Project ID: 201669 USTRIAL AUTOMATION INTERNSHIP A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by PATEL AVINASH DILIPBHAI 226848309007 In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING In ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING GROW MORE FACULTY OF DIPLOMA ENGINEERING ons GROW MORE pect wae ze GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD May, 2023 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY i (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerGROV MORE mae wie a) GROW MORE FACULTY OF DIPLOMA ENGINEERING . HIMMTNAGAR CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project report submitted along with the project entitled Industrial Automation has been carried out by PATEL AVINASH D. under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering Sth Semester of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad during the academic year 2023- 24, PRO.SOHIL LUHAR. PRO-RAMESH PRAJAPATI Internal Guide Head of Department © scanned with oxen sconerDate: / /2023 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN This is to certify that PATEL AVINASH D, a student of GROW MORE FACULT OF DIPLOMA ENGINEERING.HIMMTNAGAR has successfully completed his internship in the field of Industrial Automation from to (Total number of Weeks: 06 ) under the guidance of M/S Jigna Dave His internship activities include During the period of her his internship program with us, he / she had been exposed to different processes and was found diligent, hardworking and inquisitive. We wish him every success in his life and career, For SOFCON INDIA PVT. LTD. © scanned with oxen sconerCertificate of Internship This certificate is presented to Avinash Dilipbhai Patel for the Completion of Industrial Internship on PLC-SCADA Programming from 27th July 2023 to 30th August 2023. aang Pet BOS Sofcon India Pvt Ltd ‘an NO: Usoon7DL2002PTC115673 405, 4th Floor, Sukhsagar Complex, Near Hotel Fortune Land Mark, Usmanpura, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad - 380013 Gujarat (© 9227185900 © scanned with omen camerGROW MORE FACULTY OF DIPLOMA ENGINEERING. HIMMTNAGAR DECLARATION We hereby declare that the Internship report submitted along with the Internship Industrial Automation entitled submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, is a bona fide record of original project work carried out by me SOFCON INDIA PVT. LTD. at under the supervision of M/S Jigna Dave and that no part of this report has been directly copied from any students’ reports or taken from any other source, without providing due reference, ‘Name of the Student Sign of Student PATEL AVINASH D. © scanned with oxen sconerACKNOWLEDGEMENT U/We wish to express our sincere gratitude to our External guide M/S JIGNA DAVE for continuously guiding me at the company and answering all my doubts with patience. We also thank our parents, friends and all the members of the family for their precious support and encouragement which they had provided in completion of our work. In addition to that, we would also like to mention the company personals who gave us the permission to use and experience the valuable resources required for the imemship. ‘Thus, In conclusion to the above said, we once again thank the staff members of SOFCON INDIA PVT. LTD. For their valuable support in completion of the project. ‘Thank You AVINASH PATEL (226848309007) vi © scanned with oxen sconerABSTRACT Any Industrial Automation there many instruments wired together in a network. In order to make them functioning Programmable Logic controllers (PLC) are used. Programmable Logic Controllers are industry based computers that are used to ‘monitor inputs and control the output based on the logic state of the input. Sometimes the system is placed in remote locations and in order to control the functions of such systems. This is known as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA).SCADA is system that enables to control, monitor and coordinate devices and components in real time from a remote location with acquisition of data for analysis and planning from one central location. vil © scanned with omen camerTable of Contents JAGlima wile BeNeN ncmsnrceasnnsantsarestseisaevhare item ssaanaaieaeNE Abstract... List of Figures, seventeen . sve Vili Chapter 2 Automation... sve DUD HIStOFY...srnennntnennnsen 2.2 Automation .... 2.3 Advantages of automation ..... 2.4 Disadvantages of automation ....... 5 creat 2.5 Parts of automation... Chapter 3 Programmable logic controller. 3.1 Programmable logic controller. 3.2 PLC (Allen Bradley)... 3.3 Programming language used in a ple 7 esos 12 3.4 Symbols used in ladder logic programming, 13 3.5 Components of PLC........... peoworionroven peovercene eeovercons yoreveornones RB 3.6 Inpuvoutput devi S. 3.7 Hardware overview 3.8 Micro logic 100 Plc... : paammennemes 18 3.9 Benefits... 19 3.10 Programming Of PLC ....o:ssnmnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnsees 20 3.11 Simple Ladder Logic. 3.12 Communication of PLC with PC 3.13 PLC instruction, © scanned with oxen sconer3.14 Timers 3.15 Timers Programming ee . ee 3.16 Counters . 3.17 Counters Programming, 3.18 Commands for Comparison 3.19 Compare Programming. 3.20 PLC Wiring, : : i esi Chapter 4 Supervisory Control and Data acquisition 4,1 SCADA... 4.2 Features of SCADA. 4.3 Potential benefits of SCADA. 4.4 System Concept... . oS 4.5 Application of SCADA 4.6 SCADA Programming, 4.7 Benefits of intouch 4.8 Programming with intouch ... 4.9 Relays...... 