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DIVISION 6. WOOD AND PLASTIC

SECTION 06130

HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and

Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply
to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes framing using timbers[ and round wood poles].

B. Related Sections include the following:

1. Division 6 Section "Rough Carpentry" for dimension lumber items

associated with heavy timber construction.
2. Division 6 Section "Wood Decking" for wood [roof] [and] [floor]
decking.
3. Division 6 Section "Structural Glued-Laminated Timber" for glued-
laminated timber.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Timbers: Lumber of 5 inches nominal (114 mm actual) or greater in

least dimension.

B. Poles: Round wood members, referred to as either poles or posts in the

referenced standards.

C. Inspection agencies, and the abbreviations used to reference them,

include the following:

1. NELMA - Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association.

2. NHLA - National Hardwood Lumber Association.
3. NLGA - National Lumber Grades Authority.
4. SPIB - Southern Pine Inspection Bureau.
5. WCLIB - West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau.

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6. WWPA - Western Wood Products Association.

1.4 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. Structural Performance: Provide heavy timber construction, including

connectors, capable of withstanding structural loads shown on Drawings
without exceeding the allowable design working stresses according to
AITC's "Timber Construction Manual."

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For [timber] [poles] [and] [timber connectors].

1. Include data for wood-preservative treatment from chemical

treatment manufacturer and certification by treating plant that
treated materials comply with requirements. Indicate type of
preservative used, net amount of preservative retained, and
chemical treatment manufacturer's written instructions for handling,
storing, installing, and finishing treated material.
2. Include data for fire-retardant treatment from chemical treatment
manufacturer and certification by treating plant that treated
materials comply with requirements.
3. For products receiving a waterborne treatment, include statement
that moisture content of treated materials was reduced to levels
specified before shipment to Project site.
4. Include installation instructions for timber connectors.

B. Shop Drawings: Show layout of heavy timber construction system, full

dimensions of each member, and details of connections.

1. For installed products indicated to comply with design loads,

include structural analysis data signed and sealed by the qualified
professional engineer responsible for their preparation.

C. Samples: Full width and depth, 24 inches (600 mm) long, showing the
range of variation to be expected in appearance, including surface
texture, of wood products.[ Apply a coat of penetrating sealer to
samples.]

D. Material Certificates: For heavy timber construction specified to comply

with minimum allowable unit stresses. Indicate species and grade
selected for each use and design values approved by the American
Lumber Standards Committee Board of Review.

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E. Certificates of Inspection: Issued by lumber grading agency for exposed

timber not marked with grade stamp.

F. Certificates of Chain-of-Custody: Signed by mill certifying that timber

was obtained from forests certified by a Forest Stewardship Council-
accredited certification body to be in compliance with the Forest
Stewardship Council's FSC 1.2 "Principles and Criteria." Include
evidence that mill is certified for chain-of-custody by a Forest
Stewardship Council-accredited certification body.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Timber Standard: Comply with AITC 108, "Standard for Heavy Timber
Construction."

B. Forest Certification: Provide timber obtained from forests certified by a

Forest Stewardship Council-accredited certification body to be in
compliance with the Forest Stewardship Council's FSC 1.2 "Principles
and Criteria."

1.7 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Schedule delivery of heavy timber construction to avoid extended on-site

storage and to avoid delaying the Work.

B. Store materials under cover and protected from weather and contact
with damp or wet surfaces. Provide for air circulation within and around
stacks and under temporary coverings.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 HEAVY TIMBER, GENERAL

A. General: Comply with DOC PS 20 and grading rules of lumber grading

agencies certified by American Lumber Standards Committee Board of
Review, as applicable.

1. Factory mark each item of timber with grade stamp of grading

agency.
2. For exposed timber indicated to receive a stained or natural finish,
apply grade stamps to surfaces that will not be exposed to view or
omit grade stamps and provide certificates of grade compliance
issued by grading agency.

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B. Preservative Treatment:

1. Pressure treat timber with waterborne preservative to comply with

AWPA C15 requirements for "sawn building poles and posts as
structural members."
2. Pressure treat poles with waterborne preservative to comply with
AWPA C4.
3. Preservative Chemicals: Acceptable to authorities having
jurisdiction and[ one of] the following:

a. Ammoniacal, or amine, copper quat (ACQ).

b. Ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA).
c. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA).

