EVM BROCHURE

FOR ELECTORS

OCTOBER, 2023

ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA

EVM Brochure for Electors Page 1

 Control Unit (CU) VVPAT Ballot Unit (BU)
Electronic Voting Machine (EVM): An EVM consists of two units, namely, Control Unit (CU) and
Ballot Unit (BU) with a cable (5mt.long). A Ballot Unit caters upto16 candidates. 24 (Twenty-four) Ballot
Units can be cascaded together for catering to 384 candidates (including NOTA) which can be used with
one Control Unit. On the right side of the BU along the candidates’ vote button, digits 1 to 16 are
embossed in Braille signage for guidance of visually impaired electors. It runs on a power pack (Battery)
having 7.5 volts.

Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT): Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail is an independent system
attached with the Electronic Voting Machines that allows the voters to verify that their votes are cast as
intended. VVPAT runs on a power pack (Battery) of 22.5 volts.

Functioning of EVM and VVPAT:

 Control Unit is kept with the Presiding Officer/Polling Officer and Ballot Unit and VVPAT are kept in
the Voting Compartment.
 When a vote is cast on Ballot Unit by pressing candidate button (Blue Button) of his/her choice, RED
light is glow against that particular candidate button.
 On other hand, a slip is printed on the VVPAT printer containing the serial number, name and symbol
of the candidate and remains exposed through a transparent window for about 7 seconds.
 Thereafter, this printed slip automatically gets cut and falls in sealed drop-box of the VVPAT.
 Thereafter, a beep sound is heard from the Control Unit to ensure vote has been registered successfully.

EVM Brochure for Electors Page 2

 Technical Security Features
Features Purpose Ruled Out

Standalone EVM used by the Commission is a stand-alone non- Any connection with
networked machine which can be connected to external world through
EVM components only (e.g. CU, BU, VVPAT, wire or wireless
SLU, P-FLCU).
One Time The machine is electronically protected to prevent Any alteration or
Programmable (OTP) any tampering/manipulation. The programme tampering
Chip (software) used in these machines is burnt into a
One Time Programmable (OTP) chip so that it
cannot be altered or tampered with.
Unauthorized Access Software as well as polled data is stored in the Any access to
Detection Module micro-controller of the Control Unit of EVM, which microcontroller or
(UADM) is protected by a Secure Module. Any attempt to memory
open the Secure Module at any time whether the
machine is on or off, renders the machine in factory
mode and the machine becomes inoperative.
No Radio Frequency Any tampering of ECI-EVM by coded signals by Any tampering by
Transmission or wireless, Bluetooth or WiFi is ruled out as EVM coded signals by
Reception Capability does not have any radio frequency (RF) wireless like Bluetooth
communication capability, hence, cannot or Wifi
communicate through Wifi, Bluetooth etc.
Dynamic Coding of Every key press is coded dynamically making it Any decoding of the
Key Presses impossible for anyone to decode the signals signal between Control
between Control Unit and Ballot Unit. Unit, Ballot Unit and
VVPAT
Most Advanced Standards used are proven to work effectively in Any deciphering by
Encryption modern systems tapping cables
Techniques
Strong Mutual The strong mutual authentication capability ensures Any interaction with
Authentication that any unauthorized devices cannot interact with any unauthorized
Capability EVMs devices

Real Time Clock for Every authorised or un-authorised key press is Any malpractice
date and time stamping recorded with date and time stamp on real time
key presses basis.

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 S. No. Various activities related to EVMs/VVPATs with the involvement of the
representatives of National & State Recognised Political Parties and Candidates
1. Opening and Closing of EVM warehouse
 During non-election period till finalization of list of the contesting candidates,
EVM-VVPAT warehouses are opened/closed (for any purpose like movement,
inspection etc.) in the presence of the representatives of National and State
Recognised Political Parties.
 With finalization of list of the contesting candidates, candidates and their
representatives are involved while opening and closing of EVM-VVPAT
warehouses/strong room.
 Opening and Closing of EVM warehouse/strong room is done under videography.

