Department of Industrial & Production Engineering
SUBJECT:
Product Design & Manufacturing -20IP530
Odd Semester-2023-24
Semester: V
AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINQUISHER
Event Submission
Submitted By, Submitted To,
Sagar K M (01JCE21IP034) Dr. Manjunatha.B M.Tech., Ph.D, AMIE
Bhargava Sharma N U (01JCE21IP009) Assistant Professor,
Rakshith Gowda M C (01JCE21IP411) Department of I&P Engineering
JSS STU, SJCE, Mysore
Marks Scored Signature of the Faculty
INDEX
SR. NO. TOPICS PAGE
NO.
1. Introduction 1
2. Literature Survey 2-3
3. Components Needed 4
For Automatic Fire
Extinquisher
4. Working Principle 5
5. Design/ working 6
Process
6. Block Diagram of 7
Automatic Fire
Extinquisher
7. Experimental Result 8
and Future Scope
8. Conclusion 9
9. References 10
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG 1 : Automatic Fire Extinquisher .................................................................. 3
FIG 2 : Components Needed For Automatic fire Extinquisher .......................... 4
FIG 3 : Method/ Working Process .................................................................... 6
FIG 4 : Block Diagram of Automatic Fire Extinquisher .................................... 7
1.Introduction To Automatic Fire Extinquisher
Fire hazards can be a common problem for life and property. Automatic Chimney
Shutdown Strategy provides real-time monitoring, accessories and programmed chimney
alarms. This article will give you an idea of what an affordable, durable and reliable
structural fire protection system looks like. Send early fire warnings and help reduce fire
damage. This method consists of a smoke detector and a temperature detector connected
to a controller. The system takes smoke hazards into account and often avoids the
possibility of false alarms.Conventional fire extinguisher is critical to convey people
immediately after the fire and also people cannot act spontaneously .A census states that
in India, 35 people die every day due to accidental fire. Did you know, over the last four
years, we have lost 60,507 lives due to fire (2015- 2018). In 2018, in an fire accident
13099 cases were reported and it is a decrease of 2.2% over 2017.Is the decrease because
of underreporting or are we seeing a shift in the number of fatalities from fire accidents.
And 12748 people were died in fire accident and in that 35 Indian people were there.
Nearly 4,290 fire-related deaths wire the people belongs to the age group between 18 and
30, followed by 3,860 people belongs to the age group between 30 and 45. These
vulnerable age groups together account for 63% of all fire-related deaths. This paper
shows an usage of a proficient and practical arrangement reasonable for railroad
application at the point. If the fire is identified spontaneously and controlled
automatically, the losses can be prevented.
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2.LITERATURE SURVEY
J Jalani , D Misman , AS Sadun & LC Hong (2019) “Automatic fire extinguisher with
notification” states that automatic fire extinguishing robot with notification can detect and
extinguish fires. You can also move randomly in rooms with obstacle avoidance. Md
Turab Hossain, Hadiul Islam (2022) in their paper " Based fire alarm system module"
stated. The purpose of this project is to assist building owners in overcoming the issue of
fire spreading when the owner is not present in the structure. Resident spaces and the
building are constantly prone to unexpected or critical situations that go unnoticed by
those within. B. Swetha Sampath (2020) in their paper "Hardware based Automatic Fire
Extinguisher" stated The system uses the IC741 as an amplifier and comparator, along
with a thermocouple and water pump to automatically supply water when the robot is on
fire. The robot's movements are predicted using obstacle avoidance.
A Fire Extinguisher is made by storing pressure made by Anterex and it is an device
which is active to extinguish and control fire often in the emergency.
It is then not used for out of control fire situation,(i.e., noescape route). And the fire
extinguisher consists of a handheld cylindrical vessel and anagent that can be used to
discharge fire. And there some extinguishers which are non - cylindrical and that are not
commonly used.
Two types of extinguishers were there. They are
1. Stored pressure fire extinguisher
2. Catrige operated fire extinguisher.
In stored pressure , expellant will be stored in an same chamber as an fire agent which
can be able to fight . Different propellants were used based on the agents . Nitrogen which
is used by Dry chemical Extinguisher ; Air which is used in water extinguishers and foam
extinguishers. Stored fire extinguishers, which is an most common type. Expellant gas
which is used in Catridge Operated Extinguishers in a separated catridge which is
punctuated before discharge of it, and it helps in exposing its propellent to its
extinguishing agent. And it have an advantage that it is simple and it will be an prompt
recharge, which allows an operator to the discharge its extinguisher and then recharge it,
and then return to its fire in some amount of the time which is reasonable. In catridge
types carbon dioxide were stored where as in stored pressure types nitrogen were stored,
where nitrogen cartridges were used in an low temperature(i.e., - 60) models. Cartridge
operated extinguishers were available in Dry Chemical Types and Dry Powder Types.
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Classes of fire side
• Class A –fire caused because of the solid materialslike wood.
