CONTENT

 Bluetooth Technology - Overview

 Technical Features
 Supported Bluetooth Profiles
 Bluetooth Usage Scenario
 Features Of Bluetooth
 Bluetooth Technology Benefits
 Bluetooth Industrial Specification
 Bluetooth Technology Developers

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 ABSTRACT

Bluetooth is a Radio Frequency (RF) specification for short-range, point-to-point and

point-to-multi-point voice and data transfer. Bluetooth will enable users to connect to a wide
range of computing and telecommunications devices without the need for proprietary cables that
often fall short in terms of ease-of-use. The technology represents an opportunity for the industry
to deliver wireless solutions that are ubiquitous across a broad range of devices. The strength and
direction of the underlying Bluetooth standard will ensure that all solutions meet stringent
expectations for ease-of-use and interoperability.

Now no more complicated tangle of cables and wires are required to connect electronic
equipment. A revolutionary technology called Bluetooth allows for the replacement of the
cumbersome cables used today to connect a laptop to a cellular phone with one universal low-
cost, short-range radio link. Printers, PDAs, desktops, fax machines, keyboards, and virtually any
other digital device can be a part of the Bluetooth system. Bluetooth is faster than mobile phones,
including the upcoming third-generation, or 3G, high-speed wireless data transmission.

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BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY - OVERVIEW :-

A global specification for wireless connectivity Bluetooth, named for Denmark's first
Christian king and not a dire dental condition, is the name of a technology specification for small
form factor, low-cost, short-range radio links between PCs, handhelds, mobile phones, and other
computing and electronic devices. The Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group) is an industry
group consisting of leaders in the telecommunications and computing industries that are driving
development of the technology and bringing it to market. Over 2000 companies have executed
the Bluetooth adopter’s agreement and are members of the Bluetooth SIG.

What is Bluetooth?

"Think of a connected world of electronic devices and appliances around you! You click
on an icon for a device and you are linked to it, automatically and transparently"

Bluetooth technology eliminates the need for numerous and inconvenient cable
attachments for connecting fixed computers, mobile phones, mobile computers, handheld
devices, digital cameras and even new breed of digital appliances. It will enable users to connect
a wide range of computing and telecommunications devices easily and simply, without the need
to buy, carry, or connect cables - quite often proprietary to a specific device. It delivers
opportunities for rapid ad hoc connections, and the possibility of automatic, unconscious,
connections between devices. It creates the possibility of using mobile data in a variety of
applications.

Bluetooth makes wireless communication and networking between devices in a small

localized area of a room or a small office as easy as switching on the light. In Bluetooth all the
connections between devices are instantaneous and invisible and the devices can talk even if they
are not in line of sight because Bluetooth utilizes a radio-based link. Your laptop could send
information to a printer in the next room, or your microwave could send a message to your
mobile phone telling you that your meal is ready.

Bluetooth is actually a standard for wireless communications between devices in a

personal area network (PAN) using radio frequency for a short range (around 10 meters). So any
two devices that follow the standard can communicate and exchange data between each other

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without the need of any connection to be made between them. A group of Bluetooth devices like
a mobile phone, a digital camera, a hand held device etc. can instantly form a network with each
other as soon as they are switched on. You could have a mobile phone in your pocket and you
could be sending e-mails using your laptop without making any connection between your laptop
and the mobile. Your refrigerator could be placing an order with the supermarket if your milk
supply has been exhausted using your mobile phone.

Bluetooth is a compelling new radio technology that opens up a world of opportunity for
uniting and empowering mobile devices and users. The development of specifications and
standards is controlled by the Bluetooth Special Interest group (SIG), representing leading
companies in several industries. As the world leader in handheld computing platforms, Palm
Source is a committed member of the Bluetooth SIG. Some of the key features of the current
Bluetooth specification are:

Briefly, Bluetooth technology

 uses radio waves in 2.4 GHz band - therefore, no line of sight is required

 supports multipoint, not just point to point

 works in a small confined area - 10 to 15 meters apart

 is able to support speeds of 1-2 Mbps today but will offer higher speeds in future

 chip sets are relatively inexpensive (though more expensive than IrDA)- $10 to $20 today
in large quantities - will go down in future

 has significant industry support with over 1800 members in the industry consortium
Transmission Distance — Real world range between 10 and 42 meters.

 Transmission Speed — Provides throughput comparable to modems and DSL.

 Security — Bluetooth integrates security mechanisms in several layers of its protocol.

Connections are generally configured to use authentication and 128-bit encryption.
Applications can build their own security on top of Bluetooth connections to make
communications even more secure.

 Radio power output — as little as 1% of the power output of Wi-Fi.