4. Use process that includes water-repellent treatment.

5. Use process that does not include water repellents or other
substances that might interfere with application of indicated
finishes.
6. After treatment, redry [timber] [and] [poles] to 19 percent
maximum moisture content.
7. Application: [Treat all heavy timber construction, unless
otherwise indicated.] [Treat items indicated on the Drawings
and the following:]

a. Sills and similar members in contact with masonry or

concrete.
b. Timber framing members less than 18 inches (460 mm)
above grade.

2.2 TIMBER

A. Timber Species and Grade: Balsam fir, Douglas fir-larch, Douglas fir-
larch (North), eastern hemlock tamarack (North), hem-fir, southern pine,
western hemlock, or western hemlock (North); [Select Structural]
[No. 1] [No. 2], NELMA, NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, or WWPA.

B. Timber Species and Grade: Alaska cedar; [Select Structural] [No. 1]

[No. 2], WCLIB.

C. Timber Species and Grade: Douglas fir-larch or Douglas fir-larch

(North); [Dense Select Structural] [Select Structural] [No. 1 Dense]
[No. 1] [No. 2], NLGA, WCLIB, or WWPA.

D. Timber Species and Grade: Hem-fir or hem-fir (North); [Select

Structural] [No. 1] [No. 2] NLGA, WCLIB, or WWPA.

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E. Timber Species and Grade: Southern pine; [Dense Select Structural]

[Select Structural] [No. 1 Dense] [No. 1] [No. 2 Dense] [No. 2], SPIB.

F. Timber Species and Grade: [Beech-birch-hickory] [Mixed maple]

[Mixed oak] [Northern red oak] [Red maple] [Red oak] [White oak];
[Select Structural] [No. 1] [No. 2], NELMA.

G. Timber Species and Grade: [Mixed hardwoods] [Mixed oak] [Red

oak] [White oak] <Insert species>; [Select Dimension] [Common
Dimension] [Sound Square Edge], NHLA.

H. Timber Species and Grade: Any species and grade that, for moisture
content provided, complies with required structural properties.

1. Allowable Stress Ratings for 12 inches (305 mm) Depth: [Fb 1500
psi (10.3 MPa) and E 1,500,000 psi (10 340 MPa)] [Fb 1300 psi
(9.0 MPa) and E 1,300,000 psi (8 960 MPa)] <Insert values> [As
indicated on Drawings].

I. Moisture Content: Provide timber with 19 percent maximum moisture

content at time of dressing.

J. Moisture Content: Provide timber with 19 percent maximum moisture

content at time of dressing[ or timber that is unseasoned at time of
dressing but with 19 percent maximum moisture content at time of
installation].

K. Dressing: Provide [dressed timber (S4S)] [timber that is rough sawn

(Rgh)], unless otherwise indicated.

L. End Sealer: Manufacturer's standard, transparent, colorless wood

sealer that is effective in retarding the transmission of moisture at cross-
grain cuts and is compatible with indicated finish.

1. Use sealer that meets or exceeds VOC and chemical component

limits of Green Seal requirements.

M. Penetrating Sealer: Manufacturer's standard, transparent, penetrating

wood sealer that is compatible with indicated finish.

1. Use sealer that meets or exceeds VOC and chemical component

limits of Green Seal requirements.

2.3 ROUND WOOD POLES

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A. Round Wood Poles: Clean-peeled wood poles complying with

ASTM D 3200; with at least 80 percent of inner bark removed and with
knots and limbs cut flush with the surface.

B. Species: <Insert species required>.

2.4 TIMBER CONNECTORS

A. General: Unless otherwise indicated, fabricate from the following

materials:

1. Structural-steel shapes, plates, and flat bars complying with

ASTM A 36/A 36M.
2. Round steel bars complying with ASTM A 575, Grade M 1020.
3. Hot-rolled steel sheet complying with ASTM A 1011, Structural
Steel, Type SS, Grade 33.
4. Stainless steel plate and flat bars complying with ASTM A 666,
Type [304] [316].
5. Stainless steel bars and shapes complying with ASTM A 276,
Type [304] [316].
6. Stainless steel sheet complying with ASTM A 666, Type [304]
[316].

B. Fabricate beam seats from [steel] [stainless steel] with [0.239-inch (6-
mm)] [3/16-inch (8-mm)] [3/8-inch (9.5-mm)] bearing plates, 3/4-inch-
(19-mm-) diameter-by-12-inch- (300-mm-) long deformed bar anchors,
and 0.239-inch (6-mm) side plates.

