BIOLOGY

The six common nutrients found in healthy foods are:

Carbohydrates:
Foods that contain carbohydrates:
Rice, bread, beans, potatoes, corn and soft drinks.
Why our body need this?
It’s a fuel that our cells use for respiration to release energy

Write a carbohydrate food source that you ate in the morning ?

Ans:Oatmeal

Proteins:

Foods that contain proteins:

Chicken, beans, fish, egg, beef, milk, cheese and yogurt
Why our body need protein?
for growth
to repair damaged cells
to make hemoglobin and antibodies.
Fats and oils:
Foods that contain fats and oil:
Milk, nuts, olives, avocadoes, butter, cheese, seeds
and fatty meats
Why our body need this?
to give energy
makes cell membrane
What is meant by good fat and bad fat? Give few examples for both ?
Good Fats (Healthy Fats):
Monounsaturated Fat: These fats are beneficial for heart health. They can help
maintain healthy cholesterol levels. Examples include:

● Olive oil
● Avocados
Bad Fats (Unhealthy Fats):

● Saturated fats are solid at room temperature and can raise LDL (bad)
cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease.
○ Fatty cuts of beef, pork, and lamb
Write a protein food source that you ate in the morning ?
Eggs
Why our body need carbohydrate?
Carbohydrates provide the body with glucose, which is converted to energy used
to support bodily functions and physical activity.
Why pregnant women and body builders were consuming more
protein source.

● Pregnant Women: They need protein for fetal development, hormone

production, and overall health. Recommended intake is around 71 grams per
day.
● Bodybuilders: Protein is crucial for muscle growth, repair, and recovery. They
often consume 1.2 to 2.2 grams per kilogram of body weight.

Why we are taking glucose supplement while participating in a sports item?

Glucose supplements are taken during sports to restore energy quickly and
delay fatigue. They provide a rapid source of glucose without requiring
digestion.

How our body utilizes carbohydrate to release energy

Our body utilizes carbohydrates to release energy through a process called

glycolysis. During glycolysis, glucose (a type of carbohydrate) is broken down
into smaller molecules, releasing energy that our cells can use for various
functions.

Make a flow chart of carbohydrate derivatives

Q: How do animals survive during hibernation without eating?

Ans: They store energy in the form of fats in their body. They do this by decreasing
their metabolic rate and lowering their body temperature.

Explain the difference between the meanings of the words “food” and “nutrients”.

● Food: Anything that contains nutrients.

● Nutrients: Substances in food that allow our bodies to function properly1

Note 1

Nutrients Foods that contain a lot Why the body needs this
of this nutrient nutrient

Carbohydrate Rice, bread, beans, It’s a fuel that our cells use
s potatoes, corn, and soft for respiration to release
drinks energy.

Proteins Chicken, beans, fish, - For growth To repair

egg, beef, milk, cheese, damaged cells To make
and yogurt hemoglobin and antibodies.

Fats and oils Milk, nuts, olives, - To give energy

avocadoes, butter,
- To form cell membranes.
cheese, seeds, and
fatty meats

Topic: Nutrients

1.Vitamins
2. Minerals

3. Water

The six common nutrients found in healthy foods are:

Macro nutrients

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats and oils

Water

Micro nutrients:

Vitamins

Minerals

MINERALS

Calcium:

Foods that contain calcium:

Milk products, seeds and some types of nuts ( almonds)

Explain, why our body need this?

For strong bones and teeth

Iron:
Foods that contain iron:

Red meat, dark green vegetables, fish, nuts and seeds.

Explain the importance of Iron in your diet?

to make haemoglobin , its deficiency causes anaemia

Vitamin A:

Foods that contain vitamin A:

green vegetables, carrots and squash(pumpkin), fruits, dairy

(cheese, yogurt) and some kind of fish

Predict, why our body need this?

good vision

helps WBCs to fight pathogens

Its deficiency causes blur vision

VITAMIN C

Foods that contain proteins:

Fresh fruits and vegetables, specially Citrus fruits, potatoes and

colourful berries.

The importance of vitamin C?

Healthy skin
Helps damaged skin to heal quickly

Keeps blood vessels and bones healthy

Its deficiency causes scurvy (swollen and bleeding gums)

Foods that contain vitamin D:

Oily fish and dairy

Mostly from sunlight

Explain the importance of vitamin D?

