TM 9-1370-207-10

TECHNICAL MANUAL

OPERATOR’S MANUAL

PYROTECHNIC SIMULATORS

Supersedes TM 9-1370-207-10, 30 December 1983.

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

31 MARCH 1991
 WARNINGS

PYROTECHNICS CONTAIN HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

DON’T HANDLE IF DAMAGED.
HANDLE CAREFULLY AND, IF SITUATION PERMITS, WEAR FULL HEL-
MET AND GLOVES.
KEEP AWAY FROM FIRE AND HOT SURFACES.
AIM AWAY FROM FACE, BODY, AND FRIENDLY TROOPS.
CHECK WIND DIRECTION TO AVOID FIRE, SMOKE INHALATION OR
IRRITATION, WITH ALL PYROTECHNIC ITEMS.
THE M30 MGSS POSES A HEARING HAZARD WITHIN 26 METERS, A
FRAGMENTATION HAZARD WITHIN 5 METERS, AND A VISUAL/FLASH
HAZARD WITHIN 2 METERS. WHEN FIRING THE M30 MGSS, ALL
VEHICLE HATCHES WILL BE CLOSED.

Change 4
 TM 9-1370-207-10
C7

CHANGE ) HEADQUARTERS
) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
NO. 7 ) WASHINGTON, DC, 14 September 2006
Operator’s Manual
for
Pyrotechnic Simulators
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A - Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
TM 9-1370-207-10, 31 March 1991, is changed as follows:
1. File this change sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes.
2. Remove old pages and insert new pages as indicated below.
3. New or changed material is indicated by a vertical bar in the outer margin of the page.
4. Added or revised illustrations are indicated by a vertical bar adjacent to the illustration identification number.
Remove Pages Insert Pages
A and B A and B
1 and 2 1 and 2
11 and 12 11 and 12
17 and 18 17 and 18
None 44.1 and 44.2
45 and 46 45 and 46
None 46.17 and 46.18
49 (50 blank) 49 and 50
TM 9-1370-207-10
C7

0624802

DISTRIBUTION: To be distributed in accordance with the initial distribution number (IDN) 400722 requirements for
TM 9-1370-207-10.
 TM 9-1370-207-10
C6

CHANGE ) HEADQUARTERS
) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
NO. 6 ) WASHINGTON, DC, 26 January 2004
Operator’s Manual
for
Pyrotechnic Simulators

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A - Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

TM 9-1370-207-10, 31 March 1991, is changed as follows:
1. File this change sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes.
2. Remove old pages and insert new pages as indicated below.
3. New or changed material is indicated by a vertical bar in the outer margin of the page.
4. Added or revised illustrations are indicated by a vertical bar adjacent to the illustration identification number.
Remove Pages Insert Pages
1 and 2 1 and 2
45 and 46 45 and 46
none 46.5 thru 46.16
TM 9-1370-207-10
C6

0402002

DISTRIBUTION: To be distributed in accordance with the initial distribution number (IDN) 400722 requirements for
TM 9-1370-207-10.
 TM 9-1370-207-10
C5

CHANGE ) HEADQUARTERS
) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
NO. 5 ) WASHINGTON, DC, 31 January 2002
Operator’s Manual
for
Pyrotechnic Simulators

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A - Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

TM 9-1370-207-10, 31 March 1991, is changed as follows:
1. File this change sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes.
2. Remove old pages and insert new pages as indicated below.
3. New or changed material is indicated by a vertical bar in the outer margin of the page.
4. Added or revised illustrations are indicated by a vertical bar adjacent to the illustration identification number.
Remove Pages Insert Pages
1 and 2 1 and 2
None 46.3 and 46.4
TM 9-1370-207-10
C5

0202907

DISTRIBUTION: To be distributed in accordance with the initial distribution number (IDN) 400722 requirements for
TM 9-1370-207-10.
 TM 9-1370-207-10
C4

CHANGE ) HEADQUARTERS
) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
NO. 4 ) Washington, DC, 14 February 2000

OPERATOR’S MANUAL
FOR
PYROTECHNIC SIMULATORS

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

TM 9-1370-207-10, 31 March 1991, is changed as follows:

1. Remove old pages and insert new pages as indicated below. New or changed material is indicated by a
vertical bar in the margin of the page. Added or revised illustrations are indicated by a vertical bar adjacent
to the illustration identification number.

Remove pages Insert pages

A (B blank) None
1 and 2 1 and 2
None 2.1 and 2.2
None 46.1 and 46.2
49 (50 blank) None
Cover and Warning Page Cover and Warning Page

2. File this change sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes.
 0004608

DISTRIBUTION:
To be distributed in accordance with the initial distribution number (IDN) 400722 requirements for
TM 9-1370-207-10.
 TM 9-1370-207-10
C3

Change ) HEADQUARTERS
) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
No. 3 ) Washington, DC, 5 November 1992

PYROTECHNIC SIMULATORS
OPERATOR'S MANUAL

TM 9-1370-207-10, 31 March 1991, is changed as follows:

1. Remove old pages and insert new pages as indicated below. New or changed material is indicated by a vertical
bar adjacent to the identification number.

Remove pages Insert pages

None A (B blank)
1 and 2 1 and 2
45 thru 47 (48 blank) 45 thru 49 (50 blank)

2. File this change sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes.
 TM 9-1370-207-10
C2
Change ) HEADQUARTERS
) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
No. 2 ) Washington, DC, 15 January 1992

PYROTECHNIC SIMULATORS
OPERATOR'S MANUAL

TM 9-1370-207-10, 31 March 1991, in changed follows:

1. Remove old pages and insert new pages as indicated below. New or changed material indicated by a vertical
bar in the margin of the pep.