2 - 5S 4.10 Results Pictures of Sada ...s.cssensennen Chapter 5 Delta SCADA... 5.1 Delta SCADA wsecseuetsstntninntntnntnisnntnstnsnetnneensnnenstaeeseesees 60) 5.2 Results Pictures of DIE VIEW Sofoware .. 5.3 Contactors . . . ss 62 Chapter 6 Industrial visit 6.1 About Company 6.2 Company ProdUct....conennsennnnsnninnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnsnnnee OA Chapter 7 Case Study... . © scanned with oxen sconer7.1 Case study on PLC Programming. 7.2 Case study on SCADA. 68 Chapter 8 Conclusion xi © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 AUTOMATION CHAPTER: 2 AUTOMATION ef, X OVC Feito ashy Innovation GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 3 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with omen camerProject ID: 201669 AUTOMATION 2.1 HISTORY Control engineering has evolved over time. In the past humans were the main method for controlling a system. More recently electricity has been used for control and early electrical control was based on relays. These relays allow power to be switched on and off without a mechanical switch. It is common to use relays to make simple logical control decisions. The development of low cost computer has brought the most ic Controller (PLC). The advent of the PLC began in the 1970s, and has become the most common choice for manufacturing recent revolution, the Programmable Logi controls. PLCs have been gaining popularity on the factory floor and will probably remain predominant for some time to come, Most of this is because of the advantages they offer. > Cost effective for controlling complex systems. > Flexible and can be reapplied to control other systems quickly and easily. > Computational abilities allow more sophisticated control. > Trouble shooting aids make programming easier and reduce downtime. > Reliable components make these likely to operate for years before failure ‘The term SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. A SCADA system is a common process automation system which is used to gather data from sensors and instruments located at remote sites and to transmit and display this data at a central site for either control or monitoring purposes. The collected data is usually viewed on one or more SCADA Host computers located at the central or master site. GUJARAT TECHNOLOGI 4 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 AUTOMATION 2.2 AUTOMATION Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some processes have been completely automated. ‘The biggest benefit of automation is that it saves labor however, it is also used to save energy and materials and to improve quality, accuracy and precision. The term automation, inspired by the earlier word automatic (coming from automaton), was not widely used before 1947, when General Motors established the automation department. It was during this time that industry was rapidly adopting feedback controllers, which were introduced in the 1930s. Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, Pneumatic, electrical, and electronic and computers, usually in combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes and ships typically use all these combined techniques History of Automation:-In the ancient times people worked by hand. They made every tasks, every works jout any help. Later they began to do some simple (and later more complicated) machines, e.g. Water wheels for lifting water from channels, mills (water and wind mills) for milling coms, ete, They began to use animals to give their force, their power to get work machines, vehicles, etc. In the Sixth century the machines were able to do many tasks. Steam engines gave the mechanical energy to machines, but the man had to control every machine. Control consists of some activities: > Set the appropriate device (modify the setting of fuel valve) GUJARAT TECHNOLOGI 5 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 23 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGI AUTOMATION > Observe the phenomena (speed of machine, pressure of steam, temperature of water, etc.), > compute (decide) the needed activity (growing or reducing the amount of fuel ), Advantages of Automation The main advantages of automation are:- Increased through output or productivity. Improved quality or increased predictability of quality. Improved robustness (consistency), of processes or product. Increased consistency of output. Reduced direct human labor costs and expenses. Disadvantages of Automation The main disadvantages of automation are:- Causing unemployment and poverty by replacing human labor. Security Threats/Vulnerability: An automated system may have a limited level of intelligence, and is therefore more susceptible to committing errors outside of its immediate scope of knowledge (e.g, it is typically unable to apply the rules of simple logic to general propositions). Unpredictable/excessive development costs: The research and development cost of automating a process may exceed the cost saved by the automation itself. High initial cost: The automation of a new product or plant typically requires a very large initial investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product, although the cost of automation may be spread among many products and over time. 6 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject: PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL CHAPTER: 03 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROLER 3.1.1 INTERFACE BETWEEN INPUT AND OUTPUT TOPROCESS THE DESIRED LOGIC Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) _ 2 PC with software for Sensors and actuators of PLC programming. controlled automation equipment. Figure 3.2.1 3.1.1 TYPES OF PLC a) Compact type b) Modular type 1. COMPACT TYPE a) Slots are not available b) VO cannot be varied ©) Also compact in its size 2. MODULAR TYPE a) Slots are available GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY uw (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 3.2 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE USED IN A PLC ‘The Ladder Logic is the most commonly used PLC programming language. 