CONSTRUCTION GRADE FIRE PROTECTION

BOVIA 279

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INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURER
http://www.boviainc.com
http://www.boviainc.com
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    BOVIA Inc was established through highly experienced technical individuals
with single vision of providing qualified passive fire protection systems.
One mission of protecting valuable assets that include, human lives to Invested
structures, BOVIA Inc is here to provide preventative solutions to everyday hazards
t that is unpredictable.
BOVIA 279 is a low density, exterior grade, heavy duty, cementitious fire proofing
material ideal for construction buildings.
This passive fire protection system can provide various hours of fire protection that
meets design specification of UL (Underwriters Laboratories Inc.) standard 263 for
commercial, residential and other construction buildings.
Additionally, BOVIA 279 can be used to enhance the fire resistance of an existing
concrete.
Developed through extensive research, BOVIA 279 provides remarkable physical
properties that promote high quality and prolonged durability.


QUALITY ASSURANCE
PROPERTY AND PERFORMANCE
 BOVIA Inc is certified and
operates strictly under ISO
 9001:2000 management Property Typical Results Test Method
 system Color Light Grey
 Test equipment are daily
monitored and maintained in Trowelled Density 34.0 pcf (544 kg/ี)
 accordance with quality ASTM E 605
Sprayed Density 25.0 pcf (400 kg/ี)
 standards.
Combustibility Non-combustible ASTM E 136
 The information given in this
data sheet is based on actual 20 kPa
 tests. Adhesive Strength ASTM E 736-00
(2.9 Psi)
 28 days
130kPa
 Compressive ASTM E 761-92
(18.9 Psi)
Strength

Tested by :
 Fire Resistance
● UL 263



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construction building as well as “UL-263”.

BOVIA 279 have been developed through fine-tuned chemistry that provides
extreme fire protection, resistant to damage, user-friendly application, and
capacity to withstand various climate conditions.


BOVIA 279 can be spray applied with wide a range of conventional plaster pumping
equipment along with paddle mixers and most continuous mixers.


Product 
Performance Benefits
Feature
 HEALTH AND SAFETY
Water 
16~18 liters of water per bag
consumption
 Proper ventilation must be
 present during application.
Hydration
Lower than other competing products.
heat  Avoid contact with the skin
and eyes.
Drying 
Decreased through reduction of Cement and Water.
shrinkage  Always wear protective gear
such as helmets, goggles,
Minimized through pozzolan and hydration reaction, along with  masks, gloves, safety shoes,
Crack etc.
low water and cement content. 
 If the eyes are affected, flush
Long term Increased strength through pozzolan and hydration reaction with plenty of water and seek
strength mechanism.  medical attention immediately.
 Material safety data sheet is
Compressive Increased bond strength provides increased resistance to
strength damage.  available from BOVIA upon
request







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 TEST AND CERTIFICATE
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The fire performance of any system will vary depending on the heating

conditions to which it is exposed. National and international fire curves
have been developed for differing fire exposures.Examples of fire curves
carried out in test furnace areas follows:


 Fire Proofing rating of BOVIA 279 (UL 263)

TEST CURVE Fire protection thickness requirements are often specified in the owner
or client’s engineering codes of practice.
The Standard Cellulosic BOVIA 279 Spray-applied Fire Resistive Material’s Thickness meet the
Curve (ISO 834) requirement of UL 263
In this test, the average
Fire protection thickness requirements are often specified in the owner
furnace temperature from
or client’s engineering codes of practice.
which these ratings are
BOVIA 279 Spray-applied Fire Resistive Material’s thickness meets the
derived is 1000°F(538°C) at 5
requirement of UL 263.
min., 1550°F(843°C) at 30
min., and 1925°F(1052°C) at
The thickness of Spray-applied Fire Resistive Material is shown below
180 min. This curve is used table.
worldwide for the simulation of (mm)
normal building fire.
Thickness
Fire Ratings
1 hr 1-1/2 hr 2 hr 2-1/2 hr 3 hr 4 hr

Column 19 24 29 35 40 51

Fluted Floor 9 10 15 19 24 33

For detail, please refer to UL Certificate (Design No N862 and X856) of

the attachment in the back of this manual or at the UL website.


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PROCEDURE DESCRIPTION

BOVIA 279 application should be carried out in the temperature

୅~ 45୅(114ȕ).
range of 4୅
Substrate (When the air temperatures exceed 45୅(114ȕ), please consult

Preparation with BOVIA Inc. prior to application work.) 

The substrate must be clean and free from any moisture, concrete

laitance, oils, loose millscale, loose rust, and other foreign
contaminants that may prevent proper adhesion of material. 



 

• Mix BOVIA 279 with 16-18 liters of water per bag in a
mixer approved by BOVIA Inc. Mixing time will be 3-5 minutes.  REPAIR
Mix Cut damaged area back to

& • Spray BOVIA 279 with an even steady sweeps to achieve even well bonded surface
coats on to the substrate with spray head directed at 90º  Remove any loose
Spray (Perpendicular) to the work surface.  product and debris
 Apply fresh product with
• Specific details refer to the Application Manual of BOVIA 279. masonry tools 

 STORAGE
Off the ground, be covered
 and kept dry until ready for
use
 Avoid any contact with
 moisture.
• Bovia 279 may be applied when the substrate and air
 SHELF LIFE
temperatures are at least 4ºC and rising, but should not
be applied if the substrate or air temperatures are less  Maximum 12 months
than 4ºC and falling. 
Limitations 
PACKAGING
• Maximum substrate and air temperature is 45ºC(114ȕ),  12 kg per bag

• Substrate temperature should be at least 4ºC above
dew point temperature 






REFINERY GRADE FIRE PROTECTION

BOVIA 271

INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURER
http://www.boviainc.com
http://www.boviainc.com
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BOVIA Inc was established through highly experienced technical individuals with
single vision of providing qualified passive fire protection systems.
One mission of protecting valuable assets that include, human lives to invested
structures, BOVIA Inc is here to provide preventative solutions to everyday hazards
that is unpredictable.
BOVIA 271 is a medium density, exterior grade, heavy duty, cementitious fireproofing

material ideal for refinery plant.
This passive fire protection system can provide various hours of fire protection
that meets design specification of UL (Underwriters Laboratories Inc.)1709
for on-shore and off-shore refinery plant.
Developed through extensive research, BOVIA 271 provides remarkable physical
properties that promote high quality and prolonged durability.