Strong bones and teeth

Helps the body to absorb calcium from food

Its deficiency causes rickets( stop bones growth)

Rickets is a condition caused by the deficiency of vitamin D.

Observe the image and point out the symptoms?

Rickets is a condition that affects bone development in children.

It causes bone pain, poor growth and soft, weak bones that can

lead to bone deformities.

In the past, 2 million sailors died of the disease scurvy .

Discover the reason behind this?

Scurvy is a disease caused by a serious vitamin C deficiency. Not

eating enough fruits and vegetables is the main cause of the
disease. Left untreated, scurvy can lead to bleeding gums,
loosened teeth and bleeding under your skin. Treatment for the
condition includes getting plenty of vitaminC in your diet.

Explain why a person with anaemia does not have much energy.

Ans: Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which combines with

oxygen and carries to each cell of the body for respiration, as a
result energy is produced. People with anaemia have less
haemoglobin, so not enough oxygen is ransported around the
body.

Topic: 7.2 A balanced diet

A balanced diet

A diet that provides all the different kinds of nutrients, and the
right amount of energy, is called a balanced diet.

What is the right amount of energy:

The energy in the food we eat = the energy we use

Different people use different amount of energy.

Sports person(need more energy to run )

Office person(computer engineer, accountant, receptionist use

less energy

as they don't move much)

Children( protein for growth, to make new cells, carbohydrates

for daily
activities, little fats to make membrane on new cells).

Tall people( use more energy to move their body)

Pregnant women (plenty of protein to build her growing baby’s

new cells, iron for blood and calcium for bones).

FIBRE

Predict the foods that contain fibre:

Fibre is mostly cellulose. So foods made from plants are good

source of fibre.

Cereal, grains, seeds, fresh fruits and vegetables are good source
of fibre.

Why our body need this?

It keeps your digestive system healthy.

It helps to prevent constipation.

WATER

Almost 60% of a person’s body weight is made up of water

Water in cells allows all the different chemicals to dissolve, so

they can

react together.Water in blood allows it to flow easily,

transporting substances all over the body.
Do you think food pyramid is healthier and suitable for every
person?

If not explain why?

Ans: No, there is not one diet that works best for everyone.

Explain why sweets and fried foods are at the top of the
triangle.

Ans: We should take them in a little amount. They are not

healthy.

b) Explain why it is better to eat whole- grain bread or brown

rice rather than white bread or white rice.

Ans: It prevents constipation as it has more fiber.

c) Suggest how you can make sure you get enough protein in
your diet, if you don’t like eating meat or fish.

Ans: We should include beans, dairy products and egg in our

diet.

Q: Predict what causes a person not to grow well?

Ans: Malnutrition, severe stress, endocrine (hormone) diseases,

such as diabetes or a lack of thyroid hormones, which are
necessary for normal bone growth and syndromes (genetic
disorders).
 Suggest any 2 practices that accelerate growth and development
in an individual.

Ans: exercise, meditation, practise challenging task, take healthy

food

Q:How does the natural environment affect an individual's

growth and development?

Ans:Nature helps a child's development in many ways such as in

increase physical health, also enhance social-emotional and
intellectual development. Playing in nature, spending time in
the natural atmosphere increase the motor skills of a child.
Outdoor play and learning enhance body balance and
coordination.

Exercise and health.

Why exercise is good for a person’shealth?

Boost the memory

Improves concentration

Improves mental health

Helps in physical fitness and weight loss

Protects the body against diseases

Improves heart and lungs health

Improves cholesterol levels

Improves metabolism

1.When you exercise, your body produces a chemical, which can

make you feel happier and more peaceful. What is the name of
that chemical?

Ans: endorphins

How can we use exercise to prevent and treat various medical

conditions. Give examples.

Regular physical activity helps improve your overall health,

fitness, and quality of life. It also helps reduce your risk of
chronic conditions like obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease,
many types of cancer, depression and anxiety, and dementia.

Predict the potential risks associated with exercising too much

or too little?

Risks of Exercising Too Much:

● Poor nutrition: Not fueling your body adequately for the exercise you’re doing.
● Lack of sleep: Insufficient restorative sleep.

Risks of Exercising Too Little:

1. Weight Management: Lack of physical activity contributes to weight gain.

2. Mental Health: Exercise plays a crucial role in managing stress and anxiety.