AMERICAN

THE CONSULATE GENERAL, CANTON, Fhoto by R

~ p
' Tenney

Showing part of Shameen Island, the Foreign Settlement of Canton. The Consulate General
is in the center of the picture

March, 1924
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Washington’s Department Store

of Finance

Modern Banking demands prompt and

efficient methods for the transaction of daily matters

Banking by Mail
Foreign Exchange
Letters of Credit
Travelers Checks
Commercial Accounts
Savings Accounts
Trust Department

and a friendly interest in each depositor has made our Bank

a leader among Washington’s Financial Institutions
f %

We shall be glad to render any possible aid

and assure you of a friendly interest

Federal-American National Bank

WASHINGTON, D. C.

RESOURCES, $14,000,000.00
W. T. GALLIHER, Chairman of the Board JOHN POOLE, President

rdlllllllllllHIMIIIIIIlllllllllllllMIIIHMIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllll
Press of Ranadell Incorporated
Washington, D. C,
 LLETIN
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CONSULAR ASSOCIATION

VOL. VI. No. 3 WASHINGTON, D. C. MARCH, 1924

Report on the National Conference on

Foreign Service Training
By Glen Levin Swiggett,

I
Chairman, National Council on Foreign Service Training

T is difficult to realize that training for foreign The counsel of men with experience in over¬
service has progressed to the point in the seas service of government and business was
United States that collegiate instructors in sought by the chairman preliminary to the latter
subjects relating to this type of training have suffi¬ conference. Each group expressed the belief that
cient sense of group integrity to come together over-specialization was not good; that technique
in conference to discuss problems of mutual in¬ should come late in the course; and that the maxi¬
terest. Nevertheless, we have fortunately arrived mum of English should be offered, and chemistry
at that point. About fifty instructors in foreign taken as the basic science. The business group
service training subjects, for example, attended urged as essential studies: A course in general
the National Conference on Foreign Service geography of collegiate grade on a commodity
Training which was held December 26 last at the basis, general economics, industrial history of the
New Willard Hotel in Washington under the United States, at least two foreign modern lan¬
direction of the former Advisory Council and guages, and accounting and finance. This group
Committee of Fifteen on Educational Preparation expressed the belief further that typewriting and
for Foreign Service, now known as the National stenography are essential, advanced courses in
Council on Foreign Service Training. Eighteen government, unnecessary; that the economic
States, not including the District of Columbia, aspects in collegiate foreign service subjects
were represented: Colorado, Connecticut, Geor¬ should be stressed early, and that opportunity be
gia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, found for continued training on the job. It is
Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jer¬ the belief of those who have had experience in
sey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsyl¬ the consular and diplomatic service that one for¬
vania, South Dakota, Virginia and Wyoming. eign modern language, well taught over a long
While this conference possesses unusual sig¬ period of years, is preferable—if two are studied
nificance as the first conference of this character they should be from different groups like French
ever held in this country, it was, however, in a and German; that history is the most important
sense the outgrowth of the small round table con¬ of secondary subjects; that thorough courses in
ference held under similar direction at the Hotel general history should precede regional treatment
Sherman in Chicago, December 27, 1922. of economic history; that algebra and plane geom-
77
 etry be required; that typewriting and knowledge trade policies, 3; marketing studies of major
of accounts are necessary tools; and that a course commercial areas: Europe, Far East, Near East,
in general science and at least three years in Latin America, 3; foreign investments, 3.
Latin be offered in the high school. Course B: Freshman year (same as in Course
With the above suggestions in mind it was de¬ A).
cided at the 1922 Chicago conference that the fol¬ Sophomore year (first semester)—Modern lan¬
lowing subjects, with unit requirements, will best guage, 3; American government and politics, 3;
serve as secondary preparation for further col¬ American history, 3; principles of economics, 3;
legiate study in foreign service subjects: English, elective, 3. (Second semester)—Modern lan¬
4; modern language, 4—at least three units in guage, 3; English history, 3; American history,
one language; * American history, 1; ^English 3; principles of economics, 3; elective, 3.
history or modern European history, 1; economic Junior year (first semester)—Modern lan¬
geography, 1 ; mathematics—algebra and plane guage, 3; European history, 3; English govern¬
geometry, 1 j/2 ; chemistry or physics, 1; civics, ment, 3; commercial and maritime law, 3; money
; elective, 1; 15 units in all. and banking, 3. (Second semester)—Modern
The two following coursesf have been designed language, 3; European history, 3; Governments
to meet the needs of colleges and universities for of Continental Europe, 3; commercial and mari¬
a four-year articulated and motivated course of time law, 3; foreign investments, 3.
study in preparation for overseas service of gov¬ Senior year (first semester)—Modern lan¬
ernment and business as well as for economic and guage, 3; international law, 3; international trade
political culture. Established educational prac¬ principles, 3; political history of Europe and
tice has been considered in their preparation. Near East since 1850, 3; American foreign rela¬
Specifically, Course A is designed as preparation tions, 3. (Second semester)—Modern language,
for service in commerce; Course B, for diplo¬ 3; international law, 3; international trade poli¬
matic and consular service. (The figures after cies, 3; political history of Far East and Latin
the subjects, arranged by year and semester, refer America since 1850, 3; American foreign
to number of hours per week offered in each policies, 3.
subject.) The National Council on Foreign Service
Course A: Freshman year (first semester)— Training was appointed on request of the first
English, 3; modern language, 5; economic history public conference on this subject which was or¬
(Europe since 1750), 3; mathematics, 3, or labo¬ ganized by the present chairman of the council and
ratory science, 5. ( Second semester)—English, held in Washington, December 31, 1915, under
3; modern language, 5; American economic his¬ the joint auspices of the Pan American Union,
tory, or economic resources, 3; mathematics, 3; the Consular Service of the Department of State,
or laboratory science, 5. the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce,
Sophomore year (first semester)—Modern and the United States Bureau of Education.
language, 3; principles of economics, 3; account¬ Through the efforts and investigations of the
ing, 4; transportation, 3; contracts, 3. (Second council, the purpose that underlay its appoint¬
semester)—Modern language, 3; principles of ment has been kept steadily in mind; namely, to
economics, 3; accounting, 4; transportation, 3; plan for and promote a type of training which
agency, 3. would not only give to business and to the serv¬
Junior year (first semester)—Modern lan¬ ice of the government at all times an adequate
guage, 3; business organization, 3; money and supply of properly trained personnel but would
banking, 3; marketing, 3; foreign trade prac¬ aid in building an intelligent and well-informed
tices, 3. (Second semester)—Modern language, public opinion on all matters relating to foreign
3; statistics, 3: corporation finance, 3; sales contracts and relations of our Government and
administration, 3; foreign trade practices, 3. our people.
Senior year (first semester)—Modern lan¬ Much of the work of the council has been
guage, 3 ; foreign exchange, 3; international trade carried on by the chairman through the United
principles, 3; marketing studies of major com¬ States Bureau of Education. It has aided greatly
mercial areas: Europe, Far East, Near East, in the wise establishment of broad foundational
Latin America, 6. (Second semester)—-Modern work in our schools and colleges for subsequent
language, 3; foreign credits, 3; international foreign service study, particularly in the field of
business education, including the modern lan¬
* With emphasis upon the economic aspects,
t Editor’s Note: From Com. Educ. Circ. No. 11, U. S. Bur. of
guages and social studies. It has further helped
Educ., a report of the conference prepared by the chairman. with some success in coordinating the various
78
 Z^MERIC-AjsT CONSULAR ^HLLETIN

types and grades of schools offering instruction versity; Stephen P. Duggan, director of the In¬
in these fields, in securing larger opportunities stitute of International Education; James C.
for the study of well-planned sequences in lan¬ Egbert, Columbia University; E. B. Filsinger, of
guages, sciences and the social studies in order Lawrence and Company, New York; W. F. Gep-
that our future graduates might enter the foreign hart, First National Bank, St. Louis; Howard C.
service of the Government and of business with Kidd, University of Pittsburgh; Howard T.
a broad background in addition to the technique Lewis, University of Washington; W. F. Notz,
which, while essential, is often considered the Federal Trade Commission; Leo S. Rowe, Direc¬
major, if not exclusive, aim in foreign service tor General, Pan American Union; C. D. Snow,
training. Chamber of Commerce of U. S. A.; H. A. Tosdal,
The council has stimulated the interest of organ¬ Harvard University, and G. L. Swiggett, U. S.
ized business and education for better prepara¬ Bureau of Education, chairman.
tion for foreign service. It has been responsible Among the projects which now engage the
for conferences and programs on this subject in attention of the active members of the council
connection with annual meetings of business men may be mentioned the following: A report on
and educators. For four successive school years foreign service training in foreign countries; the
it has gathered and published statistics relating to preparation of a syllabus for a one-semester
collegiate courses in foreign service training and course on foreign trade for use in colleges and
has prepared in addition to circulars, pamphlets, universities; and a program of coordinated
etc., for publication by the United States Bureau student travel in foreign countries.
of Education a series of articles contributed by- The major topic selected for the Washington
leading university specialists in the field of eco¬ Conference of December 26 was: Practices and
nomics, government and modern languages, de¬ objectives in training for foreign service of Gov¬
signed to assist colleges in planning an adequate ernment and business. Dr. G. L. Swiggett,
course of instruction as well as to help business chairman of the council, was general chairman of
men out of college to plan a systematic reading the conference. The two sessions of the con¬
course in foreign service training. ference, open to the public, were held in the small
The National Council on Foreign Service ballroom of the New Willard Hotel.
Training consists of the members of the former The afternoon session, over which Dr. L. S.
Committee of Fifteen and its advisory council. Rowe, Director General of the Pan American
The former constitute the active members of the Union, presided, was devoted to the discussion of
council; the latter, the advisory, all of whom are selected collegiate types of study, with emphasis
representative men of government, business and on methods and motivation. Ohio State Uni¬
education; for example, President Burton, of the versity, Georgetown University, New York Uni¬
University of Michigan; President Butler, of Co¬ versity, Dartmouth College and Llarvard
lumbia University; President Suzzalo, of the University were represented on the program, re¬
University of Washington; President Kinley, of spectively, as follows: Eugene Van Cleef, chair¬
the University of Illinois; President Garfield, of man of Foreign Commerce Division, College of
Williams College; President Woolley, of Mount Commerce and Journalism; W. Coleman Nevils,
Holyoke College; President Lowell, of Harvard; S. J., regent, School for Foreign Service; J.
Mr. Carr, Director of the Consular Service; Dr. Anton de Haas, Professor of Trade and Trans¬
Klein, Director of the Bureau of Foreign and portation, School of Commerce, Accounts and
Domestic Commerce; John Hays Hammond; Finance; Frank R. Rutter, Professor of Foreign
Elihu Root; Chief Justice Taft; Dr. Finley, of Commerce, Amos Tuck School of Administration
the New York Times; John S. Lawrence, of and Finance; and G. B. Roorbach, Professor of
Boston; F. J. Koster, of San Francisco; Charles Foreign Trade, Graduate School of Business
M. Schwab; J. A. Farrell, president, U. S. Steel Administration.
Corporation; W. W. Nichols, president, Ameri¬ In the evening session, over which Dr. Notz,
can Manufacturers’ Export Association; E. M. of the Federal Trade Commission, presided, the
Herr, president, Westinghouse Electric and Man¬ following topic was presented for discussion:
ufacturing Company ; Bishop Gailor; Bishop Sha- Foreign trade and foreign service: structure and
han, and John R. Mott. The following constitute functions of agencies, with emphasis upon op¬
the active members of the council: E. D. Adams, portunities for placement. The speakers, with
Stanford University; E. L. Bogart, University assigned sub-topics, were: Business, William S.
of Illinois; James Carter, National City Bank of Culbertson, vice-chairman, United States Tariff
New York; J. Anton de Haas, New York Uni¬ Commission; Commercial Organizations, Edward
79
 L. Bacher, assistant manager, Foreign Commerce is the insistence that it places upon such knowl¬
Department, United States Chamber of Com¬ edge of at least one foreign language that the
merce; The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic graduate can read, write, and speak and under¬
Commerce, E. Dana Durand, chief, Eastern stand it with the facility necessary for one living
European and Levantine Division; and the in the country using that language. This school
Diplomatic and Consular Service, Wilbur J. Carr, insists further on a sound and broad knowledge
Director of Consular Service. of geography. The purpose of the lectures on
In opening the afternoon session, Dr. Rowe geography is to instill knowledge and understand¬
commented upon the excellent preparation of the ing of those broad visions of modern day
men who are now being sent to represent Ameri¬ geography that touch closely upon the life and
can enterprise in Latin America, and attributed happiness of all individuals and nations. A study
this improvement in large measure to the special of logic, ethics, forensics and other basic cultural
training that is being offered in our universities subjects is emphasized.
for this career. Preparation for foreign service, The four-year course of study at New York
he said, has come to mean professional training University, discussed by Dr. de Haas, is of two¬
of quite as high grade as the training for the fold character. One course, leading to the degree
liberal professions. of B. S., has two years of cultural subjects; in
Marked emphasis was placed at the conference the other leading to the degree of B. C. S.,
upon the non-technical group of studies in prepa¬ approximately three full years are of pre-com¬
ration for foreign service. This thought ran like merce work. All courses in foreign trade are
a connecting thread through the discussion at the given in the department of trade and transporta¬
two sessions. For example, at the night session tion. There are two introductory courses ex¬
the key thought of Mr. Culbertson’s splendid tended throughout the year, one dealing with the
address was that training for foreign trade should external organization of foreign trade and the
be most broadly based; that preparation for for¬ other with international commercial policies. The
eign trade may be called education in the eco¬ subsequent work is arranged in four groups:
nomics of diplomacy. Technique has been Commerce of raw and manufactured products,
over-emphasized, he said. In its place we must regional survey courses, technical courses, and
substitute largerly for our students a point of courses in transportation, insurance and terminal
view that will enable them to meet situations as facilities.
they arise.
Dr. Roorbach stated that the general purpose
The course of study at the Ohio State Uni¬
of the courses in foreign trade at Harvard Uni¬
versity is so shaped, said the chairman of the
foreign trade division of that institution, that versity, offered in the Graduate School of Busi¬
the student upon graduation may enter domestic ness Administration, is to give the students the
necessary background of the facts and principles
as well as foreign trade. The first two years of
the course are given to general training, such as of international commerce, foreign trade methods,
foreign finance and investment, foreign markets
is usually offered in the arts college of most
and marketing methods, together with training in
universities; the last two years of more concen¬
trated work along lines of marketing or general the application of these principles to actual public
business principles and foreign trade. In the conditions. While the courses inevitably deal
latter division of work about one-half is devoted with many of the technical aspects of foreign
to general business and one-tenth to special trade, he said, it is assumed that most of the
courses in foreign trade technique, while about technical details will be learned in actual business
two-fifths is given to geographical aspects of experience but that the ability to analyze prob¬
trade. Great stress is placed upon the study of lems, understand principles, and apply facts and
languages, which must be carried throughout the principles to concrete cases is the most important
four years. A knowledge of foreign language, aim in university business education.
he said, helps one to appreciate the foreigner and The chairman of the evening session called
the foreign atmosphere, and consequently to as¬ attention to the new field of work, to the new
sume a sympathetic and unprejudiced attitude problems in education which were submitted for
toward the foreign buyer or seller. consideration at a conference of this character.
Common counsel and cooperation, if we want to
The same thought is again expressed, even arrive at a satisfactory solution, seem timely and
with greater emphasis, by the regent of the desirable. In making this conference a clearing
School of Foreign Service of Georgetown Uni¬ house for foreign trade education and a national
versity. A unique feature of this school, he said, (Continued on page 100)
ga
Duties of the Alien Property Custodian
T
Thomas W. Miller Explains the Various Phases and Intricacies of the Functioning of His Office