Remove pages Insert pages

19 and 20 19 and 20

2. File this change sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes.

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

GORDON IL SULLIVAN
Official: General, United State Army
Chief of Staff

MILTON H. HAMILTON
Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army
00731

DISTRIBUTION:
To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12-40-l, (Block 0722), Operator Maintenance Requirements for TM
9-1370-207-10.
 TM 9-1370-207-10
C1

Change ) HEADQUARTERS
) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
No. 1 ) Washington, DC, 10 December 1991

PYROTECHNIC SIMULATORS
OPERATOR'S MANUAL

TM 9-1370-207-10, 31 March 1991, is changed as follows:

1. Remove old pages and insert new pages as indicated below. New or changed material is indicated by a vertical
bar in the margin of the page.

Remove pages Insert pages

33 and 34 33 and 34

2. File this change sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes.

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

GORDON R. SULUVAN
Official: General, United Sates Army
Chief of Staff

MILTON H. HAMILTON
Administrative Assistant to
Secretary of the Army
00554

Distribution:
To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12-40E, Block 0722, Operator Maintenance requirements for
Pyrotechnic Simulators.
 INSERT LATEST CHANGED PAGES. DESTROY SUPERSEDED PAGES.
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES NOTE The portion of the text affected by the changes is indicated by a
vertical line in the outer margins of the page. Changes to illustrations
are indicated by a vertical line adjacent to the identification number.

Dates of issue for original and changed pages are:

Original . . . . . . 0. . . . . . . . 31 March 1991 Change . . . . . . 4. . . . . . 14 February 2000
Change . . . . . . 1. . . . . 10 December 1991 Change . . . . . . 5. . . . . . . 31 January 2002
Change . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . 15 January 1992 Change . . . . . . 6. . . . . . . 26 January 2004
Change . . . . . . 3. . . . . . 5 November 1992 Change . . . . . . 7. . . . . .14 September 2006

TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS PUBLICATION IS 74, CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING:

Page *Change Page *Change Page *Change

No. No. No. No. No. No.
Cover .................................. 0 7 thru 10 ............................. 0 35 ........................................ 0
Inside Cover ....................... 0 11 and 12 ............................ 7 36 blank .............................. 0
A and B............................... 7 13 thru 17 ........................... 0 37thru 44 ............................ 0
1 and 2 ................................ 7 18 ........................................ 7 44.1 and 44.2 ...................... 7
2.1 and 2.2 .......................... 4 19 ........................................ 2 45 and 46 ............................ 7
3 thru 5................................ 0 20 thru 33 ........................... 0 46.1 and 46.2 ...................... 4
6 blank ................................ 0 34 ........................................ 1 46.3 and 46.4 ...................... 5

*Zero in this column indicates an original page

Change 7 A
 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES - Continued
Page *Change Page *Change Page *Change
No. No. No. No. No. No.
46.5 thru 46.16.................... 6
46.17 and 46.18 .................. 7
47 ........................................ 0
48 blank .............................. 3
49 and 50 ............................ 7

*Zero in this column indicates an original page

B Change 7
TECHNICAL MANUAL HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
No. TM 9-1370-207-10 Washington, DC, 31 March 1991
Operator’s Manual
for
Pyrotechnic Simulators
REPORTING ERRORS AND RECOMMENDING IMPROVEMENTS
You can help improve this manual. If you find any mistakes or if you know of a way to improve the
procedures, please let us know. Mail your letter or DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to
Publications and Blank Forms) directly to Logistics Research and Engineering Directorate (AMSRD-
AAL-AIL-LS), U.S. Army RDECOM, Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center,
Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000. You may also send in your recommended changes via electronic
mail or by fax. Our e-mail address is LSB@PICA.ARMY.MIL. Our fax number is DSN 880-4633,
Commercial (973) 724-4633. A reply will be furnished to you.
Page
CHAPTER I UNPACKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
CHAPTER II DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 1 Explosive Detonation Simulator M80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 2 Booby Trap Simulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Flash, M117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Illuminating, M118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Whistling, M119 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Change 7 1
 Page
CHAPTER II DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION - Continued
Section 3 Hand Thrown Simulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Hand Grenade Simulator, M116A1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Ground Burst Simulator, M115A2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Section 4 Artillery Flash Simulator M110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Section 5 Air Burst Projectile Simulators M74 and M74A1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Section 6 Atomic Explosion Simulator M142 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Section 7 Simulators Used In Other Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1
Simulator, Artillery Flash, M21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1
Anti-Tank Weapons Effect Signature Simulator (ATWESS), M22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2
Simulator, Target Hit, M25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Simulator, Target Kill, M26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Section 8 Simulator, Main Gun, Signature, M30 (Audio Visual Cue Pyrotechnic Simulator,
MGSS-AVCPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1
Simulator, Direct-Indirect Fire, M31A1 (Audio Visual Cue Pyrotechnic Simulator,
DIFCUE AVCPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3
Simulator, Antitank Guided Missile Signature: M27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.5
Simulator, Hostile Fire, M34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.17
Simulator, Target Hit, White Star, M35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.18
CHAPTER III MAINTENANCE (OPERATOR LEVEL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

2 Change 7
 DISPOSING
OF
DUDS

FOLLOW PRESCRIBED WAITING TIME OUTLINED

IN PARAGRAPH CONCERNING ITEM IN USE.

DO NOT TOUCH THE DUD!

MARK LOCATION OF DUD FOR EXPLOSIVE
ORDNANCE DISPOSAL (EOD) PERSONNEL.
CALL EOD FOR DISPOSAL.

U
AR 5256

2
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Change 4 2.1
 DISPOSING
OF
DUDS
FOLLOW PRESCRIBED WAITING TIME OUTLINED
IN PARAGRAPH CONCERNING ITEM IN USE.

DO NOT TOUCH THE DUD!

MARK LOCATION OF DUD FOR EXPLOSIVE
ORDNANCE DISPOSAL (EOD) PERSONNEL.
CALL EOD FOR DISPOSAL.

