PEOPLE’S WAR

Theoretical Organ of the Central Committee

Special Issue of the 50th Anniversary of Our Party

June 2019

15

Central Committee
Communist Party of India (Maoist)
 PEOPLE’S WAR
Theoretical Organ of the Central Committee
Special Issue of the 50th Anniversary of Our Party

June 2019

15

Central Committee
Communist Party of India (Maoist)
 People’s War-15
June 2019

Contents

1. Homage to martyrs 5
2. Editorial 12
3. CC message on the occasion of
50th Anniversary of the Party 18
4. Article on 70th Anniversary of China Revolution 37
5. Theoretical articles
Collective leadership-individual responsibility
- from A Basic Understanding of CPC 66
History develops in spirals
- from Peking Review, October, 1974 71
6. ERB circular on bolshevisation 84
7. CC circular on Party education 100
8. CC circular on Sudhakar-Madhavi 135
9. CC circular on Post-election situation 147

***
 Homage to martyrs

Sixty-six comrades have laid down their lives in the countrywide

movement in the past six months on the way to accomplish New
Democratic Revolution in India and to ultimately achieve Socialism
and Communism facing the intensifying strategic ‘SAMADHAN’
offensive of the enemy. Let us pay homage to each and every one of
them.
In the past six months from 2019 January ten comrades laid their
valuable life in the East Bihar-North East Jharkhand, 40 comrades in
Dandakaranya, 5 in Maharashtra-Madhya Pradesh-Chhattisgarh, 7 in
Andhra-Odisha Border (AOB) area and four in Odisha bringing the total
number to 66. Twenty-two out of them were woman comrades. DvC
members Comrade Ramko (Kamala Nuroti), Comrade Sagen (Jamuna),
Comrade Seema, Comrade Swarupa, PPC members Comrade Jagadish,
Comrade Sahadevarai, Comrade Madavi Vargesh, Comrade Punem
Kamlu, Comrade. Roshan, Comrade. Kovasi Gangi and another ACM of
DK, Comrade Dasu and Comrade Kranti of AOB.
Member of the South Gadchiroli Divisional Committee Comrade
Ramko and activist of Chetana Natya Manch Comrade Silpa were caught
by the police, tortured and cruelly murdered. In the MMC the in-charge
DvC member of Malajkhand area of Balaghat Comrade Sagen was
attacked by the enemy and became a martyr. In Odisha Comrade Seema
was murdered in an encounter. In EB-NEJ Commander Comrade
Sahadevarai was martyred in encounter. Comrade Kalmu Jagdish and
another three comrades of the main force died in a battle with the
government armed forces in the process of protecting a leadership
comrade near Gomgudem-Bheemaram in South Bastar of DK. Ten youth
most of them minors and school going students were killed in a very
brutal manner in Thadaballa of Maad division. In Darbha division the
police killed ordinary people and party activists in fake encounters in a
period of two months as revenge to the assassination of MLA and five
policemen by the PLGA. The President of a RPC died of jaundice and a

June 2019 People’s War-15 5

student of a school run by another RPC died of Cerebral Malaria. The
martyr comrades include PLGA members, members of LOS, Platoon,
CNM activists and Medical team members and militia members.
The Brahmanic Hindu fascist rulers that came to power the second
time are making aggressive attacks on ordinary people and democratic,
progressive forces. They are unleashing cruel and inhuman repression
to wipe out the Maoist movement. Let us pay revolutionary homage to
all the comrades who were martyred in the ongoing repression for the
sake of the people. Let us pledge to achieve their ideals.

***

* Red Salutes to martyrs!

* Let us celebrate
the 50th Anniversary of the Party!
* Let us celebrate
the 70th Anniversary of
Chinese Revolution!
* Long Live
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism!
* Long live CPI (Maoist)!

6 People’s War-15 June 2019

 Editorial
Revolutionary Greetings to the 50th Anniversary of
Our Great Party!
The two proletarian revolutionary parties that emerged from the
turbulent Sixties and especially from the flame of the great Naxalbari
struggle – the CPI (ML) formed on 22nd April 1969 and the Maoist
Communist Centre (MCC) formed on 20th October 1969 have stood as
the inheritors of all the revolutionary aspects of the long history of the
Indian Communist movement. Both the parties went ahead overcoming
many obstacles as two separate revolutionary streams for 35 years
with the single objective of making the Indian revolution successful.
There are certain similarities and certain differences in the histories of
the two parties. Both the streams merged into one great stream in the
later period and that is the emergence of Communist Party of India
(Maoist) on the 21st September 2004. In 2013 ending CPI (ML) Naxalbari
united with the party. The two parties followed the correct fundamental
line and fought against opportunism and wrong theoretical trends and
thus mobilized and unified the genuine revolutionary forces/individuals
of almost the entire ML groups into these two revolutionary streams.
Now it is 50 years for the birth of the two streams and 15 years for the
birth of CPI (Maoist). The CC appeals to celebrate the 50th Anniversary
of the two erstwhile parties and the 15th Anniversary of the new party
together.
The line of our Party developed and was enriched with the
synthesis of the experiences of the various class struggles; armed
struggle; the two line struggles of our party with various kinds of
revisionists, right and left alien trends; the ebbs and flows, setbacks,
leaps, twists and turns of the movement in the prolonged process of
the development of Protracted People’s War in various areas of the
country in the past 50 years as a part of the World Socialist Revolution
in the light of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism. This is entwined with the
molding of the three magnificent weapons of revolution, the
proletarian party, people’s army and revolutionary united front.

June 2019 People’s War-15 7

 Indian revolution has been advancing in a jig jag path constantly
overcoming many kinds of obstacles. The Revolution developed
continuously with the hard labor of our party. All through the period
there was fierce struggle between the revolutionary forces and counter
revolutionary forces. It is not at all easy for the new aspects to win and
take the place of the old. The new aspect will have face strong and
severe resistance from the old. The new aspect will develop through
fierce struggles against the old and ultimately become prevalent. The
party severely strived to mold itself by continuously shedding the old
aspects that are in the way and useless for the revolution and to
develop several new aspects in the process of class struggle. It has
been proved in our practice too that in any aspect development is not
straight from bottom to top but is spiral.
During this period our party firmly fought against the Soviet
revisionism, the modern revisionism of Deng, the modern revisionism
of Prachanda-Bhattarai in Nepal and Avakianism (RCP) that came forth
in the International Communist Movement. It made Marxism-Leninism-
Maoism and the line of Protracted People’s War more popular. Our
party is leading Protracted People’s War towards accomplishing New
Democratic Revolution with the axle of Armed Agrarian Revolution in
the strategy of encircling the towns from the rural areas. the PPW is
developing by severely resisting and fighting back the encirclement-
wiping out offensive and several repressive campaigns unleashed
unceasingly by the reactionary ruling classes with the support of the
imperialists. Party gained rich experiences in tactics. The Party
developed a practical and conceptual understanding towards Mass
Organisations – people’s movements, guerilla war, people’s army,
people’s political power, guerilla zones and guerilla bases – liberated
areas.
The party has been fighting back many arguments within the party
and from others that India has turned capitalist and that the strategy of
PPW is no more relevant quoting the international and domestic
economic, political and social developments in the past 50 years. It
clearly stated that the India is semi-colonial and semi-feudal, that even
though there are considerable changes in the country’s economy they
are only quantitative but are not qualitative, that accomplishing New

8 People’s War-15 June 2019

Democratic Revolution is yet the immediate political objective and
that there shall not be any change in the fundamental political military
strategy to make it a success. It analysed the quantitative changes that
came and are taking place and amended proper tactics time to time
and has been saying that they need to be amended. It realizes the
shortcomings in this regard. Our party strongly states that the
fundamental path is correct basing on this prolonged revolutionary
practice. We have to see the summaries of the great revolutionary
history of these 50 years in this background.
The new revolutionary line of our party was evolved firstly in the
background of the turbulent decade of 1960s when a large number of
Maoist forces including the first rank great leaders Comrades Charu
Mazumdar and Comrade Kanhai Chatterjee took up a two line struggle,
proposed an alternate revolutionary line against the revisionist and
neo-revisionist lines of the CPI and CPI (M) and totally broke from the
old revisionist line. This led to the great Naxalbari rebellion in the
leadership of Comrade CM in 1967. This became a Spring Thunder in
the economic scenario of India. A new spate came forth against
revisionism. There was an enthusiastic political situation all over the
country. Thus Naxalbari struggle is a leap and a great turn in the Indian
Revolution. This struggle soon spread to Srikakulam, Mushahari, Debra-
GopiVallabhapur, Lakhimpur-Kheri, Birbhum, Sonarpur, Budbud, Kanksa
and other such areas. Thousands of comrades laid down their lives in
these struggles.
In 1970 May the Eighth Congress of the CPI (ML) was held. This
institutionalized a new revolutionary line in the country. Anyhow by
1972 the Indian revolutionary movement faced a blow and temporarily
setback. The movement was temporarily affected due to tactical
mistakes, political and organizational weaknesses, lack of experience,
severe losses from the severe enemy repression and due to splinters
in the party due to disruptive deeds of the right opportunists internally.
The Central Committee elected by the 8th Congress disintegrated. After
the setback there was no continuation of party leadership for a long
time. We had a peculiar situation that never came up in the history of
the revolutions in Russia and China.

June 2019 People’s War-15 9

 Our party faced the following main struggles between two lines in
the past fifty years:
After Comrade Charu Mazumdar became a martyr in 1972 July there
was serious political struggle between two lines in the CPI (ML) camp.
Genuine revolutionary forces theoretically fought against the right
opportunist disruptive arguments of SNS, Kanu Sanyal, Ashim
Chatterjee, Nagabhushan Patnaik and others who targeted their attack
on the fundamental line adopted by the 8th Congress and on comrade
Charu Mazumdar. The genuine revolutionary forces also theoretically
fought against Mahadev Mukherjee and other Lin Piao groups that took
up left sectarian line. Vinod Misra (Liberation) group first was left
sectarian and by the early years of the 80s it took up parliamentary line
and reached a totally opposite situation to the earlier. Revolutionary
forces exposed their right opportunist revisionist line. The CPI (ML) AP
State Committee prepared a Self-Critical Report, ‘Let us review the
past, let us go forward successfully in the path of armed struggle’,
worked with new tactics for the construction of revolutionary
movement and on the other hand took up a serious theoretical struggle
against the right opportunist line of the TN-DV and CP groups. In this
way party enriched the line by fighting against the right and left trends,
especially the right opportunist trends, exposing them to the
revolutionary camp and people, rectifying mistakes, learning from
practice, adopting correct tactics and striving to develop People’s War.
Many of these opportunist groups of the CPI (ML) stream fell deep in
right opportunism and reformism and degenerated into parliamentary
parties.
The erstwhile CPI (ML) (People’s War) faced two main internal
crises. One is the crisis of 1985-86 and the second is the 1991-92 crisis.
On both the occasions all the party ranks including the leadership fought
against the left and right opportunism and disruptive cliques in the
then topmost leadership amidst severe enemy repression. In 1985 the
Satyamurty-Veeraswamy clique brought forth an alternate line in the
veil of left jargon that was in essence right. In 1991 the KS-Bandayya
clique indulged in anarchic, disruptive liquidate methods to impose
their subjective assessment and right opportunist tactics on certain
issues of the movement and politics. It tried its best to split the party.

10 People’s War-15 June 2019

The leadership and the activists stuck to the fundamental line of the
party and the people stood united and defeated not only these wrong
lines but also the enemy offensive. The party and the movement gained
more strength than the earlier.
There were two main internal struggles in the history of the
erstwhile CPI (ML) Party Unity in 1987 and 1997. The alternate line that
came forth in 1987 challenged the fundamental line of CPI (ML). Those
who brought forth this line argued that there were fundamental changes
in semi-feudal relations due to the development of capitalist relations
in the agricultural sector and that agrarian revolution is outdated. The
logical conclusion of this argument would have been general
insurrection. This argument was defeated in the 1987 Central
Conference of PU. This integrated the party in a much higher basis. In
the process of unity with CPI (ML) (People’s War) a full-fledged internal
struggle came forth at the time of review of 18 years in the Central
Conference in 1997. The Conference added certain valuable and correct
proposals from the critique document in its Political and Organisational
Review. This internal struggle helped to enrich the party line. The
Conference formed a strong basis for the unity of CPI (ML) (People’s
War) and Party Unity.
The two line struggle stood as the fundamental aspect of the
development of the erstwhile MCCI. There were six important
struggles. 1. The severe struggle between two lines against the
revisionism of CPI (M) before divorcing from them; 2. The discussion
about what is correct and what is wrong in various issues between the
Communist Revolutionaries after breaking with the CPI (M); 3.
Discussion and argument regarding the process and method of Party
formation; 4. The discussion against the wrong line that came forth in
the process of facing white terror in 1970-72 that said ‘now it is not
correct to make armed struggle in the cities, surrounding rural area and
interior rural area’; the two line struggle against few leadership
comrades who said that the party was following a left line and left the
struggle in 24 Paraganas, Kanksa and Hugli of West Bengal; 5. The
discussion between two lines on the issue that we can advance only by
making constant armed attacks on the class enemies and government
forces brought forth by a leadership comrade in Asom-Tripura in 1971-
June 2019 People’s War-15 11
72; 6. The discussion that the then CCM Badal raised about the party
line in various forms in 1977-78. This continued since the martyrdom of
Comrade KC until mid-1994-95; the two line struggle was in a severe
form in 1999-2001. This struggle shook MCCI and helped to take a
qualitative leap in every aspect.
The Second Central Conference of MCC in 1996 rejected the attitude
of Badal that said it is politically wrong to consider Mao Thought and
Maoism as one. It highlighted Mao Thought as Maoism. Badal and Bharat
brought forth the following aspects also as discussion between two
lines. 1. We must not assess Comrade Stalin according to the great
debate but must assess newly; 2. There must not be any relation with
RIM; 3. Unilateral ceasefire with PW is wrong. Two line struggle was
taken up in the party on all these aspects. Final decision had to be
taken in the central plenum or the Central Conference but it was not
possible due to the wrong organizational methods of Badal and Bharat.
This two line struggle helped the MCC to shed its weakness and
bad. It led it to understand the severe mistakes regarding the black
chapter of mutual conflicts between MCC and People’s War and to
make self-criticism. It helped to shed dogmatic and sectarian trends. It
helped to speed up the task of formation of army and base areas. It
also helped for unity with genuine Maoist revolutionaries and for the
formation of All India united party.
The two streams stick to a single objective to make the Indian
Revolution successful and took up theoretical discussion to solve
several theoretical and political differences working separately. They
continued fraternal relations and worked for a long time for unity. But
due to the strong non-proletarian wrong tendencies in both the parties
the differences took the form of physical conflicts and led to the black
chapter in the Indian revolutionary movement. It severely worried the
Indian revolutionary camp and revolutionary well-wishers. Both the
parties rethought and made a deep self-criticism regarding their severe
mistake. International and domestic revolutionary forces contributed
for this. Both the parties realized that the wrong attitude they followed
to solve the differences between them shall not at all help to accomplish
the great task of making the Indian revolution a success and placed
their self-criticism before the revolutionary ranks and ended the black
12 People’s War-15 June 2019
chapter. This helped for the unity of two main revolutionary streams of
Indian revolution and for the emergence of All India party, the CPI
(Maoist) as a single centre of genuine revolutionaries. It also led to a
great leap in the revolutionary movement.
After the formation of CPI (Maoist) the vacillating individuals and
few forces hidden in the party afraid of the fierce class struggle
developing speedily all over the country brought forth right opportunist
discussions in Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Odisha and AOB and indulged in
anarchic disruptive organizational methods. Majority comrades in the
respective states along with the CC theoretically opposed them and
they either left the party or surrendered to the enemy. In Punjab a
right opportunist clique caused enormous loss to the movement. Three
members of the CC totally failed in the test of fierce class struggle and
are making attacks on the party line and the party leadership together
with the enemy. The 50 year old history of the party clearly shows us
that wrong line exists along with the correct line and causes loss to the
revolution. The internal theoretical struggle in the party exists as long
as the party exists. The entire party must always be alert towards the
wrong line. When theoretical differences arise in any form in the party
as far as possible all must be convinced according to the correct path,
strengthen the unity of the Party and must remove the diehard
opportunists from the party. We must relentlessly enhance the
theoretical level of the party. After genuine parties/groups/individuals
unite the CC, SAC/SZC/SC must make planned efforts to work abiding
by democratic centralism, with unity of thought and unity of action as
a genuine Maoist party. In view of this the party made efforts to achieve
unity in practice also. Even though efforts were made to solve the
problems that arose in the united party, due to shortcomings in this
regard the party faced certain problems in working according to
democratic centralism in certain areas.
Even though our party faced difficult conditions on various
occasions in the process of revolution it stick to the basic line of the
Party and strived to advance the movement. It studied the special
characteristics of the Indian revolutionary war and the similarities and
differences between it and the conditions of China before revolution.
It studied the caste question, the Dalit question as a part of it, the
June 2019 People’s War-15 13
nationality question, the tribal question, the women’s question, the
religious minorities question and other such things. It learnt from the
practice that continued basing on the fundamental line of the party in
the light of MLM and took up study in several phases. This made the
development of political and military strategy and tactics of the party.
This contributed to the political mobilization of the oppressed classes
and oppressed sections in the New Democratic Revolution, to take up
concrete tactics and to form alliance with the oppressed nationalities
and struggle organisations.
The party achieved many remarkable leaps in the past 50 years
due to the concrete tactics according to the concrete situation.
Whenever it took up correct tactics the movement advanced in a spate.
Whenever it failed to take up proper tactics in time according to the
objective and subjective situation it had to face several setbacks. In
both the occasions the party firmly stuck to its line.
Our party adopted a plan to concentrate on strategic areas as a part
of implementing the PPW and work among the peasantry, to develop
People’s War and People’s Army and establish liberated areas and take
up the entire revolutionary effort to achieve this task it spread its work
among the working class, students, youth, women, Dalits, tribal people,
poets, artists and intellectuals during this period to achieve this
objective. It organized lakhs of them in several revolutionary Mass
Organisations and lead various revolutionary struggles abiding the class
line – mass line and created waves of people’s movement. The party
strived to protect its secret organisation and worked to lead the open
and secret forms of struggle and organisation among the people. It
brought a new turn in developing the anti-feudal peasant armed
struggle and anti-imperialist against movement through propaganda,
agitation and struggles. Thus it developed the mass base in a
remarkable manner. In this process it worked to relatively develop the
People’s Army as the main form of organisation and armed struggle as
the main form of struggle as a part of fulfilling the central task of
revolution with the objective to establish liberated areas. It means it
developed people’s guerilla forces and guerilla war in certain strategic
areas and in a process established PLGA and people’s revolutionary
political power in the embryonic form from the village level to the

14 People’s War-15 June 2019

area and division level and also conducted several guerilla actions with
the characteristics of mobile war. With the objective of establishing
liberated areas it developed many red resistance areas, guerilla zones
and guerilla bases in DK and BJ. It spread the movement to new areas.
In addition to taking up people’s movements the party also
organized the revolutionary forces that came forth in these movements
in the Mass Organisations, people’s militia and Revolutionary People’s
Committees. They recruited the advanced forces among them and
spread the party and the PLGA. It developed a strong full time and part
time system of the party organisation than the earlier. It formed various
bureaus and departments in the central and the state committees. It
formed the necessary departments in some strong areas from the
regional to the area committee level the party leadership from top to
bottom relatively strengthened. It formed Commissions and Commands
in the PLGA and developed the three forces in various levels. It held
the Committee meetings, special meetings, various levels of
Conferences and plenums and also the historic Unity Congress-Ninth
Congress successfully that helped to summarize the experiences of
the movement and enrich the party line and tactics. This helped a lot to
the advancement of the movement. The efforts to fulfill the central
task given by the Unity Congress of the party to develop PLGA into PLA
and the guerilla war into mobile war to transform Dandakaranya and
Bihar-Jharkhand into liberated areas further advanced the movement.
The CC assessed that the revolutionary movement of the country
is facing a difficult situation since 2013. It adopted theoretical, political,
military and organizational tactics to overcome this situation and
advance the movement. It made efforts basing on our fundamental
line as a part of fulfilling the central task adopted by the Unity congress.
It synthesized that due to the lack of strong People’s Army for the
Communist party in our country and a strong, centralized Indian state,
it shall take much time to establish liberated areas and that the guerilla
zones and people’s movements will continue for a long time facing
ebbs and flows. The party and the movement faced severe losses due
to the severe countrywide enemy offensive and our theoretical,
political weaknesses. The party is working to create favorable
conditions in the areas where the movement was affected and for
June 2019 People’s War-15 15
reorganization. The party is making efforts to improve the theoretical,
political, organizational and military standard of the party through
several education campaigns. It took up rectification programs in the
respective states and all over the country to rectify the non-proletarian
wrong trends that arose in the party and to preserve the proletarian
character of the party. The bolshevization program between 2013 and
2018 contributed to the development of the movement.
Thus the party in its long revolutionary practice proved that our
line is correct through overcoming several ebbs and flows, setbacks,
twists and turns and by advancing the revolutionary movement in
waves. It led the Indian revolution in the past 50 years and gained
utmost valuable experiences. It is very much necessary for our
committees and various units of the party from top to bottom to study
them deeply. These experiences shall contribute a lot to successfully
take up the consolidation campaign that the party is taking up on the
occasion of the 50th Anniversary and to overcome the difficult situation
that the countrywide revolutionary movement has been facing for the
past seven years.
A synthesis of the party experience of the past 50 years shows
clearly that it is necessary to – correctly implement democratic
centralism, collective leadership-individual responsibility to strengthen
the party theoretically and organizationally; stick firmly to the
fundamental line; enhance theoretical study; improve the methods of
the party committee; implement the Maoist work style in its true spirit;
improve the style of struggle; rectify mistakes and shortcomings in
time; fight against the right and left opportunist trends in time; deeply
grasp the relation between the main and central task and other
fundamental tasks of the revolution in view of the unequal
development of Indian revolution and that between the tasks adopted
in various times; improve the work with coordination of armed-
unarmed, legal-illegal, open-secret forms of struggle and organisation;
change tactics timely according to the changes in objective condition
and in the movement; deeply realize the dialectical relation between
consolidation and expansion; achieve improvement in building the
movement by firmly fighting in not only favorable conditions but also
in unfavorable conditions; stick to the policy in every work; keep politics

16 People’s War-15 June 2019

in the forefront in every work; take up each work by realizing class
struggle deeply; and stand in the forefront in shedding selfishness and
fighting against selfishness. It shows clearly that the three magnificent
weapons must be molded and strengthened according to successfully
advancing the People’s War. It also shows clearly that we have to work
with Bolshevik spirit to mold our party strong and efficient by realizing
and implementing the favorable aspects in our long time practice. Let
us strengthen the three magnificent weapons, implement our
fundamental line in a creative and dynamic manner with firm will in
the light of MLM according to the speedily changing objective
conditions favorable to revolution and the complex and difficult
conditions of class struggle, lead the revolutionary movement
successfully and make true the dreams of thousands of martyrs!
***

“To belittle the socialist ideology in any way,

to turn aside from it in the slightest degree
means to strengthen bourgeois ideology”.
- Mao
“We must have faith in the masses and we
must have faith in the Party. These are two
cardinal principles. If we doubt these
principles, we shall accomplish nothing”.
- Mao
“Policy and tactics are the life of the Party;
leading comrades at all levels must give them
full attention and must never on any account
be negligent”. - Mao

June 2019 People’s War-15 17

Message

Revolutionary greetings to the

Fiftieth Anniversary of our Party!
Strengthen the Party theoretically, politically
and organizationally so as to spread and inten-
sify countrywide Protracted People’s War!
Celebrate the 50 th Anniversary of our Party
and the 15 th Anniversary of our new Party –
CPI (Maoist) from September 21 st to Novem-
ber 8 th all over the country with revolutionary
enthusiasm and revolutionary firm will!

A call to the Indian revolutionary ranks and people!

Dear Comrades and people!

The Communist Party was formed in our country in 1925. The
party betrayed the great Telangana Armed Peasant struggle, stepped
into the Parliamentary mire and became a revisionist party. The
revolutionary ranks lacked an alternate revolutionary leadership to
oppose this revisionist leadership and the revisionist line and so
continued in this. In 1964 the CPI split into the CPI and the CPI (M).
There is only a slight theoretical, political difference between the
two. The neo-revisionist policies of the CPI (M) came out into the
open with the two line struggle in its 7th Congress in 1964 Novem-
ber. So by the time of Naxalbari the revolutionary ranks realized
that the CPI, the CPI (M) and their lines were outright revisionist.
A large number of Maoist forces including the first rank great
leaders such as Comrade Charu Mazumdar and Comrade Kanhai
Chatterjee came forth opposing revisionism and neo-revisionism

18 People’s War-15 June 2019

and proposing an alternate revolutionary line in the turbulent Sixties
when – the Communist Party of China in the leadership of Mao held
‘Great Debate’ against the modern revisionism of Khrushchev that
came forth in the World Socialist camp; the Great Proletarian Cul-
tural Revolution started in China; people’s movements broke in
several countries. This led to the outbreak of the great Naxalbari
Armed Peasant struggle followed by countrywide Armed Peasant
struggles. The Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) was
formed on the birth centenary of the great Marxist teacher Com-
rade Lenin on the 22nd April 1969 and the Maoist Communist Cen-
tre (MCC) on the 20th October 1969. Subsequently on 22nd April
1980 the CPI (M-L) (People’s War) was formed together with the
genuine revolutionary forces of the CPI (M-L) stream and new CPI
(M-L) [People’s War] was formed in 1998 with the unity of the
People’s War Party and CPI (M-L) Party Unity. The MCC unified
genuine Marxist-Leninist groups – RCCI (M), RCCM, CPI (ML) (Sec-
ond CC) and RCCI (MLM) (Organising Committee) and developed
into the MCCI in 2003. The MCCI and the CPI (M-L) [People’s War]
merged and the new CPI (Maoist) emerged on 21st September 2004.
Two main revolutionary streams of our country merged and the
genuine proletarian revolutionary party the CPI (Maoist) came to
existence as the genuine continuation of all the revolutionary as-
pects of the long history of the Indian Communist Movement going
on since 1925. Thus a single revolutionary party, a single proletar-
ian People’s Army (PLGA) and revolutionary Mass Organisations
and new organisations of political power with a single political na-
ture came into existence. Later it continued the process of unifying
genuine Communists and unified CPI (M-L) Naxalbari in 2013 De-
cember.
As a continuation to the six Congresses of the CPI and the
Seventh Congress of the CPI (M), the Eighth Congress of the CPI
(M-L) was held in 1970 May and in 2007 January the historic Unity
Congress-Ninth Congress of the CPI (Maoist) was held. This Con-
gress approved the basic documents and enriched the theoretical,
political, military and organizational lines. The Party realized its mis-
takes and weaknesses in the light of MLM and conducted rectifica-
tion campaign.
June 2019 People’s War-15 19
 In the past fifty years CPI (Maoist) was formed and developed
amidst many ebb and flows, ups and downs, severe losses and
setbacks. It is advancing in waves, continuing New Democratic
Revolution through Protracted People’s War and is relentlessly striv-
ing to lead the worker, peasant, middle class and other oppressed
people and oppressed sections of India. At times it took great leaps
and even achieved higher and considerable victories. Our Party is
going ahead fighting back the unceasing, full-fledged counter revo-
lutionary offensive of the Indian reactionary comprador bureaucratic
capitalist and feudal ruling classes that serve the interests of the
imperialists and also theirs, with the help of the people through
People’s War.
We must celebrate the 15th foundation anniversary of CPI
(Maoist) and together with it in the heritance of the CPI (M-L) and
MCC, the 50th foundation days of the two parties. In view of the
importance of these anniversaries we have to celebrate these days
from 21st September to 8th November. This must be combined with
the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the revolution of People’s
China on October 1st.
The Central Committee of our Party calls upon all the Party
Committees from the top to the bottom and units to participate in
the study of the history of the bright Party in the light of MLM on the
occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of our Party and to be trained
with our rich subjective experiences gained through shedding a lot
of blood. It calls upon to successfully celebrate these anniversa-
ries with the aim of accomplishing New Democratic Revolution
and later establish Socialism-Communism and with the tireless,
heroic spirit of struggle of our Party and its experience. It appeals
to take up this occasion through pamphlets, posters, banners, bro-
chures and booklets, through cultural programs all over the coun-
try and hold rallies, meetings, seminars, photo and art exhibitions
in a big way and spread that Communism is invincible.
Hundreds of leadership cadres, thousands of Party Members
and many thousands of revolutionary people have become mar-
tyrs working for the cause of accomplishing New Democratic Revo-
lution in our country and ultimately Socialism-Communism all over
20 People’s War-15 June 2019
the world. 115 comrades have been martyred in the past one year
out of which 40 are woman comrades. On the occasion of the 50th
anniversary of our Party, let us pay countless revolutionary hom-
age to all the revolutionary warriors and martyrs who served the
Party and the Revolution dedicating themselves wholly for the people
until their last breath including Comrade Charu Mazumdar and
Comrade Kanhai Chatterjee, the great leaders of Indian Revolution
and the founders and teachers of our Party. The CC pays revolu-
tionary homage to the heroic fighters who laid their lives in the
movements in various countries in the leadership of Maoist parties
and organisations with the objective of accomplishing the World
Socialist Revolution and to the fighters who laid their lives in the
various nationality liberation struggles and the democratic, progres-
sive and patriotic movements. The successes of the Indian people’s
revolution were possible only because of the dedication and sacri-
fices of the martyrs. Let us imbibe the spirit of their ideals. Let us
follow their spirit of selfless sacrifice!
The reactionaries and counter revolutionaries are making con-
stant vain attempts to nullify the people and the revolutionary forces
saying that the Maoist party making NDR through PPW could not
achieve complete success even after 50 years. They try to hide the
fact that the ruling semi-colonial, semi-feudal system is becoming
rotten continuously. In fact the outdated system is on the deathbed
and we have to overthrow it out through NDR and establish a new
system.
On this occasion our Party must make efforts with much more
will to sustain its strength and the victories it achieved, to utilize the
favorable objective international and domestic conditions and to
mold its work in the coming years to develop its strength and to
achieve big successes.
The Party leadership can prove itself to be genuine and effi-
cient in the Indian Revolution only by enlightening, mobilizing, con-
solidating and militantly taking forward the vast oppressed people
according to the path of New Democratic Revolution with the axle
of Armed Agrarian Revolution. The efficiency of this leadership will
be expressed mostly through bringing the people widely into the
June 2019 People’s War-15 21
political arena, in the Tactical Counter Offensive Campaigns taken
up by the PLGA (like ambush and raid) and through the unlawful
and lawful democratic struggles. These struggles will further
strengthen our subjective forces and further weaken the enemy.
Therefore we have to assess the successes of the revolutionary
movement with the formation, expansion, consolidation of the Party,
People’s Army (PLGA), the various revolutionary Mass
Organisations and the organs of political power, with developing
people’s movements and guerilla war and with the expansion of
the areas of the movement. People’s Army and People’s War are
the main instruments that fulfill the political objective of the people.
Unlawful and lawful forms of struggle and organisation are inevi-
table to advance armed revolution. They have a distinct feature and
play a distinct role. These are definitely necessary to mobilise the
people in a large number in the revolutionary movement and to
fight against the enemy and gain success.
The Party Committees of all levels from top to bottom must
take up consolidation campaign on the occasion of the Fiftieth An-
niversary. They must deeply discuss about the Party organisation
in their purview and take the necessary decisions to strengthen
them. In the background of alien class tendencies and mistakes in
the party the CC appeals to take up this campaign successfully to
enhance the theoretical, political, military and organizational level
of the Party and Communist values with the objective to rectify
alien class trends and minimize the losses.
In order to implement the strategic line of PPW against the
outdated semi-colonial, semi-feudal system of India and accom-
plish New Democratic Revolution, our Party must efficiently utilize
the three magic weapons to enlighten, mobilise and organize the
people and to defeat the enemy.
The first weapon is the CPI (Maoist). This is the vanguard of
the proletariat. The Party leads People’s Army-People’s War, United
Front-wide people’s movement and all the sectors. It must coordi-
nate the various organisations and struggles. The second weapon
is the People’s Army-People’s War (Armed Revolutionary move-
ment). These are the high forms of organisation and struggle. They
22 People’s War-15 June 2019
are meant to destroy the reactionary state and to establish people’s
democratic government. The third weapon is the United Front. This
very efficiently brings forth various forms of United Front to mobilise
lakhs and crores of people in the revolution and to isolate, weaken
and destroy the enemy in the revolutionary war or the patriotic war
against the aggression of the imperialists.
We have to spread and consolidate our Party to achieve great
successes in the revolutionary movement. We have to adopt a
practical scheme regarding recruitment with the objective of ex-
panding the Party in various levels. We have to adopt a proper
training scheme with the objective of consolidating the party. We
have to concentrate on recruiting advanced forces from the prole-
tariat, agricultural labor, poor peasantry, semi-labor, and the main
oppressed classes and sections such as women, Dalits, adivasis
and religious minorities that are into the Party. We have to develop
Party leadership from them. Expanding the Party means recruiting
qualified persons from the various revolutionary Mass
Organisations (workers, peasants, students, youth, women, intel-
lectual and other organisations) in the towns, plains and forest-
rural areas and from PLGA (People’s Army) as Candidate Mem-
bers. Consolidation of the Party means promoting the Candidate
Members as fulltime Party Members in proper time. So the Party
Primary Course (Party Primary Units, Village/Factory, town, col-
lege Party Committees) must be completed during the period of
Candidate Membership thus making them more active in the Party
Primary Units and allotting them responsibilities. Advanced people’s
activists must be recruited in time into the Party as Professional
Revolutionaries. They must be guided closely and be imparted theo-
retical education properly and in proper time. Then the Party lead-
ership and members will develop better knowledge, become more
decisive and experienced. They can wholeheartedly, militantly and
efficiently fulfill their political and organizational efforts. If not so all
kinds of work will be affected. Theoretical education is being ne-
glected in the stream of daily works. We have to impart theoretical
and political training and promote them as per our cadre policy into
AC/PPC/Town Committees and strengthen them. The Party Com-

June 2019 People’s War-15 23

mittees at all levels must be consolidated and new leadership be
developed in each and every level. In view of the state offensive we
have to arrange protection and take up study classes in the speci-
fied time period as per the syllabus formulated by the CC to better
theoretical and political training from the bottom to the top as per
our cadre policy. Through this campaign we have to develop our
Party, the Party leadership, People’s Army and United Front quan-
titatively and qualitatively.
Our Central Committee must be decisive in the Armed Revo-
lution as the General Staff of the whole Party in order to expand the
mass base, strengthen, to recover the affected areas of move-
ment and extend to new areas. The Party Committees from the
bottom to the top and the PLGA units must definitely closely study
the schemes, tactics, deployment and operations of the enemy in
the rural areas of armed struggle and adopt proper self-defense-
offense plans. The tasks and policies related to the Party and the
main force, secondary and base forces of the PLGA must defi-
nitely be implemented. Attention must be paid to see that there is a
proper balance between mass work and tactical counter offensive.
The Party Committees must see the changes, favorable and
unfavorable conditions in the enemy situation and in revolutionary
movement. In any conditions the committees must protect them-
selves according to the principle of standing on one’s own legs
and advance the armed revolutionary movement.
Starting from the central level to the district level the leader-
ship committees must see that there is continuous flow of young
Party leadership and Party Members from the towns to the rural
areas and into PLGA (People’s Army), so that the party organisation
develops in the towns, plain areas, forest-rural areas and to de-
velop certain political, professional and technical efficiencies.
We must constantly take up theoretical consolidation in a
planned manner. We have to regularly summarise our experiences
in our work in various levels and various areas/sectors. The Party
leadership committees must regularly review the military efforts such
as military formation, training, war operations, on the implementa-

24 People’s War-15 June 2019

tion of revolutionary land reforms, mass work regarding the anti-
feudal, anti-imperialist people’s struggles, the formation of people’s
organisations and consolidation, on the construction of red resis-
tance areas, guerilla zones, guerilla bases-base areas and other
such things and must take lessons from the positive and negative
experiences.
The development of our countrywide movement is in various
levels in various areas and is unequal. Therefore in view of the
concrete conditions of the respective areas the Party must enter
into close relations with the majority of the people and build all kinds
of economic, political and social movements. We have to develop
political consciousness of the people mobilizing into these struggles
and consolidate the party organizationally and regularly. We have
to build secret and open Mass Organisations and recruit advanced
forces from them into the Party.
Organizational work among the masses is very important.
Working without proper organisations among the people will be
spontaneous. It will not provide expected results. It is also not pos-
sible to expand party organisation. If there are proper organisations
planned work will be possible. They will consolidate the influence
of our Party among the people.
We must consolidate four classes – Workers, peasantry, petty
bourgeois class and National bourgeois class in the Mass
Organisations. We must mainly depend upon the basic classes.
We must form secret revolutionary mass organisations. We must
also make efforts to build and develop open political movements
and open mass organisations.
The organized strength of the Party will develop by – forming
new Party cells, Party branches, village/factory/college/town Party
Committees, Militia, PLGA units and various levels of RPCs;
reorganising and strengthening the organisations affected due to
enemy offensive; improving secret methods of work; rectifying mis-
takes; strengthening democratic centralism, discipline and the unity
of the Party; and strengthening the secret coordinating mechanism,
protection of the Party and other such things in a proper manner.

