State Examination Situations 2021

1. The system of higher education in the USA is organized in the way that it offers a
wealth of opportunities and has a good reputation for academic quality, critical
thinking, innovation, science. What do you know about the system of higher
education in the US? Which of the following are the most important for the higher
educational establishments to be competitive in the field: structure, governance,
faculty, curriculum, budget, facilities? Is it difficult to enter an American
university? What are the admission requirements to colleges and universities in the
USA?

1.After graduating high school (12th grade), U.S. students may go on to college or
university which are considered to be higher education. If one is in pursuit of a bachelor
degree, he or she is to study 4 years to earn it. During the first 2 years, students have to
take up prerequisite courses which will give general knowledge a foundation, and after
that they have to deal with a certain number of courses in the field of their specialty in
order to meet the degree requirements of their major. A “major” is the specific field of
study in which your degree is focused. You will be required to take a certain number of
courses in this field in order to meet the degree requirements of your major. You must
choose your major at the beginning of your third year of school.
The next point students might mull over is the possibility of receiving master’s
degree. This degree is usually mandatory for higher-level positions in library science,
engineering, behavioral health and education. A graduate program is usually a division
of a university or college. To gain admission, you will need to take the GRE (graduate
record examination). Certain master’s programs require specific tests, such as the LSAT
for law school, the GRE or GMAT for business school, and the MCAT for medical
school.The majority of a master’s program is spent in classroom study and a graduate
student must prepare a long research paper called a “master’s thesis” or complete a
“master’s project.”
And the final level is Graduate in Pursuit of a Doctorate Degree. Many graduate
schools consider the attainment of a master’s degree the first step towards earning a PhD
(doctorate). But at other schools, students may prepare directly for a doctorate without
also earning a master’s degree. It may take three years or more to earn a PhD degree.
For international students, it may take as long as five or six years.
For the first two years of the program most doctoral candidates enroll in classes and
seminars. At least another year is spent conducting firsthand research and writing a
thesis or dissertation. This paper must contain views, designs, or research that have not
been previously published.
1. Types of U.S. higher education
- STATE COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY
 A state school is supported and run by a state or local government. Each of the 50
U.S. states operates at least one state university and possibly several state colleges.
Many of these public universities schools have the name of the state, or the actual word
“State” in their names: for example, Washington State University and the University of
Michigan.
-PRIVATE COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY
These schools are privately run as opposed to being run by a branch of the
government. Tuition will usually be higher than state schools. Often, private U.S.
universities and colleges are smaller in size than state schools.
Religiously affiliated universities and colleges are private schools. Nearly all these
schools welcome students of all religions and beliefs. Yet, there are a percentage of
schools that prefer to admit students who hold similar religious beliefs as those in which
the school was founded.
-COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Community colleges are two-year colleges that award an associate’s degrees
(transferable), as well as certifications. There are many types of associate degrees, but
the most important distinguishing factor is whether or not the degree is transferable.
Usually, there will be two primary degree tracks: one for academic transfer and the other
prepares students to enter the workforce straightaway. University transfer degrees are
generally associate of arts or associate of science. Not likely to be transferrable are the
associate of applied science degrees and certificates of completion.
Community college graduates most commonly transfer to four-year colleges or
universities to complete their degree. Because they can transfer the credits they earned
while attending community college, they can complete their bachelor’s degree program
in two or more additional years. Many also offer ESL or intensive English language
programs, which will prepare students for university-level courses.
If you do not plan to earn a higher degree than the associate’s, you should find out if
an associate’s degree will qualify you for a job in your home country.
- INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
An institute of technology is a school that provides at least four years of study in
science and technology. Some have graduate programs, while others offer short-term
courses.
2. I believe that all the factors listed above affect the competitiveness of higher
education institutions, any higher education institution cannot function fully without any
of these elements.
3. If you’ve decided you want to study in the United States next comes the hard part-
the process of getting accepted. It’s not a simple or quick procedure getting into a US
school, but with the right guidance it can certainly make it easier. Therefore, there are
some crucial things to keep in mind:
You should find out the U.S. equivalent of the last level of education you completed
in your home country.
Pay close attention to the admission requirements of each university and college, as
well as individual degree programs, which may have different requirements than the
university.
 Regularly meet with an educational advisor or guidance counselor to make sure you
are meeting the requirements.
Your educational advisor or guidance counselor will be able to advise you on whether
or not you must spend an extra year or two preparing for U.S. university admission. If an
international student entered a U.S. university or college prior to being eligible to attend
university in their own country, some countries’ governments and employers may not
recognize the students’ U.S. education.
4. Just like American students, you will have to submit your academic transcripts as
part of your application for admission to university or college. Academic transcripts are
official copies of your academic work. In the U.S. this includes your “grades” and
“grade point average” (GPA), which are measurements of your academic achievement.
Courses are commonly graded using percentages, which are converted into letter grades.

2. What do you know about the history of American education? What principles are
laid down into the foundation of US higher education? What is(are) a defining
feature (s ) of the US higher education? The country can boast of some higher
educational institutions that are well known all over the world. What are the most
famous American universities? What do you think makes them so prestigious and
attractive to prospective students? Which of them (if any) would you like to be
admitted to and why?

What do you know about the history of American education?

Education in early America was hardly formal. During the colonial period, the Puritans
in what is now Massachusetts required parents to teach their children to read and also
required larger towns to have an elementary school, where children learned reading, writing,
and religion. The children going to school continued primarily to be those from wealthy
families. The first schools in the 13 colonies opened in the 17th century. The Boston Latin
School was the first public school opened in the United States, in 1635. To this day, it
remains the nation’s oldest public school.
What principles are laid down into the foundation of US higher education?
The main principle laid down into the foundation of US higher education is the
development of learning independence and awareness of the importance of studying.
US higher education maintains a learning environment that values the process of learning
as much as the knowledge taught; an environment that encourages independent thinking; and
an environment that elevates members of the community and inspires them to: explore and
adapt to new ideas, accept the constancy of change and cope with it.
What is(are) a defining feature(s ) of the US higher education?
One of the most defining features of the U.S. higher education system is the flexibility it
provides through the number and diversity of institution types it encompasses.
 This diversity offers students options to specialize in a variety of academic disciplines and
even gain employment training.
More than 4,000 accredited institutions make up U.S. higher education in the United
States. Unlike many countries, U.S. higher education institutions are not centrally organized
or managed, but are accredited on a national or regional level by independent accrediting
bodies.
Another great feature is that Am. Universities have a “major” is the specific field of study
in which your degree is focused. For example, if someone’s major is journalism, they will
earn a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism. You will be required to take a certain number of
courses in this field in order to meet the degree requirements of your major.
Apart from it, you can change your major multiple times if you choose. It is extremely
common for American students to switch majors at some point in their undergraduate studies.
Often, students discover a different field that they enjoy. The American education system is
very flexible.

The country can boast of some higher educational institutions that are well known all
over the world. What are the most famous American universities?
The most famous American universities are Columbia University, Princeton University,
Stanford University, Yale University and University of Michigan.
What do you think makes them so prestigious and attractive to prospective students?
Over the past few years, the U.S. has dominated the globe in being the most popular
university destination for students from all over the world.
First of all, American universities are bastions of cultural diversity. Nearly every university
in the U.S. takes to be one of their defining pillars. For example, Yale university welcomes
the largest international community in its history, with a current enrollment of 2,581
international students from 118 countries.
Besides, after graduating US un. students can easier build their career. Students from
University of Columbia report enjoying their time at the university, and say that it leads to
many career opportunities at some of the world’s biggest companies.
Studying abroad in America provides an ideal environment for students, characterized by
flexible methods of education and continuous development process for students in the various
fields of studies. For example, in Princeton University there are 36 majors. These majors span
a variety of fields, from anthropology and literature to science and engineering.
Which of them (if any) would you like to be admitted to and why?
If I had such an opportunity I would be glad to be admitted to Stanford University and learn
English and German there. Stanford University is famous for its dynamic environment in
which every student has an opportunity to thrive. In addition, the university motivates
students to connect with others all over the planet it helps to break down boundaries.
Speaking about student life, Stanford University dorms are equipped with everything a
student needs to lead a comfortable life. Besides, tons of interesting events also happen on
campus, so finding what to do won’t be a problem.And of course the location is marvelous. It
is located in located in Stanford, California, in the heart of Silicon Valley.
3. Many foreigners choose the US universities not only because of their prestige, but
because of their educational process' flexibility and the ability to meet the
prospective and current students’ needs. What do you know about the history and
academic culture of American higher education? Which peculiarities of the higher
education (accreditation, testing, funding, grants, independence, flexibility) in the
USA would you like to implement in Ukraine? Does your university provide an
opportunity to become a student at an American university?

