NEPAL THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE

PAPER ON

“THE SIN”

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF

BIBLICAL THEOLOGY OLD TESTAMENT AND NEW TESTAMENT

I DECLARE THAT THIS ASSIGNMENT IS MY OWN WORK. I FURTHER STATE THAT I

HAVE NOT COPIED IT FROM ANY PERSON, BOOK, WEBSITE, ETC. ALL IDEAS OR
PHRASES THAT ARE NOT MY OWN HAVE BEEN ACKNOWLEDGED.

PAPER SUBMITTED TO

SUMAN RAI

BY: PRADIP CHAUDHARY

APRIL 18, 2024

SATDOBATO, NEPAL
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
1. Understanding of Sin...............................................................................................................1
1.1 Etymology.........................................................................................................................1
1.2 Definition of Sin................................................................................................................2
1.3 Origin of Sin......................................................................................................................2
2. Types of Sin.............................................................................................................................3
2.1 The seven deadly Sins...........................................................................................................3
2.2 Mortal and venial sins............................................................................................................3
2.3 Sin of Ignorance.....................................................................................................................3
2.4 The unforgivable sin..............................................................................................................3
3. Why People Commit sin?........................................................................................................4
4. Forgiveness of Sin in Old Testament.......................................................................................4
5. Forgiveness of Sin in New Testament.....................................................................................4
6. Effect of Sin.............................................................................................................................4
6.1 Man’s relationship with God.............................................................................................4
6.2 Effect on man himself............................................................................................................5
6.3 Man’s relationship with other................................................................................................5
6.4 Effect on the World...............................................................................................................5
7. Result of Sin............................................................................................................................5
7.1 Divine disfavor..................................................................................................................6
7.2 Guilt.......................................................................................................................................6
7.3 Death......................................................................................................................................6
7.3.1 Physical Death................................................................................................................6
7.3.2 Spiritual Death................................................................................................................6
7.3.2 Eternal Death..................................................................................................................7
Reflection.........................................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
Bibliography....................................................................................................................................8
Introduction
In this paper the researcher is going to write all about the Sin. As assigned by our teacher,
researcher has used different internet source and library source. The researcher end over to
expose all about sin: understanding of sin, definition, origin, types of sin, why people commit sin
etc. we will know about the lots of information about sin. We did sin in our daily life but how
our sin forgiven in God. Therefore, this paper helps reader to understand more about sin.
Researcher believes that every bit of information is very connected to the topic and that will be
one of the helpful assets for the days to come to deal on the topic of sin.

1. Understanding of Sin
The most important truth about sin is the one least recognized in our day. It is this: all sin is
primarily sin against God. Where sin is understood as merely a moral concept rather than mainly
a religious one, where it is seen primarily as a person-to-person problem rather than as primarily
'theocentric, motivation for fighting sin is decreased and confusion about the character of God is
increased.1 Sin can be argued, nonetheless, that certain fundamentals underlie our diverse
experiences. For instance, we all fail to attain even our own standards of moral achievement, and
we assumed in every-day life that we are in some important sense responsible for our faulty
behavior. From such observations it is but a short step to the conclusion that we are all sinners,
sinners who cannot deliver ourselves from our wrong impulses and action.2

1.1 Etymology
The Hebrew word often translated sin is chata, meaning “to miss,” “to forfeit,” or “to
lack”. The use of chata in Psalm 51:4 capture the idea behind it. After committing
adultery and planning a murder, David confess to God against you, you only have I
sinned, and done this evil in our sight” (NKJV).The basic Greek word for sin is hamartia.
Which means “to miss the mark”(and so not share the prize),“to err” “to sin”. Hamartia is
used in Romans 3:23. “for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God”.3

1
Stephen witmer, “A God – centered understanding,” alliance of confessing evangelicals, accessed 3, April
2024http://www.reformation21.org/articles/a-godcentered-understanding-of-sin.php.
2
J. Nkansah-Obrempong, “Sin,” in Global Dictionary of The Theology, eds William A. Dyrness, and Veli-Matti
Karkkainen (Nottingham, England: Inter-Varsity Press, 2008), 817.
3
Norman L. Geisler, systematic theology(Minneapolis: Bethany house publishers, 2011), 757.

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 1.2 Definition of Sin
“Sin was present in the universe before the fall of Adam and Eve. This is evident from
the present and allegations of the temper in Eden. It was upon the occasion of temptation
that our first parents fell. But it is the origin of sin in the human family which concerns
us. The gravity of the first sin appears in the fact that the command violated was the
summary exhibition of the authority, goodness, wisdom, justice, faithfulness, and grace
of God. Transgression meant the repudiation of His authority, doubt of His goodness,
dispute with his wisdom, rejection of His justice, contradiction of His veracity, and the
spurning of His grace. Along the whole line of God’s perfection sin was the
contradiction. And this ever continues to be the character of sin.4

