‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 1

LESSONS

LESS
Why not contact my cousin?
ONS
1&2

1 VOCABULARY: air travel B Complete the two-word nouns with the

following.
A Complete Azad’s conversation at the airport
with the check-in assistant. Then practise. control departure landing boarding
ticket youth
air ticket boarding pass luggage
passport shoulder bag suitcase visa 1 air ticket
2 departure
lounge
3 boarding pass
4 passport control
5 youth conference

C Find the airport words to complete two

more types of officer.

cutmoss crysuite ciliop

1 police office
2 security r
3 customs office
r
office
r

Assistant May I see your (1) passport

and your (2) air ticket 2 VOCABULARY: words in context
Choose the right word to complete each statement.
, please? Change the form where necessary.
Azad Here you are, and here’s my 1 Another passenger on the plane asked
(3) visa for America. Azad about his visit to New York. (ask / find
Assistant Thanks. And how many pieces of out)
2 Azad found out a lot from this
(4) luggage are you checking
in today? passenger, who knew New York well. (ask /
Azad Just one (5) suitcase . find out)
It’s about 20 kilos, I think. 3 I’m just going on a short trip to
the mountains for a few days. (journey / trip)
Assistant Yes, 20.3 kilos. That’s fine.
4 Marco Polo’s long and dangerous
Azad Do you need to weigh my journey from Italy to China took
(6) shoulder bag , roughly three years. (journey / trip)
too? 5 The manager and her assistant always have a
Assistant Yes, please. Mm … 3.5 kilos, so
that’s no problem. … Now, ten-minute meeting at the start of the
here’s
boarding pass ,
your (7) day. (conference / meeting)
which shows you your seat number on 6 Thousands of people from all over the
the plane – 23C. world will come to the next international
conference on climate change.
Azad Thanks very much.
(conference / meeting)
Assistant You’re welcome. Have a good flight.

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬

 1
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
T O N E W YO R
K
7 Hemin and I had a quick conversation
this morning, and he told me a bit about his 3 You don’t know anyone in New York,
holiday. (conversation / discussion) do you?
8 Everyone who works here should meet one 4 New York is a huge city, isn't it?
day and have a proper discussion about
the future of our organization. (conversation / 5 You won’t get home until next week,
discussion) will you?

6 There are people from all over the world at the

yesterday conference, aren't there?
9 We had dinner at about 7.00 evening. 7 The conference isn’t going to begin today,
(last night / yesterday evening) is it?
10 I turned off the TV and went to bed at 10.30 8 People have to go to the conference centre
last night . (last night / yesterday
evening) tomorrow morning, don't they?
11 I’ve just read an amazing fact 9 You haven’t had time to explore New York yet,
in this guidebook: the population of Greater have you?
New York is around 20 million! (fact /
information) 10 You can’t see Central Park from your hostel,
can you?
12 This guidebook has lots of useful
information , advice and suggestions
about things to do and places to see in New
York. (fact / information)

3 FUNCTIONS: making suggestions

Complete the suggestions with these forms.
Be careful with the grammatical forms!

5 LANGUAGE FOR LIFE

Complete the conversation. Then practise.
I suggest … Let’s …
What about … Why not … Fine. How can I help?
Read more about this in SB Unit 1 Language Have you got a pen and paper?
focus page 10. How was your journey?
1 Why not visit the Tourist Office to
get more information? Rondik Hi, Susie! It’s Rondik, and I’ve
just arrived in New York!
2 Let's
meet at 12.00. Susie Oh, great! How was your journey?
3 I suggest that you go to the museum if you Rondik It was very good. I really enjoyed it.
have time.
Susie I can give you some names of places to
4 What about going for a walk in Central visit if you like.
Park with me? Rondik Thanks. That would be very useful.
5 Why not keep an afternoon free for Susie Right. Have you got a pen and a paper?
seeing the sights of New York?
Rondik Just a moment … OK, I’m ready now.
Rondik And I wonder if I could ask you one or
4 GRAMMAR: tag two questions.
Susie Fine. How can I help?
questions
Complete Kate’s tag questions.
1 The conference starts tomorrow, doesn’t it? Rondik Well, first of all, how can I find out
what’s happening in New York.
2 You aren’t giving your presentation tomorrow,
are you? Susie Oh, I suggest you buy a magazine
called Time Out. It tells you
everything.
3
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 1
LESSONS

LESS
They wanted a better life.
ONS
3&4

GRAMMAR: comparative the world, but they also work and play
1
and superlative forms (6) the hardest (hard). About safety? Well,
A Complete this part of an interview with New York used to be very dangerous, but not now.
Helen. Use comparative forms. Apart from Tokyo, I’d say it’s (7) the safest
(safe) city I’ve ever known.’
‘I come from a little town
called Grass Valley out west in
Oregon. Life there couldn’t be 2 VOCABULARY: grammatical pairs
(1) more different from
(different from) the way it is here. For a A Find verbs and nouns from the text on SB
start, everything is page 6 to complete the pairs.
a lot quieter verb noun
(2) noun noun
(a lot quiet) there, and life is 1 act action (thing) (person)
(3) much less busy 2 live life 1 activity actor
(much busy than) it is here in New York.
3 enter entrance 2 immigration immigrant
People are also (4) a lot more friendly
4 build building 3 art artist
(a lot friendly than) they are here. You see,
they take the time to talk to you and get to know 5 attract attraction 4 visit visitor

you (5) much better (much well than) 5 tour tourist

people do here. Here, life is just a race
against time, day and night! And I have to B Use grammatical pairs from A to complete
say most people back in Grass Valley seem the following. Change the form where
(6) a lot happier (a lot happy than) necessary.
people do here. I’d love to go back, but sadly
there’s (7) much less work (much little 1 At drama school, young actors do
work than) there is here in New York. So … I all sorts of strange activities and
have to live in New York, but home for me will exercises to help them learn to act well.
always be Grass Valley.’ 2 When tourists first start to explore
New York, they often choose to ‘get the feel’
of the city by taking a bus tour
B Complete this part of an interview with Josh. .
Use superlative forms. 3 Old Tom has lived in a small house
on Staten Island all his life .
‘I’ve lived in some of 4 New York is a great home to music, painting
(1) the biggest (big) and all the other arts . You can
cities in the world, but for me see the work of thousands of artists
there’s nowhere else like New in museums and many other places around the
York. city.
It’s simply (2) the most exciting 5 That office building is quite new. It
(exciting) city on Earth, with was built just four years ago.
many of (3) the best 6 When crime first got very bad, the police did
(good) theatres and music and act
fashion events you’ll ever find not quickly enough to stop
it. But later, their actions gradually
anywhere. It’s not perfect, of course. For example, made the city a much safer place.
it’s probably one of
(4) the noisiest (noisy) places in the 7 In recent years, immigration has continued
world!
And the people here? Well, they certainly talk and more and more immigrants have
(5) the loudest (loud) of anyone anywhere in been coming from Asia.

4
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 1
LESSONS

8 Broadway’s theatres attract

thousands of visitors every day, and New I (7) Have you ever wanted (you ever want) to go
York’s museums are a big attraction , too. back to Tokyo or Berlin?
J Not really. I (8) have started (start) to feel
9 This year, there have been more that New York is my real home. And it really
visitors to New York than ever, and is now as I (9) have just bought (just buy) my
more and more of them are coming on holiday own apartment. It has a wonderful view over
visit . Central Park, and I (10) have never felt
10 The theatre audience goes in through the (never feel) so happy anywhere else in my life!
beautiful main entrance , but the actors
enter B Complete this part of an interview with
through a small door at the Helen. Use the present perfect or the present
side of the building. perfect continuous. (Use the continuous tense
where both are possible.)
3 VOCABULARY: phrasal verbs with
take
A Add another phrasal verb from the text on I How long (1) have you been (you be) in New
SB page 6.
York now?
away H I (2) have lived (live) here
for nearly two months.
take off I (3) Have you managed (you manage)
out to find your own apartment yet?
over I have been staying
H No, not yet. I (4)
(stay) with an old college friend.
B Use phrasal verbs from A to complete the I What about work? (5) Have you been able
following.
(be able) to get a job yet?
1 The plane took off at 7.00 and climbed H Yes, I (6) have worked (work)
to 10,500 metres. for a publisher ever since I arrived.
2 I went to the bank and took out some C Complete the statements about Helen and
money. Josh. Use the past simple or past perfect. Use
3 When Kak Eissa takes over the company the past perfect where both are possible.
next year, he will make some big changes.
4 It’s dangerous to let little Dara play with that About Helen:
knife. I’m going to take it away
1 Until Helen went (go) to college in
from him. San Francisco, California, she had never tavelled
4 GRAMMAR: past simple and perfect (never travel) very far from home.
2 She chose (choose) to study there
tenses had always wanted
because she (always
want) to experience life in California.
A Complete this part of an interview with Josh. 3 After she had decided (decide) to work in
Use the past simple or the present perfect. also decided
(Interviewer = I, Josh = J). publishing, she (also decide)
to move to New York, the most important
I When (1) did you move (you move) to New centre of the publishing industry in America.
York? About Josh:
J I (2) got (get) here the year before 4 By the time Josh reached (reach)
last. I (3) have been (be) here for exactly the age of 18, he had already lived
two years and two months. (already live) in several different countries, and
I Where (4) have
did you
youlive
lived (you live) he had also been (also be) to seven
before that? different schools. He and his younger sister
J I (5) was (be) in Tokyo, and before had to (have to) do this because his
that I (6) spent (spend) three years father worked for an international company.
in Berlin.
5
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 1
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
T O N E W YO R
K
LESS
Finding out about people
ONS
5&6

1 WRITING SKILLS
A Write the following as a conversation. Add the correct punctuation – capital letters, commas,
apostrophes, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks.
soon after azad arrived in america he called miss reilly hello she said and she asked about his journey it
all went very well thanks to you he replied I arrived last night
good she said and the conference starts tomorrow doesnt it yes
azad answered and im preparing now
but you arent giving your presentation tomorrow are you his teacher said
no azad agreed thats on tuesday but he went on theres lots of information to read
well yes miss reilly replied but you dont want to miss the chance to see new york do you what about
going over to central park later on she suggested
good idea azad agreed

Soon after Azad arrived in America, he called Ms Reilly. ‘Hello’, she said and she
asked about his journey.
‘It all went very well, thanks to you,’ he replied. ‘I arrived last night.’
‘Good,’ she said. ‘And the conference starts tomorrow, doesn’t it?’
‘Yes,’ Azad said, ‘and I’m preparing for it now.’
‘But you aren’t giving your presentation tomorrow, are you?’ his teacher said.
‘No, Azad agreed, ‘that’s on Tuesday. But there’s lot’s of information to read.’
‘Well, yes,’ Ms Reilly replied, ‘but you don’t want to miss the chance to see
New York, do you? What about going to Central Park later on?’ she
suggested. ‘Good idea!’ Azad agreed.

B Look at the first part of the conversation on SB page 5 to check most of your
punctuation. Look at the Reference Section page 105 to check the quotation
marks.

2 WRITING
A Collect information about Azad from different parts of Unit 1 in your Student’s
Book to complete the Conference Members’ Form at the top of the next page.

B You are the conference organizer who will introduce Azad before he gives his
presentation. Use information from the first part of the completed Conference
Members’ Form to write a short paragraph. Start like this.
Hello, everyone, and thank you for coming to this presentation, which is on Kurdistan in
northern Iraq. I’d like you to welcome our speaker, Mr (full name) Azad Qadir . He
Slemani third
is from (place) , and he is a (number) -grade student of (subject)
English at (university/school) American University in Slemani . I am
sure he has a lot to tell us about his part of the world thatBuilding
will be very interesting. And
the new Kurdistan
the title of his presentation today is ‘
’.

6
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 1
LESSONS

CONFERENCE MEMBERS’ FORM

Please note that all conference members MUST complete this form and return it to the Conference Office
(Room 101) by 10 a.m. on Monday.
Name: Family Qadir First Azad
Title: Mr X Ms Other Nationality: Kurdish
University / School: American University in Slemani
Year / Grade: third Main subject(s) English
Presentation title: Building the New Kurdistan
Day of presentation: Tuesday Time: 2 pm.
New York address: Big Apple Hostel, 119 West forty-fifth Street
Telephone / Email: 844 6777

3 UNIT TASK
A Complete your own conference form.
1 Complete the personal details.
2 Make up your own presentation details and add these to the form. (Your presentation must be
related to Kurdistan.)
3 Choose your hostel from the ones in your Student’s Book page 9, Unit Task. Add the address and
phone number to the form.

CONFERENCE MEMBERS’ FORM

Please note that all conference members MUST complete this form and return it to the Conference Office
(Room 101) by 10 a.m. on Monday.
Name: Family First
Title: Mr Ms Other Nationality:
University / School:
Year / Grade: Main subject(s)
Presentation title:
Day of presentation: Time:
New York address:
Telephone / Email:

B Take the part of the conference organizer who will introduce you before you give your
presentation. Use information from the first part of the form above to write a short paragraph.
Start as in 2B (the paragraph about Azad).
Hello, everyone, and thank you for coming to this presentation, which is going to be on Kurdistan in
northern Iraq. I’d like you to welcome our speaker,

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬

 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

Language
Focus
1
UNIT LANGUAGE AND FUNCTIONS REVIEW
A Study the map and write directions for Azad.
The Big Apple Hostel

Post Office

Azad

Azad Excuse me, but could you tell me the way to The Big Apple Hostel, please?
New Yorker Sure. First, go straight down this road and take the second turning on the left. You will see
a post office. Turn right and walk straight. The Big Apple Hostel is on the left.

B You and four friends are thinking of things to do together on Friday. Write everyone’s names
and suggestions. Use different ways of making suggestions.
You

C Compare yourself with some of your friends. Write one comparative and one superlative form
for each of the following.
1 tall
‫نموونهیی مێرگهسووری شههید فاخیر ئامادهیی‬
2 artistic
‫علی محمد دڵشاد كامال‬

3 play
(game) well
‫ ئامادهكردنی‬:‫مامۆستا‬

‫ابراهیم عبدالقادر‬

D Write things that you would like to tell a new friend about yourself.
1 Something special that you did at a young age:
When I ,I
2 Something special that you have just recently done:
Just recently, I
3 Something that you have been learning / trying to do for a long time:
For the last ,I
8
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 LANGU
‫نموونهیی‬ ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری‬
AGE
FOCUS

2 UNIT VOCABULARY REVIEW

Complete the puzzle with 13 of these new words. (Change the form if necessary.) Find and write a
short question for number 14. Find a similar question in the conversation on SB page 5.
arrange crime district fashion found law liberty mile passport
publishing recover security shine suitcase treble visa woods youth
1 6 11 12 13
1 The … of today have many more chances in
life than their parents did. youth 2 5 7 9 10

2 There have been economic problems, but things are 4

improving. The economy will soon …re .cover
3 These … are ancient: some of the trees are 600 8

years old. woods 14 3

4 Tom, you can’t drive your dad’s car on the

road. You’re too young, so it’s against the …
law.
5 If you want to visit China, you have to get a
… in your passport before you go. visa
6 How many … is it from here to the next town? miles
7 I put all my clothes for the trip in this …suitcase
11 The … officer was checking everyone’s bags. security
8 The rain has stopped, and the sun has started to … 12 … in clothing change a lot. For example, soft colours
sh.ine were popular last year, but now everyone is wearing
9 Most people want to have the … to do what they want bright reds and yellows and blues. fashion
when they want. liberty 13 Before you can travel abroad, you’ll have to get a p…as. sport
10 Other areas of the country are very flat, but there are a 14 How was the trip?
lot of hills in this …di.strict

3 TO HELP YOU STUDY

Practise using the Reference Section to find answers to language problems.
A Use the Grade 12 Alphabetical Wordlist to answer the following questions.
1 What does revitalization mean in Kurdish?
2 How is ou pronounced in the following words? Copy the different phonetic spellings of ou.
a) drought /au/ b) shoulder bag /o/ c) trouble
d) various /e/ e) youth /u:/
3 Is the word state shown as a verb, noun or both? both
4 What abbreviation is shown for telecommunications? telecoms
5 What verbs are shown to go before used to? be , get
6 What preposition often follows the connector In addition? to

B Look up Understanding Words to complete the following statements.

1 We put prefixes at the beginning of words, and we put suffixes at the end .
2 The prefix micro~ means very small , and it is used in Grade 12 in the word finance .
3 We use the prefix im to form the opposite of possible, and in for the
opposite of complete.
4 The suffixes we use to turn the verb invent into a) a ‘thing’ noun and b) a ‘person’ noun are
a) ion and b) or . The nouns are a) invention and b) inventor .
5 Add the correct suffixes to the word interest to complete this statement correctly.
If intersted intersting
in wildlife, there’s a documentary on lions at 7.00.
you’re very 9
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫ دڵشاد محمد علی و م‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 2 G E T T I N D E Z I N A G R O‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
G
Don’t you have to
LESS
ONS
1&2 revise?
1 VOCABULARY: ‘time’ documents
A Complete the names of the time documents. Try to complete the spellings correctly from
memory. Then turn to SB page 12 to check your work.
1 Where should I put the new office c al e nde r? // On that wall, please. Then everyone can see it.
2 Zara writes a daily d ia r y of everything she does, but I just use mine to note things I have to do.
3 We’ve only got a week to finish the project, so we need to work out a very clear work s ch ed ule .
4 This year’s school t ime tab l e looks less busy than last year’s, but that’s because we’ve got
several periods of ‘private study’ when we can revise for our exams.

B Write your school timetable in English. Here

is a list of school subject names you already
know. If you have any subjects that are not
included, ask your teacher for help.

Arabic Art Biology Chemistry

Economics English Geography
(General) Science History IT
Kurdish Maths Religious Education
Sociology Sports

Period Time Saturday

1st

10
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 2
LESSONS

2
GRAMMAR: prepositions of time
Add the correct prepositions, along with true information about yourself.
1 I was born at (time) (day and date).
2 I went to my first school, (school name), (year, year).
3 those years, I learned to , and the time I
finished there, I could quite well.
4 I continued at that school I was (age). Then,
(year), I moved to (school name).

3
GRAMMAR: negative questions
Complete appropriate negative questions for these situations. Use the words in brackets.
1 You see two young children who are playing in the street during school hours.
Shouldn’t you be at school? (should be)
2 Your little brother is late for training at the football club, which starts at 5.00.
Don't you have to be at football training by 5.00? (have to be)
3 A girl at school called Chinar has spoken nastily to your good friend Rondik but does not see that she
has done anything bad.
Listen, Chinar! Don't you understand that Rondik is really upset? (understand)
4 You think that Chinar should ‘put things right’ with Rondik.
Can't you go and say sorry to Rondik? (can go)
5 Chinar replies to you. She says ‘sorry’, but she tries to say that she did not mean the things she said to
Rondik. She says:
I’m sorry, but Didn't Rondik realize that I wasn’t serious? (Rondik realize)
6 Your little sister has been playing with your CD player and she has damaged it.
Oh, no! Why can't you leave my CD player alone? (why can leave)
7 You are talking about a friend who has just kicked a football through a neighbour’s window – for the
third time!
I can’t believe it! Why didn't he take his football and play somewhere safe like the
park? (why take)

4
LANGUAGE FOR LIFE
Complete appropriately with two possible expressions for each dialogue. Then practise.
But listen, … If you’re not careful, … If you go on like this, … Sorry, but …

1 A I love burgers! I had five for lunch!

B If you are not careful, / If you go on like this, you’re going to get really fat!
2 A I’m going out now to meet my friends.
B But listen, / Sorry, but you said you were ill
this morning and you couldn’t go to school!
A Ah, yes, but I’m feeling much better now!