 

QUALITY ASSURANCE

BOVIA Inc is certified and

operates strictly under ISO PROPERTY AND PERFORMANCE
 9001:2000 management
system
 Property Typical Results Test Method
Test equipment are daily
 monitored and maintained in
 accordance with quality Color Light Grey
standards.

The information given in this Min Density 47.0 pcf (752 kg/ี) ASTM E 605
 data sheet is based on actual
 tests. Combustibility Non-combustible ASTM E 136

780 kPa
Adhesive Strength ASTM E 736-00
 (113.1 Psi)
 28 days 3,890 kPa
ASTM E 761-92
Compressive Strength (564 Psi)

Tested by :
 Fire Resistance
● UL 1709









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Limited number of products are able to endure the environmental conditions

ofoil & gas plant under the test “Hydrocarbon Curve”.

BOVIA 271 have been developed through fine-tuned chemistry that provides
extreme fire protection, resistant to damage, user-friendly application, and
capacity to withstand various climate conditions.


BOVIA 271 can be spray applied with wide range of conventional plaster
pumping equipment along with paddle mixers and most continuous mixers.

Product 
Performance Benefit
Feature 
HEALTH AND SAFETY
Water 
12~15 liters of water per bag
consumption 
Proper ventilation must be
Hydration  present during application.
Lower than other competing product.
heat 
Avoid contact with the skin
 and eyes.
Drying
Decreased through reduction of Cement and Water. 
shrinkage Always wear protective gear
such as helmets, goggles,

Minimized through pozzolan and hydration reaction, along with masks, gloves, safety shoes,
Crack  etc.
low water and cement content.
 If the eyes are affected, flush
Long term Increased Strength through pozzolan and hydration reaction with plenty of water and seek

strength mechanism. medical attention immediately.

Material safety data sheet is
Bond Failure preventive measures (dis-bondment) that may lead to  available from BOVIA upon
strength cracks request.

Compressive Increased bond strength provides increased resistance to 
strength damage. 







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Ÿ7. TEST AND CERTIFICATE

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The fire performance of any system will vary depending on the heating
conditions to which it is exposed. National and international fire curves
have been developed for differing fire exposures. Examples of fire curves
carried out in test furnace areas follows:

TEST CURVE

Hydrocarbon Curve Fire Proofing rating of BOVIA 271 (UL 1709)

It is a model of ventilated oil
fire in petroleum plant.
In this test, the average
furnace temperature from
which these ratings are Fire protection thickness requirements are often specified in the owner
derived is 1093°C at 5 min., or client’s engineering codes of practice.
1100°C at 30 min and remains
constant up to 120 minutes.
BOVIA 271 Spray-applied Fire Resistive Material’s thickness meets the
requirement of UL 1709.

The thickness of Spray-applied Fire Resistive Material are shown below table.
(mm)
Fire Ratings 1 hr 1-1/2 hr 2 hr 2-1/2 hr 3 hr 4 hr

Thickness 25 31 37 42 48 60

For detail, please refer to UL Certificate (Design No XR736) of the

attachment in the back of this manual or at the UL website.


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APPLICATION
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PROCEDURE DESCRIPTION


• BOVIA 271 application should be carried out in the temperature

range of 4୅(40ȕ)~ 45୅(114ȕ).
(When the air temperatures exceed 45 C(114 F), please consult
Substrate with BOVIA Inc. prior to application work.) 
Preparation

• The substrate must be clean and free from any moisture, 
concrete laitance, oils, loose millscale, loose rust, and 
other foreign contaminants that may prevent proper adhesion of 
material.




 
• Mix BOVIA 271 with 12-15 Liter of water per bag in a

mixer approved by BOVIA Inc. Mixing time will be 3-5 minutes. REPAIR
Mix  Cut damaged area back to
& • Spray BOVIA 271 with an even steady sweeps to achieve even well bonded surface

coats on to the substrate with spray head directed at 90º
Spray Remove any loose
(Perpendicular) to the work surface. 
product and debris
 Apply fresh product with
• Specific details refer to the Application Manual of BOVIA 271.
 masonry tools 

 STORAGE
 Off the ground, be covered
and kept dry until ready for
 use. Avoid any contact with
moisture.

• Bovia 271 may be applied when the substrate and air
temperatures are at least 4º(40ȕ)and rising, but should not  SHELF LIFE
Maximum 12 months
be applied if the substrate or air temperatures are less 

than 4ºC(40ȕ)and falling.  THEORETICAL
Limitations
 COVERAGE
• Maximum substrate and air temperature is 45ºC(114ȕ).
 Approximately 1.2ั/bag
at 19mm thickness
• Substrate temperature should be at least 4ºC(40ȕ)above 
dew point temperature
 PACKAGING
20.5 kg per bag
 (Including bag weight)




Manual
BOVIA 279
BOVIA 271

INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURER
http://www.boviainc.com
http://www.boviainc.com

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BOVIA 1.INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Types of Fire Protection

General fire protection can be subdivided into two

categories, active and passive fire protection.

1.1.2 Passive Fire Protection

This system incorporates physical application of thermal
conductivity reduction mechanism or flame
spreadreduction system to protect the structure from
collapse.This protection is essential for components
of variousindustrial structures such as steel
columns, beams, vessels, supports, equipment, etc.

BOVIA Inc has been established with single focus

onproviding the most qualified passive fire
protectionsystems. With more than 30 years of
experience in thecommercial, petrochemical, tunnels,
1.2 Why Fire protection is necessary?
onshore, offshore and other oil & gas industrial sectors,
BOVIA Inc.
1.2.1 Potential Risks of Fire
has gathered all technical flaws and researched to
Petrochemical facilities such as oil refineries and gas
develop the most advanced products.
plants carry potential risk of hydrocarbon fire. Highly
flammable liquids, fumes and gases burn at much higher
1.1.1 Active Fire Protection
temperatures than regular commercial building o r
This method of fire protection employs manual or
residential units. The temperatures can reach ove r
automated means to detect, alert, activate, suppress and
1,000 Cwithin 5 minutes from igniting.
extinguish the threat and potential destruction of fire. The
The hydrocarbon fire delivers initial damage by heating
system may include smoke detectors, sprinkler systems,
the
smoke ventilation system, fire extinguishers, fire reel
s te el be yon d i ts me l t in g po in t , th e s tee l tha t i s
hose, etc.
a crucial support for equipment, vessels, or pipelines that


2CIG

BOVIA 1. INTRODUCTION

hold extreme volatile and flammable liquids and gases. Under test condition a hydrocarbon fire will reach a
The damage initially occurs when these structural steel temperature of 900°C in 5 minutes, whilst a cellulosic fire
supports melt, collapse and causing the equipment, will take 60 minutes to reach the same level.
vessels and pipelines to break and rupture releasing
flammable liquids and gases exposing them to the fire. 1.3.1 Cellulosic Fire
During this period, it will create difficult situations to Cellulosic fires are those that are sustained by cellulosic
operate emergency isolation valves, vent vessels, or products (eg., timber, fabrics, paper, etc) encountered in
other means to restrict or stop the flow of these flammable such buildings as offices, hospitals, shopping malls,
liquids and gases. In result, the fire is increased exponentially schools, etc.
and human capacity of preventative and extinguishable
measures decrease drastically.

