REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUN

ESSEC OF DOUALA ESSEC DE DOUALA

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT D’ANGLAIS

BUSINESS ENGLISH PRESNTATION

1
THEME : CAMEROON CONSIDERED AS « AFRICA IN MINIATURE »
PRESENTED BY :
 NAME OF EXHIBITORS

NOMS ET PRENOMS
ABDOUL MOUHSINE
ALLARENE MANUELA
BILOA ONGBWA IVANA
AUDREY
BOTOULI JEAN FRANCOIS
CHOUTPOUEN MOUNKUE
SALMAT
DASSI MARLEME DIANDRA
DONFACK JIOTSA MYGUEL
FANTCHOM FONDJO FLORETTE 2
ROSINE
GILBERT RODRIGUE
ASSOUMOU OBAM
HADJA MADINATOU
BOUBAKARY JIKILNA
HOUSEIPHA MOUHAMADOU
KAMTO KAMTO GHISLAIN
MARCAIRE
MAKONGUE KOME PIERRE-
FREDDY
MANI OLINGA LUCRECE
MEFIRE VESSAH YOUNOUS
KAMAL
MOHAMADOU FAÏZA
MOUAHBA BELEK ANGE
BLESSING JONATHAN C.
NKAA EDIMO FRANCK ARTHUR
OUMMOUL KOULSOUMI
POFAKO NSANGOU IBRAHIM
MACAIRE
SIDJIEU ALIDA NGON MARTINE
SIGNE MAGNE YRANIE TRECY
AMBASSA MEFOU RICHELZA
VALERIE DARELLE
KOUNDE NDENGUE LUCILE
ANAEL
NANMOU KEMEGNI FLORENCE
ARIANE
KOUNDI NDEDI EBENEZERIE
AUGUSTA
FANKAM TCHOUAKE GWLADIS
ASTA WABI ABDOULKADRI
LEA NKOM ELIZE DANIEL
NYAM ANGE JACKY
ELA XANNIE CHANCY
DJUIDJEU DONGMO AUDREY
CAROL

GROUP LEADER : BILOA ONGBWA IVANA AUDREY

TEACHER’S NAME : Pr INNOCENT FASSE
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
I- GEOGRAPHY OF CAMEROON
A- LOCATION AND BORDERS
B- GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFY
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1- MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS
2- PLATEAUS
3- COASTAL AREAS
4- RIVER BASINS

II- BIODIVERSITY

A- FAUNA
1- EMBLEMATIC SPECIES
2- NATIONAL PARKS AND RESERVES
B- FLORA
1- VEGETAL RICHNESS
2- ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

III- CULTURAL DIVERSITY

A- ETHNIC GROUPS
1- LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS
2- TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS
B- RELIGIONS AND BELIEFS

IV- ECONOMY
A- KEY SECTORS
1- AGRICULTURE
2- INDUSTRY
3- NATURAL RESOURCES
B- ECONOMIC CHALLENGES

V- HISTORY OF CAMEROON
A- PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
B- COLONIAL PERIOD
C- INDEPENDENCE AND POST-INDEPENDENCE DEVELOPMENTS