11
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 LESS
2 DEZINAGRO GNITTEG
What will you be doing in a year
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

ONS
3&4 from now?
1 VOCABULARY: verb-noun pairs
A Find verbs from the text on SB page 14 to
complete the pairs.
verb noun
1 organize organization
2 develop development
R4 How many people will be jumping?
3 decide decision
waste (how many people (jump))
4
MW Thirty-three waste
of us will all be jumping together.
B Now use grammatical pairs from A to complete
the following. Change the form where necessary. R5 Will you be trying to hold hands as you fall?

decided ((try) to hold hands as you fall)

1 Has Dara which job to
take? // No, he’s still trying to make his MW Yes, we will be trying to form a large ring.
decision . R6 How long will you be staying together like that?
2 It’s a waste of time to sit here doing (how long (stay) together like that)
nothing, and I hate wasting time! MW For as long as possible – until we have to
move away from each other and prepare to
land.
3 A university is a large organization , and to
work efficiently it has to organize its GRAMMAR: too; (not) enough
activities well. 3
4 Kurdistan wants economic development Hank (H) and his Dad
(D) are taking a holiday
, and with its many new projects it is in Paris. Use the words
developing in brackets to write
fast. Dad’s replies. Add too
or not … enough.
2 GRAMMAR: future continuous
Mark Wilde is talking to TV and newspaper 1 At the airport
reporters about his plans for a big team ‘sky H Look! I’ve bought all these guidebooks to read
dive’. Write the reporters’ questions for his on the plane to Paris!
answers. Use the words in brackets. D Oh, no! There are far too many to
R1 When will you be doing your jump? carry! (there (be) far / many (carry))
(when (do) your jump)
H Don’t worry. They’ll be fine.
MW We will be doing it at this time tomorrow –
if the weather is good. D But we don’t have enough time to
read them all. (we (not have) / time
R2 hH o w high will you be going? (read) them all)
(how high (go)) H Well, you can read half of them and I’ll read the
MW We will be going up to a height of 50,000 other half!
feet.
2 The first day in Paris
R3 Where will you be doing your jump?
(where (do) your jump) H Let’s walk round the city all day today.
D Sorry. I am too tired to do that.
MW We will be doing it near Cape Canaveral, (I (be) / tired (do) that)
Florida. H Oh, come on, Dad!
12

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬

‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 2
LESSONS

D No. I don't have enough energy to walk all day. D No, I think that is too much to try and do.
(I (not have) / energy (walk) all day) (that (be) / much (try and do))
H Well, let’s just walk for an hour or two. H I’m sure we can do it if we start now.
3 That evening D No, there is not enough time to do both.
H Why don’t we have lunch at the five-star (there (not be) / time (do) both)
Restaurant Fantastique? H Well, let’s just try!
D No, no, no! We are not rich enough to do that. D Oh, all right then.
(we (not be) rich / (do) that) 5 On the way home
H Yes, but it’s a special day – your birthday! D Thanks for pushing me, Hank. If you hadn’t
been with me, all those things we did together
D But We don't have enough money to eat there. would have been too much for me to do.
(we (not have) / money (eat) there)
((be) / much for me (do))
H Don’t worry about that, Dad. Enjoy yourself! I would not have had enough energy to do them alone.
4 The next day (I (not have) / energy (do) them alone)
H What about going on the river and then up the
Eiffel Tower this afternoon?

4 VOCABULARY: networks
Use the following words to create a network about Kurdistan.
First, create these three sections: culture economy geography.
Then add these words: climate construction development farming festivals food language
location mountains music oil population rivers trade & transport traditional design

festivals food

design music
culture
traditional
construction
KURDISTAN
climate
development
Geography
economy
location
farming trade and transport
mountains
oil rivers
population

5
Use the network to plan an essay.
Imagine that you have to write an essay about one of these three ‘faces’ of Kurdistan. Choose one,
and then choose three of the five topics that you have listed. Next, mention particular points that
you would make. Start your plan like this and then continue.
I would like to write about the geography of Kurdistan. First, I would write a paragraph about
its location , and I would say something about its neighbours – the rest of Iraq, Iran,
Turkey and Syria .
Next, I would write a paragraph about , and I would say
something about .
Then, I would write a paragraph about
.

13
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 2
LESS
DEZINAGRO GNITTEG
Organizing a meeting; organizing
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

ONS
5&6 ourselves
1
WRITING SKILLS Track 8

Azad’s first suggestion: Meet on Wednesday afternoonat 3 o'clock

A Listen
Stella’sand complete
problem: Extrathe notes. lecture at 4 o'clock
university
Stella’s suggestion instead: Meet on Wednesday morning
Azad’s problem: Has to speak for Iraq at 11:30 a.m.
Stella’s suggestion after that: Meet on Thursday afternoon at 3 o'clock
Where they plan to go: Statue of Liberty and Empire State Building

B Turn the notes into Azad’s email report to Kate Reilly. (He wrote it just after the conversation.)
First, I suggested meeting on Wednesday afternoon at 3.00, but Stella had a problem with
go to an extra university lecture at 4 o’clock on Wednesday afternoon. Then Kate
that because she has to
suggested that we meet on Wednesday morning instead. I had a problem because I had to speak for Iraq at
11.30, so after that Stella suggested that we meet at 3 o’clock on Thursday afternoon. I agreed with this time and
we agreed to go to the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building.

2
LANGUAGE FOR LIFE
First, order the useful telephone expressions. Then complete the dialogue with them, adding
capital letters and punctuation. Check your work in SB page 17 Activity C.

you / for / phone please / it / what / is / name help / how / you / I / may
moment / you / for / could / hold / a him / you / me / through / put / to / could

Receptionist Big Apple Hostel. How may I help you?

Stella Oh, hi. I’d like to speak to a guest, please. His name is Azad Qadir.
Could you put me through to him?

14
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 2
LESSONS

Receptionist I’m afraid we don’t have phones in the guests’ rooms. But wait, I know the person you
mean, and I can see him now in the entrance hall.
Stella Oh, great!
Could you hold for a moment?
Receptionist
Stella Of course.
Receptionist I’ll call him over to the phone … Er, What name is it?
Stella Stella Farrant.
Receptionist Mr Qadir! Mr Qadir! Phone for you?
3
WRITING
A Take the part of Dr Dale and write a short report
about Layla. Use material from SB page 13 and
page 17 to write a paragraph. Start like this.
Steve is right to tell Layla that she is too anxious.
If she goes on like this, she may burn out
before the big exams next summer. ,
just as Steve says. She therefore needs to do one or
two things differently. For example, I really think that
she . I also think

B Continue with a paragraph about Steve. Start like this.

However, Layla is correct to tell Steve that he is a bit too relaxed. .
If he is not careful, he will do badly in his test again exactly as Layla says. As a result,
he needs to . For
example,

4
UNIT TASK
Write a paragraph about yourself and Dr Dale’s ideas. Start like this.

I was very interested to read Dr Dale’s ideas about getting organized. She offers a number of tips that
are very useful, including things that I have not thought about before.
On the positive side, I feel that I already do some of these things .
For example, I .
I also
.
However, it is also true that I

15
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

Language
1Focus
UNIT LANGUAGE AND 1 UNIT VOCABULARY REVIEW
FUNCTIONS REVIEW A Use the letters in brackets to produce the
Complete Dr Dale’s page in Student Today words for the definitions.
Magazine. Fill the gaps with language that you
have met in Unit 2. Use the words in the box. 1 complete : (v) to finish, e.g. a piece
of work (meltcope)
2 priority : (n) an important thing that
during enough time to for too long must be done before other things (yoritrip)
from isn’t there need 3 period : (n) an amount of time, e.g.
should to too much time the length of a school lesson (rediop)
why not will be getting will be having 4 recycle : (v) to use materials
YOUR QUESTIONS again, often to make something different
ANSWERED (yelcrec)
5 trouble : (n) problems, worries or
Useful advice for things that are difficult (tourleb)
students 6 achieve : (v) succeed in
By Dr Sally Dale doing something difficult (acehive)
7 schedule : (n) a plan of activities or
Q Dear Dr Sally,
events and when they will happen (heedlucs)
8 physics : (n) the scientific study of
I have just been accepted to study engineering at heat, light and other forms of energy and how
my first-choice college. Of course, I am very pleased they move or change objects (scyphis)
about that, and I keep telling myself that this time 9 leaflet : (n) a printed piece of paper
that is free and that gives information about
next year I (1) will be having a great something (felteal)
time. However, that means studying (2) from 10 semester : (n) one of the two periods
the age of five (3) to of about 18 weeks that the school year
the age of 24 without a consists of in some countries (stemseer)
break! I feel I’ve been spending 11 seminar : (n) a meeting or a class
where a small group of people discuss a
(4) too much time with books subject (minesar)
(5) for too long . And I don’t
12 sociology : (n) the study of social
think I’ve had (6) enough time to matters, the way that human beings organize
develop as a person. So I keep wanting to do themselves as a group and the way they act
something else for a while. (7) Isn't there towards each other (yooliscog)
something I can do about this?
Ann Rees (18) B Check your work in A. Find the words you
produced in this list of important new
words.
A Dear Ann,
achieve anxious biology burn out
Yes, there is something: you (8) should bus stop chemistry complete document
consider taking a ‘gap’ year – a year away from leaflet lecture outline period physics
education before you continue. Of course, you will priority recycle relaxed research
(9) need to ask your college to hold receptionist revision schedule semester
your place for a year, but they will probably be very seminar sociology trouble
happy to agree. Then, (10) during that
year, you can do a practical job and get experience
in the real world of work. For example, you could
16
join an organization that helps build things like
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫ دڵشاد محمد علی و م‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
bridges and schools in places such as Africa and
S.E. Asia. If you do that, you (11) will be
getting valuable engineering experience as well as
a break from studying. (12) Why not
contact your college about this today?!
 LANGU
‫نموونهیی‬ ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری‬
AGE
FOCUS

3 TO HELP YOU STUDY D You already know all the nouns and
adjectives in this table. Add the missing ones
A You already know the words in these tables. and then the adverbs.
To complete the tables, add endings to form
new words that you have met in Grade 12, noun adjective adverb
Units 1 and 2.
1 beauty beautiful beautifully
verb noun different
2 difference differently
1 plan plan
3 environment environmental environmentally
2 practise practice
4 fashion fashionable fasshionably
3 protect protection
5 person personal personally
4 publish publishing
6 safety safe safely
5 revise revision
E Use sets of words from D to complete the
noun noun following. Change the form where necessary.
1 bank banking 1 A I heard about the fire. Are you and little
2 chemist chemistry Nian safe ?
3 immigrant immigration safely
B Yes, we all got out , Mum.
4 presenter presentation But we’ve lost everything.
5 wood woods safety
C That’s not important. Your
is the only really important thing.
B Check your work in the Grade 12 2 A Here are Dlovan Gharib’s personal
Alphabetical Wordlist. details.
C Use pairs of words from A to complete the B Thanks, but tell me, what sort of
following. Change the form where necessary. person is he?
1 The US population was just a few million in A Speaking personally , I think he’s the
1800, but immigration rose rapidly during right man for the job, but you should decide
for yourself when you interview him.
the following century and immigrants 3 A Have you noticed any differences now
started coming from many other parts of the that Layla has been away at university for a
world.
year?
2 How often do you practise your B Oh, yes! She thinks and talks very
singing? // I go to singing practice differently now. She’s really a
three times a week.
different person!
woods
3 We used to go into the
to find trees that had fallen and bring back
wood for our fire.
publisher
4 My uncle works for a , and my
cousin hopes to get a job in publishing
, too.
5 Why have you written TRAVEL on your
plan for next summer? / Because
I’m planning to travel round the world
then!
revision
6 I’m going to do some for
our history test tonight, and then I’m going to
revise for our biology test tomorrow
night.

17
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 3
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
S AV I N GT H E PA S T F O R T H E F U T U R E
People may have lived LESSO
NS
here. 1&2

1 VOCABULARY Dimensions
A Complete the tables with words
from the box. adjective high wide long deep
noun height width length depth
area circular deep distance
height length measure Shapes
rectangular square triangle
volume weight wide noun square rectangle triangle circle
adjective square rectangular triangular circular

Other ways of measuring e.g. metres (m) e.g. feet

verb measure weigh distance
kilometres (km) miles
noun measurement weight e.g. square e.g. square feet
area
B In Grade 9, you learned a little metres (m2) (sq ft)
about Alexandria’s Pharos e.g. cubic metres e.g. cubic feet
lighthouse. Here is more. Use words volume
from the tables to complete the text. (m3) (cu ft)
For 1,500 years, Pharos, the world’s first lighthouse, stood on a small
island at the entrance to the important Egyptian port of Alexandria.
With its great (1) height of about 130 metres above sea 8m
level, it became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
(along with the Pyramid of Khufu near Cairo).
Ships could see the light of Pharos from a (2) distance of

30
m
30 miles or more. By day, it came from a mirror that shone the light
of the sun across the sea. By night, it came from a huge fire.
130
m

The base of Pharos covered most of the island and probably had
an (3) area of roughly 10,000 m2. Rising from this, the
main structure of the lighthouse consisted of three di fferent parts.
The first was (4) square in shape. It seems that each side
60 m

was about 35m (5) long and was approximately 60m

100 m
(6) high . On top of this, the second part had eight sides, and it probably had a
(7) height of roughly 30m. The top part was (8) circular in shape and above that
probably stood a statue of *Poseidon.
Pharos guided ships to safety for many years, but earthquakes gradually destroyed it. Since 1994,
over 2,000 ancient stones, columns and statues have been discovered on the seabed at a
(9) depth of about seven metres, and it is believed that many of them were once part of
length
Pharos. One huge column has a (10) of nearly 29.7m.
There is also a line of over 20 huge blocks of stone, some over 11m long , with a
(11)
(12) volume of around
3
35m and a (13) weight 29.7 m 2m
11.3 m
of as much as 75 tonnes.
*Poseidon: the Greek god of water and the 1.5 m
sea, also the bringer of earthquakes

18
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 3
LESSONS

2 GRAMMAR: Active and passive; by + agent

Put the following into the passive. Use by + agent only when it is important to do so.
Alexandria and Pharos
Alexander the Great founded Alexandria over 2,300 years ago, and his people built this great new port
on the coast near the mouth of the River Nile. Under the new king, Ptolemy I, they designed many fine
buildings for this new capital of Egypt. Then they began the construction of the most famous of them all
– the Pharos lighthouse. Ptolemy I’s son, Ptolemy II, finished the project 12 years later. From that time,
its light guided visitors safely into the port, day and night. Although earthquakes destroyed it long ago,
and no one has seen it for 700 years, people still remember it as one of the Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World.

Alexandria and Pharos

Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great over 2,300 years ago and this great new port was built on the
coast near the mouth of the Rive Nile. Under the new king, Ptolemy 1, many fine buildings for the new capital
of Egypt were designed. Then the construction of the most famous building of them all was begun – the Pharos
lighthouse. The project was finished by Ptolemy I’s son, Ptolemy II, twelve years later. From that time visitors
were guided by its safely into the port, day or night. Although it was destroyed by earthquakes long ago, and it
has not been seen for 700 years, it is still remembered as one the Seven Wonders of the World.

3 GRAMMAR: expressing certainty and possibility – past and present

Use the verb in brackets and suitable forms from the table to complete the following.
certain possible
present *must/can’t be (doing) may/might/could be (doing)
past must have (done) may/might/could have (done)
can’t/couldn’t have (done)
*Before you start, read about must and can’t for certainty in Language Focus Lesson 2 on SB page 26.
Pharos, past and present
No one knows for sure the height of Pharos, but it (1) must have been (be: certain) about 130
metres. And as one of the tallest structures in the world at that time, it (2) must have amazed
(amaze: certain) everyone who saw it. Sadly, a long series of earthquakes between 320 and 1303
gradually destroyed it. It seems that an earthquake in 796 (3) might have damaged
(damage: possible) the top part quite badly. However, it (4) can’t have collapsed (not
collapse: certain) because the famous writer Idrisi tells us that it was still working when he visited in
1115. However, there
(5) could have been (be: possible) some major problems because Salah al-Din, the great Kurdish
leader of the Muslim World and ruler of Egypt, began repair work in 1272. Sadly, soon afterwards, a
huge earthquake in 1303 sent almost the whole structure to the bottom of the sea.
Since 1994, around 2,250 large pieces of stone have been found on the seabed, and many of these
(6) must be (be: certain) the remains of Pharos. The experts say that there
(7) must also be (also be: possible) about 500 more blocks, statues and columns down there
which still have to be found. The hope is that with much careful study, all these pieces will tell us more
clearly what the whole structure (8) may have looked (look: certain) like when the Ptolemies were
the rulers of Egypt.
19
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 3 O
T FG T
N SI AV
PA SE H R T H E
‫ی‬ ‫نهی‬ ‫وو‬ ‫نم‬ ‫وری‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ه‬
F U T U R E
‫رگ‬ ‫مێ‬ ‫خیر‬ ‫ئامادهیی شههید فا‬

LESS
ONS Plans are now being carried out.
3&4

1 VOCABULARY
A Use word formation patterns to recognize noun thing noun person adjective
new word forms (in italics) that are
grammatically related to words you know. 1 archaeology archaeologist archaeological
Add these grammatical forms to the table
heading: adjective, noun (person), noun 2 biology biologist biological
(thing). 3 technology technologist technological
B Look at the first four lines of the tables below. Then complete line 1 of each table with words from the
text on SB page 22.
verb noun verb noun
1 invent invention 1 civilize civilization
2 attract attraction 2 invite invitation
3 construct construction 3 organize organization
4 pollute pollution 4 present presentation
5 collect collection 5 conserve conservation
6 connect connection 6 explore exploration
7 locate location 7 prepare preparation

C You can even use these patterns to work out worked – and even sometimes died – to make
the probable forms of words you have never
met. Complete lines 5–7 of each table in B. its construction possible.
(But note: be careful when you do this.
English often breaks its own patterns, so
always check your ideas in a dictionary. ) 2 GRAMMAR: the passive – mixed tenses
An old Erbil Citadel building is being repaired and
D Use words from A–C to complete the made ready for its new use as a craft workshop
following. with a craft shop and café. A city planning officer
1 Haval always loved looking at plants is visiting the site today, 8th November, and she is
and animals when he was small. Now, asking about the work programme.
biology is his best subject at school,
and he wants to study at university to become a
biologist .
2 The ancient city was located at the
southern end of the lake, and you can easily
see its exact location from the large
mound that still stands there.
3 Have preparations for the project started
yet? // Yes, we’re preparing to start work
next month.
4 The Great Pyramid of Khufu took over 20 years
to construct , and thousands of men

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬

20
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 3
LESSONS

Study the work schedule and answer her questions. Use the
present continuous passive, the passive with going to and other Job Work schedule
tenses necessary to give information about dates. Schedule
Build
Repairworkshop
roof. area. (Oct–Dec) Completed?
1 Q Have the electrics been changed yet? Deliver new doors. 1–19/10
15–27/10 ✓
Change electrics. 24/10 ✓
A No, they haven’t, but they’re being changed now. Paint all walls. 29/10–9/11 ✓
They’re going to be finished tomorrow. Construct workshop 5/11–16/11
shelves & tables. 8/11–16/11
2 Q When is the workshop area going to be built? Plant café garden.
Set up workshop & 19/11–30/11
A It’s already been built. It was finished on 27th October. café equipment. 21/11–30/11
3 Q Is the café garden being planted now? Wash & clean whole 3–6/12
building.
A No, it isn’t, but it’s going to be planted
soon. It’s going to be finished on 30th
November.
4 Q When is the roof going to be repaired?
A It’s already been repaired. It was repaired on 19th October.
5 Q Is the workshop and café equipment being set up now?
A No, it isn’t but it’s going to be set up soon. It’s going to be finished by 30th November.
6 Q Have the workshop shelves and tables been constructed yet?
A No, they haven’t, but they are being constructed now and going to be finished on 16th November.
7 Q When are the new doors going to be delivered?
A The new doors have already been delivered. They were delivered on 24th October.
8 Q Have all the walls been painted yet?
A No, they haven’t. They are being painted at the moment and they are going to be completed on 16th November.
9 Q Is the whole building being washed and cleaned now?
No, it isn’t. It’s going to be washed and cleaned between 3rd December and 6th December.
A

3 GRAMMAR: It is said / thought / believed that …

A Change the start to It is … and order the other words below to write statements about the
pictures of British history and old stories.

say a lake in northern Scotland. / lives in Loch Ness, / an ancient monster was
People
think that buried / in central England. / deep in this mound / an ancient king
believe be able to walk / from Britain to Germany / on dry land / all the way / people used to
1 2 3

It is thought that an ancient 2 It is believed that people used 2 It is said that an ancient monster
king was buried deep in this to be able to walk from Britain lives in Loch Ness, a lake in northern
mound in central England. to Germany on dry land. Scotland.

