Meth Chemistry and

the NIOSH Guide

 METH CHEMICAL NIOSH
PAGE
Acetone 3
Ammonia 15
Coleman Fuel 246
Ethyl Alcohol 132
Ethyl Ether 140
 Steps in the Production of
Meth
Extraction Cook No pH Add Salt-Out
Nazi Balance Solvent HCl bulbed
thru meth oil

Dissolve in Ephedrine + Already a Add solvent Salt + sulfuric

Heat Lithium + Base (coleman fuel Acid(liquid
(methanol), Liquified or freon) fire) = HCI
Hydrocarbon, ammonia = gas[gas gen]
Or Solvents. Meth Oil
Then Filter
HI/Red P Extraction Cook pH Add Salt-Out
Balance Solvent HCl bulbed
thru meth oil

Dissolve in Ephedrine + Add NaOH or Add solvent Salt + sulfuric

Heat I2 crystals + Lye(draino) (coleman fuel Acid(liquid
(methanol), Red to get base or freon) fire) = HCI
Hydrocarbon, Phosphorous solution gas[gas gen]
Or Solvents. + water =
Then Filter Meth Oil
 Objectives
• Identify basic properties of atoms / elements
• Associate general hazards with chemical
families
• Classify compounds as organic or inorganic
• Identify and associate material in the NIOSH
guide with chemicals found at meth labs
• Associate specific hazards with chemicals
found at Meth labs
 Introduction
• All compounds have chemical
and physical properties which
will determine their behavior in
their environment
• All forms of matter, solids,
liquids and gasses, are found at
meth labs
• Understanding the chemical
hazard and the physical property
of the chemical enables you to
protect yourself from it
• Chemistry is the study of the
behavior of matter
 States of Matter

• Solids • Gases
• Non-volitile • No fixed volume
• Fixed volume • Liquids or shape
and shape • Fixed volume, but • Compressible
• Non- not a fixed shape
compressible • Volatile • Examples
• Examples • Examples • Ammonia
• Red • Ether • Phospine
Phosphorous • Sulfuric Acid • Hydrogen
• Salt • Gasoline Chloride
• Iodine • Mercury • Methylamine
 Effect of Temperature

SOLID

Sublimation Freezing
Condensation Melting

Boiling
GAS LIQUID
Condensation

*Red arrow indicates an increase in temperature

*Blue arrow indicates a decrease in temperature
 Meth Chemical Building
Blocks

Atoms
Elements
Molecules
Compounds
Mixtures
 Parts of an Atom Electrons

Protons

Atom – Smallest individual Shells

components of elements
Neutrons
Atoms strive to be neutral +

Nucleus - center of the atom

Nucleus
Protons - positively charged
particles in the nucleus
Neutrons - neutrally charged
particles in the nucleus

Outer Shell
Electrons - negatively charged particles orbiting
the nucleus
 Elements
• 118 Basic Elements
• Smallest indivisible
constituent of a
mixture
• Cannot be further
separated**
• Arranged on the
Periodic Chart
 The Periodic Table
1
metals 1 2

H H He
1.008
3 4
non-metals 5 6 7 8
1.007
9
4.0026
10

Li
6.941
Be
9.012
noble gases 10.811
B C
12.0107 14.00
N O
15.9994
F
18.9984
Ne
20.1797
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.9897 24.3050 26.9815 28.0855 30.9737 32.066 35.4527 39.948
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.0983 40.078 44.9559 47.867 50.9415 51.9961 54.938 55.845 58.9332 58.6934 63.546 65.39 69.723 72.61 74.921 78.96 79.904 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.4678 87.62 88.9058 91.224 92.906 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.905 106.42 107.868 112.411 114.818 118.710 121.760 127.60 126.904 131.29
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.905 137.327 138.90 178.49 180.947 183.84 186.207 190.23 192.217 195.078 196.966 200.59 204.383 207.2 208.980 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266)

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.116 140.90765 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.964 157.25 158.92534 162.50 164.93032 167.26 168.93421 173.04 174.967
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0381 231.03588 238.0289 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)
 The Periodic Table
The size and weight of the atoms can be determined by their
relative position on the table.

