OPTHALMOLOGY IMPORTANT TOPICS PLUS PYQs (AKU, Bihar)

3rd Professional M.B.B.S. Part-I (2019-Batch onwards)

EYE
(Paper Code):- 201091 (N)
(Total Marks - 100 marks)
Shall contain questions from the following topics:-
1) Common problems affecting the Eye.
2) Principle of management of major Ophthalmic Emergencies
3) Main systemic diseases affecting the Eye
4) Effect of local & Systemic diseases on patient's vision and necessary action required to
minimize the effect of such diseases.
5) Adverse drug reaction with ophthalmic manifestations.
6) Magnitude of Blindness in India and its main causes
7) National programme for control of blind ness and its implementations.
8) Eye care education for prevention of Eye problems
9) Role of Primary Health Centres in Organization of Eye campus.
10) Organization of Primary Health Care and the functioning of Ophthalmic Assistants.
11) Integration of National programme for control of Blindness with other national
programmes
12) Eye Bank Organization.
13) Refractive Errors.

By Syed Shahlal Hasan (2020 Batch, ANMMCH, Gaya) 1

 OPTHALMOLOGY IMPORTANT TOPICS PLUS PYQs (AKU, Bihar)
Tentative Syllabus (Theory):-
Time : 3 hours. Full Marks: 40
1. Anatomy, Physiology & Refraction
2. Diseases of The Conjunctiva
3. Diseases of the Cornea & Sclera
4. Diseases of the Uveal Tract
5. The Lens
6. The Glaucoma
7. Diseases of the Retina
8. Diseases of the Vitreous
9. Intraocular Tumours
10. Diseases of the Lids
11. Diseases of the Lacrimal Apparatus & Orbit
12. Neuro-Ophthalmology & Ocular Mobility
13. Ocular Injuries, Systemic & Community Ophthalmology

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & REFRACTION

i. Presbyopia [2012,13]
ii. Astigmatism
iii. Strum's Conoid
iv. Myopia
v. Pathological Myopia (2012, 16, 21)
vi. Aphakia
vii. Describe the c/f complications & management of Aphakia [2012]
viii. Hypermetropia (2014)
ix. Facultative hypermetropia (2019)
x. Latent hypermetropia
xi. Prism

CONJUNCTIVA

i. Vernal (Spring Catarrh) Conjunctivitis [2015, 17]

ii. Phlyctenular Conjunctivitis [2012]
iii. Viral Conjunctivitis
iv. Aetiological classification of conjunctivitis. Describe sign, symptoms & treatment of Vernal Conjunctivitis
v. Difference b/w membranous & pseudomembranous conjunctivitis
vi. Describe etiology, c/f and management of membranous conjunctivitis
vii. Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis
viii. Discuss sign, symptoms, complications and T/t of Acute Purulent Conjunctivitis
ix. Ophthalmia Neonatorum
x. Pterygium & it’s management [2013, 14, 17]
xi. Pinguecula
xii. Pseudopterygium
xiii. What is Trachoma? Describe c/t, stages, aetiology. classification, sequelae, T/t and complications
xiv. Trachoma. Discuss etiopathogenesis, c/f, differential diagnosis and management. How it is important in community
ophthalmology?
xv. Pannus
xvi. Herbert's Pits
xvii. Differentiate Phlyctenular Conjunctivitis & Nodular Episcleritis
xviii. Nodular Episcleritis (2016)
xix. Conjunctival follicles (2016)

CORNEA & SCLERA

i. Keratic Precipitates (KP's) [2011,12,13, 16)

ii. Hypopyon
iii. Describe aetiology, c/t & management of Hypopyon Corneal Ulcer
iv. Discuss pathology, c/f, investigations and management of Corneal Ulcer