HE Alien Property Custodian at the present addition thereto other property to the value of
time is administering and operating ap¬ $733,048.27, making a grand total of $9,557,-
proximately 28,400 active trusts, represent¬ 068.80 in cash and property released.
ing real estate, personal property or corporations It has been found that beneficiaries under the
scattered from the Philippine Islands and Hawaii act of March 4, 1923, are loath to apply for their
to the Atlantic seaboard. Last year at this time property, due to the belief and fear that their
approximately 30,360 active trusts were being ad¬ property will be to a large extent taken from
ministered by this office. The decrease in the them by some means or other, when it is sent
number of trusts represents those that were closed abroad in the form of cash or negotiable securi¬
by the return of property under the Trading with ties. Only a small number of claims, compara¬
the Enemy Act, by order of court, or by liqui¬ tively speaking, have been filed under the act of
dation. March 4, 1923, under which approximately
The custodian stands in place of the enemy 28,000 claims were estimated as susceptible of
stockholders whose stock was seized in various filing. President Harding, under date of March
corporations under the provisions of the Trading 5, 1923, issued an executive order, as well as a
with the Enemy Act. In those concerns where subsequent order, that all claims in which the
the custodian’s shareholdings represent a ma¬ amount to be returned does not exceed in money
jority interest, the business is operated through or other property the value of $10,000, should be
a board of directors selected by the custodian, handled by the Alien Property Custodian without
and they in turn are held responsible for the reference to the Department of Justice, and in
operations of the properties and the selection and addition thereto the custodian is charged with the
supervision of the officials and employes of the responsibility of administering Section 20, gov¬
companies in question, as well as matters of busi¬ erning attorneys’ fees, and Section 23, requiring
ness policy relating thereto. In companies where the payment of income not to exceed $10,000
the interest of the custodian is a minority one, per annum. The peace resolution approved July
there is not always a representation of his office 2, 1921, gave the Alien Property Custodian au¬
in the management or on the board of directors thority and the power to enforce demands for
unless the interest is sufficiently large to insure property which had not been actually reduced to
representation, and then it is only given in case possession before approval of the peace resolution.
the majority desires to afford the courtesy. This prevented discrimination in favor of those
The act of March 4, 1923, otherwise known persons who refused to comply with the terms
as the Winslow Act, authorized the custodian to of the Trading with the Enemy Act as against
return to former owners all property in a trust those people who had complied with the pro¬
valued at $10,000 and under, as well as a like visions of the act and properly surrendered their
sum out of all trusts where the value of the property when demanded.
property exceeded $10,000 in value. The act A large number of sales in accordance with the
further provided that there should be paid out of custodian’s policy of liquidation has been consum¬
each trust income not to exceed $10,000 per mated. In carrying out the provisions of the
annum from any one trust to the former owners Winslow Act, it was necessary in a number of
of the property, effective on and after March 4, instances to sell parcels of real estate or other
1923. The return of income will be paid by this property in order that the beneficiaries obtain the
office in annual periods. A further proviso di¬ $10,000 allowed them by law. In all cases, the
rected the custodian to return all patents that custodian’s office has endeavored to obtain from
had not been sold, licensed or assigned to the the enemy, or his duly accredited representative,
Government or otherwise disposed of. A further an assent to the transaction, which, while neither
proviso denied the return of property to anyone mandatory nor binding, protects the Government
who was a fugitive from justice in violation of if any question should arise in the future as to
the laws of the United States. Under the pro¬ any transaction. Cash derived from sales is de¬
visions of the act of March 4,1923, approximately posited with the United States Treasury, where,
4,060 claims have been allowed, and there has under the law, it is invested in United States
been released cash totaling $8,824,020.53, and in Liberty Bonds or United States Certificates of
81
 ^ AMERICAN CONSULAR, BULLETIN

Indebtedness. President Harding, under date of reference to any sales made in order to comply
May 16, 1923, permitted the Alien Property Cus¬ with the terms of the Winslow Act or the liqui¬
todian to sell at private sale, without public or dation policy heretofore outlined. It has been
other advertisement, property not exceeding the policy of this administration to concentrate
$50,000 in value, the limit for such authority the handling of real estate in one responsible and
granted the Alien Property Custodian heretofore experienced real estate agent rather than scatter
having been $10,000. the same among a number of banks and trust
There were pending on December 31, 1922, companies in the locality. In this manner the
186 cases filed against the custodian under the percentage of cost in the handling of properties
provisions of Section 9. Of these cases, 60 were has been reduced, better rents have been obtained
disposed of during the year 1923. In addition and the custodian has been enabled to effect better
thereto, 60 suits were filed during the year 1923 sales when such action has been necessary. Real
under Section 9, leaving 186 suits pending under estate is at present held in every state and terri¬
Section 9 as of December 31, 1923. On January tory of the United States as well as its insular
3 last, the custodian was served with approxi¬ possessions, with the exception of New Hamp¬
mately 150 additional suits involving approxi¬ shire, Utah, Nevada, Mississippi, Hawaii and the
mately $10,000,000 by claimants who were under Canal Zone. Great difficulty has been experienced
the assumption that their right to file had lapsed in obtaining proper clearances to titles from those
as of January 2, 1924. It will be necessary for companies whose business it is to guarantee titles
the custodian to properly defend these additional in their locality. This has been due in most
suits inasmuch as the suits have been filed. instances to an inadequate understanding and
Under the provisions of the amendment to the unfamiliarity with the terms and scope of the
Trading with the Enemy Act, approved March Trading with the Enemy Act, and in some cases
4, 1923, the Alien Property Custodian was re¬ has been due to faulty seizure demands.
quired to return all patents, trademarks and copy¬ Representatives of the custodian’s office have
rights which had not been licensed, sold or other¬ been sent to Europe for the purpose of expediting
wise disposed of, or were not at the time of the the provisions of the act of March 4, 1923, and
passage of the act involved in litigation in which for the further purpose of taking testimony
the United States or any agency thereof was abroad in order to protect this office against suits
directly or indirectly a party thereto. This has filed for large returns of property where claims
been complied with and no patents, trademarks have been disallowed by the custodian and the
or copyrights are now carried on the books of Attorney General under the law. This office at
this office which have not been licensed, sold oi present is established in Berlin, where it is associ¬
otherwise disposed of, or are not now the subject ated with United States Diplomatic and Consular
of litigation. Under date of July 1, 1922, the agents accredited to Germany, Austria and Hun¬
custodian was directed by the President to make gary, and has rendered much valuable and useful
formal demand on the Chemical Foundation, In¬ service.
corporated, for return of all patents, trademarks Previous to March 4, 1923, there had accrued
and copyrights, labels and contracts sold to them in the Treasury of the United States to the credit
under the previous administration in several dif¬ of the Alien Property Custodian approximately
ferent assignments. In compliance with these $27,000,000, which sum represented undivided
instructions, formal demand was made on this interest on alien property funds earned on cash
corporation for the return of these patents, and deposited with the Treasury by this office which
upon their refusal suit was instituted by the had been invested in Liberty Bonds and other
Attorney General on behalf of the United States government securities. There is no provision
in the United States District Court for the Dis¬ under the Trading with the Enemy Act or any
trict of Delaware. Proceedings were started on amendments thereto which provides for the pay¬
this case in Wilmington, Del., on June 4, 1923, ment of interest earned on money deposited in
terminating in a final hearing October 15, 1923. the Treasury, to an alien enemy. It is impracti¬
Decision reached by the United States district cable to pro-rate this interest previous to March
judge in this case dismisses the suit brought by 4, 1923, among approximately 50,000 active trusts
the Government. which was the maximum number administered
A thousand parcels of real estate are adminis¬ by this office. A bill is now pending before the
tered by the Alien Property Custodian, and have Senate which provides for the utilization of this
come under the personal supervision of the cus¬ fund for the purchase of foodstuffs in this coun-
todian during the past year, with particular (Continued on page 100)

82
 From Pillar to Post
Ernest L. Ives Tells of Some Agreeable Experiences While En Route from Paris to Alexandria,

U
His New Assignment

PON my return to Paris from a visit with nople, not the most direct but by far the most
Robert Frazer, Jr., and his family on the interesting, was finally decided upon, I proceeded
Normandy coast, where we had the unique to signal my friends down the line. At Milan 1
experience of running across the grave of George had the pleasure of seeing Clarence Carrigan,
Bryan Brummell at Caen, who was his Britannic and at Zagreb, Joseph McGurk. Kenneth Patton
Majesty’s Consul at that place in 1830, and was awaiting me at Belgrade with a machine to
known to the world during his day as “Beau take me to his home for an hour to join the
Brummell,” * and after American colony in
a visit in Switzerland, celebrating his wedding
where I had the pleas¬ anniversary. Graham
ure of attending the Kemper was at the sta¬
conference of consular tion when the train
officers at Interlaken as pulled into Sofia and
a “listener in,” also as introduced me to some
a “looker on” at the of his friends who were
League of Nations going by the same train
during the Corfu inci¬ to Constantinople.
dent, when the machin¬ After three days and
ery of that institution four nights, the Orient
was working morning, Express arrived in
noon and a good part Constantinople, on the
of the night, I found a dot. There I found my
surprise in the way of good friend Roger
a telegram shifting me Tredwell, bright and as
to Alexandri a—-not chirpy as was the Oc¬
Virginia, but Egypt! tober morn, awaiting
When the route to me.
my post, via Constanti- At Constantinople I
appreciated for the first
(Translated from Larousse
time the value of a re¬
Dictionary) liable Cawass, which is
* BRUMMELL (George to be found in the sen¬
Bryan)—English dandy—born
at Westminster in 1778—died
ior guard of the Con¬
at Caen, France, in 1840. stantinople Consulate
Graduated from Oxford General, whom Mr.
and served as “cornet” in the
10 th Regiment of Hussars,
Ravndal had assigned
commanded by the Prince of to Mr. Tredwell during
Wales, with whom he became
a favorite. He soon left the his stay there. The
Army to keep closer com¬
panionship with the future
question of passports,
George the Fourth, and his
Photo from Ernest L. Ives 'Wf?, Overcoats and
elegance won for him the
nickname of “King of Fash¬ such things were turned
ion.” His style of clothes, A MOSQUE ON THE BOSPHORUS over to the Cawass and
his manners, his cold and icy
politeness became the law of forgotten.
English aristocracy. His friendship with the Prince of Wales
lasted for some time and Brummell lived more or less on the
From the station to the Pera Palace Hotel there
Prince’s liberalities. However, these two rivals in fashion was evidence in the way of flags and other decora¬
finally quarreled. When he was unable to keep up his usual
standard of life, Brummell left England, and in 1830 was ap¬ tions put up to celebrate the entry of the Turkish
pointed Consul at Caen, France. However, the post was closed
soon thereafter. From that time on, Brummell lead a miserable
troops subsequent to the departure of the Allied
life, was imprisoned for debts, and finally confined in “St.
Sauveur Asylum,” where he ended his life.
contingents from Constantinople a week before.
His life story was written in English by Captarin Jesse and A seven days’ visit in Constantinople for the
Barbey d’Aureville, published in J861, a curious pamphlet en¬
titled, “On Dandyism and George Brummell.” first time leaves one with a feeling of not having
83
 „ /^MERICAN (2QNSULA]r- yilXETIN'

