Introduction to Work Permit

System

HSE –CP 21

1
 Topics
7:30 : 8:30 Introduction To WP System
8:30 – 9.30 Work Permit Details
9:30 – 9:45 Break
Cold Work & Hot Work Permit
9:45 – 11:45 Confined Space Entry Permit& Electrical
Work Permit
Excavation, Mobile equipment and
11:45 – 12:45 Vehicle entry Permit, Radiography, Road
Closure
12:45 -1:15 Prayer and Tea Break
Isolation and Confirmation certificate,
1:15-1:45
Authorization to work, Diving, RISSP
1:45:-2:15 Work Permit Practice
2
2:15 to 2:45 TEST
 Content

1. Work permit

2. Why Work Permit?

3. Consequences of Work Permit Violation

4. Classification of Work Permit Systems

5. Definitions & examples of Different Work Permit

6. Associated Work Permit Certificate

7. Suspension of Work Permit.

8. Process Flow of PTW

9. Validity of Work Permits

10. Distribution of Work Permits

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 Introduction to Work Permit System

Work Permit
Definition:

Is a written document used to identify a specific task, show

the assessment of hazards related to the task, specifies the
method used to eliminate or control hazards related to the
task, and identifies those accountable for preparing and
performing the task.

Purpose:

• To eliminate or control risk

• Effective communication
• Accident prevention

Note: Make sure work permit is displayed clearly at the working

location

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 Introduction to Work Permit System

Aim of Work Permit System:

 Personal Safety
 Process Safety
 To limit environmental impact

5
 Introduction to Work Permit System

Why Work Permit??

Permit to Work System is a system :

 That allows central control and ongoing monitoring of activities on a

site.

 To ensure that activities are authorized, carried out by qualified

personnel using appropriate safety precautions.

 To ensure that activities with potentially hazardous interactions, where

it is necessary for them to occur concurrently, take place under
carefully controlled conditions.
6
 Introduction to Work Permit System

Scope and Applicability

Applicable to all TAKREER employees, contractors, facilities, activities,

services and products without exception.

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 Consequences of Work Permit Violation

Two Workers were installing a pre-fabricated ladder by bolting 4 screws to

the wall of a chemical tank. As soon as Mr. X started the drilling operation by
a hand drill powered from a portable fuel generator positioned nearby,
apparently a spark ignited the area that was saturated with flammable vapor
and caused a flash off fire causing an injury to him.

FINDINGS. Non compliance to work permit procedures. No work permit was

issued for this work, and consequently, no gas testing was done.

8
 Consequences of Work Permit Violation
PIPER ALPHA: SPIRAL TO DISASTER ON JULY 6, 1988

• Work permit is completed for a routine two-week

overhaul for gas extraction pump "A".
• Gas extraction pump "A" is taken out of service
because of a pressure relief valve needing
maintenance.
• The pressure relief valve is removed and the open
pipe is replaced with a blank flange.
• Engineer brings the completed work permit to the
control room, signs off on the permit himself and
does not inform his supervisor of the system status.
• Gas extraction pump "B" trips off-line; crew attempts
to re-start.
• Crew UN-isolates and attempts to start pump "A".
• Blast resulting from exploding high pressure gas
knocks down fireproof walls next to the oil separation
area, starting a major oil fire. A total of 167 people
died in the Piper Alpha fire.

9
Types of Permit

10
 Types of Work Permit

Cold Work Permit

48 hrs
Prior notice,
Hot Work Permit
72 hrs except for
Confined Space Entry Permit 72 hrs essential
Electrical Work Permit
unplanned
48 hrs
work.
Radioactive Source Handling Permit 72 hrs

Excavation Work Permit 72 hrs

Mobile Vehicle and MACHINERY Entry work Permit 48 hrs

Road Closure Work Permit 48 hrs

Easement Work Permit 72 hrs

Authorization to Work 72 hrs

Record of Inter System Safety Precautions 48 hrs

Diving Permit
48 hrs

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 Permit Requirements

 A Task Risk Assessment (TRA) to be completed,

and attached to the Permit, and prominently
displayed at the worksite. A copy should be placed
with the permit in the permit rack.
 Worksite examination by the Issuing Authority and
Performing Authority before the Issuing Authority
authorises the Permit.
 Daily Validation of the Permit by the Area Authority.
The Area Authority must examine the worksite
each day before Validating a Permit for work inside
a Process Areas.

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Cold Work Permit :
 Work that does not involve equipment or materials
producing flames, sparks or heat, or are classified as a
source of ignition. Using basic
hand tools

 Cold Work Permits will be issued for all work that requires
a permit because of the potential risk involved, and that
does not require a hot work or any other permit.
Adjusting instrument
 Cold Work Permit is the default level of permit

13
Hot Work Permit :
Written authorization to perform operations that
could provide a source of ignition.

14
Confined Space Entry Permit
A Permit Required for entry into confined space

15
Electrical Isolation Permit/ Electrical Work
Permit:

The electrical work permit is a written description of the

electrical work to be done with control measures and
precautions stated.

16
Radioactive Source Handling Permit:

The Radioactive Source Handling Permit defines the conditions governing

the use and handling of radioactive substances.

17
Mobile Vehicle & Machine Entry Permit :

This permit allows entry to restricted areas to vehicles

and portable/mobile machinery which have internal

combustion chambers.

18
Excavation Work Permit:
The purpose of the Excavation
Work Permit is to ensure the
safety of personnel carrying out
excavations and to prevent
damage to any underground
services.

19
Road Closure Work Permit:
The purpose of the “Road Closure Permit” is to
control the closure of a road(s) such that adequate
planning can be undertaken that will provide
alternate means of egress and access during
emergency situations.

20
 Easement Work Permit

• Any construction and/or repair activities in the area of

pipelines or utilities, in industrial areas an Easement
Work Permit is required.

• This permit allows activities involving Cold, Hot and

Excavation and Road Closure Permits and will be taken
out for work outside the battery limits of the operating
sites, but inside the pipeline corridors.

• The Easement Work Permit should only be used for

offsite work. For work inside the fenced area of each
operating site, the normal Permit to Work System will be
followed.

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 Authorization to Work

 The Authorization To Work (ATW) will be applicable

only when the Contractor / Third Party would be
working within 30 meters of TAKREER cross country
pipelines corridor without actual work on the pipeline
itself.

 If the contractor/third party will be working on the

pipeline, relevant permit to work shall be obtained .

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 Record of Inter-System Safety Precautions (RISSP)

RISSP form shall be used by General

Utilities Plant (GUP) when there is
requirement to isolate energy source
to other ADNOC group companies or
TAKREER department. RISSP shall
be used as a communication and
control mechanism to prevent
inadvertent energizing the equipment
being serviced by Requesting Party.

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 Diving Permit

Diving Permit is issued to ensure that, where possible,

concurrent operations are avoided. These can include
e.g. water intakes or discharge points causing suction
or turbulence, etc.

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 Isolation Confirmation Certificate:

An Isolation Confirmation
Certificate is required whenever
process isolations are stated as a
condition on a Permit to Work.
The certificate details the type of
isolation required and records
who put the isolation in place and
who removed it, along with the
authorisation for the isolations to

be made/removed.

