ĐỀ LUYỆN SỐ 36

SECTION A. LISTENING
Part 1. You are going to hear Gary giving a talk about adventure racing as a part of a school
project. Listen and complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER.
Adventure racing
Gary participated with his (1)_____family_________ in his first adventure race last year.
Adventure racing became popular as a sport in the (2)______early 1990s________, although there
were races before that.
In many adventure races, there must be a balance of (3)_____men and women_________ in each
team.
Gary thinks teams which contain (4)_____specialists______ are more successful.
Although some races take place in urban areas, most happen in (5)__mountains or deserts___.
Teams are really alone on the race because there are almost no (6)____inhabitants___ in the area
where they race.
Gary’s ambition is to do a race called the (7)______South Iceland___ Race in New Zealand.
Some races may take up to (8)_____10 days__ to complete.
Gary thinks (9)____staying awake__ must be the hardest thing in long races.
Adventure racing is considered (10)___motivating__ by many athletes from other sports as well.
Part 2. You will hear part of a lecture about dangers for children and do the tasks that follow.
Questions 11 – 14: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
11. Most infants are hurt
A. at the supermarket. B. at home. C. in car accidents.
12. Children should learn good safety habits from
A. their pre-school teachers. B. television programmes. C. their parents.
13. Why are kitchens more dangerous for infants than adults?
A. They may get stood on. B. They may get burnt. C. They may cut themselves.
14. Poisons should never be kept
A. in glass drink bottles. B. within reach of adults. C. in their original containers.
Questions 15 and 16: Which TWO items of playground equipment post the most danger for
children?
A. Roundabouts B. Slides C. Swings D. Seesaws E. Climbing frames
Questions 17 – 20: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
17. If you are bathing the baby and the phone rings, what should you do?
_______let it ring_______
18. What can you install to stop a child from poking things into a power point?
______protective plugs________
19. Where should a parent go to smoke a cigarette?
____outside_____
20. When can a parent leave a young child alone in a room with a heater?
_______never_______

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SECTION B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1. Choose the correct option (A, B, C or D) to complete each of the following sentences.
1. His promise is as good as _________. We can rely on him.
A. gold B. gem C. diamond D. jewel
2. _________ me another beer Des. Then I really must be going. It is quite late!
A. spill B. trickle C. pour D. fill
3. You can exercise your _________to cancel the contract immediately, but you wouldn't receive
any money at that point.
A. duty B. obligation C. right D. possibility
4. When he finally _________, he couldn’t remember what had happened.
A. stood back B. wore off C. came round D. held back
5. The Continental United States is_________ that there are four time zones.
A. so big an area B. very big C. much big D. so a big area
6. _________ the fifth largest among the nine planets that make up our solar system still surprises
many students.
A. That the Earth is B. The Earth being C. Being the Earth D. The Earth is
7. I don't think anyone understood what I was saying at the meeting, did they? I totally failed to
get my point ______________.
A. around B. about C. across D. along
8. It was a ____________ good film Howard. You absolutely have to go and see it!
A. wonderful B. enormous C. terribly D. badly
9. The U.S postal service policy for check approval includes a requirement that two pieces of
identification_________.
A. be present B. for presentation C. present D. are presented
10. James was_________ from school for bad behaviour.
A. dismissed B. expelled C. discharged D. exiled
11. Capital punishment was done _________ in Britain nearly half a century ago.
A. off by B. away with C. over from D. out for
12. I picked up these ___________from the travel agents today. They have a great offer on cruises
to Turkey for the end of April!
A. leaflets B. manifestoes C. brochures D. programmes
13. Especially important to many people _________.
A. there is legislation against population B. is legislation against population
C. it is legislation against population D. legislation against population is
14. He was arrested on a lonely highway and charged with drinking while under the ________of
alcohol.
A. power B. influence C. spell D. side effects
15. In spite of our big effort, we have not managed to _________ enough money for renovation of
the school buildings.
A. raise B. compose C. rear D. score
16. _________, I’ll pick you up at six.
A. Time permitted B. If time permitted
C. Time being permitted D. Time permitting
17. I don’t believe a _________ of what he says.
A. sentence B. word C. phrase D. matter
18. The polite usher _________ us to our seats in the theatre.
A. commanded B. sent C. helped D. directed
19. _________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountains do not seem high at all.
A. When compared B. A comparison C. If you compare D. Compare them
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20. You_________ politely at party. Everyone was casually dressed.
A. couldn’t have dressed B. didn’t need to dress
C. needn’t have dressed D. mustn’t have dressed
Part 2: There are ten mistakes in the following passage. Find the mistakes and correct them.
The main sources of energy in the world are fossil fuels - coal, oil and natural gas. Fossil fuels are
non-renewable - this mean ->means that nature cannot recreate them as fast as people using-> use
them up today. Sometimes in the future, all of them will run out and we will need other renewable
sources of energy. Some renewable energy sources are being->are available now. One of them is
water, what->which has been used to create energy for thousands of years. Today, hydro-or water
power, generate->generated by huge dams, is a major source of electric-> electricity in many
parts of the world. But hydropower has its own costs. When dams are built, the area above them is
flooded, even for->in miles. In some places, people lose their homes as well as the rich soil river in
which they once growed->grew their crops. In other places, wonderful wild landscapes buried-
>are buried forever under new, artificial lakes. Below the dams, the natural habitats->habitat of
fish and wildlife->marine life in the river valley are destroyed as the course of the river is changed.
Part 3: Fill in each blank with the suitable form of the word in capital.
It’s noisy in space!
Inside the International Space Station, it is so noisy that the astronauts cannot hear one
another. As a result, United States and Russian engineers have launched a PRIOR
(1)___prioritized_______ repair programme which they hope will lead to the REDUCE
(2)____reduction______ of the station’s 72-decibel roar: the equivalent of standing beside a HEALTH
busy motorway. ‘It is not a (3)_____healthy_____ situation,’ said Mike Engle, a SPEAK
(4)__spokesperson________ for the engineering team. ‘Apart from astronauts losing sleep, HEAR
there is a danger one of them will (5)____mishear______ a colleague’s instruction and press IRONY
an incorrect button!’ (6)_Ironically__, most of the noise comes from the equipment needed LIFE
to keep them (7)___alive_______. ‘The coolers are the worst,’ Mr Engle explained. ‘But BEAR
without them, the station would become (8)___unbearably_______ hot! When we put SURE
together the station we faced a choice. We could either spend extra years (9)___ensuring___
that the station would be totally quiet, or we could get on and build the thing. Now it’s QUIET
assembled, we are doing our best to (10)___quieten_______ it down.