Many foreigners choose the US universities not only because of their prestige, but
because of their educational process' flexibility and ability to meet the prospective
and current students’ needs.
The US is home to hundreds of other prestigious universities and colleges. No matter in
which state of the US you wish to study, you will have plenty of amazing choices to
upgrade your education. The strong reputation of US universities will immediately
transform you into an attractive candidate for future employers. Every young student has
dreamed at least once about living in the US as the American Higher Education System has
been implemented around the world at some of the best and most successful institutions on
the planet. It offers a wealth of opportunities and has a good reputation for academic
quality, critical thinking, innovation, science. But many foreigners choose the US
universities not only because of their prestige, but because of their educational procss'
flexibility and the ability to meet the prospective and current students’ needs.
What do you know about the history and academic culture of American higher
education?
Not long after European settlers began to arrive in what would become the United States,
the first institutions of higher education were founded. These were collectively known as
the colonial colleges. The first colonial college wasHarvard College, founded in 1636 in
Cambridge, Massachusetts. Harvard College is now known as Harvard University and is
one of the most famous colleges in the world.
The higher education system in the United States is very different from the systems
found in many other countries and cultures. One of the most unique characteristics of higher
education in the United States is its decentralized structure. Unlike many other countries,
there is no national system of higher education in the U.S. The system is decentralized in
that college and universities are locally governed or organized and governed within
individual state systems.
The system of higher education in the United States comprises three categories Of
institutions: 1) the university, which may contain a) several colleges for undergraduate
students seeking a bachelor's (four-year) degree and b) one or more graduate schools for
those continuing in specialized studies beyond the bachelor's degree to obtain a master's or a
doctoral degree, 2) the technical training institutions at which high school graduates may
take courses ranging from six months to four years in duration and learn a wide variety of
technical skills, 3) the two-year, or community college, from which students may enter
many professions or may transfer to four-year colleges. Any of these institutions, in any
category, might be either public or private, depending on the source of its funding. The
factors determining whether an institution is one of the best or one of the lower prestige are
 quality of the teaching faculty; quality of research, facilities; amount of funding available
for libraries, special programs, etc.;
Which peculiarities of the higher education (accreditation, testing, funding, grants,
independence, flexibility) in the USA would you like to implement in Ukraine?
In Ukraine we don't have an educational advisor, who advises students on whether or not
they must spend an extra year or two preparing for U.S. university admission or make them
sure that they are meeting all the requirements. What is more, we don't have the
opportunity of changing our major, which is a specific field of study, multiple times. Thus,
I would like to implement these peculiarities of the higher educational process into the
Ukrainian one.

Does your university provide you with an opportunity to become a student of an

American university?
Our university provides students with opportunities to study abroad. The
cooperation with Southeast Missouri State University allows students to become a part of US
students society and get a TESOL certificate.

4. Many young Americans choose the teaching career. Which educational

establishments can provide the teacher training? Highlight the main differences
and similarities between the teacher training process in Ukraine and in the USA.
Which elements would you like to implement into the teacher preparation in
Ukraine and why? Which elements of teacher-training in Ukraine do you think to
be successful? What makes a good teacher regardless of the country of residence?
Many young Americans choose the teaching career. Which educational establishments can
provide the teacher training? Nowadays more and more young Americans are willing to
choose the teaching career. There are numerous establishments that can provide teacher
training. I would like to highlight the most popular such as Iowa |ˈaɪəwə| University,
Michigan University, Columbia University, Stanford University and Harvard University.

Highlight the main differences and similarities between the teacher training process in
Ukraine and in the USA. If to speak about the main differences and similarities between the
teacher training process in Ukraine and in the USA, it’s essential to mention that in order to
teach elementary grades in USA all states require a bachelor's degree as the minimum
preparation for teaching in the secondary schools and just 3 states and the District of
Columbia require five years or a master's degree.
There are many public and private colleges and universities in the US which are
approved and accredited for teacher education. At the undergraduate level, the typical teacher
education program is four or five years in length.
It comprises a combination of traditional academic subjects and professional courses
such as methods of teaching and educational psychology. Practice-teaching for four or six
months, either in the college laboratory school or in a public school system, is often included.
In order to work as a teacher in Ukraine you need to graduate a pedagogical college or
a lyceum |laɪˈsiːəm| for teaching at primary school. To teach at high school you need to
graduate a pedagogical university. As well as in the USA the typical teacher education
program is four or five years in length.

Which elements would you like to implement into the teacher preparation in Ukraine and
why? Generally, I assume that Ukrainian educational establishments provide a great teacher
preparation, they also implement the best experience of foreign colleagues. But there is
always a way to improvement and I believe it would be useful if the practice-teaching lasted
longer. Sometimes summer practice in the camp and one month at school practice isn’t
enough to gain real practical skills.

Which elements of teacher-training in Ukraine do you think to be successful? I assume that

such an element as the teaching training structure is successful, because it has a professional
orientation and aims to train future teachers as mediators between socio-personal
development and learning as well as to form citizens capable of making decisions,
autonomous and critical within society. Teacher training institutions aim to train teachers not
only to resolve educational situations, but also to become professionals in reflection, problem
solving, research and innovation, who may contribute to future generations of students to be
better prepared in order to meet the challenges that they will undoubtedly have to face.

What makes a good teacher regardless of the country of residence? Regardless of the country
of residence a good teacher is a person who work tirelessly to create a challenging, nurturing |
ˈnɜːtʃərɪŋ| but a welcoming environment for their students. A great teacher is warm,
accessible, enthusiastic and caring. If this teacher is having a bad day, no one ever knows—
the teacher leaves personal baggage outside the school doors. A real teacher has his own love
of learning and inspires students with his passion for education and for the course material.
He constantly renews himself as a professional and provides students with the highest quality
of education possible. This teacher has no fear of learning new teaching strategies or
incorporating new technologies into lessons.

5. The US court system has its own structure and peculiarities. Why is it called
"dual"? What does it administer? What is the structure of the federal court
system? What is the structure of the state court system? Which cases are under the
jurisdiction of the federal law? In your opinion, does the division into the federal
and state systems meet the needs of the US society and facilitate the judicial system
in general?

Why is it called "dual"? The judicial system in the United States is dual: it consists of the
federal court system and the state. In the United States each state is served by the separate
court systems, state and federal. Both systems are organized into three basic levels of courts
— trial courts, intermediate courts of appeal and a high court, or Supreme Court.
What does it administer? The state courts are concerned essentially with cases arising under
state law, and the federal courts with cases arising under federal law. The federal court
structure is similar to the structure of the state court system. The trial courts in the federal
system are the United States district courts. The United States courts of appeal are
intermediate courts of appeal between the district courts and the United States Supreme
Court.
What is the structure of the state court system?
Trial courts bear the main burden in the administration of justice. Cases begin there and in
most instances are finally resolved there. The trial courts in each state include: common
pleas courts, which have general civil and criminal jurisdiction and smaller in importance
municipal courts, county courts and mayors' courts.
The common pleas court is the most important of the trial courts. It is the court of general
jurisdiction — almost any civil or criminal case, serious or minor, may first be brought
there. In criminal matters, the common pleas courts have exclusive jurisdiction over felonies
(a felony is a serious crime for which the penalty is a penitentiary term or death). In civil
matters it has exclusive jurisdiction in probate, domestic relations and juvenile matters. The
probate division deals with wills and the administration of estates, adoptions, guardianships.
It grants marriage licenses to perform marriages. The domestic division deals with divorce,
alimony, child custody.
The juvenile division has jurisdiction over delinquent, unruly or neglected children and
over adults, who neglect, abuse or contribute to the delinquency of children. When a
juvenile (any person under 18) is accused of an offence, whether serious, or minor, the
juvenile division has exclusive jurisdiction over the case. The main job of courts of appeal
is to review cases appealled from trial courts to determine if the law was correctly
interpreted and applied. The supreme court of each state is primarily a court of appeal and
the court of last resort.
The US Supreme Court is the highest court in the nation and the court of last resort. It
consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices, all of whom are appointed for life by
the President with the Advice and Consent of the Senate. The duty of the Supreme Court is
to decide whether laws passed by Congress agree with the Constitution. The great legal
issues facing the Supreme Court at present are Government involvement with religion,
abortion and privacy rights, race and sex discrimination.
What is the structure of the federal court system? The federal court system is divided
into three levels of courts: District Courts, Courts of Appeals, and the Supreme Court.
The United States is divided into ninety four federal judicial districts, and each district has
a U.S. District Court, which is basically a federal trial court, as well as a U.S. bankruptcy
court.

Which cases are under the jurisdiction of the federal law?

· Cases that deal with the constitutionality of a law;
· Cases involving the laws and treaties of the U.S.;
· Cases involving ambassadors and public ministers;
· Disputes between two or more states;
· Admiralty law;
· Bankruptcy; and Habeas corpus issues.

In your opinion, does the division into the federal and state systems meet the needs of the
US society and facilitate the judicial system in general?
 I believe that the division meets the needs of the US society as far as it creates a federal
system of government in which power is shared between the federal government and the
state governments. Due to federalism, both the federal government and each of the state
governments have their own court systems.

6. Common pleas courts perform a lot of functions. What is their main jurisdiction?
Which divisions do common pleas courts comprise? Criminal case procedure in the
US has its stages and structure. Who are the participants of the legal case? How
does the legal criminal process start?

Trial courts bear the main burden in the administration of justice. Cases begin there
and in most instances are finally resolved there. The trial courts in each state include: common
pleas courts, which have general civil and criminal jurisdiction and smaller in importance
municipal courts, county courts and mayors' courts.
The common pleas court is the most important of the trial courts. It is the court of
general jurisdiction almost any civil or criminal case, serious or minor, may first be
brought there. In criminal matters, the common pleas courts have exclusive jurisdiction
over felonies (a felony is a serious crime for which the penalty is a penitentiary term or death).
In civil matters it has exclusive jurisdiction in probate, domestic relations and juvenile
matters. The probate division deals with wills and the administration of estates, adoptions,
guardianships. It grants marriage licenses to perform marriages. The domestic division deals
with divorce, alimony, child custody. The juvenile division has jurisdiction over delinquent,
unruly or neglected children and over adults, who neglect, abuse or contribute to the
delinquency of children. When a juvenile (any person under 18) is accused of an offence,
whether serious, or minor, the juvenile division has exclusive jurisdiction over the case.
Criminal case procedure in the US has its stages and structure. Who are the
participants of the legal case? How does the legal criminal process start?
A criminal case begins when a person goes to court and files a complaint that another person
has committed an offence. This is followed by issuing either an arrest warrant or a summons. A
criminal case is started when an indictment is returned by a grand jury before anything else
happens in the case. Indictments most often are felony accusations against persons, who have
been arrested and referred to the grand jury. After an accused is indicted, he is brought into court
and is told the nature of the charge against him and can plead guilty, which is the admission that
he committed crime and can be sentenced without a trial. He can plead guilty and be tried.
As a general rule the parties to civil suits and defendant criminal cases are entitled to "trial by
jury of 12 jurors. But a jury is not provided unless it is demanded in writing in advance of the
trial; in this case a civil or a criminal case is judged alone, greater criminal cases are tried to a
three-judge panel.
In trial by the jury the attorneys for each party make their opening statements. The
prosecution presents its evidence based on the criminal investigation of the case.

