QUARTER 1

Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan in

Technical Drafting

I. OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standard:
The students will be able to define concrete proportion and explain its
importance in construction
B. Performance Standard:
The students will be able to identify and calculate various mix ratios used in
concrete.

C. Learning Competencies:
The students will be able to Apply their understanding of concrete proportion and
mix ratios to create a concrete mixture.

D. Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. Define concrete proportion and explain its importance in
construction.
2. Identify and calculate various mix ratios used in concrete.
3. Apply their understanding of concrete proportion and mix ratios to
create a concrete mixture.
II. CONTENT
Concrete Proportion

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. Materials:
Laptop, PowerPoint Presentation, Television, Visual Aids

B. References:
C. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature 2014 p 239
D. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature (Teacher’s Guide)2014 pp135-136
E. https://www.studymode.com/join.php?redirectUrl=2Fessays
F. Bejoy.Peterbpps.in
G. Ieltsfocus.com
H. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature 2014 p 239
I. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature (Teacher’s Guide)2014 pp135-136
J. https://www.studymode.com/join.php?redirectUrl=2Fessays
K. Bejoy.Peterbpps.in
L. Ieltsfocus.com
M. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature 2014 p 239
N. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature (Teacher’s Guide)2014 pp135-136
O. https://www.studymode.com/join.php?redirectUrl=2Fessays
P. Bejoy.Peterbpps.in
Q. Ieltsfocus.com
R. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature 2014 p 239
S. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature (Teacher’s Guide)2014 pp135-136
T. https://www.studymode.com/join.php?redirectUrl=2Fessays
U. Bejoy.Peterbpps.in
V. Ieltsfocus.com
 W. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature 2014 p 239
X. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature (Teacher’s Guide)2014 pp135-136
Y. https://www.studymode.com/join.php?redirectUrl=2Fessays
Z. Bejoy.Peterbpps.in
AA. Ieltsfocus.com
BB.A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature 2014 p 239
CC. A Journey Through Anglo-American Literature (Teacher’s Guide)2014 pp135-136
DD. https://www.studymode.com/join.php?redirectUrl=2Fessays
EE.Bejoy.Peterbpps.in
FF. Ieltsfocus.com
Concrete Mix Ratio: Types, Grades, & Design - Civiconcepts
IV. TEACHING-LEARNING PROCEDURES

Preparatory Activities

1. Daily Routine
a. Prayer
b. Greetings
c. Classroom Management
d. Attendance Checking
e. Checking of Assignments

A. Reviewing Previous Lesson or Presenting the New Lesson.

The teacher will flash on the screen random words associated with formulas and
features about excel. The students will try to give their ideas and insights towards the
given words.

B. Establishing a Purpose for the Lesson

C. Presenting Examples/Instances of the Lesson

1. For you, which of the two definition is convincing?

2. Do you agree with the given definition of love? Justify you
D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills

The Concrete Mix Ratio is the ratio of concrete ingredients like cement, fine aggregate
(sand), coarse aggregate (gravel), and water. These mixing ratios are decided on the basis of
the type of construction and the mixed designs of the materials.

There are several different types of concrete mix ratios, each of which is designed to
meet specific needs and requirements. Understanding these different types of mix ratios is
important in selecting the right one for your project.
However, Building Codes provide nominal and Standard Concrete Mix Ratio for various
construction tasks based on experience and testing. For preparing good quality and durable
concrete mix.

To make concrete, you’ll need four basic ingredients: cement, sand, aggregate, water,
and additional mix. Concrete mix design is the method of determining the correct proportions of
cement, fine aggregate (sand), and aggregates for concrete to achieve the target strength of the
prepared concrete mix.

The advantage of the Concrete Mixture Design is that it gives the correct ratio of
materials, thus making concrete use economical in achieving the required strength of structural
members.

Since the amount of concrete required for construction is huge, the economy in the
number of materials such as cement makes project construction economical.
The various types of concrete mix ratios are listed below,

Nominal Concrete Mix

Standard Mixes or Ratio
Designed Mix Ratio of Concrete
High Strength Concrete Mix

1. Nominal Mix Ratio

In nominal mixed concrete, the proportion of mixing concrete ingredients is fixed and
recommended by standard codes.