3.2.1 Ladder Diagram (LD) Traditional ladder logic is graphical programming language. Initially programmed with simple contacts that simulated the opening and closing of relays, Ladder Logic programming has been expanded to include such functions as counters, timers, shift registers, and math operations. wot oom BR ¢t@ aa oa HH Figure 3.3.1 3.2.2 FILE TYPE: FILE NO.: SLOT NO. *WORD NO. /BIT No. Le, For Input 1:0.0/0,1:0.0/1 And so on. For Output:~ 00:0.0/0,00:0.0/1 And so on, GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 12 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 3.3 SYMBOLS USED IN LADDER LOGIC PROGRAMMING Figure 3.4 3.4 COMPONENTS OF A PLC 1. Power Supply:- Provides the voltage needed to run the pri 110ac ary PLC components 24vDC, 220vAC, and 2, Communication: The wiring diagram shows the inputs and outputs connected directly (hard wired) to the PLC. The devices shown are on/off or digital in nature but the signal to the PLC is analog. Many commonly used devices conform to a 4-20 mA standard whereby signals of 4mA and 20mA form respectively the minimum and maximum values of an analog signal. With analog devices, a separate cable needs to be run between the end device and the control system because only a single analog signal can be represented on the circuit, The 4-20 mA standard is slowly being replaced by network or fieldbus communications. Fieldbus is a multi-drop digital two- way communication link between intelligent devices. Fieldbus allows the connection of a number of sensors all located in the same area to the same cable. Fieldbus comes in many varieties depending on the manufacturer and application. Examples include ASibus, Provirus, Device net and Modbus. A more recent trend is the development of GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 13 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL Industrial Ethernet which has the capacity to transport large quantities of data not only for process control but also to integrate the process with management information systems. 3. Input Modul > Provides signal conversion and isolation between the internal logic- > Level signals inside the PLC and the field’s high level signal. » The /O interface section of a PLC connects it to external field devices, » The main purpose of the I/O interface is to condition the various signals received from or sent to the external input and output devices. > Input modules converts’ signals from discrete or analog input devices to logic levels acceptable to PLC’s processors. 3.1 Discrete Input: A discrete input also referred as digital input is an input that is either ON or OFF is connected to the PLC digital input. In the ON condition it is referred to as logic 1 or logic high and in the OFF condition may be referred to as logic o or logic low. It can be toggle switch, push button ete 3.2 Analog input?- An analog input is an input signal that has a continuous signal. Typical inputs may vary from 0 to 20mA, 4 to 20mAor 0 to10V. Below, a level transmitter monitors the level of liquid in the tank. Depending on the level TX, the signal to the PLC can either increase or decrease as the level increases or decreases. E.g. temperature and pressure related instruments ete. GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 14 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 4.Output Modules:- Output modules converts signal from the processor to levels capable of driving the connected discrete or analog output devices. 4.1 Analog Output:- An analog output is an output signal that has a continuous signal. Typical outputs may vary from 0 to 20mA, 4 to 20mAor 0 tol OV. 42 Digital Output A discrete output is either in an ON or OFF condition. Solenoids, contactors coils, lamps are example of devices connected to the Discrete or digital outputs. Below, the lamp can be turned ON or OFF by the PLC output it is connected to. 5.Processor: The processor module contains the PLC’s microprocessor, its supporting cireuitry, and its memory system. The main function of the microprocessor is to analyze data coming from field sensors through input modules, make decisions based on the user's defined control program and return signal back through output modules to the field devices, Field sensors: switches, flow, level, pressure, temp. Transmitters, etc, Field output devices: motors, valves, solenoids, lamps, or audible devices. Input ‘Sensor Devieas—a, 4 tsolation aol teolation Programming Device Figure 3.5 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 15 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 3.5 INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES PUTS. > Switches and Pushbuttons > Sensing Devices © Limit Switches * Photoelectric Sensors © Proximity Sensors > Condition Sensors > Encoders © Pressure Switches Level Switches © Temperature Switches © Vacuum Switches Float Switches GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 7 7 v v - ~ v - 16 ‘TPUT! Valves Motor Starters Solenoids