FL

B 47093

Test 1

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

TITTLE: PV OFF GRID CONNECTED SYSTEM DESIGN FOR CHALET

Name : Muhamad Irfan Afiq bin Abd Aziz

Student id : 50219218115

Date of submission : 20 April 2020

Lecturer : En Wan Mustafa Bin Wan Sulong

1. Geographical location

Langkawi, officially known as Langkawi, the Jewel of Kedah (Malay: Langkawi

Permata Kedah), is a district and an archipelago of 99 islands (+ 5 small islands
visible only at low tide) in the Andaman Sea some 30 km off the mainland coast of
northwestern Malaysia. The islands are a part of the state of Kedah, which is
adjacent to the Thai border. On 15 July 2008, Sultan Abdul Halim of
Kedah consented to the change of name to Langkawi Permata Kedah in
conjunction with his golden jubilee celebration. By far the largest of the islands is
the eponymous Langkawi Island (Pulau Langkawi), with a population of some
64,792; the only other inhabited island being nearby Tuba Island.
Langkawi is also an administrative district, with the town of Kuah as its largest
town. Pentai Cenang is the most popular beach and tourist area in Langkawi, with
tens of thousands of visitors each year.
Langkawi is a duty-free island.
Resort Schematic Diagram

Mini fridges

Satellite
Dish

Led Bulb Fan LED TV

Refer to Page 7- Diagram 1

: Arrangement of PV Panels

Refer to Page 9- Diagram 2

: Arrangement of Battery
Load Profile

DC
No. Item Load Quantity Hours Watt hours
Power Per Day Per-day –
(w) – H/D WH/D
X Y Z X*Y*Z

1. LED Light 18 3 6 324

Bulb

Total Power (watt) 18 324

DC

AC
1. LED TV 75 1 6 450
21-inch
2. Table Fan 30 2 6 360
3. Mini Bar 80 1 6 480
4. Satellite Dish 50 1 6 300

Total Power (watt) 235 1590

AC

Total Power DC & AC 1914

1.0 PV Module Selection
The selection of a particular PV system is dependent on some
characteristic and warranty in case if any failure.

2.0 PV Array Sizing

The output power of PV array ( PPV array ) is determined by this equation.

PPV array = EId * PSI

ɳB.O * KLoss * Is

i) Eid = 1914W convert to kW = 1.914 kW

ii) Is = 6.5k Per-day kWh/m2/d

iii) ɳB.O = ɳinverter loss * ɳwiring loss

= 0.95 * 0.90 = 0.855

iv) ftemperature = 1 – Ɣ ( Tc – Tstc )

Ɣ = 0.45 ÷ 100 = 0.0045
Tc = Ta.d + 25⁰
= 35 + 25 = 60
Tstc = 25
ftemp = 1 – [ 0.0045 ( 60 – 25 ) ] = 0.8425

v) Kloss = fmanucturing * ftemperature * fdirt

= 0.97 * 0.8425 * 0.95 = 0.776

vi) PPV array = 1.914 * 1000

0.855 * 0.776 * 6.5k

= 0.44381 kW
= 443.81 W
2.1 Number of Modules in Series

i) Nms = Vdc System ÷ Vmodule

= 24 ÷ 18.2
= 1.318 = 1 panel

Number of Modules in Parallel

i) Nmp = PPV array ÷ ( Nms * Pmodules )

= 443.81 ÷ ( 1 * 150 )
= 2.96 = 3 Panels

Number of Total Modules

i) Nmt = Nms * Nmp

=1*3
= 3 Panels

+ - + - + -

Diagram 1 : Arrangement of PV Panels

3.0 Storage (Battery) System Sizing

i) CB = Eid * Na
DOD * Vdc System * ɳbat

Na = 3 Days ( Day without Sun )

DOD = Depth of discharge equal to 60 – 70%

=70% ÷ 100
= 0.7

ɳbat = 85% ÷ 100

= 0.85

CB = 1.914k * 3
0.7 * 24 * 0.85
= 402.100 = 402Ah
ii) Nbat / Nbreq = CB / Ah
= 402/150
= 2.68 = 3 Batteries

iii) Number Batteries in Series

Nbs = Vsystem / Vbat

= 24 / 12
= 2 Batteries

iv) Number Batteries in Parallel

Nbp = Nbat / Nbs

= 2.68 / 2
= 1.34 = 1 Batteries

v) Total Number of Batteries

= Nbs * Nbp
=2*1
= 2 Batteries
 + -

+ -

Diagram 2 : Arrangement of Batteries

4.0 Inverter Sizing

i) Pinvt = ΣAc power * 1.25

= 1.590k * 1.25 Round off
= 2.000k * 1.25
= 2500w Refer to inverter table

5.0 Charge Controller Sizing

i) Imax = Nmp * Isc ( Refer to panel solar) * 1.25

= 3 * 8.31A * 1.25
= 31.16 Amps
Determine:
i. Life cycle cost analysis, LCCA

Cost of PV, Cpv

Cpv = PV rating x Quantity x Price/W = 200 x 2 x 12 = RM 4800
PV lifetime 25 years.
Cost of Batteries, Cb
Since project lifetime = 20 years,
Battery lifetime = 8 years ( Every 8 years, batteries must be replace )
Year 0, N = 0 ( Batteries initial cost , Cb0)
Year 8, N = 8 ( New batteries replaced , Cb1)
Year 16, N=16 ( New batteries replaced , Cb2 )