• The largest elements, and most reactive metals, are toward

the bottom left
• Smallest, and most reactive non-metals, are near the upper
1 7 8
right 2 3 4 5 6 Smaller
• Similarly, lighter
elements are found Non-Metals
toward the top of Metals

the table and heavier

elements are located Heavier

near the bottom Heavier

 Element Properties
Atomic number - the number of protons in the
nucleus
Atomic weight - is the total mass of the atom it is
the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Elements are chemically stable when there are 8

electrons in the outer shell

6 Atomic No.

C Element Symbol

12.0 01 Atomic Weight

 Molecules and Compounds
• Smallest indivisible • Smallest easily
components of a divisible component
compound of a mixture
• Molecules consist of • Displays consistent
multiple atoms properties
• Molecules may (flammable, toxic,
include atoms of one reactive etc…)
or more elements
 Basic Classes of
Compounds
Organics Inorganics
• Contains Carbon • Don’t contain
and Hydrogen Carbon
• Natural or Synthetic • Natural or synthetic
• Flammable and toxic • Usually doesn’t burn
• Often toxic
• Solid, liquid or gas
• Usually water soluble
• Don’t conduct
• Often conduct
electricity electricity
 Mixtures and Formulas
• Solution that is easily • Chemical formulas
separated describe the ratio of
• Monogeneous Vs. atoms in a molecule
Heterogeneous • Subscripts denote
• Properties vary relative abundance
depending on ratios • Examples
of constituents • CH3OH (Methyl Alcohol)
• HCl (Hydrogen
• Examples Chloride)
• Gasoline
• Coleman Fuel
Inorganics

Chemical compounds
that do NOT contain
carbon and hydrogen
in their structure.
 Organics
Chemical compounds
that DO contain carbon
and hydrogen in their
atomic structure.
 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Distinct group of
hydrocarbons with
very different
structures than other
hydocarbon groups.
 Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Benzene Ring:
Backbone of aromatic
hydrocarbons - very
stable.
Examples:
Benzene
Toluene
Xylene
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA)
Categories of Hazardous Materials/Wastes
Flammable
(Ignitable)
Reactive

FLAMMABLE

3
1050
2
Corrosive Toxic
 Flammable

• Liquid with a flash point of 140oF (60oC)

• Not a liquid and capable under normal
conditions of causing fire through
friction, adsorption of moisture or
spontaneous chemical changes, and when
ignited, burn vigorously and persistently;
or
• Ignitable compressed gases and oxidizers,
as identified by DOT (49 CFR 173)
 Flammable

Organics Inorganics
• Coleman Fuel • Phosphine
• Propane • Ammonia
• Methyl Alcohol • Hydrogen
• Ethyl Alcohol
• Isopropyl Alcohol
• Ether
• Acetone
 Corrosives
ACIDS BASES
Hydriodic Acid (HI) • Sodium Chloride
Hydrochloric Acid (NaCl)
(HCl) • Ammonium
Hydrogen Chloride Hydroxide (NH4OH)
Gas (HCl) • Anhydrous
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) Ammonia (NH3)
Nitric Acid (HNO3) • Calcium Hydroxide
Acetic Acid (Ca(OH)2
(CH3COOH)
 Corrosive Reactions
• Acids typically corrode metals producing
flammable hydrogen gas
• Acids and bases destroy human tissue
• Acids react with bases to produce heat
and gases
 pH of Common Items
14.0 Sodium Hydroxide
CAUSTIC 12.5 RCRA haz. waste
BASIC 12.0 Household ammonia
ALKALINE 10.0 Detergents and Baking Soda
8.0 Seawater
7.4 Blood
NEUTRAL 7.0 Pure water
6.0 Rain
4.0 Beer
3.0 Orange juice, vinegar, wine, acid rain
ACIDIC 2.0 RCRA haz. waste/lemon juice, stomach acid
1.0 Strong acids, HCl
0.0 Very acidic
 WHAT IS pH?
• Measure of acid or
base concentration
• An acid with a pH of
1 is 10 times more
concentrated than an
acid with a pH of 2
• A base with a pH of
14 is 10 times more
concentrated than a
base with a pH of 13
 Relation of pH with dilution
• Dilution of 1 gallon of a solution of pH=3 to
pH=7 would require 10 000 gallons of water

 pH 3 to pH 4: 10 gallons
 pH 4 to pH 5: 100 gallons
 pH 5 to pH 6: 1000 gallons
 pH 6 to pH 7: 10 000 gallons

• NOT A PRACTICAL SOLUTION

 CORROSIVE CONCENTRATION
TERMINOLOGY
A. ANHYDROUS, GLACIAL, FUMING
(NO WATER)

