HEMATOLOGY MCQS
BY
ABDUL GHANI KHAN
1. What is the primary focus of Hematology? a) Study of the heart b) Study of blood
and blood-forming organs c) Study of the nervous system d) Study of the
digestive system
Correct Answer: b) Study of blood and blood-forming organs
2. Who published the first quantitative results of blood cell analysis in 1852? a) Karl
Vierordt b) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek c) Louis Pasteur d) Robert Koch
Correct Answer: a) Karl Vierordt
3. When were improved methods of blood examination described? a) 1920s b)
1930s c) 1852 d) 1632
Correct Answer: a) 1920s
4. What percentage of the blood is composed of plasma? a) 7% b) 8% c) 44% d)
55%
Correct Answer: d) 55%
5. Which component makes up about 44% of the blood volume? a) Leukocytes b)
Platelets c) Erythrocytes d) Plasma proteins
Correct Answer: c) Erythrocytes
6. What is the approximate volume of plasma in the blood of a normal adult? a) 1%
b) 7% c) 44% d) 55%
Correct Answer: d) 55%
7. Who accurately described and measured red blood cells (erythrocytes)? a) Karl
Vierordt b) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek c) Louis Pasteur d) Robert Koch
Correct Answer: b) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
8. Which of the following is NOT a component of plasma? a) Water b)
Electrolytes/ions c) Erythrocytes d) Vitamins
Correct Answer: c) Erythrocytes
1. What is the primary function of water in plasma? a) Transport of oxygen b)
Maintenance of electrolyte balance c) Regulation of body temperature d)
Formation of blood clots
Correct Answer: b) Maintenance of electrolyte balance
2. Which component of plasma acts as a carrier protein for drugs, hormones, and
unconjugated bilirubin? a) Albumin b) Coagulation factors c) Globulin d)
Erythrocytes
Correct Answer: a) Albumin
3. What is the primary role of coagulation factors in plasma? a) Regulation of body
temperature b) Maintenance of electrolyte balance c) Formation of blood clots d)
Elimination of waste products
Correct Answer: c) Formation of blood clots
4. What type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for combating bacterial and
fungal infections? a) Neutrophils b) Lymphocytes c) Eosinophils d) Basophils
Correct Answer: a) Neutrophils
5. Which white blood cells play a major role in the synthesis of immunoglobulins? a)
Neutrophils b) Eosinophils c) Lymphocytes d) Basophils
Correct Answer: c) Lymphocytes
6. What is the primary function of platelets in the blood? a) Transport of oxygen b)
Phagocytosis c) Formation of primary hemostatic plug d) Synthesis of antibodies
Correct Answer: c) Formation of primary hemostatic plug
7. Which type of lymphocytes are involved in the acquired immune response? a) B-
Lymphocytes b) T-Lymphocytes c) NK cells d) Small Lymphocytes
Correct Answer: b) T-Lymphocytes
8. What is the main function of albumin in plasma? a) Maintenance of electrolyte
balance b) Formation of blood clots c) Regulation of body temperature d) Carrier
protein for various substances
Correct Answer: d) Carrier protein for various substances
1. What is the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs)? a) Transport of nutrients
b) Synthesis of immunoglobulins c) Combating bacterial infections d)
Transportation of oxygen
Answer: d) Transportation of oxygen
2. Which type of white blood cell plays a major role in viral illnesses and the
synthesis of immunoglobulins? a) Neutrophils b) Monocytes c) Eosinophils d)
Lymphocytes
Answer: d) Lymphocytes
3. What is the role of globulin proteins like transferrin and ceruloplasmin in the
blood? a) Transportation of waste products b) Transportation of nutrients c)
Maintenance of blood pressure d) Transport of hormones and vitamins
Answer: b) Transportation of nutrients
4. Hematopoiesis is the process of differentiation, proliferation, and maturation of
blood cells in which tissue? a) Liver b) Kidneys c) Bone marrow d) Spleen
Answer: c) Bone marrow
5. What is the composition of adult hemoglobin A1 (HbA1)? a) 2 alpha and 2 beta