VI- CURRENT ISSUES

A- SOCIAL CHALLENGES
B- ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
C- ECONOMIC CHALLENGES

CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
On the threshold of this captivating exploration, Cameroon reveals itself like a
jewel in the heart of Central Africa. Between its diverse borders and its dazzling
landscapes, this nation arouses wonder. Let’s dive together into an odyssey
through time and space, discovering Cameroon as a living sample of Africa. 4
However, behind this enchanting facade lie complex challenges Cameroon, like
any other country, is faced with social, environmmental and economic
challenges. Understanding these challenges is essential to fully appreciating the
diverse picture that makes up this nation. How does cameroon, with its
geographical, cultural and biological wealth, address the challenges facing it ? It
is this central question that will guide our in-depth exploration, revealing the
often overlooked facets of this « Africa in Miniature ». Thus, our Journey will
be structured around several major axes. We will begin with a general
presentation of Cameroon, before diving into its varied geography. From there,
we will explore the country’s exceptional biodiversity, then delving into its rich
cultural diversity. The magnifying glass will then turn to the economy, painting
a portait of the key sectors and the challenges to be overcome. Finally, our
temporal journey will take us through the history of cameroon, up to our time,
where we will examine current issues. Follow us on this adventure rich in
discoveries and reflections.
 I- GEOGRAPHY OF CAMEROON
Nestled in the heart of the African continent, Cameroon emerges as a captivating mosaic. Stretching
from the Gulf of Guinea in the west to lake Chad in the east, its borders embrace a diverse tapestry of
landscapes that evoke a sens of wonder. To fully grasp the uniqueness of this nation, let’s delve into
the richness of its geography, where each region unfold a distinct narrative
A- LOCATION AND BORDERS
Cameroon is located in Central Africa, sharing its borders with Nigeria to the west, Chad to the
northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and the Republic of 5
the Congo to the South. Its coastline along the Atlantic Ocean is to the west.

B- GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFY

1- MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS
Cameroon is home to various mountain ranges, including the Cameroon Massif in the west, the
Bamiléké Massif, the Mandara Mountains in the north, and the Adamaoua Mountains in the center.
These reliefs offer ecosystems ranging from dense forests to alpine meadows, illustrating the
geographical richness of the country. Comparatively, Africa also includes iconic mountains such as
Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, which, with its glaciers and ecological diversity, represents a distinct
feature of African landforms. Thus, the variety of mountains in Cameroon, associated with that of the
entire continent, justifies the nickname "Africa in miniature"

2- PLATEAUS
The plateaus of Cameroon are characterized by moderate altitudes ranging from 500 to 1,500 meters,
featuring undulating terrain with scattered ridges. The landscape includes valleys, plains, and hills,
forming a diverse topography. Compared to other African plateaus, such as those in Ethiopia which
are often higher, the Cameroonian plateaus have a more moderate altitude. However, their ecological
diversity is noteworthy, encompassing areas of dense equatorial forest, savannas, and drier zones. This
geographical diversity lends ecological significance to the plateaus of Cameroon and contributes to
their reputation as a region representative of the multifaceted aspects of the African continent

3- COASTAL AREAS
The coastal zone of Cameroon stands out for its rich environmental diversity. Compared to other
African coastal regions, such as those in Ivory Coast or Nigeria, the Cameroonian coast offers a
unique blend of mangroves, sandy beaches, and wetland areas. The estuaries of coastal rivers like the
Wouri add to the biodiversity of this region. The variety of coastal ecosystems, ranging from humid
forests to lagoons, contributes to Cameroon's reputation as "Africa in Miniature." This designation
underscores the region's ability to encapsulate ecological diversity representative of the African
continent on a smaller scale.
4- RIVER BASINS
The hydrographic basins of Cameroon, such as the Sanaga and Nyong basins, exhibit geographical and
hydrological diversity. Compared to other African basins like the Nile or the Congo, Cameroon's
basins are more moderate in size but are characterized by complexity due to numerous rivers
crisscrossing the country. The variety of hydrographic basins contributes to the richness of aquatic
biodiversity, encompassing ecosystems from mountain rivers to coastal wetlands. This balance
between basin size and ecosystem diversity reinforces Cameroon's designation as "Africa in
Miniature," emphasizing its ability to encapsulate a variety of hydrographic features representative of
the African continent.

I- BIODIVERSITY
Cameroon's biodiversity paints a vivid picture of ecological richness and complexity at the heart of
Central Africa. Nestled between Nigeria to the west, Chad to the northeast, the Central African
Republic to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south, Cameroon boasts an extraordinary array of
ecosystems, from lush equatorial forests to coastal wetlands and highland plateaus. This diverse
topography fosters a habitat mosaic that supports an extensive variety of flora and fauna. In this
section, we embark on a journey to explore the remarkable biodiversity that characterizes Cameroon,
contributing to its well-earned moniker as "Africa in Miniature."
A- FAUNA