B Write a similar statement about Kurdish history or an old Kurdish story.

21

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬

 3 O
T FG T
N SI AV
PA SE H R T H E
‫ی‬ ‫نهی‬ ‫وو‬ ‫نم‬ ‫وری‬ ‫سو‬
F U T U R E
‫ه‬ ‫رگ‬ ‫مێ‬ ‫خیر‬ ‫ئامادهیی شههید فا‬

LESS
ONS Making a presentation
5&6

1 WRITING
A Complete the exhibit notes. Choose words from the following.
China
made across Egypt :‫ئامادهكردنی مامۆستا‬
produced along India
sold all Persia ‫دڵشاد محمد علی‬
taken along The Silk
traded from Road Central ‫عبدالقادر ابراهیم كامال‬
used in Asia the East ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
to the West

Items for the Silk Road Exhibition

Exhibit 137
Precious stones: Produced in
India

Stones like these were often traded in Exhibit 138

China and in the west piece of silver jewelery
produced in: Persia (Iran)
taken and traded in:
China and in the West

Exhibit 139 Exhibit 140

A perfume bottle a gold coin
made in Egypt produced in China
sold in China used all along the Silk Road

B Note extra information about the coin. (If necessary, listen to CD Track 11 Part 3 again.)
Coin produced during time of Kublai Khan, Mongol Chinese Emperor
from 1279 - 1294
Shows that the treasure could not have been buried before about 1280

22
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 3
LESSONS

2 WRITING
A Describe the movement of technologies and religions between the East and the West.
Work from memory. Write E-W (from east to west) or W-E (from west to east).
How inventions, crafts and religions travelled
Inventions and crafts: Religions:
1 fireworks E-W 6 Islam W-E
W-E W-E
2 glass-making 7 Christianity
3 paper-making E-W W-E
8 Buddhism
W-E
4 rug-making
E-W
5 printing

B Write a summary statement. List things that moved from east to west and from west to east.
Things that moved from east to west included fireworks,
paper-making, , and printing. Things that have moved from west to east included rug-making, glass-making
and religions like Islam, Christianity and Buddhism.

3 UNIT TASK
In Lesson 3 you spoke about old buildings or ancient sites that need to be investigated and/or protected.
There are thousands of places like these in Iraqi Kurdistan. Most have not been investigated, and many
are believed to be very ancient.
Write a short, formal presentation to UNESCO about one of them. Do the following:
t Complete the statement about the report.
t Introduce the place this report is about and where it is. Explain why it is special.
t Give a description of the place as it now appears.
t Say what may be discovered if it is investigated and what may happen if it is not protected.
Start like this:
Report on and the need to
The aim of this short report is to present a description of ,
to explain why it is special, to describe the place as it now is, and to show the need for its urgent
investigation and protection.
This place is

As it now appears,

Here in Kurdistan, we believe that

urgently needs to be investigated and protected. If

23

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬

 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

Language
Focus
1 GRAMMAR AND FUNCTIONS
A Complete the following paragraphs from a newspaper report. Put the verbs in brackets into
suitable forms of the passive.

ANCIENT JEWELLERY FOUND ON SEABED

During the last three months, hundreds of ancient pieces of gold and silver jewellery
(1) have been found (find) on the seabed just a kilometre from the south-east coast of England.
Nothing remains of the boat that was carrying them, but (2) it is thought (it / think) that it was
on its way to what is now Germany.
The search is continuing, and it (3) is being carried out (carry out) by a group of friends who are
professional divers, not archaeologists. However, their finds (4) are being sent (send) straight to a
team of archaeologists in London, and they are creating great interest
there. The London team’s leader, Dr Alan Rose says, ‘These objects are
nearly 2,500 years old, and they (5) were made (make) by people
who were real artists in metal. And another very important thing: before
this, (6) it is thought (it / think) that sea trade did not
develop until much later. These finds mean that the history of sea trade
in northern Europe must now (7) be written (write) again.’
A full report (8) will be published (publish) as soon as possible. A
TV documentary (9) is also being made (also make) during the next
month. (10) it is hoped (it / hope) that this will be ready to
broadcast before the end of the year.

B Complete the following paragraphs with modal verbs to express certainty and possibility.

No one knows for sure, but the ancient boat that was carrying the jewellery (1) may / might /
could have been (be: possible) up to ten metres long. And archaeologists now believe that
boats like this (2) might have sailed (sail: possible) regularly and quite safely across the open sea.
So what happened to this boat? Dr Rose feels that there (3) must have been (be: certain)
a very sudden storm and, as a result, the boat (4) can’t have had (not have: certain) time
to escape to safety before it was destroyed by the wind and waves.
And did the sailors and merchants on the boat escape? Dr Rose thinks that one or two of them
(5) could have swum (swim: possible) to the coast but, sadly, he believes that in a storm as
bad as this most (6) could not have survived (not survive: certain).

2 VOCABULARY
A Find and circle 20 of these new words in the box on page 25.

bury circular coin college craft delicious dimension dramatic glad

government heart invention measure provide religion shape square
urgent volume
structure technique treasure triangular

24
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 LANGU
‫نموونهیی‬ ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری‬
AGE
FOCUS

j g l a d e t r i a n g u l a r z v s l

‫نموونهیی مێرگهسووری شههید فاخیر ئامادهیی‬

n p m b e s m t e j f c d n g a l g t b

‫علی محمد دڵشاد كامال‬

u h s f e r e l i g i o n a e c s o q t
r j q k h f r v u m o v y i t i w v t r

‫ ئامادهكردنی‬:‫مامۆستا‬

‫ابراهیم عبدالقادر‬
g a u i e g t e c h n i q u e r t e i e
e n a l a d n i b t l u h o o c j r u a
n o r b r r d r a m a t i c h u p n x s
t c e m t y i x u r j g m p a l o m g u
q o a e w d i m e n s i o n j a y e u r
l l t a v s e y w f s t o b u r g n g e
h l f s r h l b u r y l h p t r e t f k
c e k u t a i s y n i d e l i c i o u s
x g f r l p h c o i n i l c a y e d s a
j e w e k e c r a f t e p r o v i d e v

B Now use words from the box to complete the following. Change the form where necessary.
1 Thank you for a wonderful meal. It was delicious !
2 The ancient city covers an area of 2.5 square kilometres.
3 Islam, Christianity and Buddhism are all religions that were spread by the Silk Road.
4 I suddenly saw a bright light in the night sky, and it was triangular in shape .
5 We do not yet know what secrets are buried deep in the ground.

3 TO HELP YOU STUDY

Some languages are spelt phonetically: they are spelt the way they sound. However, English spelling is
more complicated, and this means it is very important to use your dictionary and the phonetic alphabet.
There are basic pronunciation and spelling rules, but sounds are often spelt in other ways, too. For
example, you have studied the sounds of s in Unit 3 – /s/ and /z/ as in studios – but there are also words
with different pronunciations of s or ss, e.g. sure /J:::(r)/ and unusual /An1ju:3ugl/.
A Copy the phonetic spellings of these words from the Grade 12 Alphabetical Wordlist.
Then practise pronouncing them.
commission / / dimension / /
measurement / / treasure / /
You know the usual pronunciations of c – /s/ and /k/ as in circular – but there are also words with
different pronunciations of c, e.g. ancient /1E NJ(G)NT/ and precious /1preJgs/.
B Copy the phonetic spellings of these words from the Grade 12 Alphabetical Wordlist.
Then practise pronouncing them.
r frJ(e)nt
delicious / dr lrJes / efficient / specialize / speJelarz /
/
You know the usual pronunciation of ch – /tJ/ as in merchant – but there are also words with different
pronunciations of ch, e.g. machine /mg1Ji:n/ and school /sku:l/.
C Copy the phonetic spellings of these words from the Grade 12 Alphabetical Wordlist.
Then practise pronouncing them.
archaeologist / ,ai(r)kiioled3rst / architecture / iai(r)kr,tektJe(r) / technique / tekiniik /
25
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 4
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
REVISI
ON
LESS
It couldn’t have gone
ONS
1&2 better!
1 VOCABULARY: prepositions noun adjective
Choose prepositions from the boxes to complete
the story of Azad’s visit to New York. 1 youth young
2 education educational
at for from in on to to 3 centre central
4 business busy
Azad flew (1) to
New York (2) for the 5 day daily
Youth Conference (3) in
B Complete the pairs with an ~ing and an ~ed
Manhattan, which continued adjective from the text on SB page 28. Then
add three more ~ing/~ed pairs that you
all week (4) from Monday already know.
(5) to Friday. His
presentation was (6) at adjective adjective
1 interesting intersted
2.00 p.m. (7) on Tuesday.
2 amazing amazed
3 boring bored
4 frightening frightened
for in of about past 5 worrying worried
until up with
C Use grammatical pairs from A–B to
in complete the following. Change the form
The following day, he also took part (9) where necessary.
a discussion (10) about Middle East resources,
and he spoke (11) for Iraq. Because he was 1 The New York Times is a daily
very busy, he had to wait (12) until Thursday newspaper, and you will find it in the shops
to go out (13) with Stella to do every day , early in the morning.
some sight-seeing. They sailed (14) past the 2 International leaders are meeting to
Statue (15) of Liberty, and they also went
(16) up the Empire State Building and saw
the city lights.

2 VOCABULARY: grammatical pairs

A Find verbs, nouns and adjectives from the
text on SB page 28 to complete the pairs.
noun (thing) noun (person)
1 activity actor
2 presentation presenter
3 organization organizer
4 tour tourist
5 office officer
discuss,
verb noun the problems of climate
change. However, they do not agree about very
1 speak speech
much, and their discussions are going to
2 develop development take a long time.
3 discuss discussion 3 If you are a tourist in New
York, there are lots of different sight-
4 preapre preparation seeing
tours that you can join to see the
5 see sight
city.
4 Are you interested in this programme?
// No, it isn’t very 26 interesting
ff the TV./‫ دڵشاد محمد علی و م‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ابراهيم كامال‬o‫عبدالقادر‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪LESSONS‬‬
‫‪. Let’s turn‬‬
 4
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
REVISI
ON
VOCABULARY: words in context 1 Why not forget about work this
3
Choose the right word to complete each evening?
statement. Change the form where necessary. 2 Let's go out to see a film instead.
1 When Tara heard the noise outside, she 3 What about seeing the new George
Clooney film?
stopped speaking and turned 4 I suggest that we meet at the cinema at 7.00.
around. (end / stop)
2 Tara ended her talk by saying, 5 GRAMMAR: comparative
‘That’s all I have to say. Thanks for
listening.’ (end / stop) and superlative forms
3 The new leader of the government gave a After the conference, Azad hopes to visit a cousin
great speech that made the whole in Cleveland, Ohio.
country feel he was the right man for the job. Compare different forms of transport for him:
(lecture / speech) a) the time they take, and b) how expensive
4 I always write out my lecture they are.
notes as soon as possible to make sure I’ve
understood all the important information. Form of Journey time Cost
(lecture / speech) transport
5 I was nervous about the exam, but bus 5 hours 30 minutes $45
I thought I would probably do well enough.
(frightened / nervous) train 3 hours 15 minutes $78
6 When the lion ran straight towards me, I was plane 1 hour 10 minutes $99
suddenly really frightened !
(frightened / nervous)
1 (the plane – the other two) The plane takes
7 Astronauts on the International Space Station the least time , but it’s more expensive than
the other two.
2 (the train – the plane) The train takes more time
have wonderful view of the than the plane, but it’s less expensive (than the plane).
Earth. (sight / view)
8 We don’t have time to visit many of the 3 (the bus – of the three) The bus takes the most
tourist sights of Washington, but time, but it’s the least expensive of the three.
we’ll certainly make sure we see the White
House. (sight / view)
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 4
tall LESSONS
9 Karwan is over two metres 6 GRAMMAR: past simple and present
now, and he’s getting really good at perfect
basketball!
(high / tall)
10 He’s got the highest number of Describe a) something you finished recently
and b) something you have started but not
points of anyone in the team so far this year. finished yet. Write about 1) starting and 2) how
(high / tall) long you were/have been doing it.
11 We discussed our plans for a long time, and
in the end we decided to travel west. a I started reading this book ten days ago, and I was
(at the end / in the end) reading it every night for a week. I finished reading
12 At the end of the day of the day, we stopped by it three days ago.
a stream, cooked dinner and went to sleep.
(at the end / in the end)
I’ve started doing my school project, and I’ve been
b doing
4 FUNCTIONS: making suggestions it for three days. I haven’t finished it yet.
Complete the suggestions with these forms.

I suggest … Let’s …
What about … Why not …
27
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 4
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
REVISI
ON
LESS
Language
ONS
3&4

1 GRAMMAR: negative questions Next week, / (fly) back / Kurdistan, / (see)

Azad has arrived at his cousin’s home in Ohio. my family / all my friends again, including
Turn the thoughts into negative questions. you
1 A week ago, I was sitting in my hostel
room, and I was worrying about my presentation.
I expect he was amazed by the speed of
New York life. 2 During the past few days, I have been having a
I’m sure he’s happy he can relax with us now. wonderful time, and I have been meeting people
from
all over the world.

3 Right now, I’m staying with my cousin and his

family, and I’m relaxing before dinner with them.

4 Next week, I’ll be flying back to Kurdistan, and I’ll be

seeing my family and all my friends again, including
you.

3 FUNCTIONS: giving advice

He probably feels tired after his long Choose sentence parts to give appropriate
journey. I imagine he’d like something advice.
to eat now. Then you really must go to the bank and get
some more.
1 Weren’t you amazed by the Then you’d better go and see the doctor.
speed of New York life?
2 Aren’t you happy you can Then you ought to go back to the shop and
relax
with us now? change it.
3 Don’t you feel tired after your long Then you should go to the supermarket
journey from New York? and get some things.
4 4 Wouldn’t you like 1 A This new CD is damaged. Look at it!
something to eat now? B Then you should go back to to the shop and
change it.
2 GRAMMAR: continuous tenses
2 A Oh, no! I haven’t got any more money.
Azad is sending Miss Reilly a short email.
Turn his thoughts into statements. Use the B Then ought to go to the bank and get some more.
correct verb tenses.
3 A There’s no food in the house, and my friend
is coming for dinner!
a week ago, / (sit) / my hostel room, / B Then you'd better go to the supermarket and get
(worry) / my presentation some things.
During the past few days, / (have) /
wonderful time, / (meet) people / all 4 A I haven’t been feeling well for a while.
over / world
Right now, / (stay) / my cousin / his family, / B Then you really must go and see the doctor.
(relax) before dinner with / them

28
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 4
LESSONS

Job
When
4 GRAMMAR: forms of the passive 1 Produce a short, final news report.
last Friday night
It is the Monday after the end of the 2 Note conference successes & failures.
already done
conference. Although this has finished, 3 Consider ways of doing better next
now
the work of the organizers has not. time. possible locations for next time.
4 Discuss
tomorrow
Use their work schedule to make 5 Publish the full NY conference report. may do this month
statements. Use suitable forms of the 6 Choose a city for the next conference.
have to do in Nov
passive, including modals. 7 Prepare invitations for the conference.
must do by 31/12
1 A short, final news report was produced last Friday.
2 Conference successes and failures have already been noted.
3 Ways of doing better next time are being considered now. / are now being considered.
4 Possible locations for next time will be discussed. / are going to be discussed tomorrow.
5 The full NY conference report may be published this month.
6 A city for the next conference will have to be chosen in November.
7 Invitations for the conference must be prepared by 31/12.

‫نموونهیی مێرگهسووری شههید فاخیر ئامادهیی‬

5 GRAMMAR: certainty and possibility

‫علی محمد دڵشاد كامال‬

A Answer these questions about the following situation.

‫ ئامادهكردنی‬:‫مامۆستا‬

‫ابراهیم عبدالقادر‬
You have arrived at school, and you are surprised to find that your friend is not there.
1 Where do you think your friend must be?
I think he / she must be at home.

2 Why do you think he/she might be away from school today?

He / She might be away because he / she is ill.

3 What do you think he/she could be doing?

He / She could be watching TV at home.

B Answer these questions about the following situation:

For the last hour, you have been waiting at the bus station for a friend. Two buses have arrived from your
friend’s town, but he/she was not on either of them. You do not have your mobile with you, so you cannot
phone him/her to find out what has happened.
1 What must your friend have failed to do?
I think he /she must have failed to check the bus times.

2 How may that have happened?

He / She might have forgotten.

3 Why could he/she not have contacted you?

He / She could have left his / her mobile at home.