C. Fabricate beam hangers from [steel] [stainless steel] with 0.179-inch

(4.6-mm) stirrups and 0.239-inch (6-mm) top plates.

D. Fabricate strap ties from [steel] [stainless steel], [2-1/2 inches (63
mm) wide by 0.179 inch (4.6 mm)] [3 inches (75 mm) wide by 0.239
inch (6 mm)] thick.

E. Fabricate tie rods from round steel bars with upset threads connected
with forged-steel turnbuckles complying with ASTM A 668/A 668M.

F. Provide bolts, 3/4 inch (19 mm), unless otherwise indicated, complying
with ASTM A 307, Grade A (ASTM F 568M, Property Class 4.6); nuts
complying with ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M); and, where indicated, flat
washers.

G. Provide shear plates, [2-5/8 inches (66.7 mm)] [4 inches (102 mm)] in
diameter, complying with ASTM D 5933.

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H. Finish steel assemblies and fasteners with rust-inhibitive primer, 2-mil

(0.05-mm) dry film thickness.

I. Hot-dip galvanize steel assemblies and fasteners after fabrication to

comply with ASTM A 123/A 123M or ASTM A 153/A 153M.

2.5 FABRICATION

A. Camber: Fabricate horizontal members and inclined members with a

slope of less than 1:1, with natural convex bow (crown) up, to provide
camber.

B. Shop fabricate members by cutting and restoring exposed surfaces to

match specified surfacing. Predrill for fasteners and assembly of units.

1. Finish exposed surfaces to remove planing or surfacing marks and

to provide a finish equivalent to that produced by machine sanding
with No. 120 grit sandpaper.
2. Where preservative treated members are indicated, fabricate
(cutting, drilling, surfacing, and sanding) before treatment to the
greatest extent possible. Where fabrication must be done after
treatment, apply a field-treatment preservative to comply with
AWPA M4.

a. Use inorganic boron treatment for members not in contact

with the ground and continuously protected from liquid water.
b. Use copper naphthenate treatment for members in contact
with the ground or not continuously protected from liquid
water.

C. Seal Coat: After fabricating and surfacing each unit, apply a saturation
coat of penetrating sealer on surfaces of each unit except for treated
wood where the treatment included a water repellent.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION

A. General: Erect heavy timber construction true and plumb. Provide

temporary bracing to maintain lines and levels until permanent
supporting members are in place.

1. Install heavy timber construction to comply with Shop Drawings.

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2. Install horizontal and sloping members with crown edge up and

provide not less than 4 inches (102 mm) of bearing on supports.
Provide continuous members, unless otherwise indicated; tie
together over supports if not continuous.
3. Handle and temporarily support heavy timber construction to
prevent surface damage, compression, and other effects that might
interfere with indicated finish.

B. Framing Built into Masonry: Provide 1/2-inch (13-mm) clearance at tops,

sides, and ends of members built into masonry, bevel cut ends 3 inches
(76 mm), and do not embed more than 4 inches (102 mm), unless
otherwise indicated.

C. Fit members by cutting and restoring exposed surfaces to match

specified surfacing. Predrill for fasteners and assembly of units.

D. Cutting: Avoid extra cutting after fabrication. Where field fitting is

unavoidable, comply with requirements for shop fabrication.

1. Finish exposed surfaces to remove planing or surfacing marks and

to provide a finish equivalent to that produced by machine sanding
with No. 120 grit sandpaper.
2. Coat crosscuts with end sealer.
3. Where preservative-treated members must be cut during erection,
apply a field-treatment preservative to comply with AWPA M4.

a. Use inorganic boron treatment for members not in contact

with the ground and continuously protected from liquid water.
b. Use copper naphthenate treatment for members in contact
with the ground or not continuously protected from liquid
water.

E. Install timber connectors as indicated.

1. Unless otherwise indicated, install bolts with same orientation

within each connection and in similar connections.
2. Install bolts with orientation as indicated or, if not indicated, as
directed by Architect.

3.2 ADJUSTING AND CLEANING

A. Repair damaged surfaces and finishes after completing erection.

Replace damaged heavy timber construction if repairs are not approved
by Architect.

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END OF SECTION 06130

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