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Planning a home budget icse project pdf

In business, as with most things in life, change is constant. When an organization needs to make an important change, like upgrading a computer network or expanding to a new location, it's usually best to view it as a project. Size, of course, isn't what defines a project, but what does define a project is a plan. A project can be defined as any planned
undertaking with a set of related tasks designed to reach a defined objective that has both a beginning and an end. Without a plan, a project becomes just an assortment of tasks. For most organizations, the question isn't whether or not there is a plan, but how well the plan has been set out and how well it is followed. A project should have seven
characteristics: 1. Objective: A project should have a primary objective (i.e. the end result) with a specified budget, schedule and requirements. A project may be broken down into additional objectives leading toward the primary objective. 2. Unique: A project is always different compared to other projects. Making 1,000 of the same model car on an
assembly line wouldn't qualify as 1,000 projects. But painting three houses would be three different projects because the requirements wouldn't be exactly the same. 3. Time-Frame: Projects are started and finished within specified times, ending with the completion of the project's objective. The project team is either disbanded or begins a new
project. 4. Multifaceted: Projects involve people from different parts of the organization. In a small business, it may require different skills from a small number of people as well as specialists brought in from outside of the company. 5. Varied Life Cycle: A project goes through different stages, requiring new resources, tasks or people along the way. 6.
New Frontiers: Projects always present a company with a requirement for new processes or innovation. Often, new technologies or new ways of doing business are required. 7. Risk: With uncertainty comes risk. Failure to complete a project on time or on budget usually jeopardizes a company's business goals. A project usually consists of four phases:
initiation, planning, execution and closing. Planning is unique, however, in that it is usually a part of the other three phases. Initiation: Initiating a project involves gathering your project team together and approaching the client — either a paying customer or an in-house client in your organization. At this point, you should be drawing up an initiation
plan that begins defining the project objectives and scope and establishing procedures, roles and communication protocols. The initiation plan should also begin working out a rough estimate of the cost, how the project will be funded and who will get the bill. During the execution and closing of the project, your project plan should serve as your
blueprint, determining whether or not the project tasks and deliverables are on schedule. More often than not, you should expect that your plan will require revisions as you move along. While closing the project, the project plan should serve as a baseline to compare the promised deliverables to what was actually accomplished. The project planning
phase is the second of a project's four phases. Once the project has been initiated, this is when planning should begin in earnest, before a single task has been executed. There are 10 aspects to a good project plan. 1. Describe the project. Specifically, the project description should detail the problem the project is intended to solve or, alternatively, the
opportunity it will capitalize on. The description should also state what the main objective is, what needs to be accomplished, how accomplishments will be measured and what will signify the end of the project. 2. Break down the project into specific tasks. Ensure there is a natural progression from each task to the next. If some tasks need to be done
at the same time, specify what they are. This is where a flowchart becomes invaluable. 3. Estimate the resources required for the project. If needed, create a resource plan to ensure the right resources are gathered effectively. 4. Develop the project schedule. Give each task a time estimate, as well as a start and end date. 5. Develop a communication
plan. Specify when and how communication should flow between team members, management, as well as other stakeholders like the client. 6. Specify standards and procedures. How are project deliverables to be produced and tested by the project team? 7. Identify and assess risks. Document any potential risks in the project and what their
consequences will be. 8. Draft a budget. Summarize the expenses you anticipate for the project, compared to revenue. 9. Write a Statement of Work (SoW). This document lists the work to be done, deliverables and the expected outcome once the project is finished. 10. Summarize the project plan. This document includes the project tasks and
resources required. It's unlikely you would attempt to build a house without a set of blueprints. Regardless of the size of the project, working from a plan will give you the same advantages, literally serving as the blueprint to your project. The depth and quality of your plan will be directly proportional to the results of your finished project. Project
plans can help: 1. Visualize your goals and the path needed to take there. Gant charts, PERT charts and Critical Path Method (CPM) charts allow you to see your project requirements and timelines at a glance. 2. Improve communication. Because a description of communication protocols are a part of a project plan, your project team, stakeholders and
decision-makers all know how and when they need to communicate with each other. 3. Decrease time and costs. In many ways, a project plan works like a dry run, with everyone in the team able to foresee problems before they happen. Carpenters often say, "Measure twice and cut once." 4. Improve your control of the project. When stakeholders
agree on a project plan, they are less likely to try to change the course of a project once it has begun. When they do want to make changes, you can refer to the plan and show how the change will affect the schedule and costs. 5. Improve the allocation of resources. Because a project plan includes a schedule, you will know exactly when team members
are required to do their work and when they will need tools and supplies to do it. Imagine, for example, renting a truck a week before your team needs it, or scheduling that truck a week late. 6. Keep you on course. Projects invariably get off track. People, for example, get sick or finish tasks earlier than anticipated. With a project schedule, it's much
easier to make adjustments as you go along to ensure the project stays on course. While there are always difficulties in project planning, these difficulties always take less time and cost less money than facing difficulties in the midst of a project. Keep in mind that no project is destined to be a success on its own. The better your plan is, the more likely
it will finish on time and within your budget. Every business plan includes a budget. A nursing home budget should cover a myriad of income and expenses that cover operations, staffing, medical equipment, housing and all the furnishings, insurance, licenses and marketing. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, a division of the U.S.