+The attorney for the defense pleads the case of the accused, examines his witnesses and
cross-examines the witnesses for the prosecution. Both, the prosecution and the defense, try to
convince the jury. When all the evidence is in, the attorneys make their closing arguments to the
jury with the prosecutor going first. Both attorneys try to show the evidence in the most
favourable light for their sides. But if one of them uses improper material in his final argument
the opponent may object, the objection may be ruled out by the judge who will instruct the jury
to disregard what was said or may be sustained. After this the judge proceeds to instruct the jury
on its duty and the jury retires to the jury room to consider the verdict. In civil cases at least
three-fourths of the jurors must agree on the verdict. In a criminal case there must not be any
reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the accused, the verdict must be unanimous. The next stage is
for the judge to decide, in case of a verdict of guilty, what sentence to impose on the convict.

7. Many crimes are committed in the USA every day. What are the commonest
crimes? Which crimes can be considered the gravest? Which measures could
eliminate the crime rate? Do you agree with the idea that the stricter the
punishment is, the healthier the society is? If not, why? What is your attitude
towards the capital punishment/death penalty?

What are the commonest crimes?

Contrary to what most people think, property crimes are by far the most reported crimes in
the United States, not violent crimes; property crimes are about ten times more prevalent than
violent crimes. By far the most common form of property crime was theft, followed by
burglary and motor vehicle theft. Among violent crimes, aggravated assault was the most
common offense, followed by robbery, rape, and murder/non-negligent manslaughter.
Which crimes are considered to be the gravest?
Crimes against humanity refer to specific crimes committed in the context of a large-
scale attack targeting civilians, regardless of their nationality. These crimes include murder,
torture, sexual violence, enslavement, persecution, enforced disappearance, etc. Unlike
war crimes, crime against humanity can also be committed in peacetime, and contrary to
genocide, they are not necessarily committed against a specific national, ethnical, racial or
religious group.
Which measures could eliminate the crime rate?
It can never be eliminated.
The best we can hope to achieve is a fuller understanding of its causes and consequences,
a reduction in criminal opportunities, and a proportionate response to lawbreakers.
There are a range of situational crime prevention strategies that can be used to reduce the
opportunities for crime. These include:
Increasing formal surveillance using electronic alarms, private security patrols or
neighbourhood watch;
Increasing natural surveillance by removing obstacles to line of sight or improving street
lighting;
Increasing access or exit controls;
 Concealing or removing targets (such as lightweight, high value goods that tend to be easy
to steal: jewellery; cash; IPods; mobile phones);
Erecting or strengthening physical barriers such as window locks, double-pane glass,
which is both more difficult and noisier to break, and deadbolt locks on doors;
Restricting access to the tools of crime (such as spray paints);
Reducing provocation.

Або це що нижче

1. Use and expand drug courts. It is found that people who took part in drug courts had lower
relapse rates and committed fewer additional crimes, such as selling drugs and driving while
intoxicate
2. Help ex-offenders find secure living-wage employment. Securing a well-paying job can
help returning prisoners remain crime-free once they go back to their communities.
3. Monitor public surveillance cameras. Cameras are most effective when there are a
sufficient number of them and they are monitored by trained staff.
4. Connect returning prisoners to stable housing. Released prisoners who were connected to
housing services were 60 percent less likely to return to prison.
Do you agree with the idea that the stricter the punishment is, the healthier the society is?
If not, why?
I consider adopting stricter punishment is not necessary to reduce criminal rates. This can
lead criminals re-offend after they are released. So I believe rehabilitation can help offenders
become better citizens. The aim of prison is rehabilitation, so prisoner can learn personal
skills and specific job skills, which can do them favors to find jobs, and they are less likely to
re-offend and can enjoy a normal life.
What is your attitude towards the capital punishment/death penalty?
The death penalty violates the most fundamental human right – the right to life. It is the
ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment.
The death penalty is discriminatory. It is often used against the most vulnerable in society,
including the poor, ethnic and religious minorities, and people with mental disabilities. Some
governments use it to silence their op ocent person is ever present.
When the death penalty is carried out, it is final. Mistakes that are made cannot be
unmade. An innocent person may be released from prison for a crime they did not commit,
but an execution can never be reversed.

8. Books are an essential part of every educated person's life. Do you agree with the
words: “Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the
necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it
irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become.” (Lewis). What does
literature add to our life? Which reasons make reading important? In your
opinion, which book/writer is really absorbing? Which genres are your favorite?
Explain why.
 This adage [ˈæd.ɪdʒ] is perhaps the most appropriate description of the importance of
literature in our lives. Literature reminds us of stories, epics [ˈep.ɪk], sacred scriptures, and
classical works of the old and modern times. As stated in the quote by C.S. Lewis, literature
not only describes reality but also adds to it. Literary works are portrayals of the thinking
patterns and social norms prevalent in society. They are a depiction of the different facets
[ˈfæs.ɪt] of common man's life. Literary works serve as a food for thought and encourage
imagination and creativity. Exposing oneself to good literary works, is equivalent to
providing one with the finest of educational opportunities. On the other hand, the lack of
exposure[ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒər] to good literature is equal to depriving[dɪˈpraɪv] oneself from the
opportunity to grow.
What does literature add to our life?
[ˈbrɔː.dən] [həˈraɪ.zən]Everything you read fills your head with new bits of information,
and you never know when it might come in handy. The more knowledge you have, the better-
equipped you are to tackle any challenge you’ll ever face.In addition to the relaxation that
accompanies reading a good book, it’s possible that the subject you read about can bring
about immense inner peace and tranquility.
Have a good time over a book
Which reasons make reading important?
To begin with, reading expands our vocabulary.The more we read, the more words we
gain and they’ll inevitably make their way into your everyday vocabulary.Reading books is
also vital for learning new languages, as non-native speakers gain words used in context,
which will improve their own speaking and writing fluency.Besides, reading is the good
means of stress reduction. No matter how much stress we have in daily life, it all just slips
away when we lose ourselves in a great story. Also reading improves Analytical Thinking
Skills when we read an amazing mystery novel, and try to solve the mystery ourselves before
finishing the book. It means we pay attention to all the details provided and sort them out to
determine “whodunit”. In addition to it we can improve our focus and concentration. When
we read a book, all of our attention is focused on the story and we do not notice other
distracting things. The most important thing is that we gain knowledge from reading books.
Everything we read fills our head with new bits of information, and we never know when it
might come in handy. The more knowledge we have, the better-equipped we are to tackle any
challenge we’ll ever face.
In your opinion, which book/writer is really absorbing?
In my opinion, Ray Bradbury /ˌreɪ ˈbrædbəri/ is really absorbing.
To open the pages of a Ray Bradbury novel is to dive into a peculiar mix of the
supernatural[ˌsuː.pəˈnætʃ.ər.əl], bizarre [bɪˈzɑːr], and fantastic elements. His novel
“Fahrenheit 451”/ˈfærənhaɪt/is really captivating. The novel is about books which are
forbidden and most people spend their lives in front of television screens. The firefighters are
ordered by the state to burn down outlawed [ˈaʊt.lɔː] books, which are hunted for promoting
free thinking, and work tirelessly at their [ˈtaɪə.ləs] job. The protagonist[prəˈtæɡ.ən.ɪst] of the
story conforms to the rules. That is, until he encounters a girl, who reawakens [riːəˈweɪkən]
his mind to the world around him. The plot is unpredictable, the characters are gripping,
descriptions are so detailed and all that combination makes this book unput-downable.
“ˌʌnpʊtˈdaʊnəbl/
 Which genres are your favorite? На вибір декілька
I believe it is important to have read something in most genres because they stimulate
different parts of the brain. Fiction (let’s say general fiction, but most fiction will do) is
incredibly helpful in learning empathy. Science fiction and fantasy requires world building
and learning new rules and engages creativity. Humor I think is rather obvious, and romance
also generates feel good emotions (there’s usually a happy ending although I find this genre
to have the most consistent plot devices and tropes). Cozy mysteries do just that, but they
probably aren’t the most beneficial option. And the classics should be read but mostly to have
that base understanding of what our modern literature is influenced by (some of that writing
is timeless, though).

My favourite genres are detective stories, science fiction and adventure. While reading
detective stories I am absorbed in the novel and the events are so tense that it is impossible to
stop reading even for a minute. I adore science fiction as well because it reveals important
themes through fascinating and exciting plots. What is more, it really gives food for thought.
Adventure stories expand my knowledge about different parts of the world and how people
leave there.
I’m an incessant reader: I more or less always have a book at hand—sometimes more
than one. My favorite genre is mysteries, particularly British and Scandinavian novels: I love
a twisty plot and tend to pit my wits against the fictional sleuth to see whether I can figure out
the solution before s/he does
I read a lot of other fiction (novels and short stories) and a fair amount of non-fiction as
well—history, biographies, and humor (from Wodehouse to Dave Barry); classic horror and
true crime, although in the latter genre I prefer the who-dunnit-and-how-they-were-(or
weren’t)-caught to those that focus on gore.