1.2.2 The Value of Fire Protection

Installing a proper defense mechanism against high rise
fires that reach significant temperatures create opportunities
in saving valuable assets such as human lives and
prized structures. Preventative measures for protecting
against structural collapse 1.3.2 Hydrocarbon Fire
may provide other opportunities of counter measures Hydrocarbon fire is the rapid rise fire fueled by hydrocarbon
against initial fire hazards. compounds, having a high flame temperature achieved
BOVIA 271 and BOVIA 279 are designed and developed almost instantaneously after ignition. This hydrocarbon
to create a barrier and to reduce the transfer of heat, fire will spread rapidly, burn fiercely and produce a high
preventing the steel from reaching its melting point and heat flux, and unfortunately, we are exposed to the
collapsing. This passive protection system is ideal for potential risk of this hydrocarbon fire in petroleum plant.
hydrocarbon fires. In addition, this fire protection will Actually, there are lots of types of hydrocarbon fire
prevent flame spread situations and provide an opportunity related with petrochemical fuels, and some of them can
to access emergency shut off values and other safety be discriminated as follows.
systems located in various areas of the facility.

1.3 Types of fire

Like fire protection systems, fires are also divided into two
categories. They are classified as either cellulosic or
hydrocarbon. In fire protection terms, the difference
between the two types of fire is the time it takes for the
fire to reach its maximum temperature ranges.


 2CIG

BOVIA 1. INTRODUCTION

1) Pool Fire 3)Running Liquid Fire

This classification of hydrocarbon fire can be described Similar to pool fires, yet this fire occurs when the
when a liquid fuel is accumulated within a certain confined flammable liquid is ignited during a flow rather than
area over a period of time ignites through spark or other stored in a confined area.
means of combustion. This confined area can be outside
or inside a containing source.

2) Jet Fire 4)BLEVE(Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour

Jet fire occurs when a highly flammable liquid, gas or vapor Explosion) /Fire ball
is ignited during a release through an opening at high When storage tank is heated beyond tolerable conditions,
pressurized speed. This combustion has a much higher internal gases expand as temperature drastically increases.
intensity rate as the flame is focused to a point in a certain BLEVE occurs when a fuel tank explodes and creates a
direction but less in overall size when compared to a fireball
pool fire.


2CIG

BOVIA 1. INTRODUCTION

6) Cryogenic Spill
Cryogenic liquids have boiling points less than -100°F
(-73°C). The most-commonly used gases that are
transported, handled, and stored as liquids at cryogenic
*The fireball is usually associated to the sudden loss of temperatures are oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen,
containment of a pressurized liquefied fuel, typically LPG. helium, and liquefied natural gas.
The two-phase cloud can burn only on its outer surface The primary hazards associated with cryogenic liquids
as inside there is no oxygen. This phenomenon has a are fire/explosion, asphyxiation, sudden release of
short duration, but the thermal radiation intensity can be pressure, frostbite/cryogenic burns/hypothermia, and
very strong. structural embrittlement. In the point of fire/explosion,
oxygen has a higher boiler point (-183°C) than cryogenic
liquids such as nitrogen (-195°C), hydrogen (-252.7), and
helium (-269°C).
The ignition process by the spill of Cryogenic liquids is as
follow picture.

5) Cloud Fire / Flash Fire

When a flammable vapor cloud –usually generated from
a liquid spill or a two-phase release–is ignited, the cloud
can catch fire and burn rapidly and a flash fire occurs.
It is a quick and short phenomenon which can be
accompanied by mechanical effects (blast).


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BOVIA 1. INTRODUCTION

1.4 Passive Fire Protection Standards requirements and test certificate which is requested by
Onshore petrochemical facilities are structurally Oil & Gas EPC projects.
protected against various types of hydrocarbon fires.
Steel supports of vessels, pipe racks, equipment, or Below are test standards in accordance with type of fires.
storage tanks are coated with passive fire protection to
Types of Fire Test Standard
prevent collapse and further hazards of fire or explosion.
These passive fire protection materials are extensively UL 263 / ISO 834
Cellulosic Fire
tested and certified in accordance to specific conditions ASTM E-119
and extreme temperatures that reflect the actual conditions
Pool Fire UL 1709
of high rise temperature fires. Underwriters Laboratories
Inc. (UL), British Standards (BS), American Society for
Liquid BLEVE FM Approval 4971
Materials and Testing (ASTM), etc. have specific designed
Running UL 1709/
standards when protection against various hydrocarbon
Liquid Fire ASTM E 1529 /
fires Hydro
UL 1709/ ISO 22899
Carbon Jet Fire
OTI 95 634
1.4.1 Fire Test for Commercial Building fire
Cellulosic fires which are sustained by cellulosic UL 1709/
Flash Fire
products(eg., timber, fabrics, paper, etc) Gas ASTM E 1529 /

encountered in commercial buildings is usually UL 1709 /

Cryogenic
tested and certified by UL 263, ASTM E-119 and ISO LNG Spillage
Spill
834. Resistance

1.4.2 Fire Test for Oil and Gas plant

Steel elements to be fire proofed generally include steel As BOVIA 271 and BOVIA 279are tested and certified by

structures/piperacks, supports of equipment containing UL 263 and UL 1709 respectively, installation of BOVIA

flammable, combustible or toxic chemicals and supports 271 and BOVIA 279 on structural steel is the best

of major equipment, with the aim to avoid escalation of choice for saving assets and lives against potential

damages during a major fire accident onsite. fire risk.