2.2 Change 4
 CHAPTER I

(1) Cut steel strapping carefully with

CAUTIONS metal shears to avoid springback.
KEEP BOXES SEALED. Remove and dispose of metal straps.
(2) Cut metallic seal with pliers.
DUDS OR IMPROPER FUNCTIONING
COULD OCCUR IF EXPOSED TO Discard seal.
MOISTURE. (3) Turn hasp catch and open hasps on
hinge-and-hasp boxes, or pull out on
OPEN JUST BEFORE USE. spring-latch to release on spring-latch
boxes.

U
AR 5257
3
 U
AR 5258
4
CONTINUE WITH FOLLOWING STEPS FOR BOOBY-TRAP SIMULATORS M117, M118, AND M119 ONLY

U
AR 5259
5 (6 blank)
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

CHAPTER II

SECTION (1)
EXPLOSIVE DETONATION SIMULATOR M80

WARNINGS
DON'T
- TAMPER WITH FUSE.

-USE M1 OR M2 BLASTING FUSE IGNITERS

WITH M80 SIMULATOR.

-TAMPER WITH ANY SIMULATOR. AR 5260 7

U
AR 5260
7
DESCRIPTION

THE M80 SIMULATOR IS A PAPER CYLINDER CONTAINING

THE CHARGE COMPOSITION AND IS USED TO SIMULATE
RIFLE OR ARTILLERY FIRE, HAND GRENADES, BOOBYTRAPS,
OR LAND MINES.

U
AR 5261
8
 U
AR 5262
9
WARNING IF M80 DOES NOT FIRE, WAIT 5 MINUTES.

DUD - DO NOT TOUCH THE DUD!

MARK LOCATION OF DUD FOR EOD PESONNEL.
CALL EOD FOR DISPOSAL.
U
AR 5263
10
BOOBY TRAP SIMULATORS
SECTION 2
DESCRIPTION
A: FLASH, M117 (FLASH AND BANG) (M117 HAS
DIMPLE IN BRACKET FOR NIGHT IDENTIFI-
CATION)
B: ILLUMINATING, M118 (28-SECOND DURA-
TION FLAME)
C: WHISTLING, M119 (2.5- TO 5-SECOND WHIS-
TLE)
D: GENERAL BOOBY TRAP SIMULATOR WITH
SAFETY CLIP

ALL FOUR TYPES HAVE A TUBULAR BODY

EACH TYPE IS ISSUED WITH A ROLL OF TRIP-

WIRE, STAPLES, NAILS, AND EXTENSION
SPRING

Change 7 11
 OPERATION
1 TO INSTALL...SELECT TWO WOODEN OBJECTS INTO WHICH NAILS MAY BE DRIVEN, SUCH
AS TREES, FENCES, OR WOODEN POSTS AT LEAST 2 BY 4 INCHES IN CROSS SECTION,
EMBEDDED IN THE GROUND AT LEAST 3 FEET. OBJECT TO WHICH SIMULATOR IS TO BE
FASTENED MUST BE AT LEAST 5-1/2 FEET HIGH. WHEN USING M117, OBJECT MUST BE 10
FEET HIGH.

WARNING
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO USE M117 SIMULATOR BY TAPING OR WIRING IT TO MOUNT-
ING SURFACE.

OBJECTS MUST BE LOCATED ON EACH SIDE OF PATH TO BE BOOBYTRAPPED, IN A MANNER

WHICH WILL ALLOW A TRIPWIRE TO BE STRETCHED BETWEEN THEM AND BE CONCEALED AS
MUCH AS POSSIBLE.

Change 7 12
 U
AR 5266
13
 U
AR 5267
14
 U
AR 5268
15
 U
AR 5269
16
 15

RETURN TO FIRST OBJECT AND GRADUALLY WORK TEMPORARY NAIL FREE WHILE CAREFULLY
ALLOWING THE EXTENDED SPRING TO COMPRESS AGAINST THE TRIPWIRE LOOP ALONE.

THEN.....
CHECK ENTIRE SYSTEM...
EXTENDED SPRING SHOULD NOW KEEP TRIPWIRE TAUT. MAKE SURE TRIPWIRE IS CONCEALED.

CLEAN GENERAL AREA. WHEN USING M117 SIMULATOR, MAKE SURE THERE IS A 3-FOOT
RADIUS CLEAR AREA AROUND SIMULATOR. PERSONNEL ARE SAFE AT A DISTANCE OF 6 FEET.

17
18 Change 7
HAND THROWN SIMULATORS SECTION (3)

DON'TS
DON'T USE SIMULATOR WITH POWDER LEAKAGE.

DON'T USE SIMULATOR WITH SAFETY FUSE PULLED OUT OF

SIMULATOR.

DON'T USE SIMULATOR WITH SAFETY CLIP MISSING OR OUT OF

POSITION.

THE ABOVE AND OTHERWISE DEFECTIVE SIMULATORS SHOULD BE

FORWARDED TO AUTHORIZED DISPOSAL PERSONNEL

WARNINGS
THE M115A2 GROUND BURST PROJECTILE SIMULATOR IS MORE
POWERFUL THAN THE M1 16A1 HAND GRENADE SIMULATOR. IT IS
NOT TO BE USED NEAR PERSONNEL DUE TO POTENTIAL HAZARD
FROM FRAGMENTATION. DO NOT THROW M115A2 SIMULATORS
WITHIN 35 METERS OF UNPROTECTED PERSONNEL. WHEN USING THE
Ml 15A2 SIMULATOR, THE THROWER SHOULD TURN AWAY FROM THE
SIMULATOR AND GET INTO A PROTECTIVE STANCE AFTER THROWING.
THE SAFETY RADIUS OF THE M1 16A1 SIMULATOR IS 15 METERS.

DO NOT WAIT FOR WHISTLE BEFORE THROWING M 115A2 SIMULATOR.

DO NOT PICK UP ANY SIMULATOR DROPPED AFTER PULL CORD HAS

BEEN PULLED.