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 OPTHALMOLOGY IMPORTANT TOPICS PLUS PYQs (AKU, Bihar)
v. Bacterial Corneal Ulcer. Discuss sign, symptoms. complications and management (2017)
vi. T/t of Uncomplicated Bacterial corneal ulcer
vii. Keratitis
viii. Fungal Keratitis or Keratomycosis Disciform Keratitis, Viral keratitis, Herpes Simplex Keratitis, Neuroparalytic Keratitis
ix. Discuss etiopathogenesis of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
x. Herpetic Corneal Ulcer
xi. Cauterization of corneal ulcer
xii. Keratoconus (Conical Cornea) (2014)
xiii. Dendritic Corneal Ulcer (Herpes Simplex Virus) (2017 S)
xiv. Describe anatomy of Cornea. Describe how cornea maintain its transparency?
xv. Layers of Cornea (2017)
xvi. Episcleritis
xvii. Staphyloma
xviii. Fungal Corneal Ulcer (2018)
xix. Viral Corneal Ulcer (2021)

UVEAL TRACT

i. Classify Uveitis.Discuss c/t and T/t of Anterior Uveitis (Iridocyclitis)

ii. Describe in brief,the symptoms,signs and management of patient with Acute Iridocyclitis [2015]
iii. Acute anterior uveitis (2014)
iv. Describe c/t and T/t of acute anterior uveitis
v. Management of Acute Iridocyclitis
vi. Keratic Precipitates [2013]
vii. Chronic Iridocyclitis
viii. Nongranulomatous Iridocyclitis
ix. Hypertensive Uveitis
x. What is Panophthalmitis? How it differs fro Endophthalmitis? Describe etiology, c/f, complications a T/t of
Panophthalmitis
xi. Sign of Endophthalmitis
xii. Rubeosis Iridis
xiii. Sympathetic Ophthalmia (SO) or Sympathetic Uveitis (Bilateral diffuse granulomatous uveitis) [2012]
xiv. Ciliary body
xv. Causes of ciliary congestion
xvi. Phthisis bulbi
xvii. Evisceration

LENS

i. What is Cataract? Describe clinical tests and investigations required before operation
ii. Lental Sclerosis (-Nuclear or Sclerotic Cataract) [2013]
iii. After Cataract (Posterior Capsular Opacification After- Cataract)
iv. After-Cataract [2015]
v. Senile Cataract
vi. What is Senile cataract? Discuss etiology, c/f, symptoms and management. What are clinical test of investigation
required before operation?
vii. Write note on-Zonular(Lamellar) cataract, Cuneiform cataract, Complicated cataract, Developmental or Congenital
cataract, Hypermature stage (Cuneiform cataract), Brown/Nuclear cataract
viii. SICS (Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery) : Steps (2018)
ix. Sx of Cataract extraction (2014)
x. Elschnig's Pearl (After Cataract)
xi. Cryo extraction of lens
xii. IOL (Intraocular Lens) Implantation
xiii. Phaco-emulsification: steps (2017 S)

GLAUCOMA

i. Give a diagramatic representation of the structure of the angle of anterior chamber. Explain the process of
production o aqueous humor [2011]
ii. Aqueous humour outflow pathway (2019)
iii. Describe anatomy of angle of anterior chamber of eye. How does drainage of aqueous humor takes place?
[2010]

By Syed Shahlal Hasan (2020 Batch, ANMMCH, Gaya) 3

 OPTHALMOLOGY IMPORTANT TOPICS PLUS PYQs (AKU, Bihar)
iv. What is Congenital or Infantile Glaucoma (Buphthalmos). Describe etiopathogenesis, c/f,differential
diagnosis and management [2015, 17]
v. What is Glaucoma? Describe field changes in chronic simple glaucoma (Primary open-angle glaucoma,POAG)
vi. Describe Primary angle-closure glaucoma. Discuss etiopathogenesis, predisposing factors, c/f and management
vii. Describe c/f, differential diagnosis and management of Acute congestive glaucoma
viii. Pilocarpine [2013]
ix. Secondary glaucoma
x. Phacolytic glaucoma, PG (a secondary open-angle glaucoma
xi. Fincham's stenopaeic-slit test
xii. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in Galucoma (2017 S)

RETINA, VITREOUS & INTRAOCULAR TUMOURS

i. Retinitis Pigmentosa [2011]

ii. Diabetic Retinopathy (2018)
iii. Vitreous haemorrhage
iv. Eales' disease
v. Define Retinoblastoma. Describe etiopathogenesis, symptoms & signs, c/f, differential diagnosis and management
(2019)
vi. Obstruction of central retinal artery
vii. Central retinal venous occlusion
viii. Central serous retinopathy
ix. Retrolental fibroplasia (Retiopathy of Prematurity,ROP)
x. Enucleation