In plants processing or storing large inventories of liquid

hydrocarbons, steel structures are usually tested and
accepted by pool fire test.
On the other hand, plants that handle pressurized gas or
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) are likely to require
jetfire test. The choice of the appropriate type and
specification of PFP depends very much on the specific


2CIG

BOVIA 2. FIRE TEST

2. FIRE TEST

2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF TESTING 2.2 FIRE TEST METHOD

BOVIA 271 and BOVIA 279 have been tested extensively

through Underwriters Laboratories Inc. UL 1709 and UL 2.2.1 Cellulosic Time-Temperature Curve

263 are a “standard for rapid rise fire tests of protection This curve is used world widely for the simulation and

materials for structural steel” and “fire test of building evaluation of normal building fire.

construction and materials” respectively that simulate fire In this test, the average furnace temperature from which

and heat conditions of severe circumstances. The test these ratings are derived is 1000°F(538°C) at5 min.,

evaluates to certify the thermal resistance performance 1550°F(843°C) at 30 min., 1850°F(1010°C) at 120 min,

of the applied material meant to protect the structural and 1925°F(1052°C) at 180 min.

components. In addition to the fire tests, UL 1709 also

test various other environmental conditions. These test 2.2.2 Hydrocarbon Curve

methods are specifically designed to qualify only suitable In this test, the fire resistant material such as BOVIA 271

fireproof materials to enter the market. is applied to a structural component according to the
specific guidelines, properly cured, and placed into a
furnace for evaluation. The temperature of the furnace
according to the UL 1709 standard reaches 1,100 °C
within 5 minutes and kept constant throughout the duration
of the test. The total minutes of resistance required will
be dependent to the total thickness of applied material.
Several thermocouples are placed within the material to
measure each individual temperature of distinct steel
sections and compared to the furnace temperature. This
results the overall thermal conductivity performance to
ensure proper protection.


 2CIG

BOVIA 3. BOVIA MATERIAL TECHONOLOGY

3. BOVIA MATERIAL TECHONOLOGY

3.1 Slag
Slag, often called Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag
(GGBFS), is one of the most consistent materials used in
concrete. GGBFS is a byproduct collected at the bottom
of the blast furnace during iron manufacturing process. HKPGRCTVKENGUQHHN[CUJ

3.4 The Benefits of Using Fly Ash

3.4.1 Improved performance

1)Reduced heat of hydration.
The pozzolanic reaction between fly ash and lime
generates less heat, resulting in reduced thermal
cracking when fly ash is used to replace a percentage
fine particles of slag) of Portland Cement. Generally the early-age heat

3.2 The Benefits of Using slag generation of a cement fly ash mixture is 30% less than

Using slag to replace a portion of portland cement in a that of an equivalent mass of Portland cement*.

concrete mixture is a useful method to make concrete

<Graph 1–Comparison of hydration heat>
better and more consistent. Among the measurable
improvements are:
• Improved concrete workability
• Enhanced finishability
• Increased compressive and flexural strengths
• Lower permeability
• Higher resistance to aggressive chemicals

3.3 Fly Ash

< Reference>:
Fly ash is a by-product of burning pulverized coal in an
* “Fly Ash in Portland Cement Concrete” at webpage of CIRCA
electrical generating station. Specifically, it is the unburned
Course by University of New Brunswick
residue that is carried away from the burning zone in the * “Clean Electricity Through Advanced Coal Technologies” by Nicholas
boiler by the flue gases and then collected by either P. Cheremisinoff
* “Optimizing the Use of Fly Ash in Concrete” by Michael Thomas,
mechanical or electrostatic separators.
Ph.D., P.Eng., Professor of Civil Engineering, University of New
Brunswick


2CIG

BOVIA 3. BOVIA MATERIAL TECHONOLOGY

<Graph 3–Comparison of permeability>

2)Greater strength.
Fly ash increases in strength over time, continuing to
combine with free lime*.

<Graph 2–Comparison of strength>

< Reference>
* “Clean Electricity Through Advanced Coal Technologies” by
Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
*“Learning Module on Traditional and Non-Traditional Uses of Coal
Combustion Products” by Association of Canadian Industries
< Reference> Recycling Coal Ash
*“Sustainable Solution for Construction Industry by Using Fly Ash” in
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering on Issue 6(Nov-
Dec. 2014)
4)Increased durability.
The lower permeability of cement with fly ash also helps
keep aggressive compounds on the surface, where

3)Decreased permeability. destructive action is lessened. Fly ash cement is also

The use of a pozzolan like fly ash tends to decrease the more resistant to attack by sulfate, mild acid, and other

formation of weak boundary layers between the cement aggressive agents*.

<Reference>
paste matrix and the normally impermeable aggregates.
* “Making Better Concrete with material from America's Coal Ash
Although initially more permeable than a concrete made
Leader” by Headwater Resources Inc
without fly ash after several years, a concrete with 25%
fly ash can have a coefficient of permeability at least 5)Reduced efflorescence.
one order of magnitude less than a concrete without fly Fly ash chemically binds free lime and salts that
ash*. This leads to enhanced durability as aggressive cancreate efflorescence. The lower permeability of
agents cannot attack the concrete from within but are cement with fly ash can help to hold efflorescence-
restricted to the concrete surface. producing compounds inside the cement.


 2CIG

BOVIA 3. BOVIA MATERIAL TECHONOLOGY

2)Increased ease of pumping.

<Picture 1–Hydration mechanism>
Pumping requires less energy; longer pumping distances
are possible.
3)Improved finishing.
Sharp, clear architectural definition is easier to achieve.
4)Reduced slump loss.
More dependable cement allows for greater working time,
especially in hot weather*.

3.4.2 The ball-bearing effect

1)Reduced bleeding.
Fewer bleed channels decreases porosity and chemical
attack. Bleed streaking is reduced for architectural
finishes. Improved paste results in enhanced bond
strengths*.
< Reference>
<Graph 4–Comparison of Bleeding>
*“High volume fly ash concrete in construction” by
C. Avinash, Research Scholar, MR
T. Sandeep, Asst. Prof, MREC
S. Ashok Kumar, Asst. Prof, MREC

< Reference>
* ““SLAG cement in high performance concrete” in slag cement
Concrete, Bo. 15 by Slag Cement Association


2CIG

BOVIA 3. BOVIA MATERIAL TECHONOLOGY

3.5 What is hydration of cement 3.6 What is pozzolan and pozzolan reaction?
When Portland cement is mixed with water its chemical A pozzolan is a siliceous or siliceous and
compound constituents undergo a series of chemical aluminousmaterial which, in itself, possesses little or no
reactions that cause it to harden. This chemical reaction cementitious value but which will, in finely divided
with water is called "hydration". Each one of these reactions form and in the presence of water, react chemically with
occurs at a different time and rate. Together, the results calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperature to form
of these reactions determine how portland cement hardens compounds possessing cementitious properties. The
and gains strength. broad definition of a pozzolan imparts no bearing on the
origin of the material, only on its capability of reacting with
calcium hydroxide and water. Pozzolana are naturally-
occurring pozzolans of volcanic origin.
<Chemical Equation of Hydration of Cement>
CaO + H2O =>Ca(OH)2 + Heat (120cal/g)