BEFORE FIRING, READ INSTRUCTIONS ON ITEM. WEAR STANDARD

ISSUE LEATHER GLOVE ON FIRING HAND.
U
AR 5272-A

Change 2 19
DESCRIPTION

HAND GRENADE SIMULATOR, M116A1

U
AR 5273

20
OPERATION

HAND GRENADE SIMULATOR, M116A1

UNPACK
1 REMOVE COVER FROM PACKING BOX AND CAREFULLY OPENWATERPROOF LINING (LINING MUST BE
RESEALED).

2 REMOVE DESIRED NUMBER OF SIMULATORS.

3 BALANCE REMAINING SIMULATORS IN BOX BY INSERTING FILLER MATERIAL.

21
D U D -DO NOT TOUCH THE DUD!
MARK LOCATION OF DUD FOR EOD PERSONNEL. U
CALL EOD FOR OISPOSAL. AR 5275

22
DESCRIPTION
GROUND BURST SIMULATOR, M115A2

DUD - SEE PAGE 24.

23
 DO NOT TOUCH THE DUD!
MARK LOCATION OF DUD FOR EOD PERSONNEL.
CALL EOD FOR DISPOSAL.

U
AR 5277
24
DESCRIPTION SECTION 4
ARTILLERY FLASH SIMULATOR M110

25
 WARNING
DO NOT PULL ON LEAD WIRES. PULLING ON WIRES INITIATES SIMULATOR.

DUD - WAIT 30 SECONDS.

(1) DISCONNECT BOTH EXTENSION WIRES FROM TERMINALS OF STORAGE BATTERY.

(2) CHECK BATTERY.

(3) IF BATTERY IS FOUND TO BE FAULTY, SUBSTITUTE GOOD BATTERY AND TRY AGAIN.

(4) IF SIMULATOR STILL DOES NOT FUNCTION, DISCONNECT EXTENSION WIRES FROM TERMINALS OF
BATTERY.

WAIT 30 MINUTES.

(1) REMOVE SIMULATOR FROM FIRING TUBE. U

(2) DISCONNECT SQUIB FROM SIMULATOR. AR 5279

(3) DO NOT TOUCH THE DUD! MARK LOCATION OF DUD FOR EOD PERSONNEL. CALL EOD FOR DISPOSAL.
 PREPARED FOR FIRING,

BUT NOT FIRED

(1) DISCONNECT BOTH EXTENSION WIRES FROM TERMINALS OF STORAGE BATTERY.

(2) REMOVE SIMULATOR FROM FIRING TUBE.

(3) DISCONNECT SQUIB FROM SIMULATOR.

(4) MARK LOCATION FOR EOD PERSONNEL. CALL EOD FOR DISPOSAL.

U
AR 5280

27
OPERATION

(3) CONNECT TERMINAL OF

EACH 4-FOOT LEAD WIRE

DAMAGED SIMULATORS
THAT SHOW EVIDENCE OF (4) REMOVE FILLER PLUG
28 NOT BEING WATERTIGHT. FROM FILLER HOLE

U
AR 5281

28
 WARNING

WHEN HANDLING GASOLINE, OBSERVE PRECAUTIONS IN FM 10-69.

FILL ONLY AS MANY SIMULATORS AS WILL BE FIRED DURING DAY'S TRAINING.

FOR SIMULATORS THAT LEAK GASOLINE, DO NOT TOUCH THE DUD!

MARK LOCATION OF DUD FOR EOD

PERSONNEL. CALL EOD FOR DISPOSAL.

NOTE
GASOLINE LEVEL SHOULD REACH BOTTOM OF THREADS INSIDE OF FILLER HOLE.

U
AR 5282
29
 SIMULATOR
U
AR 5283

30
(8) CARRY LEAD WIRES OF SELECTRIC SQUIB
ACROSS BOTTOM AND UPWARDS ALONG
BODY OF SIMULATOR TOWARD RED FILLER
PLUG, AND ATTACH TO BODY.

NOTE
BEFORE LOADING, MAKE SURE
FIRING TUBE IS CLEAN OF ALL
RESIDUE.

(9) PLACE SIMULATOR IN FIRING TUBE, FILLER-

PLUG END UP, LEAD WIRES EMERGING
FROM SPACE BETWEEN SIMULATOR AND
FIRING TUBE

U
AR 5284

31
 WARNING
TO PREVENT INJURIES FROM FLYING SPARKS AND SPLINTERS AT TIME OF FIRING, ALL
PERSONNEL 50 YARDS OR LESS FROM FIRING TUBE WILL BE UNDER COVER.

32
DESCRIPTION SECTION (5)

AIR BURST PROJECTILE SIMULATORS M74 and M74A1

(A) 2- TO 3-SECOND DELAY.

(B) 600,000 CANDLEPOWER.

(C) SIMULATES ARTILLERY FIRE AIR BURSTS.

(D) FIRED FROM PYROTECHNIC PISTOL AN-MB.

U
AR 5286

33
 OPERATION

(1) WEAR ISSUED GLOVES (ON BOTH HANDS), EYE PROTECTION, EAR PLUS, AND HELMET
(2) IF WORN, DISCONNECT LANYARD FROM PISTOL
(3) OPEN BARREL OF PISTOL
(4) INSERT SIMULATOR INTO BARREL, WITH PRIMER END TOWARD FIRING PIN.
(5) CLOSE BARREL
(6) FIRE AT ARM'B LENGTH AT AN UPWARD ANGLE OF 45 DEGREES.

Change 1 34
U
AR 5257A
 WARNING

WAIT 30 SECONDS.

U
AR 5288

(1) IF MISFIRE AFTER 2 SECONDS, PULL TRIGGER AGAIN.

(2) IF STILL MISFIRES, AIM PISTOL OVERHEAD KEEPING ARM FULLY EXTENDED AND HEAD TURNED AWAY.
WAIT 30 SECONDS.
(3) MANUALLY REMOVE SIMULATOR FROM PISTOL.
(4) PLACE TAPE ON PRIMER END.
(5) PLACE MISFIRED ROUND IN A LOCALLY APPROVED EMPTY CONTAINER FOR TRANSPORTING TO
DISPOSAL PERSONNEL.
(6) IF DUD, DO NOT TOUCH THE DUDI MARK LOCATION OF DUD FOR EOD PERSONNEL. CALL EOD FOR
DISPOSAL.

