SWDRP0LA
SWDRP0LA
Loan Agreement
between
and
1.01. The General Conditions (as defined in the Appendix to this Agreement)
constitute an integral part of this Agreement.
1.02. Unless the context requires otherwise, the capitalized terms used in this
Agreement have the meanings ascribed to them in the General Conditions or in
the Appendix to this Agreement.
ARTICLE II — LOAN
2.01. The Bank agrees to lend to the Borrower, on the terms and conditions set forth or
referred to in this Agreement, the amount of four hundred and five million
Dollars ($405,000,000) as such amount may be converted from time to time
through a Currency Conversion in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.07
of this Agreement (“Loan”), to assist in financing the project described in
Schedule 1 to this Agreement (“the Project”).
2.02. The Borrower may withdraw the proceeds of the Loan in accordance with Section
IV of Schedule 2 to this Agreement.
2.03. The Front-end Fee payable by the Borrower shall be equal to one quarter of one
percent (0.25%) of the Loan amount.
2.04. The interest payable by the Borrower for each Interest Period shall be at a rate equal
to LIBOR for the Loan Currency plus the Variable Spread provided, that upon a
Conversion of all or any portion of the principal amount of the Loan, the interest
payable by the Borrower during the Conversion Period on such amount shall be
determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article IV of the
General Conditions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any amount of the
Withdrawn Loan Balance remains unpaid when due and such non-payment
continues for a period of thirty (30) days, then the interest payable by the
Borrower shall instead be calculated as provided in Section 3.02(d) of the
General Conditions.
2.05. The Payment Dates are April 1 and October 1 in each year.
2.06. The principal amount of the Loan shall be repaid in accordance with the
amortization schedule set forth in Schedule 3 to this Agreement.
2.07. (a) The Borrower may at any time request any of the following Conversions
of the terms of the Loan in order to facilitate prudent debt management:
(i) a change of the Loan Currency of all or any portion of the principal
amount of the Loan, withdrawn or unwithdrawn, to an Approved
Currency; (ii) a change of the interest rate basis applicable to all or any
portion of the principal amount of the Loan withdrawn and outstanding
from a Variable Rate to a Fixed Rate, or vice versa; and (iii) the setting
of limits on the Variable Rate applicable to all or any portion of the
principal amount of the Loan withdrawn and outstanding by the
establishment of an Interest Rate Cap or Interest Rate Collar on the
Variable Rate.
(b) Any conversion requested pursuant to paragraph (a) of this Section that
is accepted by the Bank shall be considered a “Conversion”, as defined
in the General Conditions, and shall be effected in accordance with the
provisions of Article IV of the General Conditions and of the Conversion
Guidelines.
(c) Promptly following the Execution Date for an Interest Rate Cap or
Interest Rate Collar for which the Borrower has requested that the
premium be paid out of the proceeds of the Loan, the Bank shall, on
behalf of the Borrower, withdraw from the Loan Account and pay to
itself the amounts required to pay any premium payable in accordance
with Section 4.05(c) of the General Conditions up to the amount
allocated from time to time for the purpose in the table in Section IV of
Schedule 2 to this Agreement.
3.01. The Borrower declares its commitment to the objectives of the Project. To this
end, the Borrower shall carry out the Project through DSWD in accordance with
the provisions of Article V of the General Conditions.
3.02. Without limitation upon the provisions of Section 3.01 of this Agreement, and
except as the Borrower and the Bank shall otherwise agree, the Borrower shall
ensure that the Project is carried out in accordance with the provisions of
Schedule 2 to this Agreement.
ARTICLE IV — REMEDIES OF THE BANK
4.01. The additional event under Section 7.02(m) of the General Conditions consists of
the following:
5.01. The Effectiveness Deadline is the date ninety (90) days after the date of this
Agreement.
Department of Finance
Department of Finance Building
Bangko Sentral Complex
Roxas Blvd.
Manila, Philippines
Facsimile:
(63-2) 523-9216
Authorized Representative
Authorized Representative
SCHEDULE 1
Project Description
(a) Carrying out of household poverty assessments for approximately 8.3 million
households, including collection, supervision, processing, and estimation of
proxy means test data, and issuing of identification cards to households that meet
the poverty criteria as established by the Borrower and set out in the Operations
Manual for part 1 of the Project.