Health and Human Services department, recommends that nursing homes include plans for various projects and activity programs in their budget plans as well. Available technology, in-house staffing capabilities and funding sources also need to be taken into consideration when planning programs, budgets and nursing home parameters. Nursing
home owners and administrators must include detailed projections in their budgets to cover maintenance of the facilities in addition to mortgage and insurance payments. Typically 25 percent of a nursing home's budget is utilized for buildings and the systems that run them. Include regular maintenance, such as utilities and upkeep, as well as
upgrades and repairs in as much as you can predict those events. To remain viable and continue to provide a safe environment for the residents, a nursing home must pay close attention to facility management. Look at maintenance projections that will be necessary in the current budget as well as estimates for five and 10 years out to get a clear
picture of your requirements. An analysis of your existing facilities and their current condition includes build-out plans and upgrades that will be needed for growth and accommodating new programs. Start-up nursing home owners should consider investing in technology that will enable them to participate in the electronic records revolution that has
enveloped the healthcare industry. Rather than working with older systems and trying to integrate new models, spend the money upfront to see the saving in the long run. About $20,000 in the budget will provide for a completely web-based electronic medical reporting system from companies such as Keane. An integrated software design also will
help you track maintenance schedules, keep payroll, billing and vendor accounts. Federal regulations mandate the number of hours each resident must be cared for by professional healthcare staff. Studies performed by various watchdog groups indicate that the higher staffing ratio of resident to staff, the higher quality of care. Minimum standards
set forth by the Department of Health and Human Services require nearly four hours of care for each resident per day by a healthcare professional. In that time, a nursing assistant can provide two of the hours of care, while a registered or licensed nurse must provide at least one hour of care. To maintain licensing, these minimum staffing levels must
be included your staffing budget, which may require as much as 40 or 50 percent of your total expenditures. A project budget is a plan that outlines the company’s financial goals for a specific business activity. When working on projects within your business, it’s vital to establish a budget to ensure you have a reference baseline for expenses. If you
don’t establish a budget, you may spend more than you need to on a specific project, which can negatively affect the rest of your business. There are two primary purposes for creating a project budget in your business: getting funding and controlling business costs. It is important to inform business stakeholders how much funding is required to
complete your project and meet the objectives you have outlined. This also helps the company to understand the return on their investment in your project. Business stakeholders may include investors, the company’s management team or other business owners. The project budget definition also includes controlling costs, which is imperative to
running a successful business. With a project budget, the company has a clear view of how much each activity is going to cost. With that baseline in mind, you can compare actual costs of each activity within the project to the estimated budget to determine if the project is over budget, under budget or on target. Being able to see this during the
progression of the project helps the project manager to determine if they need to make any changes to the project to ensure they stay on target. Creating a project budget varies from company to company and from project to project. Budgets for larger projects can run several dozen pages in length, while small budgets often consist of only two to five
line items. Regardless of how big your project is, a budget will ensure you’re staying on track. Keep these elements in mind when creating a budget for your project: Activity cost estimates: Be sure to figure out the cost of each individual activity within your project. That way, if you go over budget, you’ll be able to tell which activity resulted in the cost
increase. Activities may include labor, materials, technology and facilities. Fixed costs: Determine which costs are constant and will not change throughout your project. These may include rent, utilities and technology. Variable costs: Outline the costs that may fluctuate during the project. For example, you may need to spend more on materials in the