Actuators Homs and Alarms Stack lights Control Relays Counter / Totalizer Pumps Printers Fans GOVERNMENT ENGINFERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 3.6 HARDWARE OVERVIEW The Micro Logic 1000 programmable controller is a packaged controller containing a power supply, input circuits, output circuits, and a processor. The controller is available in 10 YO, 16 /O and 32 VO configurations, as well as an analog version with 20 discrete V/O and 5 analog 1/0. The catalog number for the controller is composed of the following: vet L20AWA-5A, fait [Unit VO Count: 20 Figure 3.7.1 ‘The hardware features of the controller are: 7 Input teins 5 ‘de output terminals for not used) EEE] Manet [ =| @ tates © me GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 7 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with omen camerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 3.7 BENEFITS Compact design Let’s the Micro Logic 1000 controller thrive in limited panel space. b. Choice of communication networks An RS-232-C communication port is configurable for: DF1 protocol for direct connection to a programming device or operator interface; DH-485 networking through a 1761-NET- AIC converter; Device Net networking through a 1761- NET-DNI interface; Ethernet/IP networking through a 1761-NET-ENI interface: or for half- A push button wired to an input (addressed as I: 0/4). > An output wired to a pilot light (addressed as O: 0/2). > A timer controlling a light (addressed as T4:3/DN). 3.11.2 X10 (Examine if open): Use the X1O instruction in your ladder program to determine if a bit is OFF. When the instruction is executed, if the bit addressed is off (0), then the instruction is evaluated as true, When the instruction is executed, if the bit addressed is on (1), then the instruction is evaluated as false. GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 26 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL rp O/P 0 1 I 0 Figure 3.13.2 Examples of devices that turn on or off include: * Motor overload normally closed (N.C.) wired to an input (I: 0/10), * An output wired to a pilot light (addressed as (O: 0/4). A timer controlling a light (addressed as T4:3/DN). 3.11.3 OUTPUT ENERGIZE (OTE): Use the OTE instruction in your ladder program to tum on a bit when rung conditions are evaluated as true, An example of a device that turns on or off is an output wired to a pilot light (addressed as O: 0/4). 4} Figure 3.13.3 OTE instructions are reset when: + The SLC enters or returns to the REM Run or REM Test mode or Power is restored + The OTE is programmed within an inactive or false Master Control Reset (MCR) zone. GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 27 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 3.12 TIMERS > Timers are used to perform the timing operations. Time base is the minimum value of time in second that can be taken by the timer. Preset value is the total number of the seconds for which the timing operation hhas to be done Accumulator starts increasing the time in second’s up to the preset value. Up to the preset value of the accumulator the enable bit of timer is high & the timer runs, When accumulator reaches the preset value then the timer stops and the done bit of the timer becomes high. > The timer has following bits and these bits are useful in the operation of timer: > EN-Enable- This bit will high when the input is given to the timer > TT - Timer timing bit - This bit will be high during the timing process. It remains high till accumulator value becomes equal to preset value > DN—Done — This bit will be high when the timing process is ended. It set to high when the accumulator value becomes equal to preset value. > In Micrologix 1000 and 1100 PLC there are three types of timer’s ie. 3.12.1 TYPES OF TIMERS USED:- 1) TON Timer 2) T-OFF Timer 3) _ Retentive timer ON (RTO) 1. TON Timer Use the TON instruction to turn an output on or off after the timer has been on for a preset time interval. The TON instruction begins to count time-base intervals when rung conditions become true. As long as rung conditions remain true, the timer adjusts its accumulated value (ACC) each evaluation until it reaches the preset value GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 28 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL TON Timmer On Delay CEN > Timer T40 Time Base 10 |- Preset 10< Accum O< Figure 3.14.1 (PRE). The accumulated value is reset when rung conditions go false, regardless of whether the timer has timed out 2. T-OFF Timer: Use the TOF instruction to turn an output on or off after its rung has been off for a preset time interval. The TOF instruction begins to count time base intervals when the rung makes a true- to-false transition. As long as rung conditions remain false, the timer increments its accumulated value (ACC) based on the time base for each scan until it reaches the preset value (PRE). The accumulated value is reset when rung conditions go true regardless of whether the timer has timed out. TOF ce Lepw>— — Timer Off Delay Tuner T: Time Base 0.01 Preset 200 Accum 0 Figure 3.14.2 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 29 « JOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR, © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 3. Retentive Timer (RTO): © Use the RTO struction to turn an output on or off after its timer has been on for a preset time interval. The RTO instruction is a retentive instruction that begins to count time base intervals when rung conditions become true. © The