(a) Provision by the Borrower of CCT Grants under the CCT Program to
Beneficiaries in order to enable them to access health and/or education services
under the terms and conditions set out in the Operations Manual for Part 2 of the
Project.
(c) Enhancing the capacity of DSWD to monitor and evaluate Part 2(a) of the Project
through the design and implementation of: (i) a spot check system to ensure that
the CCT Program is functioning as provided for in the Operations Manual for
Part 2 of the Project; (ii) a methodologically rigorous impact evaluation system;
and (iii) a system for regular monitoring.
Part 3: Building Institutional Capacity to Lead in Social Protection
(a) Enhancing the capacity of DSWD in policy and strategy formulation through
development and advocacy of key national social protection policies.
(b) Enhancing the capacity of DSWD in: (i) setting up knowledge management and
learning development networks, (ii) carrying out social marketing activities for
the Project; and (iii) financial management, in each case through the provision of
technical assistance and training.
(c) Enhancing the capacity of DSWD to monitor and evaluate key social protection
programs and policies through the provision of technical assistance and training.
SCHEDULE 2
Project Execution
A. Institutional Arrangements.
1. For the purposes of overall management and oversight and coordination of the
Project, the Borrower shall maintain for the duration of the Project an Executive
Committee within DSWD with oversight responsibility for the Project which shall be
chaired by the Secretary of DSWD and have composition, and terms of reference
satisfactory to the Bank.
2. For the purposes of Part 2 of the Project, the Borrower shall maintain:
3. For the purposes of carrying out the Project, the Borrower shall maintain within
DSWD for the duration of the Project:
1. (a) The Borrower shall carry out the Project in accordance with Indigenous
Peoples Participation Framework, the Project Implementation Plan and the Operations
Manuals. The Operations Manual for Part 2 of the Project shall contain, inter alia:
(i) the eligibility criteria and detailed rules, for the identification,
registration and selection of Beneficiaries under Part 2(a) of the
Project;
(b) Except as the Bank shall otherwise agree, the Borrower shall not amend,
waive or fail to enforce the Indigenous Peoples Participation Framework, the Project
Implementation Plan or the Operations Manuals, or any provision thereof. In case of any
conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and those of the Indigenous Peoples
Participation Framework, the Project Implementation Plan or the Operations Manuals, the
provisions of this Agreement shall prevail.
2. For the purpose of carrying out Part 2(a) of the Project, the Borrower, through
DSWD, shall: (a) enter into a Memorandum of Agreement with each Participating LGU
under terms and conditions acceptable to the Bank and consistent with those in this
Agreement and in the Operations Manuals; (b) except as the Bank shall otherwise agree,
not assign, amend, or waive any MOA or any provision thereof which may materially or
adversely affect the satisfactory implementation of the Project; (c) except as the Bank
shall otherwise agree, not abrogate or fail to enforce any MOA or any provision thereof;
and (d) if the event described in Section 7.02(c) of the General Conditions arises in
connection with the implementation of the Project by any representative of a Participating
LGU, address such situation in a manner satisfactory to the Bank. If any event set out in
clauses (b), (c), or (d) of this paragraph occurs, the Bank may, without limitation to any
other rights, declare the relevant Participating LGU to be ineligible for participation in
the Project.
3. The Borrower shall not later than January 31 and July 31 in each year,
commencing July 31, 2010, and until July 31, 2012, and thereafter, not later than July 31
in each year, commencing July 31, 2013, carry out spot checks under terms of reference
and with a minimum coverage satisfactory to the Bank, to verify:
(a) that Beneficiaries receiving grants under Part 2(a) of the Project meet the
eligibility criteria set out in the Operations Manual for Part 2 of the
Project; and
(b) that Beneficiaries receiving grants under Part 2(a) of the Project are
complying with the requirements of the CCT Program and in particular
those set out in the Operations Manual for Part 2 of the Project.
4. The Borrower shall by April 30, 2010, appoint an independent third party having
qualifications and terms of reference acceptable to the Bank and in accordance with the
provisions of Section III of this Schedule to conduct the spot checks referred to in the
preceding Paragraph.
