Previous Page

2.276 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.30
2.30 Viscosity and Surface Tension of Organic Compounds (Continued)
(Continued)

Surface tension,
mN m-'

Substance a b Liquid range, "C Viscosity, mN . s . m+

Dichloromethane 30.41 0.1284 - 95 to 40 0.533(0), 0.449(15),0.393(30)

2,4-Dichlorophenol 46.59 0.1221 42 to 210
1,2-Dichloropropane 31.42 0.1240 - 100 to 96 0.865(20), 0.700(25)
1,3-Dichloropropane 36.40 0.1233 -99.5 to 122
2,2-Dichloropropane 23.60(20) 22.53(30) - 35 to 69 0.769(15),0.619(30)
apDichlorotoluene 41.26 0.1035 - 16 to 205
Diethanolamine 28 to 269 368(30), 109.5(50), 28.7(75)
1,l-Diethoxyethane 23.46 0.1030 - 100 to 102.2
1,2-Diethoxyethane -74 to 121.4 0.65(20)
Dimethoxymethane 23.87 0.1291 up to 88
Diethylamine 22.71 0.1 143 - 50 to 55.5
N,N-Diethylaniline 36.59 0.1040 - 38 to 217 3.838(0), 1.15(50), 0.750(75)
Diethyl carbonate 28.62 0.1100 -43 to 126 0.868(15), 0.748(25)
Diethyl decanedioate 34.68 0.0959
Diethyl ether 18.92 0.0908 - 116 to 34.6 0.283(0), 0.224(25)
Diethyl ethyl phosphonate 30.63 0.0975 up to 198 1.627(15), 0.969(45),0.743(65)
Di(2-ethylhexyl) o-phthalate -50 to 384 33.67(35),21.40(45)
Diethyl maleate 34.67 0.1039 - 8.8 to 225.3 3.57(20), 3.14(25)
Diethyl 1,3-propanedioate 33.91 0.1042 -49.9 to 199.3 2.15(20), 1.94(25)
(malonate)
Diethyl oxalate 34.32 0.1119 -40.6 to 185.4 2.31 1(15), 1.618(30)
Diethyl o-phthalate 38.47 0.0963 - 40 to 295 9.18(35), 6.41(45)
Diethyl succinate 33.97 0.1041 -21 to 217.7
Diethyl sulfate 35.47 0.0976 -25 to 208
Diethyl sulfide 27.33 0.1106 - 104 to 92.1 0.558(0), 0.422(25)
1,2-Dihydroxyhenzene 47.6 0.0849 104 to 245.5
1,3-Dihydroxyhenzene 54.8 0.0717 110 to 276
Diiodomethane 70.21 0.1613 6 to 181
Diisobutylamine 24.00 0.0912 -77 to 139
Diisopentyl ether 24.76 0.087 1 up to 172.5 1.40(11), 1.012(20)
Diisopropylamine 21.03 0.1077 -61 to 83.5 0.393(25), 0.300(50), 0.237(75)
Diisopropyl ether 19.89 0.1048 - 87 to 68 0.379(25)
1,2-Dimethoxybenzene 34.4 0.0642 22.5 to 206 3.281(25), 2.184(40)
1,l-Dimethoxyethane 23.90 0.1159 - 113 to 64.5
1,2-Dimethoxyethane 48.0(25) - 68 to 85 0.670(- lo), 0.530(10), 0.455(25)
Dimethoxymethane 23.59 0.1199 - 104.8 to 42 0.340(15), 0.325(20)
N,N-Dimethylacetamide 32.40(30) 29.50(50) -20 to 165.5 1.956(25), 1.279(50),0.896(75)
Dimethylamine 29.50 0.1265 - 92 to 6.9 0.300(- 25), 0.232(0)
N,N-Dimethylaniline 38.14 0.1049 2.5 to 194 1.300(25),0.911(50), 0.675(75)
2,4-Dimethylaniline 39.34 0.0996 - 14 to 214
22-Dimethylbutane 18.29 0.0990 - 100 to 49.7 0.351(25), 0.330(30)
2,3-Dimethylbutane 19.38 0.1000 - 128 to 58 0.361(25), 0.342(30)
2,3-Dimethyl-l-butanol 26.22 0.0992 - 14 to 118
Dimethyl carbonate 3 1.94 0.1343 0.5 to 91
1,l-Dimethylcyclopentane 23.78 0.1016 - 70 to 87.5
Dimethyl ether 14.97 0.1478 - 141 to - 24.9
N,N-Dimethylformamide 36.76(20) 34.40(40) -60 to 153 1.176(0), 0.794(25),0.624(50)
2,4-Dimethylheptane 23.21 0.0929 < - 100 to 133
2,s-Dimethylheptane 23.21 0.0929 < - 100 to 136
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.277

TABLE 2.30 Viscosity and Surface Tension of Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Surface tension,
mN m-

Substance a b Liquid range, "C Viscosity, mN s rn-z

2.6-Dimethylheptane 22.17 0.0887 - 103 to 135

Dimethyl hexanedioate 38.26 0,1138 x to >112 14(20)
Dimethyl maleate 40.73 0.1220 - 19 to 202 3.54(20). 3.21(25)
Dimethyl malonate 39.72 0.1208 - 6 2 to 181
2,2-Dimethylpentane 19.94 0.0957 - 124 to 79
2,3-Dimethylpentane 21.96 0.0995 up to 90 0.406(20)
2,4-Dimethylpentane 20.09 0.0972 - 120 to 80.4 0.361(20)
3.3-Dimethylpentane 21.59 0.0996 - I35 to 86
2.4-Dimethj lphenol 34.57 0.0869 24.5 to 21 1
2.5-Dimethylphenol 36.72 0.0850 74.5 to 21 I.5 1.55(80)
3,4-Dimethylphenol 35.75 0.0910 61 to 227 3.00(80)
3,5-Dimethylphenol 34.09 0.0807 64 to 222 2.42(80)
Dimethyl o-phthalate 5.5 to 284 13.4(25). 5 309(50). 2.824(75)
2,2-Dimethylpropane 12.05(20) 10.98(30) - 16.6 to 9.5 0 328(0). 0 303(5j
Dimethyl succinate 39.00 0.1 191 19 to 196.4
Dimethyl sulfate 41.26 0.1163 -31.8 to 188
Dimethyl sulfide 26.07 0.0805 - 98 to 37 0.356(0),0.289(20). 0.265(36)
Dimethjl sulfite 36.48 0,1253 up to 127 0.715(30). 0.436(80)
Dimethjl sulfoxide 43.54(20j 42.41(30) 1 8 . j to 189 2.47(20), 1.192(55). 0.849(80)
1.4-Dioxane 36.23 0.1391 11.8 to 101.2 1.439(15). 1.087(30).0.787(50)
Dipent) 1 ether 26.66 0.0925 - 6 9 to 190 1.188(15), 0.922(30)
Dipentyl o-phthalate 32.56 0.0739 17.03(35). 11.51(45)
Dipentyl sulfide 29.55 0.0876
Dipent) lamine 45.36 0.1017 5 3 to 302 3.66 ( 5 5 ) . 1.04(130)
Diphenjl ether 28.70 0.0780 27 to 258 2.130(50). 1.407(75). 1.023(100)
1,2-Dipropoxyethane 25.03 0.0972
Dipropoxyniethane 25. I7 0.0953
Dipropj lamine 24.86 0.1022 -63 to 109 0.5 17(25). 0.377(50), 0.288(75)
Dipropyl carbonate 28.94 0.1015 up to 168
Dipropylene g l j c o l butyl ether 28.2(25) up to > 103 4.23(25)
Dipropylene glycol ethyl ether 27.7(25) 3.1 l(25)
Dipropylene glycol isopropyl 25.9(25) up to 80 386(25)
ether
Dipropylene glycol meth>1 28.8(25) - 1 I7 to 188 3.1(25)
ether
Dipropyl ether 22.60 0.1047 - 126 to 89.6 0.542(0), 0.396(25), 0.304(50)
Dodecane 27.12 0.0884 -1 0 to 216 2.277(0). 1.378(25). 0.930(50)
1-Dodecanol 31.2.5 0.0748 24 to 2-59
Epichlorohydrin 39.76 0.1360 - 2 6 t o 117 I.20(25)
1.2-Epoxybutane 23.9(20) - 150 to 63 0.419( 15j , 0.358(30)
1.2-Ethanediamine 44.77 0.1398 11 to 117.3 1.54(20). 1.226(30)
I ,2-Ethanediol 50.21 0.0890 - 12.6 to 197.3 26.09(15). 13.55(30)
Ethanesulfonic acid 45.74 0.0824 - 17 to > 123
Ethanesulfonyl chloride 43.43 0.1177 up to 177
Ethanethiol 25.06 0.0793 - 148 to 35 0.364(0), 0.287(25)
Ethanol 24.05 0.0832 - 114 to 78 1.786(0), 1.074(25), 0.694(50)
Ethanolamine 51.11 0,1117 10.5 to 171 21,1(25), 8.560(50), 3.935(75)
Ethoxybenzene (phenetol) 35.17 0.1104 -29.5 to 170 1.364(15), 1.197(25), 0.817(50)
2-Ethoxyethanol 30.59 0.0897 - 7 0 to 135 2.04(20), 1.85(25)
Ethyl acetate 26.29 0,1161 - 84 to 77 0.578(0), 0.423(25), 0.325(50)
(Continued)
(Conrinued)
2.278 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.30
2.30 Viscosity and Surface
Surface Tension of Organic Compounds (Continued)
(Continued)

Surface tension,
mN m-'

Substance a b Liquid range, "C Viscosity, mN . s . m+

Ethyl acetoacetate 34.42 0.1015 -45 to 181 1.419(20), 1.508(25)

Ethylamine 22.63 0.1372 -81 to 16.6
N-Ethylaniline 39.00 0.1070 - 63.5 to 203 2.047(25), 1.231(50), 0.825(75)
Ethylbenzene 3 1.48 0.1094 -95 to 136 1360.631(25), 0.482(50), 0.380(75)
Ethyl benzoate 37.16 0.1059 -35 to 212 2.407(15), 1.751(30)
Ethyl butanoate 26.55 0.1045 -98 to 121 0.771(15), 0.613(25)
2-Ethylbutanoic acid 26.3(20) - 14 to 194 3.3(20)
2-Ethyl- 1-butan01 25.06(15) 24.32(25) < -15 to 146 8.021(15), 5.892(25)
Ethyl carbamate 50 to 184 0.916(105), 0.715(120)
Ethyl chloroacetate 34.18 0.1177 -21 to 144
Ethyl chloroformate 28.90 0.1084 -81 to 93
Ethyl trans-cinnamate 39.99 0.1045 10 to 271 8.7(20)
Ethyl crotonate 29.31 0.1066 up to 138
Ethyl cyanoacetate 38.80 0.1092 - 22 to 206 3.256(15), 2.148(30)
Ethylcyclohexane 27.78 0.1054 -111 to 132 1.139(0), 0.784(25), 0.579(50)
Ethyl dichloroacetate 34.89 0.1158 up to 155
Ethyl dodecanoate 30.05 0.0863 - 10 to 271
Ethylene carbonate 36 to 248 1.85(40)
Ethylenediamine 44.77 0.1398 11 to 117 1.540(18)
Ethylene glycol 50.21 0.0890 up to 198 26.09(15), 13.35(30), 6.554(50)
Ethyleneimine 7.9(20) -78 to 56 0.418(25)
Ethylene oxide 27.66 0.1664 -111 to 10.6 0.3(0)
Ethyl formate 26.47 0.1315 - 80 to 54 0.419(15), 0.358(30), 0.300(50)
Ethyl fumarate 33.90 0.1056 68 to > 148
Ethylhexadecanoate 32.86 0.0859 22 to > 191
Ethyl hexanoate 27.73 0.0960 up to 168
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol 30.0(22) -70 to 185 6.271(25), 2.631(50), 1.360(75)
Ethyl isobutanoate 25.33 0.1046 -88 to 110
Ethyl isothiocyanate 38.69 0.1326 -6 to 132
Ethyl lactate 30.72 0.0983 -26 to 155 2.44(25)
Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate 25.79 0.1006 -99 to 135
Ethyl methyl ether 18.56 0.1317 - 113 to 7.4
Ethyl methyl sulfide 27.63 0.1286 - 106 to 67 0.373(20), 0.354(25)
Ethyl nitrate 30.81 0.1345 - 95 to 88
3-Ethylpentane 22.52 0.1032 - 119 to 93.5
Ethyl pentanoate 27.15 0.0999 -91 to 145 0.847(20)
Ethyl propanoate 26.72 0.1168 -74 to 99 0.564(15), 0.473(30),0.380(50)
Ethyl propyl ether 21.92 0.1054 -79 to 63 0.401(0), 0.323(20), 0.225(60)
Ethyl salicylate 31.00 0.1091 2 to 234 1.772(45)
Ethyl thiocyanate 37.28 0.1226 up to 145
o-Ethyltoluene 32.33 0.1060 -81 to 165
p-Ethyltoluene 30.98 0.1075 -62 to 162
Ethyl trichloroacetate 32.97 0.1073 up to 168
Fluorobenzene 29.67 0.1204 -42 to 85 0.620(15), 0.517(30),0.423(50)
1-Fluorohexane 23.41 0.1001 - 103 to 93
1-Fluoropentane 22.81 0.1315 - 120 to 63
o-Fluorotoluene -62 to 115 0.680(20), 0.601(30)
m-Fluorotoluene 32.31 0.1257 - 87 to 115 0.608(20), 0.534(30)
p-Fluorotoluene 30.44 0.1109 -56 to 117 0.622(20), 0.522(30)
 ORGANICCHEMISTRY
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.279
2.279

TABLE2.30
TABLE 2.30 Viscosity
Viscosityand
andSurface
SurfaceTension
TensionofofOrganic
OrganicCompounds (Contmued)
Compounds(Continued)

Surface tension,
rnN, m-1

Substance a b Liquid range, 'C Viscosity, mN s . m-2

Formamide 59.13 0.0842 2.6 to 220 4.320(15), 2.296(30), 1.833(50)
Formanilide 44.30 0.0875 47 to 271 1.65(120)
Formic acid 39.87 0.1098 8 to 101 1.966(15), 1.607(25), 1.030(50)
Furan 24.10(20) 23.3~25) -86 to 31 0.380(20), 0.361(25)
2-Furancarboxaldehyde 46.41 0.1327 -36.5 to 162 2.501(0), 1.587(25), 1,143(50)
2-Furanmethanol ca. -31 to 171 4.62(25)
38(20)
Glycerol 63.14(17) 62.5(25) 18 to 290 934(25), 152(50), 39.8(75)
Glycerol tris(acetate) 37.88 0.081
Glycerol tris(nitrate) 55.74 0.2504 13 to > 160 36.0(20), 13.6(40)
Glycerol tris(o1eate) 36.03 0.0699 -5 to >233
Glycerol tris(palmitate) 32.26 0.0672 65 to 320
Glycerol tris(sterate) 32.73 0.0685
Heptanal 28.64 0.0920 -43 to 153 0.977( 15)
Heptane 22.10 0.0980 -91 to 98 0.523(0), 0.416(20), 0.341(40)
Heptanoic acid 29.88 0.0848 - 8 to 222 3.84(25), 2.282(50), 1.488(75)
1-Heptanol -34 to 176 8.53(15), 5.810(25), 2.603(50)
2-Heptanol up to 159 3 . 9 ~ ~ 2 1.799(so),
5)~ 0.987(7s)
3-Heptanol -70 to 157 1.957(50), 0.976(7s), o . ~ M ( ~ o o )
4-Heptanol 4.207(25), 1.695(50),0.882(75)
2-Heptanone 28.76 0.1056 -35 to 151 0.854(1s), 0.686(30), 0.407(50)
4-Hepranone 28.11 0.1060 -32 to 143.7 0.736(20)
1-Heptene 22.28 0.0991 - 120 to 93.6 0.441(0), 0.340(25), 0.273(50)
Heptylamine 25.96 0.0783 -23 to 156 1.314(25), 0.865(50), 0.600(75)
Hexadecane 29.18 0.0854 18.2 to 286.8 3.032(25), 1.879(50), 1.260(75)
1,5-Hexadiene 20.93 0.1028 - 140.7 to 59.5 0.275(20), 0.244(36)
Hexahorobenzene 22.6(20) 5.1 to 80.3 2.789(25), 1.730(50), 1.15l(75)
Hexamethyldisiloxane 17.01 0.0763 -67 to 101
Hexamethylphosphoramide 33.8(20) 7 to 232 3.47(20)
Hexane 20.44 0.1022 -95.4 to 68.7 0.405(0), 0.313(20), 0.271(40)
Hexanenitrile 29.64 0.0907 - 80 to 163.6 1.041(15), 0.830(30), 0.650(50)
Hexanoic acid 28.05(20) 27.55(25) - 3 to 205 3.525(15), 2.5 1l(30)
1-Hexanol 27.81 0.0801 -44.6 to 157.5 6.203(15), 3.872(30), 2.271(50)
2-Hexanone 28.18 0.1092 - 55.5 to 127.6 0.584(25), 0.429(50), 0.329(75)
1-Hexene 20.47 0.1027 - 140 to 63.5 0.326(0), 0.252(25), 0.202(50)
Hexyl acetate 28.44 0.0970 -81 to 171
4-Hydrox y-4-methyl-2- 3 1.0(20) -44 to 168 6.621(0), 2.798(25), 1.829(50)
pentanone
Iodobenzene 41.52 0.1123 -31 to 188 1.554(25), 1.117(50), 0.854(75)
1-Iodobutane 30.82 0.1031 - 103.5 to 131
2-Iodobutane 30.32 0.1056 - 104 to 120
Iodoethane 3 1.67 0.1286 -111 to72.4 0.617(15), 0.540(30), 0.444(50)
1-1odoheptane 32.18 0.0887 -48 to 204
1-1odohexadecane 34.49 0.0880 23 to >207
1-1odohexane 3 1.63 0.0845 up to 180
Iodomethane 33.42 0.1234 - 66.5 to 42.5 0.594(0), 0.500(20), 0.424(40)
I-Iodo-2-methylpropane 30.26 0.1072 -93.5 to 121 0.875(20), 0.697(40)
1-Iodooctane 32.51 0.0915 -46 to 226
1-1odopentane 31.41 0.1014 -85 to 155
1-1odopropane 31.64 0.1136 - 101 to 102.6 0.837(15), 0.670(30), 0.541(50)
(CoiitiiziieR
(Continued)
2.280 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.30
2.30 Viscosity and Surface
Surface Tension of Organic Compounds (Continued)
(Continued)

Surface tension,
mN m-'