1- EMBLEMATIC SPECIES
Cameroon stands out for its diverse fauna, including iconic species like the mountain gorilla, forest
elephant, and pangolin. In comparison to other African countries, Cameroon shares common species
but stands unique with specimens such as the dwarf crocodile, drill, and Preuss’s monkey, showcasing 7
its exceptional biodiversity. This fauna richness is accentuated by Cameroon’s varied ecosystems,
ranging from equatorial forests to savannas. While lions, elephants, and rhinoceroses are present, it’s
the uniquely adapted species in different habitats that make Cameroon a treasure for African wildlife
conservation.
2- NATIONAL PARKS AND RESERVES
Cameroon hosts several national parks and nature reserves that play a significant role in preservering
its rich biodiversity. Notably, Waza national park and Dja faunal reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage
site, showcase diverse wildlife, including elephants and mountain gorillas. In comparison to other
regions in Africa, Cameroon’s park share similitaries while each possessing unique features. For
instance, Kaboré Tambi national park provides crucial habitat for black rhinos and elephants.
The designation « Africa in Miniature » perfectly encapsulates Cameroon’s essence. By condensing a
variety of ecosystems, from savannah to equatorial forest, within a relatively small area, the country
offers a miniature representation of Africa’s abundant biodiversity. Thus, these parks reinforce
Cameroon’s reputation as a captivating microscom of Africa.
C- FLORA

1- VEGETAL RICHNESS

Cameroon's botanical richness significantly contributes to its designation as "Africa in

Miniature." The country boasts exceptional botanical diversity, ranging from lush equatorial
forests to savannas and mountains. Iconic plant species like raffia, mahogany, and silk-cotton
trees showcase the variety of ecosystems. Compared to other regions in Africa, Cameroon
stands out with its diverse vegetation mosaic. The forests of Mount Cameroon and Mount
Oku, for instance, harbor a unique diversity of endemic species. Extensive plantations of
bananas and oil palms also underscore the economic importance of these plant resources.
The moniker "Africa in Miniature" resonates with Cameroon's rich botanical diversity. This
variety, coupled with a multitude of ecosystems, contributes to making the country a
condensed representation of the plant diversity found across the African continent.

2- ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The ecological significance of Cameroon's rich vegetation is pivotal on various fronts.

Equatorial forests play a crucial role in global climate regulation by absorbing carbon dioxide
and producing oxygen. Furthermore, these ecosystems harbor a variety of animal species,
fostering biodiversity and ecological balance. The savannas in the country are essential in the
life cycle of many species, providing diverse habitats and sources of sustenance. Agricultural
plantations, while necessary for the economy, raise conservation concerns, necessitating
sustainable management to minimize impacts on the ecosystem.
The designation "Africa in Miniature" thus reflects the essential ecological contribution of
Cameroon. Its vegetation diversity not only supports complex ecosystems but also contributes
to the preservation of global biodiversity, underscoring the importance of conservation and
sustainable use of natural resources.
II- CULTURAL DIVERSITY
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C- ETHNIC GROUPS
Cameroon, a true representation of Africa in miniature, is home to over 250 ethnic groups.
Each group contributes uniquely to the country's cultural mosaic. Communities such as the
Bamiléké, Bamoun, and Duala coexist, preserving their distinct cultural identities
1- LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS
Cameroon's linguistic diversity is exceptional, with over 250 documented languages.
However, French and English serve as official languages, symbolizing the country's colonial
heritage. This linguistic plurality exemplifies Africa in miniature, providing a microcosm of
the continent's linguistic diversity.
2- TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS

Traditions and customs vary significantly among ethnic groups. From the vibrant
ceremonies of the Bamiléké to the lively dances of the Beti, each community perpetuates its
ancestral practices. This cultural diversity weaves a rich tapestry, capturing the very essence
of Africa in miniature.