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 Suspension of Work Permit
It is the end of the shift, which requires the
re-validation of the work if not completed

> 4 HOURS work is delayed or interrupted

Suspension for any reason

CONDITION CHANGES/Not no longer meet

Suspension can be initiated by any the requirements
of the parties involved. In each of The equipment is to be de-isolated so that it
these cases the permit shall be can be tested after being worked on.
returned to the Issuing Authority
once the Area authority has The work needs to be stopped to allow
conflicting work of a higher priority to
confirmed that the work site is in a
proceed
safe condition.
Safety Violation by Performing authority

Suspension : Suspension is defined as a temporary invalidation of a permit for a period during which
the work may not proceed. The work permits shall be suspended under above conditions

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 Permit to Work System
Performing
Area Authority
Issuing
Authority Authority Carry out
Task Risk
assessment

Apply for
Permit Permit
Cancelled
Incase of
Emergency
Onsite hazard
Ensure Controls
identification and risk Prepare work area
review. Define
are in place
controls.

Review and authorize Review and validate

Accept permit and

Inspect the site and conduct toolbox talk
No Yes revalidate permit with the team

Permit
still
authori
Carry out work
zed?
No Work
Finished
Suspend permit

Yes

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Close and archive Close Permit Close Permit
permit
 Validity of Work Permits

Maximum
Type of Permit Revalidation
Authorization Period

Cold Work 7 days End of every shift

One allowed at the end of 1st shift
Hot Work 1 Day (24 Hrs)

Confined Space 7 days End of every shift

End of every shift
Mobile Vehicle Entry 7 days (only if the location of vehicle does not change. If location
changes, new permit shall be initiated).

No re-validation allowed; new permit at the end of shift or

Radiography One shift
completion of assigned task

No Revalidation required.
Excavation 1 Month

Road Closure One Month End of every shift

End of every shift
Electrical 7 days
No Revalidation required.
Easement 1 Month
Authorization to Work ( Every 7 continuous days
SD Only)
28 Days
Record of Inter-System
Safety Precautions 7 days End of every shift
(RISSP)
No re-validation allowed; new permit at the end of
Diving One shift
shift or completion of assigned task 28
Distribution of Work Permit

Original color coded copy to

be posted in site

First copy(pink color) to be kept

in control room

Second copy(blue) to be
retained with area authority

Third copy(Yellow) to be
retained with respective HSEFD Original copy to be
signed by performing
authority and
Complete work acknowledged by issuing
permit and area authority-
returned to operations
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Cold Work Permit

30
Hot Work Permit

31
Confined Space Entry Permit

32
Electrical Isolation Permit/ Electrical Permit To Work

33
Radioactive Source Handling Permit

34
Mobile Vehicle and Machine Entry Permit

35
Excavation Work Permit

36
Road Closure Work Permit

37
Easement Work Permit

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39
Work Permit Details

HSE –CP 21

1
 Work Permit Revalidation

Revalidation :
 The re-validation process is exactly the same as the validation and
acceptance process.
 If the Area Authority changes during the work period the new Area
Authority shall re-validate all permits in his area. This is done by
signing all the original and green copies of the permit.
 After re-validation of the Permit, the Performing Authority shall
satisfy himself that the work site is safe, and sign to accept the
Permit.
Once all spaces for re-validation have been used, a new Permit is required
 Validity of Work Permits

• Authorization period of work permits shall be set by Issuing Authority.

• The period set should take account of the planned work schedule.

• The validation period shall be a maximum of shift duration, or lesser

as decided by the area authority, whichever is sooner.
Revalidation of Work Permits by :

Issuing • until the authorization

Authority period expires.

Area
Authority

Performing
Authority
 Validity of Work Permits

• If the work is not completed within the authorization period, work must
cease and a new permit must be raised. An extension to an existing
permit is not permitted.

• The Issuing Authority can request a new permit be written regardless of

the current state of the job.

• Hot Work and Confined Space Entry Permits not picked up within 1 hour
of the stated starting time must be re-validated by the area authority
before releasing the permit.
 Validity of Work Permits

• When the daily validation time specified on the permit expires, work must
be ceased until the permit is revalidated by the Issuing Authority, Area
Authority and Performing Authority.

• The Performing Authority is responsible for seeking validation of the

permit by Issuing Authority and Area Authority for permit validity.

• During shift change/shift hand over, a work shall not be continued until
revalidation of the permit is obtained.
7
 Responsibility
Issuing Authority

 Decide on the need and type of permit

 Conduct onsite hazard identification and risk review including onsite
examination prior to issuing a permit.
 Define the controls and precaution for the work in addition to TRA.
 Determine the requirement of gas test and frequency of re-checking
 Authorises the work by signing the permit
 Define the authorization period of the permit
 Responsibility
Issuing Authority

 Ensuring that all people who may be affected by the work are informed
in all times.

 Maintain permits and closed permits in separate files for proper

administration of the permits.

 Maintain a daily register of permits issued, renewed and closed in a

register. The register shall be updated in every shift to provide accurate
status of the permits.

 Completed work permits to be kept in file for 12 months.

 Responsibility

Issuing Authority

 Raise Isolation Confirmation Certificates/ Electrical Isolation Permit

based on the requirements of the current work permits/future work
permits

 Mark up a set of P&IDs with the required isolation points (non-

electrical)

 Accountable for Checking for the presence and route of

underground piping, communication and control cables
 Responsibility

Area Authority

 Confirming all the necessary precautions, including isolations, are in

place before work begins.
 Ensuring the correct issuance and suspension of work permits in the
area under his control.
 Ensuring that work may proceed safely within the terms of the work
permit.
 Ensuring that the Performing Authority fully understands the
requirements of the work permit.
 Responsibility

Area Authority

 Ensuring that effective arrangements are made for the work site to be
examined before work begins, on completion of work and as
appropriate when work is suspended.
 Cross-referencing Permits (on the permit form) for tasks that may
interact.
 Review and revalidate the permit on every new shift until the
authorization period expires.
 Exercise daily follow-up on the work site.
 Ensuring sufficient time is spent on shift handover to discuss all on
going or suspended permits with the oncoming permit issuer.
 Responsibility

Area Authority

 Ensuring that the Issuing Authority is made aware of any changes in work
conditions or work content.
 Ensuring that, if circumstances change, work is brought to a safe stop and
advice sought.
 Ensure that safe and proper tools are used.
 Responsibility

Performing Authority

 Conduct the Task Risk Assessment

 Apply for the permit
 Seek validation of the permit by Area Authority for permit validity.
 Exercise daily follow-up on the work site.
 Conduct toolbox talk with the work team
 Ensuring sufficient time is spent on shift handover to discuss all on
going or suspended permits with the oncoming permit issuer.
 Responsibility

Performing Authority

 Confirming the personnel performing the work have received adequate

instruction in the PTW system.
 Ensuring the permit is posted or available at the work site.
 Confirming precautions are maintained throughout the activity.
 Ensuring that the Issuing Authority is made aware of any changes in
work conditions or work content.
 Ensuring that, if circumstances change, work is brought to a safe stop
and advice sought.
 Responsibility

Performing Authority

 Ensuring that the work described on the work permit is completed or left
in a safe condition if not completed.
 Ensure that people executing the work are competent.
 Ensure that safe and proper tools are used.
17
 Location of Work

Type of Permit required for a job depends on the hazards resulting from:

 The type of work.

 The area in which the work will be done.

Area Classification:

• Process Area
• Hydrocarbon Area

• Non Hydrocarbon area

Note: Any work regardless of location requires a completed TRA.

