IB Biology
Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions
Glucose
Condensation
Maltose - a disaccharide made from tw o glucose molecules
Glucose
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis [ hydro (water) lysis (splitting)]
Splitting a chemical bond by the addition of water
The hydrolysis of maltose using water produces two molecules of
glucose
A Hydrolysis Reaction
Drag the two glucose molecules out of the box below.
This is what Hydrolysis does
Glucose molecule
Glucose molecule
Maltose
Molecule
Can you see where the water
molecule is added. OH to one
and H to the other molecule.
A condensation reaction is when two molecules are combined to
form one single larger molecule, with the loss of a water
molecule.
e.g. A condensation reaction joins two glucose molecules to make a single maltose
molecule and a water molecule.
Glucose molecule
A Condensation Reaction Glucose molecule
Drag the two glucose molecules
into the box below to form a
disaccharide
Maltose
Molecule
Can you see the water
molecule which is
produced ?
Biological Molecules can be joined together
to make bigger molecules
using condensation reactions
Fructose Sugar
Ribose Sugar - forms the backbone of DNA Important in fruit and sucrose
Glucose Maltose - a disaccharide made from two glucose molecules
Very large Biological Molecules are made using
condensation reactions
The twisted, branched structure of Glycogen
which contains the branched molecule
amylopectin
Cellulose - a flat polysaccharide - this diagram shows just nine glucose rings
Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions
Monosaccharides Condensation
e.g. Glucose Disaccharide
e.g. Maltose
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Three Fatty Acids &
a Glycerol molecule Triglyceride Molecule
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Amino Acids Dipeptide
Hydrolysis
... opposites of each other.
Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions also form
Lipids.
Three Fatty Acid molecules & Glycerol
Condensation
Hydrolysis
Triglyceride Molecule
A Triglyceride - 3 Fatty Acid chains and 1 Glycerol Molecule
Highlights the parts of each molecule
which react together
A saturated fatty acid
Glycerol
An unsaturated fatty acid
Water
Each condensation reaction produces a water molecule
Two Amino Acid Molecules
Condensation
Hydrolysis
A Dipeptide Molecule
Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions form proteins
This highlighted area shows the
peptide bond
The H from one amino acid joins the OH from another.
This links the two amino acids forms a peptide bond and a molecule of water.
OH group
Drag this amino acid to make the two
yellow highlights join together
and see for yourself.
IB Style Questions
1. List three examples of Hydrolysis reactions in biological cells.
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2. Outline the role of condensation reactions in living things.
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3. Distinguish between hydrolysis and condensation reactions.
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4. Write a word equation for the formation of Lactose through a condensation
reaction joining glucose and galactose.
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