9. Who is/are your favorite writer/writers? What do you know about his/her
biography and literary output? Which book(s) of this(these) writer(s) do you
consider the most appealing? Do you agree with an idea that the preferences of
readers change with time? What has formed your reading habits?
A name often associated with a legendary series. A woman always known as the very
symbol of the love of literature. An author who will live forever through words and stories as
the writer who changed the lives of many. This is Joanne Kathleen Rowling, a woman who
changed my life. It goes without saying, her large impact reached me; an avid reader who
found her miraculous series through recommendation. Joanne Rowling – the girl who grew
up to write Harry Potter. Joanne grew up surrounded by books as her mum and dad loved
reading – she says, ‘I lived for books … I was your basic common-or-garden bookworm,
complete with freckles and National Health spectacles.’ From an early age Joanne wanted to
be a writer. She wrote her first book at the age of six – a story about a rabbit called Rabbit.
Then when she was eleven she wrote a novel about seven cursed diamonds and the people
who owned them. However, she became enormously famous during releasing all seven books
about Harry Potter.
 One book that will always be my favourite is Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets by
J.K. Rowling. It is one of the most intriguing reads of my life.
It’s a fantasy story set in Hogwarts School., England. This is an adventure story with a
deep message.
The main character of the story is a boy called Harry Potter who becomes an orphan very
early. He goes through wonderful adventures together with his friends. Harry is a model of a
character full of courage and always ready to cope with all the difficulties.
Harry Potter includes the main human problems - relationships, friendship, bravery and
hope. The book teaches us to respect our teachers and the older generation. That’s why it is a
remarkable display of the power of literature.
It is well written and the language is vivid, the interesting and gripping adventures will
hold you in suspense to the very last page. The book offers a wealth of thought - provoking
reading.
I remember that fantastic time when my mother was reading me Gulliver's Travels by
Jonathan Swift or Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe. I was completely absorbed in these
fascinating adventure stories as I couldn’t even imagine such a gripping plot when I was 6
y.o. These books formed my reading habit early in life.
I believe that reading preferences definitely change during our life as we learn to analyze
the text and try to find something more profound than we got used to read in childhood. We
change our environment when we enter the university, go to work or some clubs so lots of
factors influence our choice of a book or even a genre.

---------------- + альтернатива

When I was a teenager I was primarily interested in fiction and had a strong preference for
fantasy books. (Harry Potter , anybody?)I still enjoy reading fantasy stories and lots of other
types of fiction, but I’ve found myself drawn more to nonfiction these days.

Many of the nonfiction books I pick up are short modern stories that have an exciting thrill to
them,and English and German books that help me be on top of my game (I need all the help I
can get!), and books about finding balance. I wear many hats, so I crave a solution on how to
balance everything just right. Since I haven’t found the perfect solution in a book, I find
solace in reading about others who are just doing the best they can–working hard each day.

My fiction reading has taken a turn toward the realistic. I still love a great fantasy, but I’m
more likely to pick up a women’s fiction or a historical romance.

Raymond Carver | Biography

Raymond Carver, born in Clatskanie, Oregon, wrote about the people he knew best—the
working poor. He grew up in a logging(cutting wood) town, where his father was a sawmill
worker.
Carver published short stories in magazines even before he earned his Bachelor of Arts
degree .As a young writer, Raymond Carver wrote short pieces he could sell to literary
magazines in order to provide a more constant source of income. Carver was a
perfectionist, though, and would rework his stories and poems many times before sending
them off. He was known to produce from 10 to 30 drafts of a story before he was satisfied
with it.

He published poems and short stories while working full time as a textbook editor. After he
lost his textbook editor job in 1970, Carver began to write full time. He also began to drink
heavily, which took a toll on his marriage and on his health. He was hospitalized four times
in the 1970s for alcoholism.

In spite of his addiction, in 1976 he published his first short story collection, Will You Please
Be Quiet, Please? to great critical acclaim. Raymond Carver is often called the father of the
minimalist short story, a genre characterized by sparseness(the fact of being small) or
simplicity.

One of his short stories we took up in our home reading classes had inevitably become my
personal favorite.

The cathedral was written during the state of an economic slump, with high rates of
unemployment and inflation. It was an era of disillusionment and confusion, as people
questioned their ability to achieve the "American Dream." "Cathedral," in fact, goes so far as
to question the value of this "American Dream" as a goal. I was obsessed with this concept
for many years too, but now I’ve come of age, taken off a pair of rose-colored glasses and
acquainted myself with this story, I realized that there’s no such land of opportunities if you
don’t create them for yourself. Now back to the story, While the narrator and his wife have a
home and work, they are emotionally isolated from each other in an unfulfilling marriage.

Communication choices included the telephone, the mail, or face-to-face conversation. Yet,
as "Cathedral" shows, the human disconnection that has ensued from the advancement of
technology in recent years is not a new phenomenon. Robert and the narrator's wife maintain
an intimate connection via the mail, but the narrator and his wife are isolated from each other
in daily face-to-face conversation.

I think the preferences of readers change all the time because you’re probably in a different
place in your life now than you were ten years ago and your needs that you want fulfilled
through your reading are different because of it.

I love reading articles, and while I don’t follow a lot of blogs, I read and relish in blog posts
that venerable figures share on social media. I could spend all day reading them. There are so
many wonderful voices out there.
 10. Both e-books and printed books have their proponents and opponents.
Which books do you prefer to read, e-books or printed ones? Point out the
advantages and disadvantages of both kinds. What do you think about the
Internet as a source of information? How does the Internet affect reading?
Will printed books be still popular in the future? Which type of reading do
you prefer?
Both e-books and printed books have their proponents and opponents. Which books do
you prefer to read, e-books or printed ones?
Point out the advantages and disadvantages of both kinds.
Books play a significant role in our life. For most people, nothing beats the feeling you get
when you cozy up on your couch with a book in hand. A good book can transport you into a
world you didn’t know existed. As the quote goes, “you open a book, you open a new world.”
There are several genres of books ranging from educational, thrillers, motivational; the list
goes on. Point is, almost all books are nowadays available not only in printed version, but
online as well and Sometimes it becomes difficult to decide between the ebooks and printed
books. Let’s have a look at pros and cons of both types.

Let’s start with the e-version of book. The first positive side of such books is that it is easy to
carry. Since it is a smartphone or a tablet, it can easily slip into your pockets. You don’t need
to carry them in your hands often like physical books. In addition to that, their number are
unlimited which is another advantage, because If you own a smartphone or tab, you can store
several eBooks in your device and have a whole library at your fingertips. Also if you are
connected to the Internet then you can get access to various novels according to your desire.
What is more, you can such books in night without even disturbing other people. And last,
but not least is that e-books are Eco-Friendly – You don’t affect the environment while
reading an eBook. No trees are destroyed to print the eBooks and you also save a lot of ink
which eventually affects the environment.

However, there are some disadvantages, first of all, it is Availability – Not every book has
got an eBook version. It can be a difficult task to find an eBook for that not so famous book.
And, in case you find one, it will cost you a lot for sure. Moreover, This one of the biggest
con of reading eBooks is Eye-strain. Since, you will be constantly staring at the screen of the
device, it will strain your eyes, resulting in red-eyes or itchiness in eyes and, of course,
Battery Issue – An eBook reader needs a battery to run which can discharge anytime.

Moving to the printed books, the first pros of them is the amusement of feeling the book on
hands. Here is just something about print books that e-book can’t compete with, the way the
spine cracks the fist time it’s open, the way the pages feel in your hands, the rich scent of
paper, the way they wear over time and gain character. Moreover, printed books are cheap.
You can always get second hand good quality books at almost half the price of the original
books. In addition, printed books are flexible in annotating. You can use pencils and pens of
different colors to highlight, use symbols, drawings. Although there also some disadvantages
of such books. They are heavy and big in size. You can only carry a book or two in your
hands and you will need a bag to carry more books which is not a good option. Also, You
can’t read a book in a tunnel or a night without a light source, while an eBook can be read at
any time of the day, same is not possible with a book. There is no doubt in the fact that some
debates like these are endless. Nothing matters unless and until you are enjoying the reading
part.

What do you think about the Internet as a source of information?

It depends. If you access a webpage of a professional organisation with accreditation, for
example a government department, a national charity, a professional society, a university, or
a learned journal then I think you can have a fair expectation that the information you see
should be accurate – with the caveat that a scientist will generally question everything
though.
If you access a homepage, Wikipedia, or newspapers then that level of expectation should
diminish slightly.
Impact of Internet on Reading Habit
The internet has changed the world in an incalculable number of ways. It has changed the
way people communicate, the way business is done, and the way information is shared and
received.
The internet has also had a great effect on people’s reading habits, as it has changed the way
people expect to receive both information and entertainment.
Nearly everyone who uses the internet has learned to process information quickly and to
expect information in a concise, easy to digest format.
Reading habits have shifted as those who write for publications such as newspapers
and magazines have changed some of their formatting to compete with this new, concise
manner of writing. People no longer read long, informational articles and essays, but
may simply skim through to find the pertinent information or the information that is most
appealing to them. Thus The shift in reading habits has been caused by the internet
The internet is a wonderful resource for many things, and it has allowed people all over the
world to become more connected to each other. However, with its rapid speed,
mentality of instant gratification, and its unique format, the internet has a detrimental effect
on the reading
habits of an entire generation. The generation that grew up with the internet has an attention
span that is conditioned to eschew(avoid) any work of writing that requires a close, analytical
read, or a long investment of time.

11. Following the rise to prominence of electronic book technology, which software and
apps have become popular and why? What are the advantages and disadvantages of e-
reading? Do you agree or disagree that e-books effectively support an academic mission
by saving time regarding “searchability” and a 24-hour availability a day? Share your
 opinion of the influence of e-books on reading comprehension, eye-fatigue and
perception.