 Location of Work
Process Areas :

The area within the boundary fence of any hydrocarbon processing

facility, including:

 Facilities including all hydrocarbon processing facilities (including

BeAAT units handling flammable and combustible materials),
hydrogen plant, jetty, truck loading bays and pilot plant;
 Pumping stations.
 Hydrocarbon storage tank farms (within bund walls);
 Works within SV stations of Inter refinery pipelines;
 Warehouses storing flammable and combustible materials;
 H2S classified zones - Red and Amber zones
 Location of Work

Hydrocarbon Areas :

This includes areas outside the boundaries of process areas such as:

 Areas outside process areas, but within 50m of the boundary line.
 Areas within 50m of any flanged joints carrying flammable and toxic
materials.
 Work within 10m of an inter unit/plant gas pipeline with no flange
connections.
 Work within 30m of the inter refinery pipelines.
 H2S classified zones - Yellow zone.
 Works in other easement area
 Location of Work

Non-Hydrocarbon Areas :

These are areas where hydrocarbons have never been present. These
include:
 Areas of land outside Process and Hydrocarbon areas, including
construction sites for new facilities until hydrocarbons are first
introduced and the areas surrounding fully welded pipelines and flow
lines.
 Work by electrical personnel in electrical switching stations and on
power distribution systems including substation.
 Administration, recreation or accommodation buildings, including work
on domestic gas and electric systems.
 Location of Work

Non-Hydrocarbon Areas :

These are areas where hydrocarbons have never been present. These
include:

 Work in laboratories and medical facilities,

 Maintenance and fabrication workshops;
 Guard stations and offices;
 Warehouse offices;
 Fire training grounds
 Activities Requiring a Permit

 A separate PTW is required for each specific job, system or location.

• For repetitive routine tasks across different areas the Issuing Authority may allow
a number of stations or worksites to be identified on a single permit (but restricted
to his area of responsibility) if :

 Intrinsic hazard is the same

 Site conditions are similar (e.g. no change in H2S classification,)

Example :
House keeping activities, NDT inspections, photographic surveys, vibration
measurement, etc.
Activities Requiring a Permit
25
 Filling the Permit

• Where any Part on a Permit form is not used, it should be

marked N/A.
• Parts must not be left blank.
• Permits must be completed in ball-point pen, to ensure
that all copies of the Permit can be read easily. Felt pen
or pencil must not be used.
• No changes to the wording on a Permit are allowed. If
changes are required, a new Permit must be raised.
 Filling the Permit

• The only exception is correcting minor mistakes, where the

mistake is crossed out and the change initial by the Performing
Authority and Issuing Authority.
• Additions to the work scope are NOT ALLOWED under any
circumstances. If an addition to the work scope is required, a
new Permit shall be raised.
• It is at the Issuing Authority’s discretion whether an additional
period of 48 or 72 hrs is required before he/she authorizes the
new Permit and whether the additional work scope requires an
additional site visit.
Overview of Work Permit

Part A Task Description

Part B Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment

Part c Controls

Part D Gas Test

Part E Cross Reference

Part F Permits and Certificates Required

Part G Permit Issuance

Part H Suspension and Re Validation
Part I Completion or Cancellation
 Task Description
PART A

Prior to raising a work permit, a permit request should be made by

Performing Authority.
 Task Description

The form contains details on:

 Task work description;
 Section or Department to which the permit will be issued;
 Equipment Identification and/or Tag number;
 Location of the equipment, road description (if applicable);
 Reference to drawings (if applicable);
 Validity period.
 Task Description

 When preparation of the Part A has been completed, the Performing

Authority should submit the Permit to the appropriate Issuing
Authority.

 Issuing Authorities require notice of a Permit, to allow time to discuss

the work, and, for higher risk work, for examination of the worksite.

 The Performing Authority is responsible for ensuring the permit

request is delivered to the correct Issuing Authority and Area
Authority.

 Certain documentation may be required to support the permit, and

must be attached with the Permit.
 Task Description

This may include, but not be limited to:

 Task Risk Assessment .

 Isolation Certificates .
 Drawings.
 Safety Data Sheets.
 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment –
Part B

The objectives of the hazard identification and risk

assessment are to
 Identify all the hazards involved with a task and then
 To indicate controls that must be put in place to enable
the work to be done safely.
 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment –
Part B

Task Risk Assessment

 TRA process required for all task requiring a permit.

 TRA must be prerequisite for the issuance of a permit to work
and shall be attached to the issued permit.
 For routine tasks the TRA does not need to be completed
every time and should be included in procedures for the task.
 When TRA’s are already available for this type of work, the
details of controls and recovery measures should be checked
for applicability to the planned work. If applicable, existing
relevant TRA’s can be used and no new TRA has to be
conducted.
 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment –
Part B

Task Risk Assessment

 The First Line Supervisor responsible for the work must lead the TRA
team, which must be made up of people who will be involved in the
work.

 The Section Heads shall ensure that a TRA is carried out by the First
Line Supervisor.

Note: in some cases (e.g. for complex jobs) a dedicated facilitator may be
appointed.

 All persons involved in TRA must be competent for their role and must
receive prior training in TRA at an appropriate level.
 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment –
Part B

Onsite Hazard Identification & Assessment

 The Issuing Authority shall conduct onsite hazard

identification and risk review.

 Onsite assessment is a location specific risk

assessment, which will focus on the hazards at
the worksite and shall be carried out as part of
work planning phase.

 Issuing Authority can delegate site visits to Area

Authority for medium and low risk activities.

 It is the responsibility of the Area Authority to

arrange for the work site and equipment to be
suitably prepared to allow the intended work to
be carried out safely.
 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment –
Part B
Onsite Hazard Identification & Assessment

General Principles

• Precise details of the intended work should be ascertained.

Consideration should be given to any safer alternatives, either in terms of the timing
of the work, or the intended method of carrying out the work.

• The process/system hazards should be assessed.

Consideration should be given to the nature of the hazards associated with the
materials to be handled and the process/system conditions at the work site.

• The practical difficulties of actually carrying out the intended work

should be assessed.
If necessary, the appropriate disciplines that will carry out the work, should be
consulted.

• The impact of the intended work on the surrounding environment

should be assessed.
Care should be taken not to issue a work permit that may negate the safety
conditions for any other permitted work in the area.
 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment –
Part B
Onsite Hazard Identification & Assessment

General Principles

Based on the assessments of the hazards involved, the necessary precautions

required to carry out the intended work safely can be determined.

The following factors should be decided at this stage:

 Isolations required; process/mechanical/electrical;

 Mobile equipment required;
 Personnel protection required;
 Need for gas testing/monitoring;
 Bypass of HSE critical equipment and systems, for the shortest practicable
time possible.
 The outcome of the hazard assessment shall be included in Part "B" of the
work permit and the identified controls must be included in Part "C".
 Controls – Part C

General

 Any controls required to safely perform the work anticipated shall be

indicated in this part of the Permit.

 The controls are the outcome of the hazard identification and risk
assessment process, and should not be checklist driven.

For some permits there is a need for a certified competent person to

complete this part (e.g. for Radioactive Source Handling Work Permit ).
 Controls – Part C

Segregation of Work

Work should be segregated to ensure that it is completed in a suitable and safe

manner. Practically this means:
 Controls – Part C

Access Control

Secure the worksite from unauthorized access. To be noted on the Work

Permit.

Access control by:

• Physical Barrier
• Notice set at a distance
• Personnel to police the access route
 Controls – Part C

Energy Isolation

 HSE-CP39 Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout

/Tagout) shall be followed while working on equipment or
system containing/contained any kind of energy (
electrical, mechanical, chemical, pneumatic, etc.).

 For process and mechanical isolation, an Isolation

Confirmation Certificate shall be used.