globin chains b) 2 alpha and 2 gamma globin chains c) 2 alpha and 2 delta globin
chains d) 2 alpha and 2 epsilon globin chains
Answer: a) 2 alpha and 2 beta globin chains
6. What is the main function of heme in hemoglobin? a) Transport of oxygen b)
Synthesis of globin chains c) Production of enzymes d) Removal of carbon
dioxide
Answer: a) Transport of oxygen
7. During which phase of life does hematopoiesis occur in the liver, spleen, and
bone marrow? a) Infancy (up to 3 years) b) Adolescence (10-19 years) c)
Adulthood (20-65 years) d) Old age (above 65 years)
Answer: a) Infancy (up to 3 years)
8. What is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adults? a) Liver b) Spleen c)
Vertebrae d) Yolk sac
Answer: c) Vertebrae
9. Which cells are responsible for the synthesis of hemoglobin's globin chains? a)
Red blood cells b) White blood cells c) Platelets d) Erythroid cells
Answer: d) Erythroid cells
10. What is the primary role of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PHSCs)? a)
Transport oxygen in the blood b) Synthesize immunoglobulins c) Differentiate
into various blood cell types d) Regulate blood pressure
Answer: c) Differentiate into various blood cell types
Red Blood Cells and White Blood Cells:
1. What is the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs)? a) Transport of nutrients
b) Synthesis of immunoglobulins c) Combating bacterial infections d)
Transportation of oxygen Answer: d) Transportation of oxygen
2. Which type of white blood cell plays a major role in viral illnesses and the
synthesis of immunoglobulins? a) Neutrophils b) Monocytes c) Eosinophils d)
Lymphocytes Answer: d) Lymphocytes
3. What is the primary role of neutrophils in the immune system? a) Combat viral
infections b) Fight fungal infections c) Attack bacteria d) Synthesize antibodies
Answer: c) Attack bacteria
4. Which white blood cell type is involved in phagocytosis and clearing cellular
debris? a) Neutrophils b) Monocytes c) Eosinophils d) Basophils Answer: b)
Monocytes
5. What is the primary function of basophils in the blood? a) Release histamines
during allergic reactions b) Phagocytosis of bacteria c) Production of antibodies
d) Transport of oxygen Answer: a) Release histamines during allergic
reactions
Globulin Proteins and Their Functions:
6. Which globulin proteins are involved in the transport of waste products like urea
and creatinine? a) Transferrin and ceruloplasmin b) Hemopexin and haptoglobins
c) Immunoglobulins d) Hemoglobin Answer: a) Transferrin and ceruloplasmin
7. What is the role of transferrin in the blood? a) Transport of waste products b)
Transport of nutrients c) Maintaining blood pressure d) Synthesizing
immunoglobulins Answer: b) Transport of nutrients
8. How do globulin proteins contribute to maintaining blood viscosity? a) They
promote blood thinning b) They stimulate blood clotting c) They help regulate
blood pressure d) They have no impact on blood viscosity Answer: b) They
stimulate blood clotting
9. Which of the following is NOT transported by globulin proteins? a) Glucose b)
Amino acids c) Iron d) Carbon dioxide Answer: d) Carbon dioxide
Hematopoiesis and Hemoglobin:
10. What is hematopoiesis? a) The process of synthesizing hemoglobin b) The
process of differentiating blood cells c) The process of removing waste from
blood d) The process of maintaining blood pressure Answer: b) The process of
differentiating blood cells
11. Where does post-natal hematopoiesis primarily occur in adults? a) Liver b) Spleen
c) Vertebrae d) Sacrum Answer: c) Vertebrae
12. During which phase of life does hematopoiesis take place in all bones? a) Infancy
(up to 3 years) b) Adolescence (10-19 years) c) Adulthood (20-65 years) d) Old
age (above 65 years) Answer: a) Infancy (up to 3 years)
13. What is the term for the process of hematopoiesis during the first few weeks of
gestation in the yolk sac? a) Prenatal hematopoiesis b) Post-natal hematopoiesis
c) Intra-uterine hematopoiesis d) Adult hematopoiesis Answer: c) Intra-uterine
hematopoiesis
14. What is the main function of hemoglobin in the blood? a) Transport oxygen from