6 GRAMMAR: cause and effect

Complete the following to make two true statements. Start the second part of each with because
or so.
1 I am good at working with words, (first part)
so when I leave school, I want to become a journalist.
(second part)
2 When my friend leaves school, he/she wants to become an artist (first part)
because
he/she is good at art. (second part)
29
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

5
LESSONS
1&2
When that FEEDING
NINE BILLION
happens, the rain will stop.

1 VOCABULARY: geographical terms lake sea river stream

Label the picture with these groups of words.
farmland grassland wetland woodland

farmland woodland
sea
stream
grassland
lake
wetland
river

2 VOCABULARY: percentages and fractions

Match the fractions in the box to the percentages below.
1 1 1 1 1 1
/5 – a fifth /8 – an eighth /4 – a quarter /10 – a tenth /3 – a third /20 – a twentieth
1 3 2 2
/2 – half /4 – three quarters /5 – two fifths /3 – two thirds
1 50% 1/2 – half 6 20% 1/5 – a fifth
2 33.3% (approx) 1/3 – a third 7 40% 2/5 – two fifths
3 66.7% 2/3 – two thirds 8 1/8 – an eighth
(approx) 1/10 – a tenth
1/4 – a quarter 1/20 – a twentieth
4 25% 12.5%
3/4 – three quarters
5 75% 9 10%
10 5%

3 GRAMMAR: ways of comparing quantities

Complete these statements about charts a–e on SB p32. Use the ways of comparing shown in
brackets – (%) e.g. 15%, (a/b) e.g. ½, or () e.g. five times, twice.
Chart a Chart c
1 The 1950 population was less than 25% of 7 The area of sea is three times the area
the high 2050 projection. (%) of land. ()
2 The low 2050 projection is just over 2/3 of the 8 The sea covers of the surface of the
high 2050 projection. (a/b) 75%
Earth. (%)
3 The low 2050 projection is roughly 9 Land covers 1/4 of the Earth’s
three times the 1950 population. () only surface.
(a/b)
Chart b
Chart d
4 The medium projection for 2300 is roughly 10 Exactly 1/2 of the world’s land is
1/
of the high projection for that year.
4 productive. (a/b)
(a/b)
5 The medium projection for 2300 is about 11 A little over 1/3 of the global land
fifteen times the low projection for surface consists of high mountains and
that date. () land covered with ice. (a/b)
6 The high projection for 2300 is approximately 12 Just over 1/8 of the Earth’s land area
is desert. (a/b)
400% of the medium projection for that point. (%)
30
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ LESSONS 5 2&1

Chart e B Use pairs of words from A to complete the

13 Grassland covers exactly twice following.
the area of farmland. () 1 Tony is a very active person with lots of
14 Forests and woodland cover more than energy, whereas Theo is quite passive : he’s
twenty / twenty one times the land that urban happy to sit in front of the TV all day!
areas cover. () 2 A lot of animals disappear in the coldest
months and then appear again when
15 Farmland takes approximately nine times spring comes.
the amount of land that urban areas take. () 3 I come from a small village in a rural area,
so life in an urban environment like New
York was very strange at first.
4 VOCABULARY: word pairs 4 We needfresh waterto drink. If we drink this
A Find opposites for these words in your SB. salt water, it’ll just make us more thirsty.
page 32 page 33
1 high low 5 urban rural 5 I love this beautiful beach, where the

2 sea land 6 southern northern sea and the land meet.

3 salt water fresh water 7 appear disappear 6 River levels used to be high , but a lot
4 passive active 8 wetter drier of water is taken for irrigation now, and water

levels are often very low .

7 Parts of southern Europe are often quite
warm in winter, but northern Europe gets
very cold.
5 GRAMMAR: conjunction + present + future
A Choose from the conjunctions in brackets to complete the text.

The price of fuel touches everything we do on a farm like this – the use of heavy equipment, the
price of farm chemicals, transport and heat for the animals in winter. Now, that price has
already gone up by
a fifth in the last year, and (1) if (if / as) it goes up by another 20%, we just won’t be
able to
before
Even as (as / before) it rises by as much as that, we will be in a lot of trouble.
(2)
will have to jump 20% or Our and (3) when (when / before) that happens, the big
prices
more, Alan
supermarkets will quickly stop buying from us and start trying to buy more cheaply from abroad. Harper, dairy
And (4) after (as / after) they change like that, they won’t farmer,
come back to us in the future – even if fuel prices, and therefore our prices, drop again. southern
England
And what will happen (5) after (after / before) more and more farmers like me
disappear? Well, gradually less and
B Answer the questions about the end less food
of will
Gradebe produced, andthe
12. Re-use as (as / before) less
(6)conjunctions.
and less is produced, prices will slowly go up and up – here and everywhere else, too. And (7)
1when
What will you try to do as you prepare for /your
(before final
when) thatexams?
world food crisis arrives, perhaps
As I prepare for my final exams, I will try to (keep to a clear work schedule.)
people will remember how farmers like me tried to warn the world!
2 How will you feel before your first exam?
Before my first exam, I will (probably feel quite nervous.)
3 What will you say to your parents after your last exam?
After my last exam, I will (tell my parents that never want to take another exam in my life!)
4 How will you celebrate when you finally leave school at the end of the year?
When I finally leave school at the end of the year, I will (have a small party to celebrate.)
31
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

LESS
5 FEEDING NINE BILLION
We should have learned from that.
ONS
3&4

1 VOCABULARY: word building with prefix re~

A Find an example of the prefix re~ in SB Reference Section 1 on page 103. Then find another
example – a new word – in the text on SB page 34, lines 55–60.
B Add the two words from A to their definitions.
reproduce produce new life, make a copy of something
reuse use something again
Now add these other words to their definitions.

rename return recycle revise remember replace

recycle use waste material (e.g. glass, paper) again, often for a different purpose
remember bring back into your mind
rename give something another name
replace take away someone or something and put someone or something new there instead
return go back to a place where you were before
revise study information again to prepare for a test or exam

2 GRAMMAR: as long as
You have used conditional statements like this for many years:
If this land is not farmed sustainably, it will turn into desert.
In Grade 11, you met other ways of expressing the same idea, including:
Unless this land is farmed sustainably, it will turn into desert.
These forms are negative, and they warn about a bad result: … it will turn into desert.
Now you have another form that focuses on a positive result:
As long as this land is farmed sustainably, it will not turn into desert.
Turn the sentences into pairs of conditional statements. Start with the
words in brackets.
1 To grow well, these plants need to get lots of sun. (as long as) (unless)
a As long as these plants get lots of sun, they will grow well.
b Unless these plants get lots of sun, they will not grow well.
2 We need to have good weather, or the trees will not produce good fruit.
(as long as) (if … not)
a As long as we have good weather, the trees will produce good fruit.
b If we don't have good weather, the trees will not produce good fruit.
3 To do well, you need to give these flowers more water. (if … not) (as long as)
a If you don't give these plants more water, they will not do well.
b As long as you give these plants more water, they will do well.

32
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 5
LESSONS

4 You have to protect your vegetables, or they will be attacked by disease. (unless) (as long as)
a Unless you protect your vegetables, they will be attacked by disease.
b As long as you protect your vegetables, they will not be attacked by disease.

3 VOCABULARY: words in context

Choose the right word to complete each statement.
1 New York has a population that is still growing. (people / population)
2 Many of the people who work in New York travel in from outside. (people / population)
3 Uncle Dara is getting old . He must be over 65 now. (ancient / old)
4 This piece of jewellery was made in ancient Egypt – about 3,000 years ago. (ancient / old)
5 These packets contain tea and coffee. (consist of / contain)
6 Lunch today will consist of burgers, eggs, tomatoes and chips. (consist of / contain)
7 Havel isn’t rich, but he makes enough money to feed his family. (eat / feed)
8 That was delicious, but I couldn’t eat any more. I’m full! (eat / feed)
9 All the land from here to those hills belongs to one farmer. (ground / land)
10 Chinar fell off the wall and hit the ground really hard, and she broke her arm. (ground / land)
11 There are three houses on this side of the road, and I live in the
middle one. (medium / middle)
12 We’ve got this sweater in small, medium and large sizes. Which
would you like (medium / middle)?
13 The apples are ready, and the farmer is picking them.
(picking / taking)
14 The goats are taking apples from the box. Stop them!
(picking / taking)

4 GRAMMAR: could have, should have

We all make mistakes and feel that we should have done something that we did not, or that we should not
have done something that we did. For example, I feel I should have been nicer to my sister when she was
ill, and I feel that I shouldn’t have borrowed my brother’s CD without asking him.
Answer the following about mistakes that you have made.
1 Name something that you feel you should have done.
I feel I should have eaten sugar when I was a child .

Say what you think might/could/would (not) have happened if you had done that.
If I had eaten less sugar, I might have had nicer teeth.

2 Name something that you believe you ought not to have done.
I feel I ought not to have taken my father's car without his permission.

Say what you feel might/could/would (not) have happened if you had not done that.
If I hadn't taken his car without his permission, I wouldn't have made that terrible accident.

33
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

5
LESS
FEEDING
Proposing actions
NINE BILLION

ONS
5&6

1 WRITING
A Use information from the pie chart and the table to complete a paragraph about the continent
with the highest freshwater runoff.
Freshwater runoff into the oceans
per year (cubic kilometres – km3)

Australia 1,965 –
Some major rivers, by continent
5%
Europe 3,110 – 8%
Africa Asia Australia Europe North America South America
Asia 13,190
Nile Tigris Darling Rhine St Lawrence Orinoco
Africa 4,225 –
– 11% 34% Zambesi Euphrates Murray Loire Ohio Amazon
Congo Indus Danube Mississippi Tocantins
Niger Ganges Rio Grande São Francisco
North America 5,960 – 15%
Brahmaputra Colorado Paraná
South America Mekong Negro
10,380 – 27%
Yangtze
Amur

Asia is the (1) continent with the highest freshwater runoff into the (2) oceans . This
is due to its many large rivers, which include the Tigris, the (3) Euphrates , the (4) Indus
and the (5) Ganges . Together, Asia’s rivers produce more than a (6) third of
global
(7) runoff – a total of (8) 13,190 cubic kilometres every (9) year .
This is roughly the same amount as the total runoff from North America, (10) Africa and
(11) Europe .

B Now write a ‘mirror’ paragraph. Use information from the pie chart and the table to complete a
similar paragraph about the continent with the second-highest freshwater runoff.
South America is the continent with the second-highest freshwater runoff into the oceans.
This is due to its many large rivers, which include the Orinoco, the Amazon, the Tocantins and
the São Francisco. Together, South America’s rivers produce more than a quarter of global runoff,
a total of 10,380 cubic kilometers every year. This is roughly the same amount as the total runoff
from North America, Europe and Australia.

2 WRITING
A Start a short essay about the four Rs. Order these sentence
parts and write them out as the opening paragraph.

to avoid wasting precious

resources, that we can all do It is
very important
34
and there are many things to help save
‫كامال‬ them.‫ عبدالقادر‬/‫م‬
‫ابراهيم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 5
LESSONS

B Continue your short essay about the four Rs. Use this pattern for your paragraph about each R.
+ Action point
Sequence + Example + Example + Example + Example
marker connector 1 connector 2
First of all, we need to For example,

Secondly, … we have to For instance, we can … To give another we can …

Thirdly, … we must To give an example, we should … example, As another we should …

Finally, … As one example, example,

Saving precious resources

It is very important to avoid wasting precious resources, and there are many things that we
can all do to help save them.
First of all, we need to reduce the amount of resources that we use. For example, (we can turn off the
lights when we leave a room). To give another example, (we should store rain water to
water garden flowers and vegetables). Secondly, we have to reuse things as much as possible.
For instance, (we should keep old pots and cans to plant flowers and vegetables). As another
example, (we can use an old ladder and old bags to make a useful place for storing things).
Thirdly, we must repair things when possible. To give an example, (we should replace buttons
that are missing from clothes). To give another example, (we can add new pieces to mend old
furniture). Finally, it is important to recycle things instead of putting them in the rubbish. As one
example, (we can cut pieces from old clothes and turn them into a bed cover). As another
example, (we should save old glass jars and bottles to be turned into new ones).

3 UNIT TASK
Complete the short opening paragraph. (Copy the question from SB page 37.) Then write a
paragraph about what you discussed, listing examples of action points.

The question which interested me most was Number : ‘What

35
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

Language
Focus
1 UNIT LANGUAGE REVIEW
Sirwan and Shilan Kakayi used to work at a Detroit car factory, but they have moved out of the city to
start a new life on a small farm by Lake Eyrie. A reporter from the local newspaper is interviewing
them.
Choose words from the brackets to complete
the interview.
Reporter How are you enjoying your new life?
Sirwan It’s been great to get away from the
big city.
Shilan We feel we’re getting back to nature.
Reporter Is farming completely new to you?
Shilan Yes, but we’re learning fast, and
we’re having a lot of fun!
Sirwan We’re working (1)
(half / twicee the hours we used
to, and we’re only making
(2) (aa quarter
of / twice) the money we used to
make, but we’re enjoying life
(3) (a tenth /
as much as before. teen
times)
Reporter So you aren’t sorry you made the
move.
Shilan No way! We feel we
(4) (might have / should have) done it years ago.
Sirwan We talked about it for a long time, and we had enough money, so we (5)
(could have / shouldn’t have) done it before, but I guess we were a bit too nervous.
Reporter So how are you changing things here?
Shilan We’re doing a lot. (6) (As a result, / For instance,,) this farm used to be a
dairy farm, but now we’re using (7) (two thirds of / a third of) the land for
crops and a much smaller area for animals.
Reporter Are things going well?
Sirwan It’s early days. We’ll be able to tell you (8) (before / when) we get our first
crops in the summer.
Shilan (9) (If / Before) we don’t make too many mistakes we should be OK.
(10) (As long as / Unless) the crops are good, we’ll make enough money to
continue.
Reporter I’m sure you’re right, but what (11) (would you do / would you have done)
if things went badly? Would you go back to Detroit?
Sirwan No, we would try to avoid that. We’ve thought of several things we could do instead.
Shilan (12) (For example, / Therefore,) we might go back to our families in
Kurdistan and try farming there.
Reporter Well, I’m sure that would be great for you in a lot of ways, but we hope everything goes well
for you here.
36
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 LANGU
‫نموونهیی‬ ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری‬
AGE
FOCUS

2 UNIT VOCABULARY REVIEW

Complete the puzzle with 18 of these new words. Find and write a short question – number 19.
Change forms where necessary.
actually avoid contain drought eighth forever for instance furniture
gene grassland hydroponics income intensive limited medium
natural nature percentage reproduce tenth useless wetland
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
10 In US national parks like
8 9 10 11 12 Yellowstone, wildlife is and will
continue to be protected …forever
13
11 I need more … . I’ve only got a
14 15 16 17 18 small table and an old chair! furniture
12 The weather and all the other
systems of the … world are
very complicated. natural
19 13 Farmer Peter Wade makes
money from crops, but part
of his … also comes from
his
animals. income
14 Forests and woodland cover just
over three … of all productive
land – 32% to be exact. tenths
15 Earth has a huge amount of
water, but the amount that we
can actually use is very … limited
1 The … that kept happening in the 1930s was 6 About 13% of productive land 16 This land has lost all its
a disaster for millions of American farmers. nutrients: it’s … for
– just over an … of the total – is growing anything.
drought used for farming. eighth
2 Mountains, rivers, oceans, plants and 7 Scientists can add … that help
useless
animals are all part of … nature plants resist disease. 17 This huge greenhouse … over a
3 Thousands of animals feed on 8 A very high … of all water – million tomato plants. contains
open … in central Asia. grassland 97.2% to be exact – is contained
4 Many scientists believe that h… in the world’s oceans. percentage 18 The land is very low along the
ydroponics
will be the best way to feed the 9 In some parts of the world, there coast, and this area of … is home
world’s rising human population. is … farming, with two or even to many sorts of wildlife. wetland
5 Asia has many great rivers – the three crops per year. intensive HELP THE INVIRONMENT
19
Tigris and the Euphrates, for … instance

3 TO HELP YOU STUDY

You are writing about The Future. You want to use a chart to help explain a point.
Complete the bar chart using figures from this paragraph. (Before you start, study the bar chart in
the SB Reference Section page 111.)
Developed economies such as those of the USA, Japan and Europe produce more carbon emissions than
other parts of the world. They will therefore have to reduce their carbon emissions more. In
a country like Britain, every man, woman and child produced an average of 5.2 tonnes of carbon
emissions in 2010. This came from things like driving cars 6
and using energy in the home, and the government’s plan is
to reduce this level greatly by the year 2050. The aim is to 5
Carbon emissions per person

cut emissions to 3.8 tonnes per person by the year 2020.

per year (tonnes)

4
This is already a huge cut, but it is only the start. By 2030,
there needs to be a further fall of over half to reach an 3
average of 1.5 tonnes. By this time, it will be getting hard to
find further cuts, and so the 2040 level has been set at 1.3 2
tonnes. Finally, the plan is to reach 1.1 tonnes of emissions 1
per person by the year 2050. This will be just over a fifth of
the level of carbon emissions half a century earlier! 0
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year

37
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

LESS
6 I N T OT H E I N F O R M AT I O N
That was when I started.
AGE

ONS
1&2

1 VOCABULARY: office equipment

Some young UK school students are visiting a local company, InterTech, to learn about the world of
work. The manager, Dr Dyson, is showing them round.
Complete the conversation with these words.

calculator computer document fax machine headset keyboard laptop

mobile mouse photocopier printer screen type web cam

S1 What pieces of office equipment do you

use most?
Dr D Well, here in the office, I use an ordinary
landline phone and my desk-top
(1) computer .
But then, when I have to go out and travel
from place to place during the day, I take
my (2) mobile phone and I
also take my (3) laptop
computer, which I can use in my car, for
example. Oh, and as I deal with numbers
a lot in my work, I always carry a
(4) calculator with me, too.
S2 What is that person over there wearing on her head?
Dr D That’s a (5) headset . She’s wearing it to leave her hands free, so then she can
(6) type people’s details on her computer as she speaks to them.
S3 How does she do that?
Dr D Well, she types the details on the (7) keyboard , and the (8) screen in front of
her shows what she has typed. And she holds that (9) mouse with her right hand to
move up and down and around the screen – for example when she wants to change something
she has typed.
S4 I’ve heard of something called Skype. What’s that exactly?
Dr D That allows you to use your laptop as a phone, and it allows you to see the person, too. You see,
there’s a little camera called a (10) webcam at the top of the screen, so when you talk to
someone, your two computers also send each other pictures that you see on your screens.
S5 How do you make paper copies of a computer (11) document ?
Dr D You send it electronically from your computer to your (12) printer , and that produces
as many copies as you want.
S6 But what happens if you only have a paper copy of a document?
Dr D Then you use the office (13) photocopier to make copies. It’s very fast.
S7 How do you send a document from one office to another? By post?
Dr D No, not usually. That’s far too slow! We normally email something like that from one computer to
another. And if we only have a paper copy, then we can use our (14) fax machine instead. It
turns a letter or a picture, for example, into electronic signals and sends them straight down the
phone line.
38
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 6
LESSONS
InterTech House

Help desk advisers

Service
2 GRAMMAR: full and reduced Centre
A
relative clauses
Look at the plan view of the InterTech building. Room
Create sentences with relative clauses from the 101
Service
sentence parts. Leave out the relative pronoun Centre
(who, which or that) when it is not necessary. B
Carla (Receptionist)

1 receptionist, Carla, / (be) / person … (answer) phone calls to / company

The receptionist, Carla, is the person who/that answers phone calls to the company.
2 she (be) also / person … visitors to / company first (meet)
She is also the person visitors to the company first meet.

3 room 101 (be) / room … (use) for most meetings / visitors

Room 101 is the room which / that is used for most meetings with visitors.

4 it (be) / room … Dr Dyson (use) to talk / students

It is the room Dr Dyson is using to talk to the students.

5 help-desk advisers (be) / people … customers (contact) / IT advice

The help-desk advisers are the people customers contact for IT advice.

6 they (be) technical experts … (can deal) / most IT problems / phone

They are technical experts who / that can deal with most IT problems by / on the phone.

7 two Service Centres (be) / workshops … (use) / repairing computer equipment

7 The two Service Centres are the workshops which / that are used for repairing computer equipment.

8 they (be) the parts of / company … / students (be) most interested in seeing
They are the parts of the company the students are (the) most interested in seeing.