THE TEMPLE OF THE SUN

Showing the columns of the Temple of Jupiter, and the Mountains of Lebanon in the background

had even a good running start in seeing the many anchored in the harbor. Commander Badt of the
wonderful mosques, the nooks and corners of Simpson took several of us ashore to see the
the fascinating bazaars in Stamboul and the town, which was not very interesting, but full
superb sunsets on the Bosphorus. of peasant Turks waiting to be exchanged for
Interesting and fascinating as Constantinople Greeks from Turkey.
is, 1 began to wonder how I was going to get to The destroyer arrived within sight of Smyrna
Alexandria, being then not much nearer than just as a passenger vessel was leaving the harbor
when I first started upon my journey. “Travel¬ with the wife of one of the naval officers on
ling Tredwell,” as Maxwell Blake, at that time board—there was much frantic waving—also just
in Constantinople, named him, whispered that he too late for the pilot’s last trip out and in, which
had heard that a destroyer might be going to meant a delay of fourteen hours, as the outer
Alexandria. In a day or two the muffled con¬ harbor was rumored to be mined. Vessels at¬
versation regarding the destroyer’s trip ceased tempting to enter without a pilot were likely to
for it had been decided that No. 220, the U. S. S. have a shot over the bow.
MacLeish, was to go, and through the courtesy The following morning we landed in Smyrna,
of Admiral Mark Bristol, the High Commis¬ which was a large and thriving city before the
sioner, we were to make the voyage together with fire; now a huge ash heap. The Consulate Gen¬
two naval officers on leave. We were known as eral, which was burned out several times, is now
the “damn passengers”! occupying one of the few houses left standing
The destroyer, in command of Commander along the water front. Consul Treat and Vice-
Davidson, shoved off late one afternoon, and at Consul Bird did everything possible to make our
daybreak passed Gallipoli, where here and there short stay there agreeable.
signs of the war were still to be seen in the way Long before arriving at Rhodes we began to
of sunken ships and cannon left by the Anzacs. look for the place where the Colossus of Rhodes
The first stop was at Mitylene, Greece, to stood. The village is quaint, attractive and
deliver mail to the U. S. S. Simpson, which was (Continued on page 104)
84
 Tracking Mountain Peaks in Norway
T
By Orsen N. Nielsen, Berlin

O MOST persons, especially to most tortured pioneers are left behind. The timber-
women, “Hardanger” means a certain lovely line is passed. It should be noted that because
type of drawn work. To the tourist who is of the northern latitude of Scandinavia, the
familiar with Scandinavia it has a wider signifi¬ timber-line is reached at something less than 3,000
cance. The traveler recalls the striking fjords feet—considerably lower than the line in our own
of the Hardanger district; the bleak wildness of Rockies.
its treeless, windswept plateau; the quaint cos¬ The last hour of the nine-hour journey was
tumes of its natives. Bound on a skiing expedi¬ made in a snow storm. It was snowing when we
tion to that—for foreigners—remote region, we reached Finse at an altitude of 4,010 feet. Since
left Christiania for Finse early on a Sunday the high wind made skiing impracticable, the
morning in May. As has been the case on each remainder of the day and the evening was spent
of my several visits to the tranquil Norwegian in the comfortable hotel, getting acquainted with
capital, there was a chilling drizzle and fog. the two dozen guests and collecting “dope” on
Clouds stubbornly continued, except with one the several trips we tentatively had mapped out.
brief break, throughout the railway journey. But When we had presented our passports for a
the effects they produced, especially above the visa at the Norwegian Legation in Stockholm,
towering masses of rock on the Strand Fjord, the Secretary had cheered us with a tale of three
near Aal, were extremely beautiful. A bit of Norwegians who had lost their lives on the
mountain peak projecting above, but seeming to Hardanger Glacier but two weeks before our
nestle in, some vagrant low-hanging cloud gives departure. A large party of men, accompanied
an impression of ethereality difficult to associate by a guide, had been caught in a violent wind
with glistening and icy rock. and snow storm while they were on the top of
Until we began at Gjeilo (altitude 2,600 feet) the glacier; the members of the party had become
the ascent of separated in-
the moun¬ to several
tains proper, small groups
we saw but and three
little snow men had
i n o u r im¬ perished be¬
mediate vi- fore they
c i n i t y, al¬ could reach
though for t h e shelter
some time hut. In
snow-capped Christi a n i a
peaks fre¬ the staff of
quently had our Consu¬
been visible late General
from the regaled us
train. Short¬ with t he
ly after leav¬ same story
—with trim¬
es Gjeilo VILLAGE AND MOUNTAINS AT FINSE mings ! And
one passes
through the -d section of the skiing slopes of the snow-covered Norwegian mountains on this, our
first of nu¬ first night at
merous snow-sheds and tunnels. Also, snow- Finse with the glacier but a few miles away, we
screens on both sides of the track further serve to heard the complete story again in all its fascinat¬
obstruct the view, but one readily notes that ing and intimate details. Yet we slept well—
deciduous trees are becoming less plentiful. very well, indeed.
Stunted birches struggle for existence long after The following morning a brilliant sun routed
deciduous trees have decided—and wisely—that us from bed. Our first thought was for the world
to struggle longer is useless. Finally even these (Continued on page 105)
85
 Dominican Religious Shrines
N By Charles Bridgham Hosmer, Santo Domingo
EARLY every city and town in the Domini¬ The architecture is attractive and unusual, a com¬
can Republic has at least one ancient edi¬ posite difficult of analysis. The nave is supported
fice or ruin, concerning which romantic by two rows of immense pillars of peculiar de¬
traditions date back to the discovery of the terri¬ sign, much resembling the general lines of royal
tory by Christopher Columbus, or the prosperous palms, which is said to have been the architect’s
and progressive colony which thrived during the purpose, in order to satisfy the sentiment of the
period immediately thereafter, known as Hispan- donors of the land, because of the necessary de¬
ola. Much has been written regarding the his¬ struction of a palm grove which occupied the
torical significance of these relics, a large part of space.
which are churches or ecclesiastical in character. On either side of the nave is a series of chapels,
It may be concern ing
of interest each of
t o briefly which there
sketch the i s enough
history and o f history
traditions and tradi¬
of the three tion to jus¬
principal tify a sep¬
re 1 i g i o u s arate arti¬
shrines o f cle. Sev-
purely Do¬ e r a1 of
rn i n i c a n these chap¬
origin. els contain
Orders elaborate
calling for a n d artis-
the erec¬ t i c tombs
tion of the o f former
cath e d r a 1 arch b i s h -
at Santo ops. The
Domingo, arch, b i s h -
were issued ops of San¬
by F e r d i- to Domin¬
nand and go, on ac-
Isabella of count of
Spain in THE BASILICA, SANTO DOMINGO the diocese
the year having
1506, but the actual work of construction did not been the first created in the Americas, are re¬
commence until 1514, as shown by the inscription garded as Primates of the New World and many
on a rough-hewn mahogany cross erected at the have been prominent in the public affairs of the
beginning of the work and still carefully preserved nation. The present archbishop, Monsignor
in one of the chapels. Although the church is be¬ Adolfo Nouel, is an ex-President of the Republic.
lieved to have been used for worship before its Many Dominican patriots and men of letters,
actual completion, it was not entirely finished, as well as their families, are buried in the various
owing to unexpected delays, until 1540. The chapels and while such instances are now very
architect and director of construction was Don rare, the practice has not been entirely discon¬
Alonso Rodriguez, a Spaniard. Before the com¬ tinued. The three founders of the Republic,
pletion of the edifice he was attracted by the set¬ Sanchez, Duarte and Mella, are buried with
tlement of Mexico and, leaving his work to be several other national heroes in one chapel, where
finished by others, played an important part in annually on the 27th of February, a national holi¬
the erection of the cathedral at Mexico City. day, memorial services are held by the archibishop
86
 AMERICAN CONSULAR, BULLETIN

in the presence of high government and foreign

officials.
The chapels contain a number of ancient paint¬
ings, most of which are in an excellent state of
preservation and at least two are believed to be
by recognized old masters.
The main altar of the nave is beautifully de¬
signed. It is constructed of hand carved ma¬
hogany, inlaid with wrought silver. The
mahogany of which the main altar and several of
those in the chapels are constructed, is nearly
black with age and very rich in appearance. This
is equally true of many of the articles of furniture
around the main altar, some of which have been “ALTAGRACIA” AT HIGUEY
saved from the ruins of other ancient churches
of the country.
Just inside the main entrance of the nave is ance of this edifice, it was denominated a basilica
the impressive marble and bronze monument by Pope Benedict XV, on July 14, 1920.
under which repose what every Dominican and The building has undergone several reconstruc¬
many others believe to be the remains of Christo¬ tions, made necessary by the action of time, the
pher Columbus. It is sometimes claimed that depredations of invaders and earthquakes, but on
this artistic monument, made in Spain, cannot be the whole it is wonderfully preserved. It is a
viewed to advantage in its present location, but thing of beauty and never fails to excite the
all agree it is excellently executed and its place admiration of the most critical traveller or
is historically appropriate. In this connection it sightseeker.
should be mentioned, that two marble slabs set Santo Cerro Church
in the floor to the left of the main altar, mark the
The church of the Santo Cerro (Holy Hill)
place where Columbus’ remains were discovered
stands on an eminence, around the base of which
in the reconstruction of the cathedral in 1877 and
the main highway between the North and South
the place from which the Dominican claim states
coasts of the Republic now winds, and is seen by
the Spaniards removed those of Diego Columbus
in 1795, believing themselves to have taken Chris¬ thousands of travellers, of whom but a small
topher’s. The monument where the remains now percentage make the effort to visit it. It is lo¬
rest was built from the proceeds of voluntary cated between the interior cities of La Vega and
public subscriptions. Moca in the Vega Real (Royal Valley) and until
recently was practically inaccessible from a large
Another slab of special interest is in the center part of the Republic.
of the nave and marks the resting place of Simon
Bolivar, the grandfather of the South American The tradition concerning the establishment of
liberator, who was Secretary of the High Court this shrine, is to the effect that in 1495, Christo¬
at Santo Domingo. pher Columbus and his brother Bartholomew,
while in the interior, were attacked by natives
The vessels, nearly all of wrought silver and and chose to defend the Santo Cerro. They
of every epoch since the beginning of the six¬ were accompanied by about 200 Spanish infantry
teenth century, and the vestments, many of which and thirty cavalrymen. According to some ac¬
are inlaid with gold and precious stones, are counts, the force of native Indians which at¬
elaborate and of great value. They are kept in tacked them was 30,000 and others claim it to
vaults or strongly guarded and locked closets have been 100,000. Columbus is said to have
and on this account it is frequently impossible planted a cross made from a nispero tree near the
for tourists to inspect them. It is claimed that spot where the church now stands, around which
many priceless relics, including statuary which his troops rallied. Several times the Spaniards
adorned the main entrance (Puerta del Perdon), were driven from the hilltop and the natives made
were destroyed or carried away during the vari¬ unsuccessful attempts to burn the cross which
ous foreign invasions of the Capital, when the appeared to be preventing their complete victory.
cathedral was sometimes used for secular pur¬ Finally, the Virgin is said to have appeared on
poses. one of the arms of the cross, after which the tide
Owing to the antiquity and historical import- (Continued on page 108)
87
 CAMPING OUT IN
YOKOHAMA
The following letter has been received in the
Department from Consul General at Large, Nel¬
son T. Johnson:
“ * * * Mr. Stewart and I think that these
pictures will interest the readers of The BUL¬
LETIN. I hope that the cartoons, drawn by one
of the Japanese clerks of the Consulate who
stayed with us in the camp during the early days,
can be used. The text accompanying the draw¬
ings is also his own. He caught the spirit of the AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE AND FIRE
thing at that time very well and his efforts to
Looking across the debris of the consulate to¬
depict Ballantine and myself, guarding the camp;
transplanting a few flowers, the only live things ward the camp. Everything is just as the
earthquake and fire left it. In the background
left in the compound of the consulate; and him¬
are the Yokohama Administration building and
self gazing reverently at a heap of debris of a
the Silk Conditioning house, both gutted by
ruined toy shop under the impression that he has
found one of the heaps of dead so much talked
of in the beginning, seem to us worthy of per¬
petuation.
The snapshots of the camp on the consular lot
where we established ourselves on September
20th, and in which we have since been trying to
carry on the work of the consulate, until build¬
ings could be erected, give a fairly good idea of
the conditions under which work has had to be
done. They do not give one any conception of
the conditions of the camp during one of the
several typhoons that we have had when we had
at times as many as fifty people on our hands to
feed and keep warm and dry for the night while
they waited for a ship or for other purposes. MAIN STREET IN THE CAMP
One of the pictures gives an excellent idea of
the small amount of debris left by the earthquake and fire after both had finished with the build¬
ing of the Consulate. The earthquake made a
total wreck of the city of Yokohama in two
minutes’ time. The fires which swept the ruins
immediately afterwards reduced the wreck to a
mass of twisted iron and piles of broken brick
so that it was almost impossible for one familiar
with the city to distinguish the streets from each
other.
Kirjassof’s name should shine for a very long
time in the annals of the Service, for he lost his
life trying to save that of his wife. The Service
can well be proud to have numbered him among
its members. And Sturgeon came through with
a name that will long be remembered in the
THE CLUB MEETS Service and in Yokohama. He saved the life of
Left to right: Consul Ballantine, Mr. Bennett, one of his brother officers at great risk to his
manager Grand Hotel, Vice Consul Sturgeon, own, digging him from among the ruins while a
Consul General Johnson. Standing, Vice nearby building swayed as one earthquake shock
Consul Wright (Shanghai). {.Continued, on page 93)