35 (36 BLANK)
 SECTION (6)

ATOMIC EXPLOSION SIMULATOR M142

WARNINGS

OPERATING PERSONNEL WILL REMAIN BEHIND SHRAPNEL-PROOF WALL

NO CLOSER THAN 150 FEET TO POINT OF DETONATION. OBSERVERS
WILL REMAIN NO CLOSER THAN 450 FEET TO
POINT OF DETONATION.

DO NOT LEAVE SOUND-UNIT OR SMOKE-UNIT IN STEEL

DRUM WHEN SIMULATOR IS TO BE FUNCTIONED.

DO NOT APPROACH SIMULATOR WHICH HAS FAILED TO FIRE

FOR AT LEAST 30 MINUTES AFTER DISCONNECTING POWER SOURCE.

DO NOT USE POWER SOURCE OTHER THAN FULLY CHARGED

12- OR 24- VOLT BATTERY.

EXTENSION WIRE (i.e., FIRING WIRE, AMMO WIRE) IS NOT TO BE

USED WHEN FUNCTIONING SIMULATOR.

U
AR 5289

37
38
39
OPERATION

(1)
SELECT A LEVEL FIRING SITE WITH NO OVERHEAD OBSTRUCTIONS, LOOSE ROCKS, OR ANY OTHER
OBJECTS WITHIN 5 FEET. THIS SITE MUST BE APPROXIMATELY 140 FEET DOWNWIND OF OPERATOR'S
BARRICADE.

40
41
 U
AR 5294

42
IF SOUND-UNIT IS NOT DESTROYED, TREAT FIRING AS MISFIRE.
SEE PAGE 44

U
AR 5295

43
1 DISCONNECT LEAD WIRES FROM TERMINALS OF STORAGE BATTERY.

2 CHECK BATTERY.

3 IF BATTERY IS FOUND TO BE FAULTY, SUBSTITUTE GOOD BATTERY AND TRY AGAIN.

4 IF SIMULATOR STILL DOES NOT FUNCTION, DISCONNECT LEAD WIRES FROM TERMINALS OF BATTERY.

WAIT 30 MINUTES

5 REPACK SOUND-UNIT AND ELECTRIC CABLE AND FORWARD DEFECTIVE SIMULATOR TO THE
AMMUNITION SUPPLY POINT.

U
AR 5296

44
SIMULATORS USED IN OTHER SYSTEMS SECTION 7
SIMULATOR, ARTILLERY FLASH, M21
WARNING
THIS SIMULATOR IS NOT AUTHORIZED TO
BE FIRED FROM PALADIN OR OTHER
UNAUTHORIZED WEAPON SYSTEM.
DESCRIPTION
THE M21 ARTILLERY FLASH SIMULATOR IS A
PLASTIC CONTAINER WITH OVER AN OUNCE OF
FLASH POWDER AND IS ELECTRICALLY INITI-
ATED. IT IS USED TO SIMULATE MAIN GUN TANK
FIRE.
USE
REFER TO THE FOLLOWING MULTIPLE INTE-
GRATED LASER ENGAGEMENT SYSTEM (MILES)
OPERATOR’S MANUALS:
TM 9-1265-369-10-1 FOR M60A1/A3 TANKS
TM 9-1265-373-10-1 FOR M1 TANK.

Change 7 44.1
 ANTI-TANK WEAPONS EFFECT SIGNATURE SIMULATOR (ATWESS), M22
DESCRIPTION
THE M22 ATWESS RESEMBLES A SHOTGUN-SHAPED CARTRIDGE WHICH MAKES ELECTRICAL
CONTACT WITH THE FIRING DEVICE THROUGH A COPPER RING IN ONE END AND IS INITIATED BY
A PERCUSSION PRIMER IN THE OTHER END. IT IS USED WITH THE MULTIPLE INTEGRATED
LASER ENGAGEMENT SYSTEM (MILES) IN VARIOUS WEAPONS TO GIVE A REPORT WITH FLASH
AND SMOKE.
USE
REFER TO THE FOLLOWING OPERATOR’S MANUALS:
TM 9-1265-208-10 FOR CHAPARRAL
TM 9-1265-209-10 FOR STINGER
TM 9-1265-368-10-1 FOR DRAGON
TM 9-1265-368-10-2 FOR TOW
TM 9-1265-368-10-3 FOR VIPER
TM 9-1270-223-10 FOR AH-1S HELICOPTER.

44.2 Change 7
 SIMULATOR, TARGET HIT, M25
WARNING
THIS SIMULATOR IS NOT AUTHORIZED TO
BE FIRED FROM PALADIN OR OTHER
UNAUTHORIZED WEAPON SYSTEM.
DESCRIPTION
THE M25 TARGET HIT SIMULATOR HAS A PLAS-
TIC CYLINDER BODY WITH A PROTECTIVE CAP
THAT COVERS THE PLUG AND LEAD WIRES.
THE CAP IS REMOVED SO THE LEAD WIRES CAN
BE CONNECTED TO A FIRING DEVICE. THE SIM-
ULATOR IS INITIATED ELECTRONICALLY BY A
TRIGGER AND PRODUCES FLASH AND BANG
FOR SIMULATION OF MAIN GUN FIRE.
USE
REFER TO TM 9-6920-742-14-2 FOR OPERATOR
PROCEDURES.