Substance a b Liquid range, "C Viscosity, mN . s . m+

2-Iodopropane 29.35 0.1107 - 90 to 89.5 0.732(15), 0.620(30), 0.506(50)

p-Iodotoluene 39.23 0.0965 up to 211
a-Ionone 34.10 0.0949 > 124
p-Ionone 35.36 0.0950 > 128
Isobutanenitrile 24.93(20) 23.84(30) -71.5 to 104 0.551(15), 0.456(30)
Isobutyl acetate 25.59 0.1013 -99 to 116.5 0.676(25), 0.493(50), 0.370(75)
Isobutylamine 24.48 0.1092 - 86.6 to 68 0.770(0), 0.571(25), 0.367(50)
Isobutylbenzene 29.39 0.0961 -51.5 to 172.8
Isobutyl formate 26.14 0.1122 -95.5 to 98.4 0.680(20)
Isobutyl propanoate 30.92 0.1270 -71 to 137
Isopentyl acetate 26.75 0.0989 -78.5 to 142 0.872(20), 0.790(25)
Isophorone - 8.1 to 215.2 4.201(0), 2.329(25), 1.415(50)
Isopropyl acetate 24.44 0.1072 -73 to 89 0.559(20)
Isopropylamine 19.91 0.0972 -95 to 31.7 0.454(0), 0.325(25)
Isopropylbenzene 30.32 0.1054 -96 to 154 1.075(0),0.737(25), 0.547(50)
Isopropyl formate 24.56 0.1147 0.512(20)
Lactonitrile 38.31 0.0960 -40 to > 103 2.01(30)
LJ-LimOIIene 29.50 0.0929 -96.5 to 178
( 2)-Mandelonitrile 45.90 0.0988 - 10 to 170
Methacrylic acid 26.5(25) 16 to 163 1.32(20)
Methacrylonitrile 24.4(20) -35.8 to 90.3 0.392(20)
Methanesulfonic acid 52.28 0.0893 20 to > 167
Methanethiol 28.09 0.1696 - 123 to 6.0
Methanol 24.00 0.0773 - 97.7 to 64.7 0.793(0), 0.676(10), 0.544(25)
o-Methoxybenzaldehyde 45.34 0.1105 37 to 238
p-Methoxybenzaldebyde 44.69 0.1047 - 1 to 248
Methoxybenzene 38.11 0.1204 -37.5 to 153.8 1.152(15), 1.056(25),0.747(50)
2-Methoxyethanol 33.30 0.0984 - 85.1 to 124 1.71(20), 1.60(25)
2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol 34.8(25) 29.9(75) -50 to 194 3.48(25), 1.61(60)
1-Methoxy-2-nitrobenzene 48.62 0.1185 10.5 to 277
o-Methoxyphenol 41.2 0.0943 28 to 205
p-Methoxytoluene 36.20 0.1071 up to 174
N-Methylacetamide 33.67(30) 30.62(50) 30.6 to 206 3.88(30), 2.54(45)
Methyl acetate 27.95 0.1289 -98 to 57 0.477(0), 0.364(25), 0.284(50)
Methyl acetoacetate 34.98 0.0944 27.5 to 171.7
Methyl acrylate - 76.5 to 80.2 1.398(20)
Methylamine 22.87 0.1488 -93.5 to -6.3 0.319(- 25)
N-Methylaniline 39.32 0.0970 -57 to 196 2.042(25), 1.222(50),0.825(75)
o-Methylaniline 3.823(25), 1.936(50), 1.198(75)
m-Methylaniline 3.306(25), 1.679(50), 1.014(75)
Methyl benzoate 40.10 0.1171 - 15 to 199.5 2.298(15), 0.206(20), 1.673(30)
2-Methyl- 1,2-butadiene 0.266(0.3), 0.233(20)
2-Methylbutane 17.20 0.1103 up to 30 0.376(-25), 0.277(0), 0.214(25)
Methyl butanoate 27.48 0.1145 - 85.8 to103 0.580(20), 0.459(40), 0.406(50)
3-Methylbutanoic acid 27.28 0.0886 -29.3 to 176.5 2.731(15), 2.411(20)
2-Methyl- 1-butanol 21.5(25) i -70 to 128 5.50(20), 4.453(25), 1.963(50)
2-Methyl-2-butanol 24.18 0.0748 -9.0 to 102.0 5.48(15), 2.81(30)
3-Methyl- 1-butanol 25.76 0.0820 - 117 to 131 4.81(15), 2.96(30), 1.842(50)
3-Methyl-2-butanol 23.0(25) up to 112.9 3.51(25)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.281

TABLE 2.30
2.30 Viscosity and Surface Tension of Organic Compounds (Continued)
(Continued)

Surface tension,
mN m-

Substance U b Liquid range, "C Viscosity, mN s m-z

2-Methyl-1-butene 18.81 0.1148 - 137.6 to 31

2-Methyl-2-butene 19.70 0.1271 - 133.8 to 38.6
3-Methyl-1-butene 16.42 0.1031 - 168 to 20
2-Methylbutyl acetate 26.75 0.0989 -99 to 117 0.872(20)
3-Methylbutyronitrile 27.58 0.0827 - 101 to 129
Methyl chloroacetate 37.90 0.1304 -32 to 130
Methyl cyanoacetate 41.32 0.1074 -22.5 to 201 3.824(50), 3.398(55), 2.687(65)
Methylcyclohexane 26.11 0.1130 - 126.6 to 100.9 0.679(25), 0.501(50),0.390(75)
cis-2-Methylcyclohexano1 32.45 0.0770 7 to 165 18.08(25), 13.60(30)
(mixed
isomers)
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol - 2 to 167.5 37.13(25), 25.14(30)
cis-3-Methylcyclohexanol 29.08 0.0629 - 6 to 168 19.7(25), 17.23(30)
(mixed
isomers)
trans-3-Methylcyclohexanol 28.80(30) -0.5 to 167 25.62(16), 15.60(30)
cis-4-Methy lcy clohexanol 29.07 0.0690 -9.2 to 173
(mixed
isomers)
2-Methylc yclohexanone 34.06 0.1027 up to 162
3-Methylcyclohexanone 33.06 0.0925 up to 169
4-Methylc yclohexanone 32.83 0.0935 up to 171
Methylcyclopentane 24.63 0.1163 - 142.2 to 71.8 0.653(0), 0.478(25), 0.364(50)
Methyl decanoate 30.33 0.0912 - 18 to 223
Methyl dichloroacetate 37.00 0.1219 -52 to 143
Methyl dodecanoate 31.37 0.0893 4.8 to 262
N-Methylformamide 37.96(30) 35.02(50) -4 to 199.5 1.678(25), 1.155(50), 0.824(75)
Methyl formate 28.29 0.1572 -99 to 31.7 0.424(0), 0.360(15), 0.325(25)
Methyl heptanoate 28.95 0.0987 -55.8 to 173.5
4-Methyl-3-heptanol - 123 to 170 1.085(25),0.702(50), 0.497(75)
5-Methyl-3-heptanol -91 to 172 1.178(25), 0.762(50), 0.536(75)
Methyl hexadecanoate 3 1.50 0.0775 32 to > 196
(palmitate)
2-Methylhexane 21.22 0.0966 - 118 to 90 0.378(20)
3-Methylhexane 21.73 0.0970 - 119 to 92 0.372(20), 0.350(25)
Methyl hexanoate 28.47 0.1045 -71 to 151
Methyl isobutanoate 25.99 0.1131 - 84.7 to 92.5 0.672(0), 0.523(20), 0.419(40)
1-Methyl-4-isopropylbenzene 28.83 0.0877 3.402(20)
(p-cymene)
Methyl methacrylate 28- -48 to 100 0.632(20)
29(30)
1-Methylnaphthalene 39.96 0.0934 - 30.4 to 245
Methyl octadecanoate 32.20 0.0775 38 to >215
2-Methyloctane 23.76 0.0940 - 80.3 to 143.2
4-Methyloctane 24.22 0.0940 -113 to 142
Methyl octanoate 29.93 0.1002 -40 to 192.9
Methyl oleate 31.3(25) 25.4( 100) - 19.9 to >218 4.88(20)
2-Methylpentane 19.37 0.0997 - 154 to 60.3 0.372(0), 0.286(25), 0.226(50)
3-Methylpentane 20.26 0.1060 - 163 to 63 0.395(0), 0.307(25), 0.292(30)
(Continued)
(Continued)
2.282 SECTION
SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.30
2.30 Viscosity and Surface Tension of Organic Compounds (Continued)
(Continued

Surface tension,
mN m-'

Substance a b Liquid range, "C Viscosity, mN . s . m 2

4-Methylpentanenitrile 28.89 0.0917 -51.1 to 156.5 0.980(20). 0.843(30)

Methyl pentanoate 27.85 0.1044 up to 128 0.713(20)
2-Methyl- 1-pentan01 26.98 0.0819 up to 148
3-Methyl-I-pentanol 26.92 0.0789 up to 153
4-Methyl- I-pentanol 25.93 0.0743 up to 152
2-Methyl-2-pentanol 25.07 0.0861 - 103 to 121
3-Methyl-2-pentanol 27.14 0.0919 up to 134
4-Methyl-2-pentanol 24.67 0.0821 -90 to 122 4.074(25)
2-Methyl-3-pentanol 26.43 0.0914 up to 126
3-Methyl-3-pentanol 25.48 0.0888 -23.6 to 123
4-Methyl-2-pentanone 23.64(20) 19.62(60) - 84 to 116.5 0.585(20), 0.522(30), 0.406(50)
Methyl phenyl sulfide 42.81 0.1238 - 15 to 188
N-Methyl propanamide 31.29(20) 29.12(50) -43 to > 146 6.06(20),4.58(30), 3.56(40)
2-Methylpropanenitrile -72 to 108 0.551(15), 0.456(30)
Methyl propanoate 27.58 0.1258 - 88 to 80 0.581(0), 0.431(25), 0.333(50)
2-Methylpropanoic acid 25.55(20) 25.13(25) -47 to 154 1.857(0), 1.226(25),0.863(50)
2-Methyl- 1-propano1 24.53 0.0795 - 108 to 108 4.70(15), 2.876(30)
2-Methyl-2-propanol 20.02(15) 19.10(30) 25.8 to 82.4 1.421(50),0.678(75)
2-Methylpropene 14.84 0.1319 - 140 to -6.9
I -Methylpropyl acetate 25.72 0.1054
2-Methyl-1-propyiarnine 24.48 0.1092 - 87 to 68 21.7(25)
2-Methylpropyl formate 26.14 0.1122 - 96 to 98 0.680(20)
2-Methylpyridine 36.11 0.1243 -66.7 to 129 0.805(20), 0.710(30)
3-Methylpyridine 37.35 0.1153 - 18.3 to 144
4-Methylpyridine 37.71 0.1141 3.8 to 145
N-~ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone - 24.4 to 202 1.666(25)
Methyl salicylate 42.15 0.1174 - 8 to 223 I , 102(75), 0.815( 100)
Methyl tetradecanoate 31.00 0.0800 18.4 to 323
2-Methyltetrahydrofuran < - 7 5 to 78 0.777(-20), 0.601(0), 0.536(10)
Methyl thiocyanate 40.66 0.1305 - 5 to 133 64.3(0)
Morpholine 37.63(20) 36.24(30) -4.9 to 128 2.53(15). 1.79(30), 1.247(50)
Naphthalene 80 to 217.7 0.967(80), 0.780(100)
p-Nitroaniline 60.62 0.0923 147 to 332
Nitrohenzene 48.62 0.1185 5.8 to 210.8 2.165(15), 1.863(25), 1.262(50)
Nitroethane 35.27 0.1255 -90to 114 0.940(0), 0.688(25), 0.526(50)
Nitromethane 40.72 0.1678 -28.4 to 101.2 0.692(15), 0.596(30), 0.481(50)
1-Nitro-2-methoxybenzene 48.62 0.1185 95 to 273
o-Nitrophenol 47.35 0.1174 45 to 216 2.343(45)
1-Nitropropane 32.62 0.1009 - 108 to 131.1 0.798(25), 0.589(50), 0.460(75)
2-Nitropropane 32.18 0.1158 -91.3 to 120.3 0.750(25)
o-Nitrotoluene 44.10 0.1174 - 10 to 222 2.37(20), 1.63(40)
m-Nitrotoluene 43.54 0.1118 15.5 to 231.9 0.233(20), 1.60(40)
p-Nitrotoluene 42.26 0.0974 52 to 238 1.20(60)
Nonane 24.72 0.0935 -53.5 to 150.8 0.964(0), 0.666(25), 0.488(50)
Nonanoic acid 12.5 to 254.5 7.01 1(25), 3.712(50), 2.234(75)
1-Nonanol 29.79 0.0789 -5.5 to 215 14.3(20), 9.123(25), 4.032(50)
5-Nonanone 28.72 0.0975 -50 to 187 1.199(25), 0.834(50), 0.619(75)
I-Nonene 24.90 0.0938 -81 to 146 0.620(20), 0.586(25)
Octadecane 29.98 0.0843 28.1 to 316.3 2.487(50), 1.609(75), 1.132(100)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.283
2.283

TABLE 2.30
2.30 Viscosity and Surface Tension of Organic Compounds (Continued)
(Continuedi

Surface tension,
mN m-'

Substance a b Liquid range, "C Viscosity, mN . s . m 2

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane 20.19 0.0811 17 to 176 2.20(20)

Octane 23.52 0.0951 -56.8 to 125.7 0.546(20), 0.433(40), 0.355(60)
Octanenitrile 29.61 0.0802 -45.6 to 205 1.811(15), 1.356(30)
Octanoic acid 29.21(20) 28.7(25) 16.6 to 239 5.020(25), 2.656(50), 1.654(75)
1-Octanol 29.09 0.0795 - 15.5 to 195 10.64(15), 6.125(30), 3.232(50)
2-Octanol 27.96 0.0820 -31.6 to 180
1-Octene 23.68 0.0958 - 102 to 121 0.470(20), 0.447(25)
Oleic acid 32.80(20) 27.94(90) 13.4 to 360 38.80(20), 27.64(25)
4-Oxopentanoic acid 41.69 0.0763 33 to 246
Paraldehyde 28.28 0.1062 12.6 to 124 1.079(25), 0.692(50), 0.485(75)
Parathion 39.2(25) 6 to 375 15.30(25)
Pentachloroethane 37.09 0.1178 - 29.9 to 160 2.741(15), 2.070(30), 1.491(50)
Pentadecane 28.78 0.0857 9.9 to 270 2.814(22)
Pentanal 27.96 0.1010 -92 to 103
Pentane 18.25 0.1121 - 129.7 to 36.0 0.351(- 25), 0.274(0), 0.224(25)
1,5-Pentanediol 43.2(20) - 18 to 239 128(20)
2,4-Pentanedione 33.28 0.1144 -23.1 to 138 0.6(20)
Pentanenitrile 27.44(20) 26.33(30) -92 to 141.3 0.779(15),0.637(30)
Pentanoic acid 28.90 0.0887 -33.7 to 186 2.359(15), 1.774(30), 0.979(70)
1-Pentanol 27.54 0.0874 -79 to 137.5 4.650(15), 3.619(25), 1.820(50)
2-Pentanol 25.96 0.1004 -73 to 119.3 5.130(15), 2.780(30), 1.447(50)
3-Pentanol 24.60(20) 23.76(30) -69 to 116 7.337(15), 3.306(30), 1.473(50)
2-Pentanone 24.89 0.0655 -76.8 to 102 0.641(0), 0.473(25), 0.362(50)
3-Pentanone 27.36 0.1047 - 39.0 to 102 0.592(0), 0.444(25), 0.345(50)
1-Pentene 18.20 0.1099 - 165 to 30.1 0.313(-25), 0.241(0), 0.195(25)
cis-2-Pentene 19.71 0.1172 - 151 to 37.0
trans-2-Pentene 18.90 0.0997 - 140 to 36.3
Pentyl acetate 27.66 0.0994 -70.8 to 149.2 0.924(20), 0.862(25)
Pentylamine 24.4(13) -55 to 104 1.030(0), 0.702(25), 0.493(50)
Phenol 43.54 0.1069 41 to 182 3.437(50), 1.784(75), 1.099(100)
2-Phenylacetamide 46.26 0.0788 157 to bp
Phenyl acetate <45 to 196 1.799(45)
Phenylacetonitrile 44.57 0.1155 -23.8 to 233.5 1.93(25)
1-Phenylethanol 42.88 0.1038 20 to 204
Phenylhydrazine 48.14 0.1292 19.5 to 243 13.0(25), 4.553(50), 1.850(75)
Phenyl isothiocyanate 42.73 0.1086 -30 to 163
Phenyl salicylate 45.20 0.0976 44 to > 173
(?)-cr-Pinene 28.35 0.0944 -64 to 156 1.6l(25)
L-P-Pinene 28.26 0.0934 -61 to 166 1.70(20), 1.41(25)
Piperidine 31.79 0.1153 -11 to 106 1.573(25), 0.958(50), 0.649(75)
1,2-Propanediol (see propylene
glycol)
1,3-Propanediol 47.43 0.0903 -27 to 214 56.0(20), 18.0(40)
Propanenitrile (propionitrile) 29.63 0.1 153 -92.8 to 97.2 0.294(25), 0.240(50), 0.202(75)
1-Propanethi01 27.38 0.1272 - 113 to 68 0.503(0), 0.385(25)
2-Propanethiol 24.26 0.1174 - 131 to 52.6 0.477(0), 0.357(25), 0.280(50)
Propanoic acid 28.68 0.0993 -20.5 to 141.1 1.030(25), 0.749(50), 0.569(75)
Propanoic anhydride 30.30(20) 29.70(25) -45 to 170 1.144(20), 1.061(25)
1-Propanol 25.26 0.0777 - 127 to 97.2 2.522(15), 1.722(30), 1.107(50)
(Continued)
(Continued)
2.284 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.30
2.30 Viscosity and Surface Tension of Organic Compounds (Continued)
(Conrznued)

Surface tension,
mN m-

Substance a b Liquid range, "C Viscosity, mN . s . m2

2-Propanol 22.90 0.0789 - 89.5 to 82.4 2.859(15), 1.765(30). 1.028(50)

2-Propen- 1-01 (ally1 alcohol) 27.53 0.0902 - 129 to 98 1.363(20). 0.914(40)
Propionaldehl de (propanal) - 81 to 48 0.357(15). 0.321(25)
Propionainide 39.05 0.0909 79 to 222.2
Propyl acetate 26.60 0.1120 - 9 3 to 101.6 0.768(0). 0.544(253. 0.406(50)
Propylamine 24.86 0.1243 -83 to 32.2 0.376(25)
Prop? Ibenzene 31.13 0. I075 -99.2 to 159.2
Propyl benzoate 36.55 0.1069 -51.6 to 98
Prop?] butanoate 27.06 0.1000 -95 to 143 0.831(20)
I .2-Propylene glycol -60 to I88 40.4(0). 11.3(25). 4.770(50)
Propyleneimine up to 66 0.491(25)
1.2-Prop1lene oxide -112 to 3 1 0.327(20). 0.28(25)
Propyl formats 26.77 0.1119 - 92.9 to 80.9 0.669(0), 0.574(20). 0.317(40)
Propyl isobutanoate 25.83 0.1015 up to 135 0.831(20)
Propyl nitrate 29.67 0.1237 -100 to 110.1
Propjl pentanoate 27.72 0.0984 -75.9 to 122.5 1.053(20)
Propyl propanoate 26.85 0.1059 -76 to 122.5 0.673(20)
Proplne 14.51 0.1482 - 102.8 to 23.2
-

2-Prop>n-l-ol 38.59 0.1270 -51.8 to 113 I .68(20)

Pjridarins -50.55 0.1036 8 to 208
-

Pyridins 39.82 0.1306 -41.6 to 115.2 1.361(0). 0.879(25). 0.637(50)

P)rirnidine 32.85 0.1 0 10 22 to 124
Pyrrole 39.81 0.1100 -23.1 to 130 2 . 0 8 5 ( 0 ) . I .22.5(25). O.X28(50)
Pyrrolidine 3 1 .38 0.0900 - 58 to 86.5 1.071(0). 0.704(25). 0.512(50)
2-P! rrolidont 25 to 251 13.3(25)
Quinoline 45.2-5 0.1063 - 15 to 237 3.337(25). 1.892(50). I .201(75)
Salicylaldehyde 35.38 0.1242 - 7 to 197 2.90(20). 1.71(30). 1.669(45)
Squalane -38 to 350 6.08(20)
Squalene -75 to > 285 12(25)
Stearic acid 67 to > 181 11.6(70)
Styrene 32.0(20) 30.98( 30) -31 to I35 I .050(0). 0.696(25). 0.507(50)
Snccinonitrile 53.26 0.1079 54.5 to 266 2.591(60). 2.008i75j
1. I .2.2-Tetrabrornoetlians 52.37 0.1463 0 to 243.5 13.50(11). 9.797(20)
1.1 .2.2-Tetrachlorodifluoro 26.13 0.1133 26.0 to 92.8 1.21(25). I .2OXl30)
ethane
1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane 38.75 0.1268 -70.2 to 130.5 1.814(15). 1.456(30)
Tetrachloroethylene 32.86(15 j 31.27(30) - 2 2 to 121 1.932(15). 0.798(30). 0.654i.53)
Tetradecane 28.30 0.0869 5.5 to 253.6 2.128(25). 1.376(50). 0.953(75)
Tetradecanoic acid 33.90 0.0932 54 to >250
I -Tetradecanol 32.72 0.0703 39.5 to 289
Tetraethylene gljcol 45(25j - 6 to 328 44.9(25)
Tetraethll lead 30.50 0.0969 - 136 to > 8 5
Tetraeth! M a n e 25.22 0.1079 - 82 to 154.7
Tetraethyl silicate 23.63 0.0979 - 82.5 to 169
Tetrahydrofuran 26.5(25) - 108.5 to 65 0 605(0). 0 460(25) 0 359(50)
2..5-Tetrahj drofurandirnethanol < -5Oto265 225(25)
Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol 39.96 0.1008 < -80 to 178 6 24(20)
1,2.3.4-Tetrah> dronaphthalene 35.55 0.0954 - 35.8 to 207.6 2 202(20). 2 003(25)
Tetrahl dropyran -3s to 88 0 826(20). 0 764(25)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.285

