*CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*

Session: 2023-24 Department of History

A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester IV
Title of the Course: HISTORY OF INDIA (1526-1707)
Course Code: HSBOMJ4001 Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Major Sessional 30
End Sem. 70
Contact Periods per week: 4L+1T Credit 04
Teachers: Dr. Amir Ahmad/Mr. Shabir Ahmad Punzoo
Dr. Farah Saif Abidin (WC)

Course Objectives: The object of the paper is to acquaint the students with the political,
economic and social history of the Mughal Empire upto the reign of
Aurangzeb.

UNIT - I
th
India during the first quarter of 16 Century: Political divisions and social set-up;
Establishment of the Mughal Empire, Causes for success; Problems under Humayun; Sher
Shah and his administration: Revenue System. Decline of the Sur empire.

UNIT - II

Akbar, his accession; Regencies of Bairam Khan and Maham Anaga, Early consolidation and
Expansion, Rajputs and the Creation of a cosmopolitan ruling class; Akbar and his religious
policy. Ibadat Khana, Mahzar of 1579, Sulh-i-Kul.

UNIT - III
Jahangir: Continuities and change, Nurjahan and her role; Art and Architecture; Religious
Environment: Jahangir and Shah Jahan; War of Succession (1658-59): Causes and factors
responsible for the success of Aurangzeb, consequences.

UNIT – IV
Aurangzeb: An assessment of his reign; Financial crisis and “Agrarian” Revolts. The Rajputs
and the Marathas; “Religious Policy”; the Marathas and rise of Shivaji; decline of the Mughal
Empire and its interpretations.

Course Outcomes: Students will be able to learn -

 The establishment of the Mughal Empire
 The political, administrative, Economic and Socio-Cultural History of the period.
 The acculturation process with the coming of the Mughals.
 Analysis causes and nature of revolts and state response.
 Socio-religious life and state policies.

Evaluation : 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
Reading List:
Rushbrook Williams : An Empire Builder of the Sixteenth Century, Bombay, 1918.
RP Tripathi : Rise and Fall of the Mughal Empire, Allahabad, 1956.
Aniruddha Ray : Some Aspects of Mughal Administration, New Delhi, 1984.
SR Sharma : Religious Policy of the Mughal Emperors, New Delhi, 1940.
TR Chaudhry & Irfan Habib : Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. I, Cambridge
University Press, 1984.
Irfan Habib : Agrarian System of Mughal India, New Delhi, 1963.
WH Moreland : Agrarian System of Moslem India, New Delhi,1968.
--do-- : India at the Death of Akbar, Delhi, 1920 (Reprint 1990)
Afzal Hussain : Nobility under Akbar and Jahangir, New Delhi, 1999.
Mohibbul Hasan : Babur, the founder of Mughal Empire, New Delhi, 1985.
Shireen Moosvi : Episodes in the Life of Akbar, New Delhi, 1994.
Irfan Habib (ed.) : Akbar and his India, New Delhi, 1999.
Iqtidar A. Khan (ed.) : Akbar and His Age, New Delhi, 1999.
M. Athar Ali : Mughal India: Studies in Politics Ideas, Society and Culture, OUP,
New Delhi, 2007.
VA Smith : Akbar the Great Mughal, Delhi, 1958. (Reprint 1966)
Yusuf Husain : Glimpses of Medieval Indian Culture, Bombay, 1962.
KA Nizami : Akbar and Religion, Delhi, 1989.
--do-- : On History and Historian of Medieval India, Delhi, 1983.
K.K. Trivedi : Medieval City of Agra, Delhi, 2018.
M. Athar Ali : Mughal India, Studies in Polity, Ideas, Society and Culture, II ed.,
OUP, New Delhi, 2007.
Rezavi, S.A.N. : Fathpur Sikri, Revisited, OUP, New Delhi, 2013.
Iqtidar Alam Khan : Akbar and His Age, NBC, New Delhi, 2007.
Peter Hardy : Historians of Medieval India, London, 1955.
Richard, M. Eaton : India in the Persianate Age.
Catherine Asher & Scintha : India before Europe.
Iqtidar Alam Khan : Gun Power and Fire Arms: Warfare in India, New Delhi, OUP, 2004.
Richard M. Eaton : Indian in Persianate Age (1000-1765), New Delhi, Penguin Book, 2019
(Relevant Chapters only)
R. P. Tripathi : Rise and Fall of the Mughal Empire, Central Book Depot, Allahabad, 1956
Satish Chandra : Mughal Empire (1526-1748), Part II, Har-Anand, New Delhi, 1997
Beni Prasad : History of Jahangir, Bhartiya Kala Pralkashan, Delhi, Reprint, 2013
B.P. Saxena : History of Shahjahan of Delhi, Indian Press, Allahabad, 1932
Jadu Nath Sarkar : Short History of Aurangzeb (1618-1707), Orient Blackswan,
Hyderabad, 2009
Jadu Nath Sarkar : Shivaji and his Times, M. C. Sarkar, Calcutta, 1952
Aniruddha Ray : Some Aspects of Mughal Administration, Kalyans Publishers, New
Delhi, 1984
C. B. Asher : Architecture of Mughal India, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1992
Z. A. Desai : Indo-Islamic Architecture, Publication Division, MIB, Govt of India, 1970
Irfan Habib : Medieval India, (Chapter – 3 and 4) NBT, N. Delhi, 2007.
Richard M. Eaton : India in the Persianate Age (1000-1765), Penguin Book, 2019
(Chapter 5, 6 & 7)
Tahir H. Ansari :Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar, Routledge,2020.