Change 7 45
 SIMULATOR, TARGET KILL, M26
WARNING
THIS SIMULATOR IS NOT AUTHORIZED TO
BE FIRED FROM PALADIN OR OTHER
UNAUTHORIZED WEAPON SYSTEM.
DESCRIPTION
THE M26 TARGET KILL SIMULATOR HAS A PLAS-
TIC CYLINDER BODY WITH A PROTECTIVE CAP
THAT COVERS THE PLUG AND LEAD WIRES.
THE CAP IS REMOVED SO THE LEAD WIRES CAN
BE CONNECTED TO A FIRING DEVICE. THE SIM-
ULATOR IS INITIATED ELECTRONICALLY BY A
TRIGGER AND PRODUCES BLACK SMOKE WHEN
A TARGET IS STRUCK.
USE
REFER TO TM 9-6920-742-14-2 FOR OPERATOR
PROCEDURES.

46 Change 7
 SIMULATOR, MAIN GUN, SIGNATURE, M30 SECTION 8
(AUDIO VISUAL CUE PYROTECHNIC
SIMULATOR, MGSS-AVCPS)

WARNING
THE M30 MGSS POSES A HEARING HAZ-
ARD WITHIN 26 METERS, A FRAGMENTA-
TION HAZARD WITHIN 5 METERS, AND A
VISUAL/FLASH HAZARD WITHIN 2 METERS.
WHEN FIRING THE M30 MGSS, ALL VEHI-
CLE HATCHES WILL BE CLOSED.

DESCRIPTION
THE M30 IS A POLYETHYLENE CASED CARTRIDGE-
TYPE MUNITION CONTAINING 6 GRAMS OF FLASH
POWDER. THE M30 IS ELECTRICALLY INITIATED
AND IS USED TO SIMULATE TANK MAIN GUN FIRE.

Change 4 46.1
USE
REFER TO THE FOLLOWING MULTIPLE INTEGRATED LASER ENGAGEMENT
SYSTEM (MILES) OPERATOR’S MANUALS:

TM 9-1265-373-10 FOR M1 TANK

TM 9-1265-375-10 FOR M2/M3 BRADLEY

TM 9-1265-369-10 FOR M60A1/A3 TANKS

TM 9-2350-261-10 FOR LIGHT ARMORED VEHICLE (LAV)

46.2 Change 4 PIN: 033701-004

SIMULATOR, DIRECT-INDIRECT FIRE, SECTION 8
M31A1 (AUDIO VISUAL CUE
PYROTECHNIC SIMULATOR,
DIFCUE AVCPS)

DESCRIPTION
THE M31A1 IS A POLYPROPYLENE CASED CAR-
TRIDGE-TYPE MUNITION CONTAINING 6 GRAMS
OF FLASH AND STARS. THE M31A1 IS ELECTRI-
CALLY INITIATED AND IS USED TO SIMULATE
DIRECT OR INDIRECT HITS ON VARIOUS KINDS OF
COMBAT MOBILE EQUIPMENT.

Change 5 46.3
USE
REFER TO THE FOLLOWING MULTIPLE INTEGRATED LASER ENGAGEMENT
SYSTEM (MILES) OPERATOR’S MANUALS:

TM 9-1265-373-10-1 FOR M1 TANK

TM 9-1265-375-10 FOR M2/M3 BRADLEY

TM 9-1265-369-10-1 FOR M60A1/A3 TANKS
TM 9-2350-261-10 FOR LIGHT ARMORED VEHICLE (LAVS)

46.4 Change 5
 SECTION 8
SIMULATOR, ANTITANK GUIDED MISSILE SIGNATURE: M27

WARNING

A CLEAR ZONE OF 100 FEET MUST BE ESTABLISHED 360-DEGREES

AROUND THE LAUNCH SITE.
A SURFACE DANGER ZONE (SDZ) WILL BE ESTABLISHED TO A
RANGE OF 6,560 FEET (2000 METERS).
OPERATOR MUST FIRE THE M27 (SAGGER) SIMULATOR FROM
BEYOND THE 100 FOOT CLEAR ZONE OR FROM A PROTECTED
POSITION.
FIRE THE M27 SIMULATOR WITH M79 ELECTRIC MATCH IGNITER
ONLY.
THE M27 SIMULATOR MUST BE FIRED FROM AN APPROVED
LAUNCH STAND.
DO NOT STAND DIRECTLY IN FRONT OF THE LOADED LAUNCH
STAND.
THE M27 SIMULATOR IS ONLY ALLOWED TO FIRE AT 15-, 30-, OR 45-
DEGREE ANGLES FROM THE HORIZONTAL.

Change 6 46.5
 WARNING - CONTINUED

DO NOT STAND WITHIN 100 FEET IN FRONT OR BEHIND FIRING

DEVICE DURING OR AFTER LOADING SIMULATOR.
DO NOT FIRE THE M27 SIMULATOR OVER THE HEAD OF UNPRO-
TECTED FRIENDLY TROOPS.
TO ASSURE THAT STATIC ELECTRIC DISCHARGE WILL NOT ACTI-
VATE THE SIMULATOR, OPERATOR MUST EITHER TOUCH ANY
METAL PART OF THE FRAME OF THE LAUNCH PLATFORM BEFORE
THE LOADING OPERATION OR BE GROUNDED BEFORE TOUCHING
ANY SIMULATOR. THIS IS DONE TO EQUALIZE STATIC ELECTRIC
CHARGES BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE LAUNCH PLAT-
FORM.

46.6 Change 6
DESCRIPTION

WARNING

FIRE THE M27 SIMULATOR WITH

M79 ELECTRIC MATCH IGNITER
ONLY.

THE M27 IS A GUIDED MISSILE THAT

SIMULATES INCOMING ENEMY FIRE.
IT CONSISTS OF A PAPER TUBE
BODY WITH A POLYURETHANE
FOAM NOSE AND TAIL CONE.

Change 6 46.7
DESCRIPTION - CONTINUED

THE M79 ELECTRIC MATCH IGNITER CON-

SISTS OF A 3-INCH POLYPROPYLENE TUBE
AND CAP ASSEMBLY. THERE IS AN ELEC-
TRIC MATCH WITHIN THE CAP.

46.8 Change 6
UNPACKING

1. CUT STEEL STRAP-

PING WITH METAL
SHEARS. REMOVE
AND DISPOSE OF
METAL STRAPS.