June 2019 People’s War-15 25

The leadership cadres at all levels in the party must fulfill their du-
ties with proletarian revolutionary firmness and unity. They must
fulfill the tasks with selfless sacrifice and communist spirit even in
difficult conditions.
Since the beginning our Party has been studying MLM and
has been creatively applying it to the concrete conditions of the
country. However we must take up periodical social investigation
and class analysis in order to understand the trends and develop-
ments in the mode of production and the composition and rela-
tions of the class forces of the country. We have to rectify our
mistake in this regard. We have to constantly improve our tactics
according to the changed conditions.
The struggle between proletarian ideology and unmolded petty
bourgeois ideology always exists in the party. Social reality reflects
in one or the other way in the party. There is unequal conscious-
ness among the party membership. There are advanced, medium
and backward sections. So a few petty bourgeois forces that are
not molded stick to their narrow-minded, selfish and individualist
ideas. They try to develop non-proletarian ideas in the proletarian
party in the respective levels. So we have to relentlessly take up
struggle against such non-proletarian ideology and trends in proper
methods.
The various formations of PLGA take up guerilla offensive op-
erations in the leadership of the Party. Our Party Committees and
PLGA Commands must properly analyse the reasons that are com-
ing in the way of PLGA in fulfilling its main responsibility in imple-
menting the actions, in the process of fight against the enemy in
various conditions and in successfully carrying out the various
battles. They must exactly identify the mistakes and weaknesses,
draw lessons and make the necessary theoretical, political, mili-
tary and organizational effort and once again take up operations
successfully.
We are making guerilla war in the stage of strategic self-de-
fense. Therefore we have to firmly stick on to guerilla war tactics
and rules. We have to gain hold on the terrain, take up centraliza-
tion-decentralisation, the tactics of change of place, always grasp
26 People’s War-15 June 2019
the weaknesses of the enemy and make a surprise attack on those
weaknesses with the aim of achieving victory. We have to wipe out
small enemy units with the support of the people and seize arms
and other war equipment.
We must not largely decentralize small units without proper
protection in view of the information based attacks and encircle-
ment-all-out offensive of the enemy. The PLGA must definitely fol-
low active self-defense policies. Our guerilla units and party cadres
must not unnecessarily be exposed. They must keep the vital infor-
mation secret. The people and the militia must be imparted political
and military training so as to fulfill various tasks in the guerilla war,
collect intelligence information during ambush and raid and lending
active support to the guerilla units in conducting operations in the
rear of the enemy and mobilise them.
When the PLGA forces are encircled by the strong enemy
forces they must immediately come out of the encirclement. They
must not fight in the inner circle of the enemy but in the outer circle.
We must strengthen command, communication, coordination
and control between the various guerilla units. We must have the
political and military initiative. We must closely observe the move-
ments of the enemy. Everyone must realize the role of every area
and unit in guerilla war and in cooperation. We must develop the
military knowledge of the comrades in various levels and the effi-
ciency of the commanders and political and military training. We
must provide clarity towards the methods of assessment and meth-
ods of political and military synthesis. We have to coordinate the
daily struggles of the people in support of the People’s War.
We must pay utmost attention towards the consolidation of
Party committees leading strategic and tactical United Front. Since
the Party directly leads strategic UF it must be built in a secret man-
ner. We must give the clarity that we hold the initiative in tactical
UF.
In areas where there is mass base and intense enemy offen-
sive we have to build various levels of PLGA commands and units
in the leadership of the party and these must intensify guerilla war
and people’s struggles mainly basing on secret methods. We must
June 2019 People’s War-15 27
build people’s agitations on the fundamental problems of the people
such as jal-jungle-zameen, against state repression and on vari-
ous economic, political and social problems. We must make the
people conscious of the politics of seizure of state power right
from the beginning so that they do not fall in economism and re-
formism. We must arm the people and widely consolidate them in
militia. In areas where we had given a blow to the state power of the
enemy we must build organisations of revolutionary state power –
RPCs as soon as possible and concentrate on their consolida-
tion.
Dear Comrades, People!
The world capitalist economic crisis is making severe impact
all over the world. The imperialists are following globalization poli-
cies and direct and indirect interventionist policies in political and
military spheres and aggression wars to overcome the crisis. The
imperialist exploitive policies are leading to economic inequalities
all over the world. The wealth of 62 rich of the world is equal to that
of half of the world population. All the governments are adopting
liquidate deficit budget policies, imposed severe cut in people’s
welfare schemes and services that made the lives of the toiling
people more miserable. The real wages of workers and middle
class people are falling down unemployment reached a severe level.
As a result the worker and middle class movements in the capital-
ist, imperialist countries, especially in Europe are intensifying day
by day.
The imperialist interventionist wars are turning crores of people
of West Asia, Africa and Latin American countries into refugees.
They are in a terrible situation and are even dying. There is a spate
of protest movements and resistance struggles against the imperi-
alist policies that are causing this situation. The Kurd people are
making armed revolution for the right to self-determination of na-
tionalities. The national liberation struggle of Palestine is going on
in a militant manner. The armed struggle of the Taliban in Afghani-
stan has been going on for two decades and is showing impact on
the US imperialists. The Maoist parties of Philippines, India, Tur-
key, Peru and other countries are leading armed revolutionary
28 People’s War-15 June 2019
movements according to the line of New Democratic Revolution.
Many such movements are inspiring the people of several coun-
tries of the world so as to start People’s War in the broad rural
areas of their country.
The dog-fight between the imperialists for the re-division of
the world market and to loot the natural resources is intensifying in
the trade and military sectors. The Brexit developments reflect the
intensity of the contradictions between the imperialists. The pro-
tectionist policies that the US brought forth in the economic sphere
in the place of globalization policies are being severely opposed by
the other imperialist countries. Trade war between the US and China
is going on in an utmost severe manner. West Asia and Indo-Pa-
cific areas are the centre of contradictions between the imperial-
ists. With the vain attempts of the US to sustain world hegemony
by facing Iran in West Asia, North Korea in East Asia and the Rus-
sian and Chinese imperialists that support these countries are in-
creasing tensions. It especially targeted Iran that is following inde-
pendent policies without surrendering to the US and imposed sev-
eral economic sanctions on it. The outbreak of the people against
the ‘extradition bill’ in Hong Kong brought by the Chinese govern-
ment violating the aspirations of the people in a way reflects the
contradictions between the imperialists. On the whole the three
fundamental contradictions of the world are intensifying.
The struggles brewing all over the world out of the world capi-
talist economic crisis are favorable for the emergence and growth
of revolutionary forces. As a part of imperialist neo-colonial exploi-
tation a few Multi-National Companies of the world set up their
production units in several countries and are gaining super profits
out of severe exploitation of the proletariat. This is increasing com-
petition between the proletariat of the developed and the develop-
ing countries. These developments show the necessity of the unity
and united struggles of the world proletariat. In the coming days the
proletariat shall increasingly play a leadership role for the revival of
new democratic, socialist revolutions. It is necessary for the prole-
tarian revolutionary forces of all the countries to utilize this favor-
able situation to strengthen theoretically, politically and organiza-
June 2019 People’s War-15 29
tionally and lead the anti-imperialist struggle. These forces must
industriously study the universal theory of MLM. They must analyse
and identify the distinct characteristics of the revolutionary move-
ment of their country and creatively apply MLM to the concrete
conditions.
The world capitalist crisis severely affected our country. The
Brahmanic Hindu fascist Modi government that came to power for
the second time is aggressively implementing imperialist sponsored,
pro-ruling class agenda. It is working towards absolutely liberaliz-
ing the economy of the country to get foreign loans and to attract
foreign capital. Due to its policies our country is becoming more
and more dependent on the imperialists. The future of the people
of the country is falling in danger day by day. Trade deficit is in-
creasing and is highly dependent on loans. Unproductive expendi-
ture is growing. The imperialist Multi-National companies are loot-
ing the natural resources of the country at dead cheap rates. Cor-
ruption is on the rise. All these are leading to a degradation of the
social and economic conditions of the people of the country. Eco-
nomic inequalities reached severe level. The wealth of 9 rich per-
sons of the country is equal to that of half of the people in the lower
strata. The economic policies of Modi government are throwing
the people into the evil circle of making the rich richer and the poor
poorer.
The people are suffering in extreme poverty due to lack of land
for agricultural labor and poor peasantry in the semi-colonial, semi-
feudal society India, rise in unemployment, falling of real wages,
increase in living expenditure, large scale rise in poverty, hunger
and diseases and an overall decline in social and economic condi-
tions. Globalization is destroying the rural-agrarian economy of the
country. The existence of the farmer fell in danger. There is no end
to the suicides of the farmers. The Multi-National companies and
their compradors having monopoly on the agricultural market are
expanding ‘corporate agriculture’ and ‘contract agriculture’. Lakhs
of tribal and non-tribal peasantry are displaced in the interests of
corporate sector. This is the essence of the new agrarian policy of
the Modi government. Our Party calls upon the peasantry, the revo-

30 People’s War-15 June 2019

lutionary, democratic peasant organisations and well-wishers of
the peasants to expose these policies of ‘corporate development
model’ that are pushing agriculture into irrecoverable crisis and in-
tensify anti-feudal, anti-imperialist-corporate struggles and as a part
of it prominently raise the demand of free distribution of land to the
tiller.
There are two types of financial attack of the imperialists on
our country. The first is the direct attack of foreign capital through
international financial institutions. The second is the indirect attack
of the comprador bureaucratic capitalists with their collaboration
with the imperialist Multi-National companies. In both the cases the
Prime Ministers, Ministers, Chief Ministers, higher officials, politi-
cal, intellectual and other sector agents are facilitating the way as
an inseparable part of the Indian comprador ruling classes and
agents.
In this era of globalization all the fascist governments did not
leave a law untouched or liberalized in order to much more inten-
sify their exploitation and oppression on the people. This process
is going on indefinitely. The members of the Parliament or the As-
sembly make noise on meaningless, trivial issues. This is to cover
up their traitorous deeds. But in fact they are speedily ratifying the
bills in the interests and on the dictates of the imperialists and
comprador exploitative ruling classes without any discussion or
knowledge of anyone. The judiciary too is working as an instru-
ment of the foreign and comprador financial capital and is giving
reactionary judgments regarding workers, peasants, small indus-
trialists, women, dalits, and adivasis and even regarding human
rights and people’s welfare. It means the legislative bodies, admin-
istration and judiciary all the three are aggressively working in the
interests of the imperialists and comprador ruling classes.
In its first budget after coming to power the second time the
Modi government boasted that it would make the country as an
economy of 5 lakh crore dollars by 2025 and the third biggest
economy of the world. It said it would achieve 8 per cent GDP
growth rate and this is only to deceive the people. The budget in-
creased the burden of taxes on the people and shall make the
June 2019 People’s War-15 31
country’s economy as an absolute hub of the investments and ex-
ploitation of the Multi-National companies and big capitalists of the
country in the name of ‘Make in India’. It shall not bring out the
people out of poverty, hunger, unemployment, suicides and life and
death diseases. For example there is no plan in the budget to solve
malnutrition that causes the death of hundreds of children. The Modi-
1 rule proved that doubling the income of farmers and concentra-
tion on basic infrastructure in agriculture for this purpose in the
name of farmer’s budget is sheer talk. The Kisan Samman Yojana
turned the donors of food as beggars. The budget did not provide
any relief to the problems of the oppressed sections like women,
Dalits, tribal and Muslim people. Modi government imposed a tax
of 2 paisa per rupee for those having 500 crore rupees of property
and 3 paisa per rupee for those having 1000 crore rupees. This is
the way of Modi’s budget.
On the other hand the central government highly increased
the military budgets to wipe out the revolutionary movement, the
nationality liberation movements and democratic movements and
for expansionist purposes. It reduced funds for education, health
and other such people’s welfare schemes and services and made
it nominal. There is an extreme rise in corruption in the bureau-
cratic ruling machinery from the central level to the village level. In
fact most of those considered semi-employed are unemployed.
Unemployment reached its zenith.
The value of real income of the workers, peasants and middle
class people is falling down. At the same time there is deficiency of
goods and services due to inflation in production. The living stan-
dards of the people are declining due to widespread poverty, fre-
quent infectious diseases, lack of health services, decline of gov-
ernment schools, destruction of environment, shortage of water,
constant cuts in electricity and effect on urban basic infrastructure.
The imperialists and their big comprador-feudal agents are unceas-
ingly destroying environment in many ways. The rate of destruction
of forests is on the rise. There are frequent floods, famines, land
erosion, decline of underground waters, degradation of biodiversity,
drying of rivers and extreme decrease in fishing causing heavy de-
struction in the lives of the people.
32 People’s War-15 June 2019
 The main agenda of the Brahmanic Hindu fascist Modi that
came to power for the second time is to serve the interests of the
imperialist MNCs, the comprador bureaucratic capitalists and the
landlords of the country and for his purpose, to establish ‘Brah-
manic Hindu state’ i.e. fascist state in the country. The ‘Hindu state’
it planned to form in the name of Ek Bharat (one India), Sresht
Bharat (best India) and new India is absolutely against the oppressed
classes, oppressed sections and oppressed nationalities of the
country. Cruel attacks of the government armed forces in the ar-
eas of our movement and Brahmanic Hindu fascist attacks on
Muslims, Dalits, women, tribal people all over the country and the
oppressed nationalities of Kashmir and the North East intensified
within two months of its rule. ‘Jai Sriram’ slogan reverberates in
Parliament also. Muslims are insulted on sight. They are beaten to
make them utter ‘Jai Sriram’ and ‘Bharat maata ki jai’ or mob
lynched. Murders of Muslims, Dalits and tribal people in the name
of ‘Goraksha’ (protection of Cow), abuse and insult of the Dalits
and the tribal people in the name of caste, burning them alive or
forcing them to commit suicide, attacks on the government offic-
ers who do not execute their orders or cooperate with them have
become common in the rule of ‘naya Manu’. The government armed
forces are making war on the people of Kashmir and North East
nationalities. The Modi government made a bill amending the citi-
zenship law and threw lakhs of people of Asom in an uncertain and
insecure situation. Thousands were put in prison like repression
camps and 50 persons were forced to commit suicide. The Hindu
fascist forces are increasingly attacking the people of the North
East with the support of the government armed forces. Fascist
laws like UAPA, AFSPA are turned to be crueler than the TADA. In
the name of wiping out terrorism the Modi government brought the
‘NIA amendment bill-2019’ and the ‘UAPA amendment bill-2019’ with
the objective of cruelly suppressing the countrywide people’s move-
ments against state violence and the international support to revo-
lutionary, democratic and nationality liberation movements. It
brought forth the ‘Human rights protection amendment bill-2019’
with the ill intention of filling the central and the state human rights

June 2019 People’s War-15 33

commissions with Brahmanic Hindu religious chauvinist forces and
of violating the nominal human rights of the oppressed classes,
sections and nationalities. The ‘Right to Information amendment
bill-2019’ has been passed that liquidates the ‘Right to Information
law-2005’ that democrats and people achieved through struggle.
Through such bureaucratic bills it is openly fascising the state and
is preparing ground for a big fascist offensive all over the country.
The Hindu fascist clique is conspiring to wipe out opposition in the
country. It is buying MLAs of various states and the MPs of Lok
Sabha and Rajya Sabha violating the law on changing of party. It is
threatening them. People’s resistance is growing day by day all
over the country against the atrocities of this fascist clique. This
needs to be developed in a more united, militant and constructive
manner.
The central and the state governments (whichever party might
be in power in the states) together widened the carpet security sys-
tem in the areas of our movement and deployed 6 lakh police, Para-
military and commando forces. These forces make indiscriminate
firing on the people, kill them, bomb through artillery, indulge in
massacres, make large scale arrests, torture, murder in fake en-
counters, sexually assault and insult and even murder the women.
They destroy the guerilla bases, take up search and destroy opera-
tions in the areas of stronghold of PLGA and forcibly displace the
people. They are taking up suppression-wiping out campaigns (op-
erations) with a comprehensive multipronged offensive war policy
with the aim of wiping out and disrupting the revolutionary forces,
party, PLGA and UF all over the country. As a part of it they are
formulating and implementing full-fledged psychological war tac-
tics. They make large scale ill propaganda that Naxalites are for
violence, they are anti-development, traitors, anti-people and that
they kill the tribal and Dalit people. They implement the surrender
policy, turn the surrendered activists as traitors of revolution, imple-
ment rehabilitation reforms, recruit the traitors in the police, Para-
military and commando special forces and make them act criminal
towards the people. The people are facing countless difficulties
from the intense military campaigns. This not only shows the ag-

34 People’s War-15 June 2019

gressive offensive tactics of the enemy but also the growing de-
spair. Our Party, PLGA, various revolutionary Mass Organisations,
the organs of revolutionary people’s power and the revolutionary
people must be much more alert towards these enemy tactics and
must prepare to fight back these tactics with much more orga-
nized consciousness and integrity in the theoretical, political, mili-
tary, organizational and cultural spheres.
Dear Comrades and people!
The history of the Party in the past 50 years proved that our
line is correct. In this long period our Party faced many ups and
downs, twists and turns, gained valuable experience and enriched
the Party line. In this process our Party is tempered. All the severe
losses and setbacks to the movement and the Party due to the
enemy offensive, lack of experience in the Party, the mistakes and
right and left trends are only temporary. If we stick to our Party line
and confide in the Party and the people we can overcome the present
difficult situation of the revolutionary movement and advance the
movement. This enormous experience will contribute a lot to do
so. Let us work with firm will to strengthen the three magic weap-
ons basing on this vast revolutionary experience! Let us take the
initiative to totally utilize the favorable international and domestic
conditions for revolution! Let us successfully fulfill our role in speed-
ing up the mobilization and united struggles of proletarian revolu-
tionary forces, oppressed nationalities and oppressed people in
order to wipe out the imperialists and reactionaries all over the world!
Let us lead the people of oppressed classes, oppressed sections
and nationalities in the path of liberation to establish New Demo-
cratic Revolution and ultimately Socialism-Communism! Let us
mobilise lakhs and crores of oppressed people into the Protracted
People’s War going on in the leadership of our Party and expand
the People’s War all over the country! Let us theoretically, politi-
cally, militarily and organizationally strengthen the Party to achieve
this objective! On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of our Party
let us increase our strength in the coming years and step forward
to achieve big victories! Let us prove that all the fascists and reac-
tionaries all over the world including the Brahmanic Hindu fascists
June 2019 People’s War-15 35
in our country are paper tigers, that their ultimate death is certain
and that the people will achieve the final victory!

 Long live the unity of workers, peasants, students

and intellectuals!

 Long live the Party, PLGA and United Front!

 Long live Marxism-Leninism-Maoism!

 Long live Communist Party of India (Maoist)!

 Long live New Democratic Revolution!

 Long live World Socialist Revolution!

Revolutionary Greetings
Central Committee
24th July 2019 Communist Party of India (Maoist)

***

‘‘The new Party—CPI (Maoist) —as the

consolidated vanguard of the Indian
proletariat, will lead the New Democratic
Revolution in India to victory and persevere
until the establishment of Socialism and
Communism on a world scale’’
- Party Programme, CPI (Maoist)

36 People’s War-15 June 2019

Grandly celebrate the 70th Anniversary of China’s New
Democratic Revolution!
Go ahead with firm will for the success of India’s New
Democratic Revolution by creatively applying the path
of Protracted People’s War in the light of MLM!
Central Committee, CPI (Maoist)
5th August 2019

The 70th Anniversary celebrations of China’s great New Democratic

Revolution are nearing. Our entire party must grandly celebrate these
celebrations with revolutionary enthusiasm. On the occasion of these
anniversary celebrations we are publishing the important incidents of
the history of Chinese revolution that took place in the leadership of
Comrade Mao Tse-tung as a part of the World Socialist Revolution. On
the occasion of these anniversary celebrations all our comrades must
make a deep study into the New Democratic Revolution that was
successful in the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the
guidance of Mao, the method of creative application of Marxism-
Leninism to the concrete conditions of Chinese Revolution in the
international conditions including China, the Protracted People’s War,
the three magnificent weapons, internal theoretical struggles and New
Democratic state. There must also be a comparative and deep study
into the Socialist transformation in the New Democratic state after the
success of this revolution, the socialist construction, the Great Debate,
the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and the history of the
development of Marxism-Leninism through all these into its new and
higher stage of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism as the universal theory of
international proletarian revolution. The objective of this study should
be to contribute to have more clarity in creatively applying MLM and
especially the principles of NDR-PPW of China and its experiences to
the concrete conditions of the revolution of our country and the world
and thus to successfully advance the World Socialist Revolution.

June 2019 People’s War-15 37

 Historic background
Like India china too was once a feudal country. There were separate
states in the hegemony of war lords. China is a broad, highly populated
country with rich culture. More than 90 percent of the people belong
to the Han nationality. The minority nationalities include Mongol, Hui,
Tibetan, Yighur, Miao, Yi Chuvang, Chung Chia and Korea. There are
many languages in China out of which majority speak Chinese.
Buddhism is the most practiced religion among the various religions.
In addition to feudalism there are small kind of agriculture, cottage
and handicrafts in China that constitute the self-sufficient natural
economy as the main mode of production. The imperialist forces made
many aggression wars on China in 1840 Britain made opium war on
China. In 1857 Britain-French allied forces forcefully intruded into the
country. With the foreign capitalism penetrating into China economic
changes began towards semi-colonial-semi-feudal path. The 1894 Sino-
Japan war and later the war of 8 allied countries in 1900 brought a total
change in feudal China. It became semi-feudal. The economy of China
lost its independence and became a part of the world imperialist
economy. It preserved its nominal sovereignty and a little
independence and degenerated to semi-colonial level. National
capitalism developed to a little extent and played a considerable role
in the political and cultural life of China but it was not the important
one in the socio-economic system of China. It is combined with foreign
imperialist and domestic feudalism at various levels. In this process
working class took birth with those working in the industries set up
with the capital of the imperialists, mainly the Japan imperialists and
of domestic bourgeois capital, petty bourgeois class with the education
and job opportunities due to the imperialist penetration and a national
capitalist class that took chance of these economic opportunities. The
fundamental contradictions in semi-colonial, semi-feudal China were
that between imperialism and China nation and that between feudalism
and the broad masses.
There are two prominent revolutions in the past history of China.
There were countless peasant struggles against feudalism and
imperialism. Taiping revolution is one of the important one. This
revolution continued from 1851 to 1864 and spread to 17 states. The
38 People’s War-15 June 2019
feudal land system was dissolved and military government agrarian
law was implemented. But the revolution was defeated. This
government could not sustain the joint attack of the counter
revolutionary Ching state army, the US, Britain, France aggressors.
Another prominent one was the 1911 bourgeois revolution. Thousands
of workers participated in this revolution. Some persons educated due
to Japan imperialism also participated in this revolution with patriotic
feelings. This revolution ended the feudal dictatorship that ruled China
for thousands of years. It formed China republic and a temporary
revolutionary government in Nanking. However this bourgeois
revolution did not mobilise and organize the utmost big and strong
democratic force of China, the peasantry. No strong social basis was
formed in 1911 revolution. The land problem that is a fundamental one
in bourgeois revolution was not solved by this revolution.
‘The strikes that took place in many places for hike in wages
between 1916 and 1919 increased the strength of the working class day
by day. The influence of the international proletarian movement
speedily increased the political consciousness of the Chinese
proletariat. The 1919 May 4th patriotic movement initiated the outbreak
of a new revolutionary storm and to the advancement of China
revolution to a new phase. ‘Among the Chinese proletariat, the modern
industrial workers number from 2,500,000 to 3,000,000, the workers in
small-scale industry and in handicrafts and the shop assistants in the
cities total about 12,000,000, and in addition there are great numbers
of rural proletarians (the farm labourers) and other property less people
in the cities and the countryside.
In addition to the basic qualities it shares with the proletariat
everywhere—its association with the most advanced form of economy,
its strong sense of organization and discipline and its lack of private
means of production—the Chinese proletariat has many other
outstanding qualities..… The Chinese proletariat should understand
that although it is the class with the highest political consciousness
and sense of organization, it cannot win victory by its own strength
alone. In order to win, it must unite, according to varying circumstances,
with all classes and strata that can take part in the revolution, and must
organize a revolutionary united front……’ (‘Chinese Revolution-Chinese
June 2019 People’s War-15 39
Communist Party, 4.5. Proletariat, MSW, Vol-II). The worker’s strength
demonstrated in the anti-imperialist May 4th movement, the impact of
the political strikes brought forth the necessity of a political party that
can lead and coordinate the successes of struggle. Class basis was
established for the foundation of Communist Party of China (CPC).
Foundation of Communist Party of China – United Front with
Kuomintang
The 1917 Russian October Socialist Revolution brought a
fundamental change in the history of China and the world. Marxism-
Leninism spread by defeating the reactionary bourgeois class
philosophy of pragmatism and bourgeois reformism. The Chinese
communists formed study circles in Shanghai in 1918 and in Peking in
1919. On this basis Communist and Socialist youth teams were formed
all over the country. All these enlightened the Chinese proletariat and
prepared the theoretical and organizational ground for the formation
of the CPC and trained the cadre.
The Third International was formed in the leadership of Lenin in
1919 March. It brought the thesis (of Lenin) on national and colonial
question. Lenin formulated the fundamental tasks of Communist
International. We must understand the birth of the CPC in this
background.

No political party can possibly lead a

great revolutionary movement to
victory unless it possesses
revolutionary theory and knowledge of
history and has a profound grasp of
the practical movement
Mao

40 People’s War-15 June 2019

 The first National Congress of the CPC was held in Shanghai on 1st
July 1921 with the help of the Communist International. At that time
the number of Party Members was 57. There were 12 delegates in the
Congress out of which Mao Tse-tung was one. This Congress ratified
the Party Constitution and elected a leadership committee. In 1922
January the First Congress of the communist parties and national
revolutionary committees of various countries was held in Moscow in
the guidance of Lenin. The Congress stated that the task for the people
of China and other eastern countries was to continue ‘anti-imperialist’,
‘anti-feudal, national democratic revolution’. The CPC gained clarity
about the path of revolution and immediate task.
There was the first very big wave in the workers’ strike from 1922
January to 1923 February. Three lakh workers participated in this. Most
of the strikes were totally successful. The working class movement
and Trade Unions spread speedily. One hundred Trade Unions from 12
cities held National Labor Congress. The workers lent strong support
for the soldiers during the process of Northern expedition in 1926. The
workers participated in the armed struggle during the 1927 rebellion.
The peasantry was making small and big struggles against the feudal
exploitation. Anti-imperialist and patriotic feelings were brewing in
the petty bourgeois class. The National bourgeois class was eager for
independence with the pressure from imperialism. These classes began
to consolidate in the leadership of the CPC.
Comrade Mao said thus on the character of the Chinese revolution.
‘What, indeed, is the character of the Chinese revolution at the
present stage? Is it a bourgeois-democratic or a proletarian-socialist
revolution? Obviously, it is not the latter but the former.
Since Chinese society is colonial, semi-colonial and semi-feudal,
since the principal enemies of the Chinese revolution are imperialism
and feudalism, since the tasks of the revolution are to overthrow these
two enemies by means of a national and democratic revolution in
which the bourgeoisie sometimes takes part, and since the edge of the
revolution is directed against imperialism and feudalism and not against
capitalism and capitalist private property in general even if the big
bourgeoisie betrays the revolution and becomes its enemy — since all

June 2019 People’s War-15 41

this is true, the character of the Chinese revolution at the present
stage is not proletarian-socialist but bourgeois-democratic.
However, in present-day China the bourgeois-democratic
revolution is no longer of the old general type, which is now obsolete,
but one of a new special type. We call this type the new-democratic
revolution and it is developing in all other colonial and semi-colonial
countries as well as in China. The new-democratic revolution is part of
the world proletarian-socialist revolution, for it resolutely opposes
imperialism, i.e., international capitalism. Politically, it strives for the
joint dictatorship of the revolutionary classes over the imperialists,
traitors and reactionaries, and opposes the transformation of Chinese
society into a society under bourgeois dictatorship. Economically, it
aims at the nationalization of all the big enterprises and capital of the
imperialists, traitors and reactionaries, and the distribution among the
peasants of the land held by the landlords, while preserving private
capitalist enterprise in general and not eliminating the rich-peasant
economy. Thus, the new type of democratic revolution clears the way
for capitalism on the one hand and creates the prerequisites for
socialism on the other. The present stage of the Chinese revolution is a
stage of transition between the abolition of the colonial, semi-colonial
and semi-feudal society and the establishment of a socialist society,
i.e., it is a process of new-democratic revolution. This process, begun
only after the First World War and the Russian October Revolution,
started in China with the May 4th Movement of 1919. (Above said
article, 5. The character of Chinese Revolution’).
Doctor Sun Yat-sen formed revolutionary government in Kwangtung
in 1923 March with the support of the CPC. He declared three policies
such as good relations with Soviet Russia, cooperation to CPC and help
to workers and peasants. The Sino-Soviet friendship agreement was
made on 31st May 1924. As a result the revolutionary army was formed.
Soviet Union cooperated to San Yat-sen to form the ‘Wampoa Military
Academy’ in Kanton during this period. The National revolutionary Army
that was the main force of struggle later brought the entire Kwangtung
into the hold of the revolutionary government. It took up the northern
expedition. Dr. San Yat-sen died on 12th March 1925. He was a great
patriot, national revolutionary and a friend of Soviet Russia. In the
42 People’s War-15 June 2019
later period the comprador of imperialists and representative of the
big bourgeoisie and big landlord classes Chiang Ki-shek clique seized
the Kuomintang Party leadership.
On the 1st of May 1925 a Congress of 166 Trade Unions was held
with 281 delegates representing 5 lakh 40 thousand workers. On 31st
May the Shanghai Trade Union federation was formed with 2 lakh
organized workers as members. A great strike movement began on the
1st of June. Two lakh workers stopped going to work. Fifty thousand
students stopped going to school. Traders closed their shops. The police
too got down to strike. The demands with the political slogan of
dissolving special privileges for imperialists in China, withdrawal of all
the foreign armies, abolishing the powers regarding foreign commerce,
revival of people’s rights in the international settlement were brought
forth. The Shanghai workers stood as the vanguard for this movement
and played the leadership role. The workers strike in Kanton-Hong
Kong for 16 months starting from 1925 June to 1926 October was a great
incident in the history of Chinese Revolution. It is also important in the
history of worker’s strike all over the world.
The peasant movement too stepped up speedily from 1925 May to
1926 July all over the country. The May 30th movement gave a strong
momentum to the countrywide peasant movement. 9 lakh 85 thousand
peasants were organized in farmer organisations. The workers and
farmers in lakhs of numbers agitated for their political demands and
local issues. As the revolutionary movement of the workers and
peasants developed stably the movement increasingly came under
the proletarian leadership. Then the big bourgeois class and the war
lords realised the danger to their existence and started making
preparations to seize the revolutionary leadership and to give it a blow
collaborating with the imperialists. Chiang Ki-shek conspired together
with his associates on 18th March 1926, ‘propagated that the Communists
were conspiring for rebellion’ and declared Marshall Law. They cut the
communication, encircled the communist offices, arrested communist
leadership, removed the communists from the army and gained total
command. Thus the unity between the Communist party and the
Kuomintang was disrupted. The war taken up jointly against the war
lords, the first civil war in China ended. The 6th Army, the 2nd Army of
June 2019 People’s War-15 43
the northern expedition army and other rebellion armies together
liberated Nanking on 24th March 1927. The counter revolutionary armies
in the leadership of Chiang Ki-shek disarmed the workers in a planned
manner. All strikes were banned. The Shanghai workers took up counter
offensive in protest to this. Amidst the white terror 2 lakh workers
participated in this. 5 lakh people participated in the Nan Shi public
meeting. The reactionary armies fired upon the workers going to attend
the people’s demonstration and murdered 100 people.
Chiang Ki-shek could conspire due to the right opportunism of
Chen Tu-shiu who was dominating the leadership organisations of the
CPC. Comrade Mao proposed counter offensive on the traitor activities
of Chiang Ki-shek and argued. But Chen Tu-shiu considered Chiang Ki-
shek as a ‘revolutionary’ even when he backstabbed. He accused all
those who opposed Chiang Ki-shek as ‘counter revolutionaries’. With
the betrayal of Chiang Ki-shek the revolution faced partial defeat.
Comrade Mao analysed classes in China thus –
‘Since Chinese society is colonial, semi-colonial and semi-feudal,
since the targets of the revolution are mainly foreign imperialist rule
and domestic feudalism, and since its tasks are to overthrow these two
oppressors, which of the various classes and strata in Chinese society
constitute the forces capable of fighting them? This is the question of
the motive forces of the Chinese revolution at the present stage. A
clear understanding of this question is indispensable to a correct
solution of the problem of the basic tactics of the Chinese revolution.
What classes are there in present-day Chinese society? There are
the landlord class and the bourgeoisie, the landlord class and the upper
stratum of the bourgeoisie constituting the ruling classes in Chinese
society. And there are the proletariat, the peasantry, and the different
sections of the petty bourgeoisie other than the peasantry, all of which
are still the subject classes in vast areas of China.
The attitude and the stand of these classes towards the Chinese
revolution are entirely determined by their economic status in society.
Thus the motive forces as well as the targets and tasks of the revolution
are determined by the nature of China’s socio-economic system…..’
(ibid, 4)
44 People’s War-15 June 2019
 The Second Civil War – Protracted People’s War
After the defeat of 1927 revolution Mao took the initiative and
went to Chingkang Mountains with worker-peasant army and
intensified preparations for armed struggle. In the later period people’s
army forces went to Chingkang Mountains in the leadership of Chou En
Lai, Chute and others. The expedition of the worker peasant armies to
Chingkang Mountains paved the correct path for the advancement of
revolution. The Sixth Congress of the CPC was held in 1928 July. It
thoroughly criticized and rejected the right opportunist line of Chen.
But Chen distorted the party policy regarding United Front saying that
the CPC and the International were responsible for the failure of the
revolution. He formed an anti-Party clique with Trotskyites. Then the
Party boycotted Chen from the party in 1929 November. The party
decided to establish red government first in places where the worker-
peasant people were tempered in revolutionary wars and anti-feudal
struggles and worker-peasant organisations were formed. The
existence of the red government depends on the revolutionary
situation and the development of fundamental contradictions. Regular
red Army with enough numbers is a necessary precondition for its
development, spread and advancement and to guarantee the success
of revolution. Mao clearly stated that this and the existence of
Communist Party for its development is a decisive condition.
‘In the face of such enemies (imperialism and feudalism), there
arises the question of revolutionary base areas. Since China’s key cities
have long been occupied by the powerful imperialists and their
reactionary Chinese allies, it is imperative for the revolutionary ranks
to turn the backward villages into advanced, consolidated base areas,
into great military, political, economic and cultural bastions of the
revolution from which to fight their vicious enemies who are using the
cities for attacks on the rural districts, and in this way gradually to
achieve the complete victory of the revolution through protracted
fighting; it is imperative for them to do so if they do not wish to
compromise with imperialism and its lackeys but are determined to
fight on, and if they intend to build up and temper their forces, and
avoid decisive battles with a powerful enemy while their own strength

June 2019 People’s War-15 45

is inadequate. Such being the case, victory in the Chinese revolution
can be won first in the rural areas and this is possible because China’s
economic development is uneven (her economy not being a unified
capitalist economy), because her territory is extensive (which gives
the revolutionary forces room to man oeuvre), because the counter-
revolutionary camp is disunited and full of contradictions, and because
the struggle of the peasants who are the main force in the revolution is
led by the Communist Party, the party of the proletariat; but on the
other hand, these very circumstances make the revolution uneven and
render the task of winning complete victory protracted and arduous.
Clearly then the protracted revolutionary struggle in the revolutionary
base areas consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare led by the
Chinese Communist Party. Therefore, it is wrong to ignore the necessity
of using rural districts as revolutionary base areas, to neglect painstaking
work among the peasants, and to neglect guerrilla warfare.….’(ibid,
Chap-2.1).
LiLiSan ordered the red Army to start armed rebellions in all the
big cities all over the country in 1930 July and to attack and seize the
cities. This line ended within a short time. Thus the CPC faced another
wrong line of LiLiSan in the process of advancement of the movement.
LiLiSan and his associates denied realizing that there is unequal
development in China Revolution. They argued that the rebellions in
big cities create a countrywide revolutionary wave. They looked down
the peasant revolutionary struggle. They denied the unequal
development in world revolution. They did not take into view the
protracted character of the bourgeois democratic revolution of China.
They discarded the line of demarcation between the democratic
revolution and socialist revolution. Comrade Mao rectified these left
mistakes and saw that the Red Army in the Kiangsi revolutionary base
did not face any loss.
Mao further clarified about the line of Protracted People’s War
basing on the fundamental principles regarding the strategy and tactics
of the Red Army and characteristics of the Chinese revolution. Basing
on this line of PPW the CPC in the leadership of Mao defeated the
encirclement offensive of Chiang Ki-shek. Since it did not follow this
line it failed in defeating the fifth encirclement offensive.