ARTICLES:

1. Iqtidar Alam Khan : The Mughal Court politics during Bairam Khan’s Regency,
‘Medieval India’ A Miscellany, Vol. I, 1969.
2. - do - : The Nobility Under Akbar and the Development of his Religious
Policy 1560-80, JRAs, 1968.
3. M. Athar Ali : Sulhi-i Kul. Proceedings of IHC, Bombay, 1980.
4. Shireen Moosvi : Evolution of Mansab System Under Akbar, JRAS, London, 1991.
5. Prof. Nurul Hasan : ‘The Mahzar of Akbar’s reign’, JUPHS, Vol. XVI,Part I.
6. Satish Chandra : Mughal Religious Policies, the Rajputs and the Deccan.
7. Rafat Bilgrami : ‘Akbar’s Mahzar of 1579', Islamic Culture, 1973.
8.Prof. Muhibbul Hasan : Historians of Medieval India (Chapter on Abul Fazl by Noman A.
Siddiqui.
9. KA Nizami : ‘Abul Fazl’ On History and Historians of Medieval India, pp. 141-60.
10. M Mujeeb : ‘Badauni in The Historians of Medieval India ed. Prof. Mohibbul
Hasan, pp.III-18.
M. Athar Ali : ‘The Religious Issue in the war of succession (1658-59)’, Medieval
India Quarterly, Vol. 5, 1963
Afzal Hussain : Elements of continuity and stability in the Mughal nobility under
Akbar and Jahangir, Studies in History, Vol. II, Number 2, July-
December, 1980.
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2023-24 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester IV
Title of the Course: HISTORY OF ENGLAND (1689-1914 AD)
Course Code: HSBOMJ4002
Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Major Sessional 30
Contact Periods per week: 2L+1T End Sem. 70
Credit 02
Teachers: Dr. Nazer Aziz Anjum
Dr. Lucky Khan (WC)

Course Objectives:
 The aim of this paper is to study the political and socio-economic developments in England
under the Hanoverian dynasty.
 To know How the Economy of England changes with the coming of Industrial Revolution.
 To assess The Reform of the English Society and Parliament.
UNIT-I
Aftermath of Glorious Revolution up to 1714: William and Mary, Anne, Establishment of the
Hanoverian Dynasty ; The Reigns of George I and George II, Walpole and the Cabinet
system, Austrian War of Succession, Beginning of Seven year’s War; The Reign of George
III, Parliamentary Politics, Lord North and the Personal Rule of GeorgeIII.
UNIT II
The Revolt of American Colonies and Declaration of Independence; The Agricultural
Revolution, Enclosures, Arthur Young, Jethro Tull and the Seed Drill, Townshend and Crop
Rotation; Industrial Revolutions, the Mechanical Changes in the Textile Industry: John Key,
James Hargreaves, Samuel Crompton and Richard Arkwright.

UNIT-III
Govt. of England under Pitt, the Younger, The Impact of French Revolution and Napoleonic
Wars on England, Continental System; Condition of Working Class and Social Unrest after
1815; Utilitarianism and Reform Movements, Reform Act of 1832. Chartist Movement.
UNIT-IV
Corn Law Repeal, Cobden and Bright, Peelite Toryism; The Liberals and Conservatives,
Gladstone and Liberalism, Disraeli and New Conservatism; Reform Act of 1867; New
Imperialism, World War I, Causes of British Entry into the First World War.

Course Outcomes:
After the completion of this course, the students will be able to learn:
 The nature of the politics under the Hanoverian dynasty, specially under the three
George’s.
 The agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, their positive and negative aspects.
 The revolt of the American colonies against the Mother Country England and the
causes of their success.
 Various politico-social reform movements that took place in England up to the
coming of World War I.