B. CONCENTRATION  35%-98%
(WATER SOLUTION)

C. DILUTE  10% OR LESS

If spill or release is outside, the acid or base becomes more

concentrated as the water evaporates.
HAZWOPER for Clandestine
Meth Lab Law Enforcement

Please complete
day one evaluation
 REACTIVES
• Normally unstable-reacts violently
• Mixes with water to form toxic or flammable
gases
• Capable of detonation at STP or if heated in
confinement
• Contains cyanide or sulfide and generates
toxic gases, vapors, or corrosive fumes
 Reactives
• Oxidizers/ Oxidizing
• Lithium (Li) Potential
• Will spontaneously evolve
• Sodium (Na) oxygen
• Ammonium Nitrate
• Potassium (K) • Reducers (solvents)
• React with oxidizers (often
• Calcium (Ca) violently)

• Magnesium (Mg) • Unstable materials

• Peroxides (decompose
• Phosphorus (P) (Red, oxygen)
• Ethers (form peroxides when
Yellow, White decomposing)
• Monomers (polymerize)
 Toxic
• Iodine (I)
Poisonous: chemicals
• Ephedrine (HCl or Sulfate that are highly toxic to
salts)
humans and animals
• Psuedo-ephedrine
• Phosgene (COCl2)
• Phosphine (PH3)
Who is the sign for? The tank or the cars?
 NIOSH Guide Introduction
September 2005 Edition
• How To (Front)
• Tables 1 – 6 (Front)
• Appendices A – G
(Back)
• Indices - CAS, DOT,
Synonym and Trade
Names (Back)
Ammonia (1) Formula: (2) CAS#: (3) RTECS: (4) IDLH: (5)
NH3 7664-41-7 BO0875000 300 ppm
Conversion: 1 ppm = 0.70 mg/m3 (6) DOT: 1005 125 (anhydrous); 2672 154 (10-35% solution); (7)
2073 125 (>35-50% solution); 1005 125 (.50% solution
Synonyms/Trade Names: Anhydrous ammonia, Aqua ammonia, Aqueous ammonia (8)
[Note: Often used in an aqueous solution.]
Exposure Limits: (9) Measurement Methods (10)
NIOSH REL: TWA 25 ppm(18 mg/m3) OSHA PEL†: TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) (see Table 1):
ST 35 ppm (27mg/m3) NIOSH 3800, 6015,6016
Physical Description: Colorless gas with a pungent, suffocating odor. (11) OSHA ID 188
[Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas. Easily liquefied under pressure.]
Chemical & Physical Properties: (12) Personal Protection/Sanitation (13) Respirator Recommendations (14)
MW: 17.0 (see Table 2): (see Tables 3 & 4):
◦ Skin: Prevent skin contact NIOSH
BP: -28 F
Sol: 34% Eyes: Prevent eye contact 250 ppm: CcrS*/Sa*
FL.P: NA (Gas) Wash skin: When Contam (solution) 300 ppm: Sa:Cf*/PaprS*/CcrFS/
Remove: When wet or contam GmFW/ScbaF/SaF
IP: 10.18ev
RGasD: 0.60 Box # (solution) §: ScbaF:Pd,Pp/SaF:Pd,Pp:AScba
VP: Change: N.R. Escape: GmFS/ScbaE
UEL: 28% Provide: Eyewash (>10%)
LEL: 15% Quick drench (>10%)
[Note: Although NH3 does not meet the DOT
definition of a Flammable Gas (for labeling
purposes), it should be treated as one.]
Incompatibilities and Reactivities: Strong oxidizers, acids, halogens, salts of silver & zinc (15)
[Note: Corrosive to copper & galvanized surfaces.]
Exposure Routes, Symptoms, Target Organs (see Table 5): (16) First Aid (see Table 6): (17)
ER: Inh, Ing (solution), Con (solution/liquid) Eye: Irr immed (solution/liquid)
SY: Irrit eyes, nose, Throat; dysp, wheez, chest pain; pulm Skin: Water flush immed (solution/liquid)
Edema; pink frothy sputum; skin burns, vesic; liquid: frostbite Breath: Resp support
TO: Eyes, skin, resp sys Swallow: Medical attention immed (solution)
Ammonia Formula: CAS#: RTECS: IDLH:
NH3 7664-41-7 BO0875000 300 ppm
3
Conversion: 1 ppm = 0.70 mg/m DOT: 1005 125 (anhydrous); 2672 154 (10-35% solution);
2073 125 (>35-50% solution); 1005 125 (.50% solution
Synonyms/Trade Names: Anhydrous ammonia, Aqua ammonia, Aqueous ammonia
[Note: Often used in an aqueous solution.]
Exposure Limits: Measurement Methods
3 3
NIOSH REL: TWA 25 ppm(18 mg/m ) OSHA PEL†: TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m ) (see Table 1):
3
ST 35 ppm (27mg/m ) NIOSH 3800, 6015,6016
Physical Description: Colorless gas with a pungent, suffocating odor. OSHA ID 188
[Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas. Easily liquefied under pressure.]
Chemical & Physical Properties: Personal Protection/Sanitation Respirator Recommendations
MW: 17.0 (see Table 2): (see Tables 3 & 4):
◦ Skin: Prevent skin contact NIOSH
BP: -28 F
Sol: 34% Eyes: Prevent eye contact 250 ppm: CcrS*/Sa*
FL.P: NA (Gas) Wash skin: When Contam (solution) 300 ppm: Sa:Cf*/PaprS*/CcrFS/
IP: 10.18ev Remove: When wet or contam GmFW/ScbaF/SaF
RGasD: 0.60 (solution) §: ScbaF:Pd,Pp/SaF:Pd,Pp:AScba
VP: Change: N.R. Escape: GmFS/ScbaE
UEL: Provide: Eyewash (>10%)
LEL: Quick drench (>10%)
[Note: Although NH3 does not meet the DOT
definition of a Flammable Gas (for labeling
purposes), it should be treated as one.]
Incompatibilities and Reactivities: Strong oxidizers, acids, halogens, salts of silver & zinc
[Note: Corrosive to copper & galvanized surfaces.]
Exposure Routes, Symptoms, Target Organs (see Table 5): First Aid (see Table 6):
ER: Inh, Ing (solution), Con (solution/liquid) Eye: Irr immed (solution/liquid)
SY: Irrit eyes, nose, Throat; dysp, wheez, chest pain; pulm Skin: Water flush immed (solution/liquid)
Edema; pink frothy sputum; skin burns, vesic; liquid: frostbite Breath: Resp support
TO: Eyes, skin, resp sys Swallow: Medical attention immed (solution)
 Boxes 1,2,3,4,6, & 7