TABLE 2.30
2.30 Viscosity and Surface Tension of Organic Compounds (Continued)
(Continued)

Surface tension,
mN. m-I

Substance a b Liquid range, "C Viscosity, mN . s . m-2

Tetrahydropyran-2-methanol 34.1(25) - 70 to 187 11.0(20)

Tetrahydrothiophene- I , 1-diox- 35.5(30) 27.6 to 287.3 9.87(30), 6.280(50), 3.818(75)
ide (sulfolane)
Tetrahydrothiophene oxide 52(30), 19(80)
Thiacyclohexane 36.06(20) 33.74(40)
Thiacyclopentane 38.44 0.1342 1.042(20),0.971(25)
Z,Z'-Thiodiethanol 53.8(20) - 10.2 to 282 65.2(20)
Thiophene 34.00 0.1328 - 39.4 to 84 0.871(O), 0.662(20), 0.353(82)
Thyrnol 33.95 0.0821 49 to 232
Toluene 30.90 0.1 189 - 94.9 to 110.6 0.623(15), 0.523(30), 0.424(50)
p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride 42.41 0.0903 67 to > 134
o-Toluidine 42.87 0.1094 - 16.5 to 200 5.195(15),4.39(20)
m-Toluidine 40.33 0.0979 -31 to 203 4.418(15), 2.741(30)
p-Toluidine 39.58 0.0957 43.8 to 200 1.945(45), 1.557(60)
m-Tolunitrile 38.85 0.1013 -23 to 210
p-Tolunitrile 39.79 0.1100 29.5 to 85
Tribenzylarnine 42.41 0.0953 91-94 to bp
Tribromomethane 48.14 0.1308 8.1 to 149.6 2.152(15), 1.741(30),1.367(50)
1,2,3-Tribromopropane 47.99 0.1267 16.5 to 220
Tributylamine 26.47 0.0831 -70 to 216 1.35(25)
Tributyl borate 26.2(20) 25.8(25) < -70 to 234 1.776(20),1.601(25)
Tributyl phosphite 27.57 0.0865 up to > 125 1.9(25)
Tributyl phosphate 28.71 0.0666 - 79 to 289 lI.l(15), 3.39(25)
Trichloroacetaldehyde 27.66 0.1197 - 57.5 to 97.8
Trichloroacetic acid 35.4 0.0895 57.5 to 196.5
1,l,I-Trichloroethane 28.28 0.1242 - 30.4 to 74 0.903(15), 0.725(30),0.578(50)
l,l,Z-Trichloroethane 37.40 0.1351 -37 to 114 0.119(20), O.llO(25)
Trichloroethylene 29.5(20) 28.8(25) - 84.8 to 87 0.703(0), 0.545(25), 0.444(50)
Trichlorofluorornethane 18(25) - 111 to 23.8 0.740(- 25), 0.539(0)
2,4,6-TrichlorophenoI 43.13 0.0955 69 to 246
I ,2,3-Trichloropropane 37.8(20) 37.05(25) - 14.7 to 157
Trichlorosilane 20.43 0.1076 - 127 to 32 0.332(20), 0.316(25)
cY,cr,cY-Trichlorotoluene - 5 to 223 3.07(10), 2.55(17)
1,I ,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-tfluoro- 17.75(20) 16.56(30) - 35 to 47.7 0.71 1(20), 0.627(30)
ethane
Tridecane 27.73 0.0872 - 5 to 235 2.909(0), 1.724(25), 1.129(50)
1-Tridecene 28.01 0.0884 - 13 to 232.8
Triethanolamine 20.5 to 335.4 609(25), 114(50), 31.5(75)
Triethylamine 22.70 0.0992 - 114.7 to 88.8 0.455(0), 0.347(25), 0.273(50)
Triethylene glycol 47.33 0.0880 - 7 to 285 49.0(20), 8.5(60)
Triethyl phosphate 31.81 0.0928 -56 to 215 1.684(40), 1.376(55)
Triethyl phosphite 25.73 0.0878 up to 156 0.72(25)
Trifluoroacetic acid 15.64 0.1844 - 15.3 to 73 0.926(20), 0.808(25), 0.57l(50)
Z,Z,Z-TrifluoroethanoI 20.6(33) -43.5 to 74 1.996(20)
Trimethylamine 16.24 0.1133 - 117 to 2.9 0.321(-33.5)
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 30.91 0.1040 -25.4 to 176.1
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 31.76 0.1025 -43.9 to 169 0.894(15), 0.730(30)
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 29.79 0.0897 - 44.7 to 165 1.154(20)
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 20.70 0.0973 - 24.9 to 80.9 0.579(20)
(Continued)
(Continued)
2.286 TWO
SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.30
2.30 Viscosity and Surface Tension of Organic Compounds (Continued)
(Continued)

Surface tension,
rnN, m-'

Substance U b Liquid range, "C Viscosity, mN s m-z

cis, cis-1,3,5-Trimethylcyclo- 0.632(20), 0.558(30)

hexane
rruns-l,3,5-Trimethylcyclo- - 107.4 to 140.5 0.714(20), 0.624(30)
hexane
Trimethylene sulfide 36.3(20) 35 .O( 30) - 73.2 to 95 0.638(20), 0.607(25)
3,5,5-Trimethyl-1-hexanol < -70t0 194 11.06(25)
2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 22.46 0.0895 - 112.3 to 110 0.598(20)
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 20.55 0.0888 - 107.4 to 99.2 0.502(20)
Trimethyl phosphite 27.18(20) 24.88(40) -78 to 112 0.61(20)
2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine -46 to 171 1.498(20)
Triphenylamine 46.2 0.0955 125 to 348
Triphenyl phosphite 22 to 360 6.95(45)
Tripropylmine 24.58 0.0878 -93.5 to 158
Tripropylene glycol 34(25) up to 273 56.1(25)
Tripropylene glycol butyl 28.8(25) up to 276 6.58(25)
ether
Tripropylene glycol ethyl ether 28.2(25) 5.17(25)
Tripropylene glycol isopropyl 27.4(25) 7.7(25)
ether
Tripropylene glycol methyl 30.0(25) -42 to 242.4 5.96(25)
ether
Tris(m-tolyl) phosphite 37.55(15), 9.132(45), 5.075(65)
Tris(p-tolyl) phosphite 35.52(15), 8.794(45), 5.017(65)
Tri-o-tolyl phosphate 40.9(20) 11 to410 38.8(35), 16.8(55)
Undecane 26.26 0.0901 -25.6 to 196 1.707(0), 1.098(25),0.761(50)
Vinyl acetate 23.95(20) 22.54(30) - 93 to 73 0.421(20)
o-Xylene 32.51 0.1101 -25.2 to 145 1.084(0),0.760(25), 0.561(50)
m-Xylene 3 1.23 0.1104 -47.9 to 139 0.795(0), 0.581(25), 0.445(50)
p-Xylene 30.69 0.1074 13 to 138 0.603(25), 0.457(50), 0.359(75)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.287

TABLE 2.31 Viscosity of Aqueous Glycerol Solutions

Relative
Viscosity, mN ⋅ s ⋅ m –2
m-2
% Weight Grams density
glycerol
glycerol per liter 25°/25°C
25'125OC 20°C
20OC 25°C
25OC 30°C
30OC
100
100 1261
1261 1.262
1.262 01 11495
495 942 622
99 1246
1246 1.259
1.259 45 11194
194 772 509
98 1231
1231 1.256
1.256 85 971
97 1 627 423
97 1216
1216 1.254
1.254 25 802 521 353
96 1201
1201 1.251
1.251 65 659 434 296
95 1186
1186 1.249
1.249 10
10 543.5
543.5 365 248
80 966.8 1.209
1.209 25 61.8 45.72 34.81
50 563.2
563.2 1.127
1.127 20 6.032 5.024 4.233
25 265.0 1.061
1.061 15
15 2.089 1.805
1.805 1.586
1.586
10
10 102.2
102.2 1.023
1.023 70 1.307
1.307 1.149
1.149 1.021
1.021

TABLE 2.32 Viscosity of Aqueous Sucrose Solutions

Solutions

Relative
Viscosity. mN ⋅ s ⋅ m
Viscosity, –2
m-2
% Weight
%Weight Grams density
sucrose per liter 20°/4°C
20°/4"C 15°C
15°C 20°C 25°C
75 1034
1034 1.379
1.379 0 4 039 2 328 11405
405
70 943.0 1.347
1.347 2 746.9 481.6 321.6
65 855.6
855.6 1.316
1.316 3 211.3 147.2
147.2 105.4
105.4
60 771.9 1.286
1.286 5 79.49 58.49
58.49 40.03
50 614.8 1.299
1.299 6 19.53
19.53 15.43
15.43 12.40
12.40
40 470.6 1.176
1.176 4 7.463
7.463 6.617 5.164
5.164
30 338.1
338.1 1.127
1.127 0 3.757 3.187 2.735

2.4
2.4 REFRACTION AND REFRACTIVE INDEX

The refractive index n11 is the ratio of the velocity of light in a particular substance to the velocity of
light in vacuum. Values reported refer to the ratio of the velocity in air to that in the substance satu-
rated with air. Usually the yellow sodium doublet lines are used; they have a weighted mean of
589.26 nm and are symbolized by D D.. When only a single refractive index is available, approximate
values over a small temperature range may be calculated using a mean value of 0.000 0.000 45 per degree
for dn/dt,
dnldt, and remembering
remembering that nnuD decreases with an increase in temperature.
temperature. If a transition point
lies within the temperature
temperature range, extrapolation is not reliable.
The specific
spec$c refraction rr,D is given by the Lorentz and Lorenz equation,

nD2 − 1 1
RD = ⋅
nD2 + 2 r

where r p is the density at the same temperature as the refractive index, and is independent of temper-
ature and pressure. The molar refraction is equal to the specific refraction multiplied by the molecu-
lar weight. It is a more or less additive property of the groups or elements comprising the compound.
A set of atomic refractions is given in Table 1.12;
1.12; an extensive discussion will be found in Bauer,
Fajans, and Lewin,
Lewin. in PliFsical
Physical Methods of Organic
01-ganicChemistry,
Chemist??. 3d ed.,
ed.. A. Weissberger (ed.),
(ed.). vol. 1,
1,
part II,
11, chap. 28, Wiley-Interscience,
Wiley-Interscience, New York,
York. 1960.
1960.
The empirical Eykman equation
nn;D −
2
-11 -11
- ⋅ = -constant
-
nn,D + r
0.4 p
+0.4
2.288 SECTION TWO

offers a more accurate means for checking the accuracy of experimental densities and refractive
indices, and for calculating one from the other, than does the Lorentz and Lorenz equation.
The refractive index of moist air can be calculated from the expression

103.49 177.4 86.26  5748 

(n − 1) × 10 6 = p1 + p2 + 1+ p3
T T T  T 

where p1 is the partial pressure of dry air (in mmHg), p2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (in
mmHg), p3 is the partial pressure of water vapor (in mmHg), and T is the temperature (in kelvins).
Example: 1-Propynyl acetate has nD = 1.4187 and density = 0.9982 at 20°C; the molecular weight
is 98.102. From the Lorentz and Lorenz equation,

(1.4187)2 + 1 1
rD = ⋅ = 0.2528
(1.4187)2 + 2 0.9982

The molar refraction is

MrD = (98.102)(0.2528) = 24.80

From the atomic and group refractions in Table 5.19, the molar refraction is computed as follows:
6H 6.600
5C 12.090
1 CæC 2.398
1 O(ether) 1.643
1 O(carbonyl) 2.211
MrD = 24.942
TABLE 2.33 Atomic and Group Refractions

Group MrD Group MrD

H 1.100 N (primary aliphatic amine) 2.322
C 2.418 N (sec-aliphatic amine) 2.499
Double bond (C˙C) 1.733 N (tert-aliphatic amine) 2.840
Triple bond (CæC) 2.398 N (primary aromatic amine) 3.21
Phenyl (C6H5) 25.463 N (sec-aromatic amine) 3.59
Naphthyl (C10H7) 43.00 N (tert-aromatic amine) 4.36
O (carbonyl) (C˙O) 2.211 N (primary amide) 2.65
O (hydroxyl) (O—H) 1.525 N (sec amide) 2.27
O (ether, ester) (C—O—) 1.643 N (tert amide) 2.71
F (one fluoride) 0.95 N (imidine) 3.776
(polyfluorides) 1.1 N (oximido) 3.901
Cl 5.967 N (carbimido) 4.10
Br 8.865 N (hydrazone) 3.46
I 13.900 N (hydroxylamine) 2.48
S (thiocarbonyl) (C˙S) 7.97 N (hydrazine) 2.47
S (thiol) (S—H) 7.69 N (aliphatic cyanide) (CæN) 3.05
S (dithia) (—S—S—) 8.11 N (aromatic cyanide) 3.79
Se (alkyl selenides) 11.17 N (aliphatic oxime) 3.93
3-membered ring 0.71 NO (nitroso) 5.91
4-membered ring 0.48 NO (nitrosoamine) 5.37
NO2 (alkyl nitrate) 7.59
(alkyl nitrite) 7.44
(aliphatic nitro) 6.72
(aromatic nitro) 7.30
(nitramine) 7.51
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.289

TABLE 2.34 Refractive Indices of Organic Compounds

Refractive
Substance Formula Density, g/ml index
Acenaphthene C12H10 1.220 1.6048/98.8°
Acetaldehyde C2H4O 0.788/16° 1.3316
Acetamide C2H5ON 1.159 1.4274/78°
Acetanilide C8H9ON 1.21/4°
Acetic acid C2H4O2 1.0492 1.3718
Acetic anhydride C4H6O3 1.0850/15° 1.3904
Acetone C3H6O 0.787/25° 1.3620/15°
Acetonitrile C2H3N 0.7828 1.3460
Acetophenone C8H8O 1.0329/15° 1.5342/19°
Acetyl chloride C2H3OCl 1.1051 1.3898
Acetylene C2H2 0.61/–80°
Adipic acid C6H10O4 1.366
Alloxan + 4H2O C4H10O8N2
Allyl alcohol C3H6O 0.8573/15° 1.4135
p-Aminobenzoic acid C7H7O2N
2-Aminopyridine C5H6N2
n-Amyl alcohol C5H12O 0.8154 1.414/13°
act-Amyl alcohol C5H12O 0.816
sec-Amyl alcohol C5H12O 0.8103 1.4053
tert-Amyl alcohol C5H12O 0.809 1.4045
Aniline C6H7N 1.026/15° 1.5863
Aniline hydrochloride C6H8NCl 1.222/4°
Anisole C7H8O 0.9925/25° 1.5150/22°
Anthracene C14H10 1.243
Anthraquinone C14H8O 1.419/4°
Azobenzene C12H10N2
Benzaldehyde C7H6O 1.0504/15° 1.5463/17.6°
Benzene C6H6 0.8790 1.5011
Benzoic acid C7H6O2 1.2656/15° 1.5397/15°
Benzoic anhydride C14H10O3 1.1989/15° 1.5767/15°
Benzoin C14H12O2
Benzonitrile C7H5N 1.0093/15° 1.5289
Benzophenone (a) C13H10O 1.085/50°
Benzoquinone C6H4O2
Benzoyl chloride C7H5OCl 1.212 1.5537
Benzoyl peroxide C14H10O4
Benzyl alcohol C7H8O 1.049/15° 1.5396
Benzyl benzoate C14H12O2 1.114/18° 1.5681/21°
Benzyl chloride C7H7Cl 1.0983 1.5415/15°
Benzyl cinnamate C16H14O2
Borneol (DL) C10H18O 1.01
a-Bromonaphthalene C10H7Br 1.4888/16.5° 1.6601/16.5°
Bromobenzene C6H5Br 1.4978/15° 1.5625/15°
Bromoform CHBr3 2.900/15° 1.6005/15°
n-Butane C4H10 0.5788 (at sat. pressure)
n-Butyl alcohol C4H10O 0.8098 1.3993
iso-Butyl alcohol C4H10O 0.8169 1.3968/17.5°
sec-Butyl alcohol C4H10O 0.808 1.3949/25°
tert-Butyl alcohol C4H10O 0.7887 1.3878
n-Butyl chloride C4H9Cl 0.9074/0 1.4015
n-Butyric acid C4H8O2 0.9587 1.3991
iso-Butyric acid C4H8O2 0.950
(Continued)
2.290 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.34 Refractive Indices of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Refractive
Substance Formula Density, g/ml index
Camphene (DL) C10H16 0.879 1.4402/80°
Camphor(D) C10H16O 0.992/10°
Carbitol C6H14O3 0.9902
(Diethyleneglycol-
monomethylether)
Carbon disulphide CS2 1.2927/0° 1.6276
Carbon tetrabromide CBr4 2.9109/99.5°
Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 1.6320/0° 1.4607
Cellosolve C4H10O2 0.9311
(Glycolmonoethylether)
Chloral hydrate C2H3O2Cl3 1.9081
Chloroacetic acid C2H3O2Cl 1.39/75° 1.4297/65°
Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 1.066 1.5248
Chloroform CHCl3 1.4985/15° 1.4467
Cholesterol C27H46O 1.067
Cineol (Eucalyptol) C10H18O 0.9267 1.4584/18°
Cinnamic acid (trans) C9H8O2 1.247
Cinnamyl alcohol C9H10O 1.0440 1.5819
Citric acid C6H8O7 1.542/18°
o-Cresol C7H8O 1.051 1.5372/40°
m-Cresol C7H8O 1.035 1.5406
p-Cresol C7H8O 1.035 1.5316
Cumene C9H12 0.8615 1.4909
Cyclohexane C6H12 0.7786 1.4262
Cyclohexanol C6H12O 0.9624 1.4656/22°
Cyclohexanone C6H10O 0.9478 1.4507
Cyclohexene C6H10 0.8108 1.4467
p-Cymene C10H14 0.8766 1.5006
cis-Decalin C10H18 0.8963 1.4811
trans-Decalin C10H18 0.8703/18° 1.4697/18°
Dibenzyl C14H14 0.995
n-Dibutyl phthalate C16H22O4 1.0465
Diethylamine C4H11N 0.7108/18° 1.3873/18°
Difluorodichloro- CCl2F2
methane (Freon 12)
Difluoromonochloro- CHClF2
methane (Freon 22)
Dimethylamine C2H7N 0.6804/0° 1.350/17°
Dimethylaniline C8H11N 0.9557 1.5582
Dioxane C4H8O2 1.0338 1.4224
Diphenyl C12H10 1.180/0° 1.5852/79°
Diphenylamine C12H11N 1.159
Epichlorhydrin C3H5OCl 1.180 1.4420/11.6°
Ethane C2H6
Ethanolamine C2H7ON 1.022 1.4539
di-Ethanolamine C4H11O2N 1.0966 1.4776
tri-Ethanolamine C6H15O3N 1.1242 1.4852
Ether (diethyl) C4H10O 0.714/20° 1.3538
Ethyl acetate C4H8O2 0.9245 1.3701/25°
Ethyl acetoacetate C6H10O3 1.0282 1.4209/16°
Ethyl alcohol C2H6O 0.7893 1.3610/20.5°
Ethylamine C2H7N 0.7057/0°
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.291