46 People’s War-15 June 2019

 The counteroffensive of the Chiang Ki-shek armies began on 27th
December 1930. The Red Army concentrated its entire forces and made
surprise counter offensive in which two divisions of Chang army that
was the main force of the encircling armies were totally wiped out.
Later the Red Army chased the Tan army. The counter offensive ended
on 1st January 1931 the first encirclement ended.
In 1931 April Chiang Ki-shek sent another 2 lakh forces to the red
central area. During the 15 day campaign the people’s army walked a
distance of 350 kms, made 5 wars, smashed 30 thousand enemy forces.
It heroically fought in the 400 kms long war front and totally wiped out
the enemy. Thus the second encirclement offensive too was defeated.
Chiang Ki-shek conspired for the third time to encircle the Red
Army and eliminate it. He himself was in the command of three lakh
forces and made an attack in 1931 July. The Red Army took up harassment
actions on the enemy, wiped out 80 thousand forces in 3 wars and
achieved victory. Thus the third encirclement offensive too ended.
In the end of 1929 there was an unprecedented destructive level
of world economic crisis. It continued for three years and the industrial
crisis was entwined with agrarian crisis and the production crisis with
commercial and financial crises and declined the economic conditions
of the capitalist countries. Japan imperialists indulged in large scale
aggression on China from 18th September 1931.
The First worker-peasant-soldiers’ National Congress was held on
7th November 1931 in Jooychiyan in Kiangsi. It declared the foundation
of the central worker-peasant democratic government comrade Mao
was elected as the Chairman of the government, Comrade Chute the
Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army. This Congress ratified the
workers, democratic republic primary act, the agriculture act and acts
regarding economic policies. This victory was possible only because
the Red Army was molded into a strong people’s army in the first civil
war. Speaking about how the Red Army must work Mao said –
‘….The Chinese Red Army is an armed body for carrying out the
political tasks of the revolution. Especially at present, the Red Army
should certainly not confine itself to fighting; besides fighting to
destroy the enemy’s military strength, it should shoulder such important

June 2019 People’s War-15 47

tasks as doing propaganda among the masses, organizing the masses,
arming them, helping them to establish revolutionary political power
and setting up Party organizations. The Red Army fights not merely for
the sake of fighting but in order to conduct propaganda among the
masses, organize them, arm them, and help them to establish
revolutionary political power. Without these objectives, fighting loses
its meaning and the Red Army loses the reason for its existence…. (On
Correcting Mistaken Ideas in the Party” (December 1929), Selected
Works, Vol. I)
Anti-Japan national liberation war – United Front
This people’s government issued a war declaration against Japan
on 15th April 1932. The entire country turned favorable for revolution
and unfavorable to counter revolution. With the defeat of the third
encirclement campaign by the Communist Party and the occupation of
the North East area by Japan the movements for national independence
reached a new phase. But left line dominated the party in the 4th plenary
session of the 6th Central Committee of the CPC in 1931 January and so
due to sectarianism it did not initiate the National United Front against
Japan.
In the summer of 1931 Chiang Ki-shek mobilized 5 lakh forces and
began the fourth encirclement campaign. This campaign continued for
8 months from 1932 June to 1933 February. An entire division of the
enemy forces was wiped out and the fourth encirclement campaign
was heroically retaliated and defeated.
In 1933 October Chiang Ki-shek mobilized 10 lakh forces for the
fifth encirclement campaign. Half of the forces were deployed for direct
attack in the central red area. To counter it the Communist party started
a movement to expand the Red Army in the red area. It was successful
in sending one lakh workers and peasants to the war front. The Chinese
people formulated a fundamental program for anti-Japan war. In these
favorable conditions the Red Army was in a condition to defeat the
fifth encirclement campaign but the left opportunist leaders followed
wrong tactics and failed to utilize these favorable conditions. They
implemented positional warfare unrelated to the balance of forces or
conditions. So the Red Army faced severe losses. After sustaining the

48 People’s War-15 June 2019

fight for 9 months ultimately the Red Army left all the base areas and
retreated.
In 1934 October the Red Army took up the famous Long March that
shook the world. It occupied few counties on its way, defeated the
Kuomintang armies, crossed the River Huki Yang and occupied Oon Yi in
1935 January. The Sun-Yi Conference was held in 1935 January. This
Conference rejected the left military line and approved the correct
line proposed by Mao. New leadership was established in the
leadership of Comrade Mao. During the period of 12 months from 1934
October to 1935 October the central Red Army in the leadership of Mao
took up the Long March covering a distance of 12,500 kms passing
through 11 states and reached the base area in Northern Shensi. The
Red Army planted revolutionary seedlings all through its way.
After fascist dictatorship was established in Nanking the
Kuomintang counter revolutionaries and bureaucratic capitalists seized
economic monopoly and started to get organized. The four big families
of Chiang Ki-shek, Tee Vee Sung, Hech Kung and Chen represented it.
Their monopoly activities were centralized around four big banks. These
four big families were the big landlords in the agricultural sector. The
four families were infamous for their loot and exploitation of the people
and the wealth of the country and their blood thirst with their monopoly
on finance, commerce, industries and agriculture. The Chiang Ki-shek
ruling clique sold away the sovereignty of China in exchange to the
foreign help and sustained its reactionary hegemony. The imperialists
completed changing China into a colonial market during the reactionary
rule of this clique.
In 1935 the Japan aggressors started a new offensive on North
China and turned the country into their colony.
With the sharpening of national crisis the anti-Japan movement
reached new heights in China. At a moment when China fell in the
danger of being absolutely destructed the Central Committee of the
CPC gave a call on 1st August 1935 to unite against the common enemy
in spite of political differences and interests and differences in the
past or in the present and released the ‘appeal to fellow countrymen
to resist Japan and preserve the country’. The statement appealed the

June 2019 People’s War-15 49

worker-peasant democratic government, the Red Army, other anti-
Japan forces and all the people that wish to resist Japan and protect
China jointly establish a united national self-defense government and
anti-Japan friendly army.
Guerilla war developed independently and freely in the rear of
the enemy ranks so as the anti-Japan forces develop and anti-Japan
base areas are created. The anti-Japan democratic governments in the
leadership of the Communists implemented political, economic and
cultural reforms in the interests of the people in the anti-Japan base
areas.
As a result of implementation of this line the Party opened a broad
warfront against the Japan aggressors in the liberated areas from 1937
to 1940 overcoming the stage of strategic self-defense (from 1937 July
to 1938 winter) and the stage of strategic stalemate (from 1938 winter).
Thus it overcame the utmost difficult situation of 1941 and 1942 with
the multipronged offensive from the Japan armies, puppet forces and
Kuomintang forces and stood stably. As a part of the strategic counter
offensive that started from 1943 January it gradually diminished the
enemy occupied areas, transformed the liberated areas into strategic
base areas for final offensive and took up partial counter offensive.
On the occasion of the final stage of the anti-Japan war in 1945
Comrade Mao said – ‘The Chinese people heartily welcome the Soviet
government’s declaration of war on Japan on August 8. The Soviet
Union’s action will very much shorten the war against Japan. The war is
already in its last stage and the time has come to inflict final defeat on
the Japanese aggressors and all their running dogs. In these
circumstances, all the anti-Japanese forces of the Chinese people
should launch a nationwide counter-offensive in close and effective
co-ordination with the operations of the Soviet Union and the other
allied countries. The Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and the
other armed forces of the people should seize every opportunity to
launch extensive attacks on all the invaders and their running dogs
who refuse to surrender, annihilate their forces, capture their arms
and matériel, vigorously expand the Liberated Areas and reduce the
areas under enemy occupation. We must boldly form armed working

50 People’s War-15 June 2019

teams which, by hundreds and by thousands, should penetrate deep
into the rear of the enemy-occupied areas, organize the people to
wreck the enemy’s communication lines and fight in co-ordination with
the regular armies. We must boldly arouse the people in the occupied
areas in their tens of millions and immediately organize underground
forces to prepare armed uprisings and to annihilate the enemy in co-
ordination with the troops attacking from without. Meanwhile, the
consolidation of the Liberated Areas must not be neglected. Among
the 100 million people there, and among the people in all other areas
as they are liberated, we should universally carry out the reduction of
rent and interest this winter and next spring, increase production, build
up the people’s political power and armed forces, intensify militia work,
strengthen army discipline, persistently develop the united front of
all sections of the people and guard against waste of manpower and
material resources. All this is designed to put more punch into our
army’s offensive against the enemy. The people of the whole country
must be on their guard to avert the danger of civil war and make efforts
to bring about the formation of a democratic coalition government. A
new stage in China’s war of national liberation has arrived, and the
people of the whole country must strengthen their unity and struggle
for final victory (The last round with the Japanese invaders, MSW, Vol-
III).
New revolutionary wave took over the entire country. Russia
declared war on Japan on 8th August 1945. This increased the enthusiasm
for resistance among the people of China. Chute ordered the forces to
advance on 10th August. On 14th Japan surrendered unconditionally. It
signed on the surrender agreement on 2 nd September with the
unconditional surrender of Japan on 2nd September 1945 the anti-Japan
resistance war ended. At the same time the World War II also ended.
The great help from Russia and international revolutionary forces
contributed a lot in the success of the anti-Japan fascist people’s war of
resistance against the Japanese fascists. In the period of two months
from August 11th to October 10th the Chinese People’s Liberation Army
liberated 2 crore people living in an area of 3 lakh square kilometers
there were 190 cities also in this area. It either wiped out or injured 2
lakh 30 thousand forces. Liberated areas expanded. The Central

June 2019 People’s War-15 51

Committee gave a call to the people and the squads in the liberated
areas to take up wide production campaign. It mobilized the people in
all ways for this purpose.
When fierce struggle was going on against the Japanese aggressors
the CC in the leadership of Mao took up the famous rectification
campaign in 1942 as Marxist-Leninist education campaign with the
objective to eliminate non-proletarian ideas that were obstructing the
implementation of the party line and policies. This was mainly targeted
at the subjective trend towards the method of study, the sectarian
trends in work style, the routine method in literary work. It wiped out
the theoretical dogmatic influences in the Party since 1931. It helped
the new members to shed their petty bourgeois class perspective. It
greatly enhanced the theoretical standard of the party. The entire party
achieved unique unity. It assured the implementation of the political
line of the party. It helped to overcome the utmost difficulties and
losses of the party in the anti-Japan war. It laid the theoretical basis to
hold the 7th Congress of the party.
The proletariat practiced the correct policy of developing the
advanced forces in the country; win over the intermediary forces and
isolating the diehards abiding by the Marxist-Leninist principle of having
the independence and initiative in its hands in the United Front in
order to take the anti-Japan war towards victory, i.e. the people’s
victory. Due to this correct policy the entire party, army and the people
of the liberated areas followed correct political and military lines
formulated by the CC of the CPC. Due to this policy the anti-Japan
forces of the people of China developed during the period of the war
of resistance in spite of several difficulties and defeats. They went
through three phases of ‘increase, fall and again increase’. Final victory
was won on the aggressors with the unity of the working class,
peasantry, petty bourgeois class, national bourgeoisie and a section of
the landlords and comprador capitalists under the leadership of the
CPC.
The great victory achieved by the Soviet Union in World War II, the
defeat of the three fascist countries of Germany, Italy and Japan, the
decline of Britain and France, the isolation of the US imperialism, the

52 People’s War-15 June 2019

emergence of people’s democracies in East Europe and the expansion
of national liberation movements in colonial countries, all these are
the important aspects in the international situation that contributed
to the victory of Chinese revolution. The post war international condition
was against the US aggressors and Chinese reactionaries and favorable
for the struggle of the people of china against them.
The Third Civil War
Kuomintang rejected the call of the CPC for the formation of peace
and coalition government. As a part of its preparations for civil war the
Kuomintang established protection camps with the objective to encircle
the liberated areas with 13 lakhs of its forces in the end of May 1946.
They made attacks in thousands, occupied towns and villages and on
17th June Chiang Ki-shek demanded that the CPC agree to his conditions.
The mediation of the US was merely planned to gain time for war
preparations. Moreover the US stated that it shall not withdraw its
forces from China. It also instigated it. It worked as the advanced guard
or the Kuomintang army. The CPC exposed their conspiracies through
propaganda and agitation. The CPC has an army of 12 lakhs. There was
13 crores of population in the liberated areas. Chiang Ki-shek unleashed
16 lakhs of regular army to take up fierce attack to wipe out the Red
Army at one blow.
The Chinese reactionaries and the US imperialists over assessed
their strength and under assessed that of the people and the PLA. PLA
adopted self-defense strategy and defeated the full-fledged
centralized attacks of the Kuomintang army. It took up counteroffensive
from 1946 July to 1947 February for 8 months and created severe loss to
the enemy. With this the enemy was pushed into a situation to take up
centralized counter offensive from March 1947. This led to see-saw
kind of war. PLA wiped out the main forces of the enemy in three very
big campaigns in 1947 April. After fierce struggle it ultimately defeated
the centralized offensive of the enemy. The Kuomintang forces fell
down from 43 lakhs to 37 lakhs by 1947. The PLA increased from 12
lakhs to 20 lakhs. The Kuomintang reactionaries were pushed into a
situation of strategic self-defense. The patriotic democratic movement
in Kuomintang occupied areas further strengthened and became a

June 2019 People’s War-15 53

wave. This movement and the armed struggles in the liberated areas
developed into revolutionary warfronts. The people demanded the
US Army to go back and that the US stops all kinds of help to the
Kuomintang. The people’s revolutionary forces were in a stage of self-
defense for more than 20 years and transformed to the stage of strategic
counter offensive. There was a strategic fundamental change in war
conditions and the PLA penetrated into the Kuomintang controlled
area in the exterior. Liberated areas expanded. Ten crore farmers gained
land in the liberated areas within one year of formulated the agrarian
law. Enthused with obtaining land the peasants participated
enthusiastically in the peasant war. The active support of the peasant
masses in the war of liberation laid political foundation to achieve
countrywide victory. In 1949 September the China people’s political
consultation convention met for the first time and changed as the form
of organisation of the people’s democratic United Front. The
revolutionary United Front was further expanded and consolidated
and the people of China achieved great victories in the political sphere.
In addition to the party and people’s army the united front assured
the great victory of the war of resistance in order to liberate the whole
country the PLA crossed River Yangzi on 21st April 1949 and advanced
towards the North West direction. The war ended with the liberation
of Nanking and the end of reactionary rule. By the end of 1949 except
for Tibet the main part of China’s land was liberated. This is what Mao
said about this victory –
‘……A well-disciplined Party armed with the theory of Marxism-
Leninism, using the method of self-criticism and linked with the masses
of the people, an army under the leadership of such a Party; a united
front of all revolutionary classes and all revolutionary groups under
the leadership of such a Party — these are the three main weapons
with which we have defeated the enemy. (‘On people’s democratic
dictatorship’, MSW, Vol – IV)
Formation of New Democratic state
The new government was formed on 1st October 1949. The people’s
political consultation convention elected Comrade Mao as the
Chairman, Chute, Li Shao Chi and Soong Ching Ling as Vice-Chairmen.
Chairman Mao emotionally declared the foundation of people’s
54 People’s War-15 June 2019
democratic republic of China and that of the central people’s
government. Immediately after the formation of the republic Mao
visited Soviet Russia. During the two months he spent there he held
deliberations with Stalin and various documents of historic importance
were signed. The International Communist Movement too realized
the importance of the path of Chinese revolution regarding colonial
and semi-colonial countries during the period.
Thus the theory of New Democratic Revolution, the linen of
Protracted People’s War that Mao developed was recognized as the
Marxist-Leninist universal theory. It started to be a guide to genuine
revolutionaries of the colonial and semi-colonial countries.
As soon as the NDR was made successfully the CPC took up the
great historic task of molding the Chinese society into the Socialist
path under the new democratic dictatorship.
Socialist transformation – Construction of Socialist society
In 1949, when New Democratic Revolution was accomplished in
China, Communist Party of China took up the policy of ‘three years of
preparation and ten years of planned economic construction’ in the
guidance of Mao. Consequently, by 1956 individual ownership was
basically abolished in agriculture, handicrafts, capitalist industries,
trade and instruments of production. Collective method came into
practice in agriculture all over the country. Socialist transformation
was completed primarily and Socialist society was formed in China by
1956. Socialist transformation was completed and Socialist society was
established. New Democratic state of China turned into a Socialist
state.
Basing on the policy of ‘self-reliance’, the movements of ‘Great
Leap Forward’ and ‘Grasp Revolution, Promote Production’ were taken
up in Socialist China in the guidance of Mao. Depending on agriculture
and industry with the industry as the leading factor (walking on two
legs), it brought forward the policy of advancing with independent
technology, indigenous sources and the people of the country by
coordinating class struggle, struggle for production and scientific
experiment. There were revolutionary socialist changes in agricultural,
industrial and service sectors. People’s Communes were established.

June 2019 People’s War-15 55

The living standards of the workers and peasants improved to a
considerable scale. Unemployment was abolished. Everyone was
assured of work. There was a revolutionary change in family relations,
especially in the lives of women and children. By following correct
Marxist-Leninist policies for solving the nationality question the
nationalities developed comprehensively and also played an active
role in the construction of Socialism. Socialist China followed the correct
proletarian foreign policy and also played the correct role as an
international proletarian revolutionary base.
During this period i.e. in 1956 the CPSU brought forth the poisonous
revisionist theory of ‘Peaceful transformation to Socialism’, ‘peaceful
competition’ and ‘peaceful coexistence’ in its 20th Congress against
which the CPC in the leadership of Mao took up prolonged, principled,
comprehensive internal struggle for seven years in the bilateral party
forums, especially in the meeting of 60 fraternal parties in 1957 and of
80 fraternal parties in 1960. This struggle came into the open and
continued all through 1964. This open struggle came to be the famous
Great Debate. As a part of it the CPC described Stalin as a great Marxist-
Leninist and genuine revolutionary in its comment of ‘historic
experience of this proletarian dictatorship’. The ‘June 14 th letter’
answered many questions like the fundamental contradictions in the
world, friends and foes, the objectives of the movement, the paths of
achieving victory of the World Socialist Revolution and many such things.
Thus it released nine comments regarding neo-colonialism, war and
peace, peaceful coexistence, the Yugoslavian question, Khrushchev
revisionism and its lessons and other such and developed the science
of Marxism-Leninism to a higher stage. Through the Great Debate the
CPC handed over the general revolutionary path for the International
Communist Movement and fulfilled its international task as the
mobilizing centre of worldwide revolutionaries.
When revisionism came forth in Russia the ‘theory of forces of
production’ in the leadership of Li Shao Chi gradually strengthened in
the CPC in China. The revisionist understanding of the General Secretary
Li Shao chi dominated the 8 th Congress of the CPC. It praised the
revisionist resolution of the 20th Congress of the CPSU in its report to
the Congress. Thus there was constant struggle between the
56 People’s War-15 June 2019
revolutionary policy of Mao and the bourgeois opportunist policy of Li
Shao Chi.
In 1956 the movements against the line of Peng Te-huai that
accused the ‘great leap forward for advancement’ that the CPC initiated
in the leadership of Mao and gave the slogans of ‘Oppose going forward
aggressively’, ‘great leap forward is petty bourgeois frenzy’, ‘eagerness
to enter into Communism in one step’ criticizing it and encouraged
capitalism in the economic sphere and the movement against the lines
of Kao Kang and Jiao Shu-shi consolidated Socialism.
Mao challenged the ‘theory of forces of production’ of Li Shao Chi
and Deng in the 3 rd plenum of the 8th CC. He stated that the main
contradictor in the Socialist society shall be that between the bourgeois
class and the proletariat. The meaning of the ‘theory of forces of
production’ is to give importance to modernization, profit and to
enhance the productive capacity through objective incentives against
class struggle. This theory was brought forth by the modern revisionists
against proletarian revolution, proletarian dictatorship and socialist
construction. There were internal theoretical struggles from time to
time against such right opportunist trends in the party and people’s
government. However support to these wrong trends in the magazines,
criticizing Mao, attack through articles, dramas and cultural
performances, halting or diverting the implementation of vital
decisions taken by the CC (for example the liquidation of the decision
to take up cultural revolution in the 10th plenum of the CC in 1962) went
on continuously. Then Mao realized the danger of capitalist restoration
in China and wrote several articles and strengthened the foundations
for theoretical struggle against modern revisionism. The severe internal
struggle that took place in CPC took a people’s form since the end of
1964. There was an open people’s struggle between the broad
oppressed masses in the leadership of proletarian revolutionaries led
by Mao and the bourgeois camp that occupied vital positions in the
party in the leadership of Li Shao Chi. This is the Great Proletarian
Cultural Revolution.
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (GPCR)
The CC of the CPC brought out a circular on September 16th in 1966

June 2019 People’s War-15 57

in the guidance of Mao explaining the objective, theory, line, principles,
program and method of the GPCR. The circular directed that the
revolution must be aimed at capitalist roaders. It elected a committee
to take up the revolution. The CPC described it as ‘revolution in the
superstructure’. The aims of the GPCR were to – continue Socialist
revolution in the leadership of the proletariat and revolutionise the
people’s perspective-successfully continue the construction of
Socialism; create the necessary conditions to achieve Communism in
China; efficiently fulfill its task as the international proletarian base
area so as to make the World Socialist Revolution as soon as possible;
totally eliminate the chances for the seizure of power by the overthrown
classes; to destroy their dreams and attempts for restoration of
capitalism; and continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the
proletariat. Its immediate task was to destroy the capitalist centre that
gained place in the party leadership and re-capture the leadership that
the capitalist roaders took hold of threw people’s strength.
The Cultural Revolution could accomplish its immediate task in
three years. The 9th Congress of the CPC was successfully held in 1969
hailing the successful revolution in the leadership of Mao, with the
objective of consolidating the results of revolution and advancing
towards the construction of Communist society. The world revolutionary
proletariat achieved the below mentioned great experience from the
GPCR that took place in the leadership of Mao –
‘.....Socialist society covers a fairly long historical period. In the
historical period of socialism there are still classes, class contradictions
and class struggle, there is the struggle between the socialist road and
the capitalist road, and there is the danger of capitalist restoration. We
must recognise the protracted and complex nature of this struggle. We
must heighten our vigi-lance. We must conduct socialist education. We
must correctly understand and handle class contradictions and class
struggle, distinguish the contradictions between ourselves and the
enemy from those among the people, and handle them correctly.
Otherwise a socialist country like ours will turn into its opposite and
degenerate, and a capitalist restoration will take place.’.
Several new forms of struggle and organisation came forth during

58 People’s War-15 June 2019

the Cultural Revolution. There was revolutionary socialist
transformation in the class relations. There were revolutionary changes
in the super structural aspects. Vital changes came forth regarding
issues like that between the villages and towns, between physical
labor and mental labor, between women and men, in executing work
in industries etc. ‘New Socialist’ aspects came forth in education,
democratization, industries, agriculture, fighting against patriarchal
domination, removing inequalities between women and men, health
care, culture and military spheres. The Cultural Revolution destroyed
the bourgeois headquarters that was in the leadership of Li Shao Chi.
At the same time several ‘left opportunists’ came forth in the high
level in the party and army and so the 9th Congress decided to take up
Cultural Revolution against the left trends, commandism and
bureaucracy. With the exposure of Chen Pota along with the conspiracy
of the ‘leftists’ to appoint Lin Piao as the President of the People’s
Republic of China in the 2nd plenum of the 9th CC in 1970 September he
was expelled from the party. The impact of Lin Piao came under control
with the expulsion of few leftists from vital posts in the Army. Later
there was struggle against the leftist jargon, over hero worship of Mao
and against Lin Piao who played the main role in encouraging the hero
worship and brought forth the ‘genius’ theory. With no way to fulfill
his aspirations to seize leadership of China Lin Piao ultimately planned
to murder Mao and seize power through military coup. This was
exposed. He died on his way of escape to Social-imperialist Soviet
Union in a plane accident in Mongolia. Thus the 2 nd bourgeois
headquarters was destroyed.
Thus GPCR avoided restoration of capitalism for ten years and also
handed over great experiences regarding construction of Socialism for
the humankind to go towards Communism.
Thus In the leadership of the great Marxist teacher Mao, the
Communist Party of China built a society in this world with no
considerable disparities within three decades. The workers, peasants,
military, women, students, intellectuals and other oppressed masses
worked hard to transform their motherland into a modern industrial
country and an very advanced political, economic, social system where

June 2019 People’s War-15 59

each and everyone gets free medical care and free education. They
developed the country into the sixth biggest industrial productive force.
The situation after capitalist restoration in China
As long as there exists capitalist-imperialist system and its
comprador reactionary ruling classes on this earth there shall exist
chances for the rise of such persons in the Socialist society. These
classes constantly try to bring forth capitalism and bourgeois class in
Socialism. The exploitative culture, traditions and habits of the old
society that disrupt the Socialist economic base shall continue to exist
in the superstructure. Thus the capitalist economic base and capitalist
superstructure develop jointly. Until imperialism is buried in the earth
and until Socialism achieves worldwide success there exists the basis
for these conditions. Few capitalist roaders who seized top positions
in the CPC exactly used these conditions and indulged in the restoration
of capitalism in a planned manner. Through the Cultural Revolution in
1966-76 the revolutionary faction of the CPC in the leadership of Mao
fought back this plan for ten years. However Mao, a little later Chou En
Lai and another three associates of Mao and famous senior leaders in
the party died in a period of one year in 1976 and this favored the
capitalist roaders. The revolutionary forces could not continue the
revolution according to the teaching of Mao until the end, i.e. the
establishment of Communism. The modern revisionist Hua-Deng traitor
clique utilized this opportunity and seized highest level power in the
party, army and government through counter revolutionary conspiracy.
This traitor clique waived the red flag of Mao Tse-tung Thought and
strengthened its position in the party in the utmost devious way. This
modern revisionist traitor clique firstly put up the veil of revolutionary
ideology utilizing the name of Mao to disarm the people theoretically
and ideologically. They molded the people ideologically for restoring
capitalism in a vicious manner. The Deng clique utilized the imperialists,
Soviet Union Social imperialists, domestic and foreign reactionaries. It
mercilessly suppressed all the associates of Mao and the people’s
resistance to see that their capitalist way is not stopped. Within three
years they turned the Communist party into a revisionist party and the
proletarian dictatorship into bourgeois dictatorship and the socialist
country into capitalist country. The proletariat of the world once again
60 People’s War-15 June 2019
faced a historic defeat.
Immediately after seizing power the modern revisionists
implemented capitalist reforms in phases in the country. In the
leadership of revisionist Deng the entire economy of China was state
capitalism. In the ‘reforms’ taken up later, the state monopoly capitalism
in china was partially transformed into private monopoly capitalism.
Gradually the government and private monopoly capitalist
organisations gained hegemony on the country’s economy and became
the most powerful in the world. Today they became ‘global players’.
The owners of these companies are the CC members of the CPC and
their family members. They are referred as ‘red capitalists’ in the world.
Thus China now became the second biggest economy of the world.
The monopoly industrial capital and monopoly bank capital
together led to a large scale accumulation of financial capital. Few
financial capitalists emerged with hegemony on this. Four of the ten
biggest banks of the world are Chinese. With the world imperialist
falling into the mire of economic crisis since 2008 the Chinese
imperialist came forth as a major exporter of capital. It not only is
giving loans to several capitalist and imperialist countries but attained
the third place among the very big capitalists lending the US. It is making
large scale export of capital to Asia, Africa and Latin American countries.
Apart from the capitalist countries it is also exporting war equipment
and capital to the backward countries, making unequal trade and looting
the natural resources of the backward countries and thus became the
enemy of the oppressed people and nationalities of the world.
Internationally the China imperialists have a rising hold on several
economic and military blocks like the Shanghai Cooperation
Organisation (SCO) and BRICS. Apart from this China also rose to be a
politically and militarily powerful country in the world. Today China
has the second big military budget in the world. It is also the 5th biggest
country having nuclear energy. The Chinese monopoly organisations
occupy the 5th place in the world arms market. China is the 3rd biggest
exporter of arms. It has a modern drone program.
China is contending with US imperialism. It is militarily intervening
in many forms in several countries. It is lending active support to the

June 2019 People’s War-15 61

comprador local governments in suppressing the civil wars, people’s
rebellions, national liberation struggles and revolutionary struggles.
In Chad it brought down the government that was not in favor of the
Chinese imperialists and formed a favorable government. It decided
to increase the 20 thousand naval forces to one lakh for Gwadar port in
Pakistan (of Baluchistan) area) and in Djibouti military logistics base in
the Indian Ocean. China has military alliances in at least six African
countries including Sudan, Algeria, Nigeria and Egypt. The role of China
Social-imperialism is increasing day by day in the world imperialist
economy, in the re-division of world among the imperialists and in
neo-colonial forms of exploitation leading to new developments. Our
party stated in 2017 that these developments are in according to the
general and fundamental characters of imperialism as defined by
Comrade Lenin and that China turned to be a Social-imperialist country
since 2014.
Comrade Mao inherited Marxism-Leninism through the Russian
October Revolution and brought a third great leap in its development
by making considerable additions to the three components of the
proletarian science-Marxism. He achieved this leap with the application
of the fundamental principles of Marxism-Leninism to the concrete
practice of Chinese revolution and the world proletarian revolutions
and formulating the correct line and by making the scientific
formulations necessary to advance the World Socialist Revolution in
the process of continuing struggle with firm will in several internal
struggles in the CPC, especially against the right and the ‘left’
opportunism in three main struggles and against the Soviet modern
revisionism. He thus preserved and enriched Marxism-Leninism. He
brought a qualitative development in the dialectical understanding
about theory of knowledge, contradictions, forces of production-
relations of production, theory-practice, economic base-superstructure,
matter-consciousness and other such things.
Marxism-Leninism says that the fundamental issue of revolution
is to seize political power. The central task of revolution is to seize
political power through the highest form armed strength. Mao
combined this Marxist universal truth with the concrete practice of
China revolution. He formulated the correct line by fighting against
62 People’s War-15 June 2019
several wrong right and ‘left’ opportunist lines. He developed the weak
and small force into a strong Communist Party. He led the people in
revolutionary struggles and revolutionary wars in extremely long,
severe, difficult, complex paths with twists and turns. He advanced
towards victory from several defeats. He proved through the success
of revolution in China that the political strategy of revolutions in the
colonial and semi-colonial countries in the present conditions is New
Democratic Revolution and the military strategy or the line to be
Protracted People’s War. He developed the revolutionary military
science.
Mao stated the importance of the three magnificent weapons, the
Party, People’s Army and Revolutionary United Front and the importance
of the principle of democratic centralism and developed the
organizational line, class line and mass line. He developed proletarian
perspective on nationality question and woman’s question in the era
of imperialism. He took the Marxist perspective regarding art and
culture to new heights. He personally led the construction of Socialism
in China and greatly developed the Socialist political economy. Even
though Socialism achieved success in China he said that the defeated
class still exists, that it shall certainly challenge Socialism, that we
cannot say this to be the final victory until many decades and so we
should not discard alertness. He developed the theory to continue
revolution through Cultural Revolution in order to avoid the restoration
of capitalism and to strengthen the Socialist system and proletarian
dictatorship with the objective to advance towards worldwide
Communism. He gave the slogan of ‘philosophy is not utopian’ and
molded philosophy into a weapon in the hands of the people. Through
all these he once again proved that Marxism is not a dogma but a guide
to practice.
The success of Chinese revolution clearly shows that ebbs and
flows are natural in revolution but the final victory is for the people. As
revolutionary communists today we have to highlight the past China
and condemn the present China. We must expose the class nature of
revisionist China Social-imperialism, pointing out the historic truth that
it shall inevitably collapse like the capitalist imperialism and advancing
the World Socialist revolution with the objective to eliminate
June 2019 People’s War-15 63
imperialism, all kinds of revisionism and counter revolutionaries from
this earth is the immediate task of the world proletariat today. The
international conditions are very much favorable to this.
With the inspiration from the China revolution we have to develop
appropriate tactics according to the changing conditions in the semi-
colonial, semi-feudal society and in the revolutionary movement. But
a few persons sitting in a room away from the revolutionary movement
cannot formulate correct and strong tactics for the Communist party.
They come forth only in severe class struggles, in the process of
participating in people’s war and people’s struggles and in taking up
deep theoretical and political struggles against several wrong reformist,
economist, right opportunist revisionist and postmodernist trends. It
means correct, strong tactics of struggle shall be formulated only
through practical experience and proper assessment of the class forces.
For this purpose we have to understand the conditions of the society
in all times. We have to take up direct study into the situation. This is
the Marxist-Leninist-Maoist style of combining theory with practice
and that of bringing out truth from facts. Only this guarantees the
success of revolution. On the occasion of the 70th Anniversary of Chinese
revolution, as the inheritors of China revolution and the vanguard of
the proletariat build strong anti-feudal, anti-imperialist people’s
struggles all over the country with the objective to advance the Indian
New Democratic Revolution on the basis of worker-peasant alliance in
the light of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism! Mobilise the women, Dalits,
tribal people, religious minorities and other such oppressed sections
and the nationalities of Kashmir and North East with the aim to defeat
the rising Brahmanic Hindu fascism in the country and build broad and
militant people’s movements and resistance struggles! Intensify and
expand guerilla war in the strategic areas in the path of Protracted
People’s War and seize area wise state power in waves! Overthrow the
three great mountains – imperialism, comprador bureaucratic
bourgeois and big landlord classes that are stamping the people of
India and establish the New Democratic system as the United Front of
the oppressed classes, oppressed sections and oppressed nationalities!
Pledge to ultimately establish Socialism-Communism all over the
world!