88
 “Run to me at
once if you
find queer fel¬
low comes by”
—showing his
pistol, the Con¬
sul so encour¬
aged his staffs,
zvho are f right¬
ened by a
rumor cir¬
culated af-
t e r the
“September 21, earth¬
1923, the second quake.
day of the con¬ “And,” he
sular camp —
added,
very fine. Op¬ “bang a oil
pressed s m a 11 Since then, the oil can zvas beaten very
plants with poor often, at least thrice a day, but matters were
white flowers easily fixed with knives and forks instead of the
have been got up early in the pistol. See the oil can being rang by cook at
morning, at the feet of the
Consul General, among debris supper time.
and ashes. See, they are now
being removed by him to bet¬
ter space of ground where
autumn sunshine shining, as
? I
wounded refugees are taken to relief hospital.
You poor plant of Yokohama, recover your green
again!”

? ?

“Now the city of Yokohama elected,” innocently “I feel very happy that I saw the sad sight as in
smiled the Consul General, when the Consul camp picture and that I heard of such sad things as in
zvas put up in the ruined city, where nothing but the Clothing Dept., Tokyo, and elsewhere.” The
ashes or debris could be seen. And then, taking picture shows the great heaps of ashes of babies
lamp, he started himself to watch around the of earth and clay at the ruin of a doll store. Oct.
tents. Sept. 20, 1923. 20, 1923.
89
 ip c AMERICAN, CONSULAR, jftujuu&xirc

PRIZE STORY CONTEST

At a recent meeting of the Executive
Committee of the Consular Association the
matter of the proffered $100 prise for the
best story submitted to the BULLETIN
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CON¬
(see January, 1922, issue) was taken up and
SULAR ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. a decision made to extend the period for
The American Consular Bulletin is published monthly by the submission of articles to July 31, 1924.
American Consular Association, and is distributed by the Asso¬
ciation to its members gratis. The Bulletin is also open to pri¬
For the information gf those who have
vate subscription in the United States and abroad at the rate of not seen the former announcement and for
$4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Con¬
sular Bulletin, c/o Consular Bureau, Department of State, Wash¬ the convenience of those who have, the con¬
ington, D. C. ditions of the contest are again given.
The purposes of the Bulletin are (1) to serve as an exchange
among American consular officers for personal news and for To encourage contributions, the BULLE¬
information and opinions respecting the proper discharge of TIN offers a prise of $100 for the best
their functions, and to keep them in touch with business and
administrative developments which are of moment to them; and article, sketch or story of not over 2,000
(2) to disseminate information respecting the work of the Con¬
sular Service among interested persons in the United States, words based on some phase of life or work
including business men and others having interests abroad, and in the American Consular Service.
young men who may be considering the Consular Service as a
career. Clear, forceful articles on some feature of
Propaganda and articles of a tendential nature, especially such official duty, such as new office methods,
as might be aimed to influence legislature, executive or adminis¬
trative action with respect to the Consular Service, or the trade promotion work, shipping, commercial
Department of State, are rigidly excluded from its columns.
Contributions should be addressed to the American Consular
geography, or economic conditions anywhere
Bulletin, c/o Consular Bureau, Department of State, Washing¬ —are particidarly desired.
ton, D. C.
So, also, are sketches of strange or amus¬
ing personal adventures, eventful travel, or
experiences in war, disaster or pestilence—
The American Consular Association to be illustrated zvith photographs if avail¬
OFFICERS
able.
WILBUR J. CARR Director of the Consular Service Short fiction, provided some member of
Honorary President the American Consular Service plays a role
HERBERT C. HENGSTLER Chief of the Consular Bureau
Honorary Vice-President —a clean, compelling story zvitli a consular
Consul General HORACE LEE WASHINGTON President setting, not unfriendly to this or any other
Consul General TRACY LAY Vice-President
Consul J. KLAHR HUDDLE Secretary-Treasurer Government—will also be considered.
Consul General EVAN E. YOUNG
Consul General EDWARD J. NORTON
Chairman
Vice-Chairman
Manuscripts should be post-marked not
COMMITTEES
later than July 31, 1924.
EXECUTIVE For the best article, story or sketch a cash
Consul General EVAN E. YOUNG
Consul General EDWARD J. NORTON
Chairman prise of $100 zvill be paid.
Consul General TRACY LAY This contest is open to every diplomatic
Consul EDWIN L. NEVILLE
Consul ADDISON E. SOUTHARD and consular officer, and also to all clerks.
RECEPTION Officers directly connected zvith the publica¬
Consul General AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM
Consul EDWIN L. NEVILLE
Chairman tion of the BULLETIN are excluded.
Consul S. PINKNEY TUCK Three judges zvill be chosen by the Execu¬
Consul THOMAS M. WILSON
BULLETIN STAFF
tive Committee of the American Consular
Consul HARRY M. LAKIN Editor
Association, one from among officials of the
Consul FELIX COLE )
... .Associate Editors Department of State in Washington, one
Consul HASELL H. DICK J
Consul ADDISON E. SOUTHARD .. .Business Manager
from among editors of reputable American
Consul HAMILTON C. CLAIBORNE /
.Associate Bus. Mgrs.
trade journals, and one from the editorial
Consul IRVING N. LINNELI, j
Consul HAMILTON C. CLAIBORNE. . Treasurer
staff of a national magazine.
The American Consular Association is an unofficial and Manuscripts should be typezvritten on one
voluntary association embracing most of the members of
the Consular Service of the United States. It was formed
side of the paper only, the pages numbered,
for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the and the name and address of the zvriter
members of the Consular Service, to strengthen Service
spirit, and to establish a center around which might be should appear in the upper left hand corner
grouped the united efforts of its members for the im¬ of each page.
provement of the Service.

90
 ASSIGNMENTS VISITING OFFICERS
Consuls, Class IV. The following Consular Officers called at the
George N. Ifft, Nancy. Department on leave or en route to new posts
William L. Jenkins, Calcutta. during the period from January 14 to Feb¬
John R. Putnam, Chefoo. ruary 13:
Consul, Class V. George E. Anderson, Consul General at Rotter¬
dam.
Avra M. Warren, Nairobi.
Robert Harnden, Consul at Rosario.
Consuls, Class VI. Avra M. Warren, Consul at Karachi.
Austin C. Brady, Malaga. Alexander K. Sloan, Consul at Budapest.
Paul H. Cram, Regina. Maynard B. Barnes, Consul at Constantinople.
Consul, Class VII. Maxwell M. Hamilton, Vice Consul at Canton.
Charles I. Graham, Vice Consul at Tangier.
Howard Bucknell, Shanghai.
C. Austin Castle, Vice Consul at Barcelona.
Vice Consul de Carriere. Frances H. Styles, Vice Consul at Loanda.
Edward E. Silvers, Seville. Richard R. Willey, Vice Consul at Dublin.
John S. Richardson, Vice Consul at Queens¬
town.
PROMOTIONS Elton N. Gage, Vice Consul at Rome.
Clerks to Vice Consul de Carriere, Class III. William C. Perkins, Vice Consul at Warsaw.
Joseph R. Burt, Vice Consul at Vienna.
Samuel G. Ebling, Paris.
Joseph I. Touchette, Nancy.
Clerk to Consular Assistant. SERVICE WEDDINGS
Frederick W. Hinke, Antilla. Dutarte-De Courcy. Miss Lucie Marguerite
Clerks to Vice Consul. Dutarte and Vice Consul William E. De Courcy
Paul R. Bunker, Calcutta. were married in Paris on January 14, 1924.
Gaston R. Cournoyer, Bahia. Powell-Preston. Miss Marjorie Grace Powell
Jos. P. Crocket, Bristol. and Vice Consul Austin R. Preston were married
William B. Douglass, Karachi. at Christ Church, South Yarra, Melbourne, on
James M. Bowcock, Munich. December 17, 1923.
Robert W. Imbrie, Teheran. Mason-Castle. Miss Eveline Marguerite
Julius C. Jensen, Copenhagen. Westall Mason and Vice Consul Clarence Austin
Brigg A. Perkins, Zagreb. Castle were married in London, England, on
James F. Points, Sault Ste. Marie. January 12, 1924.
Consular Agent. Uban-Lehrs. Miss Gertrud Uban and Clerk
Gabriel L. Anciaux, Arequipa, Peru. John A. Lehrs were married December 15, 1923,
at Reval, Esthonia.