TABLE 2.34 Refractive Indices of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Refractive
Substance Formula Density, g/ml index
Ethylbenzene C8H10 0.8669 1.4959
Ethyl benzoate C9H10O2 1.0509/15° 1.5068/17.3°
Ethyl bromide C2H5Br 1.4555 1.4239
Ethyl chloride C2H5Cl 0.9214/0°
Ethylene C2H4
Ethylenediamine C2H8N2 0.902/15° 1.4540/26.1°
Ethylene dibromide C2H4Br2 2.1785 1.5379
Ethylene dichloride C2H4Cl2 1.2521 1.4443
Ethylene glycol C2H6O2 1.1155 1.4274
Ethylene oxide C2H4O 0.877/7° 1.3597/7°
Ethyl formate C3H6O2 0.9168 1.3598
Ethyl iodide C2H5I 1.9133/30° 1.5168/15°
Ethyl mercaptan C2H6S 0.8315/25° 1.4351
Ethyl nitrate C2H5O3N 1.109 1.3853
Ethyl nitrite C2H5O2N 0.900/15°
Ethyl oxalate C6H10O4 1.0785 1.4101
Ethyl salicylate C9H10O3 1.131 1.5226
Ethyl sulphate C4H10O4S 1.180/18° 1.4010/18°
Eugenol C10H12O2 1.0620/25° 1.5439/19°
Fluorescein C20H12O5
Fluorobenzene C6H5F 1.0236 1.4677
Formaldehyde CH2O 0.815/–20°
Formamide CH3ON 1.1334 1.4472
Formic acid CH2O2 1.220 1.3714
Fructose C6H12O6 1.598
Fumaric acid C4H4O4 1.635
Furfural C5H4O2 1.1594 1.5261
Furfuryl alcohol C5H6O2 1.1282/23° 1.4852
Furan C4H4O 0.9644/0° 1.4216
Glucose C6H12O6 1.544/25°
Glycerol C3H8O3 1.2604/17.5° 1.4730
Glyceryl trioleate C57H104O6 0.8992/50° 1.4561/60°
Glyceryl tripalmitate C51H98O6 0.8752/70° 1.4381/80°
Glyceryl tristearate C57H110O6 0.8559/90° 1.4385/80°
Glycine C2H5O2N
Guaiacol C7H8O2 1.1287/21.4°
n-Heptane C7H16 0.6838 1.3877
Hexachlorotethane C2Cl6 2.091
Hexamine C6H12N4
n-Hexane C6H14 0.6594 1.3749
Hippuric acid C9H9O3N 1.371
Hydroquinone C6H6O2 1.358
Indene C9H8 0.996 1.5766
Iodoform CHI3 4.008
Isobutane C4H10 0.5572 (at sat. press.)
Isopentane C5H12 0.6192 1.3538
isoprene C5H8 0.6806 1.4194
Isooctane C8H18 0.6919 1.3915
Isoquinoline C9H7N 1.099 1.6223/25°
Lactic acid C3H6O3 1.2485 1.4414
Lactose + H2O C12H24O1 1.525
Maleic acid C4H4O4 1.5920
(Continued)
2.292 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.34 Refractive Indices of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Refractive
Substance Formula Density, g/ml index
Maleic anhydride C4H2O3 0.934
Malonic acid C3H4O4 1.631/15°
Maltose + H2O C12H24O1 1.540
Menthol (L) C10H20O 0.903/15°
Mesitylene C9H12 0.8652 1.4994
Metaldehyde (C2H4O)n
Methane CH4
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 0.9280 1.3593/20°
Methyl alcohol CH4O 0.7910 1.3276/25°
Methylamine CH5N 0.699/–10.8°
Methylaniline C7H9N 0.9891 1.5702/21.2°
Methyl anthranilate C8H9O2N 1.1682/18.6°
Methyl benzoate C8H8O2 1.0937/15° 1.5205/15°
Methyl bromide CH3Br 1.732/0°
Methyl carbonate C3H6O3 1.0694 1.3687
Methyl chloride CH3Cl 0.991/–25°
Methylene bromide CH2Br2 2.8098/15°
Methylene chloride CH2Cl2 1.3348/15° 1.4237
Methyl ethyl ketone C4H8O 0.8054 1.3814/15°
Methyl formate C2H4O2 0.9867/15° 1.344
Methyl iodide CH3I 2.251/30° 1.5293/21°
Methyl methacrylate C5H8O2 0.936 1.413
Methyl sulphate C2H6O4S 1.3348/15° 1.3874
Methyl salicylate C8H8O3 1.1787/25° 1.538/18.1°
Monofluorotrichlo- CCl3F 1.494/17°
romethane (Freon 11)
Morpholine C4H9ON 0.9994 1.4545
Naphthalene C10H8 1.14 1.5822/100°
a-Naphthol C10H8O 1.099/99° 1.6206/98.7°
b-Naphthol C10H8O 1.272
a-Naphthylamine C10H9N 1.1196/25° 1.6703/51°
b-Naphthylamine C10H9N 1.0614/98° 1.6493/98°
Nicotine (L) C10H14N2 1.0097 1.5280
Nitrobenzene C6H5O2N 1.1732/25° 1.5530
Nitroethane C2H5O2N 1.050 1.3916
Nitromethane CH3O2N 1.137 1.3818
1-Nitropropane C3H7O2N 1.001 1.4015
2-Nitropropane C3H7O2N 0.990 1.3941
n-Octane C8H18 0.7025 1.3974
n-Octyl alcohol C8H18O 0.8270 1.4292
Oleic acid C18H34O2 0.898 1.4582
Oxalic acid C2H2O4
Palmitic acid C16H32O2 0.8527/62° 1.4339/60°
Paraformaldehyde (CH2O)n
Paraldehyde C6H12O3 0.9943 1.4049
n-Pentane C5H12 0.6262 1.3575
Phosgene COCl2
Phenanthrene C14H10 1.17 1.6567/129°
Phenol C6H6O 1.073 1.5245/40.6°
Phthalic acid C8H6O4 1.593
Phthalic anhydride C8H4O3 1.527/4°
Phthalimide C8H5O2N
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.293

TABLE 2.34 Refractive Indices of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Refractive
Substance Formula Density, g/ml index
a-Picoline C6H7N 0.9443 1.5010
b-Picoline C6H7N 0.9566 1.5068
g-Picoline C6H7N 0.9548 1.5058
Picric acid C6H3O7N3 1.763
Picryl chloride C6H2O6N3Cl 1.797
Pinene (Turpentine) C10H16 0.861 1.4685/15°
Piperidine C5H11N 0.8606 1.4530
Propane C3H8
n-Propyl acetate C5H10O2 0.887 1.3844
n-Propyl alcohol C3H8O 0.8035 1.3850
iso-Propyl alcohol C3H8O 0.7855 1.3776
Propylene C3H6 0.5139 (at sat. press.)
Pyridine C5H5N 0.9831 1.5102
Pyrocatechol C6H6O2 1.344
Pyrogallol C6H6O3
Quinhydrone C12H10O4 1.401
Quinoline C9H7N 1.095 1.6269
Resorcinol C6H6O2 1.285/15°
Salicylic acid C7H6O3 1.443
Stearic acid C18H36O2 0.9408 1.4335/70°
Styrene C8H8 0.9060 1.5469
Succinic acid C4H6O4 1.564/15°
Succinic anhydride C4H4O3 1.234
Sucrose C12H22O11 1.588/15°
Sylvan (2-Methylfuran) C5H6O 0.916
Tartaric acid (meso-) C4H6O6 1.666
Tartaric acid C4H8O7 1.697
(racemic) + H2O
Tartaric acid (D) C4H6O6 1.7598
Tartaric acid (L) C4H6O6 1.7598
Tetralin C10H12 1.5453/17°
Thiophen C4H4S 1.0644 1.5287
Thiourea CH4N2S 1.405
Thymol C10H14O 0.969
Toluene C7H8 0.8670 1.4969
o-Toluidine C7H9N 1.0035 1.5688
m-Toluidine C7H9N 0.987/25° 1.5686
p-Toluidine C7H9N 0.961/50° 1.5532/59.1°
Trichloroethylene C2HCl3 1.4597/15° 1.4782
Tri-o-cresyl phosphate C21H21O4P
Tri-p-cresyl phosphate C21H21O4P
Triethylamine C6H15N 0.7495/0° 1.4003
Trimethylamine C3H9N 0.6709/0°
Trinitrotoluene C7H5O6N3 1.654
Triphenylmethane C19H16
Urea CH4ON2 1.335
Uric acid C5H4O3N4 1.893
n-Valeric acid C5H10O2 0.942 1.4086
iso-Valeric acid C5H10O2 0.937/15° 1.4018/22.4°
Vanillin C8H8O3
o-Xylene C8H10 0.8802 1.5054
m-Xylene C8H10 0.8642 1.4972
p-Xylene C8H10 0.8611 1.4958
(Continued)
2.294 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.35 Solvents Having the Same

Same Refractive Index and the Same Density at 25°C
25OC

Refractive
index Density, g/mL

Solvent 1 Solvent 2 1 2 1 2
Acetone Ethanol 1.357 1.359 0.788 0.786
Ethyl formate Methyl acetate 1.358 1.360 0.9 16 0.935
Ethanol Propionitrile 1.359 1.363 0.786 0.777
2.2-Dimethylbutane 2-Methylpentane 1.366 1.369 0.644 0.649
2-Methylpentane Hexane 1.369 1.372 0.649 0.655
Isopropyl acetate 2-Chloropropane 1.375 1.376 0.868 0.865
3-Butanone Butyraldehyde 1.377 1.378 0.801 0.799
Butyraldehyde Butyronitrile 1.378 1.382 0.799 0.786
Dipropyl ether Butyl ethyl ether 1.379 1.380 0.753 0.746
Propyl acetate Ethyl propionate 1.382 1.382 0.883 0.888
Propyl acetate 1-Chloropropane 1.382 1.386 0.883 0.890
Butyronitrile 2-Methyl-2-propanol 1.382 1.385 0.786 0.781
Ethyl propionate 1 -Chloropropane 1.382 1.386 0.888 0.890
1-Propano1 2-Pentanone 1.383 1.387 0.806 0.804
Isobutyl formate 1-Chloropropane 1.383 1.386 0.881 0.890
1-Chloropropane Butyl formate 1.386 1.387 0.890 0.888
Butyl formate Methyl butyrate 1.387 1.391 0.888 0.875
Methyl butyrate 2-Chlorobutane 1.392 1.395 0.875 0.868
Butyl acetate 2-Chlorobutane 1.392 1.395 0.877 0.868
4-Methyl-2-pentanone Pentanonitrile 1.394 1.395 0.797 0.795
4-Methyl-2-pentanone 1-Butanol I .394 1.397 0.797 0.812
2-Methyl-1-propanol Pentanonitrile 1.394 1.395 0.798 0.795
2-Methyl-1-propanol 2-Hexanone 1.394 1.395 0.798 0.810
2-Butanol 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone 1.395 1.399 0.803 0.805
2-Hexanone I-Butanol 1.395 1.397 0.810 0.812
Pentanonitrile 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone 1.395 1.399 0.795 0.805
2-Chlorobutane Isobutyl butyrate 1.395 1.399 0.868 0.860
Butyric acid 2-Methoxyethanol 1.396 1.400 0.955 0.960
l-Butanol 3-Methyl-2-pentanone 1.397 1.398 0.812 0.808
1 -Chloro-2-methyIpropane Isobutyl butyrate 1.397 1.399 0.872 0.860
I-Chloro-2-methylpropane Pentyl acetate 1.397 1.400 0.872 0.871
Methyl methacrylate 3-Methyl-2-pentanone 1.398 1.398 0.795 0.808
Triethylamine 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 1.399 1.401 0.723 0.712
Butylamine Dodecane 1.399 1.400 0.736 0.746
Isobutyl butyrate 1-Chlorobutane 1.399 1.401 0.860 0.875
1-Nitropropane Propionic anhydride 1.399 1.400 0.995 1.007
Pentyl acetate 1-Chlorobutane 1.400 1.400 0.871 0.881
Pentyl acetate Tetrahydrofuran 1.400 1.404 0.871 0.885
Dodecane Dipropy lamine 1.400 1.400 0.746 0.736
1-Chlorobutane Tetrahydrofuran 1.401 1.404 0.871 0.885
Isopentanoic acid 2-Ethoxyethanol 1.402 1.405 0.923 0.926
Dipropylamine Cyclopentane 1.403 1.404 0.736 0.740
2-Pentanol 4-Heptanone 1.404 1.405 0.804 0.813
3-Methyl-1-butan01 Hexanonitrile 1.404 1.405 0.805 0.801
3-Methyl-1-butan01 4-Heptanone 1.404 1.405 0.805 0.813
Hexanonitrile 4-Heptanone 1.405 1.405 0.801 0.813
Hexanonitrile 1-Pentanol 1.405 1.408 0.801 0.810
Hexanonitrile 2-Methyl-1-butanol 1.405 1.409 0.801 0.815
4-Heptanone 1-Pentanol 1.405 1.408 0.813 0.810
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.295

TABLE 2.35 Solvents Having the Same Refractive Index and the Same Density at 25°C (Continued)
(Conrznued)

Refractive
index Density, g/mL

Solvent 1 Solvent 2 1 2 1 2
2-Ethoxyethanol Pentanoic acid 1.405 1.406 0.926 0.936
2-Heptanone I-Pentanol 1.406 1.408 0.811 0.810
2-Heptanone 2-Methyl-] -butanol 1.406 1.409 0.81 1 0.815
2-Heptanone Dipentyl ether 1.406 1.410 0.81 1 0.799
2-Pentanol 3-Isopropyl-2-pentanone 1.407 1.409 0.804 0.808
1-Pentanol Dipentyl ether 1.408 1.410 0.810 0.799
2-Methyl- 1-butanol Dipentyl ether 1.409 1.410 0.815 0.799
Isopentyl isopentanoate Ally1 alcohol 1.410 1.411 0.853 0.847
Dipentyl ether 2-Octanone 1.410 1.414 0.799 0.814
2.4-Dimethyldioxane 3-Chloropentene 1.412 1.413 0.935 0.932
2,4-Dimethyldioxane Hexanoic acid 1.412 1.415 0.935 0.923
Diethyl malonate Ethyl cyanoacetate 1.412 1.415 1.051 1.056
3-Chloropentene Octanoic acid 1.413 1.415 0.932 0.923
2-Octanone 1-Hexanol 1.414 1.416 0.814 0.814
2-Octanone Octanonitrile 1.414 1.418 0.814 0.810
3-Octanone 3-Methyl-2-heptanone 1.414 1.416 0.830 0.818
3-Methyl-2-heptanone 1-Hexanol 1.415 1.416 0.818 0.814
3-Methyl-2-heptanone Octanonitrile 1.415 1.418 0.818 0.810
1-Hexanol Octanonitrile 1.416 1.418 0.814 0.810
Dibutylamine Ally lamine 1.416 1.419 0.756 0.758
Allylamine Methylcyclohexane 1.419 1.421 0.758 0.765
Butyrolactone 1,3-PropanedioI 1.434 1.438 1.051 1.049
Butyrolactone Diethyl maleate 1.434 1.438 1.051 1.064
2-Chloromethyl-2- Diethyl maleate 1.436 1.438 1.059 1.064
propanol
N-Methylmorpholine Dibutyl decanedioate 1.436 1.440 0.924 0.932
1,3-Propanediol Diethyl maleate 1.438 1.438 1.049 1.064
Methyl salicylate Diethyl sulfide I .438 1.442 0.836 0.831
Methyl salicylate 1-Butanethiol 1.438 1.442 0.836 0.837
1-Chlorodecane Mesityl oxide 1.441 1.442 0.862 0.850
Diethylene glycol Formamide 1.445 1.446 1.128 1.129
Diethylene glycol Ethylene glycol diglycidyl 1.445 1.447 1.128 1.134
ether
Formamide Ethylene glycol diglycidyl 1.446 1.447 1.129 1.134
ether
2-Methylmorpholine Cyclohexanone 1.446 1.448 0.95 1 0.943
2-Methylmorpholine 1-Amino-2-propanol 1.446 1.448 0.95 1 0.961
Dipropylene glycol mono- Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol 1.446 1.450 1.043 1.050
ethyl ether
1-Amino-2-methyl-2- 2-Butylcyclohexanone 1.449 1.453 0.904 0.901
pentanol
2-Propylcyclohexanone 4-Methylcyclohexanol 1.452 1.454 0.923 0.908
Carbon tetrachloride 4,5-Dichloro-1.3- 1.459 1.461 1.584 1.591
dioxolane-2-one
N-Butyldiethanolamine Cyclohexanol 1.461 1.465 0.965 0.968
D-cu-Pinene trans-Decahydro- 1.464 1.468 0.855 0.867
naphthalene
Propylbenzene p-Xylene 1.490 1.493 0.858 0.857
Propylbenzene Toluene 1.490 1.494 0.858 0.860
(Continued)
2.296 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.35 Solvents Having the Same Refractive Index and the Same Density at 25°C
25OC (Continued)

Refractive
index Density, g/mL
Solvent 1 Solvent 2 1 2 1 2
Phenyl 1-hydroxyphenyl 1,3-Dimorpholyl-2- 1.491 1.493 1.081 1.093
ether propanol
Phenetole Pyidine 1.505 1507 0 961 0 978
2-Furanmethanol Thiophene 1.524 1.526 1.057 1.059
m-Cresol Benzaldehyde 1.542 1.544 1.037 1.041

2.5
2.5 VAPOR
VAPOR PRESSURE
PRESSURE AND BOILING
BOILING POINT

The vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a pure component at equilibrium at any temperature
when both liquid and vapor phases exist and thus extends from a minimum at the triple point tem-
perature to a maximum at the critical temperature,
temperature, the critical pressure the and is the most important
of the basic thermodynamic
thermodynamic properties affecting liquids and vapors.
Except at very high total pressures (above about 10 10 MPa),
MPa). there is no effect of total pressure on
vapor pressure. If such an effect is present, a correction can be applied. The pressure exerted above a
solid-vapor mixture may also be called vapor pressure but is normally only available as experimental
data for common compounds that sublime.
Numerous mathematical
mathematical formulas relating the temperature and pressure of the gas phase in equi-
librium with the condensed phase have been proposed. The Antoine equation (Eq. 1) 1) gives good cor-
relation with experimental values. Equation 2 is simpler and is often suitable over restricted
temperature ranges. In these equations, and the derived differential coefficients for use in the
Haggenmacher
Haggenmacher and Clausius-Clapeyron
Clausius-Clapeyron equations, the pp term is the vapor pressure of the compound
in pounds per square inch (psi), the t term is the temperature in degrees Celsius,
Celsius. and the T term is the
absolute temperature in kelvins (t°C + + 273.15).

Eq.
Eq. Vapor-pressure equation dp/dT
dpldT −[d(ln p)/d(1/T)]
-[d(ln p)ld(llT)I
B 22.303pB
.303 pB .303 BT 2
22.303BT'
log
10gpp=
=A−
-
11
~

+C
t+ +
(tt + C )2
C)' + CC)')2
(tt +
B 22.303aB
.303 pB
log p = A −
2 T T 22 2.303B
B  22.303B
.303 B C 
log
1Ogpp=
=A −
- - −- C log T p −
3 T  T2 T 2.303B −
- CT

Equations 11 and 2 are easily rearranged to calculate the temperature of the normal boiling point:
B
t= −C
A − log p

B
T=
A − log P
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.297

The constants in the Antoine equation may be estimated by selecting three widely spaced data
points and substituting in the following equations in sequence:

 y3 − y2   t2 − t1   t3 − t1 
   =1−  
 y2 − y1   t3 − t2   t3 + C 
 y − y1 
B= 3  (t1 + C )(t3 + C )
 t3 − t1 
 B 
A = y2 +  
 t2 + C 

In these equations, yi = log pi.

