Question Bank

I. CONCEPTES OF HEALTH AND DISEASE

Short answer questions:

1. John Snow and his contribution to the science of epidemiology.

2. Louis Pasteur and his contribution to the progress of Medicine.
3. Robert Koch and his contribution to the progress of Medicine.
4. Define health and describe the dimensions of health.
5. Describe the spectrum of health.
6. Enumerate the determinants of health. Describe the lifestyles that affect our health.
7. Enumerate the indications of the health. Describe the physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)
8. What is Sullivan’s index and what is its significance?
9. Enumerate the mortality indicators of health. Give reasons for decrease in crude death rate.
10. What do you understand by the term expectation of life? How is it computed? What is its
significance?
11. Enumerate the socio –economic indicators.
12. Explain different levels of health care giving suitable example.
13. What are components of epidemiology triad? What is its significance?
14. Describe the natural history of Vitamin A deficiency disorders and suggest different modes of
intervention.
15. Explain iceberg phenomenon with suitable example.
16. Define concepts, prevention, elementation, eradication of disease in the community.
17. What is primordial prevention? Explain how it can be achieved with suitable examples.
18. What is primary prevention? How it can be achieved?
19. What do you understand by the term rehabilitation? Explain different type of rehabilitation with
suitable examples.
20. Explain various levels of prevention with suitable example.
21. Influence of literacy on health status of individual.
22. Influence of socio economic status on the health status of the population.

II. PRINCIPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL METHODS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE

EPIDEMIOLOGY.

Short answer questions:

1. Define epidemiology. Enumerate the different epidemiology methods.

2. Discuss the epidemiological approach to problem of health and disease.
3. Enumerate the measurement used in epidemiology. Describe the tools used for measurement.
4. What are the uses and limitations of mortality data?
5. What is case fatality rate and its significance?
6. Define incidence and prevalence. What are the uses of incidence and prevalence rates?
7. Describe the important features of common source outbreaks with suitable examples.
8. What is the use of spot maps in epidemiology?
9. Discuss the role of migrant studies in epidemiology.
10. Describe relative risk and attributable risk and compare them
11. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of cohort studies.
12. Describe the methodology of design of a randomized controlled trial.
13. What are non-randomized controlled trials? What are the advantages of this type of trials over
the randomized controlled trials?
14. What are the criteria for judging causal associations?
15. Define epidemiology. What are the uses of epidemiology?
16. What is Zoonosis? Enumerate the zoonotic diseases commonly found in India.
17. What are ‘nosocomial infections’? How do you prevent them?
18. Define and explain the terms “Source” and “Reservoir” of infection.
19. Describe the role of carrier in communicable disease.
20. Define carriers. Enumerate different types of carriers of infectious disease with suitable
examples.
21. Describe the various modes of transmission of communicable diseases with suitable examples.
22. Biological transmission through vectors.
23. With the help if appropriate diagram describe the incubation period. What is the importance of
incubation period in epidemiological studies?
24. Define incubation period. What is its epidemiological significance?
25. What is secondary attack rate and what is its significance?
26. Define immunity? What are differences between active and passive immunity?
27. Compare and contrast the primary and secondary immune response.
28. What is herd immunity? How is it maintained in the community?
29. What are the advantages of live vaccines over killed vaccines?
30. Define cold chain. Why is it required? List the cold chain equipment.
31. Describe the principles of communicable diseases control.
32. What is a notifiable disease? What is the importance of notification?
33. What is the difference between isolation and quarantine?
34. What is quarantine? How does it differ from isolation?
35. What are the objectives of Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)? Describe the immunization
schedule under UIP.
36. Describe the national immunization schedule.
37. What is chemoprophylaxis? Describe the chemoprophylaxis for Malaria.
38. What is disinfection? Describe various methods of disinfection.
39. Enumerate the steps involved in the investigation of an epidemic.