5. The Borrower through DSWD, shall, no later than six (6) months after the
Effective Date of this Agreement, engage or cause to be engaged the services of reputable
audit consultants, having qualifications and terms of reference acceptable to the Bank, to
assist in strengthening the internal control systems of DSWD, including its internal audit
unit.
6. The Borrower shall no later than five (5) months after the Effective Date: (i) fill
the Operations Audit Division Head position in IAS for the purposes of Part 3(c) of the
Project, and (ii) establish a dedicated financial management group for the Project,
including hiring a financial management officer and other key financial management
staff.
C. Anti-Corruption
The Borrower shall ensure that the Project is carried out in accordance with the
provisions of the Anti-Corruption Guidelines.
1. Eligibility Criteria
Except as the Bank shall otherwise agree, a CCT Grant shall be made only to the
Beneficiaries who satisfy the eligibility criteria set forth in the Operations Manual for
Part 2 of the Project, which shall include, inter alia, that any of the spot checks carried
out in accordance with Paragraph B.3 of this Section I have not identified such CCT
Grant as being ineligible.
2. Terms and Conditions for Providing CCT Grants for Health Services
(a) the Beneficiary shall be a household residing in the Project Area with
one or more children less than fifteen (15) years old or a pregnant
woman;
(b) the amount of the CCT Grant shall be up to Php 500 (approximately $11
equivalent) per month per household irrespective of the number of
children in the household;
(c) all children 0-5 years old in the household must attend a health center or
rural health unit to get the services according to their age, as established
by the Department of Health;
(d) pregnant women must attend a health center or rural health unit
according to DOH protocol;
(e) all selected children 6-14 years old in the household must comply with
the de-worming protocol in school;
(f) for households with children 0-14 years old the household grantee and/or
spouse shall attend family development sessions at least once a month;
and
(g) such CCT Grants, if eligible, shall be financed out of the proceeds of the
Loan upon the establishment and operationalization of a compliance
verification system linked to payments as set out in the Operations
Manual and satisfactory to the Bank.
3. Terms and Conditions for Providing CCT Grants for Education Services
(a) The Beneficiary shall be a household living in the Project Area with
children in the age groups of 3-5 and/or 6-14 years old.
(b) The amount of the CCT Grant shall be up to PhP 300 (approximately $6
equivalent) per child per month (for a period of 10 months/year), up to a
maximum of 3 children.
(c) Beneficiary households will receive payments under the CCT Grant:
(i) for selected children between 6-14 years old so long as they are
enrolled in primary and secondary school and maintain a class attendance
rate of 85% every month; and (ii) for selected children between 3-5 years
old so long as they are enrolled in day care centers and maintain an
attendance rate of 85 % every month, provided, however, that a CCT
Grant under this category shall not be eligible for financing out of the
proceeds of the Loan until such time as agreed to by the Bank.
(d) Such CCT Grants, if eligible, shall be financed out of the proceeds of the
Loan until June 30, 2010 or such later date as the Bank may agree based
on the existing manual monitoring system at the school level and
thereafter such grants shall be financed upon the establishment and
operationalization of a compliance verification system linked to
payments as set out in the Operations Manual and satisfactory to the
Bank.
A. Project Reports
1. (a) The Borrower shall monitor and evaluate the progress of the Project and
prepare Project Reports in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.08 of the
General Conditions and on the basis of indicators set out in Attachment 1 to this
Schedule 2. Each Project Report shall cover the period of one (1) calendar
semester, and shall be furnished to the Bank not later than one (1) month after the
end of the period covered by such report.
2. The Borrower shall (a) prepare and submit to the Bank for review and comment,
by no later than 24 months after the Effective Date (or such later date as the Bank
and the Borrower may otherwise agree in writing), a draft mid-term review
incorporating the results of each Project Report; and (b) by no later than twelve
(12) weeks thereafter (or such later date as the Bank and the Borrower may
otherwise agree), submit to the Bank a final mid-term review having taken into
account the comments provided by the Bank on mid-term review.
3. For purposes of Section 5.08(c) of the General Conditions, the report on the
execution of the Project and related plan required pursuant to that Section shall
be furnished to the Bank not later than four (4) months after the closing date.