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds

Substance Eq. Range, °C A B C

Acenaphthene 1 147–187 7.728 19 2 534.234 245.576
2 147–288 8.033 2834.99
Acetaldehyde 1 liq 8.005 52 1 600.017 291.809
Acetic acid 1 liq 7.387 82 1 533.313 222.309
Acetic anhydride 1 liq 7.149 48 1 444.718 199.817
Acetone 1 liq 7.117 14 1 210.595 229.664
Acetonitrile 1 liq 7.119 88 1 314.4 230
Acetophenone 2 30–100 9.135 2 2 878.8
Acetyl bromide 1 liq 5.197 02 545.784 150.396
Acetyl chloride 1 liq 6.948 87 1 115.954 223.554
Acetylene 1 –130 to –83 9.140 2 1 232.6 280.9
1 –82 to –72 7.099 9 711.0 253.4
Acetyl iodide 1 liq 4.181 44 355.452 108.160
Acrylic acid 1 20–70 8.538 67 2305.843 266.547
Acrylonitrile 1 –20 to 140 7.038 55 1 232.53 222.47
Allyl isothiocyanate 1 10–50 5.126 58 791.434 154.019
m-Aminobenzotrifluoride 1 0–96 7.651 86 1 940.6 218.0
96–300 7.170 30 1 650.21 193.58
p-Aminophenol 1 130–185 –3.357 50 699.157 –331.343
Aniline 1 102–185 7.320 10 1 731.515 206.049
Anthracene 2 100–160 8.91 3 761
1 176–380 7.674 01 2 819.63 247.02
9,10-Anthracenedione 2 224–286 12.305 5 747.9
2 285–370 8.002 3 341.94
Benzene 1 –12 to 3 9.106 4 1 885.9 244.2
1 8–103 6.905 65 1 211.033 220.790
Benzenethiol 1 52–198 6.990 19 1 529.454 203.048
Benzoic acid 2 60–110 9.033 3 333.3
Benzonitrile 1 liq 6.746 31 1 436.72 181.0
Benzophenone 1 48–202 7.349 66 2 331.4 195.0
1 200–306 7.162 94 2 051.855 173.074
Benzotrifluoride 1 –20 to 180 7.007 08 1 331.30 220.58
Benzoyl chloride 2 140–200 7.924 5 2 372.1
Benzyl acetate 1 46–156 8.457 05 2 623.206 259.067
Benzyl alcohol 1 122–205 7.198 17 1 632.593 172.790
(Continued)
2.298 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance
Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
Biphenyl 1 69-271 7.245 41 1 998.725 202.733
2-(2-Biphenylyloxy)ethanol 1 240-300 8.005 87 2 776.761 206.914
Bromobenzene 1 56- 154 6.860 64 1 438.817 205.44 1
2-Bromobenzyl cyanide 1 85-152 5.044 59 734.821 59.273
1-Bromobutane 1 - 78 to 23 5.281 38 685.001 160.880
Bromochloromethane 1 16-68 6.496 06 942.267 192.587
Bromochlorodifluoromethane 1 -95 to 10 6.839 98 935.632 240.330
2-Bromo-2-chloro-l,l,l-trifluoro- 1 -51 to 55 6.945 02 1 127.856 227.341
ethane
Bromocyclohexane 1 68-260 6.979 80 I 572.19 217.38
p-Bromodiphenyl ether 1 25-190 7.009 3 1 902.7 153.3
1 190-400 6.681 43 1 683.84 132.90
Bromoethane 1 28-75 6.988 6 1 121.9 234.7
Bromoethene 1 -88 to 16 6.997 4 I 009.9 251.6
2-Bromoethylbenzene 1 127- 2 17 7.800 2 235.4 238.7
4-Bromoethylbenzene 1 liq 6.982 09 1 632.60 193
2-Bromo-2-methylpropane 1 0-72.8 7.395 9 1 512.7 262.2
1-Bromonaphthalene 1 liq 7.003 50 1 927.05 186.0
o-Bromostyrene 1 liq 6.910 38 1 631.2 I95
p-Bromostyrene 1 7.228 38 1 743.67 218.0
4-Bromotoluene 1 85-280 7.007 62 1 612.35 206.36
2-Bromovinylbenzene 1 110- 129 0.564 97 82.913 191.71
4-Bromovinylbenzene 1 119-147 12.504 2 7 349.00 559.02
1,2-Butadiene 1 - 69 to - 34 7.398 22 1 219.877 259.776
1 -26 to 30 6.993 83 041.117 242.274
1,3-Butadiene 1 -80 to -62 7.035 55 998.106 245.233
1 -58 to 15 6.849 99 930.546 238.854
n-Butane 1 -77 to 19 6.808 96 935.86 238.73
1-Butanethiol 1 - 2 to 123 6.927 54 281.018 218.100
2-Butanethiol 1 - 13 to 110 6.886 98 229.904 222.021
I-Butanol 1 15-131 7.476 80 362.39 178.77
2-Butanol 1 25-120 7.474 31 1 314.19 186.55
2-Butanone 1 43-88 7.063 56 1 261.34 221.97
1-Butene 1 -82 to 13 6.792 90 908.80 238.54
2-Butene cis 1 -73 to 23 6.884 68 967.32 237.87
trans 1 - 76 to 20 6.883 37 967.50 240.84
Butyl acetate 1 60- 126 7.127 12 1 430.418 210.745
n-Butylamine trimethylboron 1 0-99 8.465 21 1 980.98 193.60
n-Butylbenzene 1 62-213 6.983 17 1 577.965 201.378
sec-Butylbenzene 1 87- 174 6.942 19 1 533.95 204.39
f-Butylbenzene 1 84- 170 6.922 55 1 505.987 203.490
n-Butyl borate 1 117-218 7.406 87 1 905.035 186.134
n-Butyl-f-butyl ether 1 83-124 6.955 56 1 348.702 206.303
Butyl carbitol 1 50- 153 7.741 14 2 056.904 195.655
Butyl cellosolve 1 93- 170 6.956 59 1 399.903 172.154
sec-Butyl chloroacetate 1 30- 172 7.933 38 2 103.30 249.29
n-Butylcyclohexane 1 60-21 1 6.910 30 1 538.518 200.833
sec-Butylcyclohexane 1 91-180 6.890 96 1 530.70 202.373
f-Butylcyclohexane 1 84- 173 6.856 80 1 501.724 206.108
n-Butylcyclopentane 1 41-185 6.899 35 1 457.08 205.99
n-Butyl formate 1 29- 112 7.693 6 1 698.7 247.4
sec-Butyl formate 1 30-100 6.493 972.9 176.0
n-Butyl-a-hydroxyisobutyrate 1 112-185 8.421 7 2 617.32 287.09
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.299

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
1+But) lnaphthalene 1 25-170 7.431 17 2 227.7 202.2
I 170-345 7.081 3 1 971.5 180
2-n-But) lnaphthalene 1 25-170 7.438 08 2 242.2 202.3
I 170- 345 7.084 8 1 984.3 180
n-Butyl nitrate 1 0-70 8.054 27 1 992.83 254.30
1-Butyl pentafluoropropionate 1 82- I16 6.651 00 1 108.02 177.01
2-sec-Butylphenol 1 179-240 6.951 93 1 593.74 163.79
2-I-Butylphenol I 135- 225 7.217 56 1 822.81 196.23
4-?-Butyipheno1 1 198-252 7.000 38 1 627.51 155.24
Butyl phenyl ether 1 119-210 7.299 7 1 882.70 215.82
n-Butyl propionate 1 32-93 9.484 89 2 852.58 296.98
n-Butyl trifluoroacetate 1 71-104 8.567 94 2 305.22 301.06
1-Butyl trimethylsilyl ether 1 71-124 7.763 00 1 884.68 261.31
I-Butyne 1 -68 to 27 6.981 98 988.75 233.01
2-Butyne 1 -51 to -34 7.037 91 896.91 199.06
1 -31 to 47 7.073 38 1 101.71 235.81
iz-Butyraldehyde 1 31-74 6.385 44 913.59 185.48
Butyric acid 1 90- 163 7.739 9 1 764.7 199.9
Camphor 2 0- 180 8.799 2 797.39
1 178-232 6.106 1 043.6 116.4
Capric acid 1 153-187 6.255 3 1 106.3 57.96
Caproic acid 1 98-179 6.924 9 1 340.8 126.6
Capronitrile 1 92- 164 7.123 1 1 597.2 212.8
Caprylic acid 1 130-206 7.770 64 1 933.05 159.36
Carbarole 1 253-358 7.086 3 2 179.4 163.5
Carbitol 1 40- 151 7.640 81 1 801.31 183.97
Chloroacetic acid 1 104- 190 7.550 16 1 723.365 179.98
4-Chloroacetophenone 1 122-2 12 7.084 57 1 693.63 190.95
Chloroacetyl chloride 1 28- 107 7.149 77 1 340.79 208.70
.Y-Chloroaniline 1 61-125 3.037 67 171.35 - 14.99
2-Chloroaniline 1 20- 108 7.562 65 1 998.6 220.0
1 108-300 7.192 40 1 762.74 200.0
3-Chloroaniline 1 15-125 7.559 39 2 073.75 215
1 125-310 7.236 03 1 857.75 196.64
o-Chloroanisole 1 115- 186 7.121 36 1 655.80 188.77
Chlorobenzene 1 62-131 7 6.978 08 1 431.05 217.55
o-Chlorobenzotrichloride 1 30- I50 7.504 30 2 228.07 220.0
1 150-350 7.117 94 1 951.37 196.27
1-Chloro-4-bromobenzene 2 23-63 11.629 3 643.30
1-Chlorobutane 1 - 17 to 78.6 6.836 94 1 173.79 218.13
2-Chlorobutane 1 0-40 6.799 23 1 149.12 224.68
1-Chlorodecane 1 86-225.9 6.939 86 1 639.06 177.94
1-Chlorododecane 1 116-246 6.834 08 1 654.82 155.09
Chloroethane 1 -56 to 12 2 6.986 47 1 030.01 238.61
2-Chloroethylbenzene 1 6.981 69 1 556.0 20 I .o
3-Chloroethylbenzene 1 6.990 82 1 577.3 200
4-Chloroethylbenzene 1 6.983 09 1 577.0 200
Chloroethylene 1 -65 to - 13 6.891 17 905.01 239.48
Chloroform 1 -35 to 61 6.493 4 929.44 196.03
1-Chloroheptane 1 34- 160 6.916 70 I 453.96 199.83
1-Chlorohexadecane 1 166-327 7.282 03 2 152.61 162.73
1-Chlorohexane 1 15-136 7.051 36 1 461.72 215.57
Chlorohexylisocyanate 1 90- 180 7.740 95 2 340.50 241.90
(Continued)
(Continued)
2.300 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
Chloromethane 1 -75 to -5 7.093 49 948.58 249.34
Chloromethoxytrichlorosilane 1 0-50 7.312 92 1 545.71 226.10
2-Chloro-2-methylpropane 1 22-47 4.896 334.99 114.0
1-Chlorononane 1 69-205 7.046 54 1 655.57 192.26
1-Chlorooctane 1 54- 184 7.051 52 1 600.24 200.28
Chloropentafluorobenzene 1 36-140 7.068 83 1 389.19 213.75
p-Chlorophenetole 1 122-212 7.084 57 1 693.63 190.95
2-Chlorophenol 1 80-200 6.877 31 1 471.61 193.17
p-Chloro-P-phenylethylalcohol 1 166-259 6.917 33 1 635.63 145.87
1-Chlorophenylisocyanate 1 50- 160 12.265 9 6 532.55 499.59
m-Chlorophenylisocyanate 1 71-158 6.797 29 I 512.43 180.90
Chloroprene 1 20-60 6.161 50 783.45 179.7
1-Chloropropane 1 - 25 to 47 6.926 48 1 110.19 227.94
2-Chloropropane 1 0-30 7.771 1 582 288
3-Chloro-1-propene 1 13-44 5.297 16 418.375 128.168
2-Chloropropionitrile 1 0-84 7.329 73 1 732.55 211.79
1 84-240 7.200 85 1 657.25 205.3
y-Chloropropyltrichlorosilane 1 87-179 7.156 4 1 679.07 210.38
1-Chlorotetradecane 1 142-296.8 7.200 7 2 018.9 170.6
o-Chlorotoluene 1 0-65 7.367 97 1 735.8 230.0
1 65-220 6.947 63 I 497.2 209.0
1-Chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1 200-270 3.080 9 184.93 - 117.9
1-Chloroundecane 1 101-245 6.967 6 1 709.4 172.9
o-Chlorovinylbenzene 1 98- 155 6.956 6 1 602.2 204.5
p-Chlorovinylbenzene 1 100-127 9.969 1 4 093.5 392.4
2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine cis 1 68-109 5.487 9 785.09 115.61
trans 1 50- 150 6.814 0 1 465.07 178.53
3-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine 1 66-1 10 2.810 5 97.17 -27.51
o-Cresol 1 120-191 6.911 7 1 435.50 165.16
m-Cresol 1 150-201 7.508 0 1 856.36 199.07
p-Cresol I 128-202 7.035 08 1 511.08 161.85
Cyanic acid 1 -76 to - 6 7.568 59 1 251.86 243.79
Cyclobutane 1 -60 to 12 6.916 31 1 054.54 241.37
Cyclobutanone 1 - 24 to 25 6.116 68 933.95 183.19
Cyclobutene 1 -77 to 2 7.305 7 1 166.0 261.06
Cycloheptane 1 68- 159 6.853 95 1 331.57 216.35
1,3,5-Cycloheptatriene 1 0-65 6.974 33 1 376.84 220.75
Cyclohexane 1 20-81 6.841 30 1 201.53 222.65
Cyclohexanethiol 1 84-203 6.886 73 1 476.70 209.83
Cyclohexanol 1 94-161 6.255 3 912.87 109.13
Cyclohexene 1 6.886 17 1 229.973 224.10
Cyclohexyl acetate 1 95-172 7.975 86 2 167.99 252.30
Cyclohexylamine 1 61-128 6.689 54 1 229.42 188.80
1-Cyclohexylamino-2-propanol 1 150-238 7.011 56 1 655.02 162.59
Cyclohexylpentafluoropropionate 1 82- 155 7.725 5 1 844.73 224.89
Cyclohexyltrifluoroacetate 1 72- 147 7.802 35 1 954.66 249.33
Cyclohexyltrimethylsilyl ether 1 91-168 8.090 52 2 276.62 267.94
Cyclooctane 1 97-194 6.861 87 1 437.79 210.02
1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene 1 0-75 7.006 69 1 472.11 215.84
Cy clopentane 1 - 40 to 72 6.886 76 I 124.162 231.36
Cyclopentanethiol 1 81-173 6.914 97 1 388.63 212.05
Cyclopentanone 1 0-26 2.902 47 162.90 63.22
Cyclopentene 1 6.920 66 1 121.818 223.45
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.301

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Contimed

Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
Cyclopentyl- 1-thiaethane 1 83-199 6.940 83 1 480.70 208.47
Cyclopropane 1 -90 to -32 6.887 88 856.01 246.50
o-Cymene 1 81-180 7.266 10 1 768.45 224.95
m-Cymene 1 79- 176 7.123 74 1 644.95 212.76
p-Cymene 1 107-178 7.050 74 1 608.91 208.72
Decahydronaphthalene cis 1 68-228 6.875 29 1 594.460 203.39
trans 1 61-219 6.856 81 1 564.683 206.26
Decane 1 58-203 6.943 65 1 495.17 193.86
1-Decanethiol 1 109-271 6.998 1 1 713.6 177.0
I-Decanol 1 25-52 1 1.560 4 055 273.2
1 103-230 6.922 44 1 472.01 133.98
1-Decene 1 54- 199 6.934 77 1 484.98 195.707
Decylbenzene 1 203-298 7.035 96 1 903.98 160.33
Decylcyclohexane 1 197-298 7.019 37 1 899.33 161.35
Decylcyclopentane 1 182-279 6.999 12 1 822.05 163.05
Deuterodiborane 1 155 to -94 6.480 83 545.20 244.73
Diacetone alcohol 1 28- 115 8.502 42 2 400.56 263.79
1,3-Diacetylbenzene 1 50- 145 0.056 24 64.188 - 196.97
1,4-Diacetylbenrene 1 116-157 2.803 71 177.25 - 46.43
Diacetylene 1 -78 to 0 4.990 79 356.36 143.22
Diallyl sulfide 1 10-40 4.829 30 643.18 142.34
4,4 '-Diaminodiphenylniethane 1 198-272 3.172 31 210.49 - 137 41
Diamyl ether 1 105- 187 7.067 10 1 604.77 196.58
Dibenzyl ketone 2 285-325 8.257 3 244.42
1,2-Dibrornobenzene 1 20-117 7.501 28 2 093.7 230
1 117-300 7.102 65 1 825.77 207.0
Dibromodichloroethane 1 25-130 5.197 53 763.44 110.81
Dibromodifluoromethane 1 -26 to 23 7.152 22 1 181.612 253.85
1,2-Dibromoethane 1 52-131 6.721 48 1 280.82 201.75
1,2-Dibromoethylene cis 1 26-78 7.038 74 1 349.84 209.26
trans 1 4-71 4.581 1 1 393.641 103.56
1,2-Dibrornopropane 1 0-50 7.303 98 1 644.4 232.0
1 50-250 6.891 05 1 419.60 212.0
1,3-Dibromopropane 1 0-71 7.549 84 1 890.56 240.0
1 71-275 7.198 74 1 678.26 222.0
Di-n-butyl ether 1 89- I40 6.796 3 1 297.29 191.03
Di-t-butyl ether 1 4- 109 6.932 9 1 348.53 233.79
Di-n-butyl phthalate 1 126- 202 6.639 80 1 744.20 113.69
Di-n-butyl sebacate 1 128-208 7.587 66 2 364.89 147.54
Di-n-butyl sulfide 1 10-40 6.769 3 1 208.80 217.51
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1 131-181 7.143 78 1 704.49 219.42
1,3-Dichlorobenzene 1 91-173 7.040 1 1 607.05 213.38
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1 95- 174 7.020 8 1 590.9 210.2
Dichlorobenzotrichloride 1 20- 167 7.439 54 2 190.0 200
1 167-340 6.985 24 1 868.91 172.00
Dichlorobenzyl chloride 1 20-138 7.504 57 2 125.9 213.8
1 138-350 7.147 35 1 881.38 192.93
1,l-Dichloroethane 1 -39 to 18 6.977 0 1 174.02 229.06
1,2-Dichloroethane 1 -31 to 99 7.025 3 1 271.3 222.9
1,l-Dichloroethylene 1 -28 to 32 6.972 2 1 099.4 237.2
1,2-Dichloroethylene cis 1 0-84 7.022 3 1 205.4 230.6
trans 1 -38 to 85 6.965 1 1 141.9 23 1.9
2,2'-Dichloroethyl sulfide 1 15-76 8.587 41 2 588.23 246.06
(Continued)
(Contimed)
2.302 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance
Substance Eq.
Eq. Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
1,2-Dichloroethyltrichlorosilane 1 102-181 7.826 2 144.9 253.1
Dichloromethane 1 -40 to 40 7.409 2 1 325.9 252.6
2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)-ethanol 1 212-286 7.240 09 2 004.31 157.25
3,4-Dichlorophenylisocyanate 1 60- 190 8.679 3 3 312.3 333.9
1,2-Dichloropropane 1 45-96 6.980 7 1 308.1 222.8
3,4-Dichlorotoluene 1 0- 105 7.343 94 1 882.5 215.0
1 105-330 6.979 25 1 655.44 195.0
Diethanolamine 1 194- 24 1 8.138 8 2 327.9 174.4
1,l -Diethoxyethane 1 0-70 6.757 63 1 191.60 203.12
Diethoxymethane 1 0-75 6.908 41 1 229.52 217.01
Diethylaluminumchloride 1 44- 125 8.229 70 2 484.53 255.45
Diethylamine 1 31-61 5.801 6 583.30 144.1
N,N-diethy ladine 1 50-218 7.466 0 1 993.57 218.5
1,2-Diethylbenzene 1 liq 6.987 80 1 576.940 200.51
1,3-Diethylbenzene 1 liq 7.003 60 1 575.310 200.96
1,4-Diethylbenzene 1 liq 6.998 20 1 588.310 201.97
Diethyldichlorosilane 1 48-128 6.862 9 1 346.3 207.7
Diethyl disulfide 1 15-61 7.349 89 1 695.00 227.29
1 61-230 6.975 07 1 485.970 208.96
Diethylene glycol 1 130-243 7.636 7 1 939.4 162.7
Diethyl ether 1 - 61 to 20 6.920 32 1 064.07 228.80
Diethyl ethylphosphate 1 76- 134 4.101 6 315.17 15.50
N,N-Diethylformamide 1 30-90 6.395 4 1 203.8 165.6
Diethyl ketone 1 6.857 91 1 216.3 204
3,3-Diethylpentane 1 63-147 6.896 03 1 453.48 215.83
3,5-Diethylphenol 1 114-248 7.651 3 2 228 218.5
Diethylpropylphosphonate 1 87- 134 4.558 1 446.50 26.17
Diethyl sulfide 1 0- 150 6.928 36 1 257.83 218.66
1,2-bis-Difluoroamino-4-methyl- 1 -20 to 20 8.009 11 1 944.92 245.44
pentane
Difluoromethane 1 -82 to -32 7.138 9 821.7 244.7
1,2-Dihydroxybenzene 1 118-246 7.577 2 054 187
1,3-Dihydroxybenzene 1 151-276 7.889 2 231 169
1,2-Diiodoethylene cis 1 29- 152 5.522 797.8 106.4
trans 1 77-130 6.093 1 1 197.0 172.3
Diisoamyl sulfide 1 10-80 -1.959 8 390.61 - 219.33
p-Diisopropylbenzene 1 120-211 6.993 3 1 663.88 194.41
Diisopropyl ether 1 23-67 6.849 5 1 139.34 218.7
2,4-Diisopropylphenol 1 122-255 6.714 1 506 138
1,2-Dimethoxyethane 1 0-60 6.718 9 1 050.5 209.2
N,N-Dimethylacetamide 1 30-90 9.720 9 3 273.8 334.5
Dimethylamine 1 - 72 to 6.9 7.082 12 960.242 221.67
bis-Dimethylaminoborane 1 - 25 to 62.5 5.584 52 774.371 170.64
N-Dimethylaminodiborane 1 -38 to 14 8.340 1 1 917.35 302.73
bis-Dimethyldminodifluorosilane 1 24-88 5.952 748.7 146.9
N,N-Dimethylaniline 1 71-197 7.367 7 1 857.08 220.36
Dimethyl beryllium 1 100-180 19.089 9 I1 535.45 496.64
1,4-Dimethyl-bicycl0(2,2,1)- 1 56-119 6.761 96 1 342.66 213.53
heptane
2,3-Dimethyl-bicyclo(2,2,1)- 1 72- 138 6.868 15 1 420.32 212.94
heptane trans
2,3-Dimethyl-l,3-butadiene 1 0-68.5 7.119 7 1 299.69 238.09
2,2-Dimethylbutane 1 -42 to 73 6.754 83 1 081.176 229.34
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.303
2.303