Following the rise to prominence of electronic book technology, which software and
apps have become popular and why?
E-books are gaining wider interest since the introduction of portable electronic
reading devices and software-based readers. As a matter of fact, the emergence of the e-book
has resulted in many companies manufacturing electronic reading devices used for
displaying, reading and storing electronic information. NuvoMedia Inc., SoftBook Press Inc.,
EveryBook Inc. and Sony are examples of manufacturers of such devices. They have a
number of advantages.
· they incorporate features such as interactive dictionaries, bookmarking, instant
searching, note taking and cross referencing;
· the back-lit display and font size can be adjusted to improve readability.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of e-reading?
Advantages
As I formed a reading habit early in life I always wanted to have an EBook, so now I
have got it but I don’t read it often. However, I have already noticed its adv and disadv.
Carrying your phone or tablet can be much easier than carrying a book around,
especially if you are reading a big novel. You can’t carry hundreds of books in your bag, but
you can carry as many eBooks as your memory on your device allows. A lot of books in the
Kindle store are completely free, usually by new and upcoming authors looking to get their
name out there. You can change the font size specifically for you.
Disadvantages
I should say that it costs a lot, so this factor should be taken into consideration.
Sometimes I was so absorbed in a story that I didn’t notice that my EBook was going to run
out. That is why you should be attentive to this factor.
For many avid readers, spending hours in a bookshop with the smell of new books and
having a book in your hand is the best way to read and there will be no changing that. If you
are part of a book club or enjoy swapping books between your friends, this cannot be done
with an eBook. What is more, this device is still too expensive for the average person to buy.
Do you agree or disagree that e-books effectively support an academic mission by
saving time regarding “searchability” and a 24-hour availability a day?
Yes, I definitely agree with this statement as E-book readers can find specific content
more easily, faster and more efficiently than in a paper book. By enabling individuals to find
information and to determine whether a book’s content is appropriate without having to make
a trip to the library, an e-book’s time-saving benefits are clear.
Share your opinion of the influence of e-books on reading comprehension, eye-
fatigue and perception.
Reading from the devices is reported to cause more eye strain and glare. Human eyes
may suffer physical injury from a reading environment that is not optimized for their benefit.
Visual fatigue is significantly higher when reading texts on a screen than on paper.
In general, readers tended to feel disoriented when they read texts on screen. There are
difficulties with reading from a screen, navigation issues, and problems related to locating
materials and searching in general with e-book, but over time there is almost no difference.
Hence, it doesn’t influence comprehension of the material only personal preference matters.
An e-book is even more convenient because you can highlight important points in the text.
12. It is quite an appealing thing to marry the person you love. The couples in love are
supposed to be happy in marriage, yet, often such marriages are overwhelmed with
problems and difficulties. Many think that young families face problems due to the
lack of maturity. Do you agree with this idea? What are the other most common
problems that may split the young family?

Many of us might get fascinated with the idea of marrying the person we love as early as
possible, so that we can have more time to spend with each other. Although it is quite an
appealing deal to get married to the person you love, but marrying young may also bring with
itself a set problems and difficulties.
Couples who are very young might face problems due to the lack of maturity to deal with
tough situations. Maturity, which comes with age and experience, is very important for a
healthy relationship.
Money matters can strain the strongest of bonds as partners have to spend on paying off
house rents, bills and other major and minor household expenses. In addition, this is the age
when people rarely think of savings, and tend to spend more on things like travelling,
shopping, dining out etc.
When you marry at a young age, most of the time, you aren’t that responsible towards
home and the spouse. As you are not ready for all the responsibilities, it often leads to fights
and tension between the couple.
Perhaps the biggest predictor of marriage problems is poor communication or negative
communication that belies damaging attitudes and dynamics within the relationship.
Feeling restricted can be majorly an issue with those couples who have separate friend
circles, or even where either of the partners is a social butterfly and the other one is totally
opposite. At young age, most of the people wish to party hard every day with the friends.
However, if marriage creates restrictions in a person's social life then there are possibilities of
tensions to occur between the couple.
Sometimes, even the decisions pertaining to having children may also become the cause of
conflict among young couples. In cases where either of the partners wants to have kids
whereas the other one is not ready, can create stress in the relationship.
Fortunately, these marriage problems can be worked on. Even if only one partner is
consciously trying to change, any change can bring a shift in the dynamic of the relationship,
which can bring positive results.

13. Money matters can strain the strong bonds irrespective of the age of relationship.
Why is it the most common cause of quarrels that occur between the spouses in the
young families? What are the other issues that undermine the relationship? Why
are such issues as communication, taking responsibility, giving time to each other,
problems with in-laws, parenting, daily stress, busy schedules, bad habits - the
most common difficulties? What are the ways to avoid them?
 It is no secret to anyone who is either married or in a committed intimate relationship that
quarrels occur from time to time. For some couples these times are few and far between while
for others they are frequent. For many couples the arguments are frustrating, anxiety
provoking and, if really serious, can lead to the end of the relationship. For better and for
worse, family relationships play a central role in shaping an individual’s well-being across
the life course.
Studies show that the number one cause of divorce is money arguments. One-third of
couples say they have fights about not having enough money in savings. Financial baggage
has become the norm in today's society, with outrageous student loan debt, car loans, and
credit card debt. Some couples aren't truthful about their debts, leading to major arguments.
It may seem obvious that when you get married, all things, including your finances, are
shared, but this is not the case. Some couples keep their money separate even after getting
married. Whether your finances are combined or separate, if a couple is not in agreement
with how their money is spent as a family, it will certainly lead to arguments. Money
problems and the resulting arguments about money break up more marriages than any other
issue, including infidelity.
Actually, there are many different reasons that couples argue, but certain topics come up
more often than others. As a parent, it may seem as if you have no time. Your schedule may
be cluttered with work, chores, and your children's events, leaving little time for the things
you want to do. One solution is to use a calendar ordaily schedule system. This way you can
prioritize whatmatters most. You could also make an agreement with neighbors or friends to
watch each other's kids once a week. Chores can be a constant area of contention. When the
responsibilities of the cooking, cleaning, dishes, taking out the trash, and the rest of the
chores are distributed unevenly, it can lead to resentment and conflict. Not surprisingly, this
causes fights and feelings of being unappreciated. Relationships with the in-laws, as cliché as
it might seem, can cause many arguments between couples. Other family issues, such as
differing parenting philosophies on how to raise the kids frequently cause arguments as well.
Make a priority list and have a decent mature discussion about what should be done in that
area. If you have made through this marriage, you can find your way through this. From the
toddlers going through their “terrible twos” to the trying nature of teens, raising children can
be challenging, and at times you may feel your last nerve has been tried. Just know that while
you cannot control your children’s every action, you can control how you teach them to deal
with decisions and behaviors. You can set a positive example with how you choose to react to
your own frustrations. With younger children, who may display volatile emotional states and
tantrums, a good balance of patience and firmness are keys. It is hard enough to get yourself
organized. When you have a partner and kids to manage, chaos is inevitable. And, sometimes
it ends up badly. So, it is better to seek a smart solution. Several apps let you manage your
chores, make up a routine, and help with other things. Also, you can keep everyone around
you motivated to help you and play the role in the family to avoid such family issues. When
there is miscommunication among family members, a lot of things go wrong. Communication
is the issue of every relationship. If you are weak at it, relationships cannot grow. If you are
having trouble clearing things out, you must talk to them and sort out a solution. It is always
better to communicate better than to miscommunicate. Personal clashes are always stressful
and tough. Sometimes, they drive us crazy. If you have some of these members at home, it is
better to be ready before you enter the home. It hurts to face the surprising conflict than to be
already ready for it. Give yourself time and understand that they are not going to change.
When one of the family members is suffering from mental illness, it is one of the hardest
family issues to handle. It is a serious issue and it can affect the family members with high
intensity. But, these people need your support the most. However, professional help is a must.
You must not ignore the issue just because that person is a family member. Have patience
and call for professional help whenever it is necessary. Divorce destroys a family. It is one of
the really ugly family issues. The family structure is surely disturbed because of this. But,
you must be there for your family and give them an ear or shoulder to cry one. You must not
lash out on them or leave them at this hour of need. Even with the best circumstances, a
divorce will be extremely difficult. Between the emotion of an ended relationship and the
stress of the court procedures, it will be a hard time for all involved, including children. The
meaning of divorce is quite different for them, and explanations need to be tailored
accordingly. Children of any age deserve honest information about this. Divorced families are
still families, and a major task that parents face is renegotiating their family relationships
with their children and with each other. Also parents can get help if they think it’s necessary.
To cut it short, the quality of the relationship between parents appears to be central,
whether or not they are living together, or if the children are genetically related to the parents
or not. Where parents successfully resolve arguments, children can learn important positive
lessons which can help them navigate their own emotions and relationships beyond the
family circle. Helping parents understand how their relationships affect children's
development sets the stage for healthy children today - and healthy families in the future.