III. SCREENING FOR DISEASE:

Short answer questions:

1. Define screening for disease in the community? Which are the types of screening? Enumerate
advantages and disadvantages of each one of them.
2. Explain the terms screening? Case of finding and diagnostic tests.
3. Describe the uses of a screening test.
4. Describe the various types of screening.
5. What are the criteria for a screening test? Enumerate the differences between a screening and
diagnostic tests.
6. Briefly describe the measures used for the evaluation of a screening test.
7. Define Sensitivity and specificity of a screening test. What is their role in the evaluation of a
screening programme?

IV. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Long question:

1. Define Acute Respiratory infections . Discuss the etiology, classification, common complication
and standard case management of ARI and preventive and control measures.
2. Define a case of tuberculosis. Describe the case finding methodology under the National
Tuberculosis Control Programme.
3. Discuss poliomyelitis under following headings:
-Magnitude of the problem
-Salient epidemiological and clinical features.
-Current strategy to eradicate poliomyelitis

4. Describe the outbreak response immunization in Poliomyelitis and surveillance of actue faccid
paralysis

5. Describe the differential diagnosis of poliomyelitis.

6. What is Pulse Polio Immunization? Explain the rationale for this approach

7. Mention the merits and demerits of OPV.

8. Enumerate the different type of Hepatitis viruses. Discuss hepatitis B under the following
headings:

- Agent and lost factors

- Modes of transmission
- Prevention and containment

Discuss the steps in the investigation of a Cholera epidemic.

9. Discuss the Actue diarrhoeal diseases according to

- Etiology
- Consequences
- Management and prevention
10. Define a carrier of Typhoid. Describe different types of typhoid carrier. How do you prevent and
control them in the community?
11. Define food poisoning. Enumerate the causes of food poisoning. What are the steps in the
investigation of food poisoning?
12. What is the etiology of dracunculiasis. Discuss the strategies in the eradication of dracunculiasis.
13. Discuss dengue haemorrhagic fever in relation to its epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory
diagnosis and control measures.
14. Cases of Falciparum Malaria are being reported in our area. You being the Medical Officer in
charge , what are measures you will take to prevent the spread.
15. What is Annual parasitic incidence and what is its significance? Discuss the active surveillance of
malaria under modified plan of operation.
16. What are the indications of anti-rabies treatment? What are the advantages of tissue culture
vaccine over nervous tissue vaccines?
17. Enumerate arboviral diseases. Discuss the salient features of Yellow fever. Explain why yellow
fever is not found in India.
18. What are arboviral diseases? How are they classified? Enumerate the salient epidemiological
features of Japanese Encephalitis. Discuss the preventive and control measures.
19. What are the epidemiological features of Kyasanur Forest Disease? How do you prevent and
control KFD in the community?
20. Give a brief outline of natural history of plague. What were the factors that precipitated the
recent plague epidemic in India? What measures are to be undertaken to control an outbreak of
bubonic plague in a district.
21. Enumerate the different types of leishmaniasis. Describe the salient epidemiological features of
leishmaniasis. Discuss the control measures.
22. What is multidrug therapy? What are the advantages if MDT over single drug regimen? How is it
being applied in the leprosy eradication in India?
23. Discuss Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome under:-
- Natural history of the disease
- Clinical features
- Prevention and control

Short answer questions:

