THE GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN AWARD 8.

Salinta Monon: A Tagbanua Bagobo

(GAMABA) traditional weaver of distinct abaca fabrics
GAMABA: An award that acknowledges called inabal.
folk and indigenous artists who, despite 9. Ginaw Bilog: A Hanunuo Mangyan
the modern times, remain true to their poet who is considered as a master of
traditions. Hereunder are some of the ambahan poetry.
GAMABA awardees and their work of art:
10. Masino Intaray: A prolific and pre-
1. Darhata Sawabi: A Tausug weaver of eminent epic chanter and story-teller
Pis Syabit, the traditional cloth tapestry recognized for his outstanding mastery of
worn as a head cover. various traditional musical instruments of
2. Eduardo Mutuc: An artist from Apalit, the Palawan people such as basal, kulilal,
Pampanga who has dedicated his life to and bagil.
creating religious and secular art in silver,
bronze, and wood.
KINDS OF SUBJECT
3. Haja Amina Appi: Recognized as
master mat weaver among the sama 1. Still Life: These are groups of inanimate
indigenous community for her unique objects arranged in an indoor setting
designs, straightness of her edging (tabig), Examples – flowers and fruits
and fineness of her sasa and kima-kima. arrangements; dishes, food, pots and
pans, musical instruments and music
4. Alonzo Saclag: A Kalinga Master of sheets.
Dance and the performing arts who
mastered not only the Kalinga musical  Still Life of Peaches and Pears by
instruments but also his dance patterns Paul Cezanne
and movements associated with his
2. Landscapes, Seascapes and Cityscapes:
peoples’ ritual.
Artists have always been fascinated with
5. Federico Caballero: A Sulod Bukidnon their physical environment.
epic chanter from Calinog, Iloilo who
 Ocean City by Wayne Thiebaud
ceaselessly works for the documentation of
the oral literature, particularly the epics of 3. Animals: The earliest known paintings
his people. are representation of animals on the walls
of cave. The carabao has been a favorite
6. Uwang Ahadas: A Yakan musician
subject of Filipino artists. Sometimes,
who is a master of the kwintangan, kayu,
animals have been used as symbols in
and tuntungan instruments.
conventional religious art.
7. Lang Dulay: A T’boli traditional weaver
 Heritage by Cai Guo Qiang
of T’nalak or T’boli cloth made of colorful
abaca fabrics.
4. Portraits: Refer to realistic likeness of a 8. Religion and Mythology: Art has been a
person in sculpture, painting, drawing or handmaiden of religion. Most of the
print. world’s religions have used the arts to aid
in worship, to instruct, to inspire feelings
 Girl with a Pearl Earring by of devotion and to impress and convert
Johannes Vermeer non-believers.
5. Figures: A sculptor’s chief subject has
 The Angelus by Jean Francois Millet
traditionally been the human body, nude
or clothed. The body’s form, structure and
flexibility offer the artist a big challenge
9. Dreams and Fantasies: Dreams are
todepict it in a variety of ways, ranging
usually vague and illogical. Artists,
from the idealistic as in the classical
especially the surrealists have tried to
Greek sculptures to the most abstract.
depict dreams as well as the grotesque
 The Thinker by Auguste Rodin terrors and apprehensions that lurk in the
depths of the subconscious.
6. Everyday Life: Artists have always
shown a deep concern about life around  A Eunuch’s Dream by Jean Lecomte du
them. Many of them have recorded in Nouy
paintings their observation of people going
about their usual ways and performing
their usual tasks. Genre paintings usually TECHNIQUES RELATED TO PAINTINGS
are representations of rice threshers,
cockfighters, candle vendors, street 1. Encaustic: The medium for the
musicians, and children at play. powdered color is hot wax which is painted
onto a wood surface with a brush. It is
 Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez then smoothed with a metal instrument
resembling a spoon, and then blended and
7. History and Legends: While many works
set over a flame to soften and set the
may not be consciously done historical
colors into the wood. This method
records, certain information about history
produces durable colors and permits
can be pieced from them such as the
sculptural modeling of the paint surface.
costumes and accessories, the status
(This technique is rarely used today.)
symbols, the kinds of dwellings or the
means of transportation. 2. Fresco Secco: In the dry plaster or
“fresco secco” technique, pigments are
 The Night Watch by Rembrandt
usually mixed with water, although other
substances might also be used. The paint is
then applied to a dry plaster wall which
has been wetted down with water.