SECTION C. READING
Part 1. Choose the correct answer from the four options marked A, B, C, or D to complete
each numbered gap in the following passage.
These days in business, people have to face many challenging questions when designing and
implementing new projects in underdeveloped areas of the countryside. One issue which has to be
faced is whether it is possible to introduce new technology without destroying the local
environment.
Economic (1)_________ and environment conservation are often seen as natural enemies. It
is unfortunate that in the past this has often been true, and it has been necessary to choose between
(2) _________ the project or protecting the environment. However, by taking environmental
considerations (3) _________ at an early stage in a project, companies can significantly reduce any
impact on local plants and animals.
For example, in southern Africa, a company called CEL, was asked to put up 410 km of a
power transmission line without disturbing the rare birds which inhabit that area. The project was
carried out with (4) _________ disturbance last summer. What may surprise many business people
is the fact that this consideration for local wildlife did not in any way (5) _________ down the
project. Indeed, the necessary advance planning (6) _________ with local knowledge and advanced

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technology, (7) _________ that the project was actually completed ahead of schedule. CEL was
contracted to finish the job by October and (8) _________ to do so two months earlier.
CEL is one of those companies which is (9) _________ to the principle of environmental
conservation. Many other companies have yet to be (10) _________ of the importance of balancing
the needs of people with those of the environment. However, it may be the only realistic way
forward.
1. A. progression B. development C. rise D. increase
2. A. dealing B. leading C. running D. controlling
3. A. severely B. gravely C. seriously D. deeply
4. A. minimal B. bare C. least D. smallest
5. A. slow B. speed C. turn D. hold
6. A. related B. added C. combined D. tied
7. A. led B. meant C. resulted D. caused
8. A. achieved B. managed C. succeeded D. fulfilled
9. A. persuaded B. convicted C. promised D. committed
10. A. urged B. impressed C. argued D. convinced
Part 2: Read the text and fill in each blank with one most suitable word.
It was an unusually dark night. In the middle of ___1. an___ enjoyable dream, Jim thought he
heard his dog ___2. barking___ loudly. He groaned and glanced at his clock sleepily. Twelve
o'clock the green fluorescent hands of his clock read. Suddenly, Jim heard hushed voices outside
his house. He immediately became alert and jumped ___3. out___ of bed. As his parents had gone
on a holiday. Jim was alone at home. He decided to investigate who was outside.
As he walked towards his bedroom door, Jim, however, became afraid. He wondered ___4.
what___ could be outside his house in the dead of ___5. dark___ night. His imagination began to
run wild. He pictured in his mind armed robbers who were waiting to break into the house. He even
imagined supernatural forces such as ghosts and werewolves. In the end, Jim changed his ___6.
mind___ about going out of the house. ___7. However___, he locked his bedroom door and
crawled under his bed. With his heart in his mouth, he waited for the intruders. Suddenly, there was
a clicking sound and he heard the front door open.
"Jim?" said a familiar ___8. voice___. It was his father! Jim felt weak with relief. His parents must
___9. have___ returned home earlier than he had expected. ___10. What___ a fright they had
given him!
Part 3. Read the passage and then choose the correct option (A, B, C, or D) for each question
below.
1) Science plays a crucial role in identifying problems related to how natural systems function and
deteriorate, particularly when they are affected by an external factor. In turn, scientific findings
shape the policies introduced to protect such systems where necessary. Experts are frequently called
upon by politicians to provide evidence which can be used to make scientifically sound, or at least
scientifically justifiable policy decisions.
2) Issues arise as there are frequent disagreements between experts over the way data is gathered
and interpreted. An example of the former is the first scientific evidence of a hole in the ozone layer
by the British Antarctic Survey. (A) The findings were at first greeted by the scientific community
with scepticism, as the British Antarctic Survey was not yet an established scientific community.
(B) Moreover, it was generally believed that satellites would have picked up such ozone losses if