 For electrical isolation (“De-energization”) an Electrical

Permit shall be issued.
 Gas Test – Part D

 Gas tests may be required for oxygen, flammable

and toxic gases.
 The Issuing Authority shall determine the
requirement of gas test and frequency of re-
checking.
 Trained and certified persons only can do gas test.
 Cross Reference – Part E

Any work that can interact with the work that is planned under the Permit must

be reviewed, and possible hazards from this work must be identified and

assessed.

This potentially interference shall be detailed in Part “E”. If a Permit has been

issued for this work, reference shall be made to the Permit No.

Any additional control measures that are identified shall be recorded under Part

“C”.
 Permits and Certificates Required – Part F

The work that is planned under the Permit may require other Permits (e.g. an
Electrical Permit for de energization, or a Road Closure Permit in the event of
excavation) or a Certificate (e.g. for energy isolation).

This Part of the Permit allows for cross-referencing the Permits and
Certificates.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

 The number and designation of the signatories will be determined

by the type of permit and the nature of the work to be undertaken.
 Typically, the Issuing Authority, the Area Authority, and the
Performing Authority will sign the permit.
 Personnel, who need to be aware of the permit preparation, or of
aspects of a particular task, may also be required to sign.
 If the work is carried out adjacent to another area and the
operations in that area could be affected by the scheduled work,
the area authority of this area should sign.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

• It is not permitted for one person to both authorize and supervise a

work activity.
• Typically, it is expected that the Issuing Authority and Performing
Authority are from two different departments / sections.
• In some situations, this can be difficult to arrange (for instance in
electrical substations the performer and area owner are
represented by the same section). In such occasions, a Permit can
be issued by one person (certified as Issuing Authority) to another
person (certified as Performing Authority) within the same
section/department providing that person issuing the permit is not
directly involved in performing the work for which permit is being
issued.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

Authorization for work permits

Issuing Authority before authorizing the Permit should ensure that:

 All necessary information has been written in Parts A-F and that the
information can be clearly understood.

 The Task Description is correct for the work to be done.

 The TRA is attached and identifies all hazards that may affect the work,
and the controls required to ensure that the work can be done safely.

 The Isolations required have been identified and have been written on the
Part F of the Permit.

 Any gas testing requirements have been listed and are correct for the types
of gas releases that might occur during the work.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

Authorization for work permits

Issuing Authority before authorizing the Permit should ensure that:

 If additional preparations or precautions are required, the Issuing Authority

shall add them to the Permit and ensure they are understood by and
agreed with the Performing Authority.

 If too many changes are needed to a Permit or other documents required

for the work, the Issuing Authority may reject the Permit, and ask for a new
one to be written.

 The Performing Authority should be informed of what was wrong with the
first Permit.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

Authorization for work permits

Issuing Authority before authorizing the Permit should ensure that:

 The Issuing Authority shall establish the authorization period and authorize
the permit.

 When the Permit is authorized, it is returned to the Performing Authority.

 The Performing Authority is shall submit the Permit, any supporting

certificates and TRA to the Area Authority for Validation, after any necessary
Isolation.

 It is essential that the Performing Authority brief the Area Authority on the
scope of the work that is to take place.

 The Area Authority shall be absolutely certain of the scope of the work before
allowing any work to commence.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

Validation of Work Permits

 Followed by authorization by Issuing Authority, the permit must be

validated by the Area Authority responsible for the worksite, before work
can start.
Before Validating a Permit, the Area Authority must carry out a co-ordination
check for safety conflicts between activities.
To do this he/she must:
• Check the Permit to ensure that it is valid for that day.
• Check that there are no other conflicting activities, which may be
operational, covered by other Permits.
When the Area Authority is sure that the work will not cause a conflict,
he/she shall satisfy himself/herself that the worksite is safe for the work.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

Validation of Work Permits

For Validation, he/she must:

• Do any Area Authority preparations required by the Permit and TRA to

make the worksite safe for work to start.

• Examine the worksite with the Performing Authority to ensure that the
preparations as required by the Permit and TRA have been completed to
make the worksite safe for work to start.

• Ensure that the Performing Authority understands the work and the
precautions which are required.

• When satisfied that it is safe for work to start, the Area Authority shall
validate the Permit and sign the Permit.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

Validation of Work Permits

The maximum number of permits that can be allowed under the control of
one Area Authority is:

6 validated permits in total for any combination of below:

 Hot work permit;

 Confined space entry
 Handling of radioactive sources
 Road closure

14 validated permits in total for any combination of below (including

maximum 6 of above)
 Cold work
 Mobile vehicle & machinery entry
 Electrical work
 Excavation work
 Easement work
 Permit Issuance – Part G

Validation of Work Permits

To do this, he/she must:

 The maximum number of permits that is allowed under the control of one
Area Authority can be adjusted at the discretion of the Issuing Authority, in
conjunction with the Area Authority.

 Alternatively, additional Area Authorities may be provided. Also, under

their discretion, Issuing Authority can limit the size or number of working
crews under the control of one Area Authority.

 If an additional Area Authority is provided, he must remain at the work

location whenever number of validated permits exceeds the limits.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

Acceptance by Performing Authority

 When satisfied that the worksite is safe, the Performing Authority shall
sign all Permits in the presence of the Area Authority.

 The Performing Authority has the right to refuse to sign the Permit
Acceptance until he/she is satisfied that the worksite is safe.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

Acceptance by Performing Authority

By signing the Permit the Performing Authority is agreeing to the following:

 That he/she fully understands the work and precautions.

 That all members of the work party are fully briefed.
 That the TRA will be complied with.
 That the Permit will always be displayed at the worksite in a plastic
wallet when work is in progress.
 That no work will be done unless the Area Authority has validated the
Permit.
 That the worksite will be left in a safe condition on completion or
suspension of work.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

Acceptance by Performing Authority

Performing Authority may only be in charge of:

Up to a total of 5 Permits to Work, if they are at the same location,

and within sight of each other, such that the Permit Holder may
supervise all the tasks effectively.
 Permit Issuance – Part G

Tool Box talk

 Toolbox Talk discussion is the briefing given by Performing Authority to all

who are involved in the work controlled by a permit.

 The Performing Authority is to ensure that the work party is fully aware of
the work content and precautions to be taken as outlined in the Permit
and TRA.
 Suspension, Re-Validation – Part H
Suspension

Suspension is defined as a temporary invalidation of a permit for a period during

which the work may not proceed.
The work permits shall be suspended under the following conditions:
 It is the end of the shift, which requires the re-validation of the work if not
completed.
 The conditions at the work site no longer meet the requirements of the work
permit, e.g. because other local work adversely impacts the conditions at the
worksite. In this case the Permit will be cancelled.
 The work is delayed or interrupted for more than 4 hours, for any reason.
 The equipment is to be de-isolated so that it can be tested after being worked
on.
 Suspension, Re-Validation – Part H

Suspension
 The work needs to be stopped to allow conflicting work of a higher priority
to proceed. In this case the Performing Authority is to be instructed to stop
work by the Issuing Authority/Area Authority and is to be informed of the
reasons. It is the responsibility of the Area Authority to ensure that it is safe
to stop work and leave the work site in its current condition.

 Safety violation by Performing Authority Suspension can be initiated by any

of the parties involved. In each of these cases the permit shall be returned
to the Issuing Authority once the Area Authority has confirmed that the work
site is in a safe condition.
 Suspension, Re-Validation – Part H

Revalidation extension

The re-validation process is exactly the same as the validation and

acceptance process .
 If the Area Authority changes during the work period the new Area Authority
shall re-validate all permits in his area. This is done by signing all the
original and green copies of the permit.

 After re-validation of the Permit, the Performing Authority shall satisfy

himself that the work site is safe, and sign to accept the Permit.