Evaluation : 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
Reading List:
1. Warner & Martin, Ground Work of British History, Part II, London, 1949.
2. AL Morton, A Peoples History of England, New York, 1979.
3. Carter Mayer, A History of Britain, third edition, Delhi, 1959.
4. D. Richards & A Quick, Britain 1714-1851, London, 1961-71.
5. “ “ , Britain 1851-1945, London, 1967.
6. SE Ayling, The Georgian Century, London, 1966.
7. Dorothy Marshall, Eighteenth Century England (1485-1815), London, 1962.
8.Dorothy Marshall, Industrial England, 1776-1857.
9. Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the accession of George III, II edition, 1957.
10. Christopher Hill, Reformation to Industrial Revolution, London, 1969.
11. E. Hobsbawm, Industry and Empire, New York, 1999.
12. Peter Mathias, First Industrial Nation, New York, 1970.
13. C&D Roberts, A History of England, (Chapters IX-XV).
14. David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century, Middlesex, 1950.
15. Padmaja Ashok, The Social History of England, Blackswan.
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2023-24 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester IV
Title of the Course: HISTORY OF WEST AND CENTRAL ASIA: OTTOMAN,
UZBEKS & SAFAVIDS
Course Code: HSBOMJ4003 Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Major Sessional 30
End Sem. 70
Contact Periods per week: 2L+1T Credit 02
Teachers: Dr. Syed Ali Kazim
Dr. Fazila Shahnawaz (WC)

Course Objectives:
 To acquaint the students with the history and culture of the three medieval empires
outside India i.e. the Ottomans, the Uzbeks and the Safavids.
 The Student will have the understanding of the Central Asian polity, and administration.
 To acquaint the student with the understanding of culture as well as the relations
between Ottoman, Safavids, Uzbeks and Mughals.

UNIT – I

Origin of the Ottomans: Muhammad II, the conqueror; Suleyman, the Magnificent; Ottoman
Administrative Structure: Timar, Ziamat, Sanjak; Army Organization.
UNIT - II
Establishment of Uzbek rule in Central Asia; Conquests of Shaibani Khan; State under
Abdullah Khan; Achievements of Ubaidullah Khan; Uzbek Relation with Mughal India and
Persia.

UNIT - III
Formation of Safavid Empire under Shah Ismail; Safavid Empire from 1524 to 1588 A.D;
Shah Tahmasp to Shah Abbas; Achievements of Shah Abbas; Safavid State Structure; Causes
of the downfall of the Safavids.

UNIT-IV
Brief survey of the sources; Uzbeks: Abdullahnama, Habib-us-Siyar; Literary and
Cultural achievements under Ottomans, Uzbeks and Safavids; Development in Arts and
Architecture under Ottomans, Uzbeks and Safavid.

Course Outcomes:
 Comprehending the factors for the rise and expansion of the Ottoman Empire.
 Getting to know about the Uzbek Khanate and their relations with Mughal India and
Safavid Empire.
 Introduction of the history and culture of the Safavid Empire and the reasons for its
downfall.
Evaluation : 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
Reading List:
1. Creasy : The History of the Ottomans, London, 1854.
2. Shaw, Stanford : History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
3. P. Sykes : History of Persia
4. Ghulam Sarwar : Shah Ismail of Persia, Aligarh, 1939.
5. Cambridge History of Iran Vols. V and VI (relevant portion), Cambridge, 1968.
6. Riazul Islam : Indo-Persian Relation, Iran, 1970.
7. N.R. Farooqi : Mughal-Ottoman Relations, Delhi, 1989.
8. Mehmed Pasha : Ottoman Statecraft, London, 1935.
9. Murphy Rhoads : Ottoman Warfare, 1500-1700, Routledge, 1999.
10. Chahryar Adle & : History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. V,
UNESCO, 2003. Irfan Habib (ed.)
11. Mansura Haider : Central Asia in Sixteenth Century, New Delhi, Manohar, 2002.
12. Douglas A. Howard : A History of Ottoman Empire, Cambridge University Press, February, 2021.
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2023-24 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester IV
Title of the Course: MODERN INDIA 1858-1947
Course Code: HSBOMN4004 Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Minor Sessional 30
Contact Periods per week: 4L+1T End Sem. 70
Credit 04
Teachers: Dr. Saifullah Saifi/Dr. Suhaib Qayyoom/Dr. Gulrukh Khan
Dr. Shivangini Tandon (WC)

Course Objectives:
 To familiarize students with the evolution of Indian nationalism and to different streams
of resistance against colonialism such as Gandhian form of resistance, ideas of
constitutionalism, leftist/socialist ideology and so on.
 To sensitise them about the historical problems of the downtrodden/marginalized
communities like workers, peasants, Dalits, tribal people, women and their contribution
in the national movement in order to constitute an inclusive nation based on social
justice.
 To inculcate core ideas embedded in our freedom struggle such as democracy,
constitutionalism, secularism, social justice and so on and to make them aware of the
politics to identarian politics.
 To prepare students for various competitive examinations and career perspectives.