TABLE 2.36
2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)
(Continued)

Substance
Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
2,3-Dimethylbutane 1 -35 to 81 6.809 83 1 127.187 228.90
2,3-Dimethyl-2-butanethiol 1 56- 167 6.839 56 1 354.24 215.96
2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene 1 -36 to 78 6.862 36 1 134.675 229.37
2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene 1 -21 to 97 6.950 58 1 215.428 225.44
3,3-Dimethyl-1-butene 1 - 47 to 64 6.677 51 1 010.516 224.91
Dimethyl cadmium 1 - 2 to 23 6.490 55 1 126.36 201.07
1,l-Dimethylcyclohexane 1 10- 147 6.798 21 1 321.705 217.85
1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane cis 1 18-158 6.837 46 1 367.311 215.84
trans 1 13-151 6.833 08 1 353.881 219.13
1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane cis 1 11-147 6.838 83 1 338.473 218.07
trans 1 15-152 6.834 55 1 343.687 215.39
1,4-Dirnethylcyclohexane cis 1 15-152 6.832 87 1 345.613 216.15
trans 1 10-147 6.817 73 1 330.437 21 8.58
1,l-Dimethylcyclopentane 1 - 12 to 113 6.817 24 1 219.474 221.95
1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane cis 1 - 3 to 125 6.850 08 1 269.140 220.21
trans 1 - 9 to 117 6.844 22 1 242.748 221.69
1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane cis 1 - 10-116 6.837 15 1 237.456 222.01
trans 1 - 9 to 117 6.838 17 1 240.023 221.62
Dimethyldichlorosilane 1 28-72 7.062 1 1 280.29 235.65
1,2-Dimethyldisilane 1 -46 to 0 4.024 3 255.4 129.2
Dimethyl ether 1 -71 to -25 6.976 03 889.264 241.96
N,N-Dimethylformamide 1 30-90 6.928 0 1 400.87 196.43
2,2-Dimethylhexane 1 6.837 15 1 273.59 215.07
2,3-Dimethylhexane I 6.870 04 1 315.50 214.16
2,4-Dimethylhexane 1 6.853 05 1 287.88 214.79
2,5-Dimethylhexane 1 6.859 84 1 287.27 214.41
3,3-Dimethylhexane 1 6.851 21 1 307.88 217.44
3,4-Dimethylhexane 1 6.879 86 1 330.04 214.86
1,l-Dimethylhydrazine 1 - 35 to 20 7.408 13 1 305.91 225.53
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine 1 1-25 5.611 9 633.59 143.17
N,N-Dimethylhydroxylamine 1 17-90 7.565 8 1 415.96 201.93
0,N-Dimethylhydroxylamine 1 -45 to 42.2 7.405 4 1 245.58 233.06
Dimethylmalononitrile 1 49- 140 7.035 5 1 546.99 202.00
I ,3-Dimethylnaphthalene 1 20- 148 7.634 7 2 295.4 232.4
1 148-310 7.269 8 2 076.0 210
1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene 1 20- 148 7.634 7 2 345.8 232.6
(same for 1,6- and 1,7-) 1 148-3 10 7.269 8 2 076.0 210
1&Dimethylnaphthalene 1 25-150 7.407 89 2 123.2 201.2
1 150-320 7.056 4 1 879 180
2,3-Dimethylnaphthalene 1 20- 155 7.403 96 2 111.9 201.1
1 155-315 7.052 7 1 869 180
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 1 20- I50 7.396 8 2 080.3 200.8
1 150-310 7.046 0 1 841 180
2,7-Dimethylnaphthalene 1 25-150 7.398 75 2 085.9 200.9
1 150-310 7.047 8 1 846 180
2,2-Dimethylpentane 1 - 19 to 103 6.814 80 1 190.033 223.30
2,3-Dimethylpentane 1 - 10 to 115 6.853 82 1 238.017 221.82
2,4-Dimethylpentane 1 - 17 to 105 6.826 21 1 192.04 225.32
3,3-Dimethylpentane 1 - 14 to 112 6.826 67 1 228.663 225.32
2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone 1 48-125 6.968 53 1 382.84 213.06
Dimethyl-o-phthalate 1 82-151 4.522 32 700.31 5 1.42
2,2-Dimethylpropane 1 - 14 to 29 6.604 27 883.42 227.78
2,2-Dimethyl-1-propano1 1 55-115 7.875 3 1 604.7 208.2
(Continued)
(Continued)
2.304 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
2,5-Dimethylpyrrole 1 100-199 7.203 06 1 509.60 181.76
2.4-Dimethy lquinoline 1 185-269 7.025 4 1 830.29 174.44
2,6-Dimethylquinoline 1 188- 267 6.931 12 1 748.73 166.37
Dimethyl sulfide 1 -22 to 20 7.150 9 1 195.58 242.68
3,3-Dimethyl-2-thiabutane 1 liq 6.847 09 1 259.648 218.69
2,2-Dimethyl-3-thiapentane 1 liq 6.850 86 1 323.24 212.89
2,4-Dimethyl-3-thiapentane 1 liq 6.871 18 1 327.12 212.55
2,3-Dimethylthiophene 1 50-205 6.924 9 1 430.0 212
2,4-Dimethylthiophene 1 50-205 6.993 9 1 450.7 212.0
2,5-Dimethylthiophene 1 47-200 6.961 1 1 427.7 213.2
3,4-Dimethylthiophene 1 54-205 6.996 1 1 467.1 211.5
1,3-Dinitrobenzene 1 252-292 4.337 229.2 - 137
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 1 200-299 5.798 1 118 61.8
2,6-Dinitrotoluene 1 150- 260 4.372 380 - 43.6
3,5-Dinitrotoluene 1 220-270 1.556 30.59 - 302
1,4-Dioxane 1 20- 105 7.431 55 1 554.68 240.34
Dipentene 1 21-170 7.111 6 1 613.42 207.8
2,2’-Diphenol 1 171-325 8.193 5 3 067.6 253.1
Diphenyldichlorosilane 1 192- 28 1 6.999 03 1 918.20 161.41
Diphenyl ether 1 204-271 7.011 04 1 799.71 177.74
Diphenylmethane 1 217-282 6.291 1 261 105
Di-n-propyl ether 1 26-89 6.947 6 1 256.5 219.0
Disilanyl chloride 1 -46 to 18 7.104 8 1 211.8 245.2
2,3-Dithiabutane 1 6-135 6.977 92 1 346.342 218.86
5,6-Dithiadecane 1 101-263 6.963 8 1 684.1 181.3
3,4-Dithiahexane 1 40-182 6.975 07 1 485.970 208.96
4,5-Dithiaoctane 1 72-226 6.975 29 1 603.793 195.85
Dodecane 1 91-247 6.997 95 1 639.27 181.84
1-Dodecanethiol 1 7.024 4 1 817.8 164.1
Dodecanoic acid 1 106- 176 7.860 8 2 159.1 143.2
1-Dodecanol 1 138-2 14 7.539 86 2 003.29 168.13
1-Dodecene 1 89-244 6.976 07 1 621.11 182.45
Durenol 1 108-249 7.758 2 432 250
Eicosane 1 198-379 7.152 2 2 032.7 132.1
1-Eicosanethiol 1 7.114 2 125 119
1-Eicosene 1 liq 7.135 1 2 043.0 137.9
Ethane 1 - 142 to - 75 6.829 15 663.72 256.68
Ethanethiol 1 -49 to 56 6.952 06 1 084.531 23 1.39
Ethanol 1 - 2 to 100 8.321 09 1 718.10 237.52
Ethanolamine 1 65-171 7.456 8 1 577.67 173.37
Ethyl acetate 1 15-76 7.101 79 1 244.95 217.88
m-Ethylacetophenone 1 19-143 3.767 2 708.05 182.6
p-Ethylacetophenone 1 21-94 4.274 6 629.34 120.9
Ethylamine 1 - 20 to 90 7.054 13 987.3 1 220.0
N-Ethylaniline 1 50-207 7.422 8 1 903.4 214.3
Ethylbenzene 1 26- 164 6.957 19 1 424.255 213.21
2-Ethyl-1-butene 1 -28 to 88 6.997 12 1 218.352 231.30
Ethyl butyl ether 1 38-92 6.944 4 1 256.4 216.9
Ethyl chloroacetate 1 25- 146 6.967 1 355.9 188.2
p-Ethylchlorobenzene 1 109-184 6.951 1 1 557.1 198.1
Ethylcyclohexane 1 20- 160 6.867 28 1 382.466 214.99
Ethylcyclopentane 1 -0.1 to 129 6.887 09 1 298.599 220.68
Ethylene 1 -153 to -91 6.744 19 594.99 256.16
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.305

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance
Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
Ethylene glycol 1 50-200 8.090 8 2 088.9 203.5
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether 1 63-134 7.874 6 1 843.5 234.2
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 1 56- 124 7.849 8 1 793.9 236.9
Ethylene oxide 1 -49 to 12 7.128 43 1 054.54 237.76
Ethyl formate 1 4-54 7.009 0 1 123.94 218.2
3-Ethylhexane 1 6.890 98 1 327.88 212.60
2-Ethyl- 1-hexanol 1 74-184 6.914 7 1 339.7 147.8
2-Ethyl-2-hexenal 1 54-175 6.861 3 1 457.4 190.6
Ethyl iodoacetate 1 29-89 4.073 7 374.64 54.8
Ethyl isothiocyanate 1 10-50 7.106 0 1 567.5 234.2
Ethyl methyl ether 1 5-7.7 5.518 434.5 158
Ethyl methyl ketone 1 6.974 21 1 209.6 216
3-Ethyl-5-methylphenol 1 195- 247 7.040 83 1 615.44 152.6
2-Ethyl-4-methyl-1-pentan01 1 70- 176 6.582 6 1 134.6 129.2
Ethyl nitrate 1 0-60 7.163 7 1 338.8 224.9
3-Ethylpentane 1 -7 to 119 6.875 64 1 251.827 219.89
2-Ethylphenol 1 86-208 7.800 3 2 140.4 227
3-Ethylphenol 1 97-218 7.468 1 856 187
4-Ethylphenol 1 101-218 8.291 2 423 229
Ethyl phenyl ether 1 117-181 7.021 38 1 508.39 194.49
Ethyl n-propanoate 1 34-98 6.994 9 1 260.6 207.4
Ethyl n-propyl ether 1 20-63 6.985 1 1 188.5 226.4
Ethyl n-propyl ketone 1 75-133 7.000 82 1 365.79 208.01
m-Ethylstyrene I 7.039 28 1 614.0 198
p-Ethylstyrene 1 6.900 71 1 570.9 198
Ethyl trichloroacetate 1 44-95 7.725 4 1 927.0 233.7
Ethyl trichlorosilane 1 28-96 6.606 I 118 20 1
Ethyl triexthoxysilane 1 64- 153 6.886 8 1 377.9 183.0
Ethyl vinyldichlorosilane 1 45-122 6.859 1 331 210.8
Fenchyl alcohol 1 59-200 5.693 797.6 84.6
Fluoranthene 1 197-384 6.373 1 756 118
Fluorene 1 161-300 7.761 8 2 637.1 243.2
Fluorobenzene 1 -18t084 7.187 0 1 381.8 235.6
rn-Fluorobenzotrifluoride 1 40- 137 7.006 59 1 304.35 215.67
bis-(Fluorocarbony1)-peroxide 1 -47 to -7 9.608 4 2 247.64 319.83
p-Fluorotoluene 1 68-155 6.994 26 1 374.055 217.40
Formaldehyde 1 - 109 to - 22 7.195 8 970.6 244.1
Formic acid 1 37-101 7.581 8 1 699.2 260.7
Formyl fluoride 1 -95 to -61 5.270 362 175
Furan 1 2-61 6.975 27 1 060.87 227.74
2-Furfuraldehyde 1 56-161 6.575 9 1 198.7 162.8
Glycerol 1 183-260 6.165 1 036 28
Glyceryl- 1,3-diacetate 1 100-190 6.407 3 1 092.0 119.3
Guaiacol 1 82-205 6.161 1 051 116
Hemellitenol 1 123- 248 6.972 1 563 134
Heptadecane 1 161-337 7.014 3 1 865.1 149.20
1-Heptadecene 1 7.008 67 1 868.9 152.50
Heptane 1 -2 to 124 6.896 77 1 264.90 216.54
1-Heptanethiol 1 58-206 6.952 49 1 525.311 197.70
Heptanoic acid 1 112-150 5.287 4 665.54 42.07
1-Heptanol 1 60- 176 6.647 67 1 140.64 126.56
1-Heptene 1 -6 to 118 6.901 87 1 258.345 219.30
Hexadecane 1 149-321 7.028 67 1 830.51 154.45
(Continued)
2.306 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance
Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
1-Hexadecanethiol 1 7.075 1 990 140
1-Hexadecanol 1 50- 103 7.281 7 1 909.7 128.1
1 145-190 6.158 6 1 380.0 91
1-Hexadecene 1 7.040 11 1 840.52 157.57
1,5-Hexadiene 1 0-59 6.574 1 1 013.5 214.8
Hexafluoroacetone 1 - 79 to - 27 6.650 2 725.90 219.9
Hexafluorobenzene 1 5-114 7.032 95 1 227.98 215.49
Hexafluorodisiloxane 1 -39 to -23 7.471 2 1 169.3 278.1
Hexafluoroethane 1 - 93 to - 78 6.793 35 657.06 246.2
Hexahydroindane cis 1 77-168 6.868 22 1 497.33 207.67
trans 1 71-161 6.861 19 1 475.70 209.66
Hexamethyldisiloxane 1 36- 138 6.773 79 1 202.03 208.25
Hexane 1 - 25 to 92 6.876 01 1 171.17 224.41
1-Hexanethiol 1 40-181 6.946 64 1 454.004 204.95
1-Hexanol 1 35-157 7.860 45 1 761.26 196.66
2-Hexanol 1 25-142 7.261 0 1 371.7 173.2
3-Hexanol 1 25-138 7.689 1 670.0 211.8
1-Hexene 1 16-64 6.857 70 1 148.62 225.35
3-Hexyne 1 - 20 to 24 5.895 863.3 194
Hydroquinone 1 159-286 8.137 2 461 183
3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone 1 45- 146 7.340 9 1 653.6 227.5
Iodobenzene 1 20- 188 7.011 9 1 640.1 208.8
Iodoethane 1 30-60 6.959 1 232 229
Isoamyl acetate 1 41-95 7.436 1 606.6 216
Isobutylbenzene 1 86- 174 6.935 56 1 530.05 204.59
Isobutyl borate 1 99-200 7.197 1 745.8 193
Isobutyl cellosolve 1 71-159 7.694 8 1 825.9 219.6
Isobutylcyclohexane 1 85-172 6.867 91 1 493.10 203.16
Isobutyl nitrate 1 0-70 8.164 3 2 022.7 262.4
Isobutyraldehyde 1 13-63 6.735 1 1 053.2 209.1
Isobutyric acid 1 58-152 4.894 382.6 38
Isocaproic acid 1 96- 133 6.258 1 038.6 130
Isopropylbenzene 1 39-181 6.936 66 1 460.793 207.78
Isopropyl borate 1 65-139 8.070 2 120 269
o-Isopropylbromobenzene 1 132-210 6.717 8 1 462.7 170.9
Isopropyl caprate 1 90- 178 9.959 4 013.9 326.5
Isopropyl caprylate 1 65- 146 8.032 2 2 213.6 220.9
Isopropyl cellosolve 1 67-140 7.500 0 1 639.2 213.3
Isopropyl chloroacetate 1 35- 153 8.382 2 328 275
Isopropylcyclohexane 1 71-155 6.873 14 1 453.20 209.44
Isopropylcyclopentane 1 47-127 6.887 36 1 380.12 218.05
Isopropyl laurate 1 117-196 8.532 6 2 951.6 240.7
Isopropyl myristate 1 140- 193 10.418 0 4 866.48 314.17
Isopropyl nitrate 1 0-70 7.266 6 1 434.4 255.2
Isopropyl palmitate 1 160- 197 10.916 4 5 572.0 364.8
o-Isopropylphenol 1 97-215 8.167 2 343 229
p-Isopropylphenol 1 108-228 8.666 2 810 25 8
Isopropyl phenyl ether 1 12- 175 6.517 6 1 238.0 163.0
Isopropyl stearate 1 182-207 0.079 3 10.41 - 221
Isopseudocumenol 1 106-233 5.602 768 49
Isoquinoline 1 167-244 6.912 2 1 723.4 184.3
Isovaleric acid 1 86- 104 3.946 55 255.41 11.3
Ketene 1 -88 to -49 7.615 1 036 269
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.307