14. Parents are thought to be the direct or indirect cause of the

different child outcomes. Why are the difficult children issues
related to insufficient parental competence? What is the
importance of the family context in shaping and influencing the
children’s behavior?
I do agree that parents can be the direct or indirect cause of the different child outcomes.
The difficult child is the child who is unhappy. A difficult child is nearly always made
difficult by wrong treatment at home. It implies that the difficult children issues related to
insufficient parental competence. Children who exhibit problematic behavior, who display
hurtful and uncaring behavior toward others or who are aggressive or turn to delinquency
when they reach adolescence are often viewed as the product of insufficient parental
competence – nurture in addition to their nature. Competent parenting has been defined as the
style of child rearing that promotes the acquisition of abilities necessary to effectively deal
with the everyday demands. High parental competence facilitates the development of
prosocial attitudes and values and enables children to acquire the ability to deal effectively
with life changes during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Conversely, parents with
low competence, displaying inconsistent rewarding, harsh punishment, and rejection are
thought to cause weak parent-child bonds, low levels of self-control, emotional detachment,
and problem behaviors in their children.
 The family context is of great importance in shaping and influencing the children’s
behavior. Parents are primarily responsible for providing an environment with experiences
that will have an impact on the child’s development.
Children growing up in dysfunctional families are likely to develop low self esteem and
feel that their needs are not important or perhaps should not be taken seriously by others. In
addition to it, abuse and neglect inhibit the development of children’s trust in the world, in
others, and in themselves. Not surprisingly, they may experience problems in their academic
work, their relationships, and in their very identities.
Divorce also impacts children in a negative way. When preschoolers are involved in
family divorce they experience a sense of guilt and responsibility, as a result, preschool
children tend to become clingy and more anxious. As for children of between 9 and 18 who
report feeling increased levels of stress, anxiety, and feeling alone and abandoned.
For young children to develop into healthy adults, they require focused attention, love, and
security from their parents. Spending time with family has also been shown to make the child
more sociable, leading to more relationships and more happiness in their future.
Family is also beneficial for the child’s self-confidence. Growing up in a stable, unified
household gives the child the ability to go out and face the world without the worry that they
won’t have a support system to back them up. Not only do these family qualities influence
their child’s self-confidence, they have also been shown to create better communication
skills.
All in all, problematic families are not beneficial to their children, since they do not
provide kids with love, support and care which. Having a child grow up in a healthy family
environment leads to them seeking out better relationships, have better communication and
social skills and helps them get ready to experience success in their lives.

15. Do you agree or disagree with the statement of A.S. Neill – a Scottish educator: “A
difficult child is the child who is unhappy. He is at war with himself, and in
consequence, he is at war with the world.”? When and where do you think this war
begins? Why do we often wonder what is going on in the family of a child labeled as
a difficult child?

It’s something few people talk about: Some kids are just harder than others. Parents
who’ve been there speak candidly about the challenges, the self-doubt, and a protective love
that’s especially fierce.
A difficult child It is true that some children are easier to raise than others. They are
happy, affectionate, sociable and self-disciplined. Others, however, can be irritable, stubborn,
aggressive, and restless. Despite their parents’ great efforts, these children are difficult to deal
with and to bring up. During the years, people’s opinion about children who face challenges
in controlling their feelings and behavior has shifted from one point of view to another. On
the one hand, the blame was placed on parents – somehow it was their fault that their children
misbehave.
If parents were more understanding, patient and caring, then their children would be good.
This view didn’t make any sense to many parents and even put them to a cul-de-sac, because
their parenting worked for one of their children, but not for other. On the other hand, the
experts came to believe that difficult children are like this because of their innate makeup,
they are simply born with certain traits, and it is not their fault. Irritability, indifference,
fussiness or aggressiveness in children is seen as part of their nature, and parents have no
choice but to learn to live with such traits in their child.
It goes without saying that, dealing with difficult children isn’t an easy task and changes to
positive side require a long time. In fact, the older they grow, the more rebellious they are
likely to become, that’s why it’s very important to discern the difficulties in the upbringing of
the child at his early age. Moreover, parents relate to their children can make a huge
difference in how youngsters feel about themselves and respond to their environment.
Therefore, parents should become child’s support and encouragement.
Children learn by example, they absorb all the information like sponges and the best way
to promote good habits and behavior is by practicing parents by themselves. One more vital
point for parents is to be more involved in child’s life, it means that family members should
always keep a healthy relationship with the kid and create a comfort level that will enable
him find relatives helpful and reassuring. The last, but not less significant aspect is making
child responsible for his decisions and choices, there should always be a consequence of
every action, good or bad.
This will make him responsible for everything he does and will require a good amount of
thinking before any action is taken. I’d like to conclude by saying that “a difficult child” is
not an illness or medical diagnosis, difficult children are normal, they can become positive,
enthusiastic, perhaps even especially creative individuals if they are well managed when
young, as well as treated with most care and love, from parents, family members, relatives,
teachers or any other people around them.

16. Is it right to say the Ukrainians are family-oriented? Which types of families are
typical of Ukraine? Is the term “egalitarian” applicable to the Ukrainian concept of
family? What are the attitudes of Ukrainians towards the marriage of love,
marriage of convenience, arranged marriage, common law marriage? Who do you
think should finalize the choice of marriage?

Is it right to say the Ukrainians are family-oriented?

Ukrainian people are very family oriented. For this reason, most customs are related to
family holidays or events. One of them came from the Kievan Rusperiod when people
greeted their most honourable guests with bread and salt. It turns out that if the hosts offered
this combination of goods, they wished wealth and banished evil spirits. Nowadays,
Ukrainians have made this custom simpler; however, bread and salt are always put on the
table when guests arrive. Besides, it is very common for parents and grandparents to live
together with their children and grandchildren and help them to raise their kids. This tradition
was and still is a necessity in some parts of Ukraine.
 Which types of families are typical of Ukraine? A traditional full family consisting of
four people- mother, father, son and daughter does not seem to be a priority nowadays. In
Ukraine, most families are,unfortunately, incomplete. Statistics say that more than two
million of Ukrainian families consist mainly of mothers (80 percent) and about 2 million
children are brought up in single parent families, not to mention the extremely difficult
situation with large poor families and single-parent families or families with disabled children
or parents.
Is the term “egalitarian” applicable to the Ukrainian concept of family? The main
task of the family policy based on this model is to assure gender equality. Some researchers
classify the egalitarian family pattern as one of the types of the partner family characterized
by full “interchange” of husband’s and wife’s roles and allocation of their duties. Relations of
this kind are more often observed in young families without children. Nowadays, more and
more egalitarian marriages are being created in Ukraine. Some researchers believe the
egalitarian family pattern to be the most progressive and promising one.
What are the attitudes of Ukrainians towards the marriage of love, marriage of
convenience, arranged marriage, common law marriage? A marriage of convenience is a
marriage contracted for reasons other than that of love and commitment. Instead, such a
marriage is entered into for personal gain, hiding one's homosexuality or some other sort of
strategic purpose, such as a political marriage. There are some cases in which those married
do not intend to live together as a couple, and typically got married only for one of them to
gain the right to reside in a country, meaning a marriage of benefit. I cannot speak for the
whole nation, but it seems that this kind of marriage is frowned upon in my country as it
doesn’t correspond to the values that Ukrainians share in terms of familial relations.
In many cultures, it is usual for parents to decide their adult children's marriages; this is
called an arranged marriage. Arranged marriages have historically been prominent in many
cultures. The practice remains common in many regions, notably South Asia, though in many
other parts of the world,including Ukraine, the practice has declined substantially during the
19th and 20th centuries.
A common law marriage is one in which the couple lives together for a period of time and
holds themselves out to friends, family and the community as "being married," but without
ever going through a formal ceremony or getting a marriage license. This sort of agreement is
among acceptable behaviours in Ukraine.
Who do you think should finalize the choice of marriage?
Lastly, I'm of the opinion that a marriage should be solely driven and finalised by the couple,
with or without consent of their parents, as opposed to arranged marriage.

17. Is it true that the concept of marriage is different from what it was a
hundred years ago? What has changed the concept? There are several
definitions of family. Which of them do you consider the most
 appropriate? Which types of families can you name according to their
structure? What is an ideal family in your understanding? How can the
definitions of family and its types change from culture to culture?
What are the common features despite the cultures and distances?
What are the differences due to the history and location? What is a
family in any country? Are the families based on consanguinity only?

Is it true that the concept of marriage is different from what it was a

hundred years ago? What has changed the concept?

The concept of marriage has been changed over the years. In a changing world
in which small societies have been exposed to television and cd's, computers,
economic changes, technology, tourism, the structure and function of the family
has been changing, just as these societies have also been changing.
Acculturation and enculturation in response to these pressures for change have
also affected the links between ecology, social structure, family types and
psychological variables.

It may be said that the modern family has considerably changed from the
traditional family, but this process of change has been all at once the result of
changing needs and current circumstances.

There are several definitions of family. Which of them do you consider the
most appropriate?

The family is a social group characterized by common residence, economic

cooperation, and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of
whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more
children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults." The functions of
family were considered to be: sexual, reproduction, socialization, and economic.
The functions of the family are procreation and socialization of children, sexual
regulation, economic cooperation, and provision of care, affection and
companionship.

Which types of families can you name according to their structure?

The first one which I would like to talk about is nuclear family. Nuclear
families are comprised of married partners and their offspring. This type of
family is widely held to be the most basic and universal form of social
organization.

It is important to mention about extended family which is the most common

type of family in the world. Extended families include at least three generations:
grandparents, married offspring, and grandchildren.

Nevertheless, blended family are becoming more common, especially in

industrial societies. A blended family is formed when divorced or widowed
parents who have children marry.

The single parent family consists of one parent raising one or more children on
his own. This family may include a single mother with her children, a single dad
with his kids, or a single person with their kids.

I consider, an ideal family is the source of prosperity, happiness and protection

for each member. Members of the family love, respect, support each other and
gin their goals together as all-in-one social institution.

How can the definitions of family and its types change from culture to
culture?

It is common knowledge that cultures seem to have different types of family

systems. Families exist in all societies and they are partш of what makes us
human. However, societies around the world demonstrate tremendous variation
in cultural understandings of family and marriage. Ideas about how people are
related to each other, what kind of marriage would be ideal, when people should
have children, who should care for children, and many other family related
matters differ cross-culturally.

Family includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially
approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the
sexually cohabiting adults. More recently, family is defined in terms of recent
social and economic changes as not static institution. There are the increases in
oneparent divorced and unmarried mother families, and homosexual families.
Now the minimum number constituting a family is one adult and one dependent
person, the parents do not have to be of both sexes, and the couple does not
have to be married.

What are the common features despite the cultures and distances?
A family is a group of two or more people who are related by blood, marriage,
adoption, or a mutual commitment and who care for one another. Defined in
this way, the family is universal or nearly universal: such form of the family as
nuclear, extended, single-parent, childless families have existed in every
society, or nearly every society. The common features of the family are its
functions. It socializes children, provides practical and emotional support for its
members, regulates sexual reproduction, and provides its members with a social
identity

What are the differences due to the history and location?