they were indeed occurring. (C) It was not until the methodology of NASA's Goddard Space Flight
Center was reviewed that it became apparent that data had been overlooked. (D)
3) With regards to the latter, controversy between scientists may arise where data analysis appears
to support one policy over another. In 1991, the World Resource Institute (WRI) published
estimates of net emissions and sinks of greenhouse gases for a number of countries, including India.
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The report provoked criticisms among Indian scientists who argued that the figures had failed to
take some significant factors into account, leading to overestimated emission values. The WRI was
accused of blaming less economically developed countries for global warming; a stance which, if
accepted, could impede industrialisation and sustain, even widen, the wealth gap.
4) Problems regarding the scientific method are well documented and it is widely accepted by the
scientific community that, however consistent scientists are in their procedures, the results born
under different circumstances can vary markedly. A number of factors influence research, among
them the organisation of a laboratory, the influence of prevailing theories, financial constraints and
the peer review process. Consequently, scientists tend to believe they are not in a position to bear
universal truths but to reveal tendencies.
5) However, this is countered by two factors. Firstly, certain scientific institutions wish to maintain
a degree of status as ‘bearers of truth’. Further, policy makers uphold this understanding by
requesting scientific certainties in order to legitimise their policy decisions. According to a number
of authors who have documented this process, decision makers do not necessarily try to obtain all
the information which is or could be made available regarding an issue. Rather, they select that
information which is necessary to fulfil their goals, information termed as ‘half-knowledge’.
Attempts to underplay transboundary issues such as water provision and pollution are cases in
point. Politicians clearly cannot pretend that certain data do not exist if they are well-known in
scientific communities or national borders, but some discretion is evident, especially where there is
controversy and uncertainty.
6) It is important to note that policies regarding scientific issues are influenced in no small part by
societal factors. These include the relative importance of certain environmental issues, the degree of
trust in the institutions conducting the research, and not least the social standing of those affected
by the issue. In other words, environmental problems are in many ways socially constructed
according to the prevailing cultural, economic and political conditions within a society. It has been
suggested, for example, that contemporary 'post-materialist' Western societies pay greater attention
to 'quality' - including environmental quality – than 'quantity'. This theory does not necessarily
assume that people of low-income countries have no interest in environmental protection, as
the example of the Chipko movement in India clearly demonstrates, but demonstrates that
the way a resource is valued varies widely among different communities.
7) Finally, it cannot be denied that the ‘issue of the day’ changes constantly. One issue becomes
more or less urgent than another, based on current events. Concurrently, new issues enter the
political agenda. It has been noted that it often takes a 'policy entrepreneur', someone who dedicates
time, energy and financial resources to a certain issue, to raise its profile. Furthermore, whether an
issue is taken up by political, environmental or media groups, depends very much on the degree to
which it suits their particular agenda, not to mention budget.
1. With reference to paragraph 1, which of the following pieces of research would be NOT be
relevant to this article?
A. the effect of climate change on weather patterns in Africa
B. whether or not low level radiation increases the risk of cancer
C. how acid rain impacts species within a lake ecosystem
D. a comparison of the species present in two areas of woodland
2. What is the purpose of the example of ozone data given in paragraph 2?
A. to show that NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center used unreliable methods of gathering
scientific data
B. to show how data gathering methods and the status of scientists may affect the way data is
regarded
C. to prove that it is wrong to dismiss evidence which comes from a non-established source