 Once all spaces for re-validation have been used, a new Permit is required.
 Completion or Cancellation – Part I

A Permit shall be cancelled when any of the following occur:

 The Work is complete.

 The Work has not been completed, but a new Permit is required.
 The Permit has reached the end of its Authorisation Period.
 The Work is to be suspended until a date after the Permit Authorisation
Period, e.g. when spares will be required to repair an item of equipment.
 The Work to be done is found to be different from the work description on the
Permit. A new Permit must then be obtained for the work.
 Completion or Cancellation – Part I

Cancellation of Permit:

 Emergency situation Should any changes occur in the conditions from

those defined on the permit, Issuing Authority/Area Authority shall stop
the work, and withdraw the permit until conditions have been corrected,
advising all parties concerned of his/her actions.

 Cancellation of a Hot Work Permit in emergency situations automatically

leads to a withdrawal of all open permits.

 Prior to resumption of the work, the site must be proved to be safe by re-
inspection and testing, and the work permits must be re-issued if the
original work permit conditions and requirements have been affected.
 Completion or Cancellation – Part I

Permit Closing

 Before signing off the permit, the Performing Authority and Area Authority
shall inspect the work site and sign the work permit.

 They will then sign-off original and all copies of the work permit and return
them to the Issuing Authority.
 Completion or Cancellation – Part I

Permit Closing

 By signing Part I of the Permit, The Performing Authority and Area

Authority are making statement that the worksite has been left in a safe
condition, and the Issuing Authority has to be satisfied of this before
he/she signs his/her acceptance of the completed permit.

 The Issuing Authority, on receipt of the signed-off copies of the work

permit, will sign-off all copies of the work permit.

 The original copy of the signed off work permit should be retained for a
period of twelve (12) months by Issuing Authority.

 The first copies of the permit shall be given to Performing Authority for
his record where required. When requested the signed off copies should
be made available for checking and monitoring purposes.
 Completion or Cancellation – Part I

Handback

 Hand-back to ensure that the part of the facility affected by the work is in
safe conditions and ready for reinstatement.

 Once the work is completed, the Performing Authority shall sign and date
the original copy of the form (actual permit, the one at the worksite) this
should be shown to the Area Authority and the Issuing Authority who will
confirm that the work is satisfactorily done and that safeguards disabled by
the Performing Authority have been returned to service.
 Completion or Cancellation – Part I

Hand back

 Hand back shall also consider all isolation/overrides affecting the plant or
equipment have been removed or cancelled, or that the status of any
remaining isolations/overrides is known to Area Authority and Issuing
Authority.

 Area Authority and Issuing Authority should also acknowledge on the permit
the return of the plant or equipment under their control.

 Other parties to the permits, i.e. those made aware of the work who may
have been signatory to the permit, should also be informed of its
completion.
 Completion or Cancellation – Part I

Removal of precautions

 The Performing Authority may oversee the removal the precautions,

such as isolations, barriers, etc, as directed by the Issuing/Area
Authority.

 Bypasses / overrides of HSE Critical Elements and Systems shall be in

place for the shortest practicable time and should be not necessarily
wait until the work is completed.
 Completion or Cancellation – Part I

Removal of precautions

 Once the bypass of HSE Critical Elements and Systems is no longer

required, it shall be removed after the approval of the Technical
Authority who authorized the overrides in the first place.

 The Issuing Authority, when satisfied that such overrides are no longer
required, should authorize their suspension and verification. The
suspension of overrides should be indicated on the permit.
 Interaction between Permit to Work Systems

 Only one Permit to Work System should be in place at any time.

 Under normal circumstances the TAKREER Permit to Work System will be

the only system in operation.

However, there may be circumstances where another permit to work system

may be accepted, such as when a major capital project is being undertaken
within a clearly defined area of the work site. The interactions between the
permit systems should be risk assessed, formally documented, communicated
and monitored.
 Register of Authorized Signatories

• Departmental Managers in consultation with HSEFD Manager shall develop

a list of Issuing Authorities for each area/site.

• Selection of issuing authority shall be based on ownership of the area so

any conflict/overlap between different sites/areas is avoided.

• The HSEFD Manager shall maintain a Register of all authorized signatories

which shall include the list of all trained and certified Issuing Authorities,
Area Authorities and Performing Authorities. This will also contain details of
the powers of authorization of each signatory and must be kept up to date.

• The HSEFD Manager shall ensure that a list of the appropriate authorized
signatories is available in the control room.

• Only those persons included in the register and holding valid PTW
certificates are allowed to sign permits.
72
 Training and Competence

 Ensure that all persons that will be involved in the Permit to Work system
are adequately trained and competent to fulfill their roles.

 All TAKREER employee and contractors shall be briefed on the Work

Permit system as part of their HSE Induction training.

 Refresher training shall be attended by all PTW certificate holders on

expiry of their certificates. (1 year)

 Refresher training shall address any revisions and changes made to

Permit to Work System since the last training.

 Renewal of PTW certificates shall be approved by the HSEFD Manager.

 Copy of training records shall be maintained by relevant Department

Manager.
 Monitoring, Audit and Review

Site Inspection and Monitoring

 Site inspections may also be carried as part of work permit audits, or

other site audit activities.

 Site inspections shall be carried out prior to issue of the work permit and
at each revalidation.

 A site inspection shall also be carried out on completion of the work.

 In addition, when visiting worksites as part of their normal duties,

Managers and Supervisors should do spot checks of Permits.
 Monitoring, Audit and Review
Audit and Review

 The HSEFD and departments of Issuing and Performing Authorities shall

monitor the compliance of this procedure, through regular audits and
review.

 Non-conformities should be documented and brought to the attention of

the Issuing Authority for rectification.

 There should regular audits of the operation of the entire permit system on
an annual basis
 Monitoring, Audit and Review

Monthly Process Safety Audit:

• Monthly process safety audit shall be carried out to ensure that the Permit to
Work System is effective in controlling process safety hazards and is
conforming to all process safety requirements.
• These monthly process safety audits shall be carried out by respective
PAQD Performance must be gauged by establishing Process Safety KPI on
hot work permit.
• Process Safety KPI on work permits shall be reported to senior management
on monthly basis, where focus areas must be highlighted and any
improvement required in the procedure must be sent to Corporate HSEF
Division.
77
Cold Work Permit

HSE –CP 21

1
 What is Cold Work Permit?

The Cold Work Permit covers work that does not involve
equipment or materials producing flames, sparks or heat,
or are classified as a source of ignition.
 What is Cold Work Permit?

 Cold Work Permits will be issued for all work that requires a
permit because of the potential risk involved, and that does not
require a hot work or any other permit.
 Cold Work Permit is the default level of permit.
 Examples of Cold Work Permit

 Adjusting & repairing of instruments that will not have any effect on the
operation, process or personal.
 Area cleaning, housekeeping (Non-Operation)
 Equipment lubrication which does not affect the operation of the process or
the unit except motor lubrication while running.
 Any machinery monitoring such as vibration or noise testing.
 Cold Work Permit

Controls

 Process equipment, pipe work and other equipment may have to be

completely depressurized and drained before work on them can be started.
 Connecting pipe work may require isolation by blinding.
 All necessary bleeds and vents must be opened before a Cold Work Permit
is issued.
 If required because of the number or criticality of the isolations, an Isolation
Confirmation Certificate can be used .
 If override of HSE Critical Equipment and Systems is required, a reference
should be provided in the applicable form.
 Cold Work Permit

Gas Test

 If required the Certified Gas Tester, shall carry out a gas test prior to
issuing a Cold Work Permit.
 Results of any gas testing shall be recorded and entered on the permit, if
level change during the work, the permit should be suspended.
 Cold Work Permit

Permits and Certificates Required

• In some cases, the Cold Work Permit will supplement, or be supplemented

by, other types of work permit:

 For work requiring a Hot Work Permit, such as welding, it may be

necessary to issue a Cold Work Permit to make the equipment safe for
welding.