2. CUT METALLIC
SEAL WITH PLI-
ERS AND DISCARD
SEAL.

3. LIFT BOX TOP

AND REMOVE TOP
FILLER. REMOVE
BARRIER BAG.

Change 6 46.9
 4. CUT BARRIER BAG
OPEN ALONG THE
EDGE WITH MOST
FREE AREA, CUT-
TING AS CLOSE TO
SEALED EDGE AS
POSSIBLE.

5. REMOVE FOAM
BOX FROM BAR-
RIER BAG.

6. OPEN FOAM BOX

TOP.

7. REMOVE ITEMS. IF
ALL ITEMS ARE
NOT REMOVED,
CLOSE THE FOAM
BOX.

46.10 Change 6
LOADING AND FIRING PROCEDURES

WARNING
THE M27 SIMULATOR IS ONLY ALLOWED TO BE FIRED AT 15-, 30-, OR
45-DEGREE ANGLES FROM THE HORIZONTAL.
THE M27 SIMULATOR MUST BE FIRED FROM AN APPROVED LAUNCH
STAND.

1. SET LOCALLY APPROVED M27 LAUNCH STAND ON LEVEL GROUND.

2. DIRECT THE STAND AT A 15-, 30-, OR 45-DEGREE ANGLE ACROSS THE
DOWN RANGE.

Change 6 46.11
 3. RECEIVE M79 ELECTRIC
MATCH IGNITER.

4. PLACE THE M79 ELECTRIC

MATCH IGNITER INTO THE
STEEL TUBING (SHORTER OF
TWO TUBES POINTED DOWN
RANGE) AND HAVE WIRE
RUN OUTSIDE, DOWN THE
STEEL TUBING AND
THROUGH THE HOLE ON THE
STEEL PLATE (AS SHOWN).

5. TOUCH ANY METAL PARTS OF

THE FRAME OF THE LAUNCH
PLATFORM.

6. CONNECT THE ENDS OF THE

LEAD WIRE TO THE SUPPORT
LEAD WIRE WHICH THEN
WILL BE CONNECTED TO A
DETONATION DEVICE.

46.12 Change 6
7. THE M27 SIMULATOR IS THEN
INSERTED INTO THE
LAUNCHER WITH THE GUIDE
ROD OF THE LAUNCHER
GOING THROUGH THE TAIL
CONE GUIDE ROD HOLE (AS
SHOWN).

WARNING
OPERATOR MUST FIRE
THE M27 (SAGGER) SIMU-
LATOR FROM BEYOND
THE 100 FOOT CLEAR
ZONE OR FROM A PRO-
TECTED POSITION.

8. ENSURE OPERATOR OF M27 (SAGGER) SIMULATOR IS BEYOND THE 100

FOOT CLEAR ZONE OR IN A PROTECTED POSITION.

WARNING
DO NOT FIRE THE M27 SIMULATOR OVER THE HEAD OF UNPRO-
TECTED FRIENDLY TROOPS.

9. TO FIRE, ACTIVATE THE DETONATION DEVICE.

Change 6 46.13
MISFIRE PROCEDURES

WARNING

AFTER MISFIRE WAIT 30 MINUTES BEFORE PROCEEDING.

IMMEDIATELY BEFORE ENGAGING IN LOADING OR UNLOADING PYRO-
TECHNIC CHARGES, PERSONNEL SHOULD DISCHARGE ANY STATIC
ELECTRICITY FROM THEIR PERSON BY TOUCHING THE FRAME OF THE
DETONATION DEVICE.
NEVER BEND OR STAND OVER A LAUNCHER OR ADJACENTLY POSI-
TIONED SIMULATOR WHEN LOADING OR UNLOADING.

1. AFTER MISFIRE, IMMEDIATELY MOVE 100 FEET BEHIND THE LAUNCHER

AND WAIT 30 MINUTES. THIS WILL ALLOW ANY SLOW BURNING PYRO-
TECHNIC TO IGNITE FULLY. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY CAUSE BODILY
INJURY OR SEVERE BURNS.

2. UPON COMPLETION OF THE FIRING CYCLE, REMOVE THE REMOTE FIRING

POWER SOURCE (E.G. CABLE) TO THE DETONATION DEVICE AND INSPECT
FOR ANY SAGGERS NOT FIRED.

3. AFTER AT LEAST 30 MINUTE WAIT FROM INITIATION, RECHECK THAT

POWER HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM THE DETONATION DEVICE.

46.14 Change 6
4. TOUCH ANY METAL PARTS ON THE
DETONATION DEVICE FRAME.

5. PLACE THE DETONATION DEVICE IN

THE OFF POSITION.

6. UNPLUG THE SUSPECT ROUND’S IGNI-

TION LEADS FROM THE DETONATION
DEVICE.

7. REPLACE SHORTING CAP ON THE SUP-

PORT LEAD WIRE IGNITION PLUG.

8. IF SHORTING CAP IS NOT AVAILABLE:

(a) CUT OFF SIMULATOR PLUG.

(b) STRIP ONE INCH OF INSULATION

FROM REMAINING LEAD ENDS.

(c) TWIST BARE WIRES TOGETHER

BY HAND TO PRODUCE A SHORT
CIRCUIT.

Change 6 46.15
 9. IMMEDIATELY MOVE 100 FEET TO THE REAR OF THE DETONATION DEVICE
AND WAIT 10 MINUTES.

WARNING

DO NOT USE EXCESSIVE FORCE TO SEPARATE THE M79 ELECTRIC

MATCH IGNITER FROM THE M27 SAGGER AS THEY ARE MATED IN A
LOOSE FIT AND SHOULD NORMALLY SEPARATE EASILY.