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
Lauric acid 1 106- 176 7.860 8 2 159.1 143.2
Lepidine 1 199-266 7.271 2 1 946.14 177.64
2,3-Lutidine 1 155-162 7.447 8 1 832.6 240.1
2,4-Lutidine 1 150-160 7.339 0 1 733.4 230.4
2,5-Lutidine 1 85- 157 7.081 0 1 539.6 209.6
2,6-Lutidine 1 79- 144 7.056 7 1 470.2 208.0
3,4-Lutidine 1 172- 180 7.362 0 1 840.1 231.5
3,5-Lutidine 1 163-173 7.333 1 1 783.6 228.7
Mesitol 1 94-221 6.659 1 392 148
Mesityl oxide 1 14- 130 6.635 8 1 186.1 186.0
Methacrylonitrile 1 6.980 2 1 274.96 220.7
Methane c 1 - 195 to - 183 7.193 09 451.64 268.49
liq 1 - 181 to - 152 6.695 61 405.42 267.78
Methanol 1 - 14 to 65 7.897 50 1 474.08 229.13
1 64-110 7.973 28 1 515.14 232.85
Methoxybenzene 1 110- 164 7.052 69 1 489.99 203.57
N-Methylacetamide 1 40-90 2.631 1 121.7 - 9.3
Methyl acetate 1 1-56 7.065 2 1 157.63 219.73
Methy la1 1 0-35 6.872 2 1 049.2 220.6
Methylamine 1 -83 to - 6 7.336 9 1 011.5 233.3
N-Methylaniline 1 50-200 7.081 9 1 631.3 192.4
Methyl benzoate 1 111- 199 7.273 1 847 22 1
Methyl borate 1 31-68 7.646 0 1 491.5 245.5
Methyl boric anhydride 1 0-55 8.004 1 1 726.1 257.9
2-Methyl- 1,3-butadiene 1 -52 to -24 7.011 87 1 126.159 238.88
1 - 19 to 55 6.885 64 1 071.578 233.51
1 - 45 to - 20 7.151 95 1 194.537 239.47
1 -20 to 62 6.943 SO 1 103.901 230.89
2-Methylbutane 1 - 57 to 49 6.833 15 1 040.73 235.45
2-Methyl-1 -butanethiol 1 liq 6.913 85 1 347.317 215.07
3-Methyl-I -butanethiol 1 liq 6.914 91 1 342.509 214.45
2-Methyl-2-butanethiol 1 liq 6.828 37 1 254.885 218.76
2-Methyl-1 -butanal 1 34- 129 7.067 30 1 195.26 156.83
3-Methyl-1-butanol 1 25-153 7.258 21 1 314.36 169.36
2-Methyl-2-butanol 1 25-102 6.519 3 863.4 135.3
3-Methyl-2-butanol 1 25-111 6.942 1 I 090.9 157.2
2-Methyl- 1-butene 1 -53 to 52 6.846 37 1 039.69 236.65
3-Methyl-] -butene 1 -63 to 41 6.824 55 1 012.37 236.65
2-Methyl-2-butene 1 -48 to 60 6.966 59 1 124.33 236.63
Methyl butyl ether 1 23-69 6.887 1 1 162.1 219.9
3-Methyl- 1-butyne 1 -55 to 47 6.884 80 I 014.81 227.1 1
2-Methyl-3 -butyn-2-ol 1 21-106 6.657 5 976.5 154.1
Methyl n-butyrate 1 6.972 11 1 272.73 208.5
Methyl caprate 1 107-188 7.190 0 1 783.8 181.6
Methyl caproate 1 44- 105 7.409 3 1 672.74 218.98
Methyl caprylate 1 100-146 6.916 5 1 496.3 176.5
Methyl carbitol 1 112- 193 7.424 1 751 192
Methyl cellosolve acetate 1 70- 144 7.125 1 1 447.0 196.1
Methyl chloroacetate 1 45- 130 7.004 4 1 306.3 187.3
Methylcyclohexane 1 - 3 to 127 6.823 00 1 270.763 221.42
Methylcyclopentane 1 - 24 to 96 6.862 83 1 186.059 226.04
Methyldichlorosilane 1 1-41 7.027 8 1 167.8 240.7
1-Methyl-2-ethylbenzene 1 48-194 7.003 14 1 535.374 207.30
(Continued)
(Continued)
2.308 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance
Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
1-Methyl-3-ethylbenzene 1 46- 190 7.015 82 1 529.184 208.51
1-Methyl-4-ethylbenzene 1 46-191 6.998 02 1 527.113 208.92
1-Methyl- 1-ethylcyclopentane 1 43- 122 6.859 20 1 347.602 217.21
1-Methyl-2-ethylcyclopentane cis 1 49- 129 6.905 88 1 388.412 216.89
2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane 1 6.867 31 1 318.12 215.31
3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane 1 6.867 31 1 347 219.68
3-Methyl-5-ethylphenol 1 111-233 7.958 2 236 208
2-Methyl-5-ethylpyridine 1 52- 177 5.050 517 59
N-Methylformamide 1 96-200 7.497 4 I 849.4 201.1
Methyl formate 1 21-32 3.027 3.02 -11.9
2-Methylheptane 1 42- 119 6.917 35 1 337.47 213.69
3-Methylheptane 1 43-120 6.899 44 1 331.53 212.41
4-Methylheptane 1 6.900 65 1 327.66 212.57
2-Methylhexane 1 -9 to 115 6.873 18 1 236.026 219.55
3-Methylhexam 1 -8 to 117 6.867 64 1 240.196 219.22
Methylhydrazine 1 2-25 6.576 2 1 007.5 181.4
N-Methylhydroxylamine 1 40-65 7.045 6 1 223.3 172.1
0-Methylhydroxylamine 1 - 63 to 48 7.363 9 1 225.3 225.2
Methyl isobutyl ketone 1 22-116 6.672 7 1 168.4 191.9
1-Methyl-2-isopropylhenzene 1 liq 6.940 4 1 548.05 203.15
1-Methyl-3-isopropylbenzene 1 liq 6.940 5 1 539.05 203.93
1-Methyl-4-isopropylbenzene 1 liq 6.923 7 1 537.06 203.05
3-Methylisoquinoline 1 176-225 6.969 2 1 717.3 166.9
Methyl isothiocyanate 1 10-50 2.896 8 103.6 45.4
Methyl laurate 1 158-212 6.767 1 1 589.72 140.5
Methyl linolate 1 166-206 6.111 1 1 660.1 118.8
Methyl methacrylate 1 39-89 8.409 2 2 050.5 274.4
Methyl myristate 1 166-238 7.622 3 2 283.93 184.8
1-Methylnaphthalene 1 108-278 7.035 92 1 826.948 195.00
2-Methylnaphthalene 1 105-274 7.068 50 1 840.268 198.40
Methyl Okdte 1 166-205 7.544 1 2 656.9 200.7
Methyl palmitate 1 148- 202 9.594 4 4 146.43 297.76
2-Methylpentane 1 -32 to 83 6.839 10 1 135.410 226.57
3-Methylpentane 1 - 30 to 87 6.848 87 1 152.368 227.13
2-Methyl-2-pentanethiol 1 56- 165 6.858 5 1 343.79 212.8
2-Methyl- 1-pentanol 1 25-150 7.520 1 1 564.7 189.2
2-Methyl-4-pentanol 1 25-133 8.467 1 2 174.9 257.8
2-Methyl- 1-pentene 1 - 30 to 85 6.850 30 1 138.516 224.70
3-Methyl-1-pentme 1 - 38 to 77 6.755 23 1 086.316 226.20
4-Methyl- 1-pentme 1 - 38 to 77 6.835 29 1 121.302 229.68
2-Methyl-2-pentene 1 -26 to 90 6.923 67 1 183.837 225.51
3-Methyl-2-pentene cis 1 -26 to 91 6.910 73 1 186.402 226.70
trans 1 -23 to 94 6.926 34 1 194.527 224.83
4-Methyl-2-pentene cis 1 - 35 to 79 6.841 29 1 120.707 226.59
trans 1 - 33 to 81 6.880 30 1 142.874 227.14
Methyl phenyl ether 1 110-164 7.052 69 1 489.99 203.57
2-Methylpipendine 1 51-158 6.818 59 1 274.61 205.40
2-Methylpropane 1 -87 to 7 6.910 48 946.35 246.68
2-Methyl- 1-propanethiol 1 -10 to 113 6.887 46 1 237.282 220.3 1
2-Methyl-2-propanethiol 1 1-88 6.787 81 1 115.565 221.31
2-Methyl- 1-propano1 1 20-115 7.327 05 1 248.48 172.92
2-Methyl-2-propanol 1 26-83 9.170 6 2 206.4 267.9
2-Methylpropene 1 -82 to 12 6.684 66 866.25 234.64
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.309

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
N-Methylpropionamide 1 30-90 - 0.9103 119.4 - 148.0
Methyl propionate 1 21-79 6.942 4 1 170.2 208.8
2-Methyl-2-propylamine 1 19-75 6.783 2 993.33 210.50
Methyl propyl ether 1 0-39 6.118 6 708.69 179.9
2-Methylpyridine 1 80- 168 7.032 4 1 415.73 211.63
3-Methylpyridine 1 74- 185 7.050 21 1 481.78 211.25
4-Methylpyridine 1 75-186 7.041 77 1 480.68 210.50
1-Methylpyrrole 1 49- 149 7.085 0 1 368.66 212.80
6-Methylquinoline 1 187-266 6.927 2 1 746.08 166.46
7-Methylquinoline 1 238-258 7.597 7 2 229.4 214.9
Methyl salicylate 1 79-220 7.083 3 1 712.8 187.1
Methyl stearate 1 204-240 2.357 0 68.92 - 156.5
o-Methylstyrene 1 32- 112 7.212 9 1 664.08 214.59
1 75-255 6.884 61 1 485.41 200.0
m-Methylstyrene 1 10-72 7.275 34 1 695.4 220.0
1 72-250 6.879 28 1 471.44 200.0
p-Methylstyrene 1 68-170 7.011 2 1 535.1 200.7
a-Methylstyrene 1 6.923 66 1 486.88 202.4
P-Methylstyrene 1 6.923 39 1 499.80 201.0
Methyl sulfoxide 1 20-50 7.763 7 2 048.7 231.6
3-Methyl-2-thiabutane 1 13 to 109 6.901 96 1 232.170 221.67
2-Methylthiacyclopentane 1 liq 6.944 12 1 409.503 214.41
3-Methylthiacyclopentane 1 67- 179 6.949 1 1 431.8 213.6
2-Methyl-3-thiapentane 1 liq 6.891 30 1 293.05 215.04
Methyl-2-thiazole 1 80- 128 7.042 1 1 407.05 209.33
2-Methylthiophene 1 9-138 6.938 97 1 326.48 214.31
3-Methylthiophene 1 11-141 6.986 11 1 363.83 216.78
Methyl trichlorosilane 1 13-64 7.088 2 1 289.2 239.9
2-Methyl-5 -vinylpyridine 1 69-183 6.156 1 023 129
Morpholine 1 0-44 7.718 13 1 745.8 235.0
1 44- 170 7.160 30 1 447.70 210.0
Naphthalene c 1 86-250 7.010 65 1 733.71 201.86
liq 1 125-218 6.818 1 1 585.86 184.82
1-Naphthol 1 141-282 7.284 21 2 077.56 184.0
2-Naphthol 1 144-288 7.347 14 2 135.00 183.0
Nicotine 1 134- 246 6.789 1 650 176
o-Nitroaniline 2 150-260 8.868 4 3 336.50
m-Nitroaniline 2 170-260 8.818 8 3 440.9
p-Nitroaniline 2 190-260 9.559 5 4 039.73
Nitrobenzene 1 134-211 7.115 6 1 746.6 201.8
m-Nitrobenzofrifluoxide 1 10-105 7.653 15 2 006.1 220.0
1 104-280 7.180 25 1 710.60 195.12
Nitromethane 1 56- 136 7.281 66 1 446.94 227.60
1-Nitropropane 1 59-131 7.114 6 1 467.45 215.23
o-Nitrotoluene 1 129-222 5.851 946 96
p-Nitrotoluene 1 148-233 6.994 8 1 720.39 184.9
Nonadecane 1 184-366 7.015 3 1 932.8 137.6
1-Nonadecene 1 liq 7.115 1 1 997.4 142.7
Nonafluorocyclopentane 1 17-75 6.945 3 1 051.7 220.1
Nonane 1 39-179 6.938 93 1 431.82 202.01
1-Nonanethiol 1 93-251 6.983 9 1 655.6 183.7
Nonanoic acid 1 137- 177 3.235 9 143.97 - 75.6
1-Nonanol 1 94-214 7.827 8 1 953.8 181.9
(Continued)
(Continued)
2.310 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance
Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
1-Nonene 1 35- 175 6.954 30 1 436.20 205.69
Octadecane 1 172-352 7.002 2 1 894.3 143.30
1-Octadecanethiol 1 liq 7.096 2 061 129
1-Octadecanol 1 120- 218 6.461 6 1 599 90
1-Octadecene 1 7.060 65 1 997.4 147.50
Octane 1 19-152 6.918 68 1 351.99 209.15
1-Octanethiol 1 76-229 6.969 09 1 593.0 190.61
1-Octanol 1 0-80 12.070 1 4 506.8 319.9
1 70- 195 6.837 90 1 310.62 136.05
2-Octanol 1 72-180 6.388 8 1 060.4 122.5
3-Octanol 1 76- 176 5.221 5 560.3 64.7
4-Octanol 1 71-176 5.739 6 760.5 89.5
1-Octene 1 15-147 6.934 95 1 355.46 213.05
5-Oxyhydrindene 1 120-25 1 9.213 7 3 665.8 326.4
Pentachloroethane 1 25-162 6.740 1 378 197
Pentadecane 1 136-304 7.023 59 1 789.95 161.38
1-Pentadecene 1 7.022 91 1 788.58 163.347
1.2-Pentadiene 1 -42 to -26 7.259 90 1 250.293 241.96
1 - 21 to 67 6.918 20 1 104.991 228.85
1,3-Pentadiene cis 1 - 43 to - 22 7.193 87 1 223.602 240.62
1 - 18 to 66 6.910 89 1 101.923 229.37
trans 1 - 45 to - 20 7.102 12 1 185.389 239.41
1 - 18 to 64 6.913 17 1 103.840 23 I .72
1 -57 to -37 7.174 01 1 155.378 244.30
1 - 33 to 47 6.835 43 1 017.995 23 1.46
2.3-Pentadiene 1 -39to-18 7.202 53 1 231.768 237.56
1 - 14 to 70 6.962 16 1 126.837 227.84
Pentafluorobenzene 1 49-94 7.036 65 1 254.07 216.02
Pentafluorochloroacetone 1 -40 to 32 6.848 4 925.3 225.4
Pentafluorochlorethane 1 -95 to -39 6.833 34 802.97 242.27
Pentafluorophenol 1 105-15s 7.066 0 1 379.15 183.91
2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropanol 1 0-23 6.308 7 830.56 153.8
Pentaflnorotoluene 1 39- 138 7.084 78 1 392.20 213.67
bis-Pentamethyldisilanoxydisilane 1 169- 201 8.556 64 3 051.316 258.85
bis-Pentamethyldisilanyl ether 1 88- 183 8.161 44 2 575.250 273.32
Pentane 1 -50 to 58 6.852 96 1 064.84 233.01
Pentanenitrile 1 69- 141 7.104 9 1 519.4 218.4
1-Pentanethiol 1 19-153 6.933 11 1 369.479 211.31
Pentanoic acid 1 72- 174 5.412 591 60
1-Pentanol 1 37-138 7.177 58 1 314.56 168.11
2-Pentanol 1 25-120 7.275 75 1 271.92 170.37
3-Pentanol 1 21-116 7.414 93 1 354.42 183.41
2-Pentanone 1 56-111 7.021 93 1 313.85 215.01
3-Pentanone 1 56-111 7.025 29 1 310.28 214.19
1-Pentene 1 -55 to 51 6.844 24 1 044.01 233.50
2-Pentene cis 1 - 49 to 58 6.843 08 1 052.44 228.69
trans 1 -49 to 58 6.899 83 1 080.76 232.57
1-Pentyne 1 -44 to 61 6.967 34 1 092.52 227.18
2-Pentyne 1 - 33 to 78 7.046 14 1 189.87 229.60
Perdeuterobenzene 1 10-82 6.892 35 1 198.39 219.43
Perdeuterocyclohexane 1 10-80 6.837 86 1 190.38 222.40
Perfluorobutane 1 -39 to -4 7.035 1 990.27 240.4
Perfluorobutene 1 -28 to 20 9.222 2 401.6 382
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.311
2.311

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(ContiiiLied)

Substance
Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
Perfluorocyclobutane 1 -32 to 0 6.815 29 862.49 225.19
Perfluorocy clohexane 1 19-65 6.04 597 136
Perfluorocyclopentane 1 17-56 7.039 6 1 069.3 234.6
Perfluoroheptane 1 -2 to 106 6.937 72 1 181.14 208.66
Perfluorohexane 1 30-57 6.875 2 1 080.8 213.4
Perfluoromethylcyclohexane 1 33-111 6.824 06 1 133.76 211.22
Perfluorooctane 1 37-105 5.902 5 1 225.93 198.99
Perfluoropentane 1 9-65 7.017 9 1 072.9 230.0
Perfluoropiperidine 1 29-81 6.853 4 1 059.95 217.2
Perfluoropropane 1 - 79 to - 36 6.919 4 825.8 241.2
Perfluoropropene 1 -41 to 20 7.355 1 012.1 257
Phenanthrene 1 176-379 7.260 82 2 379.04 203.76
Phenol 1 107-182 7.133 0 1 516.79 174.95
fl-Phenylethyl acetate 1 149-233 6.834 3 1 555.2 160.8
a-Phenylethyl alcohol 1 82- 190 1.SO8 91 - 263
o-Phenylethylphenol 1 169-250 4.506 0 516.8 -32.1
p-Phenylethylphenol 1 174-251 4.304 1 459.3 - 52.4
Phenylisocyanate 1 10-80 -0.708 0 106.4 - 146.6
4-Phenylphenol 1 177-308 8.657 5 3 022.8 216.1
Phosgene 1 -68 to 68 6.842 97 941.25 230
Phthalic anhydride 2 160-285 8.022 2 868.5
a-Pinene 1 19-156 6.852 5 1 446.4 208.0
fl-Pinene 1 19-166 6.898 4 1 511.7 210.2
Piperidine 1 42- 144 6.855 69 1 238.80 205.43
Propadiene 1 -99 to - 16 5.713 7 458.06 196.07
Propane 1 - 108 to - 25 6.803 38 804.00 247.04
1-Propanethiol 1 -25 to 91 6.928 46 1 183.307 224.62
2-Propanethiol 1 -37 to 75 6.877 34 1 113.895 226.16
1-Propanol 1 2- 120 7.847 67 1 499.21 204.64
2-Propanol 1 0-101 8.117 78 1 580.92 219.61
2-Propen-1-01 1 21-97 11.187 0 4 068.5 392.7
Propionic acid 1 56- 139.5 6.403 950.2 130.3
Propionic anhydride 1 67- 167 5.819 5 810.3 108.7
Propionitrile 1 - 84 to 22 5.278 2 665.52 159.10
Propiophenone 1 132- 20 1 7.370 1 894 205
Propyl acetate 1 39-101 7.016 1.5 1 282.28 208.60
1-Propylamine 1 23-77 6.926 51 1 044.05 210.84
2-Propylamine 1 4-61 6.890 25 985.69 214.07
n-Propylbenzene 1 43-188 6.951 42 1 491.297 207.14
n-Propyl borate 1 85-179 7.399 8 1 741 206
n-Propyl caprate 1 97-186 8.701 22 2 945.99 253.63
n-Propyl caproate 1 43-120 8.667 1 2 556.0 262.9
n-Propyl caprylate 1 70- 153 8.516 7 2 599.5 246.2
n-Propyl cellosolve 1 77- I49 7.146 4 1 440.6 187.7
n-Propylcyclohexane 1 40- 186 6.886 46 1 460.800 207.94
n-Propylcyclopentane 1 21-158 6.903 92 1 384.386 213.16
Propylene 1 -112 to -32 6.778 11 770.85 245.51
1,2-Propyleneoxide 1 -35 to 130 7.064 92 1 113.6 232
n-Propyl formate 1 26-82 6.848 1 127 203
n-Propyl laurate 1 124-205 8.068 9 2 692.4 222.5
n-Propyl myristate 1 147- 200 9.216 8 3 744.68 272.87
n-Propyl nitrate 1 0-70 6.954 9 1 294.4 206.7
n-Propyl palmitate 1 166-204 14.129 2 9 759.2 539.7
(Continued)
(Contimied)
2.312 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
o-(n-Propy1)phenol 1 104-222 9.215 3 254 292
p-(n-Propy1)phenol 1 0-234 8.329 6 2 661 254
n-Propyl phenyl ether 1 101-190 7.734 3 2 146.2 252.3
Propyne 1 -90 to - 6 6.784 85 803.73 229.08
Pseudocumenol 1 107-232 6.915 1 547 152
Pyrene 1 200-395 5.618 4 1 122.0 15.2
Pyridine 1 67-153 7.041 15 1 373.80 214.98
Pyrogallol 1 177-309 6.092 1 031 12
Pyrrole 1 66- 166 7.294 70 1 501.56 210.42
Quinaldine 1 178-248 7.179 00 1 857.84 184.50
Quinoline 1 164-238 6.817 59 1 668.73 186.26
Spiropentane 1 3-71 6.917 00 1 090.08 231.10
Styrene 1 32-82 7.140 16 1 574.51 224.09
Terpenyl acetate 1 37-150 6.443 46 1 377.27 143.85
ru-Terpineo1 1 84-217 8.141 2 2 479.4 253.7
Terpinolene 1 40- 179 7.169 1 706 211
Tetrabutyl tin 1 100-300 6.545 1 649 148
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoro- 1 10-91.5 10.995 4 437.1 455.2
ethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 1 59- 130 6.898 75 1 365.88 209.74
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1 25- 130 6.631 7 1 228.1 179.9
Tetrachloroethylene 1 37-120 6.976 83 1 386.92 217.53
Tetrachloromethane 1 6.879 26 1 212.021 226.41
Tetradecane 1 122-286 7.013 00 I 740.88 167.72
1-Tetradecanethiol 1 7.048 5 1 909.2 151.9
1-Tetradecanol 1 130-264 6.674 1 1 204.5 54.0
1-Tetradecene 1 119-283 7.030 65 1 754.09 171.52
1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobenzene 1 6-50 7.084 6 1 339.23 223.49
1,2,3,5-Tetrafluorobenzene 1 6-50 6.986 17 1 245.20 218.35
Tetrafluoroethylene 1 ~ 131 to -65 6.896 59 683.84 245.93
Tetrafluoromethane 1 6.972 31 540.50 260.10
Tetrahydrofuran 1 23-100 6.995 15 1 202.29 226.25
Tetraiodothiophene 1 -65 to 24 5.585 44 871.25 175.59
Tetralin 1 94-206 7.070 55 1 741.30 208.26
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene 1 80-217 7.059 4 1 690.54 199.48
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene 1 75-228 7.077 9 1 675.43 201.14
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene 1 74-227 7.080 0 1 672.43 201.43
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane 1 0-65 6.876 65 1 329.93 226.36
Tetramethyl lead 1 0-60 6.937 7 1 335.3 219.1
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylpentane 1 57-141 6.830 60 1 398.67 213.84
2,2,3,4-Tetramethylpentane 1 52- 134 6.834 18 1 375.59 214.94
2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane 1 43-123 6.796 20 1 324.59 216.02
Tetramethylsilane 1 -64 to 21 6.822 39 1 033.72 235.62
2-Thiabutane 1 -26 to 90 6.938 49 1 182.562 224.78
Thiacyclobutane 1 -5 to 120 7.016 67 1 321.331 224.51
Thiacyclohexane 1 29-170 6.905 18 1 422.47 211.72
Thiacyclopentane 1 14-148 6.995 40 1 401.939 219.61
Thiacyclopropane 1 - 35 to 77 7.037 25 1 194.37 232.42
3-Thiaheptane 1 33-172 6.941 02 1 421.32 205.81
4-Thiaheptane 1 32- 170 6.935 77 1 413.44 205.73
2-Thiahexane 1 17-150 6.945 83 1 363.808 212.07
3-Thiahexane 1 14- 144 6.933 80 1 341.57 212.51
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.313
2.3 13