 In work involving entry into a confined space, a Cold Work Permit will be
required to prepare the confined space for entry.
 Cold Work Permit

Permits and Certificates Required

 Where work is to be carried out on certified electrical equipment, an

Electrical Work Permit is required.

 Routine work such as replacement of lamps in safe locations does not

require an Electrical Work Permit, but does require a Cold Work Permit.

 In work requiring excavation, an Excavation Work Permit will be required

 If required because of the number or criticality of the isolations, an Isolation

Confirmation Certificate can be used .
 Cold Work Permit

Permits and Certificates Required

 In work requiring the assistance of a special vehicle such as bulldozer,

crane or heavy lorry, a Mobile Vehicle & Machinery Entry Permit is
required to allow the vehicle on to the site where access is restricted .
 If HSE Critical Equipment and System are to be bypassed or overridden,
reference shall be made to the applicable form.
 Any work requiring any form of radiography will require a Radioactive
Source Handling Permit.
 Cold Work Permit

Validity of Cold Work Permit

Maximum Authorization Period : 7 days

Revalidation : End of every shift

Cold Work Permit
12
Hot Work Permit

HSE –CP 21

1
 What is Hot Work Permit?

All such operations that may provide a source of ignition are controlled by the
Permit to Work System and require the issuing of a Hot Work Permit.
 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

 A Hot Work Permit is required for any work in an open area on

equipment that has been in service with flammable materials, toxic or
other hazardous substances.

 In determining an open area consideration should be given to the nature

of work to be carried out, the proximity of the area to operating units, and
the fire protection provided in the area.

 Determination of which areas are to be classified as open areas is made

in consultation with the HSEF Department.
 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:

 Disconnect lines, blinding and isolating.

 Free the equipment/lines of product and/or gases.
 Clean and the removal of combustible materials.
 Determine a suitable location for welding, or other hot work equipment.
 Cover and seal any sewers, ditches or drains in the area up to 15 m away.
 Controls
Precautions to be considered when
preparing to raise a Hot Work Permit:

 Removal, or wetting down of scaffolds, wooden floors, decks and

platforms.
 Making provision for fire protection and fire watchers as necessary.
 All attempts are to be made to get the work done without the need of a Hot
Work Permit.
 Check Wind direction to determine if a condition in another area will create
a hazard where the hot work will take place.
 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:
 All combustible materials within 15 m of hot work shall be removed or
covered with a fire blanket.
 Careful consideration must be given to welding, cutting or grinding on or
near wooden scaffolds.
 Piping, drums, towers, tanks, etc., must be depressurized, drained, purged
free of oil, hydrocarbon vapors or other flammable materials.
 Hot tap procedures shall be followed for hot work on equipment in service.
 Properly calibrated instruments to be be used for gas test.
 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:
 A visual inspection shall be made of the area and/or equipment to
determine that it has been cleaned of oil, hydrocarbons, vapours, or other
flammable and combustible materials before a hot work type permit may be
issued.
 Oil soaked ground should be removed .Whenever practicable the
contaminated earth should be removed and replaced with clean soil.

 Combustible materials should be covered or kept wet during Hot Work if

they cannot be removed from the area.
 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:

 Process lines or other equipment shall not be opened and samples shall
not be taken in the area of hot work when the lines or equipment contain
hydrocarbons, flammable materials, or other materials.

 No equipment re-fuelling is to be allowed while hot work is in progress.

 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:

 Workers may be informed to stop Hot Work for the purpose of collecting
samples, draining lines and opening equipment. A new permit may be
issued for the work when the conditions have been reevaluated to
determine the area is safe for work to resume.

 Welding shall not be permitted on plant air systems while they are in
service due to the potential for developing a toxic mixture inside the
equipment.
 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:

 Before Hot Work is performed on a tank bottom that has contained

hydrocarbon, a check must be made to determine that the area beneath
the floor of the tank is safe for welding or cutting.

 Special precautions shall be taken for tanks with double floors.

 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:

 Hot Work above grade: Temporary blankets or

shield should be used to contain the sparks at the
point of origin and prevent the escape of sparks.

 A Fire Watch must be assigned if deemed

necessary. The Fire Watch is stationed in the
appropriate area for the purpose of safeguarding
personnel and equipment.
 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:

 Where the hot work is to be carried out in a process /

hydrocarbon area, a minimum of two fire
extinguishers (of capacity 12 kg DCP) shall be
available within 7.5 meters from each hot / flame /
spark potential work location.
 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:

 Additionally there shall be a 2 ½ "diameter duly

pressurized water hose capable of reaching a
minimum distance of 30 meters from the hot work
location. The firewater hose shall be properly
connected to nearby fire hydrant and a
continuous flow of water shall be maintained
(with shut off valve) while hot work is in progress.
 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:

 For hot work above grade level, the temporary fire

retardant blankets for arresting flying sparks shall be
provided.
 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:
Fire Watch

A Fire Watch, if required is selected from the Operations Auxiliary or Fire section.

The fire watch is a trained person on the job who:

 Is alert of any changes in the area during Hot Work;

 Extinguishes any sparks created by the work;
 Alerts the tool operator or welder of concerns or
changing conditions;
 Verifies that the fire extinguishers provided have been
checked within the last month.
 Stops the work immediately when he hears any
emergency alarms.
 Controls

Precautions to be considered when preparing to raise a

Hot Work Permit:
Gas Test
 The Certified Gas Tester, shall carry out a gas test
prior to issuing a Hot Work Permit and record in
permit.
 If gas test level change during the work, the permit
should be suspended.
 The Hot Work permit shall not be issued if the
flammable gas is detected. If LEL is detected and
cannot be reduced to less than 1% LEL, a special
procedure will be outlined and the source of
hydrocarbon must be identified and shown that the
levels will not increase above 1% LEL.
 Permits and Certificates Required

Issue of a Confined Space Entry Permit, necessary for entry to a vessel or

confined space, may be required if the Hot Work is conducted in a
contaminated/confined space or vessel.

An additional Cold Work Permit may be required to allow for preparation

work to proceed.
19
Confined Space Entry Permit

HSE –CP 21

1
 What is Confined Space?

Permit-required confined space (permit space)" means a

confined space that has one or more of the following
characteristics:

 Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous

atmosphere;
 Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an
entrant;
 Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could
be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or
by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller
cross-section; and/or contains any other recognized
serious safety or health hazard.
 EXAMPLES OF CONFINED SPACE

Storage Tanks
Heater Column
 EXAMPLES OF CONFINED SPACE

Above 1.3 Meter deeper excavation

Pipeline located in Process and Hydrocarbon
areas.

Silo
Process Tank Manhole
 EXAMPLES OF CONFINED SPACE

Vessel Duct work

Boiler & tube area

Inlet basin
 Identification of Confined Spaces

Normally accessible confined spaces :

Confined spaces which are accessible during normal operations shall be

identified and labeled with a sign reading "Danger- Confined Space, Permit
Required - Do Not Enter".