3- RELIGIONS AND BELIEFS

Religious diversity is also a significant aspect of life in Cameroon. Traditional beliefs

coexist with Islam and Christianity, forming a religious mosaic that reflects African plurality.
This peaceful coexistence underscores the cultural harmony characterizing the concept of
Africa in miniature.
Thus, Cameroon's cultural diversity, encompassing ethnic groups, languages, traditions,
customs, and religions, represents a microcosmic variety of the entire African continent,
solidifying the country's reputation as a true "Africa in Miniature."
III- ECONOMY

A- KEY SECTORS

1- AGRICULTURE
Agriculture plays a vital role in Cameroon's economy, featuring a variety of crops such as
cocoa, coffee, oil palms, cotton, and staple foods. Small family farms coexist with larger
plantations, reflecting the agricultural diversity present across Africa.
2- INDUSTRY
Cameroon's industrial sector encompasses food production, manufacturing, and a growing oil
sector. Companies involved in textiles, timber, and automobile assembly also contribute to
industrial diversity. This variety mirrors the economic versatility embodied in the concept
"Africa in Miniature."

3- NATURAL RESOURCES 9

Natural resources, including oil, natural gas, timber, and minerals, form crucial pillars of the
Cameroonian economy. Sustainable management of these resources is essential to preserve
ecological balance, a challenge shared by many African countries

B- ECONOMIC CHALLENGES

Despite these economic strengths, Cameroon faces challenges such as economic inequality,
limited access to basic services in certain regions, and the need to further diversify its
economy to reduce dependence on natural resources.
Thus, Cameroon's economy, representative of Africa in miniature, is characterized by
economic diversity ranging from agriculture to industry, while grappling with persistent
challenges that reflect the complex economic dynamics present on the continent.

IV- HISTORY OF CAMEROON

A- PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

Before colonization, Cameroon was inhabited by diverse ethnic groups. Kingdoms like the
Bamoun and Duala flourished, each with its unique culture and social organization,
contributing to the richness of the cultural mosaic in this region often referred to as "Africa in
Miniature."
B- COLONIAL PERIOD

Cameroon was colonized by Germany in the late 19th century. During World War I, Allied
forces took control, and the country was divided between France and the United Kingdom
under the League of Nations mandate. This division shaped future social and political
dynamics, adding an additional layer of complexity to this miniature nation.
 C- INDEPENDENCE AND POST-INDEPENDENCE DEVELOPMENTS

In 1960, Cameroon gained independence. Ahmadou Ahidjo became the first president. The
country faced challenges related to ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversity. Paul Biya
assumed power in 1982 and continued to lead. Cameroon, often dubbed "Africa in Miniature"
due to its geographical and cultural diversity, has experienced political tensions and economic
challenges over the years.

V- CURRENT ISSUES
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A- SOCIAL CHALLENGES

Cameroon, often referred to as "Africa in Miniature" due to its ethnic and cultural diversity,
faces complex social challenges. Persistent tensions between francophone and anglophone
regions have created divisions, posing challenges to national cohesion. Effectively managing
this social diversity remains a crucial challenge to preserve unity in this
B- ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
On the environmental front, Cameroon grapples with challenges such as deforestation,
biodiversity loss, and pressures on fragile ecosystems. Balancing economic development with
environmental preservation is crucial to maintain ecological balance in this "Africa in
Miniature," where a variety of climates and ecological zones coexist.

C- ECONOMIC CHALLENGES

Economically, despite Cameroon's diverse natural resources, challenges persist, including

dependence on traditional sectors like oil and cocoa. Diversifying the economy to foster
sustainable growth while reducing regional inequalities is a challenge. Promoting inclusive
economic initiatives could help alleviate disparities in this nation representative of all of
Africa in miniature.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the designation of Cameroon as "Africa in Miniature" is well-founded, given
the exceptional diversity that characterizes the country across geographical, cultural, ethnic,
and linguistic dimensions. This diversity is evident in its rich precolonial history,
contemporary social challenges, environmental concerns, and economic complexities.
However, beyond these challenges, this appellation also encapsulates Cameroon's potential to
find inclusive solutions, promote national unity amidst diversity, and balance economic
development with the preservation of its unique environment. Thus, "Africa in Miniature" not
only offers a descriptive perspective but also serves as a call for understanding and
celebrating the diverse richness that defines Cameroon within the African continent.
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