RTO instruction retains its accumulated value when any of the following occurs: © Rung conditions become false. © You change processor operation from the REM Run or REM Test mode to the REM Program mode © The processor loses power (provided that battery backup is maintained) «A fault occurs When you return the processor to the REM Run or REM Test mode and/or rung conditions go true, timing continues from the retained accumulated value. By ret ing its accumulated value, retentive timers measure the cumulative period during which rung conditions are true. RTO ~ Retentive ThnerOn CEN} Timer T4] Time Base = 1.0 LODE Preset 400 Accum 0 Figure 3.14.3 GUIARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 30 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 3.13 COUNTERS Counters are used to count the number of operations. Its function is same as the timer accepts that the timer counts the number of seconds and the counter counts the number of operations or pulses, At each operation the value of the accumulator increases and when the value of the accumulator comes to the preset value of the counter then the counter stops. 3.13.1 COUNTER BITS: * TT- Timer timing bit - This bit will be high during the counting process. Itremains high till accumulator value becomes equal to preset value © DN~—Done ~ This bit will be high when the counting process is ended. Itset to high when the accumulator value becomes equal to preset value. 3.13.2 COUNTER UP (CTU) The CTU is an instruction that counts false-to-true rung transitions. Rung transitions can be caused by events occurring in the program (from internal logic or by external field devices) such as parts traveling past a detector or actuating a limit switch. When rung conditions for a CTU instruction have made a false-to-true transition, the accumulated value is incremented by one count, provided that the rung containing the CTU instruction is evaluated between these transitions. The ability of the counter to detect false-to-true transitions depends on the speed (frequency) of the incoming signal. The accumulated value is retained when the rung conditions again become false ‘The accumulated count is retained until cleared by a reset (RES) instruction that has the same address as the counter reset, CTU — Count Up L-¢cu}— Counter C50 Preset 10 CDN — Accum 0 Figure 3.16 GUIARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 32 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 3.14 COMMAND FOR COMPARISON 3.14.1 EQU (EQUAL TO) EQU Equal Source A B32 0000000000000000 Source B N74 0 Figure 3.18.1 This input instruction is true when source A becomes equal to source B. ‘The EQU instruction compares two user specified values if values are ‘equal, it allows rung continuity. The rung goes true and output energies. 3.14.2 GEQ (GREATER THAN EQUAL TO) [-——SGEQ 4 Getty Than or Eql (A>=B) Source A B22:0 '9000000000000000 Source B| 1000 1000 Figure 3.18.2 ‘The instruction compares two values and will be high when the counted value becomes equal to or greater than the fixed value and will energize everything that is connected next to it. 3.14.3 LEQ(LESS THAN EQUAL TO) LEQ — Less Than or Eql (A<=B) |-— Source A —C5.0.ACC O< Source B 5 S< Figure 3.18.3 This instruction compares two values and will be high when the counted value becomes equal to or less than the fixed value and will energize everything that is connected next to it GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 35, (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 3.14.4 GRT (GREATER THAN) RT Greater Than (A>B) Source A N7:16 o Source B 1000 1000 Figure 3.18.4 Use of the GRT instruction to test whether one value (source A) is greater than another (source B). If the value at source A is greater than the value at source B, the instruction is logically true. If the value at source A is less than or equal to the value at source B, the instruction is logically false. Source A must be an address. Source B can either be a program constant or an address. Negative integers are stored in two's complement form. 3.14.5 LES (LESS THAN) LES | Less Than(A — Every SCADA Software has various levels of security for securing the application by avoiding unauthorized access. > Depending upon the access level given the operator / engineers is allowedto do the task. In the most of the case, operators are allowed only to operate the plant while maintenance engineers can do the application modification. > The security can be given for individuals as well as for groups. Figure 4.2.35 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 48 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scannedth omen ScannerProject ID: 201669 SCADA 4.2.5 DEVICE CONNECTIVITY 1. Every Control hardware has its own communication protocol for communicating with different hardware / software. Some of the leading communication protocol include Modbus, Profibus, Ethernet, Dh+, DH 485, Device net, and Control net, 2. The Scada Software needs device driver software for communication with PLC or other control hardware. 3. More the driver software available better is the device connectivity. Mostof the SCADA software used in the industry have connectivity with mostof the leading control system. 4.2.6 DATABASE CONNECTIVITY 1. In many plants, it is important to download the real-time information to the Management information system. In this case the database connectivity is must. 2. Many SCADA software don’t have their own database. Hence for storage and reporting they use third party database like MS Access or SQL. 4.2.7 SCRIPTS 1. Script is a way of writing logic in SCADA software, every SCADA soft-ware has its own instruction and way of writing programed. 