Examples of these locations include vessel skirts, open valve boxes, etc.
 Identification of Confined Spaces

Normally Inaccessible Confined Spaces :

Confined Spaces which are inaccessible during regular operations need

not be identified until they are made accessible. Once accessible (i.e.,
manway opened, grating removed, etc.) the space must be identified and
labelled as a confined space at each entry point.

This shall be done with a sign or barricade tape reading "Danger -

Confined Space, Permit Required - Do Not Enter" (or words to that
effect) at each entry point.
 Confined Space Safety

This procedure does not apply to construction work on new vessels which
are not connected to services or process materials. It does, however, apply
to new vessels under construction in an existing working unit or tank farm.
 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

The hazards associated with confined space entry are related to:

 Oxygen Deficiency

 Combustible/flammable/explosive atmospheres

 Toxic gases or vapors

 Physical hazards

 Corrosive chemicals

 The presence of sealed radioactive sources used in

process control or measurement.

 Unknowns
 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

How can the Hazards Occur?

 Previously stored products

 Unexplained leaks/spills
 Operations accomplished within space
 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

• Hazardous Atmosphere

Unsafe amounts of a flammable

gas, vapor, mist, or dust

 Harmful levels of a hazardous

substance Engulfment By
Materials

Moving parts and Piping

 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
Confined Space Hazards

Extreme cold
Fall
Electricity

Extreme heat
Dangerous Chemical Exposure
Configuration or
Shape
 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

Other Hazards

Falling Objects

Being wedge into narrow space

Debris, Wet surfaces

These hazards become more serious because rescuers will have difficulty in
reaching you for help.
 Confined Space Safety

 10 Basic Rules Of Confined Space Entry

• Planning sessions by qualified persons

 Testing of atmosphere

• Ventilation

• Training the personnel

• Lockout/tag out

• Standby people/communication

• Tools and equipment

• Entry permit

• Continuous monitoring of atmosphere

• Recordkeeping
 Confined Space Safety

Isolation

 Isolation is the process where a confined space is removed from service

and completely protected against any release of energy and/or material.

 Isolation is achieved by bringing any energy source to "zero".

 Sources of energy include:
 Chemical
 Electrical
 Pneumatic
 Mechanical
 Hydraulic

• Equipment may also have several sources of energy.

 Controls

 Preparation of a confined space so that it can be entered safely may

include any or combinations of the following activities;

 Depressurizing,
 Draining,
 Washing out,
 Making inert atmosphere,
 Ventilating, shutting off,
 Blanking / disconnecting,
 Isolation of power.

 A Cold Work Permit may be required in order to carry out preparatory

work.

 Vessels or confined spaces that have been made inert must be

ventilated with fresh air to disperse the inert gas prior to entry.
 Controls

 Confined spaces should be positively isolated

from harmful substances.
 As far as practicable, process lines connected to
the confined space should be disconnected
and/or blinded.
 Any driven equipment installed on or in a
confined space must be positively isolated from
every source of motive power.
 If deemed necessary, an Isolation Confirmation
Certificate must be used.
 Controls

 For electrically driven equipment, switchgear must

be locked in the isolated position by Competent
Electrical Person under an Electrical Work Permit.

 The isolator must be labelled and the key retained

under control of the authorized Electrical Engineer.

 Suitable means of positive isolation must be

devised for other types of motive power, e.g.
instrument air, power gas, hydraulic power.
 Controls

 Temperatures inside confined spaces should be

reduced to a maximum of 25 C.

 Where this is not possible, work/entry duration shall

be reduced considering Wet Bulb Globe
Temperature Index (WBGT) determined.

 No person shall remain continuously in the confined

space tank for more than time determined based
WBGT.
 Controls

 Limitations on numbers of men and time

spent in the confined space must be stated
on the permit.

 The maximum number of personnel allowed

to work in the confined space shall be
identified in the TRA.

 Typically this should depend on space

restrictions, ventilation capabilities,
availability of rescue arrangements, etc.
 Controls

 Continuous supervision is required.

 In some cases, minimal supervision will be sufficient if hazards are low
and safety precautions simple.
 TRA will identify the need for continual supervision by a competent
person.
 Controls

 Conditions in surrounding areas must be checked to avoid hazard to the

persons inside the confined space.

 Ensure a safe way in and out of the confined space for quick,
unobstructed and ready access.

 The means of escape must be suitable for use by the individual who
enters the confined space so that he can escape quickly in an
emergency.
 Controls

 The Issuing Authority in consultation with the Performing Authority must

develop rescue arrangements, taking into account the nature of the
confined space, the identified hazards and the likely nature of an
emergency where rescue is required .
 Controls

Standby man: Authorized standby man shall be in

attendance at all times and the Performing Authority shall
ensure that this person is authorized and fully briefed on the
activity to be undertaken.

Responsibility of Standby personnel:

 Maintain register of entry / exit of personnel during work

in confined space

 Maintain communication and visual contact with all

personnel in the confined space

 Maintain emergency rescue equipment at all times

during work in the confined space
 Controls

Responsibility of Standby personnel:

 Record any incidents during work process

 Standby personnel shall not attempt to perform rescue operations

unless has been trained and competent to do so.
 Inert Entry

 Inert Entry shall be performed only by qualified

contractor.

 Because of the specialized training and equipment

required to safely enter a Confined Space containing an
inert atmosphere, TAKREER employees shall not be
allowed to enter such spaces - even to perform or assist
with rescue operations.

 Qualified contractors trained to perform entry into a

confined space with an inert atmosphere are the only
work groups allowed to enter such a space.
 Inert Entry

Prior to commencing Inert Entry operations, the qualified contractor shall

develop a written "Entry Plan" for the project.

The plan shall include at least the following information:

a. The acceptable entry conditions

b. The frequency of atmospheric testing
c. The actions to be taken if these conditions are exceeded (for example - "if
Oxygen levels in the space exceed 4% we will abort the entry, evacuate
personnel from the space until the condition can be corrected, and notify Area
Authority")
d. Rescue plans
e. Task risk assessment
 Inert Entry

• When entry is to be made into a confined space which contains catalyst

or other material that is exothermic or reactive with oxygen, the oxygen
content of the space shall be maintained at 4% oxygen by volume or
less.
 Ventilation

In establishing the ventilation requirements for confined

spaces, consideration will be given to the following:

 Volume of the space to be ventilated

 Work type
 Output capacity of the ventilation device
 Presence of loose insulation, dust or other materials
that may become airborne
 Air distribution within the space
 Ventilation

 Mechanical ventilation should be maintained at all times while

the entrant is in the confined space to provide some cooling
effect.

 General dilution ventilation should produce approximately 10 air

changes per hour; however, in all cases, the determination of
adequate ventilation shall be supported by air monitoring
results.

 During hot work processes when elevated concentrations of

toxic materials may be present, field testing of airflow and
personal monitoring shall be carried out to verify exhaust
system efficiency

 Ventilation system motive force (pneumatic or electric) supply

points shall be locked or tagged in the "on" position.
 Ventilation

 Precautions will be taken to ensure that flow reversal or air

contamination from adjacent hazardous sources cannot enter the
confined space (e.g. drain lines from confined space to oily sewers).

 When possible, there should be at least one makeup air manway for
each air moving device (fans or venture type eductors).

 Local exhaust ventilation shall be used for confined spaces that do

not offer a feasible way to attach an air moving device in a way that
will produce controlled airflow through the space (e.g. heat
exchangers open on one end).
 Ventilation

 Local exhaust ventilation shall maintain an air velocity of at least 100 fpm
at the source of the fumes or gases.