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TECHNICAL FEATURES:-
Bluetooth technology provides a 10-meter personal bubble that supports simultaneous
transmission of both voice and data for multiple devices. Up to 8 data devices can be connected
in a piconet, and up to 10 piconets can exist within the 10-meter bubble. Each piconet supports
up to 3 simultaneous full duplex voice devices (CVSD).

The gross data rate is 1Mb/s, but the actual data rates are 432Kbps for full duplex
transmission, 721/56Kbps for asymmetric transmission, and 384 Kbps for TMS2000
transmission. A Time-Division Duplex scheme is used for full-duplex transmission.

Bluetooth wireless technology is designed to be as secure as a wire with up to 128-bit

public/private key authentication, and streaming cipher up to 64-bit based on A5 security. The
encryption strength can be very robust which is good for establishing a secure link, but there may
be export problems when shipping from the US. Different hardware with smaller encryption key
lengths may be required to meet US export controls.

SUPPORTED BLUETOOTH PROFILES:-

Bluetooth Profile describe how the technology is used (i.e how different parts of the
specification can be used to fulfil a desired function for a Bluetooth device). A profile can be
described as a vertical slice through the protocol stack. It defines options in each protocol that
are mandatory for the profile. It also defines parameter ranges for each protocol. The profile
concept is used to decrease the risk of interoperability problems between different manufacturers'
products. These profiles do not (normally) define any additions to the Bluetooth specification,
which is why new profiles can be added where desired. The underlying Bluetooth technology is
the same, only the specific way that it is used is defined and clarified.
Bluetooth supports a variety of profiles. The following profiles are currently available
with Bluetooth.
BASIC IMAGING:-
This profile defines a method for transferring images from one Bluetooth device (such as a
camera) to another Bluetooth device (such as a desktop PC) for storage, editing, or printing.

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BASIC PRINTING:-
This profile enables simpler printing from a Bluetooth device to a Bluetooth printer. Using this
profile does not require specific printer drivers. Instead, the printer has the capability to decipher
the information sent to it so that it can produce the desired format.
CORDLESS TELEPHONY:-
With this profile, a Bluetooth device that has voice capability can act as a cordless phone when it
is in the vicinity of a Bluetooth access point or other Bluetooth device that has a connection to a
voice network.
DIAL-UP NETWORKING:-
This profile defines the link between a cell phone and a computer. The profile is defined so the
computer can either initiate the data call or receive the data call depending on the user setup.
FILE TRANSFER:-
This application allows one Bluetooth device to browse a file system on, create or delete
files/folders on, or transfer files from/to another Bluetooth device.
GENERIC ACCESS:-
These are generic procedures related to discovery, link establishment, and security levels
between two Bluetooth devices. This profile defines the general procedures used for establishing
connections to other Bluetooth devices that accept connections and service requests regardless of
the devices’ manufacturer.
GENERIC OBJECT EXCHANGE (OBEX):-
This profile defines procedures used by applications performing object exchanges. It defines
these processes for transactions such as file transfers, object pushes and pulls, and
synchronization.
HANDSFREE :-
This profile enables your vehicle to communicate with a mobile Bluetooth device that comes in
its vicinity.
HARD COPY REPLACEMENT :-
This profile enables a Bluetooth device to communicate with a Bluetooth printer directly for
advanced printing capabilities, including management of print jobs, access to specific printer
drivers for greater control over formatting, and other printing features. Specific printer drivers
are required to use this profile.

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HEADSET:-
This profile enables monaural audio to be transferred between one Bluetooth device, such as a
mobile phone or a handheld device, and a headset. The most common uses for this profile
include making phone calls and recording voice data using a wireless headset.
HUMAN INTERFACE DEVICE:-
With this profile, input devices, such as a keyboard or mouse, can be wirelessly connected to a
Bluetooth device.
INTERCOM :-
Two Bluetooth devices that have voice capability can communicate directly with each other
without the need to connect to a voice over IP network or a cellular network. The experience is
similar to using two-way radios.
LAN ACCESS :-
This application relates to how Bluetooth devices connect to LANs using Point-to-Point Protocol
(PPP). This function allows a Bluetooth device to connect to Bluetooth devices that already
participate in a LAN. After you are connected, you will have access to that LAN’s resources
such as network printers.
OBJECT PUSH :-
This profile defines the process of pushing or pulling small objects such as a business card,
calendar appointment, or a task from one device to another.