3 GRAMMAR: clauses introduced by when, where and why

The InterTech visit was arranged by a teacher, Mr Ian Grant, with the manager, Dr Dyson.
Order the words in brackets to complete their phone conversation.
Dr D Good morning. Emma Dyson speaking. about more training / That was when)
Mr G Good morning, Dr Dyson. My name’s Ian Mr G Yes, and (4) This is an area where I really think
you could help.
Grant, and I’m calling from Park Road (an area where /
Comprehensive. This is / you could help. / I really think)
Dr D Ah, yes, (1) that’s where our new Dr D I see. Perhaps you could explain a bit more.
technician went to school. (went / our
new technician /to school / that’s where) Mr G OK, well, Park Road (5) is a place where students
are encouraged to learn about the world of work.
Mr G Really! I expect you mean young Luke
Harmer. (the world of work. / is a place where / to
Dr D That’s right. I was the one who interviewed learn about / students are encouraged)
him for the job, so (2) that's why I know a bit Dr D I’m glad to hear it. You should bring your
students for a visit here at InterTech.
about his location that's exactly the reason why I am
Mr G Well,
(6)
(I know / his education. / that’s calling you now (you now / I’m calling /
why / a bit about) And I’m very interested the reason why / that’s exactly) You see,
in education and training, you see. I’m
Mr G Yes, I know about that from a radio wondering if (7) there is any time when I could bring
interview you did the other day. a small group for a tour of InterTech.

(I could bring / for a tour of InterTech. /

Dr D Oh, I remember. (3) That was when I talked a small group / there’s any time when)
about more training about the world of work.
Dr D I’m sure that would be possible. Let’s look
(I talked / about the world of work / at our diaries …
39
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

LESS
6 I N T OT H E I N F O R M AT I O N
People join so as to chat to friends.
AGE

ONS
3&4

1 VOCABULARY: synonyms 2 I’m not going to email my cousin. I’m going to

A Find words in the texts on SB page 42 that send him a letter by post.
can mean the same, or nearly the same, as
these words. 3 Could you do something for me? //
Sure . Just say what you want me to
Text do.
1 send transmit
1 see … as regard as 2 VOCABULARY: grammatical sets
1 sure certain A Complete the table with words from the
2 although though texts on SB p42, and with words that you
already know.
2 for nothing for free
2 for instance for example
Text verb noun (thing) noun (person)
1 invent invention inventor
3 nearly almost
3 enormous huge 1 XXXX science scientidt
2 research research researcher
B Now complete these sentences with word 3 educate education educator
pairs from A. teach
3 teaching teacher
1 Bell is seen as / regarded as one of the 3 create creation creator
great inventors of the 19th century.
3 study study/ies student
2 Dara didn’t want any money: he did the job
for free / for nothing . B Use grammatical word sets from A to
3 Let me finish counting: 90 … 95 … 96 … complete the following. Change forms where
96.50. Wow! I’ve got nearly / almost £100. necessary.
4 The Pacific is huge / enormous . It’s
far bigger than any of the world’s other 1 Havel is a student , and he is
studying at university. His subject is
oceans.
5 We can get information from several sources. business studies .
for instance/ for example
we can use the internet. 2 Chinar sometimes helps to teach
6 Tony is a good friend, although / though the children in Grade 1, and it’s easy to see that
I must say he sometimes acts very strangely. she’s a natural teacher . She really
7 As soon as the earthquake had stopped, news should make teaching her career.
teams started sending / transmitting 3 Bell was a great inventor , and he
reports and pictures round the world. invented many things. However, his
8 I’m sure / certain Ako will greatest invention was certainly the
do well in the school play. He’s a great actor! telephone.
4 Walt Disney was the creator of
C Use the correct word from A to complete the many famous cartoons. For example, he
following. created Mickey Mouse very early
Words can be synonyms in some contexts, but not in his career, in the 1930s. Although Disney
in others, so you need to be careful. went on to produce many other films, Mickey
1 We worked hard to stop the old boat from Mouse remained perhaps his most famous
creation .
going down, but it was all for nothing
.
It finally filled with water and sank like a stone!
40
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 6
LESSONS

3 GRAMMAR: relative clauses with extra information

A Combine the sentences using relative clauses with commas.
1 Bell invented many useful things. He moved from Scotland to America.
Bell, who moved from Scotland to America, invented many useful things.
2 Armstrong and Aldrin made their flight in 1969. They were the first humans on the moon.
Armstrong and Aldrin, who were the first humans on the moon, made their flight in 1969.

3 The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. He was working in Geneva at that time.
The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee, who was working in Geneva at that time.

4 Fibres optics is now used more than satellites for communications. They have become a global network.
Fibre-optic cables, which have become a global network, are now used more than satellites for communications.

5 Millions of people now use Wikipedia. It is written for free by experts all over the world.
5 Millions of people now use Wikipedia, whic-h is written for free by experts all over the world.

6 People meet to communicate on various social sites. These include Facebook and My Space.
People meet to communicate on various social sites, which include Facebook and Myspace.

B Add real information about things in your life.

1 I go to (name) School, which (information)

2 My cousin, who (information) ,

(information)
4 GRAMMAR: expressing purpose
A Complete the sentences. Choose between so as to/in order to, so that and for the purpose of.
(Check the grammatical forms after the gaps.)
1 Bell used fibre optics so as to / in order to transmit pictures and sound.
2 Doctors started using fibre optics so that they could look inside the human body.
3 Scientists worked hard to improve fibre optics so that it would become possible to use
them over long distances.
4 NASA used fibre optics for the purpose helping to put human beings on the moon.
5 Many people now use the internet in order to / so as to do a lot of their shopping.

B Complete the sentences with suitable statements of purpose. Choose between so as to/in order to,
so that and for the purpose of.
1 Bell invented the telephone so that people in different places would be able to
communicate with each other.
2 Doctors wanted to look inside the human body for the purpose of investigating diseases.

3 Tim Berners-Lee wanted to share information with other scientists

so that they could all get results from their research more quickly.

4 Small Canadian communities far from other places wanted SchoolNet

so as to / in order to help their students learn more about the outside world.

5 Millions of students in many different countries now use SchoolNet

so that they can find information quickly and efficiently.

41
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

6
LESS
I N T OT H E I N F O R M AT I O N

Describing, arguing for and against,

AGE

ONS
5&6 concluding
2
WRITING
A Expand these notes and put the verbs in the
correct forms to produce the topic sentence
for paragraph 1 of a short essay with the title
Fibre optics and the internet. (Write it in E on
1
the next page.)
VOCABULARY: literary criticism
Complete the short essay on the poem New development / internet (closely connect) with /
Frontiers. Add words from the boxes. earlier development / fibre optics, which (take)
many years
lines poem rhyme rhymes
scheme verse verses writer B Expand your time line notes from SB Lesson
In this short (1) poem 4 D1 to continue paragraph 1 like this.
, the
(2) writer , Coral Rumble, talks about Fibres optics was used in the Photophone as
the amazing fact that modern technology allows early as 1880. Then, in the early
her to explore the whole world without leaving her
office. twentieth century, …
The poem has just four (3) verses , Start the sentences that follow with these
each with four (4) lines . The linking expressions.
rhyme (5) scheme is a simple one in Some time after that, in … (decades)
verses one, two and four: every second line During that period, in (year), …
(6) rhymes
– need, speed, etc. Not long after that, in the late (decade), …
(7) verse three is slightly This was followed by … in (year)
different though, as all four lines (8) rhyme ,
with the pattern a, b, a, b. The internet really … after (year)
C Expand these notes and put the verbs in the
meaning point rhythm correct forms to produce the topic sentence
stress strong structure title for paragraph 2. (Write it in E on the next
page.)

Like the rhymes, the (9) rhythm although it (only invent) / late 1970s, many uses /
of the poem is very simple. It is basically a internet (find), / it (change) / way billions / people
weak (10) stress followed by a live / do things today
(11)
strong stress, repeated again and again. D Expand your network from SB Lesson 4 D2
With the fun of the last line and its simple four
structure
verse, four line , this short to continue paragraph 2 like this.
(12)
poem seems very light. If, though, we look at the
poem’s (13) title , New Frontiers, First of all, it provides information through
we websites such as … which ...
can see that the writer is making quite a serious
(14) point . At first, this title might Secondly, there is online shopping, which we can
just seem to mean the lines between countries that do through websites like … which ...
she crosses on her ‘journeys’ round the world. Thirdly, we can join social sites such as …, which
However, it has a different, deeper … Again, … is supported by SchoolNet, for
(15) meaning : it actually expresses the example, which …
idea that the writer can now explore the farthest
edges of what we know and of what is
scientifically possible.
42
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 6
LESSONS

E Write your short essay here.

Fibre optics and the internet
The development of the internet was closely connected with the earlier development of
fibre optics, which took many years. Fibre optics was used in the Photophone as early as
1880. Then, in the early twentieth century, it started to be used in medicine for the purpose of
looking inside the human body. Some time after that, in the 1960s and 70s, scientists improved
the
technology so as to use it over long distances. During that period, in 1969, fibre optics was
used on the Apollo spacecraft that landed on the moon. Not long after that, in the late
1970s, the internet was first developed. This was followed by the invention of the World
Wide Web in 1991. The internet really took off globally after 2000.

Although it was only invented in the late 1970s, many uses for the internet have been
found, and it has changed the way billions of people live and do things today. First of all, it
provides information through websites such as Wikipedia, which is a free encyclopedia.
Secondly, there is online shopping, which we can do through websites like Amazon, which
sells books. Thirdly, we can join social sites such as Facebook, which allow people to chat to
each other. Again, education is supported by SchoolNet, for example, which was first
developed to bring the outside world to schools in small communities across Canada

3 UNIT TASK
Use points from your discussion (SB p45) to write your report to the Ministry of Education here.

What sort of SchoolNet do we need in Kurdistan?

Some people argue for completely free access to the internet. However, it is also possible to argue
against this and for more limited access. In our class discussion, we have considered some of the
arguments on both sides.
There are at least two reasons why some people want free access to the internet. First of all,
they feel that it is a great source of information: whatever you need to know, you can find
something somewhere on the internet. They also say that you can communicate with friends
and other people, for example on Facebook, whenever you want.

However, there are also reasons why it may not be a good idea to give students total freedom to go
wherever they want on the internet. First of all, there is often too much information on websites,
including ‘information’ that is rubbish. As a result, it is often hard to find what you want.
Secondly, many websites are not just useless: they are actually really bad, saying things that
are not true, for example.

After careful discussion, we came to the conclusion that access should be available only to
websites that Kurdistan’s Ministry of Education has accepted.
In the opinion of most of us, In the opinion of most of us, it could be dangerous to offer
completely open access to the internet. Most of us also felt that we should not just have
access to sites that SchoolNet Kurdistan has created. If this happened, we would not have
the benefit of many excellent sites that already exist such as Wikipedia and the BBC.

43
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

Language
Focus
1
UNIT LANGUAGE REVIEW
A Read the local newspaper report and add commas to relative clauses which need them.

LOCAL COMPANY WELCOMES

NEW MANAGER
Local company InterTech has Dr Dyson comes to InterTech
just made Dr Emma Dyson the from ILS which is one of
new Director. She is taking over Europe’s largest IT organizations.
this important job from Mr Alan Although she trained as a
Rees who founded the company technician, she managed several
20 years ago. ILS businesses during the 12
Introducing her, Mr Rees said, years that she worked for ILS.
‘She’s someone who will bring In reply, Dr Dyson said,
new ideas to InterTech, and I ‘InterTech is a company which is
know that we are an organization known for its great technology. I
that will be quick to accept can’t wait to start this job which
them.’ Mr Rees who is now 67 will allow me to work closely
will remain as an adviser. with people who are the best in
the IT world!’

B Complete part of Dr Dyson’s recent radio Dr D Yes, that was just a factory. But those were
interview. Add one of these words where
necessary. Where that, which or who is not the years (8) when I got much
necessary, leave the gap empty. (Interviewer of the experience to do my new job.
= I, Dr Dyson = Dr D). C Complete another part of the interview.
that which who Choose between the expressions of purpose
in brackets.
when where why
I Now, Dr Dyson, you said that one reason
for doing this interview was
I Perhaps we could talk about the reasons (1) so that (to / so that) you
(1) why you chose to move to could talk a little about education and
InterTech. training.
Dr D Well, it’s a company (2) which Dr D That’s right. It’s (2) so as to
is famous in the IT world. Alan Rees is also (for the purpose of / so as to) encourage
someone (3) who I regard as everyone to think more about these very
a great IT leader. And I’m a person important things. You see, schools and
(4) who likes trying new colleges are there (3) for the purpose of
things, so after 12 years with ILS, his (for the purpose of / in order to) providing
invitation was just the opportunity the best possible start in life. And there’s
(5) which I wanted! He called another side to this, too.
on a day (6) when I was feeling (4) in order to (in order to / so that)
very bored with my old job! get the people we need at a company like
InterTech, we need schools and colleges to
I Is InterTech very different from the place prepare students well.
(7) where you were working
before?

44
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 LANGU
‫نموونهیی‬ ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری‬
AGE
FOCUS
2
UNIT VOCABULARY REVIEW 2 intercontinental between continents, from
A Use the letters in brackets to produce the one continent to another, e.g. a flight
words for the definitions. 3 international describes something, e.g. a
sports event, which more than one country
1 various : (adj) several different (souviar)
whenever takes part in
2 : (conj) at any time, or in any 4 internet a large system of computers
situation (hevernew) that are connected to allow people to share
3 suitable : (adj) right for a certain information and communicate with each other
purpose, person or situation (subalite)
4 conclusion : (n) the end of something; * * * * * * * * * * * *
5 prefer to choose one thing before
final statement after looking at all the related
or instead of others
points and arguments (inocsulnoc) prepare
source 6 to get someone or
5 : (n) a person, place or thing something ready before something that will
that provides something, e.g. information, that happen in the future
you want (socure) prevent
specialize 7 to stop something before it
6 : (v) to become an expert in can happen in the future
one area of work, study, etc (zealispice) preview a chance to see something,
7 solve : (v) find the answer to a 8
e.g. a film, before everyone else can see it
problem or puzzle (loves)
8 graduate : (v) to complete your * * * * * * * * * * * *
studies successfully at college or 9 telecommunicationsthe sending and receiving
university (atraudge) of messages over a long distance, especially by
9 decade : (n) a period of ten years telephone, radio and television
(dedace) 10 teleconference
a meeting between people
10 argue : (v) to talk with someone who are in different places, but who are
who does not agree with you; to give reasons connected by video and computers
that support or that attack an idea (rugea) 11 telephone a piece of equipment that
allows people to speak to each over a long
B Check your work in A. Find the words you distance
produced in this list of important new words.
12 television 1 a rectangular box with
access actually anyway argue conclusion a screen which receives electronic signals
decade emotional exist freedom from a long distance and turns them into
graduate interactive limited solve moving pictures and sounds 2 the technology
source specialize suitable technical of sending moving pictures and sounds over
long distances
various whenever wherever
B Each group of words in A uses one prefix.
Find the three prefixes and their meanings in
3 your SB Reference Section 1. Then underline
TO HELP YOU STUDY words in the definitions above that express
A Match these words that you already know to those meanings.
nine of the dictionary definitions below.
C Understanding prefixes can help you to
telephone prevent interactive understand new words.
international telecommunications Try to work out the meanings of the new
prefer internet prepare television words below and then add them to the
correct definitions in A.
1 interactive describes a system
or computer program which allows preview teleconference intercontinental
communication between people or between a
person and a machine

45

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬

 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

7 WORKING
BETTER
TOGETHER
WORLD
FOR A

LESS
ONS We humans always try to do the
1&2
impossible.
1 VOCABULARY: words that often go together (collocations)
A Look at the two boxes and find words that often go together. Draw lines to connect them. Then
look at SB page 48 to check your work.

atmospheric climate health killer technological top weapons of

care change diseases emissions priority solutions war

B Use collocations from A to complete the following. Change their forms if necessary.
1 Malaria is a killer diseae that takes the lives of millions every year.
2 If we could have world peace, countries could stop spending so much on weapons of war .
3 After the floods, there was very little proper health care , so a lot of people became ill.
atmospheric emissions were terrible.
4 For many years, factories were allowed to pollute freely, and the
5 Many scientists believe that very bad weather events show that climate change has started.
6 The two top priorities of every government should be to keep its people safe and healthy.
7 We need all kinds of technological solutions such as fuel cells to help reduce global warming.

2 GRAMMAR: participle clauses 1 A

A Give the speakers’ names and countries, and then form participles to reportItheirdisagree with the
‘A’ statements.
previous two speakers.
1
A I’d like to 3
make a I would argue that we
suggestion. B ought not to waste
time on votes.
B
Name: Harumi Honda I suggest we should Name: Dmitri Stepashin
Country: Japan Country: Russia
have a vote at the
A
2 end of the Can I make
4
discussion. a
B request?
A
I support Can I ask for an
Name: Jack Dawson Harumi Honda. Name: Michelle Barre extra meeting
Country: Canada Country: France about the Middle
B
And let me add that we
ought to have votes
after every discussion.

1 The next speaker was Harumi Honda from Japan making a suggestion .
2 The following speaker was Jack Dawson from Canada supporting Harumi Honda. .
3 The speaker after that was Dmitri Stepashin from Russia disagreeing with the previous two speakers.
.
4 The final speaker was Michelle Barre from France making a request. .
46
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 7
LESSONS

B Use these ‘starters’ and form participles to report the speakers’ ‘B’ statements.

We heard … I remember … We listened to … We saw …

1 We heard ...
Harumi suggesting that they should have a vote at the end of the discussion.
2 I remember Jack adding that they ought to have votes after every discussion.
3 We listened to Dmitri arguing that they ought not to waste time on votes.
4 We saw Michelle asking for an extra meeting about the Middle East.
3 GRAMMAR: verb + infinitive; verb + ~ing form
A Complete part of the conference things, I believe that in 20 years from now, we
representative’s speech with the correct
forms of the verbs in brackets. (If two forms could say goodbye to malaria for ever!’
are possible, give both.)
B Complete the following with used to +
‘A few years ago, the amount of malaria appeared infinitive or be/get used to + ~ing form. Use
(1) to be (be) declining in many the verb in brackets.
countries, but the truth is that we have failed
(2) to get (get) rid of this terrible 1 It’s midnight, and I’m tired. I ’m not used to
staying up so late. (stay)
disease. Despite all the work that has been done
and is being done, the numbers of malaria cases 2 I used to think that
have started (3) to rise / rising (rise) around the conferences were a waste of time, but now I feel
they can be useful. (think)
world, and this is very bad news.
3 I come from a small country town, and I can’t
Conference, some years ago the world managed get used to living
(4) to get (get) rid of another horrible in New York. (live)
4 What did you use to enjoy most when you
disease – smallpox. Now, if we all decided were younger? // Playing football. (enjoy)
(5) to act (act) together again, I believe 5 Why are you going so slowly? haven't you got
that we could do the same with malaria. Of course, used to driving your new car yet? (drive)
that would mean (6) spending (spend) a
6 Will you get used to being away from home
lot of money. But please stop (7) to consider when I go to college? // Don’t worry! Of course
(consider) for a minute what it would mean if we
you will! (be)
succeeded in (8) ending (end) this
disease. Millions of people – many of them
children – would no longer continue 4 LANGUAGE FOR LIFE
(9) to have / having(have) their lives destroyed
by it. Children would stop (10) dying Complete appropriately. Then practise.