UNIT-I
Resistance to Colonial Rule:
Early uprisings, Revolt of 1857: Its Political, Administrative, Economic, Social and Religious
Causes, Nature and Impact. British Raj after the Revolt: Re-organization of Army,
Administrative Decentralization.
UNIT-II
Growth and Development of Indian National Movement:
Factors responsible for the growth of Indian Nationalism, Formation of Political
Associations. Foundation of Indian National Congress, Moderates and Extremists.
Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement (1905).
Muslim League (1906), Morley Minto Reforms, 1909.
UNIT- III
Gandhian Era:
Gandhiji’s early career, His Passive Resistance in South Africa and India; Movement against
Rowlatt Act.
Government of India Act 1919; ‘Dyarchy’ at Provincial level.
Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement.
Indian Politics (1922-1929): Swarajists, No changers, Rise of ‘Left’
UNIT –IV
Road to Freedom & Partition:
Simon Commission boycott, Nehru Report and its critics.
Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34).
Act of 1935, Congress Ministries (1937-39). Rise of the Muslim League.
Quit India Movement, Cabinet Mission, Its failure and growth of communalism
Mountbatten Plan, Independence and Partition.
Course Outcomes: Students will learn about :
 Indian response against the policies of the British Government.
 Gandhiji’s ideology and the Mass mobilization.
 The growth of communalism and the factors behind its promotion.
 The struggle behind the Independence of India, the sacrifices made by the Indians, the
repressive policies of the British government and finally the partition of India with the
achievement of Independence.
 This paper will be very useful for the students who are preparing for various Competitive
Examinations.

Evaluation: 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.

Reading List:
1. Ishita Banerjee-Dube, A History of Modern India, Cambridge University Press, 2015.
2. R.C. Majumdar, History of the Freedom Movement in India, 3 Vols.
3. Neeladri Bhattacharya, The Great Agrarian Conquest, Permanent Black in Association with
Ashoka University, New Delhi, 2018.
4. Bipan Chandra, India’s Struggle for Independence, New Delhi, 1989.
5. Sumit Sarkar, Modern India (1889-1947)
6. R.P. Dutt, India Today, II edn., Calcutta, 1970.
7. Shekhar Bandopadhyay, From Plassey to Partition and after, A History of Modern India,
New Delhi, 2004.
8. A.C. Banerjee, Indian Constitutional Documents, Vol. II & III.
9. Irfan Habib, Indian Economy, 1858-1916, New Delhi, 2013.
10. Irfan Habib, Essays on Indian History-towards a Marxist Perception, Tulika, New Delhi,
1995.
11. Irfan Habib, National Movement, Delhi, 2017.
12. Ayesha Jalal, The Sole Spokesman : Jinnah, the Muslim League and the demand for Pakistan,
New York, 1994.
13. Mushirul Hasan, Nationalism and Communal Politics in India, 1885 -1930, Manohar, New
Delhi, 1991.
14. Mridula Mukherjee, Peasants in India’s Non-Violent Revolution, Practice and Theory, New
Delhi , 2004.
15. ----, Colonising Agriculture: The Myth of Punjab Exceptionalism, Sage Publications, New
Delhi, 2005.
16. Tara Chand, History of Freedom Movement in India, 2 vols., 1965.
17. Judith M. Brown, Gandhiji’s Rise to Power, Indian Politics 1915-1922, Cambridge
University Press, 1972.
18. Francis G. Hutchins, India’s Revolution; Gandhiji and the Quit India Movement, New Delhi,
1971.
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2023-24 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester IV
Title of the Course: ECONOMIC HISTORY OF INDIA (1500-1750)
Course Code: HSBOMN4005 Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Minor Sessional 30
End Sem. 70
Contact Periods per week: 2L+1T Credit 02
Teachers: Dr. Tahir Hussain Ansari/Dr. Suhaib Qayyoom/Dr. Zeyaul Haque
Dr. Shivangini Tandon (WC)
Course Objectives:
 To acquire knowledge concerning the nature of the cultivation, peasantry, village
community, the zamindars and economic development during the Mughal Empire.
 To understand the working of the land revenue system and the composition of nobility
under the Mughals.
 To assess the growth of trade and commerce and the development of monetary
system.
 To examine the various factors for the decline of the Mughal empire and the theories
related to it.
UNIT – I
(i) The Land and People: Forests and extent of cultivation. Population estimates.
(ii) Agricultural production (means and methods of cultivation and irrigation,
agricultural produce.
(iii) Non-agricultural production: Agro-based production (textiles, Indigo, sugar, oil
etc.), mineral, mining, and metals; wood based crafts, organization of production.
UNIT – II
(i) Mughal Land Revenue System: Methods of assessment, magnitude, collection, mode
of payment.
(ii) Relief measures.
(iii) Land revenue administration.
UNIT – III
(i) Agrarian Relation: Revenue assignees and grantees, classification of zamindrs;
and their power and position.
(ii) Peasantry: Land rights, stratification and village community.
(iii) Relation between agrarian classes.
UNIT- IV
(i) Trade: Inland trade (local and region, inter-regional, coastal trade); Foreign trade
(trade routes and means of transport, administration and trade. Commerce.
(ii) Merchant communities (merchants, moneylender, sarrafs, brokers and Banjaras).
(iii) Commercial Practices (Bill of exchange, banking, Usury) Merchant trading
organization.
Course Outcomes: The students will learn:
 The economic and social changes in India after the establishment of the Mughal
empire.
 The assessment of overall economic progress and development of India during the
Mughal period.