1. Epidemiological factors which led to eradication of small pox.

2. Difference between chickenpox and smallpox
3. Measles vaccine
4. Complications of measles
5. Congenital Rubella
6. MMR vaccine
7. Influenza vaccine
8. Schick test
9. Control of diphtheria
10. DPT vaccine
11. Control of pertussis
12. Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
13. Epidemiological indices in TB
14. Tuberculin test
15. BCG vaccine
16. Case finding in Tuberculosis
17. Short course chemotherapy for treatment of Tuberculosis
18. DOTS strategy for tuberculosis control
19. Chest symptomatic in tuberculosis
20. Poliomyelitis exhibits a iceberg phenomenon – justify the statement
21. Strategies for eradication of poliomyelitis
22. Epidemiological basis fir eradication of poliomyelitis
23. OPV vaccine
24. Enumerate the different hepatitis viruses and explain the modes of transmission of each.
25. Vaccine against Viral hepatitis A.
26. Hepatitis B vaccine.
27. Carriers in cholera
28. Lab diagnosis of Cholera
29. Primary prevention for diarrhoeal diseases
30. Enumerate control measures for Typhoid fever
31. Staphylococcal food poisoning
32. Botulism
33. Prevention and control of amoebiasis.
34. Write short notes on soil transmitted helminthes
35. Chandlers index
36. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and its prevention.
37. Case finding of malaria cases under the modified plan of operation.
38. Extrinsic incubation period
39. Occult filariasis
40. Nervous tissue rabies vaccine
41. Cell culture rabies vaccine
42. Management of a class III dog bites
43. Management of a class II dog bites
44. Epidemiology of JE,KFD
45. 17D vaccine
46. Describe international health regulations for Yellow fever.
47. Aedes egypti index.
48. Why yellow fever is not seen in India.
49. Natural history of KFD
50. Blacked flea
51. Elimination of neonatal tetanus
52. Prevention of neonatal tetanus
53. Prevention of tetanus after injury.
54. Case finding in Leprosy.
55. Role of survey, education and treatment centre and leprosy control unit under the National
Leprosy Eradication Programme.
56. Bacteriological examination in Leprosy
57. Lepromin test
58. Multidrug therapy in Leprosy
59. Describe the natural history of AIDS with suitable diagrams.
60. Modes of transmission of HIV infection.
61. Perineal transmission of AIDS.
62. High risk behavior of acquiring HIV infection.
63. Commercial sex workers and AIDS.
64. Iceberg phenomenon in AIDS
65. Window period in HIV infection and its significance
66. Opportunistic infections in AIDS
67. AIDS related complex.
68. Serological tests for HIV infection
69. Screening test for HIV infection.
70. Pretest and post test counseling for HIV infection.
71. Health education to prevent transmission of AIDS.
72. Universal precaution
73. Anti retroviral drugs commonly used in the treatment of AIDS.
74. Vaccine against AIDS.
75. Tuberculosis in HIV infected individuals.

V. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES:

01. Describe reasons for the increase of burden of non-communicable diseases in India.
02. Outline the preventive and control measures of coronary heart disease.
03. Enumerate the coronary risk factors.
04. Explain the role of dietary fats in the control of cardiovascular diseases.
05. Explain the role of halves in hypertension.
06. Enumerate the risk factors for hypertension. Outline the preventive and control measures.
07. Describe the diagnostic criteria for Rheumatic fever.
08. Describe the secondary prevention of Rheumatic heart disease.
09. List out common causes of cancers in India. What are the factors that have led to such a pattern
in India? What are the screening tests available for early detection of cancer of the female
genital tract?
10. What are the danger signals of cancer? Enumerate the functions of different types of cancer
registries?
11. Describe the measures for early detection of cancer.
12. Describe the primordial prevention in relation to cancer.
 13. What is the magnitude of the problem of cancer in India? Outline the strategy under National
Cancer Control Programme.
14. What are the risk factors of oral cancer? Outline control measures.
15. What are the risk factors associated with breast cancer?
16. Mention the methods of early detection of breast cancer.
17. Classify diabetes mellitus. What is the magnitude of the problem of diabetes mellitus in India?
How would you prevent and control diabetes in the community?
18. Describe the indices used to measure obesity in the community.
19. What are the health hazards of obesity? Suggest measures to weight reduction.
20. Define blindness. Classify visual impairment as per WHO. How do you prevent and control
blindness in India community?
21. Enumerate the primary factors in accidents.

VI.DEMOGRAPHY AND FAMILY PLANNING

Short answer questions:

01. Demographic cycle

02. Demographic gap
03. Define the terms birth rate, death rate and growth rate. Discuss these rates in Indian context.
04. What is population explosion? How do you control it in India?
05. Describe various stages in demographic cycle.
06. What is age pyramid? How to interpret population structure based on age pyramid?
07. Describe salient features of age pyramids of developed and developing countries and their
significance.
08. Age pyramid and its significance.
09. What is the concept of sex ratio? Discuss its significance with reference to the status of woman.
10. Sex ratio in India.
11. Describe demographic trends in India.
12. What is family size? Enumerate the factors influencing family size.
13. Enumerate the determinants of fertility rate.
14. Enumerate various fertility indices. Define and explain the concept of total fertility rate.
15. General fertility rate
16. Briefly describe the terms gross reproduction rate and net reproduction rate.
17. Net reproduction rate
18. Briefly describe how female literacy is one of the most important determinants of fertility.
19. Causes of high birth rate in India.
20. Briefly describe the measures to reduce the birth rate in India.
21. Suggest non family planning methods to reduce the birth rate in India.
22. Define family planning and describe its scope.
23. Small family norm
24. Define eligible couples. What is meant by couple protection rate?
25. Enumerate demographic goals.
26. Define an ideal contraceptive. What is meant by cafeteria approach?
27. Define conventional contraceptive and enumerate the same.
28. Enumerate the barrier methods. What are the advantages of barrier method?
29. Define conventional contraceptive and enumerate the same.
30. Ideal IUD candidate
 31. Injectable contraceptives
32. Natural family planning methods.
33. Guidelines for sterilization
34. Complications of vasectomy.
35. Causes of failure of vasectomy.
36. No-scalpel vasectomy
37. Postoperative advice after tubectomy
38. Pearl index
39. Write short note on Post partum programme.
40. Functions of post partum centre.
41. Advantages, disadvantages and common side effects of Copper T
42. Describe merits and adverse effects of oral contraceptive pills.
43. Why was Medical Terminal of Pregnancy (MTP) Act introduced in India? What are the indications
of MTP under MTP Act?
44. Suggest non family planning methods to bring down the birth rate in India.

VII. MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH

Short answer question:

1. Write short note on preventive paediatrics

2. Write short note on social obstetrics.
3. What are the objectives of Antenatal care?
4. Describe the contents of antenatal care?
5. Enumerate the high risk mothers.
6. What are the objectives of Antenatal care? What antenatal advice should be give to the mother
during routine antenatal checkups?
7. Diet during pregnancy and its significance.
8. Describe the patterns of weight gain during pregnancy and its significance.
9. What are the specific health protection measures practiced in antenatal care?
10. Who are the grass root level workers providing the intra-natal care in rural India?
11. How would you ensure safe deliveries by trained birth attendants?
12. Write short notes on disposable delivery kit.
13. What is domiciliary midwifery service?
14. What are the danger signals during labour?
15. Define puerperium. What are the objectives of postnatal care? What are the complications of
postnatal period?
16. What are the objectives of postnatal care?
17. What are the complications during postnatal period and how to overcome the same?
18. What are the 3 broad areas in which the postnatal mother is restored to optimum health?
19. What should be the contents of health education to postnatal mothers?
20. What is essential new born care and what are its components?
21. Define low birth weight. Enumerate the causes of Low birth weight in India.
22. Define low birth weight. What are the methods of preventing low birth weight.
23. Define exclusive breast feeding. Enumerate the benefits of breast feeding.
24. What is the difference between cow’s milk and human milk?
25. What is weaning? When it has to be started? Which are the weaning foods that can be given?
26. What is growth monitoring and what are its objectives?
27. What is road to health chart? What are the uses of Road to health card?
28. Enumerate specific micro-nutrient deficiencies among under fives.
29. What are the objectives of underfive clinic? Describe the components of under five clinics.
30. Describe the national goals of Maternal and Child Health (MCH).
31. What are the objectives of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood programme. Enumerate the
components of CSSM programme.
32. Enumerate the objectives and package of services under Child survival and safe motherhood
programme.
33. Write short notes on first referral unit.
34. What are the preventive services available for the mother?
35. How would you prevent anaemia in pregnancy and its consequences?
36. Describe the control of Vitamin A deficiency as suggested in Child Survival and Safe Motherhood
programme.
37. Enumerate Child Survival strategies.
38. Describe Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative.
39. What are the specific objectives of Maternal and Child Health (MCH?
40. Enumerate the indicators of maternal and child health and comment on the current status of
health of the mothers and children.
41. Define maternal mortality rate. What are the social factors influencing maternal mortality?
42. What are measures to decrease maternal mortality rate in India?
43. Define perinatal period. What are the causes of perinatal mortality in India?
44. Define under five mortality rate and enumerate the causes of under five mortality in India.
45. Define infant mortality. What are the factors influencing infant mortality?
46. Describe the causes of infant mortality in India?
47. Define under five mortality rate and enumerate the causes of under five mortlity in India.
48. Enumerate objectives of school health services.
49. Write short notes on handicapped children.
50. Short notes on juvenile delinquency.
51. Child guidance clinic.
52. Mention the services, beneficiaries and personnel involved in Integrated Child Development
Scheme programme.