• Chemical Name • Chemical, Synonyms and

• Structure / formula Trade Name Index
• If you can’t find a chemical
• CAS Number name under column 1, look in
• RTECS Number the synonym and trade name
index
• DOT ID Number and
• Conversion factors
ERG Guide Number
• convert ppm to mg/m3, for air
• See Ammonia monitoring
• Note different DOT #’s, • See Methyl Ethyl Ketone
depending on concentration
 2008
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
GUIDEBOOK
 How To Use This Guidebook
(White page 1)

• Identify the material

• Look up the 3-digit Guide Number
• ID Number Index (Yellow pages)
• Name Index (Blue pages)
• Explosives List (p. 1)
• Table of Placards (p. 16-17)
• If no info available, use Guide # 111
• “P” suffix - may violently polymerize
• Highlighted - Look in Green pages
ID Number Index (Yellow pages)
Numbered Guide (Orange pages)
Name Index (Blue pages)

XXXX
Numbered Guide (Orange pages)
Initial Isolation vs. Protective Action
(Green pages 316-317)
Isolation & Protection Distances (Green pages)

What’s This?
Water-Reactive Materials
(Green pages 360-363)
 Boxes 1,2,3,4,6, & 7

• Chemical Name • Chemical, Synonyms and

• Structure / formula Trade Names Index
• If you can’t find a chemical
• CAS Number name under column 1, look in
• RTECS Number the synonym and trade name
index
• DOT ID Number and
• Conversion factors
ERG Guide Number
• convert ppm to mg/m3, for air
• See Ammonia monitoring
• Note different DOT #’s, • See Methyl Ethyl Ketone
depending on concentration
 Box 9: Exposure Limits
• Lists NIOSH limits first, then OSHA limits
• NIOSH REL: TWA for up to a 10-hr workday
during a 40-hr workweek
• Notations for additional exposure limits:
• ST (Short Term Exposure Limit): 15-min TWA that should
not be exceeded during a workday (Toluene)
• C (Ceiling): Not to be exceeded at any time (HCl)
• Ca: Potential occupational carcinogen (Benzene)
• [skin]: Potential for skin absorption, prevent skin exposure
(Methyl Alcohol)
 Exposure Limits (continued)
• OSHA PEL: TWA concentrations that must
not be exceeded during any 8-hr workshift of a
40-hr workweek
• Notations for additional exposure limits:
• ST, Ca, [skin]: same as NIOSH
• C: same as NIOSH, plus:
• [15-min] - Ceiling as a 15-min TWA
• [5-min max peak] - 5-min TWA above the normal ceiling
that may be reached over a specified period