2. Use scripts, one can develop complex applications. You can create your own functions to suit the requirement. Execution. 3. Various types of scripts make project execution simpler for programmer. GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 49 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 SCADA 4.33 POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF SCADA ‘The benefits one can expect from adopting a SCADA system for the control ofexperimental physics facilities can be summarized as follows: 1. The amount of specific development that needs to be performed by the end- user is limited, especially with suitable engineering. 2. Reliability and robustness: These systems are used for mission critical industrial processes where reliability and performance are paramount.In addition, specific development is performed within a well-established framework that enhances reliability and robustness. 3. Technical support and maintenance by the vendor. GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 50 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 SCADA 4.4 APPLICATION OF SCADA > Industrial automation > Electric power generation, transmission and distribution, > Water management > Manufacturing GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 51 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 SCADA 4.5 SCADA PROGRAMMING. The SCADA system used by us is SCADA Intouch Wonder. This SCADA system is created by Wonder Ware. It has variety of commands, tool library and many other features required for programming. Itis an integrated, component-based software for monitoring and controlling automation machines and processes. > Open its graphic displays as OLE containers for ActiveX® controls — with thousands of third-party ActiveX controls to choose from, you can drop ready-made solutions right into your projects w] Develop an object model to expose portions of its core functionality, allowing it to interoperate easily with other component-based software products ¥ Support OPC standards as both a server and a client for fast, reliable communications with a wide variety of hardware devices GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 52 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 SCADA, 4.6 PROGRAMMING WITH INTOUCH > Double click on “in touch” icon and a window will appear named in touch Appl ition Manager’ > Create a ‘New’ application. > Then give a specific name to it. Figure 48.1 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 53, (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with omen camerProject ID: 201669 SCADA, 1. Now open that application. 2A window is appeared as:- Figure 4.8.2 3. Select windows properties and click OK 4. At the right most comer of this software the project window will appear. In this window there are all the options related to our project in the SCADA. Like system, graphics, alarms, buttons, data logs, logic & control ete. GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 54 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned with omen camerProject ID: 201669 SCADA 4.7 RELAYS A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts. It was invented by Joseph Henry in 1835, RELAYS N.O. Nc. | { | a leases Bel lero coil at rest (no voltage) coll at rest (no voltage) sons sat oaks | | Losec Li bare Nias, La] |erortor [Sea | mse catmaee: © jen aad GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY © scanned with oxen sconerProject ID: 201669 CONCLUSION CONCLUSION With the speed of changing technology today it is easy to lose sight or knowledge of the basic theory or operation of programmable logic. Most people simply use the hardware to produce the results they desire. Hopefully, this report has given the reader a deeper insight into the inner workings of programmable logic and its role in mechanical operations. The idea of programmable logic is very simple to understand, but it is the complex programs that run in the ladder diagrams that make them difficult for the common user to fully understand. Hopefully this has alleviated some of that confusion. SCADA is used for the constructive working, using a SCADA system for control ensures common framework not only for the development of the specific applications but also for operating the detectors. Operators experience the same “look and feel” whatever part of the experiment they control. However, this aspect also depends to a significant extent on proper engineering. (GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 37 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned wth onENScmnerProject ID: 201669 REFFRENCE REFERENCE WWW.SOFCONTRAINING.COM WWW INSTRUMENTENTION IN /BASICPLCLADDERTRAINNING WWW.ACEDEMIA.IN HTTPS://WWW.RESEARCHGATE.NET eee ‘> A MANNUAL OF “ INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION TAINING” BY SOFCON GROUP ‘> TRAINING REPORT ON PLC SCADA AND AUTOMATION BY VIKASH RAJAN (JAIPUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE) PLC & SCADA, a Case Study: -Autoclave Automation January 2008 Conference: PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE-PSACO-2008, 13-15th MARCH 2008, ANDHRA UNIVERSITY, VISAKHAPATNAM, AP, INDIA Authors: PKADAM “ WWW.PLASMAINDUCTION.COM (GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 58 (GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE PALANPUR © scanned wth onENScmner