(die) in the large numbers that they do today. All after all, can’t help thinking
these people would go on (11) living for one thing, … for another,
(live), and they would have productive lives
instead.
A What do you think of Plan B?
How would we do this? I believe the can't help thinking
UN’s World Health Organization would BI that it’s the wrong one. I
need prefer Plan A.
(12) to lead (lead) the fight. And first, A Why do you feel that way?
we would have to keep (13) looking
(look) for good, cheap cures for even the worst B For one thing it would be too expensive,
forms of the disease. From there, we would then and for another it would take too long.
go on (14) to find (find) ways of C Yes, it has to be Plan A, doesn’t it?
preventing the disease. After all
If the world agreed (15) to provide we need the quickest,
cheapest solution, don’t we?
(provide) the necessary resources to do these
47
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

7 WORKING
BETTER
TOGETHER
WORLD
FOR A

LESS
ONS Before leaving, I inquired how she
3&4

1 VOCABULARY: opposites In his office, the Director of Amundsen-Scott,

A Add opposites from the text on SB page 50. Dr Ian Macbeth, invited me to sit down and
have a cup of coffee
1 North Pole remember forget and he asked me to tell him
2 midday death a bit about my plans
life
3 take off for against . Then hetold me to ask for
4 dark arriving whatever help I needed whenever i needed to.
leaving
war Day 3: With Sally Woo, Communications Centre
5 cool peace
quietly Manager (add, explain, go on to say, say, tell me)
6 take loudly
7 load created destroyed We transmit all our signals from here via
dead alive satellite.
8 below
B Use pairs of opposites from A to complete We’ve just sent out a long research
the following. Change forms if necessary. report for example.
1 The temperature at the South Pole is almost And we’re also sending an urgent
never 0°C, and it is request for the new Julia Roberts
sometimes 50 or 60° . movie.
2 When it’s in one place, with All kinds of signals come in and go
the sun high in the sky, it’s on
the opposite side of the world. out, day and night.
3 Now we have to the supplies
from the plane and them Lots of personal messages will be
onto our truck. received and transmitted later on.
4 We early in the morning that
day, and we in New Zealand
12 hours later.
Today, I spent some time with Sally Woo, the
5 My tea was too hot to drink, but it’s Communications Centre Manager. She told me that
enough now. And I’m heating
some soup. I think it’s now.

2 GRAMMAR: reported speech forms

Turn Chris Carr’s notes and the direct speech
into sections of his diary report. Use the
reporting verbs in brackets.
Day 2: In his office, the Director of Amundsen-
Scott, Dr Ian Macbeth (ask … to, tell … to, invite
… to)

Please sit down and have a cup of coffee.

Tell me a bit about your plans. Day 4: Talk to Supply Manager Bob Brant – has
been coming to the Pole for many years.
You must ask me for whatever help Questions to ask (ask, inquire, want to find out,
want to learn, want to know)
you need whenever you need to.
48
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 7
LESSONS

Is it true that you’ve been to the Pole more (3) (and so / but) he never spent
more than four months a year at Amundsen-Scott.
times than anyone else?
(4) (After all, In ad
ddiitiion,
n, he
explained, he had a wife and family back home,
Do you spend more time at the Pole (5) (or / and) they needed to
than at home in California? spend time together.
When did you first come to the South Pole? Turning to his job, I learned that there were
300–400 supply flights a year – an enormous
number! This was (6)
How many supply flights are there every (due to
the fact that / despite the fact that) everything
year? they needed had to be brought by air.
What was more, he said, all those flights had to
come during the summer (7)
Can you get supplies during the (though / as) planes could not land and take off
during the winter months. (8)
winter? (Because of / Despite) these very long periods
This afternoon, I decided to talk to the Supply without new supplies, though, it seems that there
Manager, Bob Brant, who has been coming to the had never been any serious problems.
Pole for many years. I wanted to know if it was
true that 4 GRAMMAR: participle clauses 2
Complete the comments on Chris Carr’s trip
to the South Pole. Choose from the following
words and form participles from the verbs in
brackets.
after before on since when/while

1 Before travelling to the South Pole, Chris

read as much as he could about life there.
(travel)
2 When/while staying at Amundsen-Scott, he
spoke with as many of the scientists there as he
could. (stay)
3 On/After completing his diary report
each day, he immediately went to the
communications centre and sent it to his
newspaper. (complete)

3 GRAMMAR: connecting ideas 4 He finally flew back to New York after

Choose the correct connectors from SB pages spending two weeks at the South
50–51 to complete Chris Carr’s report. Pole. (spend)
Bob Brant told me that he had been to the South 5 Before leaving , he said goodbye to
Pole a total of 17 times during the past 20 years. all the people he had met there. (leave)
However, he was not sure whether that was the 6 He thought a lot about his visit to the Pole
world record (1) (so / because) When/While flying back home. (fly)
other people had also been many times. When 7 On/After landing at JF Kennedy Airport,
I wondered whether he spent more time at the he went straight home for a long sleep. (land)
Pole than at home in California, he said that 8 Since returning to New York, Chris has
(2) (as / altthough) he loved decided to write a book about the work of the
his job, he also loved life in California, ‘Polies’. (return)

49
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

7 WORKING
BETTER
TOGETHER
WORLD
FOR A

LESS
ONS Turn taking in discussion
5&6

1 WRITING SKILLS
Write the following as a conversation. Add the correct punctuation – capital letters, commas,
apostrophes, full stops, dashes, hyphens, question marks and exclamation marks.

well now lets hear some other peoples ideas about the worlds top priorities for 2025 maria delgado said
sita kumar can i ask you to say something
yes of course sita said well it seems to me that its very very important to achieve priority 3 education
and health care for all children
sorry but i feel i need to say something alhaji buhari said maria
invited him to speak please go ahead alhaji she replied
well alhaji began its certainly true that childrens health and education are very important priorities for
the long term however i believe that we have to make climate change our most important immediate
priority if we don’t he went on we wont be able to provide health education or anything else
i see your point sita answered but the fact is that weve got to deal with everything health and education
as well as climate change

‘Well, now, let’s hear some other people’s ideas about the world’s top priorities for 2025,’ Maria
Delgado said. ‘Sita Kumar, can I ask you to say something?’
‘Yes, of course, ‘Sita said. ‘Well, it seems to me that it’s very important to achieve priority
3 – education and healthcare for all children.’
‘Sorry, but I feel I need to say something,’ Alhaji Buhari said.
Maria invited him to speak. ‘Please go ahead, Alhaji,’ she replied.
Well, Alhaji began, it’s certainly true that children’s health and education are very important
priorities for the long term. However, I believe that we have to make climate change our most
important immediate priority. If we don’t,’ he went on, ‘we won’t be able to provide health,
education or anything else.
‘I see your point,’ Sita answered, ‘but the fact is that we’ve got to deal with everything – health and
education as well as climate change.’

50
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 7
LESSONS

2 WRITE
Write Chris Carr’s report of your discussion with three partners in C SPEAK on SB page 53. Use
your notes from A1 and this framework to write the report in three short paragraphs – one for
each exchange of opinions.

argued for … saying that …

(name)
supported … stating that … But …
I
argued against … believing that … However,
disagreed with pointing out that … …
… making the point that …

First, argued for World Bank loans, making the point that they
. However, disagreed with her,
saying that they then went on to

Finally,

3 UNIT TASK
A Follow Chris’s introduction with a new paragraph for each exchange between the speakers.
B Follow the start of the concluding paragraph with your own ideas.
SMALL FINANCE SCHEME BRINGS BIG BENEFITS
I did not know much about the benefits of microfinance until the recent Youth Conference in
New York. Now I have also finally seen it in action, and I would like to tell you about it through a
recent interview in a village on the coast of Indonesia. This was with Ibu Dhanani, a very brave
woman who has fought to build a new life since the terrible tsunami of 2004 destroyed
everything there and killed many thousands.
First, I asked Ibu Dhanani to tell me about life before the tsunami, and she told me that she had had a
small business making and selling party wall hangings. She had worked very hard, and she had been able to give several
other women work for two or three days a week. But she had not been able to make enough money to develop the business
further, and she had not been able to borrow the money either. Then I asked what had happened to her and her family after
the tsunami. She said that they had been luckier than many other families because none of them had been killed. But they
had lost their house and everything they owned. She explained that during the next nine months, they had had to depend on
emergency aid programmes for everything – food, water, medicine and a roof over their heads. I went on to ask when things
had started to change, and she told me about a loan of a hundred dollars that she had got. She had then been able to buy
some new tools and get started again. Business had quickly got better and better, she said, and she had soon had work to
offer the other women again.
I inquired whether things were going well now, and she agreed that they were. She said that she was buying a workshop so
that they could all work together. And next she wanted to open a shop where they could show their work properly and sell it
better. Finally, I asked how things were going for her family. She explained that her money had helped to build their new home,
and that it also meant that they could pay for school for their four children.
It is clear from this, and from millions of other success stories in many countries, that
microfinance loans can make a huge difference. With the help of these small amounts of money, people can
work their way from a situation without hope to a new life with a bright future.

51
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

Language
Focus
1 UNIT LANGUAGE REVIEW
A Complete part of the conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. (If two forms
are possible, give both.)
Chris Carr is visiting a New York publishing company to discuss his proposal for a book about life at the
Amundsen-Scott Station. He is talking with the Publishing Manager, Liz Ramirez.
Liz Well, my advisers and I all enjoyed (1) reading (read) your diary reports and your
proposal, and we’d like (2) to publish (publish) the book.
Chris Great! Well, I can start (3) to work / working (work) on it tomorrow.
Liz But there is one big problem. Now, I don’t mean (4) to upset (upset) you, but we want
you to consider (5) adding (add) a short history of Antarctic exploration.
Chris I’m very happy to do that, but it’ll mean (6) producing (produce) a longer book.
Liz That’s fine with us. And the other thing is this: we would need (7) to have
(have) the
finished book from you in three months from now.
Chris Well, I’m a reporter, so I’m used to (8) writing (write)
fast!

B Order the words in brackets to form this pattern: subject + verb + object + participle clause.
Chris is showing Liz some video material from his visit to the South Pole.
1 Now here we’re looking at Bob Brant organizing the transport
of new supplies from a plane. (looking at / organizing / Bob Brant / we’re)
2 And in this bit you're watching Sally Woo checking
equipment in the communications centre. (Sally Woo / you’re / checking /
watching)
3 This time, I'm videoing Dr Ullsen working with her
research team. (working / videoing / Dr Ullsen / I’m)
4 Finally, here we're seeing people picking fresh fruit
in the hydroponics unit. (seeing / we’re / picking / people)

C When Chris got home after the meeting with Liz Ramirez, he told his wife what had been said.
Put parts of the conversation into reported speech. Use the reporting verbs in brackets.
Liz Come in and sit down, Mr Carr. (invite) Were you able to find our offices all right? (ask)
Chris I often come past the building, so I know it well. (tell)
Liz Can I get you a coffee before we start talking about your book? (offer)
Later …
Liz Will you have time to write the book? (ask)
Chris Don’t worry about that. (tell) I’m sure I can make enough time to write my first book! (say)
Liz Why does the Antarctic interest you so much? (want to know)
Chris I’m very interested in the people who live and work there. (explain)
… So first she invited me to go in and sit down. Then

52
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 LANGU
‫نموونهیی‬ ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری‬
AGE
FOCUS

Later …

D Complete the story of the book’s development. Choose from the following words and form
participles from the verbs in brackets.

after before on since when while

1 On leaving Liz Ramirez, Chris immediately called his wife to

tell her about the meeting. (leave)
2 He stopped at the library to borrow some books on Antarctic
exploration when / while travelling home by bus. (travel)
3 After/on getting home, he went on the internet to do more
research. (get)
4 Several days later, he carefully read all his notes again before
starting work on writing the book. (start)
5 When / while writing the book, he sometimes emailed his ‘Polie’
friends for more information. (write)
6 On/after completing the book, he emailed it straight to Liz.
(complete)
7 Since sending it to the company, he has been waiting for further news. (send)
8 On calling Liz today, he was told that it would be in the shops next month. (call)

2 UNIT VOCABULARY REVIEW

A Use the letters in brackets to produce the words for the definitions.
1 immediately
: (adv) very quickly and without stopping to do anything else (mytelimedia)
2 disagree
: (v) to have a different opinion from someone else (reidsage)
3 health
4 charity : (n) how your body is, especially whether you are ill or well (hathel)
: (n) an organization that gives money and/or other help to people who need it
5 agreement (harytic)
: (n) something arranged or decided between people, organizations, etc, about what
6 intend to do (greatmeen)
7 inquire : (v) to have a plan in your mind to do something (tinden)
8 mention
9 suply : (v) to ask someone for information about something (irequin)
: (v) the act of saying something about someone or something (notemin)
: (n) an amount or quantity of something that is ready for use (pusply)
10 weapon : (n) a thing that is used for hurting people or damaging things (openwa)

B Check your work in A. Find the words you produced in this list of important new words.

agreement atmospheric charity cooperative disagree disagreement exploration health immediately

infrastructure inquire intend killer limit loan mention previous supply technological weapon

53
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 8
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
REVISI
ON
LESS
They are the people working with
ONS
1&2 us.
1
VOCABULARY: 2
VOCABULARY: opposites
words that often A Add opposites from the texts on SB page 56.
go together Text
(collocations) 1 ugly beautiful
A Look at the two boxes remember
and find words that 2 forget
often go together. 2 modern ancient
Draw lines to connect
them. Then look at SB 3 arrive leave
page 56 to check your
work. 3 import export
3 fail seucceed
business cultural sales ski
star top trading wide 3 decrease increase
4 refuse accept
activity attraction company exchange
experience manager priority resort B Use pairs of opposites from A to complete
the following. Change forms if necessary.
1 Our aim is to leave New York
B Use collocations from A to complete the next Sunday and to arrive in
following. Change their forms if necessary. San Francisco ten days later.
1 Switzerland is famous for its many ski 2 When the price of a product increases
resorts too much, people can’t afford it any more, and
. so sales decrease .
2 She used to be a junior sales assistant, but now 3 China imports huge quantities of
she’s risen to become the sales manager materials like iron and oil so as to make the
enormous amounts of goods that it then
. exports to other countries.
3 Mr Bahjat has worked for several large 4 Please remember to buy some milk and
construction companies and therefore has eggs on your way home. // Don’t worry. I
wide experience of the industry. won’t
4 In addition to finding new business forget .
opportunities, we hope to create new 5 The old industrial area of town used to be
cultural exchange between our two ugly and dirty, but now it’s a
countries in order to understand our different beautiful green park.
ways of life better.
6 Saman and Karwan failed to climb
5 There’s lots to talk about, but our top the mountain twice, but they tried again and
priority has to be next week’s sales this time they succeeded .
conference. 7 At first, Nian refused our offer of
6 The two different parts of this company focus help, but she really couldn’t finish the job alone,
on two different business activities – car and so she finally accepted .
sales and vehicle repairs. 8 Some of Britain’s modern roads
7 As the largest trading company in the today follow the same routes that the
country, we supply our market with everything ancient Roman roads followed nearly
from office equipment to building materials. 2,000 years ago.
8 Zara’s singing was wonderful – she was the
star attraction at the school
concert last night.
54
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 8
LESSONS

3 GRAMMAR: phrasal verbs

Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verbs. Add a pronoun where necessary.
take away take off (+ object) take off (- object) take out take over

1 When do you leave? // My plane takes off at 11.05.

2 Ben was wearing a thick sweater, so when he got too warm, he took it off .
3 Zara is too busy to run the sports club now, so she’s asked me to take over the job.
4 I think I put the books in that bag over there. Could you take them out for me, please?
5 Well, now we’ve got our new sofa, what are we going to do with the old one?
// Dave and I will take it away and get rid of it.
4 GRAMMAR: modal verb + have
A Read the situations and use the ideas in brackets to say what
could/should/shouldn’t have happened instead.
1 Your little brother has kicked his football into a neighbour’s garden.
(kick the ball so hard)
He shouldn’t have kicked the ball so hard.
2 You woke up late this morning. As a result, you nearly missed the school trip although, luckily, the
last bus was still there! (wake up at the right time)
should have woken up at the right time.
3 You have only come second in the school sports day 400-metre race, and you are disappointed. You
think it was because you missed some training last week. (win if I train properly last week)
I could have won if I had trained properly last week.
B Rewrite your comment in A3 in two more ways. Use 1) I wish, and 2) if only.
1 I wish I had trained properly last week. Then I could have won.
2 If only I had trained properly last week, I could have won.
C Read the situations and use the ideas in brackets to say what possibly could/may/might have
happened or what definitely must/can’t/couldn’t have happened.
1 You are looking for a friend everywhere at the end of the school day, but you can’t find this person
anywhere. (go home)
He / She must have gone home.
2 You left a phone message for your sister to meet you at the coffee shop, but she has not answered or
arrived. (not find the message)
She can’t have found the message.
3 You suddenly find that you have lost your money. Earlier, you went to the post office in order to buy
some stamps. Perhaps it’s there. (leave it at the post office)
I may have left it at the post office.
D Now use a form from A and then a form from C to speak to your neighbour, an old woman.
You are going to the supermarket for some eggs, and you see a neighbour – an old woman – carrying
four heavy bags home from the supermarket. She looks very tired and you run to help her home. (give
me your shopping list … do your shopping for you)
You should have given me your shopping list. I could have done your shopping for you.

55
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 8
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
REVISI
ON
LESS
Language
ONS
3&4

1 GRAMMAR: describing with participle clauses

Match the sentence parts to Azad’s photos from New York and form participles from the verbs in
brackets. Write the complete sentences as his descriptions of the photos.
Here are some kids (do) a party at the end of the conference.
Here’s Stella (give) in Central Park.
That’s the Mayor (have) us to Staten Island.
These are my friends (show) my presentation on Kurdistan.
This is me (skateboard) me the sights of New York.
This is the ferry (take) his welcome speech.

1 This is me doing my 3 This is the ferry taking

presentation on us to Staten Island.
Kurdistan.

2 Here’s Stella showing me

the sights of New York.

Here are some kids

5 6 These are my friends
4 That’s the mayor giving skateboarding in Central
his welcome speech. having a party at the end
Park.
of the conference.