1.3 Origin of Sin

According to the Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve were the first humans. Christian
Theologians point to the story of Adam and Eve as the Origin of Sin. This story proceeds
that after God created Adam and Eve, he also gave them instruction not to eat of the Tree
of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. A serpent, identified later in the Bible as Satan,
persuaded Eve to eat of the fruit of this tree which God told them not to eat. She gave
some fruit to Adam, and he also ate of it. They gained the Knowledge of Good and Evil,
and then knew they were naked and were ashamed, and hurried to clothe themselves. God
found them and, because they had disobeyed Him, cast them out of the Garden of Eden.
Mercifully, He also bestowed the gift of death, so that they would not live forever,
separate from Him.5

4
J. D. Dauglas,ed.,The New Bible Dictionary(grand rapids, Michigan: W.M.B. EERDMANS publishing,1964),
1189.
5

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 2. Types of Sin
All of us commit various sinful actions during our day-to-day activities. For example, we may
speak harshly with others at work, in order to better understand the concept of sin, we will take a
look at a few types of sins, and whom the consequence of the sin is faced by.

2.1 The seven deadly Sins

The seven deadly sin also known as main sin. “the seven deadly sin, as the list was
established by Thomas Aquinas, include vainglory or pride, envy, anger, sloth or acedia,
covetousness, gluttony, and lust.”6

2.2 Mortal and venial sins

A mortal sin is the complete turning away from God and embracing something else in
place. It’s deadly to the life of grace, because it insults the honor of God and injures the
soul of the sinner. Mortal sin is like a malignant tumor or a critical injury that’s lethal to
the spiritual life.

2.3 Sin of Ignorance

Ignorance of the Lord’s will is in itself sin, we can see in Bible about ignorance in
Matthew 7:21-23 says like this ““Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter
the kingdom of heaven, but the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. On
that day many will say to me, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and cast
out demons in your name, and do many mighty works in your name?’ And then will I
declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from me, you workers of lawlessness.’ Jesus
is clear that it is the thoughts of the rt that defile a person.

2.4 The unforgivable sin

“And the every speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but anyone who
blasphemes against the Holy spirit will not be forgiven” (Luke 12:10). Also,BillyGraham
says that “Only one sin that can’t be forgiven is on God’s list—and that is the sin of
rejecting Him and refusing His offer of forgiveness and new life in Jesus Christ. This

6
M. shuster, “categories of sin,” in Global Dictionary of Theology, ed. William A. Dyrness (England: Inter Varsity
Press, 2008), 825.

3
 alone is the unforgivable sin, because it means we are saying that the Holy Spirit’s
witness about Jesus is a lie.”7

3. Why People Commit sin?

People commit sin because, "There is no fear of God before their eyes" (Romans 3:18). They
have no respect for God, our Creator. But the "whole duty of man" is to "fear God and keep His
commandments" (Ecclesiastes 12:13). People sin because there is temporary pleasure in sin.

4. Forgiveness of Sin in Old Testament

In the Old Testament there were sacrifices for sins. In the Old Testament itself it is
declared in several places like Exodus 34:6-7 that God would and did forgive sin in the
Old Testament. When we see in the Bible the Old Testament there were clearly talks
about sacrifices.

5. Forgiveness of Sin in New Testament

The references to forgiveness in the New Testament are found in the gospels of Matthew,
Mark and Luke. There are so many references. In the (Mark 2:5) when the Jesus saw faith
of paralyzed man and said “Son, your sins are forgiven.” Also, in 1 John the believers are
told that their sins have been forgiven on account of Jesus' name (1 peter 2:12) and that,
if they confess their sins, they will be forgiven (1 peter 1:9).

6. Effect of Sin

6.1 Man’s relationship with God

When the Adam and Eve did sin, they broke a relationship with God. They become afraid
of God and they try to hide from God’s presence. Their communication with God was
broken. When the mankind did sin the result of relationship will break with God.8

7
Billy Graham, “Forgiveness, Jesus Christ, Sin,” in Billy Graham evangelistic association, April 12, 2016, accessed
date April 6, 2024https://billygraham.org/story/whats-the-unforgivable-sin-billy-graham-answers/
8
Simon Chan, Man and Sin (New Delhi: Global University,2005), 141.

4
6.2 Effect on man himself
When the Adam and Eve did sin against God, the first thing he did was to run away and
hide from God. Sin cause the sinner to run from truth. Man loves darkness rather than
light because his deeds are evil (John 3:19).

6.3 Man’s relationship with other

Sin not only affects man himself but also his relationship to others. God’s intention for
human beings to live in harmonious and meaningful relationship, but sin has destroyed
that harmony. As a result of sin, three factors mark human relationship: competition with
others, lack of concern for others, and exploitation for others.

6.4 Effect on the World

We can see in Genesis 1:31, before the fall all creation was “very good”. Following
man’s sin and as a result of it, the ground was cursed. Thorns and thistles began to sprout
out of the earth (Genesis 3:17-19). Man, misuses God’s good gifts and, consequently,
drags the world with him to destruction.