64 People’s War-15 June 2019

 Greetings to the 70th Anniversary celebrations of the New
Democratic Revolution of China!
 Down with the various kinds of revisionism!
 Down with China Social-imperialism!
 Long live the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of China!
 Long live Marxism-Leninism-Maoism!
 Long live World Socialist Revolution!

Class struggle, the struggle for production, and scien-

tific experiment are the three great revolutionary move-
ments for building a mighty socialist country. These
movements are a sure guarantee that Communists
will be free from bureaucracy and immune against re-
visionism and dogmatism, and will forever remain in-
vincible. They are a reliable guarantee that the prole-
tariat will be able to unite with the broad working
masses and realise a democratic dictatorship. If, in
the absence of these movements, the landlords, rich
peasants, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements and
ogres of all kinds were alIowed to crawl out, while our
cadres were to shut their eyes to all this, and in many
cases fail even to differentiate between the enemy and
ourselves but were to collaborate with the enemy and
become corrupted and demoralised, if our cadres were
thus dragged into the enemy camp or the enemy were
able to sneak into our ranks, and if many of our work-
ers, peasants and intellectuals were left defenceless
against both the soft and the hard tactics of the en-
emy - then it would not take long, perhaps only sev-
eral years or a decade, or several decades at most,
before a counter-revolutionary restoration on a national
scale inevitably occurred, the Marxist-Leninist Party
would undoubtedly become a revisionist party or a
fascist party, and the whole of China would change its
colour.
- Mao

June 2019 People’s War-15 65

 Correctly Handle the Relationship between
Collective Leadership and Individual Responsibility

(Democratic centralism is a principle of organisation in our Party.

There is a serious problem in dealing with the relations between the
individual and the collective at various levels of Party Committees in
implementing democratic centralism. This is also an important guarantee
in implementing collective leadership in the party. We request to
comprehensively study this article from ‘A Basic understanding of the
Communist Party of China’ to develop theoretical understanding in this
regard. This book was first published in Chinese in 1974 by the People’s
Publishing House, Shanghai. The English translation from the French
one of 1976 was published by Norman Bethune Institute of Toronto,
Canada in 1978. The article is in Pages 87-91 - Editorial Board).
One of the important questions posed in the Party by democratic
centralism concerns the implementation of a system which combines
collective leadership with individual responsibility — this constitutes
a practical application of the Party’s mass line in methods of leadership.
What does it mean to combine collective leadership with
individual responsibility? Chairman Mao has stated: “All important
problems (of course, not the unimportant, trivial problems, or problems
whose solutions have already been decided after discussion at
meetings and need only be carried out) must be submitted to the
committee for discussion, and the committee members present should
express their views fully and reach definite decisions which should
then be carried out by the members concerned.” Chairman Mao also
shed light on the principles for applying this system: “Important powers
are concentrated, and less important ones spread out. The decisions of
the Party committee are implemented in all spheres. If those who
implement are also those who decide, we will not depart from principle.
The Party committee is responsible for control of the work.” This
directive very well explains the system of combining collective
leadership with individual responsibility, and shows us how to handle
correctly the relationship between the two.

66 People’s War-15 June 2019

 The strengthening of collective leadership is an important
precondition for the implementation of democratic centralism in the
Party; an important guarantee for the establishment of the Party’s
centralized leadership. The Party committees at all levels are bodies
which exercise centralized leadership. However, Party leadership is a
collective leadership and does not come from the arbitrary decisions
of particular individuals. It is only by conscientiously implementing
the system of collective leadership that we can correctly practice
democratic centralism in the Party, and that the committees of the
Party can fully play their role as nuclei of leadership in correctly carrying
out all tasks. In general, there is a limit to how well a single individual
can think about a question and analyses it, so that when decisions on
important questions are made by one individual, it is difficult for him
not to be subjective and one-sided. Only if we practice collective
leadership, if the members of the Party committee reflect the opinions
of the Party members and the masses in all their aspects, if they study
and discuss questions from every point of view and in depth, will we
be able to concentrate the wisdom of the masses to arrive at correct
ideas, make decisions that conform to objective reality and avoid or
diminish the risk of error. At the same time, this enables the leading
members of the Party organisations to learn from each other and to
move forward together.
Collective leadership must also be combined with individual
responsibility. To adhere to collective leadership does not mean to
deny the role of the individual. On the contrary, under collective
leadership it is necessary that individuals fully play their role. Practicing
the system of individual responsibility and fully bringing into play the
role of individuals concretizes and ensures the realization of the
collective leadership. At the regional level, as at the unit level, it is the
Party that leads everything — it has an enormous amount of work. If
the questions discussed and collectively resolved by the Party
organisations are not divided up among individuals who take charge of
them we run the risk of finding ourselves in a situation in which nobody
is responsible for the work, an impossible situation for the Party to
exercise its leadership.

June 2019 People’s War-15 67

 This is why “we must take care that neither collective leadership
nor personal responsibility is over-emphasized to the neglect of the
other.” We must not only oppose important questions being decided
on an individual basis, we must also oppose the tendency to avoid
responsibility, the tendency to discuss everything — large matters and
small — in meetings. Other harmful practices must be opposed as well.
In order to put into practice the combination of collective leadership
and individual responsibility, the Party committee system must be
strengthened. Chairman Mao has said: “The Party committee system is
an important Party institution for ensuring collective leadership and
preventing any individual from monopolizing the conduct of affairs.”
In certain units, the leading members of the Party organisations often
claim that they are too busy to hold meetings, and they use this as a
pretext to replace collective discussion in Party committee meetings
by particular meetings with a small number of members. In other units,
the Party organisations call “joint conferences” of several sectors to
deal with questions which should be discussed and dealt with in the
meetings of the Party committee. Thus, they mix up the relationship
between Party organisations and others, which is a relationship of
leader to lead. These various practices are contrary to the principle of
collective Party leadership, and must absolutely be corrected. Careful
preparation for each Party committee meeting must be made in
advance in order that discussion can be carried out in detail. If there
are divergent views, they must be put forward and discussed in depth
before arriving at a decision. When a question is not clear and cannot
be sorted out right away, we must not come to hasty conclusions but
rather must continue to study and investigate, and put the decision off
until the situation becomes clear and a common view is reached.
In order to implement the system of combining collective
leadership with individual responsibility, it is also necessary to correctly
handle the relationship between the secretary and the committee
members, between the individual and the collective. Both the secretary
and the other members must think in terms of collective leadership;
the secretary must not sort out everything himself, the committee
members must not wait for someone else to take care of things —
everyone must come under the collective leadership. The relationship

68 People’s War-15 June 2019

between the secretary and the members of a committee is the
relationship of the minority to the majority and, in Party Committee
meetings, the secretary must place himself on the same level as the
others, give his opinions, and discuss problems on an equal footing
with the others; he must not place himself above the committee, nor
deal with matters in any way he wants. The secretary is also a “squad
leader,” he must lead the men of his “squad” in battle, and play a central
role in preparing, convening and conducting the meetings, and should
encourage the members to democratically discuss the problems, to
draw a conclusion after all have given their opinions, etc. He must
therefore give everyone the right to speak, instead of monopolizing
the floor himself, be able to listen to all the different opinions, be
modest and prudent, and treat others as his equals. He must be able to
do organizational and propaganda work among his own “squad
members” and unify their thinking on the basis of Marxism-Leninism-
Mao Tse Tung Thought, and the Party’s line, orientation and political
principles. Finally, if there are shortcomings in his work, or if he makes
mistakes, he must come forward to take the responsibility himself. All
committee members, whether they are old or new cadres, must strive
to make the Party committee into a strong, militant collective. They
must take an interest in all the work, play an active part in the collective
leadership, and contribute to making the committee a potent force.
We must oppose the dependent mentality that “the secretary decides
and the members act accordingly,” the tendency not to courageously
take charge of the work which has been assigned to us, and we must
also combat the negative attitude of being interested only in one’s
own work and acting as if one is not involved when the work of others
is being discussed.
When it becomes time to implement the resolutions of the Party
committee, and each member has been assigned his share of the work
and the responsibilities, the secretary — as “squad leader” — must
lead the work on the basis of the principles of the Party committee’s
decision, and must not impose his own opinion. When implementing
the committee’s resolutions, the members given responsibility for
various work must submit to the supervision, control and leadership of
the secretary, and when something important happens or new

June 2019 People’s War-15 69

problems come up in their work, they must consult with the secretary
and ask him for instructions instead of just trying to deal with it
themselves. If in the course of the everyday work serious differences
of opinion appear between the secretary and other Party committee
members, or if an important problem comes up, the committee must
meet and reach a decision after having discussed the matter: neither
the secretary nor a committee member can decide alone.
In order to implement the system of combining collective
leadership with individual responsibility, it is also necessary to handle
correctly the relationship between old and new cadres, as well as
between members of the committee who participate in production
and those who are removed from it. Old and new cadres must “respect
each other, learn from each other and overcome their own shortcomings
by learning from each other’s strong points, so as to unite as one in the
common cause and guard against sectarian tendencies.” The committee
members who do not participate in production must respect those
who have remained in it, they must take the initiative in “exchanging
information,” and not be content to consult only a minority of people,
or to consider the members who still participate in production as a
“secondary appendage” to the committee. On their side, the Party
committee members who have remained in production must concern
themselves with the work as a whole, actively reflect the opinions of
the masses and must not be content to concern themselves simply
with their own sector. In sum, the cadres, old and new, in production or
outside of it, must be modest and prudent, learn from each other, be
united like the strands of a rope, in order that they can together
implement Chairman Mao’s revolutionary line and lead the members
of the Party and the masses to win still greater victories in the revolution
and in construction.

***

70 People’s War-15 June 2019

 HISTORY DEVELOPS IN SPIRALS
(We give here an article from Peking Review #43, October 25, 1974,
written by Hung Yu. This is a slightly abridged translation of an article in
Hongqi [Red Flag]# 10, 1974. In the end of the article it was written that
Comrade Mao’s revolutionary path was the product of integration of
Marxism-Leninism to the concrete condition of the Chinese Revolution.
But our party understands this according to the Ninth Congress of the
CPC which said that Chairman Mao has integrated the universal truth
of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of revolution, has
inherited, defended and developed Marxism-Leninism in the political,
military, economic, cultural, philosophical and other spheres, and has
brought Marxism-Leninism to a higher new stage. Two line struggle
was going on during the time of the publication of the article - Editorial
Board).
The People’s Republic of China has triumphantly travelled a militant
path for 25 years.
Under the guidance of Chairman Mao’s revolutionary line over the
past quarter of a century, our Party, by uniting the people of all
nationalities in our country and overcoming all sorts of difficulties, has
beaten back repeated attacks by class enemies at home and abroad
and won great victories in socialist revolution and socialist construction.
In particular, our Party has in the past 25 years undergone four major
struggles between the two,Iines in which the anti-Party conspiracies
of Kao Kang and Jao Shu-shih, Peng Teh-huai, Liu Shao-chi and Lin Piao,
chieftains of the opportunist lines, were exposed and smashed, thereby
ensuring our country to march forward along the road of socialism. The
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the last eight years further
testifies to the correctness of Chairman Mao’s thesis and policies on
continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat; it
has further heightened our understanding of the laws governing class
struggle in the period of socialist revolution. Practice in our socialist
revolution and socialist construction has over and over again testified
to this truth: Revolution invariably advances along a zigzag path by
incessantly surmounting all kinds of obstacles and obstructions. New
things are bound to replace the old and revolutionary forces are bound
June 2019 People’s War-15 71
to prevail over reactionary forces. This is an objective law independent
of man’s will.
Unity of Opposites-Progressiveness And Tortuousness
In his work Karl Marx, Lenin made a vivid and scientific
generalization on the law of the development of things, describing it
as “a development, so to speak, that proceeds in spirals, not in a straight
line.” In many of his important works, Chairman Mao has incisively
expounded and elaborated this brilliant thought of Lenin’s. Chairman
Mao has pointed out: “Events have their twists and turns and do not
follow a straight line.” (On Protracted War.) Dwelling on the law of
development of class struggle, he has said: “Make trouble, fail, make
trouble again, fail again. . till their doom; that is the logic of the
imperialists and all reactionaries the world over in dealing with the
people’s cause, and they will never go against this logic. This is a Marxist
law.” “Fight, fail, fight again, fail again, fight again ... till their victory;
that is the logic of the people, and they too will never go against this
logic. This is another Marxist law.” (Cast Away Illusions, Prepare for
Struggle.) This teaching of Chairman Mao’s points out the two
diametrically different outcomes for the imperialists and reactionaries
on the one hand and the revolutionary people on the other hand; he
also points out that a tortuous course of development is inevitable in
the struggle between the revolutionary forces and
counterrevolutionary forces. The disruption and failure of the
counterrevolutionaries and the failure and success of the revolutionary
people are two aspects which are interlinked and can transform
themselves into each other. The alternate appearance of these two
aspects in the course of revolutionary struggle is a concrete
manifestation of the law of spiral development.
Why do things develop in spirals? It is because in each thing there
is the contradiction between its new and its old aspects and the two
aspects of the contradiction are united and at the same time opposed
to each other, thereby pushing the development of things. The course
of development of things from a low to a high stage is one in which the
new things develop through continuously defeating the old. To conquer
the old and replace it, a new thing is bound to meet with strong

72 People’s War-15 June 2019

resistance from the old; only by repeated and fierce struggles can the
new thing grow in strength and rise to predominance, and only thus
can the old thing be weakened and forced to perish gradually.
Therefore, in spite of the fact that the general direction of the
development of things is a forward movement from a low to a high
stage, it cannot advance in a straight line. The inevitable phenomenon
in the actual process of development is that there are twists and turns
of varying degrees at one time or another. Chairman Mao has said:
“Like every other activity in the world, revolution always follows a
tortuous road and never a straight one.” (On Tactics Against Japanese
Imperialism.) This is because there is a process of development for the
revolutionary forces to grow and for the counter-revolutionary forces
to perish, and it is not possible for the former to completely defeat and
annihilate the latter overnight. This is also because the cognition of
objective laws, the leap from the realm of necessity to the realm of
freedom, requires a process of accumulating experience-from without
experience to having experience, from less experienced to more
experienced. Only by repeated comparisons between positive and
negative experiences can one achieve a correct understanding of the
law of the development of revolution and consciously apply this law to
accomplish the revolutionary tasks.
Spiral development only approximates a series of circles, but each
cycle is not a simple repetition of the previous one and does not return
to where it started. As Chairman Mao has summed up: “With each
cycle the content of practice and knowledge rises to a higher level.”’
(On Practice.) Superficially, reversals and zigzags look like going out of
the right path, but actually every time a reversal or a twist and turn is
overcome, it is invariably accompanied by a victory and progress,
thereby pushing the thing to a new stage. Compared with the old
stage, every new one is brought to a comparatively higher plane and
by no means returns to the original place. The unity of opposites-the
progressiveness and tortuousness of development of things-makes
up the complicated spiral movement. The viewpoint that things
develop in a straight line negates the tortuous nature of the
development of things, and the viewpoint that things move in a circle
negates the progressive nature of the development of things; both
June 2019 People’s War-15 73
negate the dialectical unity of the progressive and tortuous nature,
and will inevitably lead to the metaphysical quagmire.
The history of development of human society over the past several
thousand years is a history of spiral development full of twists and
turns. Revolutions in the past, be it the replacement of the slave system
by the feudal system, or the replacement of the feudal system by the
capitalist system, involved dozens or hundreds of years of repeated
and tortuous struggles centring around progress and retrogression,
restoration and counter-restoration. Since the replacement of one
system of exploitation by another system of exploitation involved such
a process of development, the socialist revolution in which socialism
triumphs over capitalism and which makes final elimination of the
system of exploitation and classes its goal, will by no means be smooth
sailing. The struggles involved will be more tortuous and protracted
than those of any previous revolution and tremendous efforts have to
be exerted. Chairman Mao has taught us: “New things always have to
experience difficulties and setbacks as they grow. It is sheer fantasy to
imagine that the cause of socialism is all plain sailing and easy success,
without difficulties and setbacks or the exertion of tremendous
efforts.” (On the Correct Handling of ContradictionsAmong thepeople.)
Chairman Mao said this in 1957. Practice in the past 17 years has greatly
heightened our understanding of this viewpoint. After the seizure of
political power by the proletariat, the overthrown reactionary classes
refuse to take their defeat lying down. They are bound to come out to
engage in sabotage and disruption to get back their lost “paradise” and
look for agents in the ranks of the Communist Party as their political
representatives for staging a come-back. In addition, the socialist
revolution in the realm of the superstructure will be more arduous
than before owing to the thousands of years of influence of the
exploiting classes’ traditional ideas. It will take a considerably long
period of time to decide the question of which will win out, the
proletariat or the bourgeoisie, in the political and ideological spheres.
Class struggle and the two-line struggle at home always coordinate
with the class struggle abroad. The domestic class enemies are bound
to work hand in glove with the imperialists and social-imperialists and
make trouble whenever they have the opportunity to do so. Therefore,
74 People’s War-15 June 2019
after the seizure of political power, the proletariat faces the heavy task
of strengthening the dictatorship of the proletariat, consolidating the
worker-peasant alliance, uniting the people of various nationalities,
and persisting in continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of
the proletariat. Much work remains to be done. The proletariat must
sum up the positive and negative experiences in the protracted and
repeated struggles and continue to deepen its understanding of the
law of socialist revolution and socialist construction. Only in this way
can it overcome hardships and obstructions on the path of advance,
defeat the bourgeoisie and all other exploiting classes and realize
communism.
Zigzag Course of Development in China’s Socialist Cause
Our socialist cause in the past 25 years has developed along a zigzag
course in the struggle between the two classes, the two roads and the
two lines. Speaking at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh
Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in 1949, Chairman
Mao clearly pointed to the principal contradictions at home and
internationally in the period of socialist revolution and foresaw the
protracted and complex nature of the struggle between the proletariat
and the bourgeoisie. He thus set forth a correct line and laid down the
basic steps and various principles and policies for the transition from
the newdemocratic revolution to the socialist revolution.
In the years immediately after the birth of New China, the Party
led the people of the whole country in rehabilitating the national
economy and carrying out the san fan and wu fan movements (the
movement against the three evilscorruption, waste and bureaucracy-
and the movement.against the five evils-bribery of government
workers, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating on government
contracts, and stealing economic information for private speculation).
It put forward the general line for socialist industrialization and socialist
transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and
commerce, and got the First Five-Year Plan (1953-57) for socialist
construction going. The vigorous development of socialist revolution
and construction filled the people throughout the country with joy and
elation, but at the same time it evoked bitter hatred and fear on the
part of the class enemies at home and abroad.
June 2019 People’s War-15 75
 Bourgeois careerists Kao Kang and Jao Shu-shih who had wormed
their way into the Party ganged up in an anti-Party alliance and wildly
carried out conspiratorial activities, vainly trying to split our Party, usurp
the supreme power in the Party and the state and obstruct the advance
of socialism. Chairman Mao led the whole Party to expose and shatter
in good time the Kao-Jao anti-Party alliance and rallied all Party
members and the people of the whole country to bring about an
upsurge in socialist transformation of the ownership of the means of
production.
The bourgeoisie, however, did not take its defeat lying down.
Taking advantage of the rectification campaign in 1957, it unleashed
another furious attack on the Party. This fully showed that, with the
socialist revolution on the economic front alone, the socialist system
under the dictatorship of the proletariat still was not secure and it was
imperative to carry out a thoroughgoing socialist revolution on the
political and ideological fronts. Under the guidance of Chairman Mao’s
thesis on continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the
proletariat, the nation started a vigorous struggle to beat back the
bourgeois Rightists and once again repulsed the bourgeoisie’s large-
scale frenzied attacks, thereby giving great impetus to the rapid
development of socialist revolution and construction.
Having summed up the experiences, both positive and negative,
of socialist construction at home and abroad, Chairman Mao put forward
the general line of “going all out, aiming high and achieving greater,
faster, better and more economical results in building socialism.” Hence
the excellent situation marked by the big leap forward in the national
economy and the establishment of the people’s communes in 1958.
But the struggle in the political and ideological spheres remained very
intense. At the Lushan Meeting in 1959, the Peng Teh-huai antiParty
clique took the field, frantically attacking the general line, the big leap
forward and the people’s commune in a futile effort to split our Party
and check the onrushing torrent of socialism. Chairman Mao led the
whole Party in meeting the onslaught head-on and crushing the Peng
Teh-huai Right oppportunist clique whose plots fell through.
With the daily deepening of the socialist revolution, the Liu Shao-
chi renegade clique ran wild in carrying out counter-revolutionary
76 People’s War-15 June 2019
activities. During the period when China had temporary economic
difficulties due to three successive years of natural disasters and
sabotage by the Soviet revisionist renegade clique, Liu Shao-chi and
his followers openly trumpeted and pushed the revisionist line of san
zi yi bao (the extension of plots for private use, the extension of free
markets, the increase of small enterprises with sole responsibility for
their own profits or losses, and the fixing of output quotas based on
the individual households) and of san he yi shao (the liquidation of
struggle against the imperialists, reactionaries and modern revisionists,
and the reduction of assistance and support to the revolutionary
struggles of the people of various countries). They spared no effort in
their criminal activities to restore capitalism in the political, ideological
as well as economic spheres.
At the Tenth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of
our Party in September 1962, Chairman Mao summed up the historical
experience of the dictatorship of the proletariat at home and abroad,
advanced in a more comprehensive way the Party’s basic line for the
entire historical period of socialism and issued the great call: “Never
forget classes and class struggle.” Immediately afterwards, Chairman
Mao initiated the socialist education movement or, a nationwide scale,
criticized Liu Shao-chi’s reactionary bourgeois line which was “Left” in
form but Right in essence, set in motion the revolution in Peking opera
and other cultural and art fields, and launched the criticism of Hai Jui
Dismissedfrom Office (a bad opera designed to reverse the verdict
passed on the Right opportunists), thus ushering in the Great
Proletarian Cultural Revolution.
The reversals and zigzags of the struggles in the Great Proletarian
Cultural Revolution were even more soul-stirring. Under the leadership
of Chairman Mao, the entire Party and the people of the whole country,
having broken through all kinds of obstacles and gone through arduous
struggles, finally smashed the bourgeois headquarters with Liu Shao-
chi as its ringleader. But the struggle did not end there.
The bourgeois careerist and conspirator Lin Piao, who “lodged for
a time” in the Party, jumped out to continue Liu Shao-chi’s
counterrevolutionary activities. He negated the Great Proletarian

June 2019 People’s War-15 77

Cultural Revolution, attacked the socialist new things and plotted to
launch a counter-revolutionary armed coup d’etat, subvert the
dictatorship of the proletariat and restore capitalism, all in a vain effort
to turn socialist New China back into the semi-feudal and semi-colonial
China of old. With deep insight, Chairman Mao saw through all this and
led the whole Party in exposing in good time the Lin Piao anti-Party
clique and smashing its counter-revolutionary machinations to restore
capitalist by following Confucius’ precept of “restraining oneself and
returning to the rites.”
The purpose of the current deepening movement to criticize Lin
Piao and Confucius is precisely to thoroughly repudiate the Lin Piao
antiParty clique and its revisionist line, criticize the doctrines of
Confucius and Mencius-the ideology of the reactionary decadent classes
promoted by Lin Piao, consolidate and develop the tremendous
achievements of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and further
strengthen the dictatorship of the proletariat. Historical experience
has proved that each and every victory in the socialist cause has been
won through repeated struggles. The socialist revolution in the days
ahead will, as in the past, move forward along a spiral course in class
struggle and the struggle between the two lines.
Overcome Metaphysical Viewpoint of Straight-Line Development
of History
In order to observe and analyse the situation in the revolutionary
struggle from the viewpoint that history develops in spirals, it is
necessary to do away with the metaphysical viewpoint which holds
that history develops in a straight line. Lenin pointed out: “Human
knowledge is not (or does not follow) a straight line, but a curve, which
endlessly approximates a series of circles, a spiral.” (On the Question
of Dialectics.) In class struggle, looking at problems in a straight-line
way means “all struggle and no alliance” or “all alliance and no struggle.”
According to Chairman Mao’s directives and in the light of the historical
experience of our Party, the Tenth Party Congress once again reminded
us of the necessity to oppose and prevent these two kinds of one-
sidedness. If one does not know that there are ups and downs, tension
and relaxation in the course of struggle and that the process of alliance

78 People’s War-15 June 2019

involves struggles against reactionary things, splittist tendencies and
erroneous ideas, one does not understand the law of spiral
development. Chairman Mao pointed out in the period of the War of
Resistance Against Japan: “Today our Anti-Japanese National United
Front policy is neither all alliance and no struggle nor all struggle and
no alliance, but combines alliance and struggle.” (On Policy.) To lead
any major class struggle and two-line struggle to victory, it is essential
to have a good grip on this Marxist policy. The “unity-criticism-unity”
formula conforms to the law of spiral development and is an important
method for us to correctly resolve contradictions among the people.
These contradictions and those between ourselves and the enemy are
two different types of contradictions. The knowledge different persons
among the people have is not always the same, but they can be united
on the basis of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought through
criticism or struggle and through distinguishing right from wrong on
matters of line. And only by achieving unity can the correct line be
implemented and the erroneous line overcome. Denying the existence
of contradictions among the people and stressing unity alone but
negating struggle will of course harm the revolutionary cause. Likewise,
confusing the two different types of contradictions, stressing only
struggle but negating unity, and not knowing the dialectical relationship
between struggle and unity and the paramount importance of
revolutionary unity will also harm the revolutionary cause. Both
tendencies are manifestations of seeing problems in a straight-line
way and run counter to the law of spiral development. These two
tendencies have occurred in our Party’s history and brought losses to
the cause of the Party. So we must pay attention to them and always
keep in mind the historical experience of one tendency covering the
other.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chairman Mao used
day-to-day routine such as eating and sleeping as an example to give a
profound illustration of what is meant by dialectics. To those who had
mistaken ideas and failed to understand the dialectical relationship
between fighting heroically and abandoning territory temporarily in
order to wipe out the enemy troops, Chairman Mao said: “To eat and
then to empty your bowels-is this not to cat in vain? To sleep and then
June 2019 People’s War-15 79
to get up-is this not to sleep in vain? Can questions be posed in such a
way? I would suppose not.” (On Protracied War.) To see things in a
straightline way is in fact a metaphysical way of thinking and is like
“eating without emptying the bowels” and “sleeping without getting
up.” Anyone using this way of thinking in observing things inevitably
fails to see what is the essence and what is the appearance, which is
the mainstream and which is the tributary, which is the part and which
is the whole. This way of thinking leads to blind optimism and loss of
vigilance when revolution develops successfully, and to indolence,
helplessness, pessimism and despondency when revolution faces
difficulty and twists and turns. Only by using the dialectical viewpoint
of spiral development can one perceive the inevitable reversals and
zigzags in the development of revolution, and only in this way can one
perceive the inevitable victory of revolution even when it undergoes
twists and turns, discern the orientation in the acute and complicated
struggles, grasp the initiative in the struggle and guide it in the course
of its development to seize victory.
The reversals and twists and turns in a revolutionary struggle have
a dual character. While bringing transitory difficulties to revolution,
they at the same time pave the way for still greater successes for the
revolutionary cause. The revolutionary people invariably have to be
educated and tempered by both positive and negative examples. It is
the reversals and twists and turns in struggle that educate and temper
us by negative example; after correctly summing up the experience
and drawing lessons from it, we create the conditions for winning still
greater victories in the revolutionary cause. The failure of the First
Revolutionary Civil War in 1927 was a profound lesson to the Chinese
people, enabling them to understand the extremely great importance
for the proletariat to take the leadership into its own hands and grasp
the Marxist truth that “political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.”
Guided by Chairman Mao’s proletarian revolutionary line, our Party
Mastered the three principal magic weapons (the united front, armed
struggle and Party building) for the Chinese revolution, found the
correct road for encircling the cities from the rural areas and the final
capture of the cities and pushed the Chinese revolution to a new stage
in its development. These historical experiences are an invaluable
80 People’s War-15 June 2019
wealth for the revolutionary people. Chairman Mao often tells the
Party cadres to bear in mind the experience and lessons of the many
successes and failures in our Party’s history; in so doing he is teaching
us to learn to analyse and correctly handle the reversals and twists and
turns on the road of the revolution from a materialist dialectical point
of view and to understand that such twists and turns are inevitable in
the development of history. When we have studied how the
reactionary classes in the past brought about a restoration and how
tortuous the struggle was in consolidating the new social system, we
can understand better the importance of consolidating the dictatorship
of the proletariat and preventing the restoration of capitalism today.
Twists and Turns Cannot Halt the Advance of Revolution
The reversals and twists and turns on the road of revolution are
only whirlpools, big and small, in the long river of history and are of
little significance. As far as the entire course of history is concerned,
advance and ascendancy make up the mainstream and essence of
things, while twists and turns and retrogression are only branches and
transient phenomena. The proletariat is bound to defeat the
bourgeoisie; socialism is bound to triumph over capitalism; Marxism is
bound to prevail over revisionism-this is the established general trend
of the development of history. Chairman Mao has pointed out: “The
world is progressing, the future is bright and no one can change this
general trend of history.” (On the Chungking Negotiations.) Any
reversals or twists and turns, even retrogression and the repeating of
history for a while, can only affect the tempo of historical development,
but can neither halt the advance of history nor change the direction of
its development. Both in the past and in modern times, there have
been countless reversals and twists and turns in the development of
history. From Confucius (551-476 B.C.) to Yuan Shih-kai (1859-1916) and
Chiang Kai-shek, and from Chen Tu-hsiu to Wang Ming, Liu Shao-chi
and Lin Piao, all were reactionaries swimming against the tide of history.
None of them succeeded in turning back the clock of history. Instead,
every one of them lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet and
ended up in self-destruction.
We firmly believe that no reversals or twists and turns of any kind
can obstruct the cause of revolution from advancing; this belief is based
June 2019 People’s War-15 81
on the historical-materialist viewpoint that “the people, and the people
alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.” At all times
the people are the masters of history and the people always want to
make revolution. Led by Chairman Mao, the broad masses are firm in
taking the road of socialism. The working class, the poor and
lowermiddle peasants, the commanders and fighters of the Chinese
People’s Liberation Army, the revolutionary cadres and revolutionary
intellectuals all have profound proletarian sentiments for the Party
and Chairman Mao and have enormous enthusiasm for the socialist
cause. As long as we have firm faith in the masses and rely on them,
we can overcome any reversals or twists and turns and surmount any
kind of difficulty. Both at home and abroad, class enemies all try to
subvert our dictatorship of the proletariat and change our socialist
system by taking advantage of the reversals or twists and turns that
appear in the advance of our revolutionary cause, but all to no avail.
This is because our revolutionary cause stands for the fundamental
interests of the people and has won the approval and support of the
masses.
“The correctness or incorrectness of the ideological and political
line decides everything.” We also firmly believe that no reversals or
twists and turns of any kind can impede the advance of the
revolutionary cause because our revolution is carried out under the
guidance of the correct Marxist-Leninist line. Chairman Mao’s
proletarian revolutionary line is the product of the integration of
Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution;
it is the fundamental guarantee for winning victory in the revolution.
It is entirely due to Chairman Mao’s proletarian revolutionary line that
we defeated imperialism and the Kuomintang reactionaries with
Chiang Kai-shek as their ringleader, that we got hold of arms and seized
political power and won great victories in socialist revolution and
construction. When an erroneous line dominated, there were reversals
and twists and turns in our struggles, causing serious damage to the
revolutionary cause and even leadiffg the revolution to failure; but
when the correct line dominates, the reversals or twists and turns that
appear in the course of our struggle are only partial and temporary and
are not difficult to eliminate. Therefore, under the guidance of the
82 People’s War-15 June 2019
correct line, achievements are always primary and the situation is
always excellent. Having undergone tests in prolonged struggles, our
Party, state organs and the People’s Liberation Army can withstand any
storms. After eight years of tempering in the Great Proletarian Cultural
Revolution, -the dictatorship of the proletariat in our country is
consolidated as never before. As long as we strengthen revolutionary
unity, unswervingly carry out Chairman Mao’s proletarian revolutionary
line, correctly distinguish and handle the two different types of
contradictions, we will make the excellent revolutionary situation still
more excellent. “While the prospects are bright, the road has twists
and turns.” This is a scientific conclusion drawn from the summing up
of countless historical experiences, and it has been verified in practice.