Brigadier General and Mrs. Rufus H. Lane

RESIGNATIONS announce the engagement of their daughter, Elea¬
Charles L. Latham, Consul Class V. nor, to Mr. Francis H. Styles, Vice Consul of
Donald D. Shepard, Consul Class V. Career.
91
 DIPLOMATIC The following Diplomatic Officers called at the
Department on leave or en route to neui posts
Transfers during the period from January 14 to Feb¬
Harold M. Deane, Class 3, to Tegucigalpa from ruary 13:
Quito; January 3. The Honorable Richard Washburn Child, Re¬
William H. Taylor, Class 4, to London from tiring Ambassador to Italy.
Budapest; February 2. George R. Merrell, Jr., Charge d’Affaires ad
H. Freeman Matthews, Class 4, to Budapest interim at Port au Prince.
from Department; February 2. G. Howland Shaw, Secretary at Constanti¬
Stuart E. Grummon, Class 4, to Mexico City nople.
W. Merritt Swift, Secretary at Tirana.
from Department; February 5.
Clarence B. Hewes, Secretary at Guatemala.
Trojan Kodding, Class 4, to Tirana from De¬
partment ; February 4.
Richard M. de Lambert, Class 4, to Quito from FARRAGUT—1801-1870
Department; February 4. Thomas W. Chilton, Consul at Durban, in
Carl A. Fisher, Class 4, to Berlin from Depart¬ commenting upon the history of the Catalan and
ment ; February 4. the province of Cataluna, Spain, calls attention to
Christian Gross, Class 4, to Paris from De¬ an interesting fact of American biographical his¬
partment. tory—an excerpt from the Encyclopedia Brit-
tannica:
Promotions
David Glasgow Farragut, First Admiral of the
Secretary, Class 2 to Class 1. United States Navy, was the son of Major George
Frederic O. de Billier, of the District of Co¬ Farragut, a Catalan by descent, a Minorquin by
lumbia. birth who had emigrated to America in 1776 and
Frederic R. Dolbeare, of New York. after the peace had married a lady of Scottish
Francis White, of Maryland. family and settled near Knoxville, Tennessee.
Norman Armour, of New Jersey. There Farragut was born on the 9th of July, 1801.
Allen W. Dulles, of New York.
Richard Rush, at one time Minister to Great
Secretary, Class 3 to Class 2. Britain, in his memoirs says, “The whole business
Frederick C. Chabot, of Texas. of private claims, requiring appeals to the British
J. Theodore Marriner, of Maine. government, I have of course passed by, as well
Clarence B. Hewes, of Louisiana. as a great variety of incidental duties. These are
Jay Pierrepont Moffat, of New York. of constant recurrence in countries between which
Richard B. Southgate, of Massachusetts. there is so large and active a commerce as the
James Clement Dunn, of New York. United States and Great Britain. The consuls
Myron A. Hofer, of Ohio. take charge of many of them; but the cases are
F. Lammot Belin, of Pennsylvania. still numerous in which they find their way to the
George A. Gordon, of New York. minister. The latter is also charged with super¬
vising, quarterly, the accounts of all the consuls
Secretary, Class 4 to Class 3. of the United States in Great Britain and Ireland,
Benjamin Muse, of New York. for expenditures for the relief of destitute or dis¬
Cord Meyer, of New York. tressed American seamen; and it is on his draft
J. Webb Benton, of Pennsylvania. alone that funds are advanced for this object. So
• Frederick P. Hibbard, of Texas. it was in my time, and formed a burdensome, and
G. Harlan Miller, of Pennsylvania. not very appropriate, part of the minister’s duty;
H. Dorsey Newson, of New York. expenditures on this account within the British
Foster Stearns, of Massachusetts. dominions being equal to those in all other foreign
Jefferson Patterson, of Ohio. countries put together—a fact that in itself at¬
Elbridge D. Rand, of California. tests the extent of our commerce and navigation
with Great Britain.” Memoranda of a Residence
Resignation at the Court of London, by Richard Rush, pub¬
Eugene C. Shoecraft, Secretary at Budapest. lished in 1833.
92
AN AUDIENCE WITH THE CAMPING OUT IN :
MIKADO YOKOHAMA
(Continued from page 88)
Harry F. Hawley, of Nagoya, relates another
followed another. The building came down later
phase of “What They Do” right across the place where he worked, cracking
While I was at the Tokyo Embassy some the Consulate vault. Kuribara, our head Japa-r
years ago—indeed before the World War—I was nese clerk, beloved by the staff of the Consulate
called upon one day to do the honors for a couple and by all of the community of Yokohama be¬
of visitors. They were from the United States, cause of his unfailing kindliness and willingness
to help whenever called upon, was buried among
and unmistakably of across-the-sea extraction.
the debris of the collapsed office for some time
In fact the process of Americanizing had not before he finally was able to work his way free.
proceeded very far, as betrayed by their speech, He still wears a bandage about his head to cover
but both were properly proud and happy in the the wound that he received when the chimney
conscious superiority of their American citizen¬ fell across the desk under which he had taken
ship. refuge. He was given up for lost by every one
They stated at first that they had no particular and not found until some days after the fire,
business beyond the desire to meet their country’s when he was located at a house some distance
Ambassador and expand their chests in the from the city to which he had gone for refuge
shadow of the American flag discovered floating weakened by his wound.
over them in a foreign country. I expressed my Poor Jenks was apparently killed instantly as
sorrow that the Ambassador’s temporary absence he was not heard from after the collapse of the'
from Tokyo would deprive him of the oppor¬ building. We found his ashes near the entrance
to his office and he has been buried near the
tunity of seeing them. This information obviously
Kirjassofs in the little foreign cemetery on the
disappointed the visitors for after consulting to¬ hills of Negishi south of the city.
gether a moment, the extremely rotund spokes¬ Yokohama is digging in for the winter. We
man, a retired delicatessen dealer, as he had told at the Consulate are still the only foreigners liv¬
me, turned to me again—I wish I could reproduce ing in the part of Yokohama that was once known
his accent—and stated: as the Settlement. We have been living ashore
“Well, you see Mister, it’s like this. Me and since the twentieth of September and have car¬
my friend here used to know some people in ried on our work and kept well in spite of the
Hoboken by the name of McAdoo; in fact Mr. fact that many thought there would be epidemics.
A few of the foreign business men of Yokohama
O’Toole went to school with one of them who
have chartered a ship and have ventured back
afterwards came to Japan. So we’d like to have in her to spend the winter. The ship will be
the Ambassador arrange for us to meet the moored to one of the docks and used as a float¬
Mikado to see if it isn’t the same fellow we used ing hotel. You will find us, however, at the old
to know”! place, night or day.
It was found impossible to arrange the de¬ A foreign restaurant has been opened within
sired audience, but after the difficulties in the the last two or three days since which time we
way were explained, and the extreme unlikeli¬ have retired from the restaurant business. We
hood of the then Emperor of Japan being any still run a hotel. Our tents are the only available
relation of the McAdoos they had known in habitations for the transient of other foreigners
having business in Yokohama. The tents are
Hoboken, the visitors were easily placated by the
used by the staff of the Consulate, the agent of
Embassy using its good offices to procure for the Admiral Line, the International Bank agent
them permits to visit the Imperial castles and and one or two others. Intending passengers by
palaces at Nagoya and Kyoto. transpacific steamers who come down from
Tokyo put up with us until their steamer arrives.
We are hotel keepers, baggage smashers, restau¬
APPOINTMENTS rant keepers, undertakers, grave diggers, consu¬
lar officers, bed makers, stevedores, express
Student Interpreter. agents, provision merchants and what not. Ex-
Egbert B. Rand, Tokyo. (Continued on page 112)

93
If ^MEMCAN .rOMSttL^JRULLRTgj

^oobroto Wilson
Twenty-eighth President of the United States
Woodrow Wilson, twenty-eighth President of the United States, was born at Staunton, Virginia,
December 28, 1856. Both his father, Joseph Ruggles Wilson, and his mother, Janet Woodrow, were of
Scotch-Irish lineage, and both of the second generation in this country. As a boy, he first attended school
in Augusta, Georgia, where his father, a Presbyterian minister, was pastor of a church, and later in
Columbia, South Carolina, where his father had become professor of theology. At the age of seventeen
Woodrow Wilson entered Davidson College, at Davidson, North Carolina, which he left in 18/5 to enter
Princeton University. In his senior year at Princeton he published his first writing on American politics
and government, an essay entitled “Cabinet Government in the United States, printed by the International
Review. In 1879 he went to the University of Virginia to study law, but due to a breakdown from over¬
work, left the law school in 1880, entering the practice of law, however, in 1882, in Atlanta, Georgia.
He left the active practice of law in 1885 and accepted a call to Bryn Mawr College, as Associate
Professor of History and Political Economy, where he taught, lecturing also at Johns Hopkins in Balti;
more, until 1888, when he went to Wesleyan University. In 1890 he went to Princeton to be Professor ot
Jurisprudence and Politics. Here he remained twelve years, becoming President of the University in 1902
the first head of the institution not a clergyman.
Woodrow Wilson entered public life in 1910 when he was nominated and elected Governor of New
Jersey. Nominated for the Presidency of the United States in the summer of 1912, he was elected in the
fall campaign and was re-nominated and re-elected in 1916.
The first administration of the new President was occupied by matters relating in the main to domestic
problems of the United States, while his second was filled by the World War.
His message to Congress, advocating the severance of diplomatic relations with Germany was delivered
on February 4, 1917, and he signed the declaration of war April 6, 1917. The armistice with the Central
Powers was proclaimed November 12, 1918, and in December he sailed for France to head the American
Commission to Negotiate Peace, remaining abroad, with one interval, until July 8, 1919.
In the autumn of 1919 his health broke down while on a speaking tour in the West, necessitating his
return to Washington, where, in October, he was taken with an illness which confined him to the White
House for five months.
In 1920 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for services to peace.
On leaving the Presidency, in 1921, Woodrow Wilson remained in Washington, taking up residence on
S Street, where he lived, in ill health and seclusion, until his death on February 3, 1924.
An estimate of his character and achievements will be found in the Presidential proclamation, ordering
a period of mourning, printed below:

To the People of the United States:

The death of Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States from March 4, 1913, to March 4, 1921, which
occurred at 11.45 o'clock today at his home at Washington, District of Columbia, deprives the country of ^ a most
distinguished citizen, and is an event which causes universal and genuine sorrow. To many of us it brings the
sense of a profound personal bereavement.
His early profession as a lawyer was abandoned to enter academic life. In this chosen field he attained the
highest rank as an educator, and has left his impress upon the intellectual thought of the country. From the
presidency of Princeton University he was called by his fellow citizens to be the chief executive of the state of
New Jersey. The duties of this high office he so conducted as to win the confidence of the people of the United
States, who twice elected him to the chief magistracy of the republic. As President of ^ the United States he was
moved by an earnest desire to promote the best interests of the country as he conceived them. His acts were
prompted by high motives and his sincerity of purpose can not be questioned. He led the nation through the ter¬
rific struggle of the World War with a lofty idealism which never failed him. He gave utterance to the aspiration
of humanity with an eloquence which held the attention of all the earth and made America a new and enlarged
influence in the destiny of mankind.

In testimony of the respect in which his memory is held by the Government and people of the United States,
I do hereby direct that the flags of the White House and of the several departmental buildings be displayed at
half staff for a period of 30 days, and that suitable military and naval honors under orders of the Secretary of
War and of the Secretary of the Navy may be rendered on the day of the funeral.
Done at the city of Washington this third day of February, in the year of Our Lord one thousand nine hun¬
dred and twenty-four, and of the Independence of the United States of America one hundred and forty-eight.
CALVIN COOLIDGE.

95
 NECROLOGY positions held by Mr. Fox were: Chief clerk of
the Bureau of American Republics, July 1, 1898;
Dr. Maurice Francis Egan, former American temporary director and secretary of the Bureau,
Minister to Denmark and distinguished man of April 24, 1901; representative of the Bureau and
letters, died January 15, 1924, at the home of his disbursing agent of the delegation of the United
daughter, Mrs. G. A. O’Reilly, Brooklyn, N. Y. States to the International Conference of Ameri¬
The funeral services were held in Philadelphia. can States held at Mexico City, October 22,
Dr. Egan was born May 24, 1852, in Phila¬ 1901; director of the Bureau, April 5, 1905;
delphia, Pa. He graduated in 1873 from La representative of the Bureau at the International
Salle College (A.B.) and received degrees from Conference of American States held at Rio de
the following institutions: Notre Dame, A.M., Janeiro, July 23, 1906; member Government
1878; Georgetown University, LL.D., 1879; Ot¬ Boards of Management, Pan-American Exposi¬
tawa University, J.U.D., 1891; Villanova College, tion, 1901; Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904;
Ph.D., 1907; Columbia University, Litt.D., 1919; and Lewis and Clark Exposition, 1905.
and St. John’s, Brooklyn, LL.D., 1920. He was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and
The active career of Mr. Egan began in 1877, Minister Plenipotentiary to Ecuador January 10,
when he became sub-editor of McGee’s Illustrated 1907, and was designated July 15, 1907, one of
Weekly until he went with the Catholic Review, the arbitrators in the controversy between the
in 1879, remaining until the following year, when Government of Ecuador and the Guayaquil and
he became editor of the Freeman’s Journal. In Quito Railway Company.
1888 he severed his connection with this publi¬ Mr. Fox retired July 19, 1911.
cation to accept the professorship of English While Mr. Fox was in Persia during the
literature at the University of Notre Dame, in great cholera epidemic in 1892 he organized and
Indiana, which position he held until 1895, when financed an American hospital, for which work
he became professor of English language and he received the thanks of the Shah of Persia and
literature at the Catholic University at Washing¬ also of the American Board of Foreign Missions.
ton. In 1907, however, he relinquished his chair He is survived by his widow, a daughter, two
to accept the appointment as Envoy Extraordi¬ sons, a brother, and a sister.
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Denmark,
which post he held continuously until he resigned Mr. Robert M. McWade, a former consular
in 1918. officer in China, died February 9, 1924, at Provi¬
It was during the term of office of Minister dence, R. I., and was buried in Philadelphia on
Egan that the United States purchased the Dan¬ the 12th.
ish West Indies. Mr. McWade was born in Belfast, Ireland, and
Dr. Egan was an author and translator of many was graduated from colleges in Scotland and then
books, among his works being “The Life Around in Philadelphia, in which city he began his jour¬
Us,” “Modern Novelists,” “Ten Years on the nalistic career, becoming city editor of the Public
German Frontier,” and numerous book reviews. Ledger and founder of the Philadelphia Leader.
For his works he was elected to the American For many years he was Washington correspond¬
Academy in 1919 and twice received decorations ent of various American, Canadian, and English
from foreign governments, first by the King of newspapers.
the Belgians in 1906 and then by the King of On January 18, 1900, he was appointed Con¬
Denmark in 1923. sul at Canton, China, and was promoted to Con¬
sul General on December 9, 1902, from which
office he retired on September 14, 1904, to return
Mr. Williams Carlton Fox, former diplomatic to the United States.
and consular officer, died January 20, 1924, in
The Empress Dowager of China twice deco¬
his sixty-ninth year of age, in New York City. rated him.
Mr. Fox was born May 20, 1855, in St. Louis, Mr. McWade had been a member of the Con¬
Mo.- He received his education at Washington ciliation Division staff of the Department of
University, St. Louis, and at Pennsylvania Labor since its inception in 1914.
Military College. He was appointed Consul at A son, Robert McWade, Jr., survives him.
Brunswick, March 28, 1876, and retired Septem¬
ber 26, 1888. He was appointed Vice Consul at Mr. Daniel J. Rudolph, Consular Agent at
Teheran, Persia, August 24, 1891, but resigned in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, since June 13, 1907,
October, 1892, to become secretary of the Minister died on January 30, 1924, in the seventy-eighth
to Greece, Rumania, and Serbia, 1892-1893. Other year of his age.
96 - »
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BONDS SHORT TERM NOTES ACCEPTANCES

97
 ITEMS
Mr. G. Bie Ravndal, Consul General at Con¬
stantinople, who is spending his leave of absence
COMMERCIAL
in Washington, celebrated, on January 22, his Reports and Letters
twenty-sixth anniversary as a consular officer. A total of 2,498 economic and commercial re¬
He has addressed the Optimist Club and also the
ports was received during the month of January,
District of Columbia Branch of the League of
American Pen Women on the subject of Ameri¬ 1924, as compared with 2,237 during the month
can Ideals. of December, 1923.