Family is a very old social group. It has been in existence since long times. The
family as a social institution is always changing with the march of time.

To begin with a fundamental difference between the modern family and the
ancient family pertains to its size. In the ancient societies joint family system
was the order of the day. There used to be families of very big size consisting of
the members of many generations who used to live in one house.

Now joint families have broken up and their place has been taken over by single
families. The modern families are quite small in size consisting of parents and
their small children.

Because of economic changes, television, movies, education, the internet,

tourism, commerce, the traditional family systems of small societies are no
longer totally dependent on subsistence systems such as hunting, gathering or
even agriculture. The number of nuclear families are increasing in urban areas
in most developing societies, young people are increasingly choosing their
spouses rather than having to submit to arranged marriages, women are entering
the work force, traditional family roles have changed, the father no longer has
absolute power in the family. Thus, the position of the women has changed in
the family with the changing times. These changes are due to industrialization
and globalization.

The traditional family was regarded as a social unit, whereas the modern
families have become individualistic in outlook. The family in the modern time
has lost its character as a social unit. Now the members of the same family live
scattered at different places and do separate occupations whereas it was
impossible earlier.

A very important feature of modern family is the economic independence of

women, while such a thing was not found in the traditional family. Women in
modern family have attained an increasing degree of economic dependence.

While the traditional family was religious in outlook, the modern family is
secular in attitude. The religious rites of the traditional family such as early
prayer is no longer performed in modern family. Marriage also has become a
civil contract rather than a religious sacrament.

There is one more difference which I would like to talk about. It is Egalitarian
marriage which can be characterized as equal footing between the husband and
wife. It is the direct anti-thesis or patriarchy or matriarchy.

It is clear from the foregoing facts that the modern family is no longer the
economic and self-sufficient unit. But despite all this it may be said, that the
family still remains a strategic social institution.

What is a family in any country?

Family is a group of people affiliated (united) by a specific relationship. It is

the smallest and most basic social unit, which is also the most important
primary group found in any society. The family is generally regarded as a major
social institution and a locus of a person's social activity. In fact, it is the most
enduring group, which has tremendous influence on the life of an individual,
from birth until death. This social unit is created by blood, marriage, or
adoption. Family influences personal, emotional, intellectual, and social
development.

Are the families based on consanguinity only?

Kinship (спорідненість) encompasses relationships formed through blood

connections (consanguineal), such as those created between parents and
children, as well as relationships created through marriage ties
(affinal(ефайнал)), such as in-laws. Consanguinity is a genetic concept, that
unites people by blood. However, having blood kinship isn’t enough for
creation a happy family. There should be respect, trust and understandunce
among all members of the family. Family members are united by common
views and goals for the future. So, a family is a friendly relationship of two
people who share the same interests and support each other in any situation
(консангвініті)

18. What do you think about the impact of the pandemic on the family relationships?
Do you agree that the pandemic endangers marriages and family relationships?
Which effects of the pandemic on the family have recently become conspicuous?
Has the meaning of family changed during the pandemic? Are there only negative
or positive changes? Does a good family help survive the pandemic?

What do you think about the impact of the pandemic on the family relationships?

The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly affected us. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit
in early 2020, many families found themselves suddenly isolated together at home. That in
turn has increased our worries and concerns not only about our physical health, but also
concerning our mental health and relationships with our relatives. For a number of families,
it meant making big changes in everyday routines due to financial hardships. For other
families, it meant raised anxiety in children, the tension in parenting relationships, or
general fear.

Do you agree that the pandemic endangers marriages and family relationships?

Due to the pandemic, couples around the world have become more likely to divorce and
break off relationships. This situation is becoming more common: the number of divorce
applications and long-term breakups is growing rapidly in the UK and the rest of the world.
Many felt tense when they found themselves locked in four walls with their families.
Childcare, household chores, work, health care, finances and world events have all caused a
crisis in the family. Many felt tense when they found themselves locked in four walls with
their families. Childcare, household chores, work, health care, finances and world events
have all caused a crisis in the family.

Which effects of the pandemic on the family have recently become conspicuous?

Staying together 24 hours a day can lead to some families getting stronger and others
realizing that they are not destined to be together. Quarantine has exacerbated old wounds,
problems and unresolved conflicts. Unfortunately, the level of domestic violence during
quarantine has increased. Many famili es suffer from financial difficulties, they become more
anxious and aggressive.

Has the meaning of family changed during the pandemic?

The family is support and mutual assistance. In a crisis, these qualities must grow. With a
calm relationship in the family, the level of bad emotions decreases - the family during
quarantine becomes support, helps to relieve tension and stress.

Are there only negative or positive changes?

Despite the negative, there are positive changes. During this period, many families became
even closer, they got to know each other better. Many children have received more attention
and care from their parents. Families began to appreciate the time spent together more. Also
many married adults, whose financial situation has deteriorated, said the pandemic made
them value their husbands or wives more.

Does a good family help survive the pandemic?

It is very important to remain optimistic and positive in the family. The main task of parents
and other adults in families with children is to maintain physical and mental health. The
longer the parents remain sane, the easier it will be for them to contact their children.

19. Traditional families vs contemporary families. What are the main differences between
their structure, family income, gender roles? How can the meaning of the contemporary
family vary in regard to its marriage type, structure, relationship, responsibilities shared
with the spouse? Will there appear the new changes in the future?

What are the main differences between their structure, family income, gender roles?

Families are the heart of the society which is built on them. These families are
changing continuously. There are two types of family; the traditional family and the
modern family. Between these two types families there are many differences and
similarities, so I am going to compare and contrast families in the UAE

The similarities between the traditional family and modern family are many.

The first similarity is the role of women in the family. In both, the mother is the core of
affection and warmth. She always takes care of her children and her husband even if she
works outside the home.

Another similarity is that all members in the same family are supportive of each other
and each one respects and helps the other. However, the man in both of them is still the
leader of the family who works for his wife and children.

On the other hand, the differences are more than the similarities. Firstly, the size of the
family is different. Traditional families are extended and consist of grandparents, uncles,
aunts, parents and children, whereas the modern family is nuclear and contains only the
parents and their children.
 In addition, the amount of respect to the elderly is different. In traditional families the
respect for the grandparents and parents is more than the respect for them in the modern
family. Another difference is that the children in the traditional family must obey the
rules and not break them while in the modern family the children can do what they want
without any difficult rules.

How can the meaning of the contemporary family vary in regard to its marriage type,
structure, relationship, responsibilities shared with the spouse?

Contemporary families are inclusive of single parent families, blended families, step-
families and homosexual families to name a few. To define the concept of the family as
consisting of one pattern of attributes leads to controversial discussions pertaining to the
ideologies of marriage, divorce, sex and children. The family is no longer a concept that
can be contemplated within an essentialist notion, rather the concept of the
contemporary family has evolved into a fluid ideology that is constantly shifting and
changing throughout society.

The changes we see within the idea of the family and the concept of marriage will
continue to remain fluid and changeable. We live in a society whereby change is
inevitable. While the idea of the ‘nuclear’ family remains popular, it is important to
understand that modern families are diverse. We will continue to see a variety of ways in
which people work individually and collectively. Today’s family incorporates a variety
of notions, all of which fit within the definition of the family.

Will there appear the new changes in the future?

I strongly believe that in the nearest future there will be more abilities to adopt a child
for a homosexual family, because judging by my experience, some children that were
brought up in such families behave more civilized that the children from the traditional
ones. I am deeply convinced that some restrictions regarding having a child in a single
parent family is absurd. On the other hand, it can depend on the individual
characteristics of a child, because if he or she is extremely valendunarian then he or she
will not adequately perceive the model of a family and it can cause some psychological
problems in a future. Obviously, I hope that our government will provide more financial
assistance to single-parent families.

So, it doesn`t matter which family you have, but it does matter what relationships you
have with your family members, and what is the level of your trust between each other. I
wish all of us to have families that are overwhelmed only with love and support

20. Music is beauty in sounds. Ukrainian music is famous worldwide. Some experts
admit Ukrainian music is a world class phenomenon. Why? Some pieces of music
are performed all over the world but have never been related to Ukraine. What are
they? Why is Ukrainian music compared to Math? Which vocal techniques were
developed in rural Ukraine? Could we claim that “kobzari” were the first
performers who propagated Ukrainian folk culture? What testifies to the fact that
Ukrainian musicians have won universal acclaim?