***

June 2019 People’s War-15 83

Circular number – 1/2018 upto PMs

Severely endeavor to make success the ongoing

bolshevization process basing on Marxism-Leninism-
Maoism to the extent expected!
- East Regional Bureau
CPI (Maoist)

We are aware that serious efforts have been made for the past
two years in the various states of the East Regional Bureau (ERB) of the
Central Committee of our Party under the guidance of the ERB for the
Party and the movement to overcome the situation of setback. The
objective situation and the problems of the different states have been
reviewed in a serious manner. The review also went deep into the
aspect of the extent of the success of implementing the tasks of –
bolshevizing the Party in all ways and strengthening it on mass base;
enhancing and strengthening the PLGA in all ways by shedding it of the
continuing shortcomings and weaknesses; and rectifying the
shortcomings going on in the United Front and strengthening it more
than the earlier. Basing on the inference of the review we can definitely
say that we can clearly see that the movement made one step forward
in the direction of overcoming the present setback situation.
In this situation the ERB decided to utilize the mentioned positive
aspects and advance the process of bolshevization to the expected
stage with the objective of making the leadership more organized,
mobile-active-dynamic and united. This circular is being released to
fulfill this objective. In the light of the circular the various levels of the
entire Party must implement methods like improve practice, discuss
in a higher level and make criticism and self-criticism. The ERB calls
upon especially the leadership committees to make a deep study of
the circular with the aim to develop theoretical and political level of
the entire Party.
The main aspects of the circular are –

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 We have to gain hold in practicing – Unity of two opposites and
seeing that one divides into two, according to dialectical materialism.
Practice taught us that in any revolutionary work, implementing
the fundamental principles of dialectical materialism in an exact
manner in practice is one utmost important condition to achieve
expected results. Bolshevizing the Party, the task of making the Party
steadfast and rectifying the mistakes, i.e. non-proletarian trends, the
Tactical Counter Offensive Campaign, small, medium or big kind of
retaliatory actions, the task of building KKC-RPC or new form of people’s
movement – in all things we can gain success to some or the other
extent only if we implement the principle of unity and struggle of
opposites and analyse as per one divides into two in a precise manner.
If we wish to fulfill every task with a positive result, we must understand
the task deeply. We must not be non-serious, have one-sided or
negligent attitude, must not see it superficially but must take up the
method of seeing it in a deep and multipronged manner and analyse.
We must remember that if we wish to achieve the expected result in
our work we must think as per the time, place and condition and the
objective and external world. If we cannot take up our work according
to this rule without falling in subjectivity, we shall fail in our practice.
One important reason for the setback of our movement is that we
failed to do in such a manner. When our movement setback we made a
deep review of it and drew few lessons. We rectified our thought and
tried to mold it according to the rules of the objective outside world. It
is not our subjective thinking that decides the truth as to how far we
have overcome the affected situation but the objective results in
practice for the last two years. There are a lot of reports of the programs
taken up for the past two years in the various states and special areas
under ERB. The essence of a deep review of these reports shows that –
there is certainly a little progress in bolshevizing the Party. This means
that the theoretical-political consciousness of all the ordinary cadres
has risen to a little extent when compared to that earlier; the meetings
of the Party Committees have been regularized to an extent; and there
is a positive change to a little extent in going to the villages and talking
and discussing with the farmers about various issues and working basing
on the people; the village Party cell and the village Party committee

June 2019 People’s War-15 85

are being reorganised; we have filled and are filling gaps; there is a
little progress in the work of expansion; there is growth in the base
force of PLGA and we have started the work to train them; we started
to pay more attention to form various levels of command and to activate
them; there was a decrease in guerilla war actions and now in order to
overcome this the preparedness to make counter actions on the enemy
has increased to an extent; the reorganization of KKC has begun in all
villages and areas; RPCs were reorganized in a few selected areas, and
the formation of new village level RPCs and ARPC is in the making; the
people’s movement and mass organisations have been reorganized
and people’s agitations are being built on a few people’s issues; and
other such. But we have to see all these as only slight quantitative
changes. It means that each and every leadership comrade and each
and every comrade must put tireless efforts to transform all these
quantitative changes in a qualitative manner. The changes must be
taken from below to the top meaning we must transform the negative
factors into positive factors. We must give special attention to
implement in practice the special policies and programs that the party
adopted to organize students, youth, women, intellectuals, tribals,
Dalits, religious minorities and nationalities along with the workers
and peasants in addition to the general line of the party i.e. strategy-
tactics and line related to the Party program. For the success of all
these works it is essential that we rectify our thinking and mold it
according to the outside world i.e. to the rules of the objective situation.
We must remember that an important aspect of Marxist philosophy –
dialectical materialism is its practicability. It emphasizes that theory is
based on practice and practice is based on theory and in turn it serves
practice. The decision to overcome the affected situation is not decided
by our subjective feeling but the objective development in practice.
Therefore we must certainly understand these things and take up
practice accordingly.
We must be afar of subjectivity, one-sidedness and negligence
when making a deep study into the issue of the affected situation of
the movement
Our movement has been stuck in an affected situation for the past
few years. We studied, analysed and reviewed this situation and also

86 People’s War-15 June 2019

decided upon few tasks to overcome it. We are all engaged in the
process of implementing these specified tasks. But we are not able to
gain success to the expected mark. What should have been the reason
for this? The basic reason is that in spite of a common opinion about
many assessments, reviews and tasks when studying the problem, we
clearly see the expressions of subjectivity, one-sidedness and
negligence. Consequently we are not able to gain success to the extent
needed.
In fact we have subjectivity, one-sidedness and negligence.
Subjectivity means not seeing an issue in an objective manner, meaning
not utilizing the materialist outlook in seeing it. For example we are
not able to come to a proper assessment and higher level of
understanding about the basic reasons for the present situation of the
movement. It means we are not able to reach from the level of ideas to
a rational level. One-sidedness is seen in not seeing the issues from all
angles. For example, feeling that their non-proletarian trends alone
are the reason for the situation and not understanding other reasons,
understanding only the negative aspects and not understanding the
positive, understanding only the unfavorable factors and not
understanding the favorable factors and so one. This means not
understanding the particularities of two aspects of a contradiction in
anything. This is said to see in a one-sided manner. It is necessary to
discuss a little more about one-sidedness. As Comrade Mao said one-
sidedness is – ‘not seeing the issues from all angles’. We see many
examples regarding mutual disputes in the purview of BJSAC at present
in a few words or sentences. A present issue a comrade brings forth or
an issue of several years ago another comrade brings forth – we see a
strong one-sidedness in all these things. Anyhow we know clearly, as
Comrade Mao said, ‘none has the right to speak without investigation’.
Comrade Mao said about the importance of investigation, ‘those who
do not investigate do not have the right to speak. Many make noise
when they ‘get down from the government vehicle’. They act as they
wish. They dig some or the other issue and condemn some or the other.
But such people face defeats. It is because such ideas and thoughts are
not based on investigation. They are mere words’.
If an allegation bases on facts it is possible to search the truth
basing on it. If we understand that comrades are mutually alleging
June 2019 People’s War-15 87
irrespective of facts we have to investigate the objective or intention
of the comrade making allegations. We must also take proper action
basing on it. In addition to this, Comrade Mao often mentioned Sun
Tzu’s words about the art of war speaking of the importance to
understand the particularities of two aspects of a contradiction so as
not to fall in a situation of one-sidedness – ‘Know your enemy and
know yourself. Then you can make hundreds of wars without the fear
of defeat’. He also used to tell another thing that Veyi Chang of the
Chang dynasty so as not to be one-sided – ‘your understanding
enhances if you listen to both the sides’.
Negligence means not understanding the particularity of the
comprehensiveness of the contradiction and not understanding the
particularities of both the issues in a contradiction. It means rejecting
the necessity to make a deep observation and prolonged study of
anything, seeing it superficially from a distance and getting down to
solve them. Therefore having a positive outlook towards the present
affected situation of the movement and making efforts to overcome it
means we have to absolutely shed ourselves of the entire wrong trends
and outlooks mentioned above and adopt the proper outlook by
changing our attitudes. Only then we will be efficient in making a
concrete analysis of a concrete issue and in taking our tasks towards
victory.
Improve and activate the method of leadership
It is a pre-condition to improve the method of party leadership, to
activate it and make it effective in the present situation of our efforts
to advance the Party and the movement bolshevizing our Party in all
ways and facing severe challenges from the enemy. Therefore it is
necessary to pay attention to the below mentioned issues. They are –
we have to develop better understanding in the leadership about MLM.
MLM is not something to be simply uttered. It is a dynamic science and
guiding theory. So it is essential to have a profound understanding
about this guiding theory instead of a superficial one. In order to fulfill
this necessity it is essential to achieve good coordination between
theory and practice. One cannot gain command on theory by studying
one or two articles. It develops only studying combining it with solving
the problems. In fact we are belittling this process. If we have such a
88 People’s War-15 June 2019
light and superficial knowledge of MLM we shall be inefficient in taking
up theoretical, political struggle against the various revisionist, post-
modernist, escapist and anti-revolutionary ideas in any kind of
situation. So we have to constantly study MLM by combining it with the
objective to solve the problems. This is utmost necessary to bolshevise
the party better and in all ways.
But on the contrary, we see that some comrades feel that they
read MLM theory a lot, they know a lot, that some comrades do not
have any understanding about MLM but they are taken into the
leadership of various party committees and that they are not taken
and so on. In fact all these about understanding the theory are
expressions of book knowledge. They are superficial and light.
Especially we clearly see such ideas in a few intellectual comrades
from petty bourgeois class. But since the comrades from landless, poor
peasantry, tribal people and Dalits are mostly uneducated they do not
have much interest towards theoretical study. They show much interest
only on practice. As they gradually step into important committees
most of their time is spent on committee meetings and so whenever
any counter-revolutionary theoretical, political line comes forth they
become inefficient and helpless in opposing and taking up theoretical
and political struggle against it. They feel the boat is sinking in deep
waters. During such time we see pragmatic ideas in them.
Since most of the comrades in our party are uneducated it is
necessary to study the theory with maximum possible attention with
the objective to solve the problems coming forth in present practice
with in order to rectify it. Along with this we have to pay special attention
on bringing the comrades having bookish knowledge to practice. If we
can do so, we can definitely bring a little improvement than the earlier
in the method of leadership.
It is very essential to much more mingle with the activists, to
identify with them and to understand mutually
We know that once the Party line, policies and program are adopted
the activists shall be the decisive force in implementing them.
Therefore we have to widely discuss with the activists on each and
every issue related to the programs taken up and take up the method

June 2019 People’s War-15 89

of explaining clearly about the work style to be adopted for the
implementation of it through the activists. But it is not at all correct to
tell the activists ‘you have to do what we decided’. This is bureaucracy,
the method of ordering. We need democratic method and explaining
and convincing method. If we follow the method of passing orders, we
find later in the review of this work that we did not succeed in achieving
the decided objective. In fact this is the basic reason for not going
forward but stepping back and drowning in a difficult situation. But
some of our leadership comrades wish to be bureaucratic. When there
is a defeat they find fault with the activists. Some of the leadership
comrades are not friendly with the activists or make them a decisive
force to go into practice but they maintain a teacher-student relation
and this is a feudal attitude. This will certainly lead to negative results.
So the activists must be taken as the decisive force, establish utmost
friendly relations and train them in such a manner. Only thus the Party
can fulfill the specified programs within the specified time. Our great
teachers taught us thus – spend most of the time with the activists,
stay amidst the activists, make extensive political discussions and create
a political atmosphere.
Hold high relentlessly the bright consciousness of the Party so as
to strengthen the united CPI (Maoist) in any kind of situation
Tempered in the furnace of revolutionary class struggle for the
past few decades our Party emerged as an important force in the
political life of the entire country. However we are facing many kinds
of challenges. We are working hard and going in a jig-jag path to achieve
the task of the historical objective. Therefore it is our duty to take up
continuously the process of bolshevization that is more stable and
disciplined than earlier in ideology, political activity and organisation.
Members, activists and cadres of the entire party must enhance their
Party spirit to higher level in order to make our Party more concrete
and stable. They must subordinate their interests to those of the party.
The interests of the various party units must be subordinated to those
of the entire Party. Thus our Party can mold concretely into a
comprehensive human body. Anyhow since our Party is mostly
dependent on the rural area where agrarian revolutionary guerilla war
is going on in a very big area, landless, poor peasant, small producer

90 People’s War-15 June 2019

and intellectuals are in large numbers. So certain wrong ideas like
‘subjectivity’, ‘individualism’, ‘superiority’, ‘acting on their own wish’
and ‘ideas against centralism in the method of democratic centralism’
arose. These trends are against the spirit of the Party. If we nourish all
these wrong ideas the Party will be deprived of united feeling, united
activity of the party and united discipline. Group activists, sectarian
conflicts and anti-party activities take this place; there shall be a heavy
loss to the prestige of the party and severe loss to the Party and the
revolution. Recently it happened so. The heinous anti-party activities
of many degenerated persons and betrayers of revolution is a recent
example.
In this background we have to pay more attention to develop the
internal unity of the party, working abiding to the rule of democratic
centralism and as a part of it the entire party abiding to the Central
Committee and other such of the party spirit in the entire party so as to
rectify the wrong ideas and work style. No one should be allowed to
raise their voice freely to spread illusions and the psyche to have deep
confidence and assurance on the Central Committee and the central
leadership must be developed. We must give utmost importance to
fulfill the tasks given by the Central Committee. We have to send
members to fulfill the various specified schemes. The necessary other
works must be completed. All the decisions and resolutions made must
definitely be implemented.
Immediately we see a mistake we must make efforts to rectify it.
We must concretely decide the measures to be taken up. We must not
allow the spread of any kind of wrong work or wrong ideas without a
question. We must see that there is no gossip, various kinds of
comments and ill propaganda. On the contrary, we have to take up the
method of making open and fact based criticisms. The objective of this
should be to help rectify the mistakes and adopt the method of
sustaining mutual comradely relations and support.
Firm implementation of party discipline in such a strong party is an
important pre-condition to fulfill the present revolutionary tasks and
finally make the revolution successful. The individual must abide by
the party, the minority the majority, the lower level the higher level
and the whole party the CC. The basic line and policies of the party
must be realized and implemented.
June 2019 People’s War-15 91
 In addition to this one must take up self-critical method with
dedication to rectify oneself. They must develop and widen their study
according to the necessities of the party and the revolutionary
movement. They must also discuss extensively with the activists. No
one must be dissatisfied or selfish. All must have common interest,
live a simple life and do hard work, search truth from facts and shed
pride and superiority. Close coordination must be established without
any gap between theory and practice. Thus we must always highlight
the importance of the understanding, attitude, spirit and other such
things of the party on various aspects like proletarian nature, party aim
and objective and program. The entire cadres of the leadership from
the CC members to the party cell must firmly highlight the above
mentioned aspects, i.e. the strong spirit of the party.
Utilize completely the favorable aspects seen in the situation to
overcome the condition of setback!
Gradually strengthen the three magnificient weapons – Party, PLGA
and United Front!
We are aware that we are making efforts to overcome the setback
or the affected situation for the past four years. We also achieved a
little success in this effort. But we did not achieve the expected success.
One important reason for this is – we did not properly understand that
there are two angles even in the setback or the affected situation. One
angle further deepens the affected situation, the second one brings
out from that situation. This does not mean that the affected situation
is of a stable nature. On the contrary it expresses the unity of two
opposites.
Therefore we must search favorable aspects amidst unfavorable
aspects and adopt proper tactics and tasks to utilize the same. Our
Central Committee also released a circular ‘Present situation – Our
tasks’ to utilize this favorable aspect in order to overcome the present
difficult situation and advance the revolutionary movement. For
example in the Russian revolution too after the failure of 1905
revolution they adopted tactics to step back from 1907 to 1912. They
adopted tasks that help to utilize the favorable aspect while stepping
back and also to go forward again. In the experience of the Chinese

92 People’s War-15 June 2019

revolution, when the Chinese revolution failed in 1927 there was a
situation to step back. They adopted proper tactics to overcome such
weak situation and advance the revolutionary movement.
The situations of stepping back in the above two ways are the
experiences in two kinds of strategies of ‘General Insurrection’ and
‘Protracted People’s War’. These two experiences are examples of
relative or unstable nature of stepping back. So there was a spate of
revolutionary movement again after 1912. Lastly the Russian socialist
revolution was successful in 1917. Similarly after the failure of Chinese
revolution in 1927 Comrade Mao implemented the method of work of
establishing liberated areas, establishing political power in a planned
manner, intensifying agrarian revolution and to build militia, local and
regular red army extensively as a part of the strategy of PPW and
adopted tasks like arming the ordinary people and continuously
expanding political power in order to once again bring a spate in the
revolutionary movement.
In the same way CC-4 and CC-5 meetings adopted certain imminent
tasks to overcome the difficult situation that arose in the revolutionary
movement of our country. All of us are engaged in the process of
implementing those tasks. CC-5 meeting stated the favorable aspects
that exist in a better way than the earlier time in the international and
domestic situation to once again advance the revolutionary movement
through its circular ‘Present situation – Our tasks’. In addition to this it
also suggested several new tasks to strengthen the Party, PLGA and
United Front to utilize these favorable aspects in a realistic way.
Therefore stepping back and again going forward is the process of
‘unity-struggle between two opposites’ of a single entity. We can once
again advance the party and the movement utilizing favorable aspects
by taking up dialectical materialist perspective. Therefore we must
gradually strengthen the three magnificient weapons of Party, PLGA
and United Front.
1. Our first task is to strengthen the party
A strong party is a vital pre-condition to achieve success in any
work of revolution. So our foremost and utmost important task is to
mold the party in all ways, i.e. building each and every party committee

June 2019 People’s War-15 93

from the bottom to the top and so as to conduct proper revolutionary
activities. Only by doing so, the party base will strengthen. In addition
to this we must also conduct training programs of party politics basing
on MLM as per the party syllabus. Along with the above process we
must also take up practical work of participating in direct class struggle.
Production work, class struggle, theoretical study – all these three must
be taken up with coordination. We have to be serious in implementing
methods like collective discussion, collective decision, division of
collective functioning, coordination of collective work and individual
initiative and collective check-up according to the rule of democratic
centralism of the system of party committee. We must be serious in
implementing the aspect of democracy as a part of centralism based
on democracy. But we should not encourage ultra-democracy in the
name of democracy. All the party committees must regularly conduct
meetings as per the Party Constitution. The meeting must have a
specified agenda. There must be discussion on the points of the agenda
and concrete decisions must be taken. Every party committee must
send a detailed written report to its higher committee in the specified
period. We must keep in mind the conditions we are working now it is
not at all fair to spend more time in meetings alone. We must spend
time to solve the problems. Articles, circulars and other such of the
party must not be very big, complex and in difficult language but must
be natural, simple in language and small.
2. It is utmost important to take up rectification movement time to
time to sustain the proletarian character of the party
We have to take up ‘rectification movement’ as a movement and a
campaign time to time to totally eliminate the non-proletarian trends
or the bourgeois and petty bourgeois trends from the top to the bottom
and from bottom to top and this must be such as to achieve the expected
results. Ours is a backward country with semi-colonial, semi-feudal
nature. The main center of activities is the vast rural area. Therefore
majority of the party cadres are from petty bourgeois class. Thus the
entire class composition happens to be the main source or the birthplace
for non-proletarian trends. So when non-proletarian trends arise in
the party we have to conduct ‘rectification movement’ in a planned
manner during that time. There must not be any kind of relaxation in

94 People’s War-15 June 2019

this. Relaxation would only amount to an intentional change of the
Communist Party formed with the proletarian vanguard to that of petty
bourgeois class nature. So rectification movement must be conducted
in the proper time against the specified wrong trends and wrong work
style.
3. Hold criticism and self-criticism in the Party
Criticism and self-criticism is the life of proletariat and Communist
Party. It is so because if this weapon is utilized properly and in a proper
manner the proletarian character of the party shall become purer and
brighter. We have to keep several aspects in mind to properly hold
criticism and self-criticism. They are – a. Criticism and self-criticism
must be centralized only on political and organizational issues but not
on unnecessary things. A criticism on anyone must be based on facts
and should not be mere words; b. The criticism must have the objective
to help a comrade to rectify mistakes and transform into a good
comrade. It means we must make criticism on the necessary aspect
and also suggest ways to rectify it. This means the style of criticism
should not be negative or an individual attack that affects their
individuality, be destructive but be positive and creative; c. There is
another objective in the utilization of this weapon. The objective of
criticism must be to advance the revolution and the objective of self-
criticism too must be to advance the revolution; d. The basic aspect of
self-criticism is to fearlessly speak out our weaknesses, to be clearer in
saying out how one’s role must be, how it is at present in the party and
the development of revolution and accept it humbly without any
hesitation. It is not at all acceptable to speak unnecessarily in the name
of criticism and to criticize others irrationally.
4. Developing- strengthening PLGA in all ways is our second
important task
The experience of armed struggle for the past few years shows
that the People’s Liberation Guerilla Army (PLGA) has emerged as the
endearing army of the people. Therefore it is our important task to
gradually mold it so as to utilize high plane of the art of war
quantitatively and qualitatively, utilize the tactics of guerilla war
according to dare, intellect and terrain and to mold it into a disciplined

June 2019 People’s War-15 95

army. For this we have to take up the following necessary actions – a.
We must make efforts to implement the guidance of the Central Military
Commission in practice. b. We must build party committees in various
levels in the army, make them function in a serious manner, form
commands as per different levels, conduct the meetings regularly,
adopt programs and other such things, first consolidate the militia forces
in the form of a squad and then build platoon and company of the
militia, consolidate them organizationally, arrange their daily programs
c. Take lessons from the earlier mistakes and definitely reorganize the
departments such as military training, tech-supply, intelligence and
medical d. There must be concrete program for the military training of
all kinds of forces and the process of training must be according to the
programs e. We must remember that without programs of guerilla war
no guerilla squad, platoon or company can exist. So we have to take up
successful actions that lead to positive results to give a blow to the
enemy corresponding to our strength and ability, our initiative-plan e.
Small, medium and every kind of action must be reviewed, the positive
and negative aspects analysed and written. We must take lessons from
them and discuss with all. We must take up guerilla war in a planned
manner with the objective of mobile war and intensify-expand it.
Our second important task is to implement the above mentioned
effort in a proper manner.
5. Our third and another important task is to build United Front,
meaning strategic and tactical United Fronts
a.Our earlier experience taught us that our party must give utmost
importance to the efforts of building strategic united Front together
with the proletariat, peasantry, urban petty bourgeois and national
bourgeois (this normally is constituted with small and middle level
bourgeoisie) in order to make the New Democratic Revolution of India
successful. Such a United Front shall have the main role in seizing of
political power and establishing people’s democratic dictatorship. The
state power of the Revolutionary People’s Committee in the rural areas
is the embryonic form of this. Anyhow we could not achieve such
progress in the establishment of people’s state power by coordinating
with the progress of the movement. Therefore we have to pay special
attention to rectify this weakness as soon as possible and form RPC
96 People’s War-15 June 2019
that is the embryonic form, establish and develop the organ of people’s
state power. In addition to this we must also work in a large scale and
extensively to build this strategic United Front all over the country b.
Similarly we will have to form several kinds of tactical United Fronts in
various levels with various objectives together with different class
forces to mobilise the people of other sections in this strategic united
Front. But we have to work to develop these struggles abiding by the
main aim and objective. The circular of the CC on ‘Present situation –
Our tasks’ stated the issues to build such tactical United Fronts in the
process of building extensive people’s struggles. Especially the circular
brought forth the facts such as that there are good opportunities to
mobilize workers, peasants, students, youth, women, intellectuals,
the entire religious minorities, Dalits, backward nationalities, the entire
progressive, democratic and revolutionary forces against Brahmanic
Hindu fascism. However we have to give a practical shape to this program
basing on our organisation, our initiative and our independent program
c. The efforts of the party in our Mass Organisations are very lesser
than the necessary. Party work in the Mass Organisations is to make
the party fractions work properly. Since there are various kinds of petty
bourgeois thoughts, habits-practice and non-proletarian trends in the
Mass Organisations it is necessary to make these fractions work properly.
Especially we see that subjectivity, individualism, waste of expenditure,
roaming and behaving as per their wish, having marriage relations
against the rules of the party, not opposing the extensive attack of
imperialist, Brahmanic hindutwa culture in a proper manner and other
such things are prevalent. Along with this there is also a trend in having
over-confidence in experimentalism in the veil of revolution. Such
persons do not show interest in studying the theory of MLM, the
documents of the Party, the official organs of the Party and party
circulars but are interested in articles, books and magazines with
bourgeois and petty bourgeois ideology. Many of our comrades in the
areas of guerilla war are martyred, injured and are facing difficult
conditions like hunger and thirst in the process of counter-offensive to
the fierce, cruel military offensive of the enemy. But we do not see an
understanding about these in such persons. The thought of sending a
few members into the party and the army is not seen to the extent
needed. Therefore it is very much necessary to conduct constant
June 2019 People’s War-15 97
training classes to develop a little understanding of the theory of MLM
among the entire activists along with the members of the fractions of
various Mass Organisations. We must make efforts to inculcate
proletarian outlook, proletarian culture, proletarian life style and
proletarian discipline.
Call
We have discussed in this circular the importance of enhancing
our understanding on Marxism-Leninism-Maoism and dialectical
materialism and also the importance of paying more attention on
several other aspects. The objective of this discussion is the same –
making severe efforts to implement the related aspects in practice.
Only by doing so, it will be possible to coordinate theory with practice.
With the process of bolshevizing the party in the past several years
we see positive results in overcoming of the affected situation of the
party and the movement to an extent. So we must have the
understanding that we must make severe efforts to advance these
positive aspects without any kind of complacency.
Comrades,
We have been making Armed Agrarian Revolution and Agrarian
Revolutionary Guerilla War, meaning People’s War according to strategy
of Protracted People’s War for the past nearly five decades. We could
bring the movement to the present state facing enormous martyrdoms,
twists and turns, ups and downs, thousands of jail lives including
tortures and other such things. With severe resistance from our Party,
the oppressed people and sections the state changed their plan of
Operation Green Hunt and intensified another strategic offensive
‘SAMADHAN’ since the past one year. All of us must be prepared in all
ways individually to successfully face such a condition and also totally
prepare the entire Party, PLGA and United Front to face and defeat
successfully this offensive with the deployment of thousands of
additional police, Para-military and Commando forces, strengthening
carpet security and unleashing a crueler offensive than the earlier. We
have to also complete the entire preparatory work to successfully
implement all the specified political, organizational and military tasks.

98 People’s War-15 June 2019

 Let us have absolute confidence in the line, policies, method and
style of the Party to accomplish all these works. Let us have endless
confidence and belief in the ordinary people. Let us enhance our
creativity and efficiency to utilize the present favorable international
and domestic situation. Let us concentrate and utilize all these in the
direction of successfully accomplishing future tasks.
The path is jig-jag. But if we stick to the party line, policies, method
and style we can overcome the present situation of Indian revolution
and advance the New Democratic Revolution.
We must remember that the people, only the people are the main
motive forces in the making of history. India too is not an exemption. It
is inevitable that darkness sheds and dawn emits red rays. People will
achieve the final victory.

***

“No political party can possibly

lead a great revolutionary
movement to victory unless it
possesses revolutionary theory and
knowledge of history and has a
profound grasp of the practical
movement”
Mao

June 2019 People’s War-15 99

CC circular: 3/2019 up to PMs
Let us improve the theoretical, political training
to strengthen the Party
amidst the enemy fascist offensive!
Our Party CPI (Maoist) is issuing this circular in view of the
necessity to improve Party education to strengthen the Party to
efficiently fulfill the tasks of protracted revolution in order to overcome
the difficult situation of our movement and advance in the path of
success, taking into view the positive and negative experiences of the
leadership in the central level to the Party Members in the fields of
people’s army and people’s organisations in education in the leadership
of the party from the CC to AC for the last fifteen years since its
emergence.
Dear Comrades,
As soon as our new party the CPI (Maoist) was formed on 21st
September 2004 we conducted theoretical, political and organizational
campaign on this historic event in our party all over the country. Later
we conducted a big theoretical, political campaign (through study,
classes and discussions) on the fundamental documents and note of
debates as a part of Party Conferences and preparations for Congress.
On the whole though these campaigns were mainly successful there
was no enough education in places where they were not
comprehensively conducted and so we could not unite the party strong
enough.
The PB formed the Central Political School in 2005 March. The PB
decided that since there was the task of conducting conferences in the
entire Party and successfully completing the Congress this school shall
start work after the Party Congress and that the respective committees
of the various states shall continue education program as they have
been going on. However we failed to a large extent to impart Party
Primary education to a large number of those who obtained Party
Primary Membership in several states. Though certain amount of Party
education was imparted in some of these states it could not be
continued in a regular manner later.

100 People’s War-15 June 2019

 The main concentration of the Party at that time was holding Party
Conferences and Congress but in many states proper attention was not
paid towards education that was to be continued to consolidate the
local level Party units and various levels of Party Committees.
The CC realized the necessity to improve the theoretical, political
and organizational standard of the Party in the Unity Congress-Ninth
Congress. The CC formed the central SCOPE (Sub Committee On
Political Education) or the Central Political School in the first CC meeting
after the Congress. This Committee held its meeting immediately and
placed draft resolutions before the CC about the books to be published
for the basic six months course, the study material to be formulated
for one year and about classes to be held on the study material for the
leadership by the RBs. The CC decided that the next PB meeting shall
take a final decision in this matter. In a few months the Secretary of the
Central Political School and in-charge Comrade Ajayda (CCM) died out
of ill health on 15th August 2007. Within a short time from then one
more important member of this school was arrested. The committee
became defunct. Our CC faced considerable losses in the intensified
offensive of the reactionary ruling classes on the revolutionary
movement all over the country in 2005-2012. This caused a limitation
to successfully conduct the centralized programs of the CC in time and
with coordination. So the PB decided that though the Central Political
School functions, importance must be given to run party political
schools in the Regional Bureau and State levels. In 2010 there was an
attempt to revive the Central Political School in vain. Anyhow right
from the beginning the CC/PB/CMC formulated important programs
regarding education to be imparted all through the Party as per the
centralized plan, prepared various study material and sent them to the
Regional Bureaus and the State Committees.
The education in the higher level faced this limitation but the
CMC and Regional Bureaus working in the leadership of the PB comrades
on behalf of the CC imparted education in various levels. The Central
and the Eastern Regional Bureaus formed the Regional political schools
and imparted education in the respective states. In other regions the
concerned RB/CCMs, State Committees imparted education to various
levels of Party cadres. Due to the severe countrywide enemy offensive

June 2019 People’s War-15 101

our political education was also affected. Education continued in varied
levels. In Dandakaranya a state level education sub-committee was
formed and in its leadership education is imparted to all levels of the
party cadres - mobile political school for political education, mobile
academic school for academic education; Basic Communist Training
School to cultivate primary level communist cadres; and area and village
level primary schools to educate the girls and boys of the villages with
scientific and democratic perspective. Theoretical, political,
organizational, military, cultural, production, development, welfare
and education activities are coordinated with the agrarian revolutionary
guerilla war that is made by the PLGA and the people in the leadership
of the party to form Revolutionary People’s governments and to run
revolutionary political power. Our experiences in party education in
Dandakaranya are relatively higher and extensive. Central Instructors
Team and Regional Military Commands in the Central and the Eastern
Regions, State Military Commissions in the states and instructor teams
in its guidance and lower level Military Commands and instructor teams
were formed that imparted political and military training to the PLGA
forces. The Military Commissions and the concerned CCMs and the
State Committees in states where there are no commands together
gave political and military training in their areas. On the whole there
are differences in the political and military training in the party. The
political and military training given to the PLGA and the people has
been an utmost important factor in achieving valuable, higher level
experiences developing people’s war in the country. The inequality in
the theoretical, political, organizational, military and cultural training
in the party is a part of the inequality in the development of the
movement in the country. In view of the level and scope of our
movement, the unequal development of the movement, the problems
to be solved and the revolutionary goal, study and training in the party
are very fractional. There is no proper attention. There is no continuity.
However the syllabus, study notes and reference study material
prepared in various languages for the theoretical, political,
organizational, military and cultural training for members of the CC to
the primary Party members for the past fifteen years will help to a
large extent to improve party education. The documents released
during this period by the Unity Congress of the Party, the regional
102 People’s War-15 June 2019
extended meetings, the State Conferences/Plenums/Extended
meetings; the policy documents issued by the CC; the documents of
the CC and the SCs regarding internal theoretical struggle; the
resolutions and the circulars, letters, messages and reports released
by all levels of Party committees including the CC/PB/CMC; the
magazines, publications, statements, interviews from the party
committees starting from the CC to the DC and the Central and the
State military commissions and the abundant literature of propaganda
issued by the entire Party, PLGA and People’s Organisations are our
utmost valuable asset of great experiences. They represent our
assessments, tasks, practical effort and successes and failures in the
past fourteen years. They contribute a lot to the study, training and to
develop understanding for the Party, PLGA and People’s organisations.
They contribute very much for the theoretical and political education
of the entire revolutionary camp. Similarly the revolutionary Mass
Organisations, democratic Mass Organisations, forums of United Front
and the various democratic organisations too released such literature
that helps to educate the revolutionary camp. To put it briefly all this is
a big relentless practical theoretical political education.
One of the very important reasons for the victories achieved in
various sectors in the revolutionary movement in the past fifteen years
is the theoretical study of the Party and our positive efforts regarding
theoretical training. But at the same time the efforts of the CC and
many SCs in theoretical study, theoretical, political, organizational,
military training, social investigation, forming appropriate teachers’
teams and consolidating them, preparing syllabus and study material
and sending them and other such things is partial. The efforts of the CC
to drive such states regarding education are partial. We can clearly see
the shortcoming in several states in explaining the necessity of study
in the party and turning it into a communist activity of utmost
importance in Party life and in making the Party political schools part
of party organisation. The defect regarding party education is serious.
One of the very important reasons – for the inability – to timely solve
certain important problems that came forth in practice during this
period; to much more consolidate and spread speedily the Party, PLGA
and people’s organisations; to advance the development achieved in
the revolutionary movement to a much more higher stage; for the
June 2019 People’s War-15 103
prevalence of alien class tendencies in the party and severe losses in
various forms (surrendering to the enemy, betrayals, passivity, group
conflicts, economic misappropriation and other such) and thus for the
difficult situation in the movement is – the lack of enough theoretical,
political, organizational and military education from the central and
the state committees according to the level, extent and tasks of the
movement. The CC takes the main responsibility for this defect and
decided to make severe efforts to rectify this mistake and to overcome
this weakness.
Majority of the party comrades working in various spheres and
various levels over the country are engaged in constant practice for the
cause of revolution. Most of them lack proper study and training. Due
to this deficiency they are working in a casual, mechanical,
spontaneous, subjective manner (with dogmatic and pragmatic
outlook) and are unable to achieve the expected results. Our theory,
world outlook, politics, objective, line, organisations, methods of
leadership, work style, class struggle, People’s War – all represent the
international proletariat, take all the toiling people in the path of
liberation and build a new society. They are totally different and against
the reactionary ruling classes in all aspects and destroy their power.
We can make the New Democratic Revolution successful and advance
to achieve Socialism and Communism only through – theoretical study
– training with a proper perspective and strong will; the practice taken
up in a creative manner in the light of theory; learning from experiences
and improving practice; developing the theory much more through
repeatedly taking up this process; and through the process of better
protracted practice in the light of the rich theory.
Our general political line starting since Naxalbari is correct and
the fundamental concepts regarding New Democratic Revolution are
correct. But the history of the Indian Revolutionary movement for the
past five decades proved that the dynamics of our revolutionary
movement and our successes and failures depended upon – to what
extent we have theoretically, politically, organizationally and military
prepared the Party, PLGA and the people basing on this line and on
these fundamental concepts; to what extent we have politically
mobilized and consolidated the people and prepared them for the