LONG question:

01. Enumerate the “at risk infants”? What are the direct and indirect interventions undertaken to
prevent low birth weight?
02. What is low birth weight? What is the magnitude of low birth weight in India?
 How do you take care of a low birth weight baby with help of a growth chart?
03. What are the objectives of Reproduction and Child Health? (RCH).
What are the salient features of RCH programme?
04. What is a maternal death? Enumerate the causes of maternal mortality in India.
How can you prevent anemia in pregnancy?
05. Define infant mortality rate. What is the current infant mortality in India?
What are the preventive measures to decrease infant mortality rate?
06. List out the health problems of the aged.
What type of services do you provide their needs?

VIII. NUTRITION

Write short notes on:

1. What do you mean by the term biologically complete protein? Describe the supplementary
action of protein giving suitable example.
2. Enumerate the merits and demerits of fats in our daily diet.
3. Phrenoderma
4. Role of dietary fibre in maintaining health.
5. Nutritional blindness and its prevention.
6. Vitamin A prophylaxis programme
7. Role of Vitamin A in safeguarding health.
8. Describe the clinical manifestations, prevention and control of Vitamin A deficiency in under
fives.
9. Prevention of Iron deficiency anaemia.
10. What are the causes of nutritional anaemia? Outline the preventive measures.
11. Mention etiology. Prevention and control of nutritional anaemias in India.
12. What are the clinical features of Iodine deficiency disorders?
13. What is the strategy for control of Iodine deficiency disorders?
14. Describe endemic fluorosis.Outline the procedure for deflouridation of water on a small scale.
15. Green leafy vegetables and their significance in diet.
16. Describe the factors affecting the energy requirement of individuals.
17. What is a reference protein? How do you assess the quality of protein?
18. Enumerate the recommended dietary goals.
19. Discuss the epidemiology and control of protein energy malnutrition in India.
20. Prevention and control of protein energy malnutrition in India.
21. What is nutritional rehabilitation and how is it carried out?
22. Describe neurolathyrism and its control measures.
23. What is neurolathyrism ? Outline the preventive measures for it.
24. Describe the methods of assessment of nutritional status in a community.
25. Nutritional anthropometry
26. Nutritional surveillance.
27. Aflatoxins
28. What is pasteurization and what are its merits
29. Etiology, clinical features and prevention of epidemic dropsy.
30. What is epidemic dropsy and how it can be controlled?
31. Describe food fortification giving suitable examples.
32. What is food adulteration? Describe the prevention of food adulteration act.
33. National nutritional programmes in India.
34. Mid day meal programme.
35. Enumerate the beneficiaries and the services under Integrated Child Development
Services scheme (ICDS)

Long questions:

01. Enumerate the clinical manifestations of iodine deficiency disorders. What is the strategy for
prevention of IDD in India..
02. Discuss the epidemiology features and control of iodine deficiency disorders in India.
03. Define balanced diet. Plan a balanced diet giving reasons for 25 year old woman breast feeding
a 3 month old baby.
04. Describe the etiology, early detection, prevention and control of protein energy malnutrition.
05. What are the objectives of a diet survey? Enumerate different methods of conduct of diet
Survey and describe any one of them.