2 First Level Checking of EVMs and VVPATs

 First Level Checking of EVMs and VVPATs is conducted before every election
by the authorised engineers of Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Electronics
Corporation of India Limited (ECIL) at DEO level.
 For this purpose, National and State Recognised Political Parties at district
headquarters are invited in writing by DEO concerned at least two days before the
beginning of FLC and a copy is endorsed to state headquarters.
 The representatives of National and State Recognised Political Parties are
involved to oversee entire FLC process.
 Higher mock poll is conducted in 5% randomly selected EVMs and VVPATs
(i.e. 1200 votes in 1% EVMs, 1000 votes in 2% EVMs and 500 votes in 2%
EVMs). The electronic result of EVM is tallied with the VVPAT slips count.
They are allowed to pick 5% EVMs and VVPATs randomly and also to do mock
poll.
 List of FLC ok EVMs and VVPATs is shared with all National and State
Recognised Political Parties.
 The representatives of National and State Recognised Political Parties are allowed
to sign the seals, forms register during FLC.

3 Taking out of EVMs and VVPATs for Training and Awareness after FLC
 After completion of FLC, maximum up to 10% EVMs and VVPATs are taken out
for awareness and training purpose in the presence of National and State
Recognised Political Parties.
 The list of awareness and training EVMs and VVPATs is shared with them.

4 Randomizations of EVMs and VVPATs

 First randomization of EVMs and VVPATs is conducted in the presence of
National and State Recognised Political Parties to allocate EVMs and VVPATs
Assembly constituency/ segment-wise.
 List of first randomized EVMs and VVPATs (AC/AS-wise) is shared with
National and State Recognised Political Parties.
 After finalization of list of contesting candidate, list of first randomized EVMs
and VVPATs (AC/AS-wise) is also shared with contesting candidate.

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  Second randomization of EVMs and VVPATs is conducted, before
commissioning of EVMs and VVPATs, in the presence of contesting candidates
to allocate polling station wise and reserve machines.
 The list of second randomized EVMs and VVPATs is shared with contesting
candidates.
5 Commissioning of EVMs and VVPATs
 Commissioning of EVMs and VVPATs for use in poll is done in the presence of
contesting candidates.
 Candidates/their representatives are allowed to sign the seals used in sealing
EVMs and VVPATs.
 Higher mock poll is conducted in 5% randomly selected EVMs and VVPATs by
casting 1000 votes. The electronic result of EVM is tallied with the VVPAT slips
count. Candidates/their representatives are allowed to pick 5% EVMs and
VVPATs randomly and also to do mock poll.
6 Dispersal of EVMs and VVPATs with Polling Parties
 Dispersal of EVMs and VVPATs are done in the presence of the contesting
candidates.
7 Mock Poll and Actual Poll on Poll Day
 Mock Poll on Poll day is conducted at every polling station in the presence of the
polling agents nominated by the contesting candidates.

 Polling agents nominated by the contesting candidates are allowed to remain in

polling stations to observe polling process.
 Polling agents are allowed to sign the seals used in sealing EVMs and VVPATs
(before commencement of poll and close of poll).
8 Transportation of polled EVMs and VVPATs from Polling Stations to Collection
Centre
 Candidates/Polling agents are allowed to follow vehicles carrying polled EVMs
and VVPATs from polling station to collection centre.

9 Storage of Polled EVMs and VVPATs

 Polled EVMs and VVPATs are stored in the strong room in the presence of
Candidates/their representatives.
 Candidates/their representatives are also allowed to put their seals on the locks of
the strong room.
 Candidates/their representatives are also allowed to monitor storage and security
of polled EVMs and VVPATs.
10 Counting Day
 Polled Strong Room is opened in the presence of Candidates/their representatives,
Returning Officer, ECI Observer on counting days.

 Counting of votes is done in the presence of candidates and counting agents

appointed by them.

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