Vice Consul Robert W. Imbrie, who was the During the month of January, 1924, there were
American representative at Angora, Turkey, 3,613 Trade Letters transmitted to the Depart¬
until the fall of 1923, recently gave a lecture, ment as against 2,963 in December, 1923.
“Across Asia Minor,” before the National Geo¬ The Consulate General at Habana took first
graphic Society in Washington. place in the number of Trade Letters submitted,
having 82, followed by Rio de Janeiro, 71; Lon¬
don, England, 70; Mexico City, 58; and Bar-
Consul George P. Shaw writes from Puerto ranquilla, 54.
Cortes, Honduras, that the Navy HS-2-L hydro¬
plane arrived at that port at sunset on December
27, 1923, after covering the distance from Wash¬ During the month of January, 1924, there were
ington of approximately 1,883 miles in twenty- received in the Department 2,415 general and
nine flying hours, averaging about 65 miles per miscellaneous letters for transmission to the ad¬
hour. Captain Harrison Estep stated to Mr. dressees in the United States. Warsaw for¬
Shaw that the Liberty motor installed in the fly¬ warded 534, Riga 253, Kovno 169, Constantinople
ing boat “never missed a stroke during the trip” 121, and London 115.
and warmly praised the efficiency of the all-
American crew.
It is said that this machine will inaugurate a
mail, package, and passenger service along the BIRTHS
north coast of Honduras to Puerto Barrios, The BULLETIN takes pleasure in announcing
Guatemala. the following births and congratulates the parents
upon the happy events:
Mr. Charles Lyon Chandler, a former mem¬ A daughter, Ghislaine Marie Albertine, was
ber of the Consular Service, now a member of born January 18, 1924, to Vice Consul and Mrs.
the Corn Exchange National Bank of Philadel¬ Ernest E. Evans, at Mexico City.
phia, visited the Department on February 8, 1924. A son, Keith Hadler, was born November 13,
1923, at Changsha, China, to Vice Consul and
Coert du Bois, Consul Class V, has been as¬ Mrs. Carl D. Meinhardt.
signed to the Visa Office of the Department. A son, Joseph Richard, was born February 1,
1924, at Charlotte, N. C., to Vice Consul and
Mrs. Harry W. Hargis, Jr.
Alfred Nutting, clerk in the Consulate Gen¬
eral at London, celebrated his thirtieth consecu¬ A telegram recently received announces the
tive year in the Consular Service on January 7, birth of a son to Consul and Mrs. Howard Buck-
1924. nell at Canton, China.
98
 REMINISCENCE AND
ADVICE
Joseph I. Brittain, Consul General at Winnipeg,
writes The Bulletin
“When I look back over my career, I can ob¬
serve where I could have made improvements,
but at no time during my service have I con¬
sidered the Consular Service a mission of pleas¬
ure or recreation. I have always felt that the
first duty of an officer should be unswerving
loyalty to his government and constant devotion to
duty. Young men entering the service should all

Fifty Yea rs=!

F IFTY years of running superior
ships in a superior way. Fifty
years of studying the needs of dis¬
criminating travelers. And today—
the precision of personal service and
the perfection of equipment that
characterize every ship of our lines.

Sailings to Ten Ports

To Plymouth, Liverpool, London,
Southampton, Cherbourg, Antwerp,
Bremen, Hamburg, Danzig, Cobh
(Queenstown), Naples and Genoa.
Sailings every Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday and Saturday. Sailings
from New York, Boston, Philadel¬
phia and Montreal. The most com¬
plete of schedules—on the finest of
ships.

Cabin Steamers—Rates from $115

In addition to the MAJESTIC,
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO world’s largest ship, the HOMERIC,
OLYMPIC, BELGENLAND, the
At left Consul General Brittain, then Big Four to Liverpool, and our
Consul at Nantes and Thomas Sankey other de luxe liners, our fleet in¬
who was Consular Agent at St. Nasaire cludes fourteen delightful cabin
ships—ships that attract the true
traveler who knows how to get value
realize that they are sent to their respective posts without paying the most for it.
for service and that upon their individual efforts,
For detailed information apply to No. I
and thus alone, may they hope for advancement. Broadway. New York, the Company's
I have always endeavored to impress upon be¬ offices elsewhere, or any authorized steam¬
ginners that they should work perpendicularly ship agent
and not horizontally; that they should be diggers
and not skimmers. The consular officer who is
content to drift with the tide will soon go over
tlWHITE STAR UNEXf
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the precipice and his frail bark will be wrecked INTERNATIONAL MERCANTILE MARINE CQMFANT

on the rocks below and both consul and career

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pass out of sight as the waters of disapproval
close over them.
99
 AMERICAN (^ONSHLAIL^ULLETIN

REPORT ON FOREIGN well specialize regionally to a certain extent, but

not to the exclusion of a general study of foreign
SERVICE TRAINING trade with the entire world and of the conditions
(Continued from page 80) in all the leading foreign countries. The method
forum for considering its present and future of instruction should be such as will constantly
needs, Dn Swiggett’s committee, he said, is ren¬ develop thinking power. Merely to learn a huge
dering constructive service which cannot fail to mass of facts is not sufficient; they must be
reflect itself beneficially upon the commercial and grasped in their relation to one another, in their
cultural life of the United States. proper perspective.
Dr. Notz commented upon a practical aspect The broader aspects and relations of foreign
of this problem due to the difficulty of placement service training were described at some length
of men trained for foreign trade. In our Ameri¬ in the excellent address of the Director of the
can colleges today several thousand students are Consular Service.* It is of the utmost import¬
majoring in foreign trade courses. The question ance, said Mr. Carr, that the conduct of our
of adjusting this supply to the demand, or of international relations should be in good hands.
developing a demand for men and women trained Our foreign service is worthy of the best talent,
for foreign trade, has become a very live issue. of the best products of our institutions of learn¬
ing, and more than that the finest examples of
The assistant manager of the Foreign Com¬
Americans of culture and unquestioned patriot¬
merce Department of the United States Chamber ism. The young man who is likely to succeed
of Commerce also called attention to the lack of in being admitted to either branch of the service
adequate facilities for placing graduates in com¬ and make a success as an officer, he said, should
mercial positions and referred to it as one of the be well grounded in history, economics, the gov¬
most noticeable gaps in the present-day machinery ernmental and economical development of his
for training young men for foreign trade service. own country, international and at least commer¬
This, he stated, is due in some degree to the cial and maritime law, an accurate reading and
comparative quiet in export trade during the past speaking knowledge of the French language; an
few years; even more perhaps to the age-old
accurate knowledge of the English language; an
tendencies of the practical man to look with dis¬ inquiring mind that analyzes and reflects; a habit
favor upon book learning. Mr. Bacher urged of study; and should be moreover hearty, person¬
the foreign trade instructor to maintain firm able, manly, shrewd, businesslike, observant and
contact with the men and concerns who are well informed with a good knowledge of human
actually doing the nation’s export and import
nature and the instincts of a gentleman in the
business, either through direct contact with these finest sense.
individuals and concerns or through foreign trade
clubs, chambers of commerce, and trade associa¬
tions. He further urged,-in the belief that it will DUTIES OF THE ALIEN
do much to give a practical turn to their training,
that foreign trade students visit the foreign de¬ PROPERTY CUSTODIAN
partments of American corporations, attend the (Continued from, page 82)
meetings of foreign trade clubs, and visit foreign try for the relief of the civil population within the
countries where branch offices of American borders of the countries with which we were
houses are in actual operation. formerly at war. A further legislative proposal
_ The chief of the Eastern European Division would utilize this sum as a fund for reestablish¬
of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com¬ ing commercial relations between the citizens of
merce likewise stated that it is highly desirable this country and those of the former enemy
that the student should get practical experience powers, with particular reference to businesses
side by side with his university work and urged that have been sequestrated by the custodian or
that the student spend some time before gradua¬ m which this office was at one time interested It
tion in actual employment with a business concern may be a number of years before the ultimate
or the Government. Nevertheless, Dr. Durand disposition of the alien property is determined
would not have foreign trade specialization begin upon, dependent upon whether the former enemy
too soon. A good general foundation is needed, powers are able to settle the claims of American
he said, to give ability to think broadly and clearly. Mr. Carrs address will be printe(
A student preparing for foreign trade work may the proceedings of the conference to inpublishedfull in the report of
by the U. S.
Bureau of Education.
100
 These natives were found lost and starving in the
Karop Desert of South Africa. The Oakland,
carrying the rescue party, stood the test of 2000
miles through desert and forest and intense heat.

An Oakland on a South Ameri¬

can road, flooded by heavy rains.
This scene typifies the unusual
conditions under which Oakland
serves faithfully the world over.

Oakland—
the first low-priced
six-cylinder motor car
THE first Oakland was built to
answer the demand of motor¬
bush of Australia—wherever the going
calls for sturdy construction and faithful
service—Oaklands are upholding the
ists for a six-cylinder motor car tradition of the first of their name.
which could be purchased at a low *
price and which would be economi¬
Motorists have a double sense of security
cal to operate. in the purchase of the new Oakland.
That task successfully fulfilled, the The company which builds it is a division
builders of Oakland each year have of General Motors, the largest auto¬
sought to make the finest “light six” motive organization in the world.
that engineering talent, modern ma¬ Uniting the resources of many com¬
chinery and ample financial resources panies which are building fine motor cars
could produce. and making parts, accessories, and
Today Oakland’s reputation is inter¬ equipment, General Motors gives to
national. Across the deserts of Asia and Oakland the economies of great purchas¬
the veldt of Africa, over the boulder- ing power and standardization, plus the
strewn passes of the Andes, through the financial strength of all its divisions.

Further information regarding General Motors may be had by writing

to General Motors Export Company, 224 West 57th Street, New York.

GENERAL MOTORS MAKERS OF MOTOR CARS, TRUCKS, ACCESSORIES AND EQUIPMENT

BUICK . CADILLAC . CHEVROLET . OAKLAND . OLDSMOBILE . GMC TRUCKS

New York . London . Paris . Copenhagen . Soerabaia . Bombay . Calcutta . Shanghai . Yokohama . Honolulu
Sydney . Melbourne . Wellington . Constantinople . Johannesburg . Mexico City . Rio de Janeiro . Buenos Aires

101
citizens against them after the adjudication of were seized and liquidated which would thereby
the claims by the Mixed Claims Commission. be encouraged to resume business in this country,
There is approximately $180,000,000 of cash and it might be that such a plan should be limited
on deposit in the United States Treasury to the to those corporations or individuals whose capital
credit of the Alien Property Custodian, which has been sequestrated by the custodian and whose
sum will increase as the liquidation policy is consent should be obtained before their capital
carried out. The custodian has recommended to is utilized in such a scheme. This plan would not
the President that a plan be considered whereby only benefit the citizens of this country but aid
that portion of the remaining alien property rep¬ in the resumption of business and commercial
resented by the cash in the Treasury may be relations with Europe which were terminated by
utilized in reviving trade and the commercial re¬ the war and which will some day have to be
lations which formerly existed between this coun¬ resumed if a return to the normal friendly rela¬
try and the former enemy powers. To all intents tions existing before the war is to be brought
and purposes this sum represents available capital about.
removed from the channels of trade, and should There are two divergent schools of thought
be put to a useful purpose. Such a governmental that refer to the disposition of alien property.
agency similar to the War Finance Corpora¬ One side would immediately utilize the private
tion having a capital of several hundred million property of our former enemies for the payment
dollars would be capable of earning enough on of the debts of the former enemy governments
this sum not only to settle American claims, when when they are adjudicated by a Mixed Claims
they are finally adjudicated, but return in full Commission. The other would immediately re¬
the property or its equivalent to the former turn all property seized under the Trading with
enemies when the affairs of the alien property the Enemy Act. The treaty executed between
office are finally terminated, thereby adhering to the United States and the successors to the former
the time-honored principle of the non-confiscation enemy powers gives the United States absolute
of private property to pay public debts. There power and authority over this property to be dis¬
are a number of enemy corporations whose assets posed of as the Congress may direct.