3. The Borrower shall have its Financial Statements audited in accordance with the
provisions of Section 5.09(b) of the General Conditions. Each audit of the
Financial Statements shall cover the period of one (1) fiscal year of the
Borrower. The audited Financial Statements for each such period shall be
furnished to the Bank not later than six (6) months after the end of such period.
4. The Borrower shall, no later than sixty (60) days after the end of each calendar
semester, commencing with the second semester after the date of this
Agreement, submit to the Bank an internal audit report covering the Project.
A. General
1. Goods. All goods required for the Project and to be financed out of the proceeds
of the Loan shall be procured in accordance with the requirements set forth or
referred to in Section I of the Procurement Guidelines, and with the provisions of
this Section.
2. Consultants’ Services. All consultants’ services required for the Project and to
be financed out of the proceeds of the Loan shall be procured in accordance with
the requirements set forth or referred to in Sections I and IV of the Consultant
Guidelines and with the provisions of this Section.
Procurement Method
The Procurement Plan shall set forth those contracts which shall be subject to the Bank’s
Prior Review. All other contracts shall be subject to Post Review by the Bank.
A. General
1. The Borrower may withdraw the proceeds of the Loan in accordance with the
provisions of Article II of the General Conditions, this Section, and such
additional instructions as the Bank shall specify by notice to the Borrower
(including the “World Bank Disbursement Guidelines for Projects” dated May
2006, as revised from time to time by the Bank and as made applicable to this
Agreement pursuant to such instructions), to finance Eligible Expenditures as set
forth in the table in paragraph 2 below.
2. The following table specifies the categories of Eligible Expenditures that may be
financed out of the proceeds of the Loan (“Category”), the allocation of the
amounts of the Loan to each Category, and the percentage of expenditures to be
financed for Eligible Expenditures in each Category.
To strengthen the effectiveness Share of all poor households Yr1-Yr2 - Assess progress in
of DSWD as a social protection registered in the National building national database of
agency to efficiently implement Household Targeting System for poor households.
the Pantawid Pamilyang Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR).1
Pilipino Program (the CCT Share of children 6-14 years old in Yr1-Yr5 – Measure the
Program) and to expand an poor beneficiary households achievement of the POIs and
efficient and functional National attending school at least 85% of assess effectiveness of
Household Targeting System of the time. targeting system for CCT
social protection programs. program.
Share of children 0-5 years old
undergoing growth monitoring and
check-ups in accordance with
DOH protocol
Part 1 of the Project At least 2 major national programs Assess whether the NHTS-PR
using the NHTS-PR for selecting is being used by national
their beneficiaries. agencies to target poor
households.
A targeting system to select
poor households implemented
and functioning efficiently.
1
Based on baseline of poor households in the latest official household data of 2006 (4.7 million
poor households total).
Intermediate Outcomes Intermediate Outcome Indicators Use of Intermediate Outcome
Monitoring
MIS designed and in operation Assess whether the IT
including integrated data entry infrastructure software and
application, proxy means test data hardware is being developed
processing and management, and to support the NHTS-PR.
sharing capabilities properly
functioning.
Part 2 of the Project MIS developed and functioning to Assess the MIS performance
support payments, verification,
updates and grievance system.
CCT program implemented and Share of beneficiary households Assess pace of project
functioning efficiently. receiving CCT Grants regularly implementation.
and on time.
The procedures to be followed for National Competitive Bidding shall be those set out in
the Borrower’s Government Procurement Reform Act (Republic Act No. 9184)
(hereinafter referred to as the Procurement Law) with the following clarifications or
modifications required for compliance with the Procurement Guidelines:
1. Eligibility screening shall not be applied. However, bids that do not contain any
of the following documents will not pass the documentary compliance check:
(a) evidence of the required financial, technical or production capability; (b) audited
financial statements; (c) credit line or cash deposit certificate; (d) bid security; and
(e) authority of the bid signatory.
2. A ceiling may be applied to bid prices provided the following conditions are met:
(a) Bidding documents are obtainable free of charge on a freely accessible website;
(b) The agency has procedures in place to ensure that the ABC 2 is based on Engineer’s
Estimate; (c) The agency has trained cost estimators on estimating prices and analyzing
bid variance; (d) the agency has established a system to monitor and report bid prices
relative to ABC and Engineer’s estimate.