lungs to tissues b) Synthesize globin chains c) Combat bacterial infections d)
Remove waste products from tissues Answer: a) Transport oxygen from lungs
to tissues
15. What are the three types of adult hemoglobin found in human RBCs? a) HbA,
HbB, HbC b) HbX, HbY, HbZ c) HbA1, HbA2, HbF d) HbG, HbH, HbI Answer: c)
HbA1, HbA2, HbF
16. How does the structure of the alpha chain differ from the beta chain in
hemoglobin? a) Alpha chain has more amino acids b) Alpha chain contains heme
c) Beta chain has 39 different amino acids d) Alpha chain is larger in size Answer:
c) Beta chain has 39 different amino acids
Hemoglobin Synthesis and Function:
17. What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the blood? a) Transport oxygen to
the liver b) Synthesize globin chains c) Transport oxygen from lungs to tissues d)
Fight bacterial infections Answer: c) Transport oxygen from lungs to tissues
18. How many iron molecules are found in a single tetrameric hemoglobin molecule?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 Answer: d) 4
19. What is the molecular weight of hemoglobin? a) 50,000 Da b) 64,500 Da c) 75,000
Da d) 90,000 Da Answer: b) 64,500 Da
20. In a normal healthy individual, how many grams of hemoglobin are synthesized
per day? a) 2 grams b) 4 grams c) 6 grams d) 8 grams Answer: d) 8 grams
Hemoglobin and Hematopoiesis:
21. What is the role of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (PHSC) in
hematopoiesis? a) Transport oxygen in the blood b) Synthesize immunoglobulins
c) Differentiate into various blood cell types d) Regulate blood pressure Answer:
c) Differentiate into various blood cell types
22. Morphologically, what do pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PHSCs)
resemble? a) Red blood cells b) White blood cells c) Small lymphocytes d)
Platelets Answer: c) Small lymphocytes
23. Which cells differentiate from myeloid progenitor stem cells? a) Erythroid,
myeloid, monocytic, and megakaryocytic cells b) B cells c) T cells d) Natural killer
(NK) cells Answer: a) Erythroid, myeloid, monocytic, and megakaryocytic
cells
24. In which secondary sites can lymphocytes be produced? a) Liver and spleen b)
Bone marrow and thymus c) Lymph nodes and liver d) Thymus and spleen
Answer: b) Bone marrow and thymus
25. How is hemoglobin different from other heme-containing compounds like
myoglobin and cytochrome? a) It carries oxygen from the lungs b) It helps
transport waste products c) It is synthesized in the mitochondria d) It plays no
role in oxygen transport Answer: a) It carries oxygen from the lungs
Regulation of Hematopoiesis:
26. What factors regulate hematopoiesis? a) Blood pressure b) Growth factors,
cytokines, interleukins, and hormones c) Blood viscosity d) Oxygen levels in the
blood Answer: b) Growth factors, cytokines, interleukins, and hormones
27. What is the primary function of growth factors, cytokines, interleukins, and
hormones in hematopoiesis? a) Stimulate blood clotting b) Inhibit blood cell
production c) Stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic
cells d) Regulate blood pressure Answer: c) Stimulate the proliferation and
differentiation of hematopoietic cells
Red Blood Cells and White Blood Cells:
1. What is the main function of eosinophils in the immune system? a) Combat
bacterial infections b) Fight fungal infections c) Attack parasites and allergens d)
Transport oxygen Answer: c) Attack parasites and allergens
2. Among white blood cells, which type is primarily involved in allergic reactions and
asthma? a) Neutrophils b) Monocytes c) Eosinophils d) Lymphocytes Answer: c)
Eosinophils
3. What is the role of monocytes in the immune system? a) Attack bacteria b)
Release histamines c) Phagocytosis and clearing cellular debris d) Produce
antibodies Answer: c) Phagocytosis and clearing cellular debris
4. Which white blood cells release histamines and heparin during inflammation? a)
Neutrophils b) Monocytes c) Eosinophils d) Basophils Answer: d) Basophils
Globulin Proteins and Their Functions:
5. What is the primary function of haptoglobins among globulin proteins? a)
Transport of waste products b) Transport of nutrients c) Binding and removing
free hemoglobin d) Maintaining blood pressure Answer: c) Binding and
removing free hemoglobin
6. Which globulin protein is primarily involved in the transport of iron in the blood?
a) Transferrin b) Hemopexin c) Ceruloplasmin d) Haptoglobin Answer: a)
Transferrin
7. How do globulin proteins contribute to buffering action in the blood? a) They
promote alkaline conditions b) They bind to acidic waste products c) They release
carbon dioxide d) They regulate blood pressure Answer: b) They bind to acidic
waste products
8. Which of the following nutrients is NOT transported by globulin proteins? a)
Amino acids b) Iron c) Glucose d) Calcium Answer: d) Calcium
Hematopoiesis and Hemoglobin:
9. Which cells primarily contribute to post-natal hematopoiesis in adults? a) Liver
cells b) Spleen cells c) Bone marrow cells d) Lung cells Answer: c) Bone marrow
cells
10. During which phase of life does hematopoiesis primarily occur in the liver and
spleen? a) Infancy (up to 3 years) b) Adolescence (10-19 years) c) Adulthood (20-
65 years) d) Old age (above 65 years) Answer: a) Infancy (up to 3 years)
11. What is the term for the process of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow after
birth? a) Post-natal hematopoiesis b) Prenatal hematopoiesis c) Intra-uterine
hematopoiesis d) Adult hematopoiesis Answer: a) Post-natal hematopoiesis
12. Which part of the body primarily contributes to fetal hematopoiesis during the
first few weeks of gestation? a) Liver b) Spleen c) Yolk sac d) Bone marrow
Answer: c) Yolk sac
Hemoglobin Synthesis and Function:
13. In which cellular component is heme synthesized for hemoglobin production? a)
Nucleus b) Ribosomes c) Mitochondria d) Endoplasmic reticulum Answer: c)
Mitochondria
14. How many amino acids are there in the alpha chain of hemoglobin? a) 39 b) 141
c) 146 d) 39 Answer: b) 141
15. Which amino acid is essential for heme synthesis and is obtained from the body's
amino acid pool? a) Proline b) Glycine c) Leucine d) Lysine Answer: b) Glycine
Hemoglobin and Hematopoiesis:
16. Which organ primarily contributes to fetal hematopoiesis from 6 weeks to 6-7
months of fetal life? a) Liver b) Spleen c) Bone marrow d) Placenta Answer: a)
Liver
17. Where does hematopoiesis primarily take place in adults? a) Liver b) Spleen c)
Vertebrae d) Kidneys Answer: c) Vertebrae
18. Hematopoiesis is upregulated by which group of factors? a) Blood pressure
regulators b) Growth factors and cytokines c) Blood clotting factors d) Oxygen
transporters Answer: b) Growth factors and cytokines
19. Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is true? a) It is primarily
synthesized in the liver. b) It carries carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. c)
Each hemoglobin molecule can carry up to 8 oxygen molecules. d) It has a
molecular weight of 90,000 Da. Answer: b) It carries carbon dioxide from
tissues to the lungs.
Regulation of Hematopoiesis:
20. What is the primary role of growth factors, cytokines, interleukins, and hormones
in hematopoiesis? a) Stimulate blood clotting b) Inhibit blood cell production c)
Stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells d) Regulate
blood pressure Answer: c) Stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of
hematopoietic cells