104 People’s War-15 June 2019

Protracted People’s War; to what extent we adopted appropriate tactics
according to the changes in the social conditions and conditions of the
movement; and to what extent we provided efficient leadership
according to this. We can clearly say so in view of our concrete historic
experience.
Comrades Lenin, Stalin and Mao said thus about the importance
of a strong Party –
“There is no better weapon for the proletariat in its struggle for
power” – Lenin; “Once the correct political line is formulated, tested in
practice the party cadres in the leadership of the party shall become a
decisive force…..in order to apply the political line in practice we need
cadres, those who understand the political line of the party, those who
received this line as their, those who are prepared to put it in practice,
those who can really change it, those who put it in practice and act
accountable and those who preserve and fight for it. If we fail in this
the correct political line might fall in the danger of becoming nominal”
– Stalin; “If revolution is needed revolutionary party is essential.
Without a revolutionary party, if there is no party built on the Marxist-
Leninist revolutionary theory, built in the Marxist-Leninist
revolutionary style it is not possible to lead the proletariat and the
broad masses to defeat imperialism and its running dogs” – Mao.
But when we see in view of the shortcomings in the class
composition of our Party at present and in the theoretical understanding
related to MLM we understand that theoretical remolding is in a low
level and petty bourgeois ideas are still strong. The supremacy of
proletarian ideology is yet to be established in a strong manner. Due to
this concrete situation there is a possibility for more mistakes and for
the rising of wrong trends in the process of understanding and
implementing the Party line and policies.
New Democratic Revolution shall become successful only through
building the three strong magic weapons the Party, Army and United
Front. The formation, development and the role of the three magic
weapons in NDR are mutually dependent. It is the Party that can play
the leadership role by efficiently utilizing the rest of the two magic
weapons. Mao said “…..United Front and Armed struggle are two
fundamental weapons to defeat the enemy. United Front means the
June 2019 People’s War-15 105
United Front to achieve armed struggle, party means the courageous
fighter that utilizes United Front and armed struggle in order to jump
on the enemy camps and smash it. Thus both of them are mutually
related”. The Party will have to efficiently utilize the rest of the two
weapons and make planned efforts to educate itself in theoretical,
political, organizational, military and cultural spheres through the entire
process of revolution in order to lead the revolution. At the same time
special theoretical, political, organizational, military, cultural efforts
must be made to mold the People’s Army and United Front in an
effective manner in the leadership of the Party. It is because ideological
and political education is the vital link in uniting the entire party for
great political struggles. Mao said thus about the importance of
theoretical education – “Theoretical education is the key to unify the
entire Party. Without this, the Party cannot achieve a single political
task”.
We can strengthen the three magic weapons – The Party, People’s
Army (now PLGA) and United Front (now the Mass Organisations,
organisations of the United Front and the local new democratic
governments) that are very important for the success of New Democratic
Revolution only by implementing appropriate organizational line and
military line according to the political line of the Party in the light of
MLM. Thus we can gradually overcome the present difficult situation,
ignite the flames of People’s War all over the country and facilitate the
path to develop as an invincible force. Therefore we have the
immediate task for which all the party committees in the various areas
of the country concentrate even in the present difficult situation of
our movement to improve education and to improve practice in the
light of the theory.
We accept MLM as our guiding theory and study it to understand
the world and our country as a part of it and transform them in a
revolutionary manner and to enhance the efficiency of the Party and
the average efficiency of the cadres of all levels in the Party. Therefore
theoretical education is one of the utmost important tasks in all the
activities of the Party. When we say theoretical education of the Party
it means learning. Basing on the knowledge gained in this process we
have to further enrich the policies of the Party and develop the party

106 People’s War-15 June 2019

ranks theoretically. Similar kind of education on the basis of study,
training and concrete application of theory is necessary to unite the
entire Party. It is definitely necessary for the Party leadership to
theoretically educate itself, to study the science of MLM to educate
the party theoretically, to train the ranks, to creatively apply its
principles to the concrete conditions, to directly participate in class
struggle, to unite with the Party ranks and the people in a close manner,
to learn from them and to rectify the mistakes. We need to immediately
overcome the negligence, lack of attention, formal method,
complacency, helplessness and spontaneity that is prevalent in various
levels regarding theoretical study and training. Unity of interest, unity
of practice in the Party and unity between the Party and the people are
very much necessary for successfully fulfilling the political tasks that
are taken up to achieve the goal of revolution. These three kinds of
unity can be achieved only when the Party follows proper theoretical,
political line. We can thus rectify the mistakes and wrongs in the process
of practice and overcome weaknesses.
Thus we need to take up regular Party education according to the
necessities of the movement in various areas of unequal development
and to the necessities of various spheres of the movement. Anyhow it
is hard to successfully immediately fulfill this task in the present
difficult condition. But in view of its importance the entire Party
committees, mainly the central and the state committees must adopt
creative methods and make serious efforts in this regard. Keeping in
view the structural character of our Party and the cadre policy of the
Party the PB is releasing a generalized, uniform syllabus for education
to impart planned, regular theoretical, political, organizational study
and training in the entire Party, PLGA and People’s Organisations
(wherever it is mentioned State Committee or District Committee it
also includes the committees equivalent to it).
For Party Primary Units and Gram Party Committees (GPC)
The members of the Party Primary Units must be given a clear
understanding about materialist dialectical theory, on the dialectical
method and historical materialism at least in a primary level for a
Marxist world outlook. They must be given a primary understanding
about social stages, capitalism, colonialism, imperialism,
June 2019 People’s War-15 107
neocolonialism and LPG policies. They must be taught about the history
of the independence movement of India as a colony of the British
imperialists, especially about the role of the proletariat/Communist
Party in the movement. They must be taught about the semi-colonial,
semi-feudal social condition since the transfer of power (nominal
independence) in 1947 August in India and about the changes in the
social condition. They must be given a primary understanding on the
social major, fundamental contradictions, the main contradictions and
other contradictions, the forms of exploitation of surplus value, about
forms of social oppression, about the parliamentary political system-
the ruling class and other parties and their class and social basis and
about the Brahmanic ideology. They must be provided with the primary
understanding about CPI (Maoist) - Indian Revolution – the character
of the Indian society, the revolutionary phase, immediate and
protracted objectives, political line, military line, targets, motive forces,
three magic weapons, semi-feudal armed agrarian revolutionary
program, anti-imperialist national democratic revolutionary program,
program against social oppression, program in the urban areas, the
formation of people’s army, guerilla war, the formation of organs of
political power, guerilla bases – liberated areas, ebbs and flows coming
in the process of revolution, advancing to achieve Socialism-
Communism after changing the present system by liberating the
villages, encircling the towns and ultimately establishing countrywide
power and establishing New Democratic society, the World Socialist
Revolution and Proletarian Internationalism.
They must have a primary understanding about the proletariat as
the leadership class for social revolution, the necessity of the
Communist Party as its vanguard, MLM as the guiding theory, the class
basis of the Party, the organizational character of the Party, Democratic
centralism, discipline, revolutionary work style (applying the theory
to the concrete condition, taking up criticism-self-criticism, learning
from mistakes), class line-mass line, the essentiality of strongly uniting
with the broad masses, of an organisation, of opposing anarchism and
liberalism inside the organisation, to go deep into practical work with
strong determination, to serve the people, ordinary life style and hard
work, the communist style of life and struggle working for the cause in
a selfless, sacrificing, courageous manner and strong will and other
108 People’s War-15 June 2019
such things. They must be given a primary understanding about the
vital aspects in the history of the Communist Party of India in the
leadership of the CPI and the CPM from 1025 to 1965, the importance of
the theoretical and political struggle put up against this revisionist
leadership by vanguard forces like Comrades CM, KC and others, the
importance of Naxalbari Armed Peasant Revolutionary struggle, the
importance of the formation of CPI (ML) and MCC parties, the main
ebbs and flows in the Indian Revolutionary movement, the importance
of the formation of the unity of revolutionaries – CPI (Maoist), the
history of the revolutionary movement in the leadership of the new
party, especially the concrete condition of the movement in the
respective states/areas. They must be given primary understanding
about the situation of the present immediate movement – the strategic
scheme and tasks of our Party and be prepared so as to formulate a
concrete program in view of the concrete situation of the respective
areas and work actively.
The activist groups of the party too must be educated with the
selected necessary aspects of these things. The party branches also
must be educated with the same syllabus. The GPCs must be imparted
training on methods of primary leadership so as to lead the party cells,
branches, activist groups, Mass Organisations, Militia and Revolutionary
People’s Committees.
Our Party Primary Units are built secretly with the advanced forces
among the people that come forth from the local class struggle as a
part of the building of revolutionary movement. These units exist as a
part of the local people’s organisations and lead the people through
them on the daily problems. These units persistently enlighten the
political consciousness of the people, isolate the main enemies,
develop unity among the people and guide them. They work selflessly
and courageously for the cause of communism and play an utmost role
in the basic level. This local theoretical, political, organizational, struggle
and cultural efforts alone help to form the appropriate strong basis to
expose revisionism and reformist tendencies depending on our correct
political line, for the formation of mass base, for building the three
magic weapons, for building Revolutionary People’s Committees, for
the preparation of Professional Revolutionaries, to remold their world

June 2019 People’s War-15 109

outlook and for their declassification. So, primary education must be
imparted to these units by the higher committees to provide the correct
theoretical, political understanding and to help for the development
of its organizational strength and capabilities. These units must
concentrate on explaining the politics of seizure of political power by
the peasantry that is, the path of PPW right from the beginning. They
must be enlightened about secret activities and developing guerilla
struggles and guerilla formations. Propaganda programs must be
conducted time to time and theoretical and political education must
be given so as to develop a higher consciousness in them to organize in
the RPC and struggle. The people must be taught about the semi-
colonial, semi-feudal society and the changes occurring in it. They must
be given an understanding about the forms of struggle and organisation
to be taken up according to the changing conditions. This training for
these units and people must be in a simple style, practical and in the
mother tongue. They must be given the necessary reference study
material and other necessary literature and made to study.
Reference Study Material
Basic documents of the party – MLM, Party Program, Party
Constitution, few chapters from the Strategy and Tactics of Indian
Revolution – the character of the present Indian society, analysis of the
classes in the Indian society, the fundamental tasks of people’s
democracy, central task of revolution-seizing political power through
protracted people’s war; Policy documents of the party – caste question,
woman’s question, nationality question, Policy and Program of
Revolutionary People’s Committees, PLGA program, the three forces
of PLGA and its tasks from the PLGA Handbook, especially the primary
study notes on the base force; Comrade CM – Eight historic documents
and two articles on Naxalbari struggle; CPC – Spring Thunder; Comrade
KC – Articles on Naxalbari (from Dakshindesh magazine), Review on
Sonarpur-Kanksha struggles; fundamental principles of MLM – Marxist
Philosophy, Political Economy, Scientific Socialism, primary study notes
on Strategy-Tactics; on the history of our Party (history of the respective
district and the state), the history of our country, history of modern
world, primary level study notes on parliamentary system; the primary
level study notes that the various State Committees and Education

110 People’s War-15 June 2019

departments prepared regarding social movements and sciences in
the local languages (for example the Rajneethik Siksha Maala – Part 1,
2 of BJSAC in Hindi; MAS study notes of DKEDC, BCTS text books), the
manifestoes of various Mass Organisations (worker, peasant, student,
youth, children, woman, elimination of caste, cultural, literary, civil
rights and others); the New Democratic Revolutionary alternate
program of our Party; the life histories of the great Marxist teachers,
international woman leaders, Comrades CM and KC, Jhansi Lakshmi,
Bhagat Singh, Chandrasekhar Azad, Savithribai Phule, Jyotirao Phule,
Ambedkar, Periyar, Kayyur heroes, Gaind Singh, Goondadur, Birsa
Munda, Alluri, Komaram Bheem, Lakshman Nayak and others; Marxvaad
parichay maala 1-5 (Sivavarma); articles on International woman’s Day
and May Day; Marx-Engels – Communist Manifesto; Marx – Wage, labor
and capital, Value, price and profit; Engels – Fundamental principles of
Communism, Role of labor in the transition from Ape to Man, Engel’s
speech near the grave of Marx; Lenin – tasks of Youth Leagues, the
three fundamental bases of Marxism – the three components, on
Frederick Engels, the historic task of Marxism, the historic future of the
teachings of Karl Marx, Organise, Marxism-Revisionism, on Religion,
on State, on Women, articles on Party Organisation; Stalin –
contradictions in young communist league, dialectical historic
materialism, articles on party organisation; Mao – Class analysis, Peasant
struggle in Hunan, three essays (in the memory of Norman Bethune,
serve the people, the foolish old man who removed the mountains),
New Democracy, on correct handling of contradictions among the
people, where do correct ideas come from, Communist-Expert, articles
on Party organisation, youth movement; Chou En Lai – Message to youth
– Learn from Mao, articles on party organisation; Emily Burns – What is
Marxism.
For Area Committees
They must be provided a clear understanding about the
fundamental principles especially the theory of materialism, dialectical
method, historical materialism, principles of contradiction, the
dialectical relation between theory and practice and the method of
creative application of theory to the concrete condition in order to
understand the MLM theory and to develop Marxist world outlook.

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They must be given the understanding about the caste based feudalism,
the present semi-colonial semi-feudal social condition, the changes in
this society, the social classes-class contradictions (major contradictions,
the fundamental contradictions in them, the main contradiction and
other contradictions), revolutionary phase, the theoretical and political
line of the party, New Democratic Revolution, Protracted People’s War,
three magic weapons, bourgeois democratic revolutions – capitalism,
colonialism, imperialism, neocolonialism and LPG policies – its impact
on the Indian society. The Area Committees must be provided better
understanding about the Indian Parliamentary political system, Indian
Constitution, ruling class parties, revisionist parties, government
reforms, counter revolutionary LIC policy – our counter tactics, sectional
movements – organisations, New Democratic Revolutionary alternate
program and other such theoretical, political issues. The AC members
must be made efficient to analyse the class contradictions, apply them
to practice and have the initiative to take up political, organizational
and struggle effort among the people and review their own experience
and learn lessons with the understanding of the social, economic,
political, military and cultural conditions of their area in the light of
MLM and in the light of the theoretical and political line of the Party.
Right from the beginning we must concentrate among the
peasantry to explain the politics of seizure of political power that is
the path of PPW. They must be enlightened about secret activities,
guerilla struggles and to develop guerilla formations. We must take up
propaganda activities time to time so that they can gain higher
consciousness to organize in an armed way in the Mass Organisations
and RPCs in order to develop and preserve class struggle and also be
imparted with theoretical and political education. The people must be
taught about semi-colonial, semi-feudal system and the changes in
them. They must have the understanding about the forms of struggle
and organisation according to the changing conditions. They must be
trained so as to identify themselves closely with the people, formulate
proper slogans and be able to take up propaganda and agitation and
political mobilization, to mobilise the peasantry and the broad masses
in the anti-feudal, anti-Comprador Bureaucratic Capitalist, anti-
imperialist, anti-state struggles, to mobilise the oppressed social
sections and democratic forces in various struggles against social
112 People’s War-15 June 2019
oppression and against suppression. We must impart training to them
so as they understand the necessity to adopt tactics to develop unity
among the broad masses by exposing bourgeois reformism and
revisionism, chiefly basing on the basic classes against the main
enemies and sustaining the friendly forces on our side. We must build
local organisations (class, sectional Mass Organisations, People’s Militia,
Primary Party Units, GPCs and RPCs) and train to deal them. They must
be trained in organizational issues like preparing the agenda of the
meetings of the local organisations, the meetings of the Area
Committees, correcting the points in the agenda in the meetings,
concluding the discussions, writing resolutions, writing reports on the
implementation of the resolutions and on the movement to the higher
committee, writing reviews, writing letters, statements, writing
pamphlets, preparing slogans and methods of propaganda, writing
accounts, maintaining records, implementing secret method of
functioning. They must be given field training on the formation of local
organisations, on making them function efficiently, on making class
struggle. The field training must be such that the leadership comrades
must conduct the meetings of the local organisations together with
the AC cadres and provide direct guidance and experience. We must
see that the efficiency of the AC cadres increases through this field
training. They must also be trained in organizing the advanced elements
that stand in the forefront in the Party Primary Units, to recruit them as
Professional Revolutionaries in the Party and the Army, in efforts in
the cultural sphere, in agricultural production and in conducting welfare
activities.
The local and area level organisations must be imparted
theoretical, political, organizational and military training so that they
remold their world outlook, improve their method of study, method of
leadership, work style, firmly abide to discipline, properly implement
democratic centralism, realizing and rectifying the mistakes that come
forth or continue in their understanding and practice, putting forth
self-criticism and criticism without hesitation to learn from study and
practice, to pointedly criticize non-proletarian trends that arise in the
party, implementing class line and mass line in the real spirit and to
solve the contradictions among the people in a proper manner with
the objective to maintain unity among them. They must be trained on
June 2019 People’s War-15 113
aspects like reviewing the practice and taking lessons, understanding
the social conditions, movement and the enemy offensive and making
an assessment. The Area cadres must be trained in running the RPCs
from the village level to the area level making agrarian revolution and
guerilla war, in coordinating the various organisations, sectors,
movements, especially the open and secret activities and in leading
the movement in the area according to the district and the state
perspective.
The Area Committees play an utmost vital and direct leadership
role like pillars in building the revolutionary movement working among
the oppressed classes and oppressed social sections in the theoretical,
political, organizational, military, cultural, production, welfare and
other spheres in the light of MLM. We can build strong foundations in
all the sectors of people’s war in the area level only by basing on the
training given to the Area Committees in formulating tactics with a
strategic view according to the conditions of the area and in creatively
applying the decisions of the higher committees to the conditions of
their area. We can thus pay a strong basis to the development of district
level movement and the development of district level cadres. In view
of all these the AC comrades must not simply drown in routine work
always but pay attention to study. They must be trained in time according
to the necessities of the movement from the higher committee.
Reference Study Material
The Area cadres who could not study, be trained or did not pay
proper attention to study when in the lower level must study selected
material from the reference study material of the Party Primary Units.
Fundamental principles of MLM – Marxist Philosophy, Political Economy,
basic study notes on brief history of MLM; Party basic documents; among
the policy documents of the party, the party’s stand on caste question,
woman’s perspective, the stand of the party on nationality question,
policy program of RPC, jail commune, relevant parts from PLGA
handbook (PLGA program, base force and secondary forces in PLGA,
party’s stand towards military actions, principles of practice of the PLGA,
Party Committees in PLGA, Commissions-Commands); Marx – Class
struggle in France, Civil War in France, on Trade Unions; Engels –
Socialism, utopian or scientific, foreword to ‘Peasant war in Germany’;

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Lenin – on Karl Marx, What is to be done, Imperialism – the Highest
stage of Capitalism, imperialism-the dawn of social revolution,
imperialism-split in socialism, state and revolution, on religion, the
tasks of the Third International, principles of organisation of the
Communist party of the Third International, thesis on the question of
national colonialism, thesis on agrarian problem; Stalin – dialectical
historical materialism, Anarchism or Socialism, Foundations of
Leninism, Language question, on October Revolution, on Party
organisation; Mao – Where do correct ideas come from, Dialectical
historical materialism, Practice, Contradictions, China Revolution –
China Communist Party, New Democracy, Guerilla War, Basic tactics,
Let us reform our methods of study, Oppose book worship,
Subjectivism, On relations between practice and knowledge and
between knowing and doing; Articles of Lenin, Stalin, Mao, Dimitrov,
Chou En Lai, Chute on Party organisation; CPC – A Basic understanding
of CPC, Political work, Fundamental rules of Chinese Soviet, Women’s
liberation in China; PCP - …guide; CPP – RPC; CPN (M) – URPC program;
CPI (Maoist) – basic study notes on Indian Economy, on the history of
the Party and NDR, the Political and Organisational Reviews of the
concerned Area/District/State, POR of the Unity Congress-Ninth
Congress, brief histories of PW and MCCI parties (People’s War/Lal
Pathaka, 2005).
AC Hand book; on the building of three magic weapons until the
area level, on conducting meetings, on the coordination between the
various organisations and sectors, on democratic centralism, on criticism
and self-criticism, on Party discipline, class analysis, field trainings,
education-rectification campaigns, bolshevization campaigns, selected
ones from the circulars/letters/resolutions of the DC, SC, RB and CC
especially from the DC and AC circulars/letters/resolutions and selected
articles from the central and the state magazines; the manifestoes of
Mass Organisations; on worker’s movement, on peasant movement,
on woman, student and youth movements, on Mass Organisations, on
United Front, on People’s Militia, on RPCs, on the woman’s question,
caste question, on LIC policy paper, on cadre policy, on party
organisation, articles and study material on guerilla war; Language and
grammar.

June 2019 People’s War-15 115

 For District Committees
The district level cadres must be trained so as to have a
comprehensive understanding on the fundamental principles of MLM
(Marxist Philosophy, Political Economy, Scientific Socialism, proletarian
strategy-tactics), the history of International Communist movement
especially the Paris commune, the histories of the revolutions in Russia
and China, the history of Three Internationals, Great Debate and GPCR
so as to understand MLM, to remold their world outlook into Marxist
world outlook, to know the method of applying practice to theory and
to build and lead the revolutionary movement. They must be imparted
training so as to help to build the movement with a comprehensive
understanding regarding the ordinary political line of the party and the
path of PPW. They must be taught the history of the country especially
the social, economic, political, military and cultural developments since
1857 and also the history of the state. The history of the world, especially
the bourgeois democratic revolutions, the question of migration of
nationalities, imperialism, revisionism, crisis, fascism, war, proletarian
revolution – formation of socialist state, war and peace, nationality
liberation movements, neocolonialism, capitalist restoration in the
Socialist state, Social-imperialism, LPG policies and its impact on the
world and our country. Counter revolutionary LIC policy and our policy
counter to LIC must be comprehensively explained.
The basic documents and policy documents of the party, Indian
economy, on the history of CPI [on the right and left lines the CPI
followed from 1925 to 1967, the neo-revisionist line of the CPM, on the
history of ML/Maoist party (the various right and left lines that came
forth the ML movement), on the process of unity of ML revolutionary
groups and formation of CPI (Maoist) especially the history of Maoist
movement of the concerned states] must be thoroughly explained.
The training must be such that the cadres can study the social conditions,
the changes in them in the concerned district and state and the ebbs
and flows in the district revolutionary movement in the light of MLM,
the basic and policy documents of the party, properly analyse their
own experiences and the experiences of the movement in their
purview and take lessons. They must be trained to adopt tactics
according to the concrete conditions and implement them from the

116 People’s War-15 June 2019

forefront, to creatively apply and implement the decisions of the
regional, state and the central committees to the conditions of their
district and to build and strengthen the Party, Army and United Front in
their district. The training must be such that they do not always be
drowned in the routine local work but pay attention to theoretical and
political study.
The district cadres must be taught with examples about remolding
and revolutionizing their world outlook, the method of study, method
of leadership, improve work style, strictly abide to discipline, properly
implement democratic centralism and strengthen the collective work
style, collective leadership-individual responsibilities, to take up self-
criticism and criticism without hesitation to realize and rectify the
mistakes that arise and continue in the understanding and practice and
learn and teach from study-practice, putting forth criticism in a straight
manner, implementing class line and mass line in its true spirit and in
correct handling of contradictions among the people with the aim to
maintain unity among them. They must be explained about the self-
collective effort to be made to impart effective theoretical, political,
organizational and military training to all the organisations in various
levels. The higher committee must give organizational training and
field training to the DC cadres. This training must not only keep in view
the changes in the movement but also to develop the organizational
talent of the cadres to be elected into the DCs. Training must be
imparted explaining practical experiences to review the practice and
take lessons, to understand the social conditions, movement and
enemy offensive and assess it and other such things. The district cadres
must be trained in building and dealing the RPCs from the village level
to the district level making agrarian revolution and guerilla war to make
the PPW successful, in building the guerilla bases, in coordinating the
various organisations, spheres and movements in the district especially
the open and secret activities and in leading the district movement
according to the regional/state perspective.
In view of the concrete social conditions of our country in the
present time every district (area of the movement) constitutes rural,
sub-urban and town areas with little differences and is relatively more
broad and with more population. There is unequal development in the

June 2019 People’s War-15 117

social conditions of not only the country and the state but also in those
of the district. In view of this in addition to developing the
understanding about our fundamental political and military tactics of
revolution we have to provide understanding about the tactics to be
adopted in the respective district. Moreover in view of the tasks of the
district movement every district has a strategic role in various forms.
Therefore there is enormous importance to develop the theoretical,
political understanding of the district cadres, to deepen their Marxist
world outlook, to bring them a hold on applying theory to practice, to
make them adopt proper tactics according to the conditions and to
develop their leadership talents in order to develop them as efficient
leadership cadres.
The district cadres must make wide and deep study to improve
their method of study. The district cadres must make practical efforts
to form RPCs by building the three magic weapons and intensify and
widen the guerilla war according to the perspective of accomplishing
NDR through PPW and also to provide efficient leadership in all sectors
of the district, rural, town and plain areas. We can thus form a basis to
prepare the necessary cadres for Party, Army and UF from the district
to the state level and to develop cadres for the RC and SC from efficient
and relatively more experienced district cadres and build a strong
movement in the state.
Zonal Committee members and the AC secretaries/members that
are part of the Sub-Zonal Committees must be given education so that
they can provide efficient leadership to the Sub-Zonal movement.
Selected literature from the syllabus of the Zonal Committee must be
utilized to educate the Sub-Zonal cadres. Basing on this the Sub-Zonal
cadres must be made to study and be trained. The concerned Regional
and State Committees must take up this responsibility.
Reference Study Material
Those district cadres who could not study, get training or did not
pay attention as area cadres must study selected literature from the
reference study material of the Area Committees. Marx – Poverty of
philosophy, thesis of Feuerbach, the Eighteenth Brumaire Louis
Bonaparte, on Paris Commune, the inaugural address in the
International Workingmen’s Association, the general principles of
118 People’s War-15 June 2019
International Workingmen’s Association, on Trade Unions; Civil war in
France, criticism on Gotha program; Engels – Origin of family, private
property and state, conditions of working class in England, the end of
Ludwig Feuerbach-German classical philosophy, peasant war in
Germany, on Paris Commune, on power, military articles; Marx-Engels
– on Paris Commune; Lenin – Marx-Marxist theory, What is to be done,
Two tactics of Social democracy, on Paris Commune, One step forward-
two steps backward, development of capitalism in Russia, capitalism
in agriculture, thesis on agrarian question, the importance of militant
materialism, reformism in the working class movement in Europe, April
thesis, the program of proletarian revolutionary war, the collapse of
Second International, proletarian revolution-renegade Kautsky,
Imperialism-the highest stage of capitalism, state, imperialism-split in
socialism, the program of Third International, organizational principles
of Third International, Third International-its place in history, elections,
the question of migration of nationalities, Soviets-dual power, Paris
Commune, 1905 Revolution, tactics, War-Peace, woman’s question,
intellectuals’ question, compromise-agreements, articles on Trade
Unions-Mass Organisations, on war-peace, on Soviets, on October
Revolution; Stalin – Socialism or Anarchism, Foundations of Leninism,
the history of Bolshevik party, Marxism-linguistics, Opposition; Mao –
struggle in Chingkang mountains, a single spark will become a prairie
fire, how does red political power exist in China, Essays on philosophy,
Contradictions, Practice, Military writings, Articles on education-
rectification, New Democracy, methods of leadership, articles on work
style, coalition government, on liberated areas, on agrarian
revolutionary reforms, articles on economic policy, on imperialism,
war-peace, on art and literature, on woman’s question, articles on
cultural revolution; CPC – the report of the first Congress of the Soviets;
articles on soviets; assessment on Stalin in the articles of Great debate,
neocolonialism, fake communism of Khrushchev, June 14 letter and
articles, the history of modern China – Ho Kanchi, first part of Shanghai
textbook (on Political economy), selected documents and articles on
GPCR, military writings of Chute; Women’s liberation in China (Claudi
Broyle), Women in the liberation struggle in China (Editor – Women of
China, New World Press), Women in revolutionary China – Party (Dalia
Devin), woman’s question before and after revolution in China – APCMS
June 2019 People’s War-15 119
paper, Sandino’s daughters – the stories of women in Nicaragua struggle
(Margarett Randel), Women in Indian working class movement (APCMS
seminar papers), there is no history without women – Indian women
in movements (V Gargi); Our Party – the documents of erstwhile PW
party and MCCI party on Deng revisionist clique and Maoism;
documents of the Unity Congress (basic documents and the central and
the state documents of POR); party policy documents (urban work,
cadre policy, LIC policy-our counter tactics, PLGA handbook, formation
of international organisation, China Social-imperialism); documents
of rectification campaign; CPI (ML) Eighth Congress (1970) documents;
CPI (ML) (People’s War); Self-Critical Report (1980) document, the POR
of Andhra Pradesh State 12th Conference, POR of the All India Special
Conference (1995); PU - 1, 2, 3 (1997) PORs of central conferences; CPI
(ML) [People’s War] – POR of the Ninth Congress (2001); MCCI – PORs of
the 1st and 2nd conferences (1986, 1996), CPI (ML) Naxalbari – basic
documents; Basic positions, Review note (2008 March), Military line
(2010 January), on party organisation and guidelines on preparations
(2010 January), guidelines for work among people and Mass
Organisations, struggle against Brahmanism (2010 January), documents
on guidelines for UF activities (2010 February; study class basic notes –
MLM - Marxist Philosophy, Political economy, Indian economy, Party
history (1925-67); articles published in People’s War magazine – world
War, Three world theory, fascism, neocolonialism, globalization;
selected articles from Lal Pathaka, People’s War and Lal Chingari; CPP –
Bario Organising Committee guide, PCP – RPC; CPN (M) – URPC program;
Language and grammar.
For Town and City Committees
Except for the Kolkata city movement during the Naxalbari days,
the town and city committees of the Party have worked as area and
district level committees during the two erstwhile Maoist streams [CPI
(ML), MCCI] or since the formation of the new Party – CPI (Maoist). Few
city committees worked in a theoretical, political and organizational
level and played a political role more than the district level committee.
But due to enemy repression and subjective mistakes they were
affected or weakened before they sustained for a long time. In many
areas we could not reorganize the town and city committees. But

120 People’s War-15 June 2019

though the urban movement was affected to a large extent within four
to five years after the formation of the new party we gained new
experiences in some states.
We wrote clearly about the strategic role, the tactics, functioning
and tasks of the urban movement the document on strategy and tactics
of Indian Revolution and urban work. As a part of it we adopted
fundamentally correct guidance on Party organisation, study and
training. Basing on it we adopted tasks and plan to develop the urban
movement but due to the intense counter revolutionary offensive all
over the country during the same period and due to subjective mistakes
our urban movement was affected to a large extent. An important
subjective mistake was – in view of the changes in the urban areas as a
part of the changes in the conditions of the country, the central and the
state leadership did not think in a deep manner and take fast necessary
decisions to protect the subjective forces from the enemy offensive
and work and about the changes to be made in the forms of struggle
and organisations and functioning. An inseparable important aspect of
this is the lack of proper attention towards study and training. Therefore
it is necessary for the party units in the towns/cities and all the party
committees to realize deeply the importance of study and training and
make special efforts for the same with the objective to reorganize the
movements in the urban and plain areas.
During the period of LPG policies in the interests of the imperialists
and Indian comprador ruling classes there were relatively fast changes
in the relations between the towns and villages, in the dependency of
the villages on the towns and in the impact of the villages on the towns.
According to such considerable changes the urban movement, the
movements in the outskirts of the towns and the legal/open
democratic movements based on towns became increasingly important
in the PPW. As a result of the changes in the objective conditions the
situation of entwinement of the rural and urban movements – anti-
feudal, anti-social oppression, imperialist, comprador bureaucratic
capital and state became entwined to a large extent. Keeping this in
mind we can build a strong and secret party with a wide and deep mass
base and a mass character and a strong people’s army with the active
support of the people by basing on the main field of work, the rural

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area and the main force of peasantry as per the political line of our
party and work among the broad non-peasant masses in the rural areas,
the working class and people of all sectors in the urban areas and
accomplish NDR.
The study and training to the town cadres and city cadres must be
taken up as per the syllabus of the area and district cadres (except for
those only useful for the rural areas). Along with this syllabus, study
notes and reference study material must be prepared specially for the
organisation of the town and the city movements. Special syllabus
must be prepared and given for study and these comrades be trained
about the aspects of urban work in the document on strategy and tactics
of Indian revolution, on the document on urban work, on labor laws,
the important changes in social, economic, political, military, transport,
communication, administration, education, health, cultural and other
such sectors in the urban areas due to the LPG policies, on the
similarities and differences in these changes, on the concrete situation
of the concerned area, on the history of the working class movement
in the town/city/state/country, our orientation regarding urban work,
the forms of struggle and organisation, the legal and democratic
movements being built based on towns, secret party organisation and
on coordination between secret and open activities. The concerned
leadership and cadres must study the situation in the towns and cities
in their purview to creatively apply the theory to the concrete condition
and for concrete education. Also education must be imparted to the
primary party units, factory/town/college party committees in the
towns and cities. The concerned higher committees must make them
study and train them combining other aspects so as to enhance their
political, organizational, struggle and technical understanding and the
efficiency and talents of leadership.
Party education must definitely be imparted to party comrades
working in small towns, district centres and outskirts of towns in the
direct leadership of the area and district committees in places where
mainly rural movement is going on. They must also be given the training
that is being given to the town cadres and city cadres. There must be
little changes in the syllabus and reference study material. The
responsibility lies with the district, regional and state committees.

122 People’s War-15 June 2019

Regarding the urban movement being built basing on the rural areas
the concerned party leadership committees must make a study of the
concrete situation in order to build revolutionary movement in the
towns and outskirts. New forces must be organized and trained in a
planned manner. Proper forces must be selected, trained and allotted.
Special attention must be paid to the study and training of the cadres
of these areas.
Reference study material
The following literature must be given as reference study material
for the town and the city committees – aspects regarding the urban
movement in the document on strategy and tactics of Indian revolution
and in the POR of the Unity Congress-Ninth Congress; document on
urban work of the new party; document of the AP State Committee of
CPI(ML) (1973)on urban work; circulars/letters of the central and the
state committees on secret functioning; experiences of the urban
movements in Kolkata, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Delhi, Singareni, Dhanbad,
Warangal, Visakhapatnam and other towns; the experiences of the
movements of the workers, urban poor, students, youth, intellectuals,
employees, professionals, women, Dalits, fisher-folk, minorities, small
and medium type traders, farmers and Adivasis since the initiation of
LPG policies in the country; history of Indian working class movement
written by Sukumal Sen; present Trade Unions – Worker’s movements,
outsourcing, migration of workers, employees’ organisations-
movements, especially the history of the working class in the concerned
city and state; the history of international worker, student, women,
environment movements; labor laws and International Labor
Organisation (ILO); Marx on Trade Union movements, the parts related
to working class movement and urban movement in the history of
Bolshevik party and the history of modern China, the experiences of
Shanghai city, articles on working class movements and urban
movements in the writings of Li Shao chi, Chen Yun and Chou En Lai,
relevant articles in Marxism-Guerilla War, Novels like Prasantha
Prathyushalu, Udayageethika, Erra Mandaralu, Naa kutumbam, Ditavu
gundelu, the secret methods of ANC of South Africa; the experiences
of the urban movements in Peru, Philippines and Nepal; Language and
grammar.