Natural Pozzolana (volcanic ash) deposits situated in

Southern California in the United States
<Chemical Equation of Pozzolan Reaction>
Ca(OH)2 + [SiO2 , A l2O3] = 3CaO·2SiO2·3H2O
3CaO·A l2O3·6H2O


 2CIG

BOVIA 4. BOVIA MATERIAL PERFORMANCE PROPERTY

4. BOVIA 279, BOVIA 271PERFORMANCE should permit the cement/concrete to be produced at a

lower water content when compared to a portland
PROPERTY
cement concrete of the same workability. Although the
exact amount of water reduction varies widely with the
4.1 Characteristic
nature of the flyash and other parameters of the mix, a
gross approximation is that each 10% of fly ash should
4.1.1 Greater Strength
allow a water reduction of at least 3%.(*)
It is usually well known that compressive strength of
<Reference> :
replacing a certain mass of portland cement with an *Optimizing the Use of Fly Ash in Concrete” by Michael Thomas,
equal mass of low-calcium fly ash decrease the early Ph.D., P.Eng., Professor of Civil Engineering, University of New
age strength. Brunswick

However, long-term flexural and tensile strength cement

is also much improved due to the continuing pozzolanic 4.1.5 Increased long-term Fire resistant

reaction. When other cementitious fire proofing materials are

exposed to the external severe surroundings

4.1.2Decreased permeability. such as industrial atmosphere(CO2& SO2 air mixture),

Long-term pozzolanic action of fly ash and slag followed aging, high humidity, salt spray, freeze and dry cycling,

by hydration of cement which ties up free lime, results in they are easily corrosive(This corrosion leads to the

fewer bleed channels and decreases permeability. decrease of fire rating thickness) and cracked which make

This means BOVIA 271and BOVIA 279 have less porosity metal lath or wire mesh easily rusted, eventually lead to

than other vermiculite based cement materials. the malfunction of fire resistance.
However, BOVIA 271 and BOVIA 279 have

4.1.3 Increased durability. excellent permeability and corrosive resistance to external

Fly ash and slag reduce the permeability of concrete to aggressive surroundings and maintain the fire resistance

water and gas provided the concrete is adequately cured. continuously.

BOVIA 271 and BOVIA 279 contain fly ash or slag,

although exposed in external severe environments such 4.1.6 No asbestos content

as industrial atmosphere(CO 2& SO2 air mixture), aging, Certified by Kang-won University, in South Korea, BOVIA

high humidity, salt spray, freeze and dry cycling exposure 271 and BOVIA 279 tested negative for any asbestos

and others for a long term, but still keeps its high physical content.

properties.

4.1.4Increased workability and ease of pumping.

The use of good quality fly ash with a high fineness and
low carbon content reduces the water demand of
cement/concrete and, consequently, the use of fly ash


2CIG

BOVIA 5. BOVIA 279 APPLICATION

5. BOVIA 279 APPLICATION 5.2 Spray

BOVIA 279 should be sprayed to give an even coating

5.1 Surface Preparation onto the substrate. Even coats are obtained with steady
sweeps of the spray nozzle head at 90°C to the work

BOVIA 279 is spray applied on various substrates of surface.The adequate amount of air introduced at the

steel column, steel beam, steel deck and concrete. Strict nozzle is essential to ensure consistency of texture and

preparation of substrates prior to application ensures the correct density of material usually 2.0 ~ 3.5bar

proper performance of BOVIA 279 with optimal adherence. (30~50psi).The thickness of the first coat should be

Substrates must be free from dirt, dust, oil, and any other approximately 15mm:thethickness of the second coat

foreign contaminants. may be increased to approximately 25mm.

The substrate may be coated with primers that may NOT However, one coat thickness could be increased to 50 mm

be compatible with BOVIA 279. Consult the manufacturer following surroundings condition.

for technical information. BOVIA 279 can be applied directly The lead time between two coats will be subject to the

on to steel column, steel beams, steel deck, and concrete environmentconditionsatthetimeofapplicationbutwillnotbeles

after proper substrate preparation is complete in absence sthan8hours.Ifthesurfacehasbecomeverydry, it should be

of reinforcement. well dampened with clean water before applying

the next coat.

Note : Maximum air temperature must not exceed 45

C(114 F)during application.
(When the air temperatures exceed 45 C(114 F), please
consult with BOVIA Inc. prior to application work.)

BOVIA 279 requires 16 Liters to 18 Liters of clean

water(Odorless, Colorless) per bag.
The proper mixing time is approximately 3minutes.

Note:
Always check the consistency of the material after mixing 5.3Trowelling.

to ensure proper performance during application. The product surface may not be hand trowel. However,

The material should NOT contain excess or insufficient where BOVIA 279 remains visible or it is finishing material

water amount. This will be dependent on the site itself, it is recommended that it is trowel finished. In case

conditions, such as temperature, humidity, etc. of troweling, be sure not to overwork BOVIA 279 as this

Mixed material may cause slippery hazards when left can cause separation of the mix components and result in

unattended on floors, walls, scaffolding, ladders, etc. cracking.

Proper cleanup must be practiced at all times. The product must be hand trowel within 30 minutes of


 2CIG

BOVIA 5. BOVIA 279 APPLICATION

applying the final coat.

The recommended thickness tolerance is 2)The properties
-2mm to +3mm of the thickness.
Description Property

Material
Acrylic emulsion with water repellent agents
Component

Color and
Light Grey
finish

Typical
Recommended dry film thickness 55ห
thickness

Theoretical
7.3ั/liter at 55 microns DFT
coverage

Curing By air drying

Dry through 1 hour at 25°C

Drying time
Dry to recoat After 3 hour
5.4 Top Coating
BOVIA 279 does not require a top coat system application. Packing 18 Liters / can

When applicator needs to applicate top coat under the Storage

12 months
Duration
Client’s requirement, he has to use the top coating
material that BOVIA recommends.
Note: 3) Application Procedure

Prior to application of a selected top coat, consult the £Surface Preparation

manufacturer to ensure compatibility. The substrate needs to be free of the following
conditions for proper adhesion:
• Loose mill scale, loose rust, oil or dirt
5.4.1 BOVIA Top Coat P
• Concrete form oils
1) The characteristic
• Other foreign materials that may prevent proper
BOVIA TOP COAT P is designed for alkali surfaces to
bonding of a Portland cement product.
protect against water and normal to harsh weather
ingconditions. It is also used to protect BOVIA 271 or ¤Mixing
BOVIA 279 from conditions where repetitive washing is Add water in 10:1 ratio of paint : Water and mix well.
required. (e.g. 18 liters pail requires 1.8 liters of water.)
Exceptional adhesive properties and durability provides
¥ Application
suitable protection against different types of climate and
• BOVIA Top Coat P can be applied through an airless
environmental conditions.
spray device or a normal paint roller.