 Venturi ventilators, also known as air horns, can be used with flexible
ducting to ventilate smaller spaces such as heat exchangers.
Ventilation
 Ventilation

 For confined spaces which are too small to install a ventilation system, it
may be necessary to prescribe a higher level of respiratory protection to
compensate for the lack of ventilation.

• Safety Engineer/Industrial Hygiene Specialist shall be consulted for

guidance on these issues.

 Air blower/mover to be used in system must be a spark resistant materials

where a fumes or contaminants in the airstream has the tendency to ignite
 Personal Protective Equipment

So far as is reasonably practicable, TAKREER sites must ensure that a

confined space is safe to work in without the need for Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE), Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) and breathing
apparatus, which should be a last resort, except for rescue work.
 Personal Protective Equipment

 The Issuing Authority must decide, based on TRA findings and onsite
inspection, and consulting the HSEFD if required, whether the confined
space is safe-to-enter, not requiring the use of PPE, RPE, and breathing
apparatus in emergency situations.

 If ventilation is considered adequate he/she must be satisfied that it will

remain adequate for the whole period covered by the permit.
 Personal Protective Equipment

 If the confined space is not-safe-to-enter,

then in additional to basic and suitable PPE,
RPE and breathing apparatus must be used.

 A safety harness and lifeline must be

attached to the man entering the confined
space and a standby person to remain
outside the confined space holding and
guiding the free end of the line.

 A communication system should be

considered whenever necessary.
 Personal Protective Equipment

 All personnel wearing RPE / breathing apparatus must leave

the confined space when the low pressure alarms sound on
their breathing set.

 All personnel involved in confined space entry shall be subject

to competency assessment and certification.

 All personnel performing confined space entry such as

authorized entrants, attendants, entry supervisors and rescue
team members should be suitably trained and possess a 3rd
party certification.
 Personal Protective Equipment

In addition, personnel involved in confined space entry shall meet the

following fit-for-work criteria:

 Respiratory fitness certificate;

 Lack of pre-existing medical conditions such as claustrophobia;
 Excessive body weight (<130 kg);
 Any other medical conditions as determined by qualified medical
professional.
 Gas Test

 Issuing Authority for the Confined Space Entry Permit

shall always require a Gas Test to be conducted.

 Certified Gas Tester to conduct the gas test .

 Safety Engineer’s signature/cross-check for gas testing is

also required for permit issuance (first time only).

 Testing to measure the oxygen and vapour content must

be carried out first, followed by testing for flammable,
toxic gases, vapours and dusts.

 Additional tests may be required to detect the presence

of contaminants in liquid or solid form.

 It is important not to overlook the flammable properties

of toxic substances.
 Gas Test

 Regular monitoring of the atmosphere may also be necessary to check

that there is no change in the quality during the work.

 The frequency of subsequent testing shall be stipulated on Part C of the

permit based on TRA findings and/or discretion of Issuing Authority.

 A confined space located within H2S classified area shall be monitored

continuously.

 If additional Gas Tests are required, this can be indicated in Part “D” and
the Record of Additional Gas Tests
 Permits & Certificates Required

 Issue of an Electrical Work Permit may be required for electrical isolation.

 Similarly, there may be a need for an Isolation Confirmation Certificate to

establish positive process/ mechanical isolation.

 An additional Cold Work Permit may be required to allow for preparation

work to proceed.

 The Maintenance Department will carry out the preparatory work,

complete the appropriate part of the permit and return the permit to the
Issuing Authority for approval.
45
Radioactive Source Handling
Permit

HSE –CP 21

1
 Radioactive Source Handling Permit

The Radioactive Source Handling Permit defines the conditions governing the
use and handling of radioactive substances.

Where radioactive substances are to be stored or used at TAKREER site, the

substances should be registered with the HSEF Department.
Radiation energy is harmful to the human body only when it is
absorbed at excessive rates. Basic protection factors are: time,
distance and shielding.
 Radioactive materials usually release alpha particles, which
are the nuclei of helium, beta particles, which are quickly
moving electrons or positrons, or gamma rays.
 Alpha and beta particles can often be stopped by a piece of
paper or a sheet of aluminum, respectively.
 They cause most damage when they are emitted inside the
human body.
 Gamma rays are less ionizing than either alpha or beta
particles, and protection against gammas requires thicker
shielding.

 The damage they produce is similar to that caused by X-rays,

and include burns and also cancer, through mutations ( ‫تغير‬
‫ ) ْاحيائي‬.

 Human biology resists germ line mutation by either correcting

the changes in the DNA or inducing apoptosis (Programmed
Cell Death) in the mutated cell.
 • Weld joints Gama rays etc
NDT(Non- • Piping and vessels thickness measurement
Destructive
Testing)

• Installation of nucleonic instruments

Radioactive • Replacement of radioactive materials
Instruments
 Radioactive Source Handling Permit

The most commonly encountered uses/occurrences of radioactive

substances are:

 Radioactive Source Handling (radiography, etc);

 Radioactivity based process instruments;
 NORM contaminated waste from process lines/vessels/tanks.
 Radioactive Source Handling Permit
Controls

Strict precautions must be enforced to ensure that personnel are not exposed to
hazardous radiation levels during radioactive operations.

Managing Risks:

 The controls must be identified by a Competent Person for Radiation

Protection.
 Handling of radioactive substances must only be carried out by Competent
Person for Radiation Protection.
 Handling will normally be carried out by authorized TAKREER inspection
personnel, or by authorized contractors' personnel.
 Competent Person for Radiation Protection are to be approved by the
Inspection Section Head.
 Radioactive Source Handling Permit

Controls

The following precautions are applicable to all radiographic operations:

 Radioactive shall take place only within a controlled area, which must be
segregated by warning barriers to prevent access by unauthorized persons.

 Warning signals, audible, visual, or both, must be clear, unambiguous and

carefully situated.
 Radioactive Source Handling Permit

Controls

 The effective dose rate should not exceed 20

μSv/year to the worker.

 In general, no person should be within the

controlled area during radiographic exposure.
Warning signs shall
be in both Arabic and
 When this cannot be avoided for the purpose of
English
commencing or terminating an exposure, the
person entering should not be exposed to an
instantaneous dose in excess of 2.5 μSv/h.
 Radioactive Source Handling Permit
Controls

 The effective dose rate outside the storage place in areas accessible to
members of the public should never exceed 1 μSv/h; when account is
taken of the likely exposure time of members of the public, the combination
of exposure time and effective dose rate should not lead to exposures
exceeding 1mSv per annum.

 Two audible warnings must be given, the first immediately prior to and the
second during the actual Radioactive operation.
 Radioactive Source Handling Permit
Controls

 Local shielding of sources, including

collimators, must be used where possible to
reduce dose rate and size of controlled area.

 Once the exposure has commenced, no

alterations must be made to the radiographic
setup until the exposure has terminated.
 Radioactive Source Handling Permit

Controls
.

 After every exposure using sealed sources, a check

using a monitoring instrument must be made to
ensure that the source has properly retracted into its
shield or container.
 Never handle sources with the bare hands, handling
tools must always be used. Lead shot and sheet for
shielding purposes must be readily available for use
in an emergency.
 Radioactive Source Handling Permit

Controls

 Source containers must have a lock to prevent unintended or

unauthorized exposure.
 The position of the shutter, whether open or shut, must be clearly
indicated.
 Radioactive Source Handling Permit

Controls

 If a Gas Test is deemed necessary, this shall be indicated and Part "D"
of the form shall be completed.
 If the work is to be performed in a confined space, a Confined Space
Permit Form shall be issued.
 Radioactive Source Handling Permit

Controls
PART A

18
PART B,C,D Classified Person

19
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