IX. SOCIOLOGY:

Short answer questions:

01. Explain the term acculturation. Give suitable examples.

02. Enumerate different social organizations. Describe the role of family in health.
03. What is family? Enumerate different types family. How do we assess the socio-economic
status of the family?
04. Define family. What are the types of families that we come across in India?
05. Briefly describe the cultural factors in health and giving suitable examples.
06. How do we assess the socio-economic status of the community?
07. Write short notes on Social class and health.
08. Describe diseases of poverty and affluence.
09. Write short notes on Medical Social Worker.
10. What are the social problems affecting Indian community?
11. What is poverty line? Explain how poverty is related to health?
12. What is social security? Enumerate different social security measures available for the
population of India.
x. ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH

Short answer questions:

01. Describe the bacteriological standards of drinking water.

02. Describe the chemical standards of drinking water.
03. Enumerate the sources of air pollution.
What are the health hazards? Mention control measures.
04. What are the health hazards of noise pollution? Suggest preventive and control measures.
05. Enumerate the radiation hazards.
06. Outline the preventive measures for the persons working in the Radiology dept.
07. Describe the heat stress indices.
08. Describe the indices of thermal control.
09. Briefly describe heat exhaustion and measures to combat the same.
10. Enumerate the reasons for global warming. What are it consequences?
11. Enumerate reasons for the ozone layer depletion. What are its consequences?
12. Explain the phenomenon of global warming and green house effect.
13. Enumerate the methods of refuse disposal. Briefly describe composting.
14. Describe faecoral transmission of communicable diseases with suitable diagram. Enumerate
the measures that are effective in the routes of transmission.
15. What is sanitation barrier and its significance.

MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY.

Short answer questions:

01. Enumerate the arthropods of medical importance and the disease transmitted by them.
02. Describe with appropriate examples the different modes of transmission of vector borne
diseases.
03. Define vector. Discuss the integrated approach to control the arthropods of public health
importance.
04. Describe the mosquito control measures.
05. Describe the biological methods of mosquito control.

XI. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

01. Ergonomics and its application in industry.

02. What is pneumoconiosis? List out different types of pneumoconiosis and the work exposure
that lead to them.
03. Enumerate different types of pneumoconiosis. What are the personal protective measures
and prevention against pneumoconiosis?
04. What is asbestosis? What are the risks associated with it?
05. What is plumbism? How it is diagnosed? What are the preventive measures?
06. Describe occupational cancers. Which are the industries responsible in the causation and what
are the preventive measures?
07. Enumerate occupational cancer. What are the characteristic features of occupational cancer?
08. What are the health hazards of agricultural workers?
09. Write short notes on sickness absenteeism.
10. What are the health hazards of industrialization?
11. What is the significance of preplacement examination?
12. Discuss prevention of occupational diseases in relation to medical measures and engineering
measures.
13. What are the provisions under the Indian Factories Acts?
14. Enumerate the benefits of Employees State Insurance Scheme.
15. Write short notes on Benefits under ESI scheme.
16. Enumerate the differences between medical benefit and sickness benefit under ESI scheme.

XII. GENETICS

Short answer questions:

01. Dominant gene.

02. Down’s syndrome
03. Gene therapy
04. Population genetics
05. Hardley Wienberg’s law.
06. Genetic counseling.
07. Eugenics.

XIII. HEALTH INFORMATIONS SYSTEM

01. What is health information system? Enumerate the requirement to be satisfied by the health
information system.
02. Enumerate components and uses of health information system.
03. Enumerate the sources of health information. Briefly discuss the limitations of hospital
records as a source of health information in Indian context.
04. What is census? How census data can be used for health planning?
05. Define vital events registration system. What are the reasons for the registration system in
India is unreliable?
06. Describe the Central Births and Death Registration Act 1969.
07. What is sample registration system? Describe the types of data it is generated.
08. What do you understand by the term vital statistics? Briefly describe the registration of birth
and death Act 1969.
09. Explain how vital statistics is useful in planning public health programmes.
10. Discuss the limitations of various mortality statistics in India context.
11. Define Infant mortality rate. Still birth rate and Perinatal mortality rate. Briefly possible
limitations of calculations of theses rates.