2 GRAMMAR: after, before, on, 3 After / On arriving there, he started

since, when, while + participle clause preparing for the conference. (arrive)
Complete Azad’s story. Choose from the 4 When / While talking to Kate Reilly, she
words above and form participles from the suggested meeting her cousin Stella. (talk)
verbs in brackets. 5 While / When in New York, he took
part in the conference and also met Stella. (stay)
1 Before flying to New York, Azad 6 Before returning to Kurdistan, he visited
asked his English teacher, Kate Reilly, for his cousin in Ohio. (return)
some advice. (fly)
7 After getting back home, he met
2 On / After landing in New York, he Stella and Kate and invited them for dinner
went straight to his hostel. (land) with his family. (get)

56
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ 8
LESSONS

3 GRAMMAR: ways of comparing quantities

Compare the areas of Iraq and other countries in the region. Complete the statements about the
table. Use the ways of comparing shown in brackets – (%) e.g. 15%, (a/b) e.g. ½, or (×) e.g. five times,
twice.
Egypt Iraq Jordan Saudi Arabia
2
area (km ) 1,001,000 435,000 90,000 2,331,000

Choose from these expressions:

about approximately roughly
1 Iraq is (about) five times the size of Jordan. (×)
2 Iraq has an area (approximately) half the area of Egypt. (a/b)
3 Egypt is (roughly) 40% of the size of Saudi Arabia. (%)
4 Jordan has an area (about) 20% of the area of Iraq. (%)
5 Iraq is (approximately) a fifth of the size of Saudi Arabia. (a/b)
6 Saudi Arabia has an area (roughly) twenty-six times the area of Jordan. (×)

4 GRAMMAR: reported speech Hi again, everyone!

Continue Stella’s blog with a description of the When I wrote yesterday, I said that Azad had
visit to Azad’s family for dinner. Turn the pieces
of direct speech into reported speech. Choose invited Kate and me for dinner with his family
appropriate reporting verbs from the following. last night. Well, that was what happened, and we
had a really nice time. When we arrived, Azad’s
agree ask inquire invite offer mother invited us to sit down and make
remind reply say suggest tell thank ourselves comfortable, and his father asked
whether I had had a good flight from New
When they arrived … York. I replied that it had been a long flight,
Mrs Q Please sit down and make yourselves but that I had been able to get some sleep
comfortable.
on the way. Then Azad’s mother inquired
Mr Q Did you have a good flight from New
York, Stella? what I was planning to do in Kurdistan, and I
Stella It was a long flight, but everything went told her that when Kate finished work on
well, and I was able to get some sleep on
the way. Thursday, our plan was to take off and travel
Mrs Q What are you planning to do in round Kurdistan. Later, when it was time to
Kurdistan, Stella? leave, Kate and I thanked Azad’s parents for
Stella When Kate finishes work on Thursday,
our plan is to take off and travel round a wonderful evening, and his father
Kurdistan. suggested that we go and see them again
Later, when it was time to leave … soon / invited us to go and see them again
Stella / Thank you for a wonderful evening. soon. Then Azad reminded us that he was
Kate taking both of us to the exhibition the next
Mr Q Come and see us again soon. day, and he offered to come for us at 3.00
Azad Don’t forget that I’m taking both of you to
the exhibition tomorrow. I can come for
you at 3.00 if you like.

57
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

Literary Reader: Treasure

Island
Episode 1: The old sailor
A Add the correct thing or person from Episode 1.
1 Admiral Benbow : This was the inn where Jim lived with his parents.
2 Billy Bones, the captain : This was the old sailor who arrived one day and decided to stay.
3 The cliffs : This was where he went with his telescope to watch the ships.
4 Dr Livesey : This was the person who visited to help Jim’s father when he
became ill.
5 Black Dog : This was the man who came to see ‘my mate, Bill’ and later had a
sword fight with him.

B Dr Livesey, as a good magistrate, decided to write notes about the noisy, dangerous guest who
nearly attacked him at The Admiral Benbow. Complete the notes for him.

This man is usually the captain.

called
He is also Bill by his old shipmates.
called
General description, including clothing: Strong and heavy, with long hair
and an old blue coat. His hands are rough and black with dirt.

Details of scar and a long scar across one cheek; several tattoos
tattoos:
on his arm which read: ‘Here’s luck,’ ‘A fair wind,’ and ‘Billy Bones’.

Weapons: a knife and a sword

(Used the sword against Black Dog;
nearly attacked me with the knife. )
Health: Very ill, has had a stroke

due to rum.

58
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ LITERARY
READER

C Exam practice: Write a paragraph.

Dr Livesey had to write a report of events at The Admiral Benbow up to the captain’s death, and
this had to include a short description of the captain. Use your notes in B to write this description.
This man was usually called the captain, but he was also called Bill by his old shipmates. He
was strong and heavy, he had long hair and he wore an old blue coat. His hands were rough and
black with dirt. He had a long scar across one cheek, and he also had several tattoos on his arm
which read: ‘Here’s luck,’ ‘A fair wind,’ and ‘Billy Bones’. He carried two weapons – a knife and a
sword. He used the sword in a fight with a visitor called Black Dog, and also nearly attacked me
with the knife. This man was very ill, and he had a stroke after his fight with Black Dog. His bad
health was due to the large amounts of rum which he drank.

‫نموونهیی مێرگهسووری شههید فاخیر ئامادهیی‬

‫علی محمد دڵشاد كامال‬
‫ ئامادهكردنی‬:‫مامۆستا‬

‫ابراهیم عبدالقادر‬
D Match sentence parts 1–7 and a–g to start a summary.

1 The captain arrived with his sea-chest one day, … c

2 He seemed to like the bay and its cliffs … f
3 Back at the inn every evening, he used to drink and sing, and tell frightening stories … e
4 Jim realized that the captain was nervous about other sailors … a
5 While the captain was staying at The Admiral Benbow, Jim’s father became ill, … g
6 During one of these visits Dr Livesey refused to listen to a story by the captain, … d
7 One day, when the captain was out watching for ships, a horrible looking man called Black Dog
arrived … b
a … and that he was especially worried about a seaman who only had one leg.
b … and hid behind the door, waiting to surprise the captain on his return.
c … and he decided to stay at The Admiral Benbow.
d … who got very angry and nearly attacked him with a knife.
e … which he ordered everyone to hear in silence.
f … because it was quiet, and he could watch the ships out at sea.
g … so Dr Livesey came to look after him.
59
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 LITERARY ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
READER

E Match sentence parts 8–15 and h–o to complete the summary.

8 Later, Jim heard the two men talking quietly at first, … k
9 Although the captain won the fight and made Black Dog run away, … m
10 When Jim later went to see the captain as he was resting in bed, … h
11 The day after Jim’s father suddenly died, … i
12 Although he was very weak and getting weaker, … n
13 Several days later, when Jim was standing at the inn door, l (L)
…
14 The blind man put something into the frightened captain’s hand, … o
15 The captain looked down at the thing in his hand, cried out something about time, … j

h … the old seaman told him a little about his secret and the men who were looking for him.
i … the captain started coming downstairs again to drink and sing.
j … tried to stand up and then fell to the floor, dead.
k … but then the conversation turned first into an argument and then a sword fight.
l … another visitor, a horrible blind man, arrived and ordered the boy to take him to the captain.
m … he collapsed soon after that, and he was lucky that Dr Livesey was there to help him.
n … he sat there with his sword, ready for trouble.
o … and then he immediately left again.

F Work with a partner. Take turns to read out the whole summary, sentence by sentence.

60
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ LITERARY
READER

Episode 2: Everything changes at the inn

A Find the mistakes and write out the sentences correctly. (There are always two or more
mistakes.)
1 It was about seven o’clock when Jim found the key to the captain’s bedroom door on a piece of
string in his pocket.
It was about six o’clock when Jim found the key to the captain’s chest on a piece of string
around his neck.
2 Jim and his mother had counted all their money when they heard Black Dog downstairs as he
banged on a window and tried to get in.
Jim and his mother had counted about half their money when they heard the blind man
downstairs as he banged on the door and tried to get in.
3 After Pew and six or seven other men had run over the bridge to the inn, most of them stayed
outside while he went in, and he found first the chest and then the dead captain’s body.
After Pew and six or seven other men had run over the bridge to the inn, most of them went
inside while he stayed outside, and they found first the dead captain’s body and then the chest.
4 Pew could not see where he should go, and he was injured when he fell under one of his men’s
galloping horses.
Pew could not see where he should go, and he was killed when he fell under one of the law
officers’ galloping horses.
5 Jim and the others found the captain and carried him to the village, and there he recovered well
after a long while.
Jim and the others found his mother and carried her to the village, and there she
recovered well after a little while.
6 Jim told Mr Dance about the packet that he had taken from the captain’s coat pocket, and he said
that he wanted to get it to the squire.
Jim told Mr Dance about the packet that he had taken from the captain’s chest, and he said that
he wanted to get it to Dr Livesey.
7 The squire was having dinner at Dr Livesey’s house, and there Jim and Mr Dance found them
smoking their pipes in the dining-room.
The doctor was having dinner at the squire’s house, and there Jim and Mr Dance found them
smoking their pipes in the library.
8 When the squire opened the packet that Mr Dance had brought, they found two books and a
rolled-up map.
When the doctor opened the packet that Jim had brought, they found a book and a rolledup
map.
9 The map showed a big country and, on the back of it, there were details about how to find the
captain’s treasure there.
The map showed an island, and on the back of it, there were details about how to find Flint’s
treasure there.
10 The squire decided to lead a voyage from London to find the treasure, and the doctor agreed to go,
but he also told the squire to tell everyone about the map.
The squire decided to lead a voyage from Bristol to find the treasure, and the doctor
agreed to go, but he also told the squire to tell no one about the map.

61
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 LITERARY ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
READER

B Exam practice: Write a paragraph.

Give full answers to write a paragraph about the situation after the captain’s death.
Who did Jim tell about Pew’s visit and the captain’s sudden death as soon as she came? What was it hard
for them to decide then? On the one hand, who did Jim want to go and see? And what did he want to tell
him about? On the other hand, why didn’t he want to do that? Why were they also against staying
together at The Admiral Benbow? What did they therefore decide to do next? Then what did they plan to
do after that? Why did they want to do that?

As soon as Jim’s mother came, he told her about Pew and the captain’s sudden death. It was
hard for them to decide what to do then. On the one hand, Jim wanted to go and see Dr Livesey,
and he wanted to tell him about Flint’s crew and the captain’s death. On the other hand, he did not
want to do that because his mother would be left alone, and her safety was the most important
thing to him. They were also against staying together at The Admiral Benbow because it seemed
too dangerous. They therefore decided to go next to the nearest village to get help. Then they
planned to come back to the inn. They wanted to do that to open the captain’s chest and take the
money they were owed.

62
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ LITERARY
READER

Episode 3: The sea-cook

A Complete Dr Livesey’s notes about the ship.

Name: (the) Hispaniola

Weight: 200 tonnes
Bought by: Squire Trelawney
Where bought: Bristol
With the help of: (the squire’s old friend) Blandly
B Complete Dr Livesey’s notes about the new ship’s cook and the new captain. Use his own ideas
and all the other information available in Episode 3.

The ship’s cook

Name:Long John Silver
Owns and runs:The Spy-glass inn
in:Bristol
General description:Tall, strong, clean, with an
intelligent face. His left leg is cut off near the top, and he uses a
crutch.

What sort of person he seems to be:What sort of person he

seems to be: Pleasant, friendly, clever and honest

The captain
Name:Smollett Was found by:Blandly
Took the job under:sealed orders
What sort of person he seems to be:Serious, careful and honest. He says exactly what he thinks.

Things he told us he did not like: 1)The voyage

2)ship’s crew 3) The ship’s officer, Mr Arrow

63

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬

 LITERARY ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
READER

C Exam practice: Write two paragraphs.

Dr Livesey had to write a report about people who took part in the voyage. Use his notes in B to
write a paragraph each about the ship’s cook and the captain.
The ship’s cook
The ship’s cook was called Long John Silver. He owned and ran The Spy-glass inn in Bristol. He
was tall, strong and clean, and he had an intelligent face. His left leg was cut off near the top, and he
had to use a crutch. He seemed to be a pleasant, friendly, clever and honest sort of person.

The captain
The captain was called Smollett. He was found by Blandly, and he took the job under sealed
orders. He seemed to be a serious, careful and honest sort of person, and he said exactly what he
thought. He said he did not like the voyage, the ship’s crew or the ship’s officer, Mr Arrow.

D Answer the questions.

1 During the period before the Hispaniola sailed, where were
the squire, Dr Livesey and Jim Hawkins?
The squire was in Bristol, Dr Livesey was in London and
Jim stayed at the squire’s home.

2 What two things did the squire have to find during this
period, and who helped him to find each?
The squire had to find a ship and a crew, and his old
friend Blandly helped him to find the ship,Long
John Silver found most of the crew for him.

3 Why was Jim sure that Long John Silver could not be the frightening one-legged man who Bill, the
guest at The Admiral Benbow, had spoken about?
Jim felt sure Silver could not be the one-legged man Bill had talked about because he
seemed so friendly and honest. (pleasant and clean inn - keeper)

4 What did Smollett feel were, on the one hand, the good and, on the other hand, the very bad things
about Mr Arrow?
Smollett felt on the one hand that Mr Arrow was a good sailor and on the other hand that
he was too friendly with the crew to be a good officer.

64
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ LITERARY
READER

5 What did members of the crew know about the aim of the voyage that Smollett did now know, and
how did he feel about this?
Members of the crew knew that the aim was to find treasure, and he was not happy that
they knew something that he had not been told.

6 Why did Smollett want all the weapons to be kept near the squire and the people who seemed
reliable at the stern of the ship?
He was not happy with the crew, and he wanted to make sure that the ship, the squire and
his people would be safe from them.

:‫ئامادهكردنی مامۆستا‬
‫دڵشاد محمد علی‬
‫عبدالقادر ابراهیم كامال‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

65
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 LITERARY ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
READER

Episode 4: The voyage

A Add the missing words to the summary of Episode 4, Section 1: The voyage begins.
Everyone worked hard all (1) night to get the ship ready to leave Bristol early the
next morning. When the time came, the sailors called for (2) Long John Silver to sing as
they lifted the heavy ship’s (3) anchor . The song made Jim remember how the old
(4) captain used to sing back at (5) the Admiral Benbow.
The voyage appeared to go quite well at first. The (6) Hispaniola was a good ship, the
crew were (7) experienced , and Captain Smollett (8) knew how to do his
job well. There was only one man who was a problem – (9) Mr. Arrow , but he disappeared
one dark, stormy (10) night , and it seemed that he must have fallen into the sea.
Even though Long John Silver only had one (11) leg , he was able to get around
amazingly well. He was also friendly with everyone, including Jim, and he often invited the cabin boy
into his (12) galley . In there, he kept his parrot, called (13) Captain Flint ,
and this bird used to keep repeating the words (14) Pieces of eight . Silver explained that the
parrot had learned these words when a huge (15) amount of these coins had been pulled
up from the seabed.

B Complete these statements about Episode 4, Sections 2 and 3. Tick (✓) a, b or c.

1 Jim Hawkins climbed into the barrel on deck
a to have a sleep.
b to listen to Long John Silver and the others.
c to get himself an apple to eat. ✓

2 Israel Hands and Long John Silver disagreed about

a the idea of taking the treasure from the squire and the others.
b when to take the ship from the squire and the others. b
c whether to kill the squire and the others afterwards.

66
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ LITERARY
READER

3 When Smollett showed Long John Silver the map, he asked him to say
a where he had once landed for supplies and water many years before. a
b where the treasure was buried.
c where he had once hidden some supplies years before.

4 After Jim had told the others what he had heard in the barrel, they guessed that
a there might be nearly four times more people against them than there were for them.
b the other side could have nearly 80% of everyone on board the ship.
c Long John Silver might have nearly three quarters of everyone on board on his side. c

5 Captain Smollett said that they should attack the pirates

a and then turn back to England.
b only when they had found out which sailors were for the pirates and which were not. b
c only after they had found the treasure.

C Exam practice: Write two paragraphs.

Give full answers to summarise things we learn from the conversation that Jim hears by accident.
Through the apple barrel episode, what do we discover that Long John Silver really is? By talking to
young Dick, what is the older man persuading him to do? Who else does he talk to after this and what do
we learn about this man?
When Silver talks to Dick about money, how does he show that he is different from the other men?
From this, do we realize that he is much more or much less clever than the others? What does he say
about his future plans after they take the treasure?

Long John Silver and his future plans

Through the apple barrel incident,we discover that Long John Silver is really a pirate and the
one who looked after supplies for Flint. By talking to young Dick, he is persuading him to join the
pirate group on the Hispaniola. After this, Silver also talks to the coxswain, Israel Hands, and we
learn that this man is also a pirate. When Silver talks to Dick about money, he shows that he is
different from the other men because he saves his money whereas the others quickly spend all
theirs. From this, we realize that he is much more clever than the others. And with his money, he
plans to live somewhere quietly with his wife for the rest of his life.

:‫ئامادهكردنی مامۆستا‬
‫دڵشاد محمد علی‬
‫عبدالقادر ابراهیم كامال‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

67
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 LITERARY ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
READER

Episode 5: We arrive at the island

A Match sentence parts 1–7 and a–g to start a summary of sections 1 and 2.
1 after / Hispaniola (reach) / island / next morning, e
2 men (be) clearly close / mutiny, g
3 Smollett (decide) Silver / most / crew should go ashore f
4 Jim (decide) to drop quietly into one / pirates’ boats, but Silver (see) him, d
5 when Jim later (hear) voices, / quietly (move) closer, a
6 (see) that Silver (try) / persuade Tom / join / pirates, c
7 then Silver (blow) / whistle, and Jim (guess) that he (call) / men, b

a and / (see) that it (be) Silver / one / crew (call) Tom

b and so / (run) back through / woods / save his own life
c and when Tom (refuse), Silver cruelly (kill) / poor man
d so when / boats (reach) / beach, / boy (jump) out / (run) into / woods for safety
e crew (stop) following orders properly / (start) grumbling
f because Silver (tell) / men / work properly to hide / secret plan
g and so we (have) / meeting / cabin / decide what to do
B Write out the complete summary, expanding as necessary and putting the verbs in the correct
forms.
After the Hispaniola reached the island the next morning, the crew stopped following orders
properly and started grumbling. The men were clearly close to mutiny, and so we had a
meeting
in the cabin to decide what to do. Smollett decide that Silver and most of the crew should go ashore
because Silver would tell the men to work properly to hide his secret plan. Jim decided to drop quietly
into one of the pirates’ boats, but Silver saw him, so when the boats reached the beach, the boy
jumped out and ran into the woods for safety. When Jim later heard voices, he quietly moved
closer, and he saw that it was Silver and one of the crew called Tom. He saw that Silver was trying to
persuade Tom to join the pirates, and when Tom refused, Silver cruelly killed the poor man. Then
Silver blew his whistle, and Jim guessed that he was calling his men, and so he ran back through
the woods to save his own life.

C Work with a partner. Take turns to read out the whole summary, sentence by sentence.

68

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬

‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ LITERARY
READER

D Exam practice: Write three paragraphs.

Tell the story of Ben Gunn and Treasure Island in three short paragraphs.
1 Expand the sentence parts and put them in the correct order to form topic sentences for each
paragraph.
t PO / TFDPOE WJTJU / 5SFBTVSF *TMBOE, / #.(. (CF) PO / EJĉFSFOU TIJQ / (QFSTVBEF) / DSFX / IFMQ IJN MPPL
for / treasure
t JO / UISFF ZFBST GSPN UIFO VOUJM OPX, / (MJWF) BMPOF, BOE / (IBWF) POMZ / UP FBU / BMM UIBU UJNF
t #.(. mSTU (DPNF) / 5SFBTVSF *TMBOE NBOZ ZFBST BHP XIFO / (CF) / NFNCFS PG $BQUBJO 'MJOU'T DSFX
2 Write out the first topic sentence below, and then add information to complete the first
paragraph. Write about:
t PUIFS NFNCFST PG UIF
DSFX t XIBU IBQQFOFE PO UIF
JTMBOE
3 Write out the second topic sentence below, and then add information to complete the second
paragraph. Write about:
t XIBU IBQQFOFE PO UIF JTMBOE EVSJOH UIF mSTU UXFMWF
EBZT t XIBU IBQQFOFE BGUFS UIBU
4 Write out the third topic sentence below, and then add information to complete the third
paragraph. Write about:
t XIBU #.(. TFFNT UP IBWF GPVOE EVSJOH UIFTF ZFBST, BOE IPX XF LOPX
UIJT t XIBU IF JT GSJHIUFOFE BCPVU XIFO IF mSTU TFFT +JN
t XIBU IF QSPNJTFT UP HJWF +JN, BOE
XIZ t IPX IF IPQFT UP MFBWF 5.*. GPS
FWFS
Ben Gunn and Treasure Island
Ben Gunn first came to Treasure Island many years ago when he was a member of Captain
Flint’s crew. At that time, Billy Bones was the ship’s mate and Long John Silver looked after the
ship’s supplies. Flint took six strong sailors to the island to help bury the treasure, but he came
back alone. He had killed them all. On his second visit to Treasure Island, Ben Gunn was on a
different ship, and he persuaded the crew to help him look for the treasure. During the next twelve
days they looked for the treasure, but they found nothing. After that, the other crew members
angrily left him on the island with just a gun, a pickaxe and a spade, and they told him to find the
treasure himself. In the three years from then until now, he has lived alone, and he has had only
goats, berries and fish to eat for all that time. During these years, he seems to have found Flint’s
treasure because he says that he is rich. When he first sees Jim, he is frightened that Flint’s ship
has returned. He promises to give Jim some of his treasure because the boy is the first to find him.
He hopes the squire will want his help and will let him leave Treasure Island forever on the Hispaniola.