7. Result of Sin
Sin is a very serious matter with every serious consequence. It Is not something that can
be taken lightly and without great concern, for its effects are often both far-reaching and
long-lasting. Sin produces an immediate transformation in the relationship which Adam
and Eve had with God. They had clearly been on close and friendly relationships with
God. They trusted and obeyed him, and on the basis of Genesis 3:8 it can be concluded
that they had customarily had fellowship with God. God provide everything they needed;
however, all of this was changed. Because they had violated the trust and the command
of God, the relationship became quite different. They had placed themselves on the
wrong side of God, and had in effect become his enemies. It was not God who had
changed but Adam and Eve did.

5
 7.1 Divine disfavor
First man Adam and Eve when they did sin, God curse them and banished them from the
garden of the Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken. After drove the
man out, God placed on the east side of the garden of Eden cherubim and a flaming
sword flashing back and forth to guard the way to the tree of life (genesis3:23-24). The
result of sin Adam and Eve they loss the Divine disfavor.

7.2 Guilt
Another result of our sins that affects our relationship with God is guilt. This word needs
some careful explication, for in today’s world usual meaning of the term is guilt feelings,
or the subjective aspect of guilt. 9After Adam and Eve sinned, they lost their relationship
with God. They knew that they had broken Gods law and stood guilty before Him. Sin
makes one guilty.

7.3 Death
Another result of the sin is death. This truth is first pointed out in God’s statement
forbidding Adam and Eve to eat of the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
We can see another verse is directly say’s about result of sin is “for the wages of sin is
death” (roman 6:23). This death which we have deserved has several different aspects:

7.3.1 Physical Death

The mortality of all men is both an obvious fact and truth taught by scripture. Hebrew
9:27 say’s “just as man is destined to die once, and after to face judgment.” While
death entered the world through Adam’s sin, it spread to all human because all
sinned. The Biblical reference to death as a consequence of a sin are understood as
references to spiritual death, separation from God, rather than physical death.10

7.3.2 Spiritual Death

Physical death and spiritual death are both a separation of one thing from another.
Physical death is the separation of the soul from the body, and spiritual death is the
separation of the soul from God. The essence of spiritual death can be seen in the case
9
Millard j. Erickson, Christian theology (Michigan: Baker Academic, 1998), 623.
10
Erickson, Christian theology, 623.

6
 of Adam and Eve. “for when you eat of it you will surely die” they did not immediate
physically death but we need to understand as we have seen, that their potential
morality would become actual. It means spiritual death.

7.3.2 Eternal Death

Eternal death is separation from God which is both qualitatively different form
physical death and everlasting in extent. There is a third type of death in Scripture
that is different from spiritual death and physical death. This is known as eternal
death, or the second death. When the Adam and Eve did sin and they died in
spiritually, Eternally. Romans 6:23 clearly says that “wage of sin is death”.

Reflection
As I was doing my assignment, I found lots of thing about sin. God create whole world and
create mankind also, one of the most wonderful things is that God create man is His own image.
And to dominion over other creation but man did not obey the word of God and commit sin.
Because of sin human being separated from God. While doing this assignment I understand God
is creator of Universe, and provided the needs of all His creation. He is the source of all we need,
the grate provider. Only Creator has the right to rule over His creation. The most important thing
I learned from this paper is that we should not commit sin and should not go against God. If we
commit sin the result of sin is death.

Conclusion
This paper clearly talks about the sin. Sin is a separation from God. God create mankind and they
commit sin so that God banished them from Garden of Eden. The fall of man is the origin of sin.
This paper also talks about types of sin. People commit sin because they didn’t fear God. In Old
Testament sin forgiven through animal sacrifice but in New Testament sin forgiven by
confessing our sin in faith in Jesus Christ. Sin effects our relation with God and also effect in
relationship and effects sinner himself. The consequence of sin is death. Romans 6: 23 says that
“the wage of sin is Death.” Therefore, we should not commit sin and go against God.

7
Bibliography
Bookss
Chan, Simon. Man and Sin. New Delhi: Global University ,2005.
Dauglas J. D. ed. The New Bible Dictionary. grand rapids, Michigan: W.M.B. EERDMANS
publishing,1964.
Erickson Millard j. Christian theology. Michigan: Baker Academic, 1998.
Shuster, M. “sin.” In Global Dictionary of Theology, edited by William A. Dyrness, 825-827.
England: Inter Varsity Press, 2008.
Geisler, Norman L. systematic theology. Minneapolis: Bethany house publishers, 2011.

Obrempong, J. Nkansah. “Sin.” In Global Dictionary of The Theology, edited by William A.

Dyrness and Veli-Matti Karkkainen, 817- 825. Nottingham, England: Inter-Varsity Press, 2008.

Internet

Bavinck, Herman. “the origin of Sin by Herman Bavinck.” Monergism 3, accessed date
5 April, 2024 https://www.monergism.com/origin-sin-herman-bavinck
Graham, Billy. “Forgiveness, Jesus Christ, Sin.” In Billy Graham evangelistic association, April
12, 2016, accessed date 6 April, 2024 https://billygraham.org/story/whats-the-
unforgivable-sin-billy-graham-answers/
witmer, Stephen. “a God – centered understanding.” alliance of confessing evangelicals,
accessed date 3 April, 2024 http://www.reformation21.org/articles/a-godcentered-
understanding-of-sin.php.