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"Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods
and services that you need to live well." Explain
with examples.

Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods

and services that you may need to live well:

Income by itself is not a completely adequate

indicator of material goods and services that
citizens are able to use. For example, normally,
your money cannot buy you a pollution-free
environment or ensure that you get
unadulterated medicines, unless you can afford
to shift to a community that already has all these
things. Money may also not be able to protect
you from infectious diseases, unless the whole
of your community takes preventive steps.
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10. "The Earth has enough resources to meet
the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the
greed of even one person". How is this
statement relevant to the discussion of
development? Discuss.

Answer: Development not just depends on the

economic factors of a country, but is also
dependent on resources that are available for
the people of a country to use. The statement:
"The Earth has enough resources to meet the
needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed
of even one person" is completely relevant in
terms of the development of a country because
natural resources are non-renewable resources.
It is the responsibility of the people to use them
only to meet their needs and not to satisfy their
greed. If natural resources are not used wisely
now, the future generations may not be able to
use them for their needs, which will result in the
downfall of development of a country.
5. In what respects is the criterion used by the
UNDP for measuring development different
from the one used by the World Bank?

Answer: The criterion used by UNDP is different

from the one used by the World Bank because
UNDP compares countries based on the
educational level of the people, their health
status and per capita income. This is in contrast
with the method used by the World Bank
because the World Bank only calculates the per
capita income for measuring development.
4. What is the main criterion used by the World
Bank in classifying different countries? What
are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Answer: World Bank uses the per capita income

to classify different countries. The per capita
income is calculated by dividing the total
income of the country by the population of the
country. For the year 2017, the countries with
per capita income of US $12,056 per annum
were declared rich countries and the countries
with per capita income of US $ 955 or less are
called low-income countries.

The limitations of the criterion are:

1. Other important factors, including literacy

rate, infant mortality rate, healthcare, are
ignored while classifying the countries.
2. Information about the unequal
distribution of income is not mentioned
by The World Bank
3. The economy of the country cannot
determine the development of the
country.
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 ( Obiective Type Questions ) [ 1 Mark each]
1 Development of an individual refers to
(a) mental d evelopment 7 Among Haryana, Kerala a nd Bihar, the
(b) physical developme nt lowest per-capita income state is Bihar. It
(c} spiritual d eve lopme nt shows that
(d} overall developme nt (a) Biha r has high stand ard of livi ng
(b) People are ea rn ing less in KeraJa
\1 , . (d)
(c) Maharashtra has more number of rich p eople
2 Develo~ment goal for landless agricultural (d) On an average, people in Bihar have low income
labour 1s t\11 s. (d)
(a} high prices for crops
(b) more days of work
8 The literacy rate is highest in Kerala while
(c} cheap labour the infant mortality rate is highest in Bihar.
(d} pollution free environment
What does it show?
(a) Most of the people in Kerala and Bihar have
,, , (b)
good living conditions.
3 If industrialists want more dams then why do (b) Both Bihar and Kerala lack basic necessities of
life .
local people resist it?
(c) The standard of living in Kerala is better tha n
(a} They will be displaced.
Bihar.
(b} Their lands will be submerged. (d) The standa rd of living in Biha r is better than
(c} Their will be no source of earning for them. Kerala.
(d) All of the above
Ans. (c)
-'"' · (d)
9 The Human Development Report (HDR)
4 People may have different developmental published by UNDP compares countries
goals; what is development for one, may even based on literacy rate, h ealth status and
be ....... ... .. for the other.
(a) destructive (b) constructive (a) National income
(cl same (d) equal (b) Per-capita income
~,,s. (a) (c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
S Dividing the total income of country with its Ans. (b)
population, we get
I. Per-Capita income 10 The total number of children attending school
II. National income as a percentage of total number of children in
III. Average Income the same age group is called
IV. Total Income (a) net attendance ratio
(b) literacy rate
Codes (c) gross enrolment ratio
(a) Only III (b) I and II
(d) level of education
(c) All of the above (d) None of these
Ans. (a)
\ns. (a)
11 A good way to measure the quality of life in
6 Toe per-capita income of different countries countries across the world is by comparing
is counted in which currency? their .......... .. .
(a) Rupees (a) per capita Income
(b) Pounds (b) human development index
(c) US Dollars (c) gross national income
(d) Canadian Dollars (d) sustainable development
An~. (c) Ans. (b)
 (c) GNI gross national incom ~
12 Which among the following is not a public (d) HDI human development mdex
facility?
(a) Transport and electricity A11s. (b)
(b) Roads and bridges 14 Economic developme nt by maintaining the
(c) Private schools natural resources for present and future Use 4
(d) Government hospitals
known as
. \ 11s . (c) (a) sustaina ble development
13 The ... ......... helps in maintaining the (bl planned development
(c) human developme nt Index
nutritional levels of poor people by providing
food at lower cost. (d) de velopment
(a) BM I body mass indez Ans. (a)
(b) PDS public distribution syte m

( Very Short Answer IVSAI Type Questions ) [ 1 Mark each]

1 Why do people look at a mix of goals for 7 Name the basic criterion that is used by World
development? Bank for comparison of countries on the basis
A11s. People look ar a mix of goals for development of development.
because they wane more income alongwith respect, or
dignity, safety, security, poUucion free environment Which criterion is used in World Development
ere. Report in classifying countries? CBSE2015
2 Can you imagine one developmental goal of a A 11 s. World Bank uses the income criterion i.e. per capiu
landless rural labour? income to compare countries.
r\11 s. More days of work and better wages are the 8 Why is per capita income counted in dollar
developmental goals of a landless rural labour. rather than our rupee?
3 Write any one aspiration that a prosperous Aus. Dollar is an international currency and has world
farmer from Punjab may possess for his wide acceptance so it is used for comparative analysis.
development. 9 State the difference between literacy rate and
A11s. A prosperous farmer from Punjab may wane co hire attendance ratio.
more work force in his farm to produce more and A11s. Literacy rate is the proportion of literate persons in
earn more profit. the age group of 7 or above, but attendance ratio is
4 Give one example how rich and poor have the proportion of children of a specific age group
conflicting goals of development. attending school to the total number of children in the
same group.
A n s. Industrialists, for their electricity requirement may
want more darns, bur thar may displace poor people 10 Mention one single major reason for more
in the surroundings.
dropout ratio in Bihar.
S Name one criterion other than income which A ns. Poverty can be the single major reason for more
may reflect the level of development. dropout ratio in Bihar.
or Write any one indicator of Human 11 Give one major reason for which children
Development Index. CBSE 2015 particularly girls are not able to achieve
A ns. Level of educacion i.e. gross enrollment ratio is secondary level schooling.
another criterion which may reflect levels of A ns. This is because government/society has not provided
development. adequate facilities.

6 Mention one non-material benefit that 12 Write one example of inequality in urban areas.
increases welfare of population. A ns. High rise building and shopping malls at the
A 11s. Clean drinking water, health facility, ere. are non- centre and slums like dirty, old colonies in .
material benefits that increases welfare of population. the outskirts are the best example of urban inequaliC)'·