Evaluation: 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
DOCUMENTS
1. Akbarnama, Vol.III, Beveridge, pp.413-41, (Fixation of Jama-i dahsala): pp.560-66
(Todar Mal’s recommendations). Unit- I & II
2. Ain-i Akbari, Vol.I, tr. Blochmann, ed. Phillot, Book II, Ain.19, on Suyurghal (pp.278-
80). Unit- I & II
3. Ain-i Akbari, Vol.II, tr. Jarret, Ain-i `Amalguzar (pp.46-50); Ain-i Bitikchi (pp.50-52);
Ain-i Khazanadar (pp.52-53); Ain-i Rawai Rozi (pp.53-59). Unit- I & II
4. Francisco Pelsaert, tr. Moreland & Geyl, Jahangir’s India, pp.1-69. Unit- I & III
5. Francois Bernier, Travels in the Mughal Empire, 1656-68, transl. A. Constable, Letters
to M. Colbert and M. de. La Mothe le Vayr. Unit- I & III.

Reading Lists:

1. W.H. Moreland - The Agrarian System of Moslem India, Central Book Depot,
Delhi, 1968.
2. –do– - India at the Death of Akbar, Atma Ram, Delhi, 1962.
3. –do– - From Akbar to Aurangzeb, Orient Books, New Delhi, 1972.
4. Irfan Habib - The Agrarian system of Mughal India1556-1717, Asia
Publication/OUP, New Delhi, 1963, 1999.
5. –do– - Essays in Indian History: Towards a Marxist Perception Tulika
Books, New Delhi, 1995. (esp. ‘Potentialities of Capitalism in
Mughal India’).
6. –do– - Technology in Medieval India, People’s History of India,
No.20, Tulika Books, New Delhi, 2008.
7. T. Raychaudhuri &
Irfan Habib - Cambridge Economic History of India vol.I, Orient Longman,
New Delhi, 1982.
8. J.S. Grewal (ed). - Social History of Medieval India (relevant chapters).
9. S. Moosvi - Economy of the Mughal Empire – A Statistical Study.
10. -do- - People, Taxation and Trade in Mughal India.
11. M. Athar Ali - Mughal Nobility Under Aurangzeb, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi, 1997.
12. K.N. Chaudhuri - The Trading World of Asia and the English East India
Company: 1660-1760, Cambridge University Press, New
Delhi.
13. Niels Steensgaard - The Asian Trade Revolution of the Seventeenth Century, Chapters I-IV
14. Om Prakash - European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India, New
Cambridge History Series.
15. S. Subrahmanian (ed.)- Merchants, Markets and the State in Early Modern India, 1994
16. Shireen Moosvi - Man and Environment in Mughal Era
17. Tahir.H.Ansari - Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar,
Manohar/Routledge, New Delhi, 2019.

PAPERS AND ARTICLES:

W.C. Smith - ‘The Mughal Empire and the Middle Classes’, Islamic Culture,
1944
S. Nurul Hasan - ‘Zamindars in the Mughal Empire’, IESHR, IV (3).
Satish Chandra - ‘Some Aspects of the Growth of Money Economy during the
17th Century’, IESHR, III (4) (1966).
-do- - ‘Some Aspects of Indian Village Society in Northern India
during the 18th century’, Indian Historical Review, I, (1974),
pp.51-64.
Irfan Habib - ‘Trimetallism in the Mughal Monetary system and the impact of the
silver influx’ Imperial Monetary System of Mughal India, ed. J.F.
Richards.
-do- - ‘The Eighteenth Century in Indian Economic History’, The
Eighteenth Century ed. Marshall
-do- - ‘Bills of Exchange in Mughal India’, Proc. of IHC,
Muzaffarpur Session, 1972.
-do- - ‘Merchant Communities in precolonial India’, The rise of
Merchant Empires, ed. J. Tracey.
A.J. Qaisar - ‘Distribution of Revenue Resources of the Mughal Empire
among the Nobility’, Proc. of IHC, Allahabad Session, 1965.
Iqtidar Alam Khan - ‘The Middle Classes in the Mughal Empire’ , Proc. of the IHC,
Aligarh Session, 1975. (Presidential Address, Medieval Indian
Section).
Aziza Hasan - ‘Silver Currency output in the Mughal Empire during the 16 th
and 17th centuries’, IESHR, VI, I (March 1969).
Najaf Haider - ‘Precious Metal Flows and Currency circulation in the Mughal
Empire’ JESHO, 39, 3,1996, pp.298-367.
Tahir H. Ansari - ‘The Nature of Relationship between the Chieftains of Bihar and
the Mughal empire’ in the Proceedings of Indian History
Congress, 71st sessions held in Malda, 2010-11, ISSN 2249-
1937, pp. 319-326.
-do- - ‘Zamindars of Bihar in Mughal Period’, in the Khuda Bakhsh
Library Journal, Patna, no. 159, January-March, 2010, Reg. no.
33424/77, pp. 51-59.
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2023-24 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester IV
Title of the Course: MEDIEVAL INDIA: ART & CULTURE (c.1500-1700 AD)
Course Code: HSBOGE4006 Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Generic Elective Course Sessional 30
End Sem. 70
Contact Periods per week: 4L+1T Credit 04
Teachers: Dr. Fazila Shahnawaz/Dr. Saifullah Saifi
Dr. Arshia Shafqat (WC)