10. AFTER THE 10 MINUTE WAIT, REMOVE THE UNFIRED SAGGER FROM THE
ELECTRIC MATCH AND LAUNCH STAND.

11. TRANSFER SAGGER AND ELECTRIC MATCH TO DUD PIT AND FOLLOW DIS-
POSAL INSTRUCTIONS ON PAGE 2.

46.16 Change 6
 SIMULATOR, HOSTILE FIRE, M34
DESCRIPTION
THE M34 HOSTILE FIRE SIMULATOR IS A PLAS-
TIC-TYPE CASED CARTRIDGE CONTAINING 18
GRAMS OF PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION. IT IS
ELECTRICALLY INITIATED AND PRODUCES THE
FLASH AND SOUND FOR SIMULATION OF TANK
OR LARGE CALIBER GUNFIRE.
USE
FOR USE IN BATTLEFIELD EFFECTS SIMULATOR
(BES) OMEGA 60/B2.

Change 7 46.17
 SIMULATOR, TARGET HIT,
WHITE STAR, M35
DESCRIPTION
THE M35 WHITE STAR TARGET HIT SIMULATOR
IS A PLASTIC-TYPE CASED CARTRIDGE CON-
TAINING 21.6 GRAMS OF PYROTECHNIC COMPO-
SITION. IT IS ELECTRICALLY INITIATED AND
PRODUCES FLASH BANG/STARS SIMULATING
THE IMPACT OF A ROUND ON AN ARMOR TAR-
GET.
USE
FOR USE IN BATTLEFIELD EFFECTS SIMULATOR
(BES) OMEGA 60/B2.

46.18 Change 7
 CHAPTER III. MAINATENANCE(OPERATOR LEVEL)

UNUSED ITEMS SHOULD BE TURNED IN TO AMMUNITION SUPPORT

AREA AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. PROVIDE
PROTECTION FOR THESE ITEMS BY REPACKING IN ORIGINAL
CONTAINERS, IF AVAILABLE, OR EQUIVALENT IMPROVISED
PACKING. ALL EFFORTS MUST BE MADE TO GET THESE
ITEMS TO ORGANIZATIONAL MAINTENANCE IN THE BEST POSSIBLE
CONDITION.

AVOID EXPOSURE TO
MOISTURE, DENTS, ETC.

U
AR 5294-A

Change 3 47 (48 BLANK)

 MALFUNCTION REPORTS
SUBMIT MALFUNCTION REPORTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH AR 75-1, MALFUNC-
TIONS INVOLVING AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES.

Change 7 49
 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

50 Change 7
 TM9-1370-207-10

PYROTECHNIC SIMULATORS

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

Official: CARL E. VUONO

General. United States Army
Chief of Staff

THOMAS F. SIKORA
Brigadier General, United States Army
The Adjutant General

U
AR 5299

DISTRIBUTION: To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12-40-E, block 0722,

Operator Maintenance requirements for Pyrotechnics.
 The Metric System and Equivalents

Linear Measure Liquid Measure

1 centiliter = 10 milliters = .34 fl. ounce

1 centimeter = 10 millimeters = .39 inch 1 deciliter = 10 centiliters = 3.38 fl. ounces
1 decimeter = 10 centimeters = 3.94 inches 1 liter = 10 deciliters = 33.81 fl. ounces
1 meter = 10 decimeters = 39.37 inches 1 dekaliter = 10 liters = 2.64 gallons
1 dekameter = 10 meters = 32.8 feet 1 hectoliter = 10 dekaliters = 26.42 gallons
1 hectometer = 10 dekameters = 328.08 feet 1 kiloliter = 10 hectoliters = 264.18 gallons
1 kilometer = 10 hectometers = 3,280.8 feet
Square Measure
Weights
1 sq. centimeter = 100 sq. millimeters = .155 sq. inch
1 centigram = 10 milligrams = .15 grain 1 sq. decimeter = 100 sq. centimeters = 15.5 sq. inches
1 decigram = 10 centigrams = 1.54 grains 1 sq. meter (centare) = 100 sq. decimeters = 10.76 sq. feet
1 gram = 10 decigram = .035 ounce 1 sq. dekameter (are) = 100 sq. meters = 1,076.4 sq. feet
1 decagram = 10 grams = .35 ounce 1 sq. hectometer (hectare) = 100 sq. dekameters = 2.47 acres
1 hectogram = 10 decagrams = 3.52 ounces 1 sq. kilometer = 100 sq. hectometers = .386 sq. mile
1 kilogram = 10 hectograms = 2.2 pounds
1 quintal = 100 kilograms = 220.46 pounds Cubic Measure
1 metric ton = 10 quintals = 1.1 short tons
1 cu. centimeter = 1000 cu. millimeters = .06 cu. inch
1 cu. decimeter = 1000 cu. centimeters = 61.02 cu. inches
1 cu. meter = 1000 cu. decimeters = 35.31 cu. feet

Approximate Conversion Factors

To change To Multiply by To change To Multiply by

inches centimeters 2.540 ounce-inches Newton-meters .007062

feet meters .305 centimeters inches .394
yards meters .914 meters feet 3.280
miles kilometers 1.609 meters yards 1.094
square inches square centimeters 6.451 kilometers miles .621
square feet square meters .093 square centimeters square inches .155
square yards square meters .836 square meters square feet 10.764
square miles square kilometers 2.590 square meters square yards 1.196
acres square hectometers .405 square kilometers square miles .386
cubic feet cubic meters .028 square hectometers acres 2.471
cubic yards cubic meters .765 cubic meters cubic feet 35.315
fluid ounces milliliters 29,573 cubic meters cubic yards 1.308
pints liters .473 milliliters fluid ounces .034
quarts liters .946 liters pints 2.113
gallons liters 3.785 liters quarts 1.057
ounces grams 28.349 liters gallons .264
pounds kilograms .454 grams ounces .035
short tons metric tons .907 kilograms pounds 2.205
pound-feet Newton-meters 1.356 metric tons short tons 1.102
pound-inches Newton-meters .11296

Temperature (Exact)

°F Fahrenheit 5/9 (after Celsius °C

temperature subtracting 32) temperature
PIN: 033701-000
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