2CIG

BOVIA 5. BOVIA 279 APPLICATION

• Spray or use a roller to apply BOVIA Top Coat P on to 3) Recommendation for use
a dry fire proofed surface and achieve the required BOVIA WR Top Coat is exclusively designed for concrete,
thickness. cement mortar, masonry, wood, tile, plaster and all types

¦ Application Condition ofwall and sloping roof, where it is subject to come in

contact with water molecules.
• The air temperature should be at least 4C(40 F)~45 C
Further Uses:
(114F)
ූVarious types of cement and concrete.
• Relative humidity : up to 85%.
ූMineral Plaster
ූCement Fiber Boards
5.4.2 BOVIA WR Top Coat
ූSand-Lime Brickwork
1) The characteristic
BOVIA WR Top Coat is Water Repellent and an aqueous ූMineral Based, Natural and Artificial Stones

emulsion derivative of silane/siloxanes. ූMineral Paints

This is free of volatile organic components where it is used

4) Application Procedure
to create an impenetrable layer between the environment
and applied BOVIA 271and BOVIA 279, especially £Surface Preparation

resistant to water molecules. The application medium surface must be dry and free
BOVIA WR Top Coat is supplied in a solution of water with from loose debris that may block proper penetration and
30% concentration of active ingredients. absorption of BOVIA WR Top Coat. There should be no
other coating medium present prior to application.
2)The properties
¤ Application
Description Property The material should not be atomized or applied with a
Material brush(contamination of the impregnation liquid can
Silane/Siloxanes
Component
cause de-emulsifying).
Color and
Milky white
finish ¥ Application Condition
The material is absorbed on the surface pores
Typical
of the applied medium, therefore, thickness is • The air temperature should be at least 4 C (40 F) ~
thickness
not applicable.
45 C(114F)
Theoretical
0.7 liters /ั
coverage • Relative humidity : up to 85%.

Curing Through proper ventilation. • Most delivery devices for liquids are suitable here
24 Hours from time of application. (e.g. airless spray-guns).
Curing time will be dependent on ambient
• The material should not be atomized or applied with a
Drying time conditions. High humidity and low
temperature will impact and prolong time of brush (contamination of the impregnation liquid can
curing.
cause de-emulsifying).
Packing 18 liters / can
Note : When the air temperatures exceed 45 C(114 F),
Storage please consult with BOVIA Inc. prior to application
6 months
Duration
work.


 2CIG

BOVIA 5. BOVIA 279 APPLICATION

5.5 Repair
When repair work of BOVIA 279 is needed, BOVIA 279
BT is strongly recommended for damaged area.
For the area of damaged BOVIA 279, BOVIA 279 BT
maybe spray applied or trowel finished. The repair
procedures are as follows.

• Cut away any loose material in and around the

damaged area.
• Remove the remaining debris with brush or wash with
clean water.
• Mix BOVIA 279BT in accordance with the mixing
procedure.
• Soak or dampen the cleaned area of the damage with
clean water.
• Spray the damaged area with BOVIA 279BT and finish
to the level with existing material.

Note:
When troweled application is used for repairs, be sure to
obtain the material from the spray nozzle prior to
troweled repair.


2CIG

BOVIA 6. BOVIA 271 APPLICATION

6. BOVIA 271 APPLICATION 6.2 Welding Pin installation

6.1 Surface Preparation 6.2.1 Welding Pin& Self-Locking Washer System

BOVIA 271 is spray applied on various substrates of steel

column, steel beam, vessel skirt and other equipments. 1) Welding Pin

Strict preparation of substrates prior to application ensures ¢The characteristic

the proper performance of BOVIA 271 with optimal
Welding pins are used to secure the diamond shaped
adherence.
metal lath and used in conjunction as additional
Substrates must be free from dirt, dust, oil, and any other
reinforcement for BOVIA 271.The diameter of a pin must
foreign contaminants.
NOT be less than 14 gauge (2.0 mm) and must be fixed
The substrate may be coated with primers that may NOT
on 12” to 18” (300 ~ 460 mm) with staggered pattern.
be compatible with BOVIA 271. In this case, consult the
manufacturer for technical information.
£The properties
BOVIA 271 is recommended to use with BOVIA 271 K for
ensuring the proper adhesive strength Description Property Shape
after proper substrate preparation is completed.
Material Coopered Steel Stud
The substrate temperature must not exceed 45C(114 F)
during application. Consult the manufacturer for additional Diameter 2.0mm ± 0.01mm
technical information. Length : 20/32/38 mm
BOVIA 271 requires 12 Liters to 15 Liters of clean Dimension Pin Diameter : 2mm
Bottom Diameter: 5mm
water(Odorless, Colorless) per bag.
The proper mixing time is approximately 3 minutes.
¥Application Procedure

Note: • Grinding the surface of steel structure which is primer

Always check the consistency of the material after mixing /paint coated

to ensure proper performance during application. The • Fix it with interval on 12” to 18” (300 mm to 460 mm)

material should NOT contain excess or insufficient water with welding machine

amount. This will be dependent on the site conditions, • Must be fixed with staggered pattern

such as temperature, humidity, etc. • Touch up with paint at the area where grinded

Mixed material may cause slippery hazards when left

unattended on floors, walls, scaffolding, ladders, etc.
Proper cleanup must be practiced at all times.

<correct> <incorrect>


 2CIG

BOVIA 6. BOVIA 271 APPLICATION

Note: This pin can easily bend with simple hand tools as
Secure metal lath to stud welded pins using galvanized you see below picture.
or stainless steel self-locking washers.