EYELIDS
i. Describe in brief with labelled diagram of layers of eyelid [2013]
ii. Chalazion [2015, 2017 S, 2019]
iii. Lagophthalmos [2012]
iv. Describe anatomy of Eyelid. What are inflammatory disorders of eyelid? Write one in detail
v. Blepharitis
vi. Ulcerative Blepharitis and its sign
vii. Hordeolum Externum (Stye)
viii. Surgical steps for chalazion surgery
ix. Trichiasis.T/t of Trichiasis (2017)
x. Entropion and Ectropion (2017 S)
xi. Symblepharon
xii. Describe Ptosis. Discuss types, etiology and management

LACRIMAL APPARATUS & ORBIT

i. Describe anatomy of lacrimal apparatus. What do you mean by Watering Eye (Epiphora)? Write etiology and clinical
evaluation
ii. Describe sign, symptoms, T/t & complications of Acute Dacryocystitis
iii. Chronic Dacryocystitis : management in adult (2016)
iv. Congenital Dacryocystitis
v. Dry eye disease/syndrome
vi. Lacrimal abscess (Chronic Dacryocystitis)
vii. Schirmer's test (Dry Eye Test)
viii. Proptosis/Exophthalmos
ix. Signs of Orbital cellulitis
x. Blow-out fracture of the orbit
xi. Lacrimal syringing (2016)
xii. Lacrimal gland (2021)

NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY & OCULAR MOTILITY

i. Action of Superior Oblique [2015]

ii. Papilloedema (Papillitis)
iii. Describe visual pathway(& diagram) and visual field changes and lesion at different level (2018)
iv. Optic Atrophy
v. Optic neuritis. C/F of optic neuritis
vi. Colour blindness
By Syed Shahlal Hasan (2020 Batch, ANMMCH, Gaya) 4
 OPTHALMOLOGY IMPORTANT TOPICS PLUS PYQs (AKU, Bihar)
vii. Night blindness
viii. T/t of Amblyopia in child
ix. What are extra ocular muscles of eye? Describe their action and nerve supply
x. Maddox rod (Squint)
xi. Homonymous hemianopia (Visual pathways)
xii. Cover Test (2016)
xiii. Pupillary Light Reflex pathway (2017 S)
xiv. How will you Examine a patient with Pupillary Light Reactions (2017 S)
xv. White pupillary (Cat’s eye) reflex (2019)

OCULAR INJURIES, SYSTEMIC & COMMUNITY OPHTHALMOLOGY

i. Siderosis Bulbi
ii. Ophthalmic complications of Diabetes Mellitus
iii. Xerophthalmia
iv. Xerosis
v. Bitot's spot
vi. Keratomalacia
vii. Vision 2020 (2017, 18, 19)
viii. Commotio retinae (Berlin's oedema)
ix. Sympathetic Opthalmia [2012]
x. Berlin’s edema (2021)

OTHERS

i. Retinoscopy
ii. Use of Atropine in Ophthalmology
iii. Atropine-Ocular indications (2014)
iv. Iris bombe
v. Aqueous flare
vi. Discuss T/t and differential diagnosis of swelling at or near limbus
vii. Rainbow Halos
viii. Jack in Box phenomenon
ix. Striate Keratitis
x. A fifty years old lady presents with rapid onset pain, blurring of vision and coloured halos in one eye. Write
etiopathogenesis, signs and management.
xi. Sudden rapid loss of vision in adult: causes/etiology (2018)
xii. Hyphema (2019)
xiii. Medical camp for vision (2021)
•••

By Syed Shahlal Hasan (2020 Batch, ANMMCH, Gaya) 5

 OPTHALMOLOGY IMPORTANT TOPICS PLUS PYQs (AKU, Bihar)

CASES:-

⚫ Long Case:
1. Pseudophakia
2. Cataract
3. Dacryocystitis
4. Corenal ulcer.

⚫ Short Case :
1. Corneal opacity
2. Foreign body
3. Chalazion
4. Stye
5. Pterygium
6. Entropion
7. Trichiasis.