June 2019 People’s War-15 123

 For State Committees
The State Committees will have to adopt proper tactics in the
light of MLM and basing on the political line of the party and with the
comprehensive perspective related to PPW, keeping in mind the
concrete condition of the ebbs and flows of the All India movements
and the movement in the concerned state, in the conditions of the
country and internationally, and the concrete conditions in the
movement in various areas of their state, take up practice in
revolutionary work style and have to develop the revolutionary
movement. The state level cadres have to follow class line – mass line
and adopt proper slogans and proper tactics constantly and gain hold in
mobilising and organizing the broad worker peasant and other masses
into the field of political struggle, developing subjective strength and
weakening the strength of the enemy. They will have to gain hold in
the work of building and strengthening the Party, People’s Army and
United Front in the process of PPW, in conducting guerilla war and in
the building of organs of New Democratic political power/liberated
areas. They will have to solve the concrete problems of the
revolutionary movement in the light of the theory, analyse their
experiences and the experiences of the movement in their area and
develop their understanding and tactics basing on them. They will have
to pay proper attention on strategy and tactics not only in improving
the methods of leadership and methods of study and in taking decisions
on their own but also in guiding the party committees of their purview.
The State Committees must have to train the party committees of their
purview in theoretical, political, organizational, military and cultural
sectors and also impart political training to the people. They have to
demonstrate proletarian consciousness so as to not fear self-criticism
and criticism, the internal struggles of the party and not be hesitant to
fight to preserve the party line. They must not fear the enemy
offensives and stand in the forefront of the party ranks and provide
guidance with utmost courage and dare and sacrificing nature. They
must make efforts to stay away from liberalism and bureaucracy and
must also develop the initiative and active role of the party ranks and
the people. They have to play an active role in the political life of the
party by speaking their opinions on the guidance of the Regional
Bureau/CC and about the movements of other areas and spheres. Thus
124 People’s War-15 June 2019
the state level cadres must apply their valuable experiences to the
Indian Revolutionary movement and play an utmost important strategic
tactical role in the New Democratic Revolution.
The state level cadres require deep understanding – on the history
of MLM that developed in three phases and the theoretical and political
struggles in it; on the development of international revolutionary
movement and on the development of theory; on the theoretical and
political struggles in the history of our party in 1925-1967 and 1967-
2018, the development of revolutionary movement and the
development of the party line and strategy and tactics; on the history
of our country, on the history of modern world and the present domestic
and international situation; the main characteristics of the revolutionary
war of our country – the strategy and tactics of protracted people’s war,
formation of people’s army, basic tactics of people’s war, making guerilla
war and establishment of liberated areas; on the experiences of our/
present communist and nationality liberation movement counter to
the counter revolutionary LIC policy; on the bourgeois revisionist
theoretical trends prevalent in the country and internationally; on the
proletarian strategy and tactics to be followed in the new democratic
and socialist revolutionary stages; on continuing revolution until we
achieve communism in the dictatorship of the proletariat in the socialist
society and on continuing cultural revolutions as a part of it.
Therefore all the state cadres must take up wide, deep,
comprehensive and comparable study with great attention and interest.
They must make a conscious effort to play an active and efficient
leadership role in revolutionary practice. The Central Committee must
train them so that they become such cadres and also lend active and
efficient leadership to them. Only thus the state committees shall be
built and strengthened with cadres theoretically and politically
developed, organizationally experienced, having a hold on the
revolutionary work style, standing firmly amidst reactionary
revolutionary offensives and lending leadership with courage, tested
in practice and gained the confidence of the party ranks and the people
of their purview. Only thus efficient central level leadership cadres
that can lead the Indian revolutionary movement will develop from
these committees and also in the far future. The study and training of

June 2019 People’s War-15 125

the state level cadres must be persistent and according to this in a high
level.
The role of the Regional Committees in our movement is similar
to that of the State Committees with certain important differences.
The study, training and education and the reference material that these
committees have to impart to the lower committees are similar to that
taken up by the State Committees with certain important differences.
The concerned State Committee, Regional Bureau/CC comrades must
concretize the study, training and reference study material of the
Regional Committees.
Reference study material
The state cadres who could not study and get trained as district
cadres must study selected literature from the reference study material
of the district committees – the history of MLM in three phases (Marxist
philosophy, political economy, scientific socialism, proletarian strategy
and tactics); as a part of it the workers’ organisations and their struggles
in the International Communist Movement, the objective and tasks of
the proletariat, proletarian party, revolutionary revolt/socialist
revolution, state machinery, United Front, peasant problem, people’s
army, the question of migration of nationalities, strategy and tactics,
proletarian dictatorship, socialist construction, Trade Unionism/
economism, labor aristocracy/revisionism, proletarian
internationalism, war-peace, woman’s question, family, art and
literature, environment, development in science and technology,
capitalism-imperialism, colonialism, neocolonialism, social
imperialism, neoliberal policies of the imperialists – the stand of various
domestic and international proletarian parties towards important issues
like the impact of these policies in the world especially in the class
struggle and all spheres and on the theoretical struggle between the
parties, correspondence between them; Marx – thesis on Feuerbach,
introduction to contribution to critique of political economy, criticism
of economy, criticism on Gotha program, Civil war in France, Capital,
theories of capital and surplus value, the question of migration, on the
Eastern societies; Engels – Ludwig Feuerbach-the end of German
classical philosophy, peasant war in Germany, Anti-During, Dialectics
of nature, domestic problem; Origin of family, private property and

126 People’s War-15 June 2019

state; Lenin – Marxism-Revisionism, proletarian revolution-renegade
Kautsky, Left wing Communism-infantile disorder, Materialism-
pragmatism - a criticism, notes on philosophy, articles on propaganda
and agitation, articles on party organisation, articles on military
organisation, articles on strategy and tactics, on new economic policy,
articles on socialist construction, articles on the question of migration
of nationalities; Stalin – problems of Leninism, Opposition, history of
Soviet Communist Party (Bolshevik), Marxism-nationality question,
nationality question-Leninism, language question, soviet economic
problems; Mao – compilations of Mao’s writings on various subjects –
essays on philosophy, military writings, articles on party organisation,
methods of leadership and articles on work style, articles on education
and rectification, articles on united front, articles on the establishment
of liberated areas, articles on agrarian revolutionary reforms, articles
on economic policy, criticism of soviet economy, articles on imperialism
and war-peace, continuing revolution in socialist society – articles on
cultural revolution, articles on art and literature, articles on woman’s
question; CPC – articles of Great debate, history of modern China,
Shanghai textbook; selected writings of chute, documents of CPC
Congress from 1-10, documents and articles regarding cultural
revolution, articles from Peking Review; advanced study class notes of
our party – MLM, Marxist philosophy, political economy, history of the
Communist Party of India (1925-67), Indian Economy; our party –
documents of the Eighth Congress of CPI (M), Charu Mazumdar’s
writings, articles from Liberation magazine; histories of Punapra-
Vayalar, Tebhaga, Telangana, Varli peasant movements; Naxalbari,
Srikakulam, Terai, Mushahari, Lakhimpur-Kheri, Beerbhum, Kanksha,
Sonarpur, Kolkata, Bhojpur and other great movements of the Naxalbari
period; the documents of the first and second central conferences of
MCCI, the documents of the State Conferences of Bihar-Jharkhand and
Bengal; People’s War party - the documents of the various State
Conferences, the documents of the All India Special Conference, the
Ninth Congress documents; PU party – the documents of the three
central conferences, those of the state conferences; Naxalbari party –
basic documents and other important documents; documents of the
Unity Congress – Ninth Congress, party policy documents, articles on
the internal theoretical struggle of the party, articles on the theoretical
June 2019 People’s War-15 127
struggle in the international sphere; the histories of important peasant,
adivasi, worker, student, youth, cultural and literary, woman,
elimination of caste and other social sections and anti-displacement
struggles that took place from the ending of 1970s; history of India;
Indian economy, class notes on the history of CPI; Deviprasad
Chattopadhyay on Indian philosophy; Kosambi on history; Ambedkar
writings; RS Sharma’s books on caste and religion; Suniti Kumar Ghosh
– feudalism, comprador bourgeois class, nationality question, partition
of the country, books on planning; selected books and articles on the
worker, peasant, woman, dalit, adivasi, student-youth and nationality
movements; Indian Constitution, charters of the United Nations; LIC –
the manuals of the US military on LIC, George Thompson’s book on the
implementation of LIC in Malaya communist revolution, articles of
Turkey, Philippines and US Maoist parties on LIC, our party document
on LIC; important documents of the Maoist parties of Malaya, Thailand,
Philippines, Peru, US, Turkey, Bangladesh, Nepal and other such
countries; Language and grammar.
Central Committee
Our party has the great goal to destroy capitalist imperialist system
on this earth and establish Socialism-Communism. Marxism-Leninism-
Maoism lends the theoretical guidance to all our activities for achieving
this goal. As a part of achieving this goal our immediate aim is to
accomplish New Democratic Revolution by destroying the three
mountains of imperialism, feudalism and comprador bureaucratic
bourgeois system that lie as a burden on the vast masses of our country.
In our country revolution means people’s war and so in order to achieve
this immediate objective until we reach the final goal of Socialism-
Communism, the members of the CC have to remold themselves as
politicians and fighters, preserve the proletarian theory and politics,
fight on one hand with imperialist fascism and on the other with right
and left opportunism, strengthen and remold the party according to
this and take up continuous revolution. This shall be the main task of
the CC of our party.
In order to efficiently make revolution our party must not only
take up MLM theory as the guiding theory but also apply this theory in
a creative manner. It must adopt correct line according to the conditions

128 People’s War-15 June 2019

of the country and implement it. Only by following the correct line our
party will develop into a strong force from a weak force, armed forces
will be formed from the ruins and it will be possible to seize state
power. If we follow wrong line revolution shall setback, the victories
achieved shall be lost. Therefore our party must adopt MLM stand,
understanding and methods according to the fundamental principles
of MLM and take up periodical, deep social investigations and study
about class relations in our society. It must concretely analyse the
conditions time to time, the history of the country and the
characteristics of the revolution of the country. It must independently
solve the theoretical and the theoretical and practical problems related
to revolution. We have to definitely learn from international
experience. But we should not duplicate this experience mechanically.
Our party must develop our experience in a creative manner in the
light of the real issues of our country. Only thus our party can advance
the revolution towards victory. It can only thus serve the World
proletarian revolution.
The Central Committee must have cadres of the central level with
abundant theoretical, historical knowledge and about the present
conditions of the country and the world, clarity towards the theoretical
and political line of the party, hold in creatively applying the theory in
revolutionary practice, stand firm in the arduous path of protracted
struggle and gain prolonged experience, gain the confidence of the
lower ranks and elected by the representatives who stand in the
forefront of the entire party and lend efficient leadership; they must
constantly mold the people’s opinion according to the revolution and
bring out the active, creative role of the people in people’s war; develop
the political consciousness of the party ranks and the people so that
they can demarcate between real friends and real foes, real Marxists
and fake Marxists; must lead them in the path of revolution with self-
confidence and courage to seize state power fighting back the intrigues,
machinations and the neo Goebbels propaganda of the reactionary
ruling classes and the imperialists to divert the people from the path
of revolution; must constantly pay attention towards strategy and tactics
and gain expertise in properly utilizing them in different conditions (in
the domestic and international conditions and according to the changes
in revolutionary war); must not fear the severe difficulties and fierce
June 2019 People’s War-15 129
counter revolutionary offensives, temporary defeats and blows in the
process of protracted people’s war, learn from the sharp experiences
of class struggle, fight courageously, destroy the strength of the enemy
in pieces, develop subjective strength quantitatively and qualitatively
and step forward successfully to achieve the goal; will have to not only
see the process of the present incidents beforehand but also assess
the future process and its direction in order to escape from the
unexpected dangers that come across in the process of revolution,
find solutions even in complex conditions and advance; will have to
realize and sincerely admit the mistakes and wrongs in the process of
class struggle, learn from them and teach the people; fight firmly and
correctly against the non-proletarian trends and the right and the left
trends that arise in the party, defeat them and preserve the unity of
the party and the party line; must have the communist consciousness
of fighting against selfishness constantly taking class struggle as the
vital link for the great cause of establishing communist society and not
in vested interest (of post, prestige, corruption, caste, religion, gender,
region and relatives) and keep politics in command; sincerely believe
that people are the makers of history and play the efficient leadership
role to serve them selflessly, be in the forefront and play the role of
revolutionary construction to lead them to achieve the final victory;
and continue revolution in the guidance of the correct line in the
dictatorship of the proletariat with the goal of Communism and see
that political power in the socialist society that is formed after the
establishment of new democratic state does not go into the hands of
the revisionist/reactionary forces and capitalism is not restored,
revolutionize the world outlook of the proletariat and the broad masses
and lend leadership in the light of those great experiences with the
perspective of successfully making cultural revolutions.
In the protracted people’s war before a small weak force defeats
a big strong force and achieves final victory, due to the unceasing utmost
cruel, merciless counter revolutionary offensive there are at times
severe losses and setbacks. This is not only our experience but that of
many revolutionary parties of the world. Only by training the party so
that it properly implements the theoretical and political line in the
light of MLM and staunchly stick to this line we can implement proper
organisation and military lines. Only by proper implementation of our
130 People’s War-15 June 2019
correct theoretical and political line we can solve the problems in the
political mobilization of the worker peasant and vast masses and the
problems in the process of armed struggle in a proper manner; we can
only thus develop the secret character and organizational strength of
the party; implement democratic centralism in its spirit and in addition
to strengthening the unity, centralized leadership and discipline of the
party we can develop the initiative of the members of the entire party
and the people; we can follow class line and mass line; we can
thoroughly successfully cleanse non-proletarian trends; we can
properly conduct the struggle between two lines and develop the unity
of the party; we can concentrate mainly among the proletariat and
agricultural workers and poor peasantry, build party units and spread
them, recruit them as Professional Revolutionaries in a big manner,
bring them into the leadership in the process of practice and sustain
the proletarian character of the party; we can develop the proletarian
leadership role in revolution; we can spread the party in other
democratic classes and sections; and can build a strong party and strong
party leadership. Strong party organisation and strong party leadership
are mutually dependent. The leadership is the main, vital, strategic
and stands in the forefront of the entire party. We can make the party
strong and invincible only when our Central Committee and all the
ranks of the party in its leadership work hard consciously and with a
firm will, fight courageously and learn from own experiences and those
of the world revolution. But none of these fall from the sky. This is one
of the utmost valuable lessons we have to learn from the history of
invincible Bolshevik party and Communist Party of China.
Enough number of higher rank leadership cadres is definitely
necessary to accomplish the Indian Revolution. So the Central
Committee must individually make theoretical study as per its high
stage and train all the ranks along with the state cadres theoretically.
We must definitely rectify the mistakes in our study and party
education. The reference study material of the state cadres must be
the minimum study material of the CC cadres. All the CC level cadres
must have a minimum knowledge on this material. They must make
constant efforts to gain hold on them. All the literature that helps to
solve the problem of Indian revolution shall be the study material of
the central level cadres. They must normally study to develop deep
June 2019 People’s War-15 131
knowledge on the fundamental principles of MLM, on the history of
the International Communist Movement, the history of the communist
movement of our country, on the present conditions of our country
and the world and on our revolutionary war. We have to pay attention
on solving the problems of the movement in the light of MLM, working
as per the rules of social development with the goal of accomplishing
Indian New Democratic Revolution and select the literature that helps
for this and take up wide, deep, comprehensive and comparative study.
The present central level cadres must take up the following aspects for
their study – deep study on the changes in the social conditions of the
country to enrich our strategy and tactics by solving the utmost important
problems of the Indian Revolutionary movement with the aim of
advancing the movement; make deeper study of the Party history to
learn much more from our rich experiences; make a much more deeper
study into the revolutions of Philippines, Peru, Nepal,, Bangladesh,
Turkey and other revolutions to learn much more from the experiences
of the world revolution; study the domestic and international politics
to deeply understand the ebbs and flows of the revolutions of our
country and the world. We must keep them in view and give utmost
importance to individual study. The CC must also pay proper attention
to collective study.
Comrades,
The aim of our party education is to develop the efficiency of the
party and as a part of it the average efficiency of all levels of cadres to
properly solve the problems of revolution and achieve successes and
to strengthen the theoretical and political foundations of the entire
party and develop strongly the Party, People’s Army and United Front
in the leadership of the party. Comrades of the CC to the GPC must
keep this syllabus and reference study material in view and make
individual study and collective and comprehensive study in the
respective committees. There is enormous importance to collective
study in the present concrete situation of our party. Those who know
to read must read for those who do not. Those who cannot read must
get read through others and also make severe efforts to learn to read
and write. The party committees from the top to the bottom, the
political schools, the various levels of leadership committees must

132 People’s War-15 June 2019

keep the necessities and peculiarities of the movement, apply the
theory to our concrete situation and conduct training classes in various
forms. Syllabus, study notes, reference study material must be given
in the mother tongue and made to study. The training classes must be
held in various forms. Training for the Primary Party Members to the
District cadres must be simple, applied to practice and necessary
teaching aids must be used to the maximum possible extent. Every
State Committee must make planned efforts to give syllabus, study
notes and study material in the local language. The time period for
training classes must be decided according to the subjects, the local
situation and the efficiency of the teachers. There must be planned
and severe efforts to establish political schools and to prepare political
teacher teams for party education starting from the CC to the DC (up to
AC in the GB). As a part of it there must be special effort for theoretical
education in PLGA and UF also. The electronic gadgets that are utilized
to bring a good change in party study must be consciously utilized in a
good way but not be utilised in a wrong way. To put it briefly party
education must be an inseparable part of party organisation and the
political life of the party.
We must understand and constantly keep in mind that the
theoretical study and training that is taken up in all levels is to understand
the theory, apply it in practice to the concrete conditions of our
revolution and to develop the efficiency to solve the problems and
thus bring a considerable change in the understanding and practice of
our party. So, theoretical, political and organizational education must
not be formal but be taken up constantly to integrate theory with the
revolutionary practice in the country. These regular efforts will
strengthen the theoretical and political foundations of the leadership
cadres of all levels and the theoretical and political foundations of the
Primary Party Units and they can gain hold on creatively applying theory
to the concrete conditions and the efficiency to solve the problems
correctly. Thus the party will strengthen organizationally and all the
party committees will be able to efficiently lead the revolution with
self-confidence. Only by doing so we can united and courageously fight
back the utmost fascist ‘SAMADHAN’ offensive of the enemy. On the
other side we will be successful in protecting the party from the
influences of semi-colonial, semi-feudal ideologies and culture, in
June 2019 People’s War-15 133
protecting the party from the revisionist theoretical attacks and in
fighting them back theoretically. Only thus the Party and the People’s
Army and United Front in the leadership of the party will strengthen
and develop as an invincible force. We can accomplish NDR and advance
the World Socialist Revolution to success. Thus we can make true the
dreams of thousands of martyrs.
The CC sends a general, uniform syllabus to the party units of all
levels as per their level to achieve this objective. Basing on this there
must be study and training once in two to three years without fail.
There must be constant education to new members and to comrades
being elected into the higher responsibilities. Our education must
definitely be result oriented. Theoretical education in the party is a
relentless process. This must be constantly enriched in the process of
PPW. Only with constant party education in all levels we can review
our practice once in every three to four years and enrich it. We must
make efforts to utilize this syllabus in a proper way. The CC requests all
the Party members to send their valuable suggestions to enrich this
syllabus.
Revolutionary greetings,
Central Committee
CPI (Maoist)
22 April 2019

***

“Our educational policy must enable everyone who receives

an education to develop morally, intellectually and physi-
cally and become a worker with both socialist conscious-
ness and culture”. - Mao

134 People’s War-15 June 2019

CC Circular: 2/2019 Upto PMs
Let us detest the political degeneration of Sudhakar-Madhavi!
Let us take them as negative teachers, highlight the
sacrifices of the martyrs and the Party line
And advance the New Democratic Revolution of India!
Dear Comrades,
A member of the Central Committee of the CPI (Maoist) Oggu
Satwaji (Sudhakar, Sharath) and Bihar-Jharkhand Special Area
Committee (BJSAC) member Madhavi (Neelima), the couple
surrendered before the DGP of Telangana on the 14th of February 2019.
Both of them served the revolutionary movement for a long time, held
many responsibilities, developed in phases and reached a high stage.
They could not understand the concrete conditions of the Indian
Revolutionary movement that is unequal in various parts of the country,
they utterly failed to understand the counter revolutionary offensive,
became selfish, lost their sacrificing nature, degenerated politically
and surrendered to the enemy and betrayed the Party, the
Revolutionary movement and the revolutionary people. They insulted
the aspirations of the martyrs who laid their lives for the success of
NDR and degenerated to an utterly low level. Therefore, the CC expels
both of them from the Party and states them as the traitors of revolution.
We need to deeply analyse the reasons for Sudhakar and Madhavi’s
surrender and take appropriate lessons.
Sudhakar belongs to a middle class peasant family of Sarangapur
village of Nirmal district of Telangana. He joined Radical Students Union
when he was studying intermediate in Nirmal in 1983. In 1984 he was
recruited as a full timer in the erstwhile People’s War party and worked
as a courier of the Adilabad District Committee and the AP State
Committee. He was arrested in 1986 while working for the supplies of
the Technical Department and released from jail in 1989. He worked as
a member and later the Commander of Sirpur-Chennur squad from
1990-to 1994 and later as a DVCM in the Adilabad Divisional Committee
from 1994- to 1998. In 1998 he became the DvCS. In 2000 he was elected
into the North Telangana Special Zonal Committee in the North
June 2019 People’s War-15 135
Telangana Conference. As per the CC resolution he was transferred to
Dandakaranya (DK). He worked as a member of the DKSZC between
2001-2003 and as an incharge of the DK Military Commission (SMC)
from 2003- to 2014. In this way Sudhakar developed step by step along
with the developing revolutionary movement and conducted the
responsibilities allotted by the Central and the State Committees. The
CC faced many losses in the counter revolutionary offensive in between
2005- and 2012. In these conditions, the 4th meeting of the CC held in
2013 co-opted Sudhakar into the CC taking his positive characteristics
into view. He continued as a member of the CRB for one year until 2014
august. As per the decision of the CC he was later transferred to the
ERB. He worked as the in-charge of the Bihar Regional Unified Command
of the BJSAC from 2015 until his surrender to the enemy. Certain non-
proletarian tendencies clearly came forth in him when he was working
as DKSZCM and as CCM.
Vyudugula Aruna (Madhavi, Neelima) belongs to
Mahammadapuram village of Warangal rural district of Telangana state.
She opposed child marriage and joined the guerrilla squad as a full
timer in 1994. She worked in Warangal district until 1997 and was later
transferred to Adilabad. She married Sudhakar in 1998. She worked as
ACM, Commander of the squad in this area and was transferred to DK
along with Sudhakar in 2001. She worked in the National Park Area
Committee (AC) of the West Bastar Division of DK and became ACS in
2002. In 2002 July she became DvCM and DVCS in 2009 and was promoted
as Regional Committee Member (RCM) the same year. As Madhavi came
from a petty bourgeois background, she was warned in the 2012 Division
plenum for the disunity in the DvC and non-proletarian trends like
sectarianism, bureaucracy, individualism, petty bourgeois superiority
in her and for DVC mistakes. She maintained family relations without
informing the Party on contrary to the Party methods of work. Though
Sudhakar knew this he did not criticize Madhavi and he too continued
family relations with wrong methods. After one year as she was
transferred to BJ in the rank of RC, i.e., in January 2016 she was coopted
into the SAC as per the decision of the ERB and BJSAC in view of her
positive aspects.
Sudhakar joined in the party from a petty bourgeois class

136 People’s War-15 June 2019

background. As long as his class consciousness and commitment towards
revolution sustained, relatively he did positive work. The DK movement
was relatively in advanced stage when Sudhakar and Madhavi worked
there. The SZC was relatively strong. In this process individual alien
class tendencies came forth in both of them. Subjectivism theoretically
and bureaucracy, sectarianism, individualism politically sustained as
the main trends in them. Their weakness of non-adherence to Party
discipline organizationally came forth in continuing their family
relations. They maintained individual relations with a contractor in
contact with the party and maintained contact with their families. When
they were in the process of transfer to the ERB, they called their families
through this contractor against the resolutions of the CRB and the CC.
He was already in the vigilance of the police and APSIB. CRB discussed
the situation and together with the PB comrades CRB comrades
emphatically told both of them not to maintain relations with the family.
They self-critically agreed to discontinue the relations with that
contractor and their family.
They worked in the Bihar region for nearly three and half years.
During this time they were mostly in the Koel-Sankh zone. Here their
weaknesses were intensified. Jharkhand Regional plenum, the 3 rd
plenum of the Bihar-Jharkhand Special Area Committee, BJSAC meeting
and the 9th meeting of the ERB were held successfully by retaliating
several enemy attacks between 2018 February and 2018 July. They
reviewed the movement in these meetings. They reviewed the right
and wrong, the favorable and unfavorable aspects and took proper
lessons. They adopted appropriate tasks to face the challenges. As a
part of it they also criticized Sudhakar (Sarath) and Madhavi (Neelima)
to some extent. Totally, their practice showed subjectivism,
sectarianism, indiscipline, individualism and bureaucratic trends in this
manner :
1. After Sudhakar took up the responsibilities as the in-charge of
the Bihar Region Unified Command he needed to deeply mingle with
comrades of various levels in order to understand – the specific
situation of the Bihar-Jharkhand SAC; the class struggle for the past
fifty years; the history and experience of the armed struggle; the
situation a little earlier to the formation of the united party; the
June 2019 People’s War-15 137
situation after the formation of the new party; the difference between
these two; the form of the difference in that present time; the reasons
of severe contradictions between comrades of various levels along
with the leadership comrades; the reasons for the formation of TPC-
JJMP-JPC and other such counter revolutionary gangs; the weaknesses
that acted and continue to exist for not being able to eliminate such
gangs; and the positive and the negative aspects of all these. But he
did not do all these and only tried to solve the problems with a subjective
outlook in a mechanical manner and the results were negative.
2. He considered the versions of comrades unilaterally, believed
it and tried to solve the contradictions between them. So he could not
identify with the majority of the comrades.
3. He took a wrong stand and tried to solve the mistakes of
corruption and moral mistakes only through disciplinary actions. He
did not pay importance to theoretical, political and organizational
effort.
4. He got irritated very soon, spoke with anger – on such occasions
Sudhakar (Sarath), Madhavi (Neelima) often said ‘everything is
improper here, go and see in DK, CRB and see what is going on there!
BJSAC is not equal to Area Committee of DK’ and so on. They looked
down the local comrades. They neglected the study of objective
conditions and had individual impressions. On the contrary MLM says
that we have to go forth not with individual interests but with objective
reality. It means it is clear that their practice is not on par with the role
of a genuine, efficient leadership to change the unfavorable aspect in
the objective situation favorable in the light of theory.
5. Sudhakar and Madhavi continued lively relations with their
families through the same contractor of Telangana who was in their
contact previously, by calling him to BJ. Irrespective of the local (BJSAC)
resources for the treatment of Madhavi, Sudhakar sent her to his family
through this contractor. He recalled her after three months. The
contractor met Sudhakar-Madhavi for the third time along with the
younger brother of Sudhakar. They two (brother of Sudhakar and
contractor) were arrested on their way back in Ranchi. The police
recovered 25 lakh rupees and half a kilogram gold from them. The

138 People’s War-15 June 2019

enemy took chance of this and made big propaganda campaign in media
by saying that the CC and the State leadership are exploiters, they
build luxurious buildings and they send their children to foreign
countries to study.
This became a point of discussion in the Bihar Regional Unified
Command meeting and the BJSAC 3rd plenum in 2017 October. He said
‘It is true that those two came here only after I called them. But I did
not give them gold or 25 lakhs, I only gave them 20 lakh rupees’. He said
he would tell about it not here but in his Committee (ERB) why he gave
them the money. In the 9th meeting of the ERB in 2018 he said that he
gave the money to the contractor for the treatment of Madhavi and for
communication sets. He was not sincere in his answers and this led to
misunderstandings among the party cadres. He was not sincere and
self-critical, dealt bureaucratically and with superiority, told lies to the
party leadership and the activists. So the cadres were not confident in
Sudhakar and Madhavi. As a result, the mistakes that were continuing
from past became more problematic and complex.
In fact Sudhakar and Madhavi could not take up the task of reviving
the movement that was affected due to severe countrywide enemy
offensive as a challenge. They could not own that area. They could not
integrate with the language, food habits, culture and habits of the
area. They neglected to pay attention to study the history and the
concrete conditions of the place. In both of them, mainly in Sudhakar
with little knowledge and sectarianism, one sidedness, subjectivism
increased more and more by thinking that ‘what he is doing it is correct’.
He was afraid of the enemy offensive, he became weak in thinking
that people are the iron fort for Communists, lacked in sacrificing nature
and became insecure. He gradually lost the consciousness that he has
to bring out his whole strength for the revival of the movement, gain
the confidence of the leadership and the cadres and the people and
become a great leader. He lacked strong will, sincerity and sacrificing
nature to bring out a breakthrough in the movement by giving an
objective form to the revolutionary theory depending on the strong
aspects of the movement, the people and the party and by creating
new aspects and thus lost confidence in the party, in the party
leadership and the people. He indulged even in opportunist methods.
June 2019 People’s War-15 139
He was not prepared to implement the program formulated to
overcome the setback and advance the movement, in all the district
and state level plenums of the BJ Special Area that were held
successfully. He betrayed the movement.
In fact both of them have been vacillating for the past one year,
got politically degenerated and finally surrendered to the police. These
traitors gave all the secret information of the party to the enemy and
created enormous loss to the Party and the revolutionary movement.
The revolutionary movement and the people shall never excuse these
traitors.
Sudhakar-Madhavi joined hands with the Telangana police and
made several allegations on the party in the media. They said – “The
practice is against the theories of the Party. Party is not implementing
the resolutions. Casteism lies deep in the party. Money is collected
and utilized for family purposes. Due to this and other such reasons
the party distanced from the people. In Dandakaranya too recruitment
and people’s cooperation became less and there is a decline in the
influence of the party. Since the women are oppressed many are
committing suicides. There was no response when questioned about
mistakes in the party. We never used the party funds for personal
interests. We handed over all the accounts to the party. Due to all
these reasons we could not continue in the party and so we are
surrendering. Our ill-health too added to this”.
In fact it did not coverup that they stole the party funds in a big
way. Due to the feudal-imperialist ideology, culture and values of the
class society that reflect in the party, due to the severe mental pressures
out of the relentless utmost cruel murders and atrocities and ill deeds
of the government counter revolutionary armed forces and due to the
mistakes and shortcomings in the party very few woman comrades
committed suicides. The concerned party committees reviewed the
incidents. The traitors did not tell this and also the political education
campaign all over the party to overcome these mistakes. Various levels
of leadership cadres in some areas of the country indulged in corruption
though few in numbers. In a few places few anarchists and degenerated
persons committed atrocities and rapes on woman comrades. It is a
fact that such incidents are rare in our party. Due to these two kinds of
140 People’s War-15 June 2019
mistakes the party and the revolutionary movement faced various kinds
of loss. Not only the party committees in the concerned areas but the
leadership committee too reviewed the incident, took up criticism-
self-criticism to overcome it and punished them. Education was taken
up and guidelines too were adopted. As a part of it the plenums in BJ
specifically discussed and reviewed the mistakes and weaknesses. Both
of them participated in these plenums but made comments in an
opportunist manner and joined hands with the exploitive classes. This
is nothing but moral degeneration of Sudhakar and Madhavi.
Where are the origins of Sudhakar-Madhavi degeneration?
Knowing the conditions and gaining command on the proletarian
theory are the two primary tasks of the central and the state committees
of our party, CPI(Maoist). Knowing the conditions means making a
systematical and total research into the concrete conditions of various
countries of the world, our country, states and areas. Neglecting the
study of specific conditions and study of history is nothing but neglecting
the economic, political, military and cultural histories. If one neglects
the study of MLM one cannot work by standing strategically firm and
tactically flexible. One cannot continue to be communists all through
their life and continue the revolution until the final victory. It will be
difficult for them to shed their metaphysical method of thought that
they have been habituated to. Sudhakar and Madhavi had such a work
style and so they could not sustain as revolutionary communists and
turned to be traitors of revolution.
The activists of the party and members of party committee must
first know the objective situation of the area they are working. Only
then they can work properly. Framing the necessary program for
research and study all over the party shall help as a fundamental link to
bring a change in the method of work of the party.
Though the united party, CPI (Maoist) was formed and it became
relatively strong, the party is not yet organized in all the states, areas
and among all the socially oppressed classes and sections in the country.
A strong Party, strong People’s Army and a strong United Front are yet
to be developed to accomplish the Party Perspective. Right from the
beginning the three main targets of the New Democratic Revolution

June 2019 People’s War-15 141

and the enemies of the people, the imperialists, the comprador
bureaucratic bourgeois class and the feudal class have been making
relentless counter revolutionary eliminative attacks to wipe out the
party. Many comrades were martyred in the enemy offensives, some
were arrested, some surrendered to the enemy and a few comrades
died out of ill-health. This led to many constant changes in the party
committees from the CC to the lower level. In such complex conditions
where the party is relatively less strong it is prone to a weak leadership.
Our subjective strength is not according to the objective necessities.
So we lost favorable opportunities for the advancement of revolution.
Since we are not yet relatively consolidated into a proletarian political
party, there is immaturity, less quality, indiscipline, alien tendencies,
late response towards issues and precision in organizational work. So
the party is facing many difficulties in developing close relations with
the majority people and developing Mass Organisations and Party
through all kinds of political movement and taking the policies and
people’s war into the masses. Organizational work is political.
Organizational work is one great characteristic of the Russian Bolsheviks.
If bolshevization is needed, if small party has to become a strong
people’s party, we need a good organisation of active members that
can take the party line into the people and that can consolidate the
people’s practice through fundamental work of the various layers of
party organisations. Great Marxist teachers Stalin and Dimitrov said
thus regarding revolutionizing the party and advancing the New
Democratic Revolution – “We should give effect to the ninth of Stalin’s
twelve conditions for the revolutionisation (bolshevization) of the
Party, namely, that on the establishment of a centre (nucleus) of
leadership. The criteria for such a leading group should be the four
which Dimitrov enumerated in his discussion of cadres policy—1.
Absolute devotion to the cause, 2. Contact with the masses, 3. Ability
independently to find one’s bearings, 4. Observance of discipline.
Whether in carrying out these central tasks—war, production, education
(including rectification) - or in checking-up on work, examining the
cadres’ histories, or in other activities, it is necessary to adopt the
method of linking the leading group with the masses, in addition to
that of linking the general call with particular guidance” (‘Certain

142 People’s War-15 June 2019

problems regarding the methods of leadership’, MSW, Vol III, 1943).
In the class society each and every one lives as a part of a special
class. There is a clear influence of a class on every thought without any
exemption. Communists must link their ideas so as to coincide with
the rules of the objective world. If they do not suit he/she shall fail in
practice. Once one fails he/she takes lessons and molds their ideas
according to the rules of the outside world. Thus they can turn the
failure into success. Great Marxist teachers repeatedly taught that
failure is the mother of success.
Dialectical materialist theory of knowledge cannot be separated
from human knowledge and practice. Practice is the basis for theory. In
turn it helps practice. There are two distinct characteristics of Marxist
dialectical materialist philosophy. One is its class character and the
second is its practicability. The great Marxist teacher Mao said thus
about those who reject this –
‘“Only those who are subjective, one-sided and superficial in their
approach to problems will smugly issue orders or directives the moment
they arrive on the scene, without considering the circumstances,
without viewing things in their totality (their history and their present
state as a whole) and without getting to the essence of things (their
nature and the internal relations between one thing and another).
Such people are bound to trip and fall’” (‘Practice’, MSW, Vol I, 1937
July).
So they will not have a comprehensive perspective about the
objective process on the whole. They will not have a clear path. They
will not have a protracted perspective. They are satisfied with occasional
victories and the little sparks of truth and are complacent towards many
issues. Such people lead revolution in a blind manner. Proper leadership
means – normally it is not possible for the leadership to realize truth
without erring. But a good leadership must be sincere in self-criticism,
it must always listen to the criticisms of the cadres and the people in
order to overcome their weak points and shortcomings. This kind of a
leadership always invites the supervision of the party cadres and the
people on them. When the Communist Party Members have certain
eligibility they will not hesitate to rectify their mistakes with the help

June 2019 People’s War-15 143

of the Party Organisation and the people.
We must not forget the two demarcation marks between
revolution and counter revolution and between successes and
shortcomings. If we do not do so we will be confused about the
character of the problem. A good study and analysis are very much
necessary to do better demarcation. Our attitude towards every
individual and every issue should be comprised of analysis and study.
We must also realize the quantitative angle of a situation or of a problem
and make a primary quantitative analysis. Every issue (every quality)
shall express in a specific quantity (measure). There is no quality
without any quantity. We must see clear difference between right and
wrong and between the tasks achieved and shortcomings and decide
which is primary among the two. Mao said that revolutionary parties
and revolutionary people will be tempered, will gain maturity and
confirm success only by imparting repeated education basing on the
positive and negative examples and by showing the similarities and
differences between them.
If we see the practice of Sudhakar-Madhavi in the light of the
above MLM principles we see how their positive aspects helped them
to develop step by step in phases and how their negative aspects in
applying the social rules and theory of knowledge that MLM theory
synthesized, influenced them severely and speeded up their
degeneration. They understood the higher responsibilities in the party
subjectively as posts and could not understand the tasks they have to
take up and the study and practice to fulfill the same. They were
inefficient in applying the dialectical analytical method towards the
issues. They were not prepared to learn from the strong positive aspects
of the BJ movement and for complex, difficult political-organisational
effort to achieve better results. They were pragmatic, complacent and
felt superior. So they could not demarcate between their successes
and failures. They were confused in understanding their character.
Regarding such people our great Marxist teacher Lenin said thus in an
answer to the question ‘what is politics?’ – ‘Politics is a struggle between
classes. Whoever discards this vital link they shall become blind, semi-
mature and dull-headed. They shall divorce from the socialist
perspective’ (Peking Review, No.1, 1976 January 2nd).