For M 15 grade of concrete mix, the ratio is 1:2:4, which means 1 part cement, 2 part
sand, and 4 part aggregate used to prepare concrete mix with water.

If you are using M 20 grade of concrete then

you have to use a mix ratio of 1:1.5:3. In which 1
is part of cement, 1.5 is part of sand, and 3 is part
of cement.
 Nominal mix ratio table
These mixtures of stable cement, fine aggregate (sand), and aggregate proportions
which ensure sufficient strength are called nominal mixtures.

The Nominal mix ratio concrete offers good strength and quality of concrete. Sometimes,
Its quality gets compromised due to poor quality of mixing and improper amounts of material
added to concrete.

This is the standard mix ratio normally used for a small construction project where a
grade of concrete is below M20 and quality standards are decent.

2. Standard Mix Concrete Ratio

Nominal admixtures of fixed cement-aggregate ratios (by volume) vary widely in strength
and may result in more or less rich admixtures. For this reason, minimum compressive strength
is included in many specifications. These mixtures are called standard mixtures.

IS 456-2000 designates concrete mixes in several grades as M10, M15, M20, M25,
M30, M35, and M40? The letter M in this description refers to the mixture and the number of
specified 28-day cubic strengths of the mixture in N/mm2.

Mix Ratio Table for Standard Mix Concrete

The mixtures of grades M10, M15, M20, and M25 are roughly equivalent in mixing ratios
(1:3:6), (1:2:4), (1:1.5:3), and (1:1:2), respectively. The Tanned Mix Ratio Specifications for
Concrete stipulated these ratios of cement, sand, aggregate, and water.

Standard mixtures of stable cement, fine aggregate (sand), and aggregate proportions,
which ensure sufficient strength, are called nominal mixtures.

Standard blends provide ease and, under normal conditions, have a margin of strength
greater than specified.
 In this type of mixture, the nominal solid mix ratio and the solid component ratio are
prefixed and specified.

Standard Mix Ratio M30 to M45 grade concrete mix ratio is designed manually. For
example, M45, cement volume, sand (fine aggregate), and coarse aggregate are batched in
quantities according to the design mix.

From the table above to the M45 grade, these concrete ratios are called nominal mix
concrete.
Design Mix Ratio for Concrete
The performance of concrete in these mixes is specified by the designer but the mixing
ratio is determined by the manufacturer of the concrete, except where a minimum cement
content may be prescribed.

This is the most rational approach to the selection of mixing ratios with specific materials
taking into account more or less specific characteristics.

This approach results in the production of concrete with the most economically suitable
properties.

However, the designed mix does not serve as a guide as it does not guarantee the
correct mixing ratio for the prescribed performance.

Nominal or standard mixes (determined in the code by the amount of dry material per
cubic meter and slump).

Concrete with undemanding performance may only be used for very small jobs when the
28-day strength of concrete is 30 and does not exceed n/s. mm2. Depending on the mass of the
material, no control test is necessary.

4. High Strength Mix Ratio

The high strength mix ratio specifications for concrete stipulate these ratios of cement, sand,
aggregate, and water.

High-strength mixtures of stable cement, fine aggregate (sand), and aggregate ratios, which
ensure sufficient strength, are called nominal mixtures.

High-strength mixes provide ease and, under normal conditions, have a margin of strength
above specified.

However, due to the variability of the mixed material, the nominal concrete for given workability
varies widely in strength.
 Mix Ratio Table for High-Strength Concrete Grades
This high-strength mixing ratio is generally adopted for small-scale manufacturing. In this
type of mixture, the nominal solid mix ratio and the solid component ratio are prefixed and
specified.

High Strength Mix Ratio M50 to M70 grade concrete mix is designed manually. For
example, M70, cement, sand (fine aggregate), and coarse aggregate are batched in volumes
according to the design mix.

Concrete Mix Design

Importance Of Getting the Right Mix Ratio for Concrete

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world, and it is
made from a mixture of cement, water, sand, and aggregate (such as gravel or crushed stone).

The mix ratio of these ingredients is critical to the performance of the concrete, and
getting it wrong can result in serious problems.