PERSONAL AREA NETWORKING :-

This personal area networking (PAN) profile concentrates on general Internet protocol (IP)
networking (including security) in an ad hoc connection environment between Bluetooth devices.
Basically it is the ability to set up your own personal network with other Bluetooth devices such
as printers, phones, desktops, and fax machines. The size of the network is limited to eight
devices (known as a piconet). With a PAN, users can chat with each other, play games against
each other, and share or exchange information between their devices. WPAN describes an
application of wireless technology that is intended to address usage scenarios that are inherently
personal in nature. The emphasis is on instant connectivity between devices that manage
personal data or which facilitate data sharing between small groups of individuals. An example
might be synchronizing data between a PDA and a desktop computer. Or another example might

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be spontaneous sharing of a document between two or more individuals. The nature of these
types of data sharing scenarios is that they are ad hoc and often spontaneous. Wireless
communication adds value for these types of usage models by reducing complexity (i.e.
eliminates the need for cables).
SERIAL PORT :-
This allows the use of an emulated serial port for applications that traditionally use a wired serial
port interface, such as synchronizing information between a handheld device and a desktop PC
using Microsoft™ ActiveSync, or printing to a Bluetooth printer.
SERVICE DISCOVERY:-
This application discovers services available in other Bluetooth devices. This establishes whether
or not one device can communicate with the other and to what extent.
SYNCHRONIZATION :-
This profile allows for the exchange of personal information between devices such as calendar
and phonebook data. Also, it defines the ability of a mobile phone or computer to automatically
start synchronization when two Bluetooth devices are in range. This synchronization can occur
even if the two devices do not have compatible operating systems or applications. These profiles
call for the only applications possible under the current version of the specification. Others will
be added to the specification over time. Within the handheld, desktop, and notebook computer
industry, the general access, service discovery, serial port, dial-up networking, LAN access,
object exchange, object push, file transfer, and synchronization profiles are likely to be
implemented.

BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY USAGE MODEL :-

Bluetooth technology was designed to be small and inexpensive. Bluetooth technology has no

line-of-sight requirements making it a potential replacement for infrared ports. Bluetooth can
operate through walls or from within your briefcase. Portable PCs can wirelessly connect to
printers, transfer data to desktop PCs or PDAs, or interface with cellular phones for wireless
WAN (Wide Area Networking) access to corporate networks or the Internet.

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CABLE REPLACEMENT:-

Bluetooth will enable users to connect a wide range of computing and telecommunications
devices easily and simply, without the need to buy, carry, or connect many proprietary cables. It
delivers opportunities for rapid ad hoc connections, and the possibility of automatic,
unconscious, connections between devices. It will virtually eliminate the need to purchase
additional or proprietary cabling to connect individual devices. Because Bluetooth can be used
for a variety of purposes, it will also potentially replace multiple cable connections via a single
radio link. It will allow users to think about what they are working on, rather than how to make
their technology work. For instance, Bluetooth radio technology built into both the cellular
telephone and the laptop would replace the cumbersome cable used today to connect a laptop to a
cellular telephone.

OTHER BLUETOOTH USAGE MODELS AND APPLICATIONS :-

Printers, PDA's, desktop computers, fax machines, keyboards, joysticks and virtually any other
digital device can be part of the Bluetooth system. But beyond un-tethering devices by replacing
the cables, Bluetooth radio technology provides a universal bridge to existing data networks, a
peripheral interface, and a mechanism to form small private ad hoc groupings of connected
devices away from fixed network infrastructures.

THE INTERNET BRIDGE :-

Access the Internet regardless of the connection. Use your laptop to access the Internet wherever
your are, and regardless if you're cordlessly connected through a mobile phone (cellular) or
through a wire-bound connection (PSTN, ISDN, LAN, xDSL).

THE AUTOMATIC SYNCHRONIZER :-

Automatic background synchronization keeps you up-to-date - automatic synchronization of
your desktop, portable PC, notebook (PC-PDA and PC-HPC) and your mobile phone is made
easier with Bluetooth. For instance, as soon as you enter your office the address list and calendar
in your notebook will automatically be updated to agree with the one in your desktop, or vice
versa.

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THE INTERACTIVE CONFERENCE (FILE TRANSFER) :-
Connect all participants for instant data exchange - in meetings and conferences, you can share
information instantly with all participants, and without any wired connections. You can also
cordlessly run and control, for instance, a projector. This is not officially supporting in the 1.0
specification, but other companies are working on this application.

THE INSTANT POSTCARD :-

Send instant photos and video clips from any location - wirelessly connect your camera to a
Portable PC. Add comments and send them instantly to a receiver anywhere in the world.