£The properties
2) Self-Locking Washer
Description Property Shape
£The characteristic

The non-return washers are galvanized for anti-corrosive Material Coopered Steel Stud

properties that hold the metal lath in place for stability Diameter 2.0mm ± 0.01mm
during application, which pressure can cause displacement.
Pin Diameter : 2mm
Dimension
Bottom Diameter: 5mm
¤The properties

Description Property Shape ¥Application Procedure

Material Galvanized Steel • Grinding the surface of steel structure which is primer
/paint coated.
Width 30(±0.5)mm
Dimension
Thickness :0.4 mm • Fix it with interval on 12” to 18” (300 mm to 460 mm)
with welding machine.
¥Application Procedure • Must be fixed with staggered pattern.
• Bend the pin up to 120 degrees with handy tool.
• Push this self-locking washer into the substrate
• Touch up with paint at the area where grinded.
• Be sure to retain the metal lath to be located at the
middle third of the total thickness

6.2.2 Self-Locking Welding Pin System

¢The characteristic

This welding pins are used to secure the diamond

shaped metal lath without any ancillary washer. <correct> <incorrect>


2CIG

BOVIA 6. BOVIA 271 APPLICATION

6.3 Metal Lath 6.3.3 Attachment of Lath.

Secure metal lath to stud welded pins using galvanized
6.3.1 Metal Lath Type. or stainless steel self-locking washers.
Metal lath comprised of minimum 3.4 lb. /yd2 (1.8kg/m2) Metal lath must be overlapped a minimum of 2 in. (54 mm)
galvanized diamond lath is required. at all joints.
The detail specification of metal lath is as follow table. No more than three lath layers are permitted at any one
joint.
Terms Dimension

Diamond
Lath
Shape

SW 33 mm

LW 75 mm

T 0.6 mm

W 1.2 mm

L 914 mm

S 30,000 mm

6.3.2Properties

Description Property

C : 0.029
Si : 0.02
Chemical
Mn : 0.23
composition of
P : 0.005
wire rod (%)
S : 0.005
SolAl : 0.059

Yield Point 205.9 N/ฯ

Tensile strength 328.5 N/ฯ

6.4 Key Coating
Elastic Rate 46.7 %
The initial application of BOVIA 271 is recommended with
Hardness 42 HRB BOVIA 271 Key Coat K for increased adhesive properties
Coating Weight 13.8 g/ั which may provide improved subsequent coating
procedures as well as increased strength in areas subject
Weight 9.2 Kg / Roll (914 ǭ 30,000 ฬ)
to constant vibrations and during expansion and contraction
of the steel.


 2CIG

BOVIA 271 6. BOVIA 271 APPLICATION

Refer to BOVIA 271 Key Coat K for additional 6.4.3 Application Procedure of BOVIA Key Coat
information and application methods. £Surface Preparation
Note:
The surface of substrate must be free from all loose mill
The initial coat with BOVIA 271 Key Coat K must be
scale, loose rust, oil dirt, etc. to ensure proper adhesion
applied prior to mesh work.
of material.
In some cases, substrate surface coated paint may not
6.4.1 The characteristic of BOVIA Key Coat
be compatible with BOVIA KEY COAT K.
BOVIA Key Coat K is a non-carboxylated styrene-
Consult the manufacturer for any technical information.
butadiene polymerized material. This product is widely
used construction or industrial purpose for surface coating ¤ Mix and Application

as a further binding agent between cementitious mixture • 1 bag of BOVIA 271 is mixed with 12 to 15 liters of
and substrate to improve and provide additional adherence. water, and mixing time is approximately 3 to 5 minutes.
This product is suitable for on-site or off-site application • Spray apply mixed component as a splatter coat in
towards construction elements typically used as a rapid sweeping motion and cover roughly 50-70% of
weatherproofing and corrosion protection on decks, the total surface area of the substrate.
steel frame, steel plates, etc. • The substrate surface should be slightly visible with the
overall thickness not exceeding 1 mm after application.
6.4.2 The properties of BOVIA Key Coat • The applied key coat must be allowed to dry and
properly cured for duration of 24-48 hours.
Description Property
¥ Application Condition
Material
Non-carboxylated stylene-butadiene The substrate temperature must be at least 4 C (40 F)
Component
above dew point to prevent condensation. Application
Color and Milky White (Spray Application after
finish mixed with water and cement.) must be carried out in well ventilated areas.

Specific
1.015 (at 25°C) 6.5 Spray
Gravity
BOVIA 271 should be sprayed to give an even coating
Curing By air drying
onto the substrate. Even coats are obtained with steady

1~2days moisture curing. sweeps of the spray nozzle head at90°to the work surface.
Drying time
It depends on temperature and R.H. The adequate amount of air introduced at the nozzle is
essential to ensure consistency of texture and correct
Packing 18 Liter / can
density of material usually 2.0 ~ 3.5bar (30~50psi).The
Storage thickness of the first coat should be approximately
6 months
Duration
within15mm, and the thickness of the second coat may be
increased to approximately 25mm.


2CIG

BOVIA 271 6. BOVIA 271 APPLICATION

However, one coat thickness could be increased to 50 mm 6.7 Top Coating

following surroundings condition. BOVIA 279 does not require a top coat system application.
The lead time between two coats will be subject to the When applicator needs to applicate top coat under the
environment conditions at the time of application but will Client’s requirement, he has to use the top coating
not be less than 8 hours. If the surface has become very material that BOVIA recommends.
dry, it should be well dampened with clean water before Note:
applying the next coat. Prior to application of a selected top coat, consult the
manufacturer to ensure compatibility.

6.7.1 BOVIA Top Coat P

1) The characteristic
BOVIA TOP COAT P is designed for alkali surfaces to
protect against water and normal to harsh weathering
conditions. It is also used to protect BOVIA 271 or
BOVIA 279 from conditions where repetitive washing
is required.
Exceptional adhesive properties and durability provides
6.6 Trowelling. suitable protection against different types of climate and
The product surface may not be hand trowel. However, environmental conditions.
where BOVIA 271 remains visible or it is finishing material
itself,it is recommended that it is trowel finished. 2)The properties
In case of trowelling, be sure not to overwork BOVIA
Description Property
271 as this can cause separation of the mix components
and result in cracking. Material Acrylic emulsion with water repellent
Component agents
The product must be hand trowel within 30 minutes of
Color and
applying the final coat. Light Grey
finish
The recommended thickness tolerance is -2mm to +3mm Typical
Recommended dry film thickness 55ห
of the thickness. thickness

Theoretical
7.3ั/liter at 55 microns DFT
coverage

Curing By air drying

Dry through 1 hour at 25°C

Drying time
Dry to recoat after 3 hour

Packing 18 Liter / can

Storage
12 months
Duration


 2CIG

BOVIA 271 6. BOVIA 271 APPLICATION

3) Application Procedure 2)The properties

£Surface Preparation Description Property

The substrate needs to be free of the following
conditions for proper adhesion: Material
Silane/Siloxanes
Component
• Loose mill scale, loose rust, oil or dirt
Color and
• Concrete form oils finish
Milky white

• Other foreign materials that may prevent proper

bonding of a Portland cement product. The material is absorbed on the surface pores
Typical
of the applied medium, therefore, thickness is
thickness
not applicable.
¤Mixing
Add water in 10:1 ratio of paint : Water and mix well. Theoretical
0.7 liters /ั
(e.g. 18 liters pail requires 1.8 liters of water.) coverage


¥ Application Curing Through proper ventilation.