Example is the Egyptian mural.
3. Fresco: This is also known as “Buon 7. Water color: Powdered pigments are
Fresco” or True Fresco, which entails mixed with gum-arabic or a similar
painting on freshly spread, moist plaster. substance that will help them adhere to a
This technique was perfected in surface. The artist then mixes them with
Renaissance Italy. Examples include water and applies them to a ground,
Roman wall paintings at Pompeii, Giotto’s usually paper, with a soft brush. The final
Arena Chapel at Padua and Michelangelo’s effect is that of translucent washes of
Sistine Chapel ceiling. color. This method was the most
important method of painting in China
4. Egg Tempera: In this method, the and Japan from an early date but did not
pigment is mixed with egg yolk, or both the
become popular with European artists
yolk and white of an egg. It is thinned with
until after the 16th century.
water and applied to a gesso ground
(plaster mixed with a binding) on a panel. 8. Acrylic: Acrylics are artificial compounds
Islamic and Medieval miniature paintings developed in the twentieth century. The
in books and manuscripts are examples of binder used includes water, and the paints
egg tempera paintings. Artists who worked can be thinned with water, but once the
in egg tempera include Cimabue, Duccio paints dry, they have a glossy, permanent
and Andrew Wyeth. surface that resembles the surface created
by oils. These paints can create most of
5. Mosaic: The design is created by small
the effects accomplished in oils and have
pieces of colored glass, stone or ceramic
the advantage of not requiring the use of
(called Tesserae), embedded in wet mortar
turpentine, which is toxic. The major
which has been spread over the surface to
disadvantage of acrylics is that unless a
be decorated. Their slightly irregular
retarding agent is mixed into the paint, it
placement on a surface creates a very
will dry much more quickly. Since many
lively, reflective surface when viewed at a
artists prefer to be able to re-work the
distance. This was often used to decorate
colors, many prefer oils to acrylics.
walls, floors, and ceilings.
9. Collage: The word “collage” comes from
6. Oil Paint: Prior to the 15th century, oil the French verb “coller,” meaning “to
paints were thick and hard to control, so
paste.” In this technique, photographs,
they were initially used only for utilitarian
news clippings or other objects are pasted
purposes. In the 15th century, turpentine
on the painting surface and may be
was discovered to be an effective thinning
combined with painted areas. The cuttings
agent. The Van Eyck brothers were
and objects may be selected for their
credited with perfecting the technique of
associative or representation values, or for
oil painting, which they initially attempted
the formal and textural qualities of the
to keep secret. result. One of the first examples (of a
collage) was executed by Pablo
10. Drawing: Work that is intended to be
executed in almost any material may first
be envisioned in a drawing. There are
some characteristics that make drawing  11.4 Woodcut: This kind of
particularly attractive to the artist in many technique of printing designs from
situations. Drawing materials are very planks of wood incised parallel to
portable – these can be brought wherever the vertical axis of the wood’s grain.
the artist wishes to use his ability to make It is one of the oldest methods of
images. Through this, it is possible to making printings from a relief
capture the candid moment, the action, or surface, having been used in China
the mood, without the obtrusive to decorate textilessince the 5th
paraphernalia required for other methods. century. Woodblock printing
11. Printmaking: A print is anything paraphernalia in Zhuxian’s Yunji
printed on a surface that is a direct result studio
from the duplication process. The five  11.5 Engraving: In engraving, the
major types of prints are: design is cut into metal with a
graver or burin. The burin is a steel
 11.1 Relief: Relief prints are made rod with a square or lozenge-shaped
by removing material from the section and a slightly bent shank.
matrix, the surface the image has
been carved into, which is often
wood, linoleum, or metal. The
remaining surface is covered with
ink or pigment, and then paper is
pressed onto the surface, picking up
the ink. Letterpress is a relief
printing process that transfers ink
to paper but also indents an
impression into the surface of the
paper, creating a texture to the print
that is often considered a sign of
high quality.
 11.2 Intaglio prints: They are made
when a design is scratched into a
matrix, usually a metal plate. Ink is
wiped across the surface and
collects the scratches. Excess ink is
wiped off and paper is pressed onto
the plate, picking up the ink from
the scratches.
 11.3 Stencil prints: They are made
by passing inks though a porous
fine mesh matrix.