In this article, we will discuss the importance of getting the right mix ratio for concrete.

Strength and Durability: The mix ratio of concrete determines its strength and durability. If the
mix is too wet, the concrete will be weaker and more prone to cracking and shrinking.

If the mix is too dry, the concrete will be more brittle and may not bond properly to other
materials. In either case, the concrete will be more susceptible to damage and will have a
shorter lifespan.

Workability: Workability refers to the ease with which the concrete can be placed,
compacted, and finished.

If the mix is too wet, the concrete will be difficult to work with, and if it’s too dry, it will be
hard to spread and level.

Getting the right mix ratio ensures that the concrete is easy to work with, reducing the
likelihood of mistakes and improving the overall quality of the final product.

Cost Effectiveness: Getting the mix ratio right can also be cost-effective. If the mix is too
wet, more water will be required, which can add to the cost of the project.

If the mix is too dry, more cement may be needed, which can also drive up costs. By
ensuring the mix ratio is correct, you can avoid these unnecessary costs and ensure that your
project is as cost-effective as possible.

Factors Affecting Concrete Mix Ratio

The right mix ratio is critical to the strength, durability, workability, and cost-effectiveness of
concrete.
 However, there are several factors that can affect the mix ratio, and it’s important to
understand these factors in order to achieve the desired results.

Weather Conditions: Weather conditions play a significant role in determining the mix
ratio for concrete.

High humidity, high temperatures, and wind can increase the amount of water needed to
achieve the desired workability.

On the other hand, low humidity, low temperatures, and no wind can require less water.
This means that the mix ratio for concrete in different weather conditions may vary, and it’s
important to take this into consideration when planning and executing a project.

Type of Aggregate: The type of aggregate used in concrete also affects the mix ratio.
Different types of aggregate, such as gravel or crushed stone, have different characteristics and
can affect the workability, strength, and setting time of the concrete.

For example, smaller aggregate sizes require less water, while larger aggregate sizes
require more water.

Grade of Concrete: The grade of concrete refers to the strength of the concrete, and
different grades of concrete require different mix ratios.

For example, higher-strength concrete requires more cement and less water, while
lower-strength concrete requires less cement and more water.

Project Requirements: The requirements of the project also play a role in determining
the mix ratio for concrete.

Different types of structures, such as bridges, buildings, and sidewalks, have different
requirements for strength, durability, and workability.

It’s important to consider these requirements when choosing the mix ratio, in order to
ensure that the concrete meets the specific needs of the project.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, there are several different types of concrete mix ratios, each of which is
designed to meet specific needs and requirements.

Understanding these different types of mix ratios is critical in selecting the right one for
your project, and working with professionals or following guidelines from a reliable source can
help ensure that the right mix ratio is selected for your specific needs.

E. Finding Practical Applications of Concepts and Skills in Daily Living

1. What is the importance of knowing the concrete proportion in construction?
2. What is the advantage of being familiarized with concrete proportion?

F. Making Generalizations and Abstractions about the Lesson

 1. What is the significance of understanding and various mixtures about
the concrete proportion in construction?
2. What is the implication of this into real-world situation?
3. How will it help in improving the modernized construction?
In this lesson, I learned about soundness
of the author’s reasoning. It
means________________
__________________. Reasoning means
_________________________________________
It is important to learn how to judge the
soundness of an author’s reasoning
because_________________________________
_________________________________________
In this lesson, I learned about soundness
of the author’s reasoning. It
means________________
__________________. Reasoning means
_________________________________________
It is important to learn how to judge the
soundness of an author’s reasoning
because_________________________________
_________________________________________
In this lesson, I learned about soundness
of the author’s reasoning. It
means________________
__________________. Reasoning means
_________________________________________
It is important to learn how to judge the
soundness of an author’s reasoning
because_________________________________
_________________________________________
G. Evaluating Learning
The students will answer the given 10-item quiz about concrete proportion

H. Assignment
Conduct a comprehensive research about masonry. Write down all the salient points
and terminologies related to masonry.

Prepared by: Checked and Inspected:

Nico C. Gutierrez Dr. Baldomero J. Bicaldo Jr.

Pre-service Teacher Cooperating Teacher