144 People’s War-15 June 2019

 The CC could not assess Sudhakar-Madhavi, especially Sudhakar
properly when it handed over higher responsibilities as to how
efficiently he can take up the responsibility. Sudhakar lacked firmness
and discipline, he was vacillating and considered blood relations more
than class relations. The CC was subjective and liberal in realizing such
aspects and where they might lead. The whole party from top to bottom
has to consider them as negative teachers and take lessons.
Some people feel that since the Communist party is the vanguard
of the proletariat, there should not be any kind of contradictions and
struggle inside the party and that the party must be totally pure. This is
an inexperienced, idealist feeling and is against materialist dialectics.
“The law of contradiction in things, that is, the law of the unity of
opposites, is the basic law of materialist dialectics.” (‘Contradictions’,
MSW Vol I, 1937 August). In a proletarian party purity is principal and
relative, impurity is non-principal and absolute. There is unity between
two aspects of a contradiction. At the same time both of them contend.
This shall be the motive force for dynamics and change in things. This is
the fundamental principle for the development of all aspects. This is
the fundamental principle regarding the development of the party
also. Our party’s existence is not in vacuum. On the contrary it is working
in a hard atmosphere of class struggle. In a revolutionary party with a
genuine political and theoretical line, in the process of revolution,
though genuine revolutionary forces are in command, inevitably, those
genuine forces and fake forces exist together. Similarly there is a
possibility of gradual infiltration of a few secret agents, renegades,
class enemies and other unwanted forces. Few leaders of revolutionary
party also who do not pay attention to mold them theoretically, do not
develop proletarian method of work will degenerate. The leaders of
the revolutionary party who do not pay proper attention to mold
themselves theoretically and do not adopt proletarian method of work
will degenerate. If a revolutionary party does not pay proper attention
towards theoretical, political, organizational and military training
according to its great objective, alien class tendencies shall become
prevalent. This will lead to more degeneration. This is the dialectical
relation between the collective and individual and between the
leadership and the members in continuing theoretical effort in the

June 2019 People’s War-15 145

party. Our whole party – the leadership and the members must deeply
realize the importance of this. We can considerably lessen degeneration
and surrenders by bolshevizing the party and ourselves accordingly.
However complex the struggle is, however difficult the travelling
is, the proletariat and its vanguard the genuine revolutionary
communist party will definitely realize its revolutionary task, temper
itself and bolshevize. It enriches the understanding of MLM and
proletarian culture in the party. Genuine revolutionaries and fake
revolutionaries or counter revolutionaries will be exposed in the tests
of revolutionary practice. Communists consider the great, bright
objective of Communism more than their lives. They sacrifice for the
liberation of the people of India and the world. They face difficulties.
They lay their lives in the arena of war. They advance in waves. They
stand dignified before the hanging pillar. They give importance to die
by fighting than to surrender. For this ‘Thus it can be seen that to lead
the revolution to victory, a political party must depend on the
correctness of its own political line and the solidity of its own
organization. (‘Contradictions’ MSW, Vol I). The Bolshevik
revolutionaries protected and consolidated the party theoretically,
politically, militarily, organizationally and culturally amidst fierce
enemy attacks (during the counter revolutionary period) wiping out
enemy agents and coverts. The Chinese communist revolutionaries
highlighted this heredity. Similarly let us mold the party according to
the present complex, difficult conditions, bolshevize it and advance
the Indian New Democratic Revolution.
Revolutionary greetings
Central Committee
30-3-2019 CPI (Maoist)
***

“Undoubtedly some people joined us during the revolution not

because they understood the Marxist criterion of the correctness
of Social-Democratic slogans and tactics, but only because they were
“striking”. That today, when the wave has ebbed, there remain and
will remain only real Marxists, does not frighten us but rejoices us”
- Lenin

146 People’s War-15 June 2019

CC Circular: 4/2019 (upto PMs)

Post-election situation – Our Tasks

The victory of BJP in the leadership of Modi in the

elections to Lok Sabha indicates the escalating Brah-
manic Hindu fascism-Parliamentary fascism!
Let us prepare the Party, PLGA and Revolutionary
People’s Organisations and the people to militantly
resist the intensifying exploitation, oppression and
suppression of the Imperialist, Comprador Bureau-
cratic Bourgeois, and Big Landlord classes!

The mockery of elections to the 17th Lok Sabha and to the Assem-
blies of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh in In-
dia that is boasted by the ruling classes to be the ‘biggest democracy’
has been completed in seven phases in the months of April and May
2019. Eighty lakh personnel and scores of lakhs of government hired
armed forces have been deployed for these elections. The govern-
ment and the various political parties spent more than one lakh crore
rupees of public money. The BJP utilized the whole government ma-
chinery including the Election Commission as per its wish to return to
power. The Election Commission justified this as a necessity for con-
ducting ‘free, transparent and independent’ elections. In fact there is
severe opposition among the people towards these fake parliamen-
tary elections. Especially our Party the CPI (Maoist) and the organisations
for nationality struggles and democratic organisations in Kashmir and
the North East publicly called for boycott of elections. Contradictions/
Clashes between the ruling cliques/parties during the election season
intensified in an unprecedented manner. These elections were con-
ducted like a big war campaign on the people of the country with large
scale deployment of armed forces to control this opposition from the
people and the clashes in various places, mainly in the areas of people’s
June 2019 People’s War-15 147
movement. As a part of it 90 activists and people of the national libera-
tion struggle in Kashmir and 40 revolutionaries and people in the areas
of the movement were killed. Hundreds were arrested and jailed.
In the past five years the NDA government in the leadership of
the BJP played a reactionary, anti-people, traitorous role and heavily
implemented policies favorable for imperialist globalization and for
the exploitative ruling classes. Not a single crime was left that the BJP
did not commit against the country, the worker, peasant, middle
classes, the oppressed people, oppressed social sections (women,
Dalits, Adivasis (tribals) and minorities) and the oppressed nationali-
ties (Kashmir and North East nationalities). As a result the BJP faced
defeat in the elections to Assemblies in five states in November 2018.
The RSS-BJP formulated a very big aggressive scheme of instigating
Hindu religious ideas and ideals against Pakistan by concentrating all
the forces of money, men and power and with the support of imperial-
ist Multi-National Companies and the corporate companies and land-
lords of the country to win the elections to the 17th Lok Sabha without
being influenced by this defeat. Booth management was their main
policy. As a part of it they created a spell of propaganda of welfare
schemes that would put people in illusions, formulated a budget with
several fake promises, instigated anti-Pakistan/anti-Muslim feelings,
Hindu communalism, national frenzy and war frenzy in the name of
Pulwama incident and succeeded in gaining votes. This makes clear
the conspiracy of Modi-RSS behind the Pulwama attack. In addition to
these, caste and religious sentiments were instigated-used, central
agencies like CBI were utilized and the opposition parties controlled,
split and made to surrender and since the opposition parties too fol-
lowed anti-people policies for a long time and lost the confidence of
the people they utterly failed to show an alternative to Modi. The BJP
could thus gain victory in these elections. The BJP-NDA alliance in the
leadership of Modi gained maximum majority with 303 seats for the
BJP, 353 seats for the NDA out of the total 543 seats (there was no
election to one seat) and returned to power.
In spite of the boasting of the opposition parties to bring down
Modi they could not unite. All the parties including the Congress lost
the capability to utilize the severe opposition among the oppressed
148 People’s War-15 June 2019
classes, sections and nationalities towards the Modi rule. Therefore
the heavy propaganda of the Congress party trying to create illusions
among the people with ‘Jan hitaishi’ (people’s well-being) election
manifesto, especially ‘you will gain justice now’, ‘poor family-72,000
rupees’ in the name of ‘Minimum Income act’ could not at all influence
the people. So the Congress could not even gain the status of the main
opposition party in these elections. The grand alliance of the BSP-SP-
RLD in Uttar Pradesh, the great alliances in Bihar-Jharkhand, Karnataka
and Maharashtra with the partnership of Congress, the CPI, CPI (M),
TDP, PDP and other parties could not gain the confidence of the people
and fell flat. The TMC too fell in a situation of self-defense. TRS too
met a strong blow. The existence of AAP fell in danger. The regional
parliamentary parties of the North East turned to be comprador parties
of BJP and thus the BJP strengthened in that area. TheModi wave did
not work in Kerala, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Odisha.
Thus fascism came forth in a much stronger way through these parlia-
mentary elections.
In the Assembly elections in Andhra Pradesh and Sikkim YSR Con-
gress and Sikkim Kranthikari Sangathan came to power utilizing the
anti-government vote. BJD in the leadership of Naveen Patnaik could
come to power for the fifth time utilizing the aspirations of Odia na-
tionality too. With no other alternative in Arunachal Pradesh the BJP
came to power in a sweep.
The Election Commission, imperialist agencies and the Indian cor-
porate organisations created a roar of propaganda with many new ma-
neuvers since 2019 January in an unprecedented manner to gain 100
percent polling in these elections. The Election Commission increased
its propaganda to vote with the name of ‘Operation Himmat’ (courage)
and other such with the support of combing, patrolling and fake en-
counters by government armed forces in order to effect the call to
boycott elections in the areas of our movement. The electoral parties
utilized the corporate media to pour fake promises and created large
scale illusions and tempo of elections. They pressurized the people
also in the areas where they took a critical attitude towards the parlia-
mentary system to vote. The Election Commission considered the in-

June 2019 People’s War-15 149

stigation of caste, religious and regional sentiments, the utilization of
money, men, liquor, violence-threats by the electoral parties as a part
of the democratic process. There is no limit to RSS-BJP. Though the
Election Commission seized cash, gold, silver, liquor and drugs of a
value of Rs.8,000 crores that the electoral parties illegally distribute in
a large scale to buy the voters, it utterly failed in controlling the scores
of thousands of crores of rupees that was distributed to the voters that
was many times more than this amount. The BJP, Congress and the
regional parties spent in an unprecedented manner in these elections.
The BJP exceeded all the other parties.
All the electoral parties as usually once more brought forth
scamsters, gangsters and criminals in a very big number as their candi-
dates in these elections. The candidates and millionaires with such
criminal, exploitative class background won in the elections. On this
occasion none of the electoral parties raised or brought forth the people
the fundamental economic, political and cultural problems of the broad
oppressed people, nationalities and the country. The parties in the
arena of elections indiscriminately used rotten parliamentary jargon
to reveal the extent of corruption and crime of their opponent candi-
dates. They widely and publicly indulged in violence. They indiscrimi-
nately utilized caste and religion. This turned to be a luxurious game of
the rich. All these revealed the anti-people character, favoritism, reac-
tionary and selfish policies and scams of corruptions of the parties and
candidates in the arena of elections. All these facts reveal the fakeness
of the parliamentary elections in the country that is the ‘biggest de-
mocracy’ of the world.
In spite of many circus feats by the Election Commission to in-
crease the percentage of polling it was not above 63 percent as per
official numbers. This is 3 percent lesser to that of the earlier elections
to Lok Sabha. If we keep aside the percentage of rigging with large
scale money, muscle power and state power and the domination of
government armed forces, the actual percentage of polling will be
much lower. Hundreds of polling booths were shifted to places where
there are police stations and camps of the Para-military forces with the
difficulty to conduct polling in the strong areas of revolution and na-

150 People’s War-15 June 2019

tionality liberation movements. There was large scale rigging in such
booths. However the percentage of voting is not above 5-30 in the
strong areas of movement in Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Bihar,
Jharkhand, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and other states. As a
part of controlling votes with guns and as a part of self-defense from
police attacks PLGA fighters in the leadership of our Party and with the
help of the people conducted several heroic attacks on the mercenary
forces of the enemy in Dandakaranya, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha,
Andhra-Odisha Border area and Telangana and wiped out 35 and in-
jured 76 armed police. Though frightening atmosphere was created in
a big way in Kashmir there was only ten percent polling in some areas.
The slogan ‘freedom for Kashmir’ reverberated once again. In the North
East areas too people boycotted elections in many places. The people
boycotted elections in 165 places of the country for solving their local
problems. Voters preferred the ‘NOTA’ button in a big way with the
threats of the exploitive ruling class political parties and the govern-
ment armed forces that they shall be branded terrorist or Maoist, that
they shall not give rice through PDS and that they are not qualified for
government reform schemes if they do not vote and in the conditions
where there is no real alternative. Thus the oppressed people, op-
pressed nationalities and sections boycotted elections in a consider-
able number in protest to the anti-people policies and repression of
the governments in the areas of revolutionary movement and nation-
ality liberation struggles and as per the call of the democratic and anti-
displacement movements.
Though it was said that the NDA alliance gained victory with a
large majority in these mock elections, it is a fact that it gained only
one third of the number of the total voters. The fakeness of the BJP is
clear from its stating that they gained votes of all the sections and
irrespective of religion, caste, region and gender identities. This shows
the bankrupt nature of the biggest democracy.
The message of Modi to the people after his victory that ‘Vijay
Bharath’ (India won), that he gained ‘sab ka sath, sab ka vikaas, sab ka
viswas’ (development to all with all and confidence of all), that he
would work together with the social sections that did not vote him,

June 2019 People’s War-15 151

that he will not indulge in any deeds for a wrong objective in the com-
ing five years and that whether this is called his will, dedication or
commitment – is deceptive and in a fascist style. The BJP government
in the leadership of Modi with pro-imperialist, pro-landlord, anti-fed-
eral, expansionist policies shall come out in no time with its naked
fascist character in a more cruel manner than the earlier utilizing its
majority in the parliament. The maximum majority of the NDA govern-
ment in the leadership of Modi in the Lok Sabha, the lack of a strong
parliamentary opposition and more than this mainly the intensifying
social, economic, political crisis indicates the danger of intensification
of the Brahmanic Hindu fascist offensive and the great offensive on
the people in all the sectors in the name of formation of new India.
Dear Comrades,
Imperialism has been internationally facing economic and finan-
cial crisis for a long time and there do not seem to be any chances to
overcome. While we see competition between the imperialist coun-
tries in the form of trade wars in the financial sector, in the military
sphere there is intensifying competition in the Middle East (West Asia)
and Indo-Pacific area. The US is strengthening the Pacific Command
and ‘QUAD’ (Quad security agreement) alliance formed in the Indo-
Pacific area. It is manipulating so as to strategically bring forth ‘BIMSTEC’
(Initiative in Bay of Bengal – technology and economic cooperation of
multiple areas). India, Myanmar, Thailand, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal
and Bhutan are part of this) in the place of SARC to contain the domina-
tion of China in this area and to make India the ‘South Asian police’.
One Road One Belt scheme, QUAD summit, Doklam developments,
blasts during Easter in Sri Lanka, the recent visit of Modi to Maldives
and Sri Lanka and other such are intensifying the contradictions be-
tween the imperialists and are increasing tensions in the Indo-Pacific
Area.
The impact of imperialist economic crisis is making the lives of
the people more and more miserable. Although the resistance struggles
of the oppressed nationalities and the people are intensifying for bet-
ter living conditions since politically the communist and nationality
liberation struggles are weak the offensive of the imperialist financial

152 People’s War-15 June 2019

capital is taking a cruel fascist form. Right parties are coming to power
in several capitalist-imperialist countries and in backward countries
also. Fascism is spreading all over the world. As a result the three fun-
damental contradictions are sharpening throughout the world.
The Modi clique that came to power the second time in the coun-
try is much more strengthening its government bureaucratic mecha-
nism by making persons like Amit Shah part of the cabinet and eight
cabinet committees. It says that is will concentrate on varioius spheres
and issues but it is nothing but for deceiving the people and to aggres-
sively implement the globalization agenda of the imperialists, espe-
cially the US imperialists, MNC and TNC. The Modi government that
formed the government for the second time is going to any extent to
fulfill the wishes of the US imperialists and to obey and implement
their directions. It is aggressively and very speedily implementing the
imperialist sponsored economic liberal policies. These economic lib-
eral policies are eating away the domestic industries and commerce.
Firstly, the international financial capital enters backward coun-
try like India as a part of quest for profits. The profits it gains go to its
mother organisation in New York, London, Tokyo, Berlin and other such
countries. There is no benefit to the country.
Secondly, the rate of profits on the imperialist capital invested in
our country is three to four times more than that gained in their moth-
erland. The merciless exploitation of the workers in this country, the
loot of raw materials dead cheaply and due to nominal or no environ-
mental restrictions, environment is destroyed in a large scale and they
gain unimaginable profits here.
Thirdly, the comprador rulers of the country say that there is no
capital to invest in sectors like fundamental infrastructure and energy
resources but it is a big lie. If the profits to the imperialists are stopped,
if the 100 billion dollars of the Indian comprador bureaucratic bour-
geois class in the Swiss banks be withdrawn, if the enormous black
money economy in the hands of the exploiters is seized, if the 12 lakh
crore rupees of loans that the domestic and the foreign corporate com-
panies did not repay could be taken over and if the heavy unproduc-
tive waste expenditure of the ministers, officers, MPs, MLAs and the

June 2019 People’s War-15 153

police and the defense sectors be reduced to a large extent we can
gain ten times more than the investment now coming from the foreign
countries in the country itself.
Fourthly, the comprador rulers say that foreign assistance and co-
operation are essential for modern technology. This is also a lie. His-
tory proved that socialist countries like the erstwhile Soviet Union and
China stepped forward depending on the domestic technology and
that the growth those countries achieved was not at all influenced
with imperialist sanctions. Moreover our country has enough technol-
ogy to develop forces of production in the vast backward rural area. In
fact since the industrial and agricultural sectors fell in crisis due to the
policies imposed by the imperialist organisations and the Multi-Na-
tional Companies and the Indian semi-colonial, semi-feudal system
did not provide any opportunities, the peasantry lost their livelihood
and are migrating to the urban areas in a large scale. Unemployment
reached its zenith and skilled and unskilled workers and highly edu-
cated youth are leaving for foreign countries.
Industrialization with imperialist financial capital is anti-people
and anti-country. These industries do not produce the essential goods
of the people but only luxurious ones that give maximum profits. This
foreign capital does not have a social perspective. Only a few rich and
a few higher middle classes benefit out of them. This will push the vast
masses into more poverty. The gap between the rich and the poor
increases sharply. This results in a drop in the growth of domestic mar-
ket and industry. The economy of the country shall degenerate much
more.
In fact 70 percent of the FDI coming into the country is utilized to
buy business shares of the government and private organisations. Only
a small amount is spent for the establishment of new organisations. In
a way such a capital will not create employment. Actually, it enters the
country along with modern machinery. It is imported to India along
with the inflation rates and also deprives a lot of jobs. Unemployment
will grow further. FDI is spreading tentacles in all sectors of India. The
earlier Modi government allowed FDI in main sectors like insurance,
banking, mines, defense production, media and even in small scale

154 People’s War-15 June 2019

sector, agriculture, handicrafts and retail also. It also plans to get 100
percent FDI. It is a well-known fact that on one hand it talks great about
patriotism and on the other totally hands over the country’s economy
to foreign corporate companies and implements anti-people, anti-coun-
try policies. In order to achieve this goal the imperialist MNCs, the
Indian comprador bureaucratic bourgeoisie and landlords and media
giants brought Brahmanic Hindu fascist party, the BJP to power leaning
towards forming a strong fascist government than a weak coalition
government in the centre. The victory of BJP in the leadership of Modi
indicates the escalating Brahmanic Hindu fascism-parliamentary fas-
cism.
Due to industrial and agrarian crisis the semi-colonial, semi-feu-
dal economy of India is caught in depression. Commercial deficit is on
the rise. The growth rate of GDP reached the lowest of the past five
years. According to the statistics of NSS unemployment reached 7.8
percent in the urban and 5.3 percent in the rural areas. But Modi
government’s agenda is to serve the interests of imperialist MNCs and
that of the comprador bureaucratic capitalists and landlords and estab-
lish ‘Brahmanic Hindu raj’ in the country. Therefore, it shall much more
exploit and oppress all the oppressed classes (workers, peasants,
middle class and national bourgeois), oppressed social sections
(women, Dalits, tribal people, religious minorities) and oppressed na-
tionalities (Kashmir and the North East). It is beyond doubt that it would
indulge in much more severe atrocities and fascist attacks on them.
These fascist forces took up attacks in the name of ‘protection of Cow’
‘ghar vapasi’ (transformation of religion), ‘love jihad’ (just war of love)
and ‘mob lynching’. In addition to these old forms they shall take much
more cruel forms. Modi claims terrorism to be his main target and that
it needs to hold a worldwide conference on terrorism. BJP said in its
election manifesto that fighting against terrorism is patriotism and
brought forth its Brahmanic Hindu fascist agenda to – thaw ‘Article 370’
and Article 35A’, wipe out Naxalism, implement the NRC Bill all over
the country, chase the Muslim migrants coming from the neighboring
countries away from the country and shelter people of Hindu and Bud-
dhist religions. This means that the offensive on the revolutionary
movement in the leadership of our Party and the nationality liberation
June 2019 People’s War-15 155
struggles in the Kashmir and North East areas shall intensify. In the
name of the offensive there shall be a rise in atrocities on democratic
movements, students, intellectuals, women, dalits, tribal people and
people of religious minorities, sexual assaults on women, attacks, de-
struction of properties and massacres. There shall be a civil war like
situation. Due to this fascist offensive the living conditions of the op-
pressed people all over the country shall become more miserable. The
BJP in the leadership of Modi with its ‘heavy victory’ in the elections is
eating away the opposition parties and the parties of its NDA alliance
and this will lead to the intensification of contradictions between the
exploitative ruling classes. As a result the four fundamental contradic-
tions in the country will sharpen day by day, the struggles of the op-
pressed classes, sections and nationality struggles shall widen and con-
ditions shall become more favorable for revolution. Fascism cannot
stop the advancement of proletarian struggles in the imperialist coun-
tries and the revolutionary democratic struggles in the backward coun-

“Lifting a rock only to drop it on one’s own

feet” is a Chinese folk saying to describe the
behavior of certain fools. The reactionaries in
all countries are fools of this kind. In the final
analysis, their persecution of the revolutionary
people only serves to accelerate the people’s
revolutions on a broader and more intense
scale. Did not the persecution of the
revolutionary people by the tsar of Russia and
by Chiang Kai-shek perform this function in
the great Russian and Chinese Revolution?”
- Mao

156 People’s War-15 June 2019

tries. On the contrary the advancement of these struggles shall de-
stroy the paper tiger - imperialism and fascism. This is a historic fact.
On the whole we can say that the NDA government in the leader-
ship of BJP that came to power for one more time is going to be much
more aggressive in implementing pro-imperialist policies, shall se-
verely exploit crores of the labouring masses and shall more merci-
lessly repress the revolutionary and democratic movements. We must
keep in mind that the election results gave the NDA government much
more opportunity to suppress the organized movements and the
worker, peasant, middle class people’s movements, to formulate many
more draconian laws and implement many more fascist measures. On
this occasion we must remember that which ever comprador ruling
class parties they might be, and who might be their imperialist mas-
ters, they had suppressed communist revolutions and they will not act
anything different. This is the experience since the Paris Commune.
We saw the experiences of El Salvador and Sri Lanka. We have to shed
the people of any kind of illusions towards the ruling parties. It is very
imperative to enlighten the vast masses of the country and build a
broad movement to defeat the new strategic multipronged offensive
in the name of ‘SAMADHAN’ or in any other name by the central and
the state governments and to preserve the victories achieved by our
People’s War. We have to intensify the people’s struggles and people’s
war to root out the Brahmanic Hindu fascism and all kinds of reaction-
ary, fascist and counter revolutionary forces with the objective of es-
tablishing a genuine democratic federal republic with the following
countrywide program -
 We must give utmost importance to politically mobilise
the people of the country against Brahmanic Hindu fascism. For
this purpose we must mobilise the broad masses to militantly
resist the intensifying exploitation, oppression and suppression
of the imperialist, comprador bureaucratic bourgeois and feudal
classes.
* We have to preserve leadership, activists and people by
avoiding unnecessary losses. We must spread the party by re-
cruiting new members. Comrades of all levels must be trained
and new leadership established. The party must be consolidated
June 2019 People’s War-15 157
 with the experiences of the bolshevization campaign from the
village level to the top level.
*The party, PLGA, revolutionary people’s organisations and
people must be prepared politically to face the fascist offensive
of the enemy. We must make them conscious on the intensity of
enemy fascist attack, its level, its cruel character and the neces-
sity to make enormous sacrifices in the process of fighting it
back. We must have the initiative to build broad, powerful united
fronts in all possible levels on every issue and to unite with the
other struggle organisations and forces. We must unite the
people on a broad basis and intensify people’s struggles. We
must enthuse the people with the daring guerilla actions of our
forces in various areas of the country. We have to prepare the
people to develop their active role in people’s war. The party
must play an active leadership role in this.
* We have to take up the intensifying daily, fundamental
and environmental problems of the people and mobilise them
in militant struggles. We must expose and take up wide propa-
ganda against the state terror that is being unleashed in the form
of draconian laws, the deployment of police and central Para-
military forces in the areas of our movement, the expansion of
carpet security, the militarization of these areas, arrests and tor-
tures, destruction of properties, crops and villages, atrocities on
women, fake encounters, massacres of people and other such
forms and against the state sponsored murder gangs and form a
broad united front with all the forces that oppose the brutal
state offensive and take up people’s resistance struggles. We
have to take up guerilla war with initiative and in an active man-
ner with the objective to defeat the war on the people –
‘SAMADHAN’ or any other new offensive by the central and the
state governments with the aim to wipe out the revolutionary
movement. We have to coordinate people’s resistance with gue-
rilla war.
* We must mobilise the farmers on their immediate de-
mands with the demand of distributing the lands of the land-
lords to the landless and poor peasants on the basis of ‘land to

158 People’s War-15 June 2019

 the tiller’. We must step up agrarian revolutionary class struggle.
We must broadly mobilise the peasantry in the anti-imperialist,
anti-feudal struggles in the all India level and build a strong peas-
ant movement. We must become part of their agitations and
lead their struggles. We must mobilise all the democratic and
pro-people forces in support of the peasant agitations and build
united struggles together with them. We must strengthen the
movements.
* We must organize the workers against the Brahmanic
Hindu fascist cliques founding a base in the proletariat, against
privatization and retrenchment in the name of modernization,
the reactionary reforms in the labor laws, the draconian laws
indiscriminately unleashed on them, for the improvement of
working conditions, for hike in wages and other such life and
death problems of the workers and build a strong worker’s move-
ment.
* We must organize students, youth and intellectuals
against the saffronisation of education, culture and history,
against privatization and for preservation of education and sci-
entific education system. We must take up a program to mobilise
the unemployed youth on a broad basis against the unemploy-
ment problem that is becoming a great giant day by day.
*We must consolidate the women’s movements on a broad
basis against the Brahmanic Hindu fascist offensive and patriar-
chal suppression on women, against sexual atrocities and against
the feudal-imperialist vicious culture. We must build a strong
countrywide women’s movement.
*We must build a strong movement on a broad basis against
the rising Brahmanic Hindu fascist offensive on the Dalits. We
have to make efforts to mobilise the advanced forces of other
castes in this movement.
* We have to organize the adivasis, peasantry and urban
poor on the intense countrywide problem of displacement and
build militant struggles against the domestic and foreign (impe-
rialist) corporate companies. We have to spread them to all states
in the all India level. We have to combine them with the agrarian

June 2019 People’s War-15 159

 revolutionary struggle going on the basis of ‘land to the tiller’.
We have to mobilise all the tribal communities and build wide
people’s struggles with the demand to implement the Fifth
schedule in the adivasi areas.
* We must have the initiative to organize the anger that is
bursting against Brahmanic Hindu fascism among the religious
minorities especially the Muslim people. We must organize them
together with the rest of the oppressed sections and build a
wide strong anti-fascist movement.
* We must build solidarity movements in support of the
nationality liberation movements of Kashmir and North East for
their right to separate and self-determination and to movements
for separate state like Gorkhaland. We must take up large scale
people’s struggles against the conspiracies of Brahmanic Hindu
fascists to nullify Article 370 and Article 35A in Kashmir and imple-
ment the National Citizenship Register bill in the North Eastern
states.
*Abiding to the political line of our party we must have the
initiative to utilize the contradictions among the ruling classes
and must be very skillful. Utilizing this opportunity, keeping in
view our experiences in the activities of United Front we must
take up people’s struggles so that the people and nationalities
of the oppressed classes and sections under the influence of the
ruling parties will unite and be attracted towards the people’s
movements. For this purpose we have to enhance the theoreti-
cal, political and organizational standard of the party ranks. We
must work in communist style, be self-sufficient and increase
our strength and fight the common enemy. We must learn from
the experiences of the world revolutionary movements and
those in our country.
*The Party leadership must keep in mind the opinion that
will be expressed in the party, PLGA, people’s organisations and
the people that with the victory of Brahmanic hindu fascism the
government offensive on the revolutionary, democratic move-
ments shall intensify in all spheres. No doubt the RSS-BJP forces
shall indulge in fascist offensive along with the government

160 People’s War-15 June 2019

 armed forces. The RSS has the main task of wiping out the com-
munists from the beginning. So we have to consider the Modi
government as real tiger in view of tactics. But we should not
forget that it is strategically against 90 percent of the people and
is being realized as their enemy by the broad masses more and
more widely day by day. In such a situation we must inspire our
forces so as to not be disappointed and feel despaired, to utilize
the favorable situation, widely politically mobilise and consoli-
date the people and fight firmly with class hatred mustering much
more strength.

Dear comrades!
Modi government decided to implement a reactionary scheme to
establish ‘Hindu fascist state’ in the country by 2022 in the name of
‘New India’. It means the fascist forces of the country in the leadership
of Modi shall work to achieve their objective with a protracted plan
and take up offensive on forces against them. This reactionary plan
and this fascist offensive shall inevitably lead to people’s resistance
and its defeat. Workers, peasants, students, intellectuals, women,
Dalits, tribals, religious minorities and people of the Kashmir and North
East nationalities are fighting against Brahmanic Hindu fascism all over
the country in various scales on various forms. In spite of the deploy-
ment of more than five and a half lakhs of police and Para-military
forces in the areas of movement the people are advancing the people’s
war in the leadership of our party. The people are denying any amount
of fascist repression and are going forward in the path of struggle. This
is also the trend internationally. Conditions are becoming more and
more favorable for revolution. We have to utilize this favorable condi-
tion, strongly and extensively unify ourselves with the oppressed
people and organize them. Fighting the escalating Brahmanic Hindu
fascism that has the aim of establishing ‘Hindu fascist state’ is a chal-
lenge for the revolutionary, democratic forces and people in our semi-
colonial, semi-feudal India. At the same time it is also a great opportu-
nity for their unity and united struggle. In such a situation let us imple-
ment the above mentioned program with initiative and in an active
manner and strengthen the protracted people’s war! Let us go one

June 2019 People’s War-15 161

step further towards the goal of accomplishing New Democratic Revo-
lution and finally Socialism-Communism!

Revolutionary greetings
Central Committee
11th June 2019 CPI (Maoist)

***

162 People’s War-15 June 2019

Hail the 70th Anniversary of
the China Revolution!
Hail the 50th Anniversary of
Our Party!

To belittle the socialist ideology in any

way, to turn aside from it in the slightest
degree means to strengthen bourgeois
ideology“. - Mao
We must have faith in the masses and
we must have faith in the Party. These
are two cardinal principles. If we doubt
these principles, we shall accomplish
nothing“. - Mao
No political party can possibly lead a
great revolutionary movement to
victory unless it possesses
revolutionary theory and knowledge of
history and has a profound grasp of the
practical movement“. - Mao