Conxemencing
the Consul
•% ^ *%HEN Duty or Pleasure calls the
consul to the Nation's capital,
the official and social environ¬
ment and the luxurious comfort at The
Shoreham enable him to dwell in his
own realm.

Liberal Discounts to
Diplomatic Representatives

15th and H Streets, N. W.

Washington, D. C.

102
ODEEBROTHERS
TOURING CAR
So universal is the car’s
reputation for long life, that
exceptional mileage records
no longer excite surprise.

Touring Cars that were built

by Dodge Brothers during the
first year of their existence
as motor car manufacturers
are still in active daily service.

103
 FROM PILLAR TO POST
STANDARD OIL CO. OF NEW YORK (Continued from page 84)

26 Broadway Ne\y York thoroughly clean. As in many other places on

a Sunday morning, the population was on parade,
and here and there among the crowd was an
Italian officer or soldier.
Larnaca, Cyprus, was reached the following
evening after sundown. The Consular Agent was
at the pier and took us to the Club, where we
were warmly welcomed by the British colony.
The following day some of the party motored to
the very interesting capital, Nicosia, and were
guests at a luncheon given by the Governor.
OIL CO. 01 On entering the harbor of Beirut early the
next morning we sighted a boat headed in our
direction flying the Consular flag. Edward M.
The Mark of Quality Groth, in charge of the Consulate General, had
come out to meet the inspector. We landed early
so that we might see as much as possible of

Socony Beirut before leaving by motor for Baalbek,

which is about a three hours’ trip. The scenery
and coloring were superb. The people, camel
trains and donkeys one encounters en route make

Products
it difficult to believe that one has not slipped
back hundreds of years. To arrive at Baalbek
just before sunset, to see the Acropolis and to
be in the midst of the ruins on a moonlight night
defies description.
According to mythology and tradition, Baal¬
Illuminating Oils bek* is considered one of the most ancient cities
of the world. All the nations, particularly the
Lubricating Oils and Greases Arabs, who took possession of it, suppose that
it dates from time immemorial. According to
Gasoline and Motor Spirits their legends, Adam and the patriarchs inhabited
the country around Baalbek and they believe that
Adam inhabited Damascus and died at Zebandani;
Fuel Oil that Abylene was the scene of the murder of
Abel, whose name it preserves. Noah was buried
Asphaltums, Binders and at Karak-Nooh and his son at Ham, a town in
Road Oils Anti-Lebanon, three hours from Baalbek. The
same legends tell how Cain built Baalbek as a
Paraffine Wax and Candles place of refuge after Jehovah had cursed him.
Estfan Dewaihi, the maronite patriarch, speaks
of Baalbek in the following terms:
Lamps, Stoves and Heaters
Tradition states that the fortress of Baalbek,
on Mount Lebanon, is the most ancient building
Branch Offices in the Principal Cities of in the world. Cain, the son of Adam, built it in
the year 133 of the creation, during a fit of raving
Japan Philippine Islands Turkey madness. He gave it the name of his son, Henek,
China Straits Settlements Syria and peopled it with giants who were punished for
Indo-China Netherlands India Bulgaria their iniquities by the flood.
Siam South Africa Greece The trip from Baalbek to Damascus was no
India Australasia Jugoslavia
less interesting than the trip from Beirut to
* History of Baalbek by Michel M. Alouf, Catholic Printing
Press, Beirut, 1922.
104
Baalbek, each taking about three hours at a good
speed. Unfortunately for us, there was a politi¬
cal protestation strike which had been on for
several days and practically everything was closed
except the mosques and the hotel where we had
the pleasure of having Consul and Mrs. Keely
to lunch with us.
That evening we started on the last leg of our
trip and arrived at Alexandria the following after¬
noon at 2.30, and as at Rhodes we looked for
the Colossus of Rhodes, so we looked for the
Pharos Lighthouse in the Alexandria Harbor,
which was another one of the seven wonders of
the world. Consul Lester Maynard, my prede¬
cessor, and Vice-Consul Scott, and the two
Cawasses came out to welcome me to Egypt.
By dinner time that evening I had assumed
charge of a consulate just west of Suez.

TRACKING MOUNTAIN
PEAKS IN NORWAY
(Continued from page 85)
THE man who uses an Underwood
Portable soon discovers that though
without. Through frost-flecked windows we
gazed. No words (or no words of mine) can
he may dread to write, he likes to type¬
convey a picture of this wildly desolate, mountain¬ write. It is a real pleasure to see the
ous region, frigid in the extreme even in early words appear on paper almost as fast
May. Wind-swept, snow-covered, bristling with as you think them. Typewriting on
crags and peaks, it is a scene never to be for¬ the Underwood Portable is just a flow¬
gotten. ing, effortless, almost automatic record¬
Only to the south is there a break in the jagged ing of your thoughts in sharp, clear,
skyline. There the Hardanger glacier, a direct
remnant of that mass of ice which, in the geo¬ legible form.
logical period preceding the present age covered Price, $50 in the U. S. A.
the entire Scandinavian peninsula, rises with a Weight, uncased, 6^4 lbs.; in traveling
surface like a huge convex shield to a height of case 9% lbs.
6,330 feet. Roughly, it is circular, with a diam¬
The Portable is obtainable at Underwood offices
eter of about seven miles. Only at the edges do in all principal cities, or direct by mail
black crags project through the broken ice at the
margin. On its top its long smooth lines melt Underwood Typewriter Co., Inc.,
imperceptibly into the horizon. In appearance it 1413 New York Ave. N. W., Washington, D. C.
is an enormous eider-coverlet. Yet the down of
eternal snows covers a bed of cruel ice, often
crevassed. And from the middle of this ice-
mass there is a constant slow movement toward
the edges as the pressure from the center accord¬
ing to the laws of gravity, forces the ice as a
plastic mass out towards the low-lying parts.
Toward the extreme edges the movement be¬
comes somewhat more rapid and there the ice
breaks up and is forced in long glacier-arms down
through the valleys.
UNDERWOOD
One of these masses of ice happens to be
visible from the hotel. It is, of course, at the
very fringe of the glacier and on the side nearest
PORTABLE
105
Finse. So deceptive are distances in the clear clothing. We found that we needed none of it.
mountain atmosphere that one would almost At times we shed even our mackinaws and our
wager a stone could be thrown to it from the caps. A rough suit of clothes and a flannel shirt
hotel. Yet that stone needs must be impelled by sufficed.
a Gargantuan if it cover the four miles to that So far as could be observed, nothing that has
product of glacial retching. been invented can save one’s skin from the de¬
Until ski-runners become somewhat acclimated structive mountain sun. I lost two coats of skin
they are advised to take things easily. Our first on my face. Even my ears peeled. A British
morning at Finse was spent on the long and steep, captain was proudly acquiring his fifth coat. Re¬
but comparatively easy and unnamed slope, di¬ turning after a long day in the open, one’s first
rectly across the railway. This initial sport meant movement upon entering his room in the hotel
a climb of about 45 minutes and a descent in was to reach for the jar of cold-cream. What
something less than 2 minutes. Never before had a tender regard we developed for the little opal
we traveled at such speed; at least not on our jars; with what shining faces did we descend to
feet. Although there were some fifteen or twenty dinner and with what cracked smiles did we
feet of snow on the ground and the thermometer recount in the smoking room the adventures and
was at 30 degrees Fahrenheit, the exertion of misadventures of the day! They were unlovely
climbing was such that we perspired freely. The noses and somewhat shaggy ears that we brought
sun seemed unbelievably hot, but the immense with us upon our return to Stockholm.
fields of snow reflected it and were not thawed. On the afternoon of the second day we started
Conditions for skiing were ideal. Never during across that oval table which is in the brief sum¬
our stay did the thermometer register lower than mer Finse Lake, for the Hardanger glacier, or
29 degrees above zero and never did the temper¬ the Hardanger Jokel, as the Norwegians call it.
ature go more than 2 degrees above freezing. From the smooth surface of the lake we made
We had taken with us a great quantity of heavy the ascent of a short slope wickedly studded with
rocks of all sizes and shapes—debris from the
glacier. Followed a sharp and difficult climp up
a crest of perhaps 200 feet, then a gentle down¬
ward slope and we were on the mass of snow
Carl M. J. von Zielinski covering the glacier.
We started to climb, although the weather ap¬
Leslie B. Cooper Luis M. Alzamora peared threatening. In the next three miles one
FOREIGN TRADE AND FINANCIAL ADVISERS ascends more than 2,000 feet before the top of
Specializing in
the glacier is reached. It soon was apparent that
The handling: of Alien Property Custodian Claims, and
on account of the rapidly gathering clouds it
Miscellaneous Collections Here and Abroad. would be unsafe to attempt to reach the top.
New Financing:, Funding: of Debts, Re-Organization of
Finally we called a halt, turned around and
Foreign Firms, Incorporations Under American started the breath-catching descent. Over-heated
Laws, Branch Managements.
by the exertion of climbing, one soon becomes
Financial Investigations and Credit Information uncomfortably cool in the whizzing rush down¬
ward.
Agents and Correspondents Scarcely had we begun the return trip when
in practically all parts of the world snow caught us; heavy clinging snow that came
down so thickly it was impossible to see twenty
HA1TIAN-DOMINICAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
Agents for WHAT TIME WAS IT?
Savage & Stevens Arms, U. S. Ammunition, and
Sonora Phonograph Co. The absence of any “Dry Law” in Venezuela
accounted for the condition of the mariner who,
in a devious course, was approaching the con¬
E. TOSSE & COMPANY, INC. sulate. Suddenly he stopped and looked up at
Exporters of the front of the building, drew from his pocket
CHEMICALS AND DRUGS one of those watches which made the dollar
famous, gazed at it a moment and sadly shook
90-96 Wall Street New York City his head. The time was out of joint. It did not
agree with the consular arms above the door.
106
 AMERICAN CONSULAR ^ULLETIN

feet in any direction. We could tell when we

reached level ground only by our retarded motion.
It was a case of sticking together for the three
of us and skiing as though devils pursued. We
kept well grouped and fairly scooted for Finse.
Of course we carried an accurate compass, but
fortunately we did not have to delay to consult
it. We had the good luck to pick up the ski
tracks we had made en route to the Jokel, and
these were sufficiently distinct to be followed until
we came to Finse Fake, from which it was im¬
possible for us to miss the station and the hotel.
Although we perhaps had been in no particular
danger (the deathly cold glacial wind did not
blow), there was a real thrill in the experience.
It snowed the entire night. Then followed sev¬
eral ideal days, dazzling with sun and absolutely
windless. Our best trip was one of twelve miles
to St. Paul’s peak and return. Following a line
of interesting cairns placed for the guidance of
travelers, we made a series of ascents until we
felt that we could almost scrape the vaulted blue;
until I was not sure that I dared point my skiis
downward and dart away into unknown regions
on the return trip. But what a reward awaited
us after we had skirted the edge of the glacier
known as the Ovnsbraeen and laboriously had
completed the ascent of the peak with only the
edges of our skiis biting into the hard-packed
snow to give us a footing!
I have heard many stories of the wonderful
clarity of the mountain atmosphere, but I have
felt about the persons who recounted them much
as I feel toward an ardent fisherman who tells © Cecil D. Priest.
about the wonderful size of the bass in a certain
lake. Now, the chances are that this man ordi¬ Headdress of a Native of Timbuktu
narily is entirely truthful. Fie may enjoy an
enviable reputation in business or in a profession. WHY not make your camera pay its own way?
Fie may even be what is commonly called “a In over 900.000 homes, THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
pillar of the church.” But after all, he is an MAGAZINE is welcomed each month, because it gives
enthusiastic fisherman or mountaineer, as the old and young entrance to the life of their brothers
case may be. What I am trying to convey is beyond the seas.
that I have believed that these gentlemen, in emo¬
Your record—in photograph or article—of the life about
tional moments, may exaggerate a trifle. Now
you would prove remunerative to you as well as making
I am ready to ask pardon for any accounts I may your name and work known in these hundreds of thou¬
have doubted, and to believe any reasonable sands of worthwhile homes.
story—and some unreasonable ones—as I hope
to be believed when I say that we could see, on Accepted material paid for promptly. Unavailable matter
the side of the glacier ten miles away, just as returned promptly by insured post.
clearly as though they were 100 feet from us,
Booklets describing the National Geographic Society and
two sets of ski tracks probably made the previous its Magazine as well as the kind of photographs and
day. It should be remembered that a ski track is articles desired on request.
but three inches or so in width.
A succession of descents at express-train speed
Address, The Editor
over an unknown terrain is warranted to unjade
the most jaded person imaginable. Such a series National Geographic Magazine, Washington,D. C.
107
 AMERICAN rONSULAR, RULLETIN

we faced on our return trip from St. Paul’s. As DOMINICAN RELIGIOUS

you shoot down a mountainside you see appar¬
ently rushing toward you a ridge that marks the SHRINES
beginning of a new slope. No sooner have you (Continued from page 87)

asked yourself—as you inevitably will—“What of battle turned in favor of Columbus and his
lies beyond?” than you have hit the new slope party, who routed the aborigines, slaying many.
and have found out. But you have no time to Carlos V of Spain recognized the miraculous
digest your experience. A similar unknown escape of his troops, by setting aside funds for
throws itself at you, and then another and an¬ the erection and maintenance of a church on
other. Problems in dodging patches of ice and Santo Cerro. The original edifice was destroyed
in braking arise, and must be solved immedi¬ by an earthquake in 1564. The original cross
ately as they arise. But what a joyous time you was divided among the churches of Hispanola
do have! and other Spanish possessions in America, a
Quite the converse is true when one is making small portion having remained in the Santo Cerro
an ascent. You climb and climb, detouring for Church encased in a cross of gold filigree. Many
rock and ice; gaining but a few yards at a time. pilgrims have also obtained small crosses made
You pause, perspire and pant. What appears from the nispero tree, the remains of which are
to be but a mile away quite probably is five miles still pointed out by the priests in charge of the
distant. I recall the story I read as a child of church.
the boy who started out to find the foot of the For a long period following the destruction of
rainbow. It appeared to be so near that it seemed the first church the shrine received little attention,
an absurdly simple thing to walk to it. Even so but finally a humble wooden chapel was construc¬
is it when one tries to track down a mountain ted, replaced in the early part of the nineteenth
peak in wild Norway. century by a modest brick structure and between