• See Gasoline for Ca

 Box 5: IDLH
• Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
• Concentration at which a worker whose respiratory
protection failed should be able to escape without permanent
health effects, based on a 30-minute exposure
• Must have SCBA to enter IDLH atmosphere
• Ca - carcinogen, followed by IDLH in brackets
• [10% LEL] - IDLH was based on the
flammability hazard, rather than toxicological
data (Ethyl Ether, Acetone)
• N.D. - Not determined
METH LAB CHEMICAL HAZARD
ASSESSMENT EXERCISE
 Box 12: Chemical and
Physical Description
• Describes the appearance, odor and physical
state of the chemical at normal conditions (STP
= 68 degrees F)
• [ ] - shipped as a liquefied compressed gas or
used as a pesticide (Hydrogen Chloride)
• What if you respond to an incident and the
temperature of the compound is greater or less
than 68 degrees F? (Ether, Sulfuric Acid)
 Physical and Chemical
Properties
MW-Molecular Weight VP-Vapor Pressure
BP-Boiling Point MLT-Melting Point (solids)
Sol-Solubility in Water FRZ-Freezing Point (liq/gas)
Fl.P.-Flash Point UEL-Upper Explosive Limit
I.P.-Ionization Potential LEL-Lower Explosive Limit
Sp.Gr.-Specific Gravity RGasD-Relative Density of
gases (relative to air)
 Chemical and Physical
Properties
• MW - Molecular Weight
• MW of Air is 29
• IP - Ionization Potential
• Lowest energy level at which a molecule of the
substance may be ionized
• We’ll discuss the IP when we cover the PID air
monitoring instrument
 Chemical and Physical
Properties
• Sol – Solubility*
• The percentage of a material (by
weight) that will dissolve in water at
STP (68 OF, 1 atm)
• Solubility provided for solids, liquids
and gases
• Miscible means the material is
“mixable” or will completely go into
solution
• Sp. Gr - Specific Gravity
• Weight of a chemical in comparison to
an equal volume of water

Weight of a gallon of substance

_______________________________
Sp.Gr. =
Weight of a gallon of water
 Solubility Terms

Degree of Solubility in Distilled

Water at 50° F Percentage

Negligible < 0.1

Slight 0.1-1

Moderate 1-10

Appreciable > 10

In all
Complete/Miscible
proportions

Look up Ammonia
 Chemical and Physical
Properties
• Sol – Solubility*
• The percentage of a material (by weight)
that will dissolve in water at STP (68 OF,
1 atm)
• Solubility provided for solids, liquids and
gases
• Miscible means the material is “mixable”
or will completely go into solution
• Sp. Gr - Specific Gravity*
• Weight of a chemical in comparison to
an equal volume of water
Weight of a gallon of substance
_______________________________
Sp.Gr. =
Weight of a gallon of water
 Specific Gravity of liquids:

< 1 Insoluble materials

will float in (or on)
water

> 1 Insoluble materials

will sink in water

Soluble/Miscible materials
will mix with water
 Chemical and Physical
Properties
• RGasD - Relative Gas Density / Vapor Density
• The weight of a vapor or gas compared to the weight of an
equal volume of air (Air is equal to “1”)
• Provided for gases only
• Where will Ammonia, Hydrogen Chloride and Phosphine
be?

RGasD =
Molecular Weight of a Substance Molecular Weight of a Substance
Molecular Weight of Air = 29
8 Lighter Than Air Gases
• Hydrogen 0.07
• Ammonia 0.589
• Helium 0.42
• Acetylene 0.969
• Methane 0.553
• Illuminating gases < 1.00
• Carbon monoxide 0.969
• Ethylene 0.98
 VP - Vapor Pressure
• Indication of the ability of a substance to
evaporate (liquid to gas or vapor)
• Evaporation rate increases with an increase in
temperature
• The larger the value, the more volatile the
substance
• The pressure exerted by a saturated vapor
above its own liquid in a closed container
 Vapor Pressure
• High vapor pressure => high inhalation
hazard
Normal atmospheric pressure: 760 mm Hg
• Examples of vapor pressures:
• Water: 25 mm Hg - slow evaporation
• Acetone: 270 mm Hg - fast evaporation
• Sulfuric acid: 0.01 mm Hg - almost no
evaporation
• Ammonia: 8.5 atm (atmospheres) - exists as
gas
BP = VP = volatility = flammability