• Class B–fires caused because of liquid combustion materials like gasolene, diesel or oils.
• Class C–fires which is caused by the gases.
• Class D–fires which is caused by metals
• Class E–fires which caused by live electrical equipment. (Technically Category “E” doesn’t
exists, here it’s used for convenience)
• Class F –fires caused because of preparation oils like in deeo- fat fryers.
Fig 1 : Automatic fire Extinguisher
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3. METHODOLOGY/EXPERIMENTAL
A. Materials Tools and technology:
1. Battery
2. Relay module
3. Mini water pump
4. Pipe
5. Jumper wires
6. Flame sensor module
7. Buzzer
Fig 2 : Components Needed For Automatic fire Extinquisher
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4.WORKING PRINCIPLE
Firstly, we gathered all the components required Firstly, we gathered all the components
required for the project. So, the main components used for the project were a Smoke sensor, ,
ESP8266, Dc motor water pump, Relay Module, Servo motor, Buzzer, and 9v battery. The
number of smoke sensors used in the project is two. The smoke sensor can work on both
analog as well as digital but we will prefer analog because as the smoke density increases the
output will vary and it will be easy for us to know the changes. These two sensors are placed
exactly opposite (almost 180 degrees) to each other to cover most of the area. The distance
among them is about 1 ft between this sensor, Servo motor is placed exactly at the center.
With the help of a servo motor, the water pipe will be set according to the sensor. The Servo
motor will change direction according to where the smoke will be detected. This could be
done by executing the code on Arduino IDE. Henceforth DC water pump will be connected to
the servo motor which will fire the water at the prone area. Whenever any of these two
sensors detect smoke (above a particular limit which will be set by us through INTEGRATED
DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT), the whole system starts working. After this, the relay
(used as a switch) which is connected to the Arduino Kit starts working after the detection of
the smoke. The relay is integrated with the buzzer as well as the DC water pump. So, after the
detection of smoke, the buzzer will create a popping sound and simultaneously water will be
ejaculated from the DC water pump. Also, simultaneously a message will pop up on our
mobile phone through ESP8266. ESP8266 is a low cost open source IoT platform. As this
will not only extinguish the fire but will also create a sound to make us or nearby people alert
while a message will also get generated. Hence, we can say that the above project can be
referred to as 3 LEVELED PROTECTED SYSTEM.
FLAME SENSING ELEMENT - A flame sensing element is employed to notice the presence
of fireplace and conjointly different infrared sources.
SMOKE SENSING ELEMENT - A smoke sensing element may be a device that senses
smoke, usually it's the indicator of smoke caused by fireplace. Industrial and residential
security devices issue a symptom to a fireplace alarm panel as a part of a fireplace fire
extinguisher or any kind of fire device, whereas unit detect o s called smoke alarms issue
neighbourhood audible or visual alarm
DHT111 - It's as heap digital sensing element for sensing temperature and humidness. This
sensing element will be simply interfaced with any micro-controller like, Rasberry Pi etc., to
live humidness and temperature instaneously.
ESP8266 LOCAL AREA NETWORK MODULE - theESP8266 is capable of Either hosting
associate degree application or offloading all local area network networking functions from
another application processor.
RELAY SWITCH - A relay is associate degree electrically operated switch. It consists of a
collection of input terminals for one or multiplemanagement signals, and a collection of
operative contact terminals.
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5.Design/Method
FIG 3 : Method/ Working Process
Firstly, we gathered all the components required Firstly, we gathered all the components
required for the project. So, the main components used for the project were a Smoke sensor,
Uno kit, ESP8266, Dc motor water pump, Relay Module, Servo motor, Buzzer, and 9v
battery.
The number of smoke sensors used in the project is two. The smoke sensor can work on both
analog as well as digital but we will prefer analog because as the smoke density increases the
output will vary and it will be easy for us to know the changes. These two sensors are placed
exactly opposite (almost 180 degrees) to each other to cover most of the area. The distance
among them is about 1 ft between this sensor, Servo motor is placed exactly at the center.
With the help of a servo motor, the water pipe will be set according to the sensor. The Servo
motor will change direction according to where the smoke will be detected. This could be
done by executing the code on IDE. Henceforth DC water pump will be connected to the
servo motor which will fire the water at the prone area.
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6.Block diagram of Automatic Fire Extinguisher
Software Description With the all, with spectacular speeds and performance power compared
to standard models, they have currently been a must-buy for all manufacturers and school
enthusiasts. It was unreal by MassinoBenzi in Italia. It was a straight forward Hardware proto
typing tool. Whereas raspberry sun real by Eben Upon at the University Of Cambridge within
UK for rising the programming Skills of the Students. These teaching tools square measure
appropriate for Beginners, hobbyists . The most distinction between them is Arduino is
microcontroller board whereas raspberry pi could be a Mini pc.. The project received
associate mentioned honourwithin the digital communities at the 2006 Prix Ars Electronica.