THE CORDLESS COMPUTER :-

Connect your Portable PC to peripherals or to the LAN - Bluetooth enables a cordless connection
of your Portable PC to printers, scanners and to the LAN. Increase your sense of freedom in
everyday work by cordless connection of your mouse and keyboard to your Portable PC.
Use e-mail while your portable PC is still in the briefcase
When your portable PC receives e-mail, you'll get an alert on your mobile phone. You can also
browse all incoming e-mails and read those you select in the mobile phone's display.
Compose e-mails on your portable PC while you're on an airplane
As soon as you've landed and switched on your mobile phone, all messages are immediately
sent

BLUETOOTH USAGE SCENARIO:-

Wireless Standard :- Bluetooth

Application Category:- Wireless Personal Area Networking (WPAN)

Usage Scenario:-
 I want to instantly connect my notebook computer to another Bluetooth enabled notebook to
transfer a file.
 I want to collaboratively work on a document using Microsoft NetMeeting, where
meeting participants use notebooks that are wirelessly connected via Bluetooth.
 Using a Bluetooth enabled, wireless headset, I want to listen to a CD playing on my
notebook computer while it is in my briefcase.

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 I often travel to a remote site and want to walk up to a shared printer, connect and print a
document without having to physically connect using a standard printer cable.
 I want to connect to the Internet via a cellular phone without having to take my telephone
out of my briefcase
 I want to set up an ad hoc network with my handheld device

FEATURES OF BLUETOOTH :-

Operates in the 2.56 GHZ ISM band which is globally available

 Uses FHSS
 Can support up to 8 devices in a piconet
 Omni-directional, non line of sight transmission through walls
 10m to 100m range
 Low cost, $20
 1mW power
 Extended range with external power amplifier (100 meters)

BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY BENEFITS:-

Depending on your needs and the bluetooth enabled device, you can hope to gain several benefits
from using bluetooth technology in your environment. Some of the benefits are:
 Enhances users experience
 Connecting devices without the need for cables
 Becoming more integrated within laptops, mobile phones, handhelds, and many other
devices
 Reduced power consumption
 Industry wireless communications standard
 Becoming more affordable for everyone

BLUETOOTH INDUSTRIAL SPECIFICATION:-

Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal area networks (PANs).

Bluetooth lets these devices talk to each other when they come in range, even if they are not in

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the same room, as long as they are within up to 100 metres (320 feet) of each other, dependent
on the power class of the product. Products are available in one of three power classes:

 Class 3 (1 mW) is most common and allows a quoted transmission distance of 10 metres
(32 ft)

 Class 2 (2.5 mW) is the rarest and allows transmission of 20 metres (64 ft)

 Class 1 (100 mW) has the longest range at up to 100 metres. This class of product is
readily available.

The specification was first developed by Ericsson, and was later formalized by the Bluetooth
Special Interest Group (SIG). The SIG was formally announced on May 20, 1999. It was
established by Sony Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Toshiba and Nokia, and later joined by many other
companies as Associate or Adopter members. Bluetooth is also IEEE 802.15.1.

The protocol operates in the license-free ISM band at 2.45 GHz. In order to avoid
interfering with other protocols which use the 2.45 GHz band, the Bluetooth protocol divides the
band into 79 channels (each 1 MHz wide) and changes channels up to 1600 times per second.
Implementations with versions 1.1 and 1.2 reach speeds of 723.1 kbit/s. Version 2.0
implementations feature Bluetooth Enhanced Data Rate (EDR), and thus reach 2.1 Mbit/s.
Technically version 2.0 devices have a higher power consumption, but the three times faster rate
reduces the transmission times, effectively reducing consumption to half that of 1.x devices
(assuming equal traffic load).
Bluetooth differs from Wi-Fi in that the latter provides higher throughput and covers
greater distances but requires more expensive hardware and higher power consumption. They
use the same frequency range, but employ different multiplexing schemes. While Bluetooth is a
cable replacement for a variety of applications, Wi-Fi is a cable replacement only for local area
network access. A glib summary is that Bluetooth is wireless USB whereas Wi-Fi is wireless
Ethernet.

BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPERS:-

Bluetooth technology is being developed through the combined contributions of the

members of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. Intel brings architectural knowledge, advanced

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silicon technology, manufacturing expertise, and software components to the group. Ericsson
contributed the basic radio technology. Nokia contributed the radio technology and mobile
handset software. IBM and Toshiba developed a common specification for integrating Bluetooth
technology into mobile devices. Microsoft, Lucent technologies, Motorola, and 3Com have
signed on as primary Bluetooth promoters. Many smaller companies worldwide have also signed
up for royalty-free rights to the emerging standard.
Bluetooth technology is being developed as an open specification, and will be licensed
royalty-free to all companies who sign up to become members of the Bluetooth initiative. This
will allow a quick proliferation of the technology through a wide-range of mobile products and
devices. Products integrated with Bluetooth radios are expected to hit the market shortly.

REFERENCES:-
1. Bluetooth Technology overview from HP
2. www.mobileinfo.com
3. www.bluetooth.com
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