6. For works contract, the experience qualification requirement shall be: (a) at least
one previous contract at 80% of the estimated cost of the contract being procured; and
(b) an annual turnover from all works averaged over the last three years equal to 100% of
the estimated cost of the contract being procured.
2
As defined in the Procurement Law
7. Alternative procurement methods defined in the implementing rules and
regulations such as Limited Source Bidding, Direct Contracting and Shopping are
acceptable. The use of the other alternative methods will require prior Bank concurrence.
Amortization Schedule
1. The following table sets forth the Principal Payment Dates of the Loan and the
percentage of the total principal amount of the Loan payable on each Principal
Payment Date (“Installment Share”). If the proceeds of the Loan have been fully
withdrawn as of the first Principal Payment Date, the principal amount of the
Loan repayable by the Borrower on each Principal Payment Date shall be
determined by the Bank by multiplying: (a) Withdrawn Loan Balance as of the
first Principal Payment Date; by (b) the Installment Share for each Principal
Payment Date, such repayable amount to be adjusted, as necessary, to deduct any
amounts referred to in paragraph 4 of this Schedule, to which a Currency
Conversion applies.
2. If the proceeds of the Loan have not been fully withdrawn as of the first Principal
Payment Date, the principal amount of the Loan repayable by the Borrower on
each Principal Payment Date shall be determined as follows:
(a) To the extent that any proceeds of the Loan have been withdrawn as of
the first Principal Payment Date, the Borrower shall repay the
Withdrawn Loan Balance as of such date in accordance with paragraph 1
of this Schedule.
(b) Any amount withdrawn after the first Principal Payment Date shall be
repaid on each Principal Payment Date falling after the date of such
withdrawal in amounts determined by the Bank by multiplying the
amount of each such withdrawal by a fraction, the numerator of which is
the original Installment Share specified in the table in paragraph 1 of this
Schedule for said Principal Payment Date (“Original Installment Share”)
and the denominator of which is the sum of all remaining Original
Installment Shares for Principal Payment Dates falling on or after such
date, such amounts repayable to be adjusted, as necessary, to deduct any
amounts referred to in paragraph 4 of this Schedule, to which a Currency
Conversion applies.
3. (a) Amounts of the Loan withdrawn within two (2) calendar months prior to
any Principal Payment Date shall, for the purposes solely of calculating
the principal amounts payable on any Principal Payment Date, be treated
as withdrawn and outstanding on the second Principal Payment Date
following the date of withdrawal and shall be repayable on each
Principal Payment Date commencing with the second Principal Payment
Date following the date of withdrawal.
Section I. Definitions
2. “Beneficiary” means a household eligible to receive a grant under Part 2(a) of the
Project.
4. “Conditional Cash Transfer Grant” and “CCT Grant” mean any of the grants to
be provided under Part 2(a) of the Project.
5. “Conditional Cash Transfer Program” and “CCT Program” mean the Borrower’s
program for the assistance of poor families through the provision of cash
transfers conditional on compliance with the conditions referred to in the Legal
Framework and the Operations Manual for Part 2 of the Project and otherwise
known as the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.
10. “IAS” means the Internal Audit Services unit in DSWD, or any successor thereto.
11. “Incremental operating costs” means the operating costs incurred by DSWD on
account of the implementation of Project, including maintenance of vehicles,
fuel, equipment, office supplies, utilities, consumables, advertising expenses,
printing of materials, travel per diems, and accommodation, but excluding
salaries of the Borrower’s civil servants.
12. “Indigenous Peoples Participation Framework” means the framework set out in
the Indigenous Peoples Participation Framework document dated January 27,
2009 provided by the Borrower to the Bank.
13. “Legal Framework” means the framework of the Borrower establishing the CCT
Program and comprising among others the following: (a) Memorandum Circular
No. 09, Series of 2007, for Creating the Ahon Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(AAP) National Advisory Committees and Defining their Roles and
Responsibilities; (b) Administrative Order No. 16, Series of 2008, for Guidelines
on the Implementation of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps); (c) Joint
Memorandum Circular No. 01, Series of 2009, for Defining the Institutional
Arrangements for the Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation of the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), as may be revised from time to
time.
15. “LGUs” means Local Government Units which are political subdivisions of the
Borrower at the provincial, city, municipal or barangay level, and “LGU” means
any such Local Government Unit.