Course Objectives: The main objectives of this course are:

 To familiarize learners with various aspects of Medieval Indian art and culture.
 To highlight significant cultural developments during the medieval period.
 To discuss building complexes, ceramics, miniature paintings, literature, music, customs,
festivals and other aspects of the Mughal period within its historical context.

UNIT-I
(i) Development of Mughal Architecture: Palaces, Mosques, Tombs, Forts, Public works;
(ii) Building Decoration: Pietradura: Lattice work (Jali) Ceramic Art, (Tile work);
(iii) Mughal Gardens.

UNIT-II
(i) Development of Painting under the Mughals: Book Illustrations and Portraiture;
(ii) European Influence on Mughal Painting.

UNIT-III
(i) Literary development: Literature in Persian, Sanskrit, Regional: Braj, Awadhi, Punjabi,
hindavi, rekhta and Dakhani languages, Translation of Sanskrit works in Persian.
(ii) Development of Music;
(iii) Education; position of women; slavery.

UNIT-IV
(i) Etiquettes and Civility: akhlaq, adab, tahjzib;
(ii) Social Norms and Customs: marriage; festivals and ceremonies; cuisine; dresses;
(iii) Sufism and Bhatism. The monotheistic movements: Lingayats, Namdev, Kabir and Nanak,
Tulsidas, Chaitinya; Rise of New Faiths: Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity.

Course Outcomes:
 Student is able to learn about the art and cultural splendor under the Mughals from 1500 to
1700 A.D.
 Student is able to understand the development of art, architecture, music, Sufism, Bhakti
movement and rise of new faiths in this period.
 Student will have an idea about the education, position of women, festivals, ceremonies,
cuisine and etiquettes of the period.

Evaluation : 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
Reading List:
1. S. A. A. Rizvi, The Wonder that was India, Vol. II, 1987, London.
2. P. N. Chopra, Some aspects of Mughal Society and Culture during the Mughal Age (1526-
1707), Agra.
3. K. A. Nizami, Studies in Medieval Indian Culture, Allahabad, 1966.
4. Yusuf Husain, Glimpses of Medieval Indian Culture, Bombay, 1957.
5. A. L. Ssrivastav, Medieval Indian Culture, Agra, 1964.
6. A. Rahman (ed.), History of Indian Science, Technology and Culture, 1000-1800 A.D., Oxford.
7. Percy Brown, Indian Architecture (Islamic Period), Mumbai, D.P. Taraporevale, reprint, 1997.
8. Z.A. Desai, Indo-Islamic Architecture, New Delhi Publications Division, Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1970.
9. Sayed A. Khan, Asar-us-Sanadid (Translation by R. Nath as Monuments of Delhi; Historical
study), New Delhi, Indian Institute of Islamic Studies, 1979.
10. Carel. J. Du Ry, Art of Islam, Harry N Abrams, 1971.
11. Y.D. Sharma, Delhi and its Neighbourhood, New Delhi, Archeological Survey of India, 1982.
12. R. Nath, Coloured Decoration in Mughal Architecture, Bombay, Taraporvale, c.1970.
13. George Mitchell, Islamic Heritage of the Deccan, Bombay, Marg Publications, c.1986.
14. L. Ashton (ed.), Art of India and Pakistan, U.K, Little Brown & Company, 1950.
15. David Talbot Rice, Islamic Art, rev. ed. London, Thames and Hudson, 1975.
16. Subhash Parihar, Some Aspect of Indo-Islamic Architecture, New Delhi, Abhinav Publications,
1999.
17. Daljeet, Mughal and Deccani Paintings, New Delhi, Prakash Books, 1999.
18. S.P. Verma; Mughal Painters and Their Works (A Bibliographical Survey and Comprehensive
Catalogue), Aligarh/Delhi, Centre of Advanced Study in History, A.M.U./Oxford University
Press, 1994.
19. Shamim Khan; History of Islamic Architecture, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal and Provincial Period,
CBS, 2016.
20. Chahryar Adle and Irfan Habib (ed), History of Civilizations of Central Asia (Vol. V.), Motilal
Banarsodas Publishers, 2009. (relevant chapters).
21. Salma Yusuf Husain, The Mughal Feast: Recipes From The Kitchen Of Emperor Shah Jahan,
Delhi, 2019.
 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY
Session: 2023-2024 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester IV
Title of the Course: DEVELOPMENT OF ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN ANCIENT INDIA
Course Code: HSBOGE4007
Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Generic Elective Sessional 30
End Sem. 70
Contact Periods per week: 4L+1T
Credit 04
Teachers: Dr. Md. Nazrul Bari
Dr. Arshia Shafqat (WC)