Twhich
HE Hupmobile car is built by a firm of great financial strength,
stands four-square back of every car. The entire operations
of these vast Hupmobile works, which cover thirty acres of ground, com¬
prising almost 3,000,000 square feet of floor space, and employing 5000
people, are devoted to making only Hupmobiles.
HUPP MOTOR CAR CORPORATION
DETROIT, MICHIGAN

Hupmobile
108
 AMERICAN rONSULAH fflLLETIN

1880 and 1890 by the present more pretentious Republic. To pious Dominicans this shrine is
one, which is in good condition. doubtless the most idealistic and venerated in the
Within one of the chapels of the church, there country.
is a hole about two feet square and deep, where We are told by tradition, that over three cen¬
the original cross is reputed to have been planted turies ago, the exact date not being certain, a
by Columbus. It is to that spot that many pil¬ Spanish landowner lived with his wife and two
grims come each year, some from great distances, daughters in the area now occupied by the town
to offer prayers, and countless miraculous heal¬ of Higuey. It was his custom to make occasional
ings are accredited to the soil about it. It is be¬ visits to Santo Domingo City to purchase sup¬
lieved that no matter how much soil is taken from plies, and at such times he always brought back
the cavity, it will always remain at the same level. gifts for his daughters, to whom he was very
In former times, pilgrims made the difficult as¬ devoted. Previous to one such journey, early in
cent to the shrine in kneeling posture, but this January, he asked his daughters what he should
practice no longer prevails. bring them; the older who enjoyed a gay and
The church itself is of typical Spanish archi¬ carefree temperament, asked for ribbons, laces,
tecture. It is exceedingly picturesque as seen by dresses and articles of adornment, whereas the
travellers along the road through the valley, more younger, a serious minded girl devoted to reli¬
so than when nearby, because of a number of gion, amazed the family by asking her father to
dilapitated huts and dwellings standing near it bring the Virgin of Altagracia. The father was
on the hilltop. much perplexed and troubled about this request,
as the name was new to him. He made every
The Altagracia Church at Higuey effort to obtain information on the subject
The sanctuary of the Virgin of Altagracia throughout his journey to the Capital, without
(High Grace) is situated in the small town of success. While returning, he stopped for the
Higuey in the most eastern province of the night in the house of friends and at supper re-

CHARLES C. GLOVER MILTON E. AILES

Chairman of the Board President

The Riggs National Bank

WASHINGTON. D. C.
Pennsylvania Ave., opp. U. S. Treasury Dupont Circle
7th and Eye Streets N. W. 14th St. and Park Road
2477 Eighteenth Street

LETTERS OF CREDIT CABLE TRANSFERS

TRAVELERS CHECKS SAVINGS DEPARTMENT
FOREIGN EXCHANGE BOUGHT AND SOLD

Consular Representatives and visitors to Washington are cordially in¬

vited to avail themselves of our unexcelled Banking Facilities.
A BANKING CONNECTION AT THE CAPITAL IS CONVENIENT. BANK BY MAIL

Capital $2,500,000 Surplus $1,000,000

Resources over $33,000,000

109
counted to them the mysterious request made by ings. The twenty-first of January of each year
his daughter. They were unable to assist him, is specially designated for such pilgrimages and
but at this juncture an unknown stranger sitting is said to have been the day on which the painting
to one side and taking no part in the conversa¬ was delivered to the daughter by her father.
tion, came forward stating he had that which the It was necessary to restore the painting in 1708,
father sought and would deliver it to him. He but it is now in good condition. The church itself
thereupon took from his saddle-bag the oil paint¬ is not of special interest, except as one of the very
ing now called the Virgin of Altagracia and pre¬ old buildings of the country.
sented it to the father. The mysterious stranger The reverence in which the Virgin of Altagracia
would accept no remuneration and the father is held by Dominicans may be judged from the
therefore invited him to visit his home. On aris¬ fact that the newest church constructed at Santo
ing the next morning, however, it was found that Domingo City has been named the Altagracia
the stranger had disappeared in the night and Church and contains a copy of the famous paint¬
never was seen thereafter. The father hastened ing at Higuey, which is venerated with almost
joyfully to his home and delivered the painting equal fervor. The dedication of the new Alta¬
to his daughter upon meeting her beside an orange gracia Church at the Capital was set aside as a
tree where the Altagracia Church now stands. national holiday. Visitors from throughout the
The trunk of this orange tree is still shown as Republic more than doubled the population of
one of the relics of the church. the city for the day. The original painting was
The picture shows the Virgin Mother before brought to the city with great care and a corona¬
the Christ-child in an attitude of adoration, with tion ceremony was held on the Puerta del Conde,
the figure of Joseph behind her. Thousands of one of the old city gates still standing, which was
Dominicans are each year pilgrims to this shrine attended by all church dignitaries, including an
and innumerable miracles are attributed to the apostolic delegate, the highest officials of the na¬
painting of the Virgin. The walls of the church tion, the diplomatic and consular corps and an
bear many tablets testifying to miraculous heal¬ immense throng of the country’s people.

Lubricating the
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power comes from four sources—steam,
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Power efficiency depends upon lubricat¬

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this great problem.

Today this company is looked to for cor¬

rect lubrication by operators of every
known kind of power machinery.

Gargoyle Lubricants are known the

world over. The red Gargoyle on cans and
Lubricating Oils barrels points the way to higher mechani¬
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A ptit for tsth type of soviet

VACUUM OIL COMPANY

110
 SkdwrVfimriek*“Built-To-Endure”

STRUCTURAL STRENGTH SAFES

have been awarded not only the Underwriters’ label as a proof of fire resistance, but
are built far beyond the requirements of the Underwriters’ Standard Test in Fire
Resistance, Structural Strength, Thief or Burglar Resistance.
The principles of construction originated by us in the Steel Safe gave the greatest
Strength in the Structure. The Globe-Wernicke Structural Strength Safe is built not
only to resist all the heat which can be generated in one place in a burning building but
particularly to withstand
the fall plus the crushing
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because the fall and the
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in most cases of the
contents being lost.
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This Safe is fitted with (beginning
at top) '

One No. A-33 Plain Shelf.

Five No. 2-A Partitions 2 inches
high.
One No. A-33 Plain Shelf.
One No. 7317 D. F. (33 inch full
width steel section) 6 document
files.
One No. 7617 C. I. (16%-inch half
width steel section) 3 card index
files 3x5 and 3 lock boxes.
One No. 7617 C. S. P. (16%-in-h
half width steel section) locker or
cupboard.
One No. 7317 V. L. (33-inch full
width steel section), 2 vertical
letter files.
One No. A-33 Plain Shelf.
Two No. A-33 Roller Shelves.

This particular interior is merely

one suggestion. Steel sections,
roller shelves, plain shelves and
partitions can be supplied to fit any
need. Any Globe-Wernicke 33-inch
width Filling Cabinet section of the
17-inch depth can be used in the
safe. The half sections can also be
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Ill
 AMERICAN CONSULAR, jymxBTiyr

CAMPING OUT IN “Although some of the Consular officials func¬

tioned on board a ship in Yokohama harbor dur¬
YOKOHAMA ing this period, yet the American consular officers
(Continued from page 93) erected upon the grounds of the Consulate,
cept for its tragic side and a few moments of United States Army tents and functioned there
discouragement, it has been wonderful fun, for day and night in aid of Americans in Yokohama
everyone has cooperated. Ballantine has proved in need of the services of our Government offi¬
his value as a friend, cook and consular officer. cials. In fact they did not confine their services
His doughnuts are wonderful. to Americans, but assisted peoples of all nationali¬
Mr. and Mrs. Stewart are now camp mates. ties, maintaining a restaurant where food was
It is getting cold and we are anxiously waiting provided free of charge to those of our nationals
the erection of the houses that came from home. and others who were in need, and also provided
I have already housed the office in a temporary sleeping accommodations for many a person who
tin building. We hope to have another tempo¬ otherwise would not have been able to find shelter
rary building to shelter the staff for the winter during the nights which they were detained in
since tents are cold and there are no houses Yokohama in making connections with Trans-
available in all of the area that was once Yoko¬ Pacific ships or otherwise.
hama.” An American Club was organized and was
The following is an extract from a letter to made the headquarters for the American com¬
munity. Many a person will harbor for many
the Department of Commerce from Commercial
years feelings of deep gratitude for the timely
Attache at Pekin, Mr. Julcan Arnold, published and very urgent assistance accorded him during
by courtesy of Mr. F. R. Eldridge, of the De¬ the two months following the dreadful disaster
partment of Commerce: in Yokohama. * * *”

To the Consular Representatives

of the United States:
The United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company puts at your disposal
its services in writing your bond. Special attention is given to the
requirements of consular officers, our Washington manager, Mr. Lee B.
Mosher, having formerly been in the Consular Service. When you have
in mind any form of bond, this company will be pleased to write it for
you.
JOHN R. BLAND, President.

United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company

RESOURCES OVER $34,000,000.00

Washington Branch Office

Suite 327, Southern Building, 15th and H Streets, Washington, D. C.

112
 American Ships for Americans
T HERE is an American
freight or passenger ves-
Shipping Board vessels —
should know why the Ameri¬
sel sailing to and from all can Merchant Marine is now
principal ports of the world. a triumphant reality; why sea¬
Every prospective shipper soned and experienced ship¬
and traveller should know of pers and travellers recommend
the many advantages of U. S. American ships.

INFORMATION DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, D. C.

Send the blank below today for com'

INFORMATION BLANK
plete information regarding your Gov¬ To U. S. Shipping Board
ernment's steamship service to all parts Information Dept. 2211 Washington, D. C.
of the world. In every case agents and Please send complete sets of literature descriptive of
operators of the ships are companies all steamship- lines operated by the Shipping Board.
of long experience and wide repute. In My Name
every service the ships are new or en¬ Address
tirely reconditioned. Write today.
 WHAT YOUR CONSULS DO

THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Frot«ction of American citizens Citizenship
Protection of American interests Registration of Americans
Political and economic reports Passport services, Americana
Consular Courts in extraterritorial countries Alien visa control
Notarial services Deaths of Americans
Depositions and commissions Estates of deceased Americans
Relief of American seamen Witnesses to marriages
Estates of American seamen Recordation of vital statistics

Treasury Department
Protection of revenue
Documentation of merchandise
Valuation of imports
Landing certificates
Protection of Public Health
Bills of Health
Sanitary reports
Disinfection of merchandise
Prohibited importations
Smuggling
Prohibition laws
Valuation of currencies
War Risk Insurance
Investigations, reports, payments

Reports on
Hydrographic data and charts
Lighthouses
Harbor and coaling facilities
Wireless stations
River and Harbor markings
Port rules and regulations
Geographic and marine data
Movements of vessels

Peel Office Department

Reports on
Postal conventions and regulations
Parcels post
Postal banking
American post office at Shanghai

War Department
Purchases of
Raw materials
Supplies and equipment
Geographical data
Topographical data
Philippine matters
Military inventions
Military progress

*>epartment of Labor
Immigration
Chinese Exclusion laws
Section Six Certificate*
Reports on
Labor conditions
Labor legislation

Federal Reserve Board

Financial reports
Exchange matters
Commodity reports

American Consuls serve practfcally every branch of our Government, every business man and, either directly or indirectly, every private citizen.
This chart shows how information gathered by them is concentrated in the Department of State and then distributed to the various governmental agencies and to private
concerns and individuals.
A Consul's more important dutiek are) shown, but by no means all of them.