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D. to show how NASA and the British Antarctic Survey disagreed over the correct way to
gather ozone data.
3. Where in paragraph 2 does this sentence best fit?
This was because of the way their computers had been programmed to discard any readings which
appeared anomalous.
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D)
4. Paragraph 3 gives an example of a dispute over…
A. which country was most responsible for producing greenhouse gases
B. the pollution caused by multinational companies in India.
C. how statistics were interpreted and presented.
D. erroneous data which resulted from a poorly-funded experiment.
5. In paragraph 5, ‘this’ refers to…
A. the scientific method and its inherent problems.
B. the belief that scientists cannot reveal universal truths.
C. the variation in scientific results under different circumstances.
D. the list of factors which influence scientific research.
6. What is meant by this sentence?
‘Further, policy makers uphold this understanding by requesting scientific certainties in order to
legitimise their policy decisions.’
A. Politicians when seeking evidence for policy-making, do not understand the fact that scientists
are unable to act as ‘bearers of truth’.
B. Politicians consider the scientific research that supports their policies as more legitimate than
other research.
C. Scientific institutions encourage politicians to use them for policy-making in order to improve
their status.
D. Politicians, when seeking evidence for policy-making, encourage the belief that scientists
can produce incontestable facts.
7. Which sentence best sums up the ideas in paragraph 4?
A. Scientists are aware that their work cannot present incontrovertible (=undeniable) facts.
B. If scientists were more consistent, they could create more reliable evidence.
C. Variations in how research is conducted often affect its validity.
D. Scientists spend more time documenting problems than conducting research.
8. Why are ‘transboundary issues such as water provision and pollution’ referred to in
paragraph 5?
A. to illustrate situations in which politicians pretend that certain data does not exist
B. to illustrate situations in which incorrect information is given by scientific institutions keen to
maintain their status.
C. to illustrate situations in which politicians are selective with regards to what data they
gather
D. to illustrate situations in which policy makers request scientists to present them with scientific
certainties, even though none exist.
9. What can be inferred about the Chipko movement?
A. It was an example of how people in low-income countries have little interest in environmental
protection.
B. It was an example of how different people within a community valued a resource
differently.
C. It was an example of how people in a low-income community showed interest in protecting the
environment.
D. It was an example of how people in a low-income community valued quantity over quality.
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10. Which of the following arguments is NOT presented in paragraph 7?
A. An issue only get political or media attention if someone with a high profile is supporting it.
B. Politicians are only interested in environmental issues if it benefits them.
C. Issues don’t get public attention unless a particular person advocates it strongly.
D. Issues may be overlooked if there are other significant events happening at the time.
SECTION D. WRITING
Part 1. For questions 1-5, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between
three and six words, including the word given.
1. If there is a fire, you must not use the lift to leave the building. (EVENT)
___In the event of a fire____, you must not use the lift to leave the building.
2. Jack has such a vivid imagination, it is possible that he invented the whole story. (MADE)
Jack has such a vivid imagination that he might _have made up___ the whole story.
3. She hated publicity so much that she never gave any interviews to the media. (HER)
Such_was her hatred ____ of publicity that she never gave any interviews to the media
4. I just didn’t know what to say. (LOST)
I was _at lost for words_____.
5. Tim looks nothing like his father. (TAKE)
Tim _ doesn’t take after___his father.
Part 2. Write an essay of 250-300 words on the following topic:
In many countries, plastic shopping bags are the main source of rubbish, causing pollution on land
and in the water, so people think that they should be banned.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience to support your arguments with
examples and relevant evidence.

-----------------THE END ----------------

It is an undeniable fact that the primary factor contributing to pollution and the explosion of
rubbish in the majority of nations is the plastic shopping bag. From my point of view, I am
totally in favor of the idea that the utilization of this item should come to an end
There are various reasons why there should be a prohibition on the use of plastic shopping
bags. To begin with, plastic bags have been known to cause detrimental environmental
damage. A single plastic bag can take up to thousands of years to dissolve completely. This
makes the bags stay on the Earth longer and consequently results in annual growth in the
amount of rubbish. It is not surprising to witness roads, streets, lakes or rivers in many poor-
garbage handling countries be rife with throw-away bags
Another point worth noticing is that plastic bags can pose a serious threat to animal life.
Numerous reports have showed that a multitude of both wildlife and marine animals die
every year due to the suffocation encountered on accidentally eating throw-away bags. Most
importantly, since plastic bags are not biodegradable, the only way to get rid of them is to
burn them up. However, this can release toxic fumes such as mono dioxide or methane, which
can contaminate the air environment and exert adverse effects on human health, especially
young children and pregnant women

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Some individuals continue to say that plastic bags are of vital importance and can hardly be
replaced by any other materials. Of course, this is only true to some extent. Nevertheless, we
should bear in mind that the harmful consequences of utilizing plastic bags mentioned above.
Furthermore, several international and local authorities have encouraged the use of recycled-
clothes bags instead of plastic ones.
In conclusion, plastic bags have had damaging effects on our environment and it is urgent to
ban the use of this item.

Cô ơi, bài này em bị lặp “ plastic bags” nhiều quá mà hình như không có cụm nào thay thế
cho nó. Cô sửa giúp em cho nó đỡ bị lặp với ạ

Thí sinh không được sử dụng tài liệu. Cán bộ coi thi không giải thích gì thêm.

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