Long Case (Cataract):-

Name : Sangita Devi, Bed No-10

Sex : Female
Age. : 50 yrs.
Religion: Hindu
Occupation : House wife
Marital status : Married
Husband Name : Shrawan Paswan
Address : Pokharaira Senduari, Hajipur
Date of Admission: 10-03-2019
Date of Examination: 11-03-2019

➢ Chief complain:
Gradual progressive painless loss of vision in right eye since 1½ years. Has problem going out in sun light.
➢ History of presenting complain :
Patient was asymptomatic 1½ years ago. She gradually developed losing her vision in right eye.
• No pain and redness present.
• Photophobia present.

➢ Past history:
No relevant past history.

1. Personal history:

▪ Diet habit – Poor diet habit (does not take balanced diet.)
▪ Vegetarian
▪ Bowel and bladder habit-Normal.
▪ Irregular sleep pattern (disturbed sleep).

➢ Family History:
Family history of cataract in mother at the age of 60 years.

➢ Drug allergy:
There is no drug allergy.
➢ General and Physical examination:
Patient is well oriented with time, place and person.
• Pulse – 70 /min.
• B.P. 126/84 mm of Hg
• Respiratory rate: 18/min.
• Temperature: 98°F
By Syed Shahlal Hasan (2020 Batch, ANMMCH, Gaya) 6
 OPTHALMOLOGY IMPORTANT TOPICS PLUS PYQs (AKU, Bihar)
• Pallor: Absent
• Icterus: Absent
• Cyanosis: Absent
• Clubbing Absent
• Oedema : Absent
• Lymphadenopathy: Absent

➢ Occular Examination :

Right Left
Visual acuity:
1) Finger Counting Present Present
2) Perception of light Present Present
3) Projection of Rays Present Present
Eye brows Normal Normal
Orbit Normal Normal
Eyelid Partiality closed Normal
Eye ball:
1) Position Normal Normal
2) Size Normal Normal
3) Alignment Normal Normal
Palpebral aperture Decreased Normal
Cornea Iris visible Normal
Slight opacity
Conjunctiva Normal Normal
Pupillary reflex Normal Normal
Lens:
Transparency Decreased Normal

➢ Investigation:
(1) Visual acuity
(2) Slit lamp
(3) Distant direct ophthalmoscopy
(4) Tonometry (IOP)
(5) Gonioscopy
(6) Oblique illumination test
(7) Blood sugar
(8) Blood pressure.
➢ Provisional diagnosis:
Senile cataract (Incipient cortical cataract)

Short Case – I:- (Chalazion - Lower eye lid)

Name: Manju Devi

Age : 35 yrs.
Sex : Female
Marital status : Married
Occupation : House Wife
Address : Basantpur, Siwan
Date of Examination : 11-03-2019

➢ Chief complain:
A painless swelling present in right lower eyelid making it cosmetically un and is present for last 2 months.
Swelling Site: Right lower eye lid.

By Syed Shahlal Hasan (2020 Batch, ANMMCH, Gaya) 7

 OPTHALMOLOGY IMPORTANT TOPICS PLUS PYQs (AKU, Bihar)
➢ Examination: Occular examination

• Finding: A swelling is present on the right lower eyelid on the temporal aspect.
• Symptom:
i. No epiphore.
ii. Mid heaviness present.
• Sign:
i. No tenderness, firm swelling present.
Away from the lid margin..
ii. The underlying conjunctiva is red.

• Size: Around 1 cm.

➢ Provisional diagnosis: Chalozion.

Short Case – 2:- (Aphakia)

Bed No.- 3
Name: Haji Muhhamad
Age: 90 yrs.
Religion: Muslim
Occupation: Farmer, formerly he worked in Chimney Factory
Sex: Male
Address: Obra, Aurangabad
Date of Examination: 16-03-2019

➢ Signs and symptoms:

(1) Unable to see near vision without glass.

(2) Scar mark present on conjunctiva.
(3) Limbal Scar 39 O’clock portion.
(4) Deep anterior chamber.
(5) Jet black colour pupil.
(6) Light reflex present.
(7) Lens absent.

➢ Provisional diagnosis: Aphakia.

•••

By Syed Shahlal Hasan (2020 Batch, ANMMCH, Gaya) 8