Basic Medical Statistics

01. Describe various ways of graphical presentation of data.

02. Describe the role of arithmetic mean and standard deviation in data summarization?
03. Briefly describe measures of central tendency and dispersion.
04. Enumerate various measures of location and dispersion. What are the advantages of median
as an average in medical data summarization?
05. Discuss the significance of Normal distribution in medical data interpretation.
06. What is Guassian curve? Enumerate its properties. How is it helpful in summarization of
medical data?
07. Enumerate different types of sampling techniques. Explain any one of them with suitable
examples.
08. What is simple random sampling? Enumerate its merits and demerits.
09. Describe the systematic sampling procedure. Enumerate demerits of this sampling method.
10. Define stratified random sampling and cluster sampling. Enumerate merits and demerits of
each one of them.
11. Describe multistage sampling with the help of an example.
12. What probability sampling? Enumerate the advantages of probability sampling over complete
enumeration. List four probability sampling methods.

XIV. HEALTH EDUCATION & COMMUNICATION

Short answer questions:

01. Describe the objectives of health education.

02. Define health education and enumerate the contents of health education.
03. Define health education. Explain the barriers of communication with suitable.
04. Mention the objectives of health education. What are the barriers of health education?
05. Describe the model involved in the adoption of new ideas and practices.
06. Define health education and health propaganda. Compare and contrast between them.
07. Describe the principles of health education.
08. Explain the key elements involved in the communication process.
09. What are the advantages of audiovisual aids in education? Enumerate various audiovisual
aids used in health education?
10. Explain the methods which can be used for giving health education to a small group of
people.
11. Discuss the role of “mass media” in health education with suitable examples.
12. Enumerate the various logistics involved for the planning and evaluation of effective health
education.

XV. HEALTH CARE OF THE COMMUNITY

Short answer questions:

01. Explain different levels of health care.

02. Define comprehensive health care. Enumerate factors of a primary health centre.
03. Enumerate the difference between comprehensive health care and primary health care.
04. Define primary health care. Enumerate the essential elements and guiding principles of
primary health care.
05. Enumerate the principles of primary health care. Explain the significance of intersectoral
coordination.
06. Define primary health care. Enumerate the individuals who provide primary health care in
villages of India.
07. What do you understand by community participation? What is its significance in delivery of
primary health care?
08. What do you understand by the term appropriate technology for health? Give suitable
examples.
09. What do you understand by the term Health for All by 2000 AD? Enumerate the National
goals for Health For all by 2000 AD?
10. What is Alma Ata Declaration? What are the goals of Health for All by 2000 AD.
11. Enumerate different health care systems in India. Enumerate various voluntary health
agencies.
12. Describe the 3 tier health care delivery system in rural India.
13. Enumerate the health functionaries at the village level. Describe the duties and
responsibilities of any one of them.
14. Enumerate the individuals providing primary health care in villages of India. Briefly mention
their duties and responsibilities.
15. What is the population covered by a Village Health Guide? What is the role of VHG in the
delivery of primary health care?
16. Who is a village health guide? What is his role in providing primary health care?
17. What is the population covered by a subcentre? Enumerate the functions of health worker
female.
18. Enumerate the functions of health worker (female) or the ANM.
19. Enumerate the functions of health worker (male)
20. What is the population covered by a primary health centre. Enumerate functions of a primary
health centre.
21. What is the population covered by a primary health centre. Enumerate the National health
programmes implemented through primary health centre.
22. What is the population covered by a primary health centre and subcentre respectively?
Describe the staffing pattern at primary health centre and at the subcentre.
23. What is a community health centre? Describe the staffing pattern and the facilities a available
at community health centre.
24. Describe the role of doctors working in a Primary Health Centre.
25. Enumerate the differences between a hospital and a health centre.
26. Enumerate voluntary health agencies in India. Describe any one of them.
27. Explain the term health team concept.

XVI. INTERNATIONAL HEALTH

Short answer questions:

01. WHO (World Health Organization)

02. WHO theme for the year 2000.
03. Role of UNICEF in providing maternal and child health in India.
04. World Bank’s assurance to National health programme.
05. Role of DANIDA in controlling blindness in India.
06. Enumerate the international health agencies. Describe the role of UNICEF in providing Child
Survival in India.