Course Objectives:
 To impart the knowledge of the development of art and architecture in India.
 To develop the understanding of various school of sculptures
 To provide the knowledge of the evolution of Temple architecture in India
UNIT-I
Indus art and architecture; Early terracotta art; Nature, antecedents & sources of Mauryan art
(esp. Asokan Pillars & Capitals); Mathura: themes and main features.

UNIT-II
Gandhara art: themes and main features; Gupta School of art; Buddhist architecture:
classification, origins and essential elements; stupas at Sarnath, Bharhut and Sanchi.

UNIT-III
Rock cut architecture: Development of rock-cut architecture, with special reference to Lomas
Rishi, Ajanta, Ellora. Forms and techniques; Ajanta mural paintings (detailed study): themes
and their treatment; Development of Temple Architecture in Northern India: Gupta and early
medieval styles.

UNIT-IV
Pratihara Temples; The south Indian temples: Development under Pallavs and Cholas; Forts
and Fortification: Forts of Kalinjar, Ranthambhor, Chittorgarh, Bayana

Course Outcomes:
 Development of the basic understanding of Indian art and architecture of ancient
period.
 Development of the knowledge of the characteristic features of Indian composite
culture.
 Development of the skills to preserve and conserve the Indian Heritage.

Evaluation : 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.
Reading List:

V.A. Smith - History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, Oxford 1911.
Percy Brown - Indian Architecture, vol. I, Bombay, 1971
S.K. Saraswati - A Survey of Indian Sculptures, Calcutta, 1957.
Niharranjan Ray - Mauryan and Sunga Art, Calcutta, 1945.
C. Sivaramamurti - Indian Sculpture, New Delhi, 1961.
A.K. Coomaraswamy - History of Indian and Indonesian Art, New York, 1965.
R.C. Majumdar (ed.) - The Age of Imperial Unity, (relevant chapters).
-do- - The Classical Age (relevant chapters).
-do- - The Age of Imperial Kanauj (relevant chapters).
N.P. Joshi - Mathura Sculpture, Agra, 1966.
R.C., Sharma - Buddhist Art of Mathura, Delhi, 1984.
J.C. Harle - Gupta Sculpture.
Alan Watts - The Temple of Konarak, Erotic Spirituality, New Delhi, 1971.
V.S. Agrawala - Indian Art, Varanasi, 1965.
K.V. Soundara Rajan - Indian Temple Styles, New Delhi, 1972.
Fergusson, J. - A History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, vol.I, New Delhi,
1972.
Krishna Deva - Temples of India, 2 vols., New Delhi, 1995.
M. Bussagli & Sivaramamurti - 5000 Years of Art of India, New Delhi.
Benoy K. Behl - The Ajanta Caves, Ancient Paintings of Buddhist India, London, 1998.
A. Ghosh - Ajanta Murals, New Delhi, 1967.
 *CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY*
Session: 2023-24 Department of History
A.M.U., Aligarh
B.A. Semester IV
Title of the Course: GENDER IN INDIAN HISTORY: THE COLONIAL PERIOD
Course Code: HSBOGE4008
Max. Marks 100
Course Category: Generic Elective
Sessional 30
Contact Periods per week: 4L+1T End Sem. 70
Credit 04
Teachers: Prof. Shadab Bano (WC)
Dr. Gulrukh Khan
Course Objectives:
The course explains the gender relations in the century when Mughal social normative still held
sway and the European officers of the British East India Company imitated the Mughal lifestyle.
The change of colonial gaze and attacks over the ‘women’s question’ in the next century will
become clear. The course will explain the Indian response and social reforms, gender in
nationalist movement. The focus will be on the development of feminist consciousness during
the course of women receiving education, undertaking community work and importantly in the
freedom struggle which will take into account the major women campaigns.
Unit I
18th century Gender Relations and Early Colonialism
Gender at the 18th century courts and public spaces
White men and household: zenanas and bibis
Representation of gender relations in Literature
Unit II
Colonialism and Indian Response
Colonial economy: shifts in women’s production activities, gender relations in new arenas
The ‘Women’s Question’ and women’s reform in Bengal Renaissance
Movement for women’s education
Unit III
Nationalism and gender relations
Bharatmata iconography, public and private dichotomy in nationalist movement
Women’s role and participation in nationalist struggles
Feminist consciousness and Freedom Movement
Unit IV
Women in Education and Movements
Women pioneers in education: Ramabai and Rokeya Sakhawat
Women in Aligarh
Movement for women’s rights: AIWC
Course Outcomes:
We expect the students to be able to understand
 The gendered developments of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the changing colonial
attitudes.
 Nature of Indian response to the colonial discourse, the major issues in reform taken up by
communities in different regions.
 the focus on women’s reform by both the reformists and the revivalists
 The focus on women’s education and the development of feminist consciousness despite the ‘suitable
education’ for women and original design of the girls’ schools.
 Gender in nationalism, women’s role and participation in the freedom struggle and the growth of
consciousness by which women began to demand their civic, legal and political rights.
 The struggle and role of women pioneers in education and the women’s collective in campaigning for
women’s rights.
Evaluation: 30 marks for continuous internal assessment and 70 marks is for end semester exam.