FIG 4 : Block Diagram of Automatic Fire Extinquisher
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7.EXPERIMENTAL RESULT
Developed an automatic fire extinguishing system for various containers. The basic purpose
of automatic fire alarm systems is to detect fires at an early stage, notify building occupants
that a fire emergency is occurring, and report the emergency to first responders.
Class A and Class B fire extinguishers are built in a single device that can also extinguish
automatically. By this we can avoid the worse destruction caused by fires due to human
ignorance .
• Every lock is locked to open it, and every problem is to overcome it with a better solution.
• So, the above listed problems can be solved by:
just making it automatic. But till, here we have a new problem that we should come up with
different extinguishers to extinguish different types of fires. So, we came up with a body
which has some sensors that can detect its source and extinguish accordingly.
FUTURE SCOPE
The future scope of the work is to implement equivalent procedure to any or all categories of
fireplaces that ensures the whole answer for accidental fire issues. Many wealth’s and lives
could be saved with the help of this fire extinguisher. It will have a great advantage in
industrial areas where human interference is not possible and the places are fire prone. The
alarm attached to it would immediately allow the user to know that fire has occurred so it will
avoid a large damage to occur. This extinguisher could also be used in the scientific
laboratories for the protection against fire. The SMS system would let the owner of a firm
know about the damages caused by the workers.
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8.CONCLUSION
Our project is main focused on reduce the hazardous situation in fire. In our project we have
made and implement modular design of extinguish fire and reduce hazardous situation during
fire fighting. With use of microcontroller we integrate it and made it simple. Instead of using
a conventional fire extinguisher but along with LM35, smoke sensor and flame sensor, gives
a brilliant effect in public building. And it is also an innovative to use an fire extinguisher that
can spontaneously extinguish the fire without the help of man. Safety is always more
important than property. And also sometimes we will be too frightened to extinguish the fire
spontaneously or sometimes the fire can be large or there may be too smoke where we cannot
conventional extinguisher . But this is not the case in our automatic fire extinguisher In our
daily life, whether it is an industry or domestic, the most common and fatal accidents are
occurred due to fire. This results in both loss of property and human. Fire claim the lives of
the innocent people around the world every single day.
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9.REFERENCES
[1] M.J.A. Khan, M.R. Imam, J. Uddin, and M. Sarkar, "Automatic Fire Extinguishing
Systems for Smoke and Temperature Sensing," 7th International Conference on Electrical and
Computer Engineering (ICECE), 2012, pp. 232-235.
[2] K. Li, R. Huo, J. Ji, and B. Ren, "Experimental Study on the Drag Effects of Sprinkler
Spray on Adjacent Horizontal Natural Flues," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 174, p.
512-521, 2010.
[3] T. Chen, H. Yuan, G. Su and W. Fan, "Automatic Fire Search and Suppression System for
Large Spaces," Fire Safety Journal, vol. 39, pp. 297-307, 2004
[4] McCarthy, Robert E (1992-06-18). Secrets of Hollywood lighting tricks. ISBN 978-0-
240- 80108-7. Retrieved 2010-03-17 – via Google Books.
[5] Conrad, Henry (March 25, 2015). "Two students created a tool that extinguishes fires
with soundwaves". ZME Science. Retrieved quarter day 25, 2015.
[6] Dana, Gorham (1919), Automatic mechanical device protection(second disfunction.),
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. On Feb 28,2008.
[7] JIOA Final Report 41. "German Chemical Fireplace Extinguishers", Joint Intelligence
Objectives Agency, Smith, Carlisle F, Washington DC, October 1945.
[8] Charpentier, Will. "NFPArulesaflame Extinguishers". Home Steady. Leaf Group.
Retrieved 23 June 2018.
[9] Nakumura, Yuji. "Novel Fire Extinguisher Method Using Vacuuming Force Applicable to
Space Habitats". Fire Technology.
[10] "Miscellanea". Manchester Mercury. 26 March 1816. p. 3. [8] "Staffordshire Past Track
– "Petrolex" half gallon fire extinguisher". Archived from the original on 2010-01-22.
Retrieved 2009-05-25.
[11] "Pyrene Fireplace Extinguishers". Vintage Fire Extinguishers. Archived frothe initial on
25 March 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
[12] Nakumura, Yuji. "Novel device Methodology exploitation Vacuuming Force Applicable
to area Habitats". Fireplace Technology. doi:10.1007/s10694-019-00854-4
[13] Arduino Uno, http://arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardUno. [14] Motor shield,
http://www.ladyada.net/make/mshield/ .
[15] Chapman S., Electric Machinery Fundamentals, 2005, McGraw Hill
[16] How servo motors work, http://www.jameco.com/Jameco/workshop/howitworks/how-
servo-motorswork.html?sp_rid=MjkxOTAwODE2NjQS1&sp_mid=4334065 .
[17] Solenoid valve for processing applications, www.omega.com
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