Cb0 Cb1 Cb2

Cb0 = Ah x Quantity x Price/Ah = 150 x 2 x 3.5 = RM 1050

Cb1, Cb2 can be calculated using equation :

1+𝑖 𝑁
𝐶𝑏1 = 𝐶𝑏0 (1+𝑑)
Inflation rate %, i = 2% = 0.02
Interest rate %, d = 7% = 0.07

Years, N = 8
Cb1 = 1050 [(1+0.02)/(1+0.07)]8 = RM 716

Cb2 at N = 16
Cb2 = 1050 [(1+0.02)/(1+0.07)]16 = RM 488.261

Cinv0 Cinv1

Cinv0 = Rating power x Quantity x price/watt

= 500 x 1 x 2.8 = RM 1400

Cinv1, N = 6 : Cinv1 = 1400 (0.9533)10 = RM 867.809

Installation cost, Cic = installation cost x Cost of PV = 40% x 4800

= RM 1920
Maintenance cost, Cmc
Cmc/year = 2% x Cost of PV = 2% x 4800 = RM 96
For 20 years project lifetime :
1+𝑖 20
1+𝑖 1−( )
1+𝑑
𝐶𝑚𝑐 = 𝐶𝑚𝑐 /𝑦𝑟 (1+𝑑) ⌈ 1+𝑖 ⌉
1−( )
1+𝑑

Cmc = 96 (0.9533 ) [(1-0.953320)/(1-0.9533)] = RM 1206.71

LCCA = Cpv + Cb0 + Cb1 + Cb2 + Cinv0 + Cinv1 + Cic + Cmc

= 4800 + 1050 + 716 + 488.261 + 1400 + 867.809 + 1920 + 1206.71
= RM 12448.72

LCC of a system on a annual basic = ALCC

1+𝑖
1−( )
1+𝑑
𝐴𝐿𝐶𝐶 = 𝐿𝐶𝐶𝐴 [ 1+𝑖 𝑁
]
1−( )
1+𝑑

ALCC = 12448.72 [(1-0.9533)/(1-0.953320)] = RM 944.11

Appendix

i) Battery

ii) PV Solar
 iii) Inverter

Product parameter
Model:MPPT 0.3-1KW 1.5-6KW
power rating(w) 300 700 1500 3000 5000
500 1000 2000 4000 6000
Rated voltage(VDC) 12/24 12/24/48 24/48 48
Battery Charge Current 10AMAX 30AMAX
Battery Type Canbe set
Voltage Range 85-138VAC/170-275VAC
Input
Frequency 45-65Hz
Voltage Range 110VAC/220VAC; ±5%( Inverter mode)
Frequency 50/60Hz ±1%(Inverter mode)
Output wave Pure Sine Wave
Output
Change time <10ms(Typical load)
Frequency >85%(80% Resistive load )
Overcharge 110-120%/30S;> 160%/300ms ;
 Battery over-voltage and low-voltage protection,
Protection function overload
protection, short circuit protection, over-temperature
MPPT Voltage 12VDC:15V~150VDC;24VDC:30V~150VDC;
Range 48VDC:60V~150VDC
12VDC-30A(400W); 12VDC-60A(800W); 24VDC-60A
PV Power
24VDC-30A(800W) (1600W); 48VDC-60A(3200W)
Rated charge
30A(Max) 60A(Max)
Solar current
Controller MPPT efficiency ≥ 99%
Average charging
voltage 12V/14.2VDC;24V/28.4VDC;48V/56.8VDC
(lead acid battery)
Floating charge
12V/13.75VDC;24V/27.5VDC;48V/55VDC
voltage
Operating ambient
-15 ± 50 ºC
temperature
Storage ambient temperature -20 ± 50 ºC
Operating / storage
0-90% No Condensation
environment
Dimensions:W * D * H (mm) 420*320*122 520*420*222
Packing size: W * D * H (mm) 535*435*172 635*535*252
 iv) Charge Controller

Details

Morningstar TriStar 45 Amp, 12/24/48 Volt DC Solar Charge Controller

The TriStar 45 does not come with the optional digital meter. TriStar controllers can
be setup with the DIP switches for other voltages, such as 36 volts for golf cars. The
controller is a three-function PWM controller that provides reliable solar battery
charging, load control or diversion regulation. Uses advanced technology and
automated production to provide exciting new features at a competitive cost. The
controller is UL listed and is designed for both solar home systems and professional
applications. This controller may be used as any one of: load controller, a solar
charge controller, or as a diversion load controller. 60 Amp version TS60 also
available.

5 year warranty