16. “Memorandum of Agreement” and “MOA” means the Agreement entered into or
to be entered into by the Borrower through DSWD and the Participating LGU in
accordance with the Operations Manual for the purpose of implementing the
Program as referred to in Paragraph B.2 of Section I of Schedule 2 to this
Agreement.
18. “National Project Management Office-CCT” and “NPMO-CCT” mean the office
to be maintained by the Borrower in DSWD to carry out Part 2 of the Project, as
provided for in Paragraph A.3(b) of Section 1 of Schedule 2 to this Agreement.
20. “Operations Manual for Part 1 of the Project” means the manual dated August.
28, 2009 duly adopted by the Borrower and found acceptable by the Bank as
such manual may be revised from time to time in agreement with the Bank.
21. “Operations Manual for Part 2 of the Project” means the manual dated September
24, 2009 duly adopted by the Borrower and found acceptable by the Bank as
such manual may be revised from time to time in agreement with the Bank.
22. “Operations Manuals” means, collectively, the Operations Manual for Part 1 of
the Project and the Operations Manual for Part 2 of the Project, and referred to in
Section I.B.1 of Schedule 2 to this Agreement.
23. “Participating LGUs” means the LGUs at the city or municipal level selected in
accordance with the policies and procedures set forth in the Operations Manual to
participate in the CCT Program.
25. “Procurement Law” means the Borrower’s Government Procurement Reform Act
(Republic Act No. 9184).
26. “Procurement Plan” means the Borrower’s procurement plan for the Project,
dated July 10, 2009 and referred to in paragraph 1.16 of the Procurement
Guidelines and paragraph 1.24 of the Consultant Guidelines, as the same shall be
updated from time to time in accordance with the provisions of said paragraphs.
27. “Project Area” means the 160 municipalities of the Borrower listed in the Project
Implementation Plan selected by the Borrower in which the Project will be
carried out as such list may be revised from time to time with the prior approval
of the Bank.
28. “Project Implementation Plan” and “PIP” mean the plan for the implementation
of the Project dated July 10, 2009 adopted by the Borrower and found acceptable
by the Bank, as such plan may be revised from time to time with the prior
approval of the Bank.
(a) If the Loan Agreement provides for the repayment out of the
proceeds of the Loan of an advance made by the Bank or the Association
(“Preparation Advance”), the Bank shall, on behalf of such Loan Party, withdraw
from the Loan Account on or after the Effective Date the amount required to
repay the withdrawn and outstanding balance of the advance as at the date of
such withdrawal from the Loan Account and to pay all accrued and unpaid
charges, if any, on the advance as at such date. The Bank shall pay the amount
so withdrawn to itself or the Association, as the case may be, and shall cancel the
remaining unwithdrawn amount of the advance.”
... (l) Ineligibility. The Bank or the Association has declared the Borrower
(other than the Member Country) or the Project Implementing Entity ineligible to
receive proceeds of any financing made by the Bank or the Association or
otherwise to participate in the preparation or implementation of any project
financed in whole or in part by the Bank or the Association, as a result of a
determination by the Bank or the Association that the Borrower or the Project
Implementing Entity has engaged in fraudulent, corrupt, coercive or collusive
practices in connection with the use of the proceeds of any financing made by the
Bank or the Association.”
3. The following terms and definitions set forth in the Appendix are modified or
deleted as follows, and the following new terms and definitions are added in
alphabetical order to the Appendix as follows, with the terms being renumbered
accordingly:
(c) The definition of the term “Variable Rate” is modified, in relevant part,
to read as follows:
“(c) upon a Currency Conversion to an Approved Currency of an
amount of the Withdrawn Loan Balance that accrues interest at a variable
rate during the Conversion Period, the variable rate of interest applicable
to such amount shall be equal to either: (i) the sum of: (A) LIBOR, or
such other base rate as may be agreed by the Borrower and the Bank, for
the Approved Currency; plus (B) the spread to LIBOR or to such other
base rate, if any, payable by the Bank under the Currency Hedge
Transaction relating to said Currency Conversion; or (ii) if the Bank so
determines in accordance with the Conversion Guidelines, the interest
rate component of the Screen Rate.”