Ukrainian songs are carrying away people’s minds and souls. An incredible sense and
sensibility of melody and lyrics, rich set of instruments create the unique rhythmical
structure. Traditional songs have been transferred to every new generation with great honor
and pleasure.
Some pieces of music are performed all over the world but have never been related to
Ukraine. What are they?
It's widely known that one of the world's most famous Christmas songs - The Carol of
the Bells – was based on the Ukrainian song Shchedryk, written in 1916 by composer
Mykola Leontovich, which was in turn based on the melody and lyrics of a pre-Christian
folk song. From Metallica to Jessica Simpson, Carol of the Bells is in the catalogue of a
whole range of popular singers and choirs, even though originally it was sung by young
girls going from house to house in Ukrainian villageson New Years Eve wishing good
fortune in the upcoming year.
Ukrainian culture has been just as influential to classical music as its artists. Many
famous composers used Ukrainian folklore in their most impressive works, such as: Ludwig
van Beethoven (Razumovsky Quartets, Opus 59 No. 1-3, Air de la Petite Russe), Antonin
Dvorak (Dumky trios), Joseph Haydn (String quartet no. 20. opus 9 no. 2), Franz Liszt
(Mazeppa Symphonic poem No. 6, Ballade d'Ukraine), Modest Mussorgsky (Opera The fair
of Sorotcincy), Sergei Rachmaninoff (Piano Concerto no 3), and many others.
Why is Ukrainian music compared to Math? Music is math, and both are universal
languages. What seems to be just a beautiful sound is actually a complicated formula.
Ukrainian folk melodies and singing are unique in their formula, like a fingerprint.
According to numerous ethnographic studies (most notable those of Polish scientist Oscar
Kolberg in the 19th century), Ukrainian music has a melodic expression not found in the
neighboring countries and generally uncommon in Western Europe. Without going into
too much detail, a complex use of minor modes and recitative style gives a unique drama to
Ukrainian ritual songs known as Hayivky and Vesnianky.
Which vocal techniques were developed in rural Ukraine? White voice is a unique
vocal technique was developed in rural Ukraine and is a part of the strong Eastern
European tradition of open throat ritual singing. An old name for this performance is
Holosinnia, a ritual wailing performed by women. Such singing is depicted in Sergei
Parajanov's 1964 film Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors. One of the most influential
contemporary white voice singers from Ukraine who has a world-wide recognition
is Mariana Sadovska. Lviv-born, she performed on the best stages around the world and
holds numerous awards, The New York Times called her singing "a pure vitality".
Could we claim that “kobzari” were the first performers who propagated Ukrainian
folk culture? Wandering folk bards who performed a large repertoire of epic-historical,
religious, and folk songs while playing a kobza or bandura.One of the most dramatic
music stories is not widely known outside Ukraine, yet it was the ethnocide
musicians - kobzars, blind traveling minstrels in Ukraine, in the 1930s, as a part of
 Joseph Stalin genocide in Ukraine. Almost all of the kobzars were killed and even
musical instruments, which they were using, were prohibited.
What testifies to the fact that Ukrainian musicians have won universal acclaim?
In Rotterdam, the city hosting Eurovision 2021, electro-folk band Go_A presented a
Ukrainian-language song called “Shum” (“Noise”), which was praised by Eurovision
fans for standing out among other performances. The song “Shum” is based on
traditional namesake vesnianka, an ancient Ukrainian spring song. “SHUM” borrows
heavily from existing Ukrainian folklore. In fact, the song is a re-arrangement of
different versions of the traditional Ukrainian folk song “A v nashoho shuma”. It
represented a great musical identity of Ukrainian music.
Also , there are success stories of artists gaining credentials in the pop segment to
some extent. You may google The Hardkiss, KAZKA, or alyona alyona. Symbolically
important was Ukrainian victory at Eurovision song contest in 2016 of a singer Jamala,
who's performance emphasized the tragic events of the Crimean Tatar deportation in the
light of the new historical reality, the peninsula's occupation.

21. The history of music is as old as humanity itself. What do you know about the evolution
of music? How did music develop with time (periods, trends and genres, famous
composers)? Why do many share an opinion that music is relative and subjective? What
is the contribution of Ukrainian music to the world’s music? What are your preferences
in music?

What do you know about the evolution of music?

The notion “classical music" describes orchestral music, chamber music, choral
music, and solo performance pieces, yet within this broad genre, several distinct
periods exist. Each classical era has its own characteristics that distinguish it from
classical music at large.

How did music develop with time (periods, trends and genres, famous
composers)?

I would like to begin with the Medieval period which dates back to 1150. In this
period most notated manuscripts came from the church or places connected to the
church. We can assume that the most known type of music to come out of the
Medieval period was the Gregorian Chant. They were monophonic, in other words, a
single, unaccompanied melodic line and most commonly sung by monks. Despite the
fact that a large portion of the music written in this era is not attributed to any author,
John Dunstable, Adam de la Halle, Phillippe de Vitry, Guillaume de Machaut, and
Francesco Landini were all notable composers in this period.
Let`s move on to the Renaissance which started right after the Medieval in 1400 and
continued up to 1600. It is believed that the Renaissance was a golden age for choral
composition, as it brought significantly increased amounts of harmony and polyphony
into music, as most composers were focused on choral music.

Throughout the entire Renaissance period Religious music continued to flourish, new
forms such as masses, anthems, psalms, and motets appeared. The second half of the
Renaissance period was incredibly influential, as composers became to move away
from the modal system of harmony and towards the organization of major and minor
scales. Notable composers of the Renaissance include William Byrd, John Dowland,
Orlando Gibbons and Thomas Tallis.

The next period started at 1600 and lasted to 1750 and is known as Baroque. The
Baroque period is commonly known for complex pieces and intricate harmonies. The
idea of the modern orchestra was born, along with opera, the concerto, sonata, and
cantata. Choral music was no longer king, as composers turned to compose
instrumental works for various ensembles.

Early Baroque composers included Claudio Monteverdi, Alessandro Scarlatti,

Henry Purcell, and Jean Baptiste Lully, while later Baroque composers included
Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederick Handel, and Antonio Vivaldi.

Classical period started at 1750 and lasted to 1820. The Classical period expanded
upon the Baroque period, adding a majorly influential new song form: the sonata. This
period also saw the development of the concerto, symphony, sonata, trio, and quartet.
The Classical period is most known for its compulsion for structural clarity in music

Notable composers from the Classical period include musical giants Joseph Haydn,
Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, and of course, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

The next Romantic period (1820 – 1900) comes. As one might assume from the
word “romantic,” this period took Classical music and added overwhelming amounts
of intensity and expression. As the period developed, composers gravitated towards
drama and emotion. This era produced some of music’s most adored composers,
including Hector Berlioz, Frederic Chopin and the most quintessential romantic
composer Richard Wagner.

20th Century and 21st Century (1900 – Current)

Each period we’ve described up until the 20th and 21st centuries had a general set of
guidelines and characteristics that most composers followed. The 20th and 21st
centuries can only be described as free reign for composers. The prominent composers
of the period are Steve Rush, John Adams and Philip Glass.
Why do many share an opinion that music is relative and subjective?

As far as I am concerned, music is relative and subjunctive owing to the fact that
every individual has their own tastes and different ways of perception. For instance,
one song or melody influences people in different ways. It may depend on the life
experience, character and preferences of the listeners.

What is the contribution of Ukrainian music to the world’s music?

I would like to mention that Ukrainians are known popularly as a musical people with
a remarkable legacy of folk songs and talented performers. It's common knowledge
that one of the world's most famous Christmas songs - The Carol of the Bells – was
based on the Ukrainian song Shchedryk, written by composer Mykola Leontovich,.
Ukrainian singers, songwriters, and composers have made way more contributions to
world music.

The Golden Trio of 18th century Ukrainian classics are Dmytro Bortniansky, Maksym
Berezovsky and Artemiy Vedel. Their work is associated with music academy in
Hlukhiv, many students of which, ethnically /ˈeθ.nɪ.kəl.i/ Ukrainian. Famous
composers of the 19th century include Mykola Lysenko, Semen Hulak Artemovsky,
Mykola Leontovych, Reinhold Gliere.

Ukrainian artists have also conquered operas around the world. Great singers of the
past include Andrij Dobriansky, a principal artist of the Metropolitan Opera in New
York for 30 years, and Solomiya Krushelnytska , a La Scala star and one of the
greatest opera singers of the 20th century.

From my perspective Ukrainians should be grateful to Kvitka "Kasey" Cisyk for

introducing our folk music to both American and Ukrainian society. Her two albums,
Kvitka, Songs of Ukraine, Kvitka, Two Colors were dedicated to "the spirit of the
Ukrainian soul, whose wings can never be broken."

What are your preferences in music?

Тут кожен своє може сказати.

22. Modern music is different from classical music. But it is not less powerful and gripping.
Why? What is the place of modern music in your life? What are your preferences in
modern music? Who is your favorite composer, singer? What do you know about their
career and contribution to music?
 Classical music like Beethoven, Mozart or Schubert composed them is written down to
the exact note. You know how to play each note and what instrument has to be used.
This exact notification is what distinguishes this vast music from most modern music.
You can have a new orchestra who can play the old music in the exact way it is meant to
be. Of course you can have little varieties in terms of speed, intensity. Because the feel
for speed changes with every new generation of people. That is why older recordings of
classical concertos and musical pieces are different from modern recordings of those.
Most modern music does not have sheets from which we can copy the music in an exact
way. Today we still have people composing music like movie scores. But we never get
the sheets now anymore. In times of Mozart or Beethoven the music was out the very
minute the composer himself presented it to the people. They got their hands on it and
played the music at home as well as possible. Today you don’t have that anymore.
Composers are tighter knit and it is all about copyrights and other money related
nonsense. Modern music in terms of being modern also lacks a certain structure. .Pop
music is fleeting music. Pop only is what is trendy at any time and literally has no
meaning the next day. So the main difference is that “classical” music got notated in an
exact way and modern music does not get this treatment anymore. It is easily understood
why so many believe the art of classical music is in many ways irrelevant,in a society
focused on the latest technology, dance crazes, and what is trending on social media,
However, with more music being produced in today's era than ever before, and with
many artist drawing inspiration from classical pieces, this old art form is long from dead.
Over the centuries, classical music has transformed itself to become a building block,
setting the framework for musicians of all types today. Many studies have even shown
that music, especially learning or listening to classical music, can have a wide variety of
benefits. Whether you are interested in rock, pop or even rap, the musical influence from
classical composers, though sometimes hidden, can become clear the more you study
music’s history. Further, classical composers such as Bach, Schubert and Mozart,
despite how long ago their music was composed, remain relevant because of how it
played such a major factor into the evolution of music and its genres. Though the roots
of music are important, classical music’s reach extends further than just a step in
music’s evolution. In fact, many popular artists in today’s music industry have a close
relationship to classical music. A large portion of today’s musicians grew up playing
some sort of classical instrument such as the piano or violin, because reading music is
such a transferable skill in the music industry.