Reading List:
1. Michael H. Fisher, Women and the feminine in the court and culture of Awadh, 1722-1856,
in Women in the Medieval Islamic World: power, patronage, and piety, New York : St.
Martin's Press, 1998.
2. Indrani Chatterjee, Gender, Slavery and Law in Colonial India , Oxford
Universit y Press, New Delhi, 1999
3. Durba Ghosh, Sex and the Family in Colonial India, Cambridge University Press, New York,
2006.
4. Ruth Vanita, Gender, Sex and the City:Urdu Rekhti Poetry in India 1780-1870, Orient Black
Swan, New Delhi, 2012
5. Carla Petievich, ‘Gender Politics and the Urdu Ghazal: Exploratory Observations on Rekhta
versus Rekhti’, Exploring Medieval India II , sixteenth century to eighteenth century,ed.
Meena Bhargava, New Delhi, 2010J. Krishnamurty, Women in Colonial India; Essays on
Survival, Work and the State.
6. Geraldine Forbes, Women in Modern India, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.
7. Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories. Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 1993 [Chapters on Women].
8. Samita Sen, Women and Labour in late Colonial India: The Bengal Jute Industry, Cambridge
University Press, New York, 2006.
9. Radha Kumar, History of Doing, Verso, London, 1993.
10. Kumkum Sanghari & Sudesh Vaid (ed.), Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History, N.J.
Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 1990.
11. Leela Kasturi & Vina Muzumdar, Women and Indian Nationalism, Vikas Pub. House, New
Delhi, 1994.
12. Aparna Basu & Bharati Ray: The All-India Women’s Conference, 1927-1970, A.I.W.C, New
Delhi, 1970
13. Tanika Sarkar. “The Hindu Wife and Hindu Nation: Domesticity and Nationalism in
Nineteenth Century Bengal”, Studies in History, New Delhi, 1992.
14. Sonia Nishat Amin. ‘Rokiya Sakhawat Hossain and The Legacy of the Bengal Renaissance,’
Journal of Asiatic Society, Bangladesh, 84, No.2 (December, 1989).
15. Sekhar Bandyopadhyay. ‘Caste, Widow-remarriage and the Reform of Popular Culture in
Colonial Bengal,’ From the Seams of History: Essays on Indian Women , in Bharati Ray
(ed.), OUP, Delhi, 1995.
16. Meera Kosambi.’Women, Emancipation and Equality: Pandita Ramabai’s Contribution to
Women’s Cause’, EPW, 23, No.44 (Oct. 29, 1988).
17. Bharati Ray. ‘The Freedom Movement and Feminist Consciousness in Bengal, 1905-1929’,
From Seams of History: Essays on Indian Women, in Bharati Ray (ed.), OUP, Delhi, 1995.
18. Nirmala Banerjee. ‘Working Women in Colonial Bengal: Modernization and
Marginalization,’ Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History, Kumkum Sanghari &
Sudesh Vaid (ed.), N.J. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 1990.
19. Susie Tharu & K. Lalita. “Literature of the Reform and Nationalist Movement”, The
“Twentieth Century Women Writing the Nation”, Women Writing in India, Vol.I 600 BC to
the Early Twentieth Century, Feminist Press, New York, 1991; Vol.II- The Twentieth
Century, Feminist Press, New York, 1993.
20. Shadab Bano, ‘Rashid Jahan’s Writings: Resistance and Challenging Boundaries, Angaare
and Onwards, Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 19(1), 57-71.