first two months, but very little on materials in the last two months of the project. One-time costs: Your project may require the purchase of a new software or new machinery. This is an expense that will just be made one time. Project schedule: It’s important to know how the costs are spread out over your project. This way, you can manage expenses
by grouping certain costs together or planning ahead for increased expenses during a specific month. As per the project budget definition, it’s important to use the budget as a baseline to ensure your costs remain on track. Be sure to assign a team member to oversee the budget and note any anomalies. If any specific activities are constantly going
over budget, it’s important to see whether those expenses can be curbed. On the other hand, if certain activities are always under budget, you may need to rework your estimates to ensure you have a more realistic budget. Keep in mind that your budget doesn’t need to be set in stone. Re-evaluate your budget at specific milestones within the project
timeline, keeping in mind actual expenditures. Work with a finance professional if you have a large project budget to ensure you have accounted for all of the related costs. A monthly budget plan is the overview of what funds come into your account and then what funds exit the account. Balancing your budget helps to lower and eliminate debt.
Budgets help people track and manage their money by showing outflow and inflow. Budgets can show where you are spending too much money and areas where you can make cutbacks. A budget can be as simple as writing all expenses and income on a sheet of paper or as complicated as a spreadsheet with charts and graphs. The complexity is not
important, as long as the budget serves your particular needs. A budget can go as far as a year in advance in an attempt to plan for future expenses, reduce debt or control expenses. Most budgets, however, are created on a month-to-month basis to help people manage outflow and inflow. Break down each expense into categories, such as dining,
entertainment, clothing, groceries, insurance and auto expenses. Categorize each form of income as well. A monthly budget should be analyzed and areas of reduction should be considered in an effort to pay down additional debt or increase savings. Additionally, note any significant changes from month to month to see if there are any new areas of
spending. Whether you choose to budget on a monthly, weekly or daily basis, a budget plan keeps you on track for long-term goals and prevents spending mistakes. Young adults frequently start out with a daily budget plan that they personalize based on needs and priorities. Before you can create and implement a daily budget plan, you need to know
where you spend your money. Scrutinize credit card statements, bank statements and cash receipts from the last month or monitor your spending daily for a month. Create a spreadsheet with budget expense categories like groceries, restaurants, clothes and rent. Your finished spreadsheet illustrates where your money is going every month. Decide
what you want to get out of your daily budgeting. Maybe it's something long term, like buying a car, or a short-term goal, such as going on a vacation. It could be a continuous goal, like setting aside enough money to pay for a gym subscription every month. You may just want to make it to the end of the month with a little money left over. Identifying a
goal helps you stick to your budget when you are tempted to blow your money. Determine how much money you need to set aside each month to reach your goal. Subtract that amount from your average monthly income to determine how much is left to cover all your expenses. For the purpose of a daily budget, separate daily expenses from irregular
or monthly expenses. For example, meals or groceries, snacks, coffee, parking fees, small personal purchases and entertainment may be expenses you incur on a daily or almost-daily basis. These items are part of your daily budget. On the other hand, you may only pay for rent, utilities, gas and insurance once a month or less frequently. Look at these
items as part of your monthly budgeting, not your daily planning. Subtract monthly and irregular expenses from your monthly income. Divide the result by the number of days in the month to calculate your average daily budget. Separate the daily budget total into categories that you have identified best suit your lifestyle. Log your spending every day.
Although this can seem time consuming, it quickly becomes a habit, and you can see right away if you're off track. Look for a daily budgeting app for your smartphone or jot down purchases in a small notebook. If you're overspending in one category on a reoccurring basis, re-evaluate your budget. You may need to reallocate the funds of your daily
budget differently to better suit your lifestyle. Implementing multiple lifestyle changes at once is difficult, so focus on changing one budget area at a time if you're having trouble living within your budgeted amount. Learn to be aware when you approach your daily limit and stop spending if possible.

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