BP = VP = volatility = flammability
 Vapor Pressure Guidelines

Distance Vapors
Vapor Pressure Hazard
Travel

< 1 foot above

0-10 mmHg Little concern
liquid

> 3-4 feet above

Inhalation
> 100 mmHg liquid (breathing
concern
zone)
 Chemical and Physical
Properties
• FRZ - Freezing Point
• Temperature at which a liquid or gas begins to change to a solid
• MLT - Melting Point
• Temperature at which a solid begins to change to a liquid
• BP - Boiling Point
• in OF at 1 atmosphere (760 mmHg)

SOLID
Sublimation Freezing
Condensation Melting
Boiling
GAS LIQUID
Condensation
 Chemical and Physical
Properties
• Flammability (below Sp.Gr. or RGasD)
• Determined for most solids and gases
• Liquids are classified following OSHA criteria
(see page xiv)
• Fl. P - Flash Point
• The temperature at which the liquid phase
gives off enough vapor to flash when exposed
to an external ignition source
 Flammable Range
• LEL - Lower Explosive Limit
• The minimum concentration of a vapor in air
that will produce a flash of fire when an
ignition source is present
• UEL – Upper Explosive Limit
• The maximum concentration of a vapor in air
that will produce a flash of fire when an
ignition source is present
 Flammable Range

• LEL - Lower Explosive Limit

• The minimum concentration of a vapor in air
that will produce a flash of fire when an
ignition source is present
• UEL – Upper Explosive Limit
• The maximum concentration of a vapor in air
that will produce a flash of fire when an
ignition source is present
 Flammable Range
Fire and/or
Too lean Too rich
Explosion

0% LEL UEL 100%

Concentration of vapor in air
Chemical Flash Point LEL UEL

Gasoline -45 oF 1.4% 7.6%

Methyl
52 oF 6% 36%
Alcohol

Acetylene NA 2% 100%
• State of Matter:
• Hazard Class:
• Vapor Pressure:
• Specific Gravity:
• Flash Point:
• LEL:
• UEL:
• Corrosively:
Modified Toyota Pick-up
METH LAB CHEMICAL HAZARD
ASSESSMENT EXERCISE
 Box 15: Incompatibilities
Box 10: Measurement
Method
• Box 15
• Lists important hazardous incompatibilities or
reactivities of each substance

• Box 10
• Describes the suggested sampling and
analysis method for the substance
 Possible Incompatibility
Reactions
• Chemical Interactions / Reactivity
• Chemicals interacting to form new substances
• May be violent / explosive
• May require some energy input to start the
reaction
• “Unstable” materials generally very reactive
• “Instability” refers to the substance being in
an energetically unfavorable state
• “Inert” materials generally unreactive
• Water-reactives & air-reactives
Box 13: Personal Protection
and Sanitation

• Summary of
recommended practices
for each substance

• Supplement general safe

work practices (i.e. no
eating, drinking or
smoking)
 Box 14: Respirator
Selection

• Lists maximum use concentrations (MUC) for

various types of respiratory protection

• Must use SCBA or Supplied Air at or above

IDLH

• See Table 4 for codes

 Boxes 16 & 17: Health
Hazards
• Route
• Lists important routes of entry & if there is a skin/eye
contact hazard
• Symptoms
• Lists potential symptoms
• First Aid
• List procedures for eye & skin contact, inhalation and
ingestion
• Target Organs
• Lists organs affected by exposure
 Steps in the Production of
Meth
Nazi Extraction Cook No pH
Balance
Add
Solvent
Salt-Out
HCl bulbed
thru meth oil

Dissolve in Ephedrine + Already a Add solvent Salt + sulfuric

Heat Lithium + Base (coleman fuel Acid(liquid
(methanol), ammonia = or freon) fire) = HCI
Hydrocarbon, Meth Oil gas[gas gen]
Or Solvents.
Then Filter
HI/Red P Extraction Cook pH Add Salt-Out
Balance Solvent HCl bulbed
thru meth oil

Dissolve in Ephedrine + Add NaOH or Add solvent Salt + sulfuric

Heat I2 crystals + Lye(draino) (coleman fuel Acid(liquid
(methanol), water = Meth to get base or freon) fire) = HCI
Hydrocarbon, Oil solution gas[gas gen]
Or Solvents.
Then Filter