69
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 LITERARY ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬
READER

Episode 6: The stockade

A Find the mistakes and write out the sentences correctly. (There are always three or more
mistakes.)
1 The doctor and Redruth took two boats and landed far to the right of the pirates’ boat, and not far
from a stockade which they had seen from the ship.
The doctor and Hunter took a boat and landed far to the left of the pirates’ boat, and not far
from a stockade which they had seen on the treasure map.

2 After a quick return to the beach, the doctor and the others loaded his seaman’s chest, some food
supplies, some swords and some gun powder to take to the stockade.
After a quick return to the ship, the doctor and the others loaded his medicine chest, some
food supplies, some muskets and some gun powder to take to the stockade.

3 On the boat’s fourth and final trip to the shore, the squire, the doctor, Captain Smollett and three
others took with them various supplies. Silver and the other five men they trusted were left behind
on the ship.
On the boat’s fifth and final trip to the shore, the squire, the doctor, Captain Smollett and
two others took with them various supplies. Israel Hands and the other four men they
did not trust were left behind on the ship.

4 With its heavy load, the boat was low in the water, so when a musket shot from the Hispaniola
fell right on it, it began to sink, and everyone had to swim to the beach, leaving all their supplies
underwater.
With its heavy load, the boat was low in the water, so when a cannon shot from the Hispaniola
fell right by it, it began to sink, and everyone had to walk to the beach, leaving half their supplies
underwater.

5 Grey and Hunter got the rest of the supplies at low tide, so then everyone inside the stockade had
enough food for only eight days – and they could not hope for Blandy’s rescue ship to arrive for
several weeks.
The mutineers got the rest of the supplies at low tide, so then everyone inside the stockade
had enough food for only ten days – and they could not hope for Blandy’s rescue ship to
arrive for several months.

6 As Jim returned to his friends with Ben Gunn’s request for a meeting with Captain Smollett, the young
cabin-boy saw the Jolly Roger flying above the stockade and Captain Smollett’s flag flying from the
ship’s mast.
As Jim returned to his friends with Ben Gunn’s request for a meeting with the squire, the
young cabin-boy saw Captain Smollett’s flag flying above the stockade and the Jolly Roger
flying from the ship’s mast.

70
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ LITERARY
READER

7 After Jim’s return to the ship, he slept long and deep, and he was finally woken up next afternoon
by the sound of birds in the trees and the pirates’ request for a peace meeting with Silver, who now
called himself ‘Admiral’.
After Jim’s return to the stockade, he slept long and deep, and he was finally woken up
next morning by the sound of voices and the pirates’ request for a peace meeting with Silver,
who now called himself ‘Captain’.
8 Silver threw his hat over the stockade fence, came through the gate in the fence, and then he offered
to exchange the lives of everyone outside for some food, but the squire offered instead a fair trial for
all the pirates back in England.
Silver threw his crutch over the stockade fence, climbed over the fence, and then he offered to
exchange the lives of everyone inside for the map, but the squire offered instead a fair trial
for all the pirates back in England.
9 Angrily, Silver said that the lucky ones would be the ones who died in the coming fight. While he was
leaving, everyone prepared swords for the pirate attack which followed two hours later and which left
many dead and badly hurt.
Angrily, Silver said that the lucky ones would be the ones who died in the coming fight. After
he had left, everyone prepared muskets for the pirate attack which followed an hour later
and which left many dead and badly hurt.

B Exam practice: Write a short essay.

1 Take the part of Dr Livesey and write notes about the friends’ situation at the end of the fight.
List points in their favour and points in the pirates’ favour.
t NPSF/GFXFS QFPQMF, DPOUSPM PG UIF TUPDLBEF/UIF SFTU PG UIF JTMBOE/UIF TIJQ:
* Us: fewer people; control of the stockade
Them: more people; control of the rest of the island and the ship

t XFBQPOT PO CPUI TJEFT:

* Us: muskets, swords
Them: muskets, ship’s cannon
t TVQQMJFT PO CPUI TJEFT o JODMVEJOH GPPE GPS UIF GSJFOET UP TVSWJWF GPS IPX MPOH; IPX MPOH CFGPSF B
rescue ship can arrive:
* Us: only the supplies in the stockade, including food for just ten days
Them: all the ship’s supplies Months before a rescue ship can arrive

2 Use these sentence parts to write the doctor’s introductory paragraph on the next page.
following / terrible fight / stockade, / (seem) / good time to consider / situation in detail. Here (be) some
/ points in our favour / points against us

3 Use your notes from 1 to write three more short paragraphs about the situation on the next
page.

71
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

4 Write your conclusion starting as shown below, and then finish with your own answers to these
questions.
t "SF UIF EBOHFST HSFBUFS UIBO / MFTT HSFBU UIBO UIF QPJOUT JO ZPVS GBWPVS
t %P ZPV CFMJFWF UIBU ZPVS GSJFOET BOE ZPV XJMM TVSWJWF BOE SFUVSO IPNF TBGFMZ, PS EP ZPV UIJOL UIBU
your friends and you will be killed and will never leave Treasure Island alive?

Our situation at the end of the fight

Following our terrible fight at the stockade, this seems a good time to consider our situation

in detail. Here are some of the points in our favour, as well as some of the points against us.

We have fewer people, but at least we have control of the stockade. However, the pirates

have more people, and they have control of the rest of the island as well as the ship. On our

side, we have muskets and swords. On theirs, they have muskets too, and they also have the

ship’s

cannon. We have only the supplies here in the stockade, including food for just ten days. However,

they have all the ship’s supplies. In addition to this, it will be months before a rescue ship can

arrive.

After considering our situation from different points of view, I feel that the dangers are
greater than the points in our favour. I believe that my friends and I will be killed and will never
leave Treasure Island alive.

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬

‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬ ‫‪LITERARY‬‬
‫‪READER‬‬

‫‪72‬‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

Episode 7: My sea adventure

A Complete these statements about Episode 7, Sections 1 and 2. Tick (✓) a, b or c.
1 Jim left the stockade
a soon after the doctor had left.
b at the end of the afternoon. ✓
c soon after it had got dark.

2 The doctor and Jim

a both took weapons with them when they left the stockade. a
b told the others where they planned to go.
c went to get away from the dead bodies.

3 Before Jim left the stockade, his plan was

a to cut the Hispaniola free.

‫نموونهیی مێرگهسووری شههید فاخیر ئامادهیی‬

b to get Ben Gunn’s boat and sail out to the ship.
just to find Ben Gunn’s boat. c

‫علی محمد دڵشاد كامال‬

c

‫ ئامادهكردنی‬:‫مامۆستا‬

‫ابراهیم عبدالقادر‬
4 Jim sailed the boat out to the Hispaniola
a so as to take it and keep it somewhere safe from the pirates.
b so that he could cut the anchor rope and get on board.
c in order to let the ship go and stop the pirates from using it. c

5 When Jim cut the rope, the ship and the boat started moving
a in opposite directions along the coast.
b straight out to sea, away from the island.
c in roughly the same direction along the line of the shore. c

6 When Jim saw the Hispaniola again next morning,

a he wanted to stop the ship from hitting the rocky shore.
b he had the idea of getting the ship back from the pirates. b
c he realized that there was no one on board.

73
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

B Add the missing words to the summary of Episode 7, Sections 3 and 4.

After Jim had climbed on board the (1) ship / Hispaniola , he found two men who both seemed
(2) dead . Jim was thinking that they must have killed each other, but then one of
them – (3) Israel Hands – moved and asked for some brandy.
Jim found some brandy for the pirate, gave it to him, and then told the man that he, Jim Hawkins, was
now in charge.
Both Jim and Hands now wanted to beach the (4) ship / Hispaniola somewhere safe, but Jim
did not know how to sail the ship and Hands was not strong enough to do the job. Instead, he offered to
tell the boy what to do, and soon Jim was (5) bringing / sailing the ship into the safety of the
(6) North Inlet .
Just before the Hispaniola beached, Jim turned to find Hands standing with a (7) knife
in his hand, ready to kill him. He came towards Jim, but Jim quickly moved to avoid the attack. And then
the ship hit the shore violently and fell to one (8) side , throwing both man and
boy to the (9) deck . Jim quickly got up, ran to the nearest (10) mast
and started climbing up. When he was high up, he stopped to load his (11) pistols .
But Hands was following fast. Then he too stopped as he (12) threw the knife and hit Jim
in the (13) shoulder . Despite this, Jim was able to fire both guns, and Hands fell into the
(14) water with a cry.
Finding that he was not badly hurt, Jim threw the other dead man into the water, too. Then, leaving the
ship as safe as he could, he started walking back as fast as possible to the (15) stocade
to tell his friends everything that had happened.
He finally got there late at (16) night , and he was happy to hear loud snoring as his
friends slept inside. But then, going in through the (17) gate , he was surprised to hear
a strange voice calling out, ‘Pieces of eight! Pieces of eight!’ It was the (18) parrot ,
Captain Flint!
There was no time to do anything: in a moment, the pirates were awake, and they quickly caught Jim.
There was no escape!

74
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

C Exam practice: Write a short, imaginative essay.

Imagine yourself, as Jim, asleep in the boat. Describe your dreams about home and events at
The Admiral Benbow. Describe three of the events – strange, frightening or sad – that you
remember most clearly.
Write a short paragraph about each.

My dreams about home and events at The Admiral Benbow

After I had fallen asleep, I soon started dreaming abouthome and things that had happened
at the Admiral Benbow. First, I dreamed about the day that Black Dog arrived. In my dream, I
heard the captain and the visitor start shouting and then I saw the frightening sword fight again.
Later, I dreamed about the sad time when my father became ill and then died. In my dream, my
mother and I were holding each other and crying together. After that, I had a terrible dream
about the night when my mother and I opened the dead captain’s chest to take the money that
we were owed. I dreamed that Pew and his men were coming to catch us and kill us and that we
could not get away. I was really frightened! Then I woke up, and I was very happy to find that I
was still alive – although I was certainly still in a dangerous situation in my little boat out on the
open sea.

75
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

Episode 8: Captain Silver

A Answer the questions about Sections 1–3.
1 When Jim wrote, ‘So, my friends were alive.’ what did he mean?
Jim meant that he now knew from the way Silver had just spoken that his friends were alive.

2 The pirates went outside to discuss someone, and to decided whether to do something. Who, and
what?
They went outside to discuss Silver, and to decide whether to get rid of him as their leader.

3 Why did Silver think that Jim was more useful alive than dead?
He thought that Jim could speak for him and save him from being hanged.

4 How did Silver change his men’s minds and make them support him again? (Make two points.)
He showed them that they were the ones who had stupidly lost the ship and that he was the
one who had cleverly got the treasure map.
5 Why did the doctor come to the stockade the next morning?
5He came to the stockade the next morning in order to look after the injuries of two of the sailors.
6 What was Silver most worried about, and how did he ask the doctor to help him?
Most of all, Silver was worried that he would be hanged, and he asked the doctor to say a good
word about him.
7 How did the doctor feel about Jim’s recent actions – a) before he heard the boy’s explanation, and
b) after he heard it?
Before he heard Jim’s explanation, the doctor felt that the boy had been very cowardly to
leave Smollett. However, after he heard it, he felt that the boy had saved all their lives.

76

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬

‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

B Match sentence parts 1–9 and a–i to start a summary of sections 4–6.
1 when / pirates (go) up / hill to find / treasure, d
2 pirates (be) frightened first to find / skeleton b
3 they (become) very excited as / (get) near / treasure site, but f
shock (change) to anger and / (turn) to kill Silver / Jim, but c

‫نموونهیی مێرگهسووری شههید فاخیر ئامادهیی‬

4
5 during their return to / boats, / doctor (explain) everything and Jim (learn) i

‫علی محمد دڵشاد كامال‬

6 after (destroy) one boat / and (row) / other along / coast to / cave, a

‫ ئامادهكردنی‬:‫مامۆستا‬
squire (not want) to accept Silver, but by the evening that terrible pirate h

‫ابراهیم عبدالقادر‬
7
8 it (take) days (load) all / treasure / Hispaniola, but then they (be) ready: g
9 when / reach Mexico, Long John Silver (disappear) with / bag / coins e
a they (join) / squire / Captain Smollett – and there of course (be) / treasure, too
b and then to hear what they (think) was / sound of / ghost singing
c then musket shots (hit) two / them and / other three quickly (run) away
d Long John Silver (tie) Jim with some rope / (make) him follow
e and / others (sail) away / England with all the rest / treasure
f when / (reach) it all they (find) was / large, empty hole
g (leave) some supplies for / three pirates, and / (sail) away from Treasure Island for ever
h (turn) himself back into / same friendly seaman he (seem) to be / Bristol long before
i that Ben Gunn (find) and (move) / treasure to / secret cave long before
C Write out the complete summary, expanding as necessary and putting the verbs in the correct
forms.
When the pirates went up the hill to find the treasure, Long John Silver tied Jim with some rope
and made him follow. The pirates were frightene first to find a skeleton and then to hear what they
thought was the sound of a ghost singing. They became very excited as they got near the treasure
site, but when they reached it, all they found was a large, empty hole. Shock changed to anger and
they turned to kill Silver and Jim, but then musket shots hit two of them and the other three quickly
ran away. During their return to the boats, the doctor explained everything and Jim learned that
Ben Gunn had found and moved the treasure to a secret cave long before. After they had destroyed
one boat and rowed the other along the coast to the cave, they joined the squire and Captain
Smollett – and there of course was the treasure, too. The squire did not want to accept Silver, but
by the evening that terrible pirate had turned himself back into the same friendly seaman he had
seemed to be in Bristol long before. It took days to load all the treasure on the Hispaniola, but then
they were ready: they left some supplies for the three pirates, and they sailed away from Treasure
Island forever. When they reached Mexico, Long John Silver disappeared with a bag of coins and the
others sailed away to England with all the rest of the treasure.

77
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

D Interpret the text.

1 How did Jim react in Section 1 when Long John Silver told him he had the treasure map, and what
did Jim probably think then?
When Silver told him that he had the map, Jim’s mouth fell open, and he probably thought that
the pirates had won the fight for the treasure.
2 What do we learn in Section 5 that shows why the doctor was happy to give the map to Silver?
In Section 5 we learn that the doctor was happy to give the map to Silver because Ben Gunn
had already moved all the treasure away to a cave on the other side of the island.

3 What did the doctor mean in Section 3 when he told Silver to expect trouble?
When the doctor told Silver to expect trouble, he meant that the pirates would find just an
empty hole instead of the treasure, and that the other men would be very angry with their
leader, Silver.

E Exam practice: Write a short, imaginative narrative.

In Episode 6, Dr Livesey tells part of the story. Now do the same for the time after he leaves the
stockade at the start of Episode 7. Imagine and tell the doctor’s story of his journey to find and
talk to Ben Gunn. When you narrate their conversation, use a mixture of direct and reported
speech.
What happened after I left the stockade
After eating lunch, I picked up two pistols, a musket, a sword and the treasure map
and walked quickly into the woods to the north. After nearly an hour, I saw something between
the trees. It was dark and strange and bent over: it was Ben Gunn! ‘Ben Gunn!’ I called. ‘I’m Jim ’s
friend, Dr Livesey. Please come out and let’s talk.’ Slowly, Ben Gunn nervously appeared. ‘Are you
really not one of Flint’s men?’ he asked. ‘No, certainly not,’ I replied. ‘We’re fighting for our lives
against them.’ ‘Well,’ he asked, ‘if I help you, will you help me to get away from this terrible islan d
forever?’ I promised that we would very happily help him and said that we needed all the help that
we could get. I explained that the pirates wanted to take the map, find the treasure and kill all of us.
‘Well, even if they get the map, that won’t help them,’ the castaway said with a sudden laugh.
‘Why’s that?’ I asked, and Ben Gunn told me his story. He had found the treasure, he explained,
and little by little he had carried it to a secret cave on the other side of the island. At first, I could
not believe the man, but he told me that it was all completely true, and he asked me to go with
him
and see. Together, we climbed Spy-glass Hill, and Ben showed me a large hole at the top. ‘That’s
where the treasure was,’ he said, and then he invited me to go on with him again – this time to the
cave. It was a long way, and it was early evening before we got there. However, my journey had
a happy end. There, deep in the dark cave, the treasure shone gold in the last light of the sun. It
was a wonderful sight! I began to think that we could perhaps win against Long John Silver and
the pirates. ‘If we can get the ship back,’ I thought, ‘we might be able to get away from Treasure
Island alive – and with the treasure too!’

78
‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

‫‪79‬‬
‫م‪ /‬عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬ ‫و‬ ‫ئا‪ .‬م‪ /‬دڵشاد محمد علی‬
 ‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

Macmillan Education
Between Towns Road, Oxford OX4 3PP
A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
Companies and representatives throughout the world

ISBN 978-0-2307-2761-8

Text © Mike Macfarlane 2011

Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011

First published 2011

All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers.

Design and layout by Zed

Illustrated by Juliet Breese pp. 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 26, 28, 31, 32, 33,
34, 36, 38, 41, 42, 44, 46, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56; Wes Lowe pp. 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 72,
73, 74, 75, 76, 79; Oxford Illustrators pp. 18, 21, 30; David Till p. 22; Zed pp. 8, 34, 37, 39
The author and publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce
their photographs: Corbis/Aerial Focus p12, Corbis/ Homer Sykes p21; Getty/ Fuse p54.

Cover design by Wild Apple Design

The authors and publisher would like to thank the following people for their invaluable
advice, contribution and support in the writing of this work for use in schools in the
Kurdistan Region:
Content Supervision:
Curriculum Department – Ministry of Education – KRG Mrs
Nasreen Anwar Rashid
English Language Development and Evaluation Committee.
Kurdish Pages Translation:
Mr Shaswar Kamal Mahmud

Printed and bound in Lebanon

:‫ئامادهكردنی مامۆستا‬

2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 ‫دڵشاد محمد علی‬

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
‫عبدالقادر ابراهیم كامال‬
‫ئامادهیی شههید فاخیر مێرگهسووری نموونهیی‬

‫ عبدالقادر ابراهيم كامال‬/‫م‬ ‫و‬ ‫ دڵشاد محمد علی‬/‫ م‬.‫ئا‬