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Pharyngitis

The document discusses pharyngitis, including its definition, classification into acute and chronic types, common causes such as viral and bacterial infections, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx or throat that causes sore throat, and can be caused by infections like strep throat and have complications if not properly treated.

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127 views15 pages

Pharyngitis

The document discusses pharyngitis, including its definition, classification into acute and chronic types, common causes such as viral and bacterial infections, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx or throat that causes sore throat, and can be caused by infections like strep throat and have complications if not properly treated.

Uploaded by

vowamik352
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mrs.

selvarani justin
Asso. Prof in Paediatric Nsg
SIMS
 Definition– inflammation of the pharynx or pharyngeal
wall characterized by pain over pharynx (sore throat)

Classification –
 Acute pharyngitis
 chronic pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis
 It is of sudden onset
 Short duration
 It may be purulent or ulcerative

Chronic pharyngitis
 Gradual onset
 Long duration of symptoms
 Due to persistent inflammation of the pharynx
Chronic pharyngitis are of 3 types

 Hypertrophic – characterized by general thickening


and congestion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane

 Atrophic – the membrane is thin, whitish, glistening

 Granular – characterized by numerous swollen lymph


follicles on the pharyngeal wall

If tonsillitis involves it is termed as


pharyngotonsillitis
Majority of cases are due to an infectious organism
acquired from contact with an infected individual
Infectious causes
Viral (40-80%)
 Adenovirus – lymph node enlargement will be there and
severe throat pain
 Influenza – rapid onset of high temperature, headache
and sore throat
 Epstein barr virus (mononucleosis) – marked redness and
swelling and exudative tonsillitis
 Herpes simplex virus – mouth ulcers
 Measles ,Rhinovirus, coronavirus.
 GROUP A streptococcus (GAS)
 Streptococcus pneumoniae
 Haemophilus influenzae
 Bordetella pertusis
 Cornybacterium diphtheriae
 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
 Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GAS)
 Most common bacterial cause.
 Fever, sore throat and large lymph nodes are the
symptoms
 Contagious - infection spread by close contact

Fungal causes
Candida albicans – oral thrush
 Chemical irritation – smoking
 Thermal irritation
 Head and neck neoplasm
 Allergies , allergic rhinitis
 Gastroesophageal reflux disease
 Sore throat, dry or scratchy throat
 Sneezing
 Runny nose
 Headache
 Fatigue
 Body aches
 Chills
 Fever
Strep throat can cause
 Trouble swallowing
 Red throat with white patches
 Swollen lymph nodes
 Fever
 Chills
 Loss of appetite and nausea
 Unusual taste in mouth
 General malaise
 History collections
 Physical examination
 Throat swab – culture
 Blood tests – CBC
 RSAT – rapid streptococcal antigen
test
 Symptomatic treatment

 Analgesics – acetaminophen and NSAIDS

 Steroids (dexamethasone)

 acetaminophen – relieves pain

 Antibiotics – for bacterial infection

 Antiviral – for viral infection

 Antifungal – imidazole, triazole, thiazole


 Ear infection

 Sinusitis

 Abscess near the tonsils

 Rheumatic fever if strep throat is not treated

 Glomerulonephritis

 Scarlet fever
 Drinking plenty of fluids
 Lemon tea or tea with honey
 Fluid food rather than solid
 Gargling with warm salt water
 Using throat lozenges
 Using humidifier
 Proper rest
 Acetaminophen if needed to decrease pain
 Avoid sharing food, drinks and eating utensils

 Hand washing after coughing or sneezing

 Use alcohol based hand sanitizers

 Avoid smoking

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