• BOVIA Top Coat P can be applied through an airless
24 Hours from time of application.
spray device or a normal paint roller. Curing time will be dependent on ambient
Drying time
conditions. High humidity and low temperature
• Spray or use a roller to apply BOVIA Top Coat P on to a will impact and prolong time of curing.
dry fire proofed surface and achieve the required
Packing 18 liters / can
thickness.

¦ Application Condition Storage

6 months
Duration
• The air temperature should be at least 4 C(40 F) ~
45 C(114 F)
• Relative humidity : up to 85%.
3) Recommendation for use
BOVIA WR Top Coat is exclusively designed for concrete,
cement mortar, masonry, wood, tile, plaster and all types
6.7.2 BOVIA WR Top Coat
ofwall and sloping roof, where it is subject to come in
contact with water molecules.
1) The characteristic
Further Uses:
BOVIA WR Top Coat is Water Repellent and an aqueous
emulsion derivative of silane/siloxanes. ූVarious types of cement and concrete.
This is free of volatile organic components where it is used ූMineral Plaster
to create an impenetrable layer between the environment ූCement Fiber Boards
and applied BOVIA 271and BOVIA 279, especially resistant ූSand-Lime Brickwork
to water molecules. ූMineral Based, Natural and Artificial Stones
BOVIA WR Top Coat is supplied in a solution of water with ූMineral Paints
30% concentrationof active ingredients.


2CIG

BOVIA 271 6. BOVIA 271 APPLICATION

4) Application Procedure • Mix BOVIA 271 PT in accordance with the mixing

£Surface Preparation procedure.

• Soak or dampen the cleaned area of the damage with
The application medium surface must be dry and free
clean water.
from lose debris that may block proper penetration and
• Spray the damaged area with BOVIA 271 PT and finish
absorption of BOVIA WR Top Coat. There should be no
to the level with existing material.
other coating medium present prior to application.

¤ Application Note:
The material should not be atomized or applied with a When troweled application is used for repairs, be sure to
brush(contamination of the impregnation liquid can obtain the material from the spray nozzle prior to
cause de-emulsifying). troweled repair.

¥ Application Condition

• The air temperature should be at least 4 C (40 F) ~

45 C(114 F)
• Relative humidity : up to 85%.
• Most delivery devices for liquids are suitable here (e.g.
airless spray-guns).
• The material should not be atomized or applied with a
brush (contamination of the impregnation liquid can
cause de-emulsifying).
Note :When the air temperatures exceed 45 C(114 F),
please consult with BOVIA Inc. prior to application
work.

6.8 Repair
When repair works of BOVIA 271 is necessary, BOVIA
271 PT is strongly recommended for damaged area.
For the area of damaged BOVIA 271, BOVIA 271 PT
maybe spray applied or trowel finished. The repair
procedures are as follows.
• Cut away any loose material in and around the
damaged area.
• Remove the remaining debris with brush or wash with
clean water.


 2CIG

BOVIA 7. QUALITY MANAGEMENT

7. QUALITY MANAGEMENT 7.3 Environment Condition

7.1 Material Storage 7.3.1 Hot, Dry Conditions.

BOVIA 279 application should be carried out in the

7.1.1. Storage outside temperature range of 4 C (40°F ~ 45 C(114 F).

Must be stored in a dry environment and protect against When the air temperatures exceed 45 C(114 F),

strong radiant sunlight during transportation and storage. please consult with BOVIA Inc. prior to application

Must be off the ground and kept dry until ready for use by work.

using waterproof/weather-proof cover.

7.3.2Cold Conditions.

7.1.2. Storage shelf life When the application work is done at the temperature

BOVIA 271, BOVIA 279 can be stored up to 12 months less than 4°C(40°F), please consult with BOVIA Inc.

from the date of manufacture, considering recommended prior to application work.

storage methods are strictly followed.

Note:
It is recommended that material one shipment be
completely utilized prior to next shipment of material.

7.2 Site Requirement

Be sure to check that adequate services and site
conditions such as transportation road, the place for
equipment, water supply, electricity and others are
present for the application process.

7.2.1 Equipment Location.

Check out if the place where the pump & mixer and
generator must be established is leveled and well
drained ground.

7.2.2 Power.
Secure adequate power for the application equipment
per the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations.


2CIG

BOVIA 7. QUALITY MANAGEMENT

7.4.2 Air Pressure.

7.4 Equipment Control Use the amount of air at the nozzle that results in an even
thickness build, texture and proper density.
7.4.1Pump and Mixer The correct amount of air introduced at the nozzle is
1) Pump (Rotor & Stator type) approximately 2.0~3.5 bar(30~50psi). Applicator could set
the nozzle pressure at 2.0 bar, 3.0 bar and 3.5 bar
Description Equipment Features Vendor
respectively.
Output 5-120.liter /min

Pressure 30 bar 7.4.3 Nozzle Distance.

Pump speed 100-600 RPM The distance between nozzle and substrate will vary
BOVIA
compressor 15Hp x 3Hp
according to the type of equipment. The proper distance
Inc
* W850mm x H950 xL1,700mm between the nozzle and the substrate surface should be
Size
* Stator L400mm x rotor L500mm between 200 mm and 400 mm.
3
* 0.42m /per minute(15cfm.FAD)
Air compressor
* 3.5kgf/ะ(501bf/ั) at Nozzle head

7.5 Q.C Test

2) Mixer (Mixer & Motor type)

Description Equipment Features Vendor 7.5.1 Test Frequency & Record.

Type paddle blade type

Though quality control tests must be executed twice per
BOVIA shift, it could be changed under site condition and client’s
Size W605mm x H1350mm x L1350mm
Inc requirement. All test results must be recorded in the
Wight 280kg
Quality Control Test Report.
Note : The electricity related specification could be modified
under the site condition.
7.5.2 Slurry Density.
The slurry density is defined as the density of the
material just after mixing. All Q.C test process is to be
followed by the Q.C manual provided by BOVIA.

7.5.3 Dry Density.

Dry Density is defined as the final in-place density of fully
cured and dry product. All Q.C test process is to be
<Pump> <Mixer> followed by the Q.C manual provided by BOVIA.