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance
Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
2-Thiapentane 1 - 4 to 120 6.955 45 1 284.32 219.66
3-Thiapentane 1 - 13 to 109 6.928 36 1 257.833 218.66
2-Thiapropane 1 - 47 to 58 6.948 79 1 090.755 230.80
Thiazole 1 63-118 7.142 01 1 425.35 216.26
Thiophene 1 - 12 to 108 6.959 26 1 246.02 221.35
Toluene 1 6-137 6.954 64 1 344.800 219.48
o-Toluidine 1 118-200 7.082 03 1 627.72 187.13
m-Toluidine 1 122-203 7.093 67 1 631.43 183.91
p-Toluidine 1 7.260 22 1 758.55 201.0
m-Tolyl pentafluoropropionate 1 98- 174 7.427 20 1 707.59 201.70
p-Tolyl pentafluoropropionate 1 99-176 8.078 6 2 223.8 252.1
m-Tolyl trifluoroacetate 1 91 - 166 7.681 0 1 874.84 223.48
p-Tolyl trifluoroacetate 1 92-169 7.913 8 2 055.41 238.99
Tribromomethane 1 30-101 6.821 8 1 376.7 201.0
1,2,3-Tribromopropane 1 128-205 7.037 2 1 735.32 195.42
Trichloroacetic acid 1 112-198 7.273 0 1 594.3 165.4
Trichloroacetonitrile 1 17-83 7.183 5 1 368.3 232.5
Trichloroacetylchloride 1 32-119 6.990 75 1 390.47 220.1 1
1,1,l-Trichloroethane 1 -6 to 17 8.643 4 2 136.6 302.8
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1 50- 114 6.951 85 1 314.41 209.20
Trichloroethylene 1 18-86 6.518 3 1 018.6 192.7
Trichlorofluoromethane 1 6.884 28 1 043.004 236.88
Trichlorosilane 1 2-32 6.773 9 1 009.0 227.2
bis-Trichlorosilylethane 1 91-160 7.835 11 2 241.769 249.84
1,1,l-TrichIoro-2,2,2-trifluoro- 1 14-36 4.437 3 204.1 83.9
ethane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro- 1 - 25 to 83 6.880 3 1 099.9 227.5
ethane
Tridecane 1 107-267 7.007 56 1 690.67 174.22
1-Tridecene 1 105- 264 6.981 02 1 672.00 174.95
Triethanolamine 1 252-305 10.067 5 4 542.78 297.76
Triethyl aluminum 1 57- 126 11.646 1 4 466.59 322.87
Triethylamine 1 50-95 5.858 8 695.7 144.8
Triethyl borate 1 29- 109 7.511 1 1 641.7 236.3
Triethylsilanol 1 24- 140 7.793 7 1 756.1 202.4
Trifluoroacetic acid 1 12-72 8.389 1 895 27 3
Trifluoroacetic anhydride 1 - 2 to 39 6.135 8 1 026.1 202.0
Trifluoroacetonitrile 1 -132to -68 7.127 6 773.82 249.9
1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene 1 6-50 6.919 8 1 197.13 219.12
Trifluorochloroethylene 1 -67 to -11 6.896 16 848.33 293.64
1, I , 1-Trifluoroethane 1 -110 to -48 6.903 78 788.20 243.23
2,2,2-TrifluoroethanoI 1 - 0.5 to 25 6.788 2 978.13 173.06
Trifluoromethane 1 - 128 to -82 7.088 6 705.33 249.78
bis-(Trifluoromethy1)-acetoxyphos- 1 0-40 7.391 31 1 426.254 220.37
phine
2,2,2-Trifluoro- 1methylbenzene 1 55-139 6.970 45 1 306.35 217.38
bis-(Trifluoromethy1)-chlorophos- 1 -80 to 0 7.661 06 1 386.652 267.14
phine
Trifluoromethylhypofluorite 1 145-189 6.950 6 650.1 - 18.4
bis-(Trifluoromethy1)-iodophos- 1 0-47 6.901 39 1 180.723 222.95
phine
Triisohutylene 1 56- 179 7.002 1 1 613.47 212.5
(Continued)
(Continued)
2.314 SECTION TWO
SECTIONTWO

TABLE 2.36 Vapor Pressures of Various Organic Compounds (Continued)

(Continued)

Substance
Substance Eq.
Eq Range. °C
Range, OC A B C
Trimethyl aluminum 1 64- 127 7.570 29 1 734.72 242.78
Trimethylamine 1 -80 to 3 6.857 55 955.94 237.52
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1 57-205 7.040 82 1 593.958 207.08
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1 52-198 7.043 83 1 573.257 208.56
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 1 49-193 7.074 36 1 569.622 209.58
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 1 - 19 to 106 6.792 30 1 200.563 226.05
Trimethylchlorosilane 1 2-55 7.055 8 1 245.5 240.7
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclohexane 1 55-137 6.839 51 1 394.88 215.73
1,1,2-TrimethyIcyclopentane 1 36-115 6.822 38 1 309.81 218.58
1,1,3-Trirnethylcyclopentane 1 29-106 6.809 31 1 275.92 219.89
1,2,4-TrimethylcycIopentane
cis, cis, trans 1 39-118 6.857 38 1 335.69 219.16
cis, trans, cis 1 33-110 6.851 3 1 307.10 219.92
1,3,5-Trirnethyl-2-ethylbenzene 1 88-210 6.790 8 1 505.8 174.7
1,4,5-Trimethyl-2-ethylbenzene 1 87-132 3.029 3 116.4 - 34.6
2,2,5-Trimethylhexane 1 46- 125 6.837 75 1 325.54 210.91
2,4,4-Trimethylhexane 1 51-131 6.856 54 1 371.81 214.40
Trimethylhydrazine 1 - 16 to 14 7.106 80 1 189.88 222.06
O,N,N-Trimethylhydroxylamine 1 -79 10 23 6.765 8 979.55 222.2
2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 1 6.825 46 1 294.88 218.42
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 1 24- 100 6.811 89 1 257.84 220.74
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1 6.843 53 1 328.05 220.38
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 1 36- 114 6.853 96 1 315.08 217.53
2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentme 1 - 3 to 128 6.834 57 1 273.416 220.62
2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentene 1 2-131 6.859 22 1 272.717 214.99
2,3,5-Trimethylphenol 1 186-247 7.080 12 1 685.90 166.14
Trimethylsilanol 1 18-85 8.126 6 1 657.6 219.2
2,4,5-Trimethylstyrene 1 79-216 7.331 5 1 880.7 205.7
2,4,6-Trimethylstyrene 1 90-208 7.089 1 1 702.61 195.93
1,2,4-Trinitrobenzene 1 250-300 3.194 87 ~ 199
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 1 202-3 12 5.534 5 993.6 11.2
2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene 1 249-342 9.621 1 4 987.9 329.9
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene 1 230-250 7.671 52 2 669.4 205.6
a-Trioxane 1 56-114 7.818 6 1 783.3 247.1
Trivinylarsine 1 22-66 7.894 1 2 115.6 293.9
Trivinyl bismuth 1 20-74 7.237 2 1 667.0 215.1
Trivinylphosphine 1 16-61 7.928 4 2 102.0 301.3
Trivinylstibine 1 20-70 8.322 1 2 446.3 303.8
Undecane 1 75-226 6.972 20 1 569.57 187.70
1-Undecanethiol 1 7.012 2 1 767.4 170.4
1-Undecene 1 72-222 6.966 77 1 563.21 189.87
Urethane 1 7.421 64 1 758.21 205.0
Vinyl acetate 1 22-72 7.210 1 1 296.13 226.66
o-Xylene 1 32-172 6.998 91 1 474.679 213.69
m-Xylene 1 28-166 7.009 08 1 462.266 215.1 I
p-Xylene 1 27-166 6.990 52 1 453.430 215.31
2,3-Xylenol 1 149-218 7.053 97 1 617.57 170.74
2,4-Xylenol 1 144-21 2 7.055 39 1 587.46 169.34
2,5-Xylenol 1 144-212 7.051 56 1 592.70 170.74
2,6-Xylenol 1 145-204 7.070 70 1 628.32 187.60
3,4-Xylenol 1 172-229 7.079 19 1 621.45 159.26
3,5-Xylenol 1 155- 223 7.130 76 1 639.86 164.16
 TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
Acenaphthalene C12H10 114.8 131.2 148.7 168.2 181.2 197.5 222.1 250.0 277.5 95
Acetal C6H14O2 −23.0 −2.3 +8.0 19.6 31.9 39.8 50.1 66.3 84.0 102.2
Acetaldehyde C2H4O −81.5 −65.1 −56.8 −47.8 −37.8 −31.4 −22.6 −10.0 +4.9 20.2 −123.5
Acetamide C2H5NO 65.0 92.0 105.0 120.0 135.8 145.8 158.0 178.3 200.0 222.0 81
Acetanilide C8H9NO 114.0 146.6 162.0 180.0 199.6 211.8 227.2 250.5 227.0 303.8 113.5
Acetic acid C2H4O2 −17.2 +6.3 17.5 29.9 43.0 51.7 63.0 80.0 99.0 118.1 16.7
anhydride C4H6O3 1.7 24.8 36.0 48.3 62.1 70.8 82.2 100.0 119.8 139.6 −73
Acetone C3H6O −59.4 −40.5 −31.1 −20.8 −9.4 −2.0 +7.7 22.7 39.5 56.5 −94.6
Acetonitrile C2H3N −47.0 −26.6 −16.3 −5.0 +7.7 15.9 27.0 43.7 62.5 81.8 −41
Acetophenone C8H8O 37.1 64.0 78.0 92.4 109.4 119.8 133.6 154.2 178.0 202.4 20.5
Acetyl chloride C2H3OCl −50.0 −35.0 −27.6 −19.6 −10.4 −4.5 +3.2 16.1 32.0 50.8 −112.0
Acetylene C2H2 −142.9 −133.0 −128.2 −122.8 −116.7 −112.8 −107.9 −100.3 −92.0 −84.0 −81.5
Acridine C13H9N 129.4 165.8 184.0 203.5 224.2 238.7 256.0 284.0 314.3 346.0 110.5
Acrolein (2-propenal) C3H4O −64.5 −46.0 −36.7 −26.3 −15.0 −7.5 +2.5 17.5 34.5 52.5 −87.7
Acrylic acid C3H4O2 +3.5 27.3 39.0 52.0 66.2 75.0 86.1 103.3 122.0 141.0 14
Adipic acid C6H10O4 159.5 191.0 205.5 222.0 240.5 251.0 265.0 287.8 312.5 337.5 152
Allene (propadiene) C3H4 −120.6 −108.0 −101.0 −93.4 −85.2 −78.8 −72.5 −61.3 −48.5 −35.0 −136
Allyl alcohol (propen-1-ol-3) C3H6O −20.0 +0.2 10.5 21.7 33.4 40.3 50.0 64.5 80.2 96.6 −129
chloride (3-chloropropene) C3H5Cl −70.0 −52.0 −42.9 −32.8 −21.2 −14.1 −4.5 10.4 27.5 44.6 −136.4
isopropyl ether C6H12O −43.7 −23.1 −12.9 −1.8 +10.9 18.7 29.0 44.3 61.7 79.5
isothiocyanate C4H5NS −2.0 +25.3 38.3 52.1 67.4 76.2 89.5 108.0 129.8 150.7 −80
n-propyl ether C6H12O −39.0 −18.2 −7.9 +3.7 16.4 25.0 35.8 52.6 71.4 90.5
4-Allylveratrole C11H14O2 85.0 113.9 127.0 142.8 158.3 169.6 183.7 204.0 226.2 248.0
iso-Amyl acetate C7H14O2 0.0 +23.7 35.2 47.8 62.1 71.0 83.2 101.3 121.5 142.0
n-Amyl alcohol C5H12O +13.6 34.7 44.9 55.8 68.0 75.5 85.8 102.0 119.8 137.8
iso-Amyl alcohol C5H12O +10.0 30.9 40.8 51.7 63.4 71.0 80.7 95.8 113.7 130.6 −117.2
sec-Amyl alcohol (2-pentanol) C5H12O +1.5 22.1 32.2 42.6 54.1 61.5 70.7 85.7 102.3 119.7
tert-Amyl alcohol C5H12O −12.9 +7.2 17.2 27.9 38.8 46.0 55.3 69.7 85.7 101.7 −11.9
sec-Amylbenzene C11H16 29.0 55.8 69.2 83.8 100.0 110.4 124.1 145.2 168.0 193.0
iso-Amyl benzoate C12H16O2 72.0 104.5 121.6 139.7 158.3 171.4 186.8 210.2 235.8 262.0
bromide (1-bromo-3-methylbutane) C5H11Br −20.4 +2.1 13.6 26.1 39.8 48.7 60.4 78.7 99.4 120.4
(Continued)
2.315
2.316

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
n-butyrate C9H18O2 21.2 47.1 59.9 74.0 90.0 99.8 113.1 133.2 155.3 178.6
formate C6H12O2 −17.5 +5.4 17.1 30.0 44.0 53.3 65.4 83.2 102.7 123.3
iodide (1-iodo-3-methylbutane) C5H11I −2.5 +21.9 34.1 47.6 62.3 71.9 84.4 103.8 125.8 148.2
isobutyrate C9H18O2 14.8 40.1 52.8 66.6 81.8 91.7 104.4 124.2 146.0 168.8
Amyl isopropionate C8H16O2 +8.5 33.7 46.3 60.0 75.5 85.2 97.6 117.3 138.4 160.2
iso-Amyl isovalerate C10H20O2 27.0 54.4 68.6 83.8 100.6 110.3 125.1 146.1 169.5 194.0
n-Amyl levulinate C10H18O3 81.3 110.0 124.0 139.7 155.8 165.2 180.5 203.1 227.4 253.2
iso-Amyl levulinate C10H18O3 75.6 104.0 118.8 134.4 151.7 162.6 177.0 198.1 222.7 247.9
nitrate C5H11NO3 +5.2 28.8 40.3 53.5 67.6 76.3 88.6 106.7 126.5 147.5
4-tert-Amylphenol C11H16O 109.8 125.5 142.3 160.3 172.6 189.0 213.0 239.5 266.0 93
Anethole C10H12O 62.6 91.6 106.0 121.8 139.3 149.8 164.2 186.1 210.5 235.3 22.5
Angelonitrile C5H7N −8.0 +15.0 28.0 41.0 55.8 65.2 77.5 96.3 117.7 140.0
Aniline C6H7N 34.8 57.9 69.4 82.0 96.7 106.0 119.9 140.1 161.9 184.4 −6.2
2-Anilinoethanol C8H11NO 104.0 134.3 149.6 165.7 183.7 194.0 209.5 230.6 254.5 279.6
Anisaldehyde C8H8O2 73.2 102.6 117.8 133.5 150.5 161.7 176.7 199.0 223.0 248.0 2.5
o-Anisidine (2-methoxyaniline) C7H9NO 61.0 88.0 101.7 116.1 132.0 142.1 155.2 175.3 197.3 218.5 5.2
Anthracene C14H10 145.0 173.5 187.2 201.9 217.5 231.8 250.0 279.0 310.2 342.0 217.5
Anthraquinone C14H8O2 190.0 219.4 234.2 248.3 264.3 273.3 285.0 314.6 346.2 379.9 286
Azelaic acid C9H16O4 178.3 210.4 225.5 242.4 260.0 271.8 286.5 309.6 332.8 356.5 106.5
Azelaldehyde C9H18O 33.3 58.4 71.6 85.0 100.2 110.0 123.0 142.1 163.4 185.0
Azobenzene C12H10N2 103.5 135.7 151.5 168.3 187.9 199.8 216.0 240.0 266.1 293.0 68
Benzal chloride (a,a-Dichlorotoluene) C7H6Cl2 35.5 64.0 78.7 94.3 112.1 123.4 138.3 160.7 187.0 214.0 −16.1
Benzaldehyde C7H6O 26.2 50.1 62.0 75.0 90.1 99.6 112.5 131.7 154.1 179.0 −26
Benzanthrone C17H10O 225.0 274.5 297.2 322.5 350.0 368.8 390.0 426.5 174
Benzene C6H6 −36.7 −19.6 −11.5 −2.6 +7.6 15.4 26.1 42.2 60.6 80.1 +5.5
Benzenesulfonylchloride C6H5ClO2S 65.9 96.5 112.0 129.0 147.7 158.2 174.5 198.0 224.0 251.5 14.5
Benzil C14H10O2 128.4 165.2 183.0 202.8 224.5 238.2 255.8 283.5 314.3 347.0 95
Benzoic acid C7H6O2 96.0 119.5 132.1 146.7 162.6 172.8 186.2 205.8 227.0 249.2 121.7
anhydride C14H10O3 143.8 180.0 198.0 218.0 239.8 252.7 270.4 299.1 328.8 360.0 42
Benzoin C14H12O2 135.6 170.2 188.1 207.0 227.9 241.7 258.0 284.4 313.5 343.0 132
Benzonitrile C7H5N 28.2 55.3 69.2 83.4 99.6 109.8 123.5 144.1 166.7 190.6 −12.9
 Benzophenone C13H10O 108.2 141.7 157.6 175.8 195.7 208.2 224.4 249.8 276.8 305.4 48.5
Benzotrichloride (a,a,a-Trichlorotoluene) C7H5Cl3 45.8 73.7 87.6 102.7 119.8 130.0 144.3 165.6 189.2 213.5 −21.2
Benzotrifluoride (a,a,a-Trifluorotoluene) C7H5F3 −32.0 −10.3 −0.4 12.2 25.7 34.0 45.3 62.5 82.0 102.2 −29.3
Benzoyl bromide C7H5BrO 47.0 75.4 89.8 105.4 122.6 133.4 147.7 169.2 193.7 218.5 0
chloride C7H5ClO 32.1 59.1 73.0 87.6 103.8 114.7 128.0 149.5 172.8 197.2 −0.5
nitrile C8H5NO 44.5 71.7 85.5 100.2 116.6 127.0 141.0 161.3 185.0 208.0 33.5
Benzyl acetate C9H10O2 45.0 73.4 87.6 102.3 119.6 129.8 144.0 165.5 189.0 213.5 −51.5
alcohol C7H8O 58.0 80.8 92.6 105.8 119.8 129.3 141.7 160.0 183.0 204.7 −15.3
Benzylamine C7H9N 29.0 54.8 67.7 81.8 97.3 107.3 120.0 140.0 161.3 184.5
Benzyl bromide (a-bromotoluene) C7H7Br 32.2 59.6 73.4 88.3 104.8 115.6 129.8 150.8 175.2 198.5 −4
chloride (a-chlorotoluene) C7H7Cl 22.0 47.8 60.8 75.0 90.7 100.5 114.2 134.0 155.8 179.4 −39
cinnamate C16H14O2 173.8 206.3 221.5 239.3 255.8 267.0 281.5 303.8 326.7 350.0 39
Benzyldichlorosilane C7H8Cl2Si 45.3 70.2 83.2 96.7 111.8 121.3 133.5 152.0 173.0 194.3
Benzyl ethyl ether C9H12O 26.0 52.0 65.0 79.6 95.4 105.5 118.9 139.6 161.5 185.0
phenyl ether C13H12O 95.4 127.7 144.0 160.7 180.1 192.6 209.2 233.2 259.8 287.0
isothiocyanate C8H7NS 79.5 107.8 121.8 137.0 153.0 163.8 177.7 198.0 220.4 243.0
Biphenyl C12H10 70.6 101.8 117.0 134.2 152.5 165.2 180.7 204.2 229.4 254.9 69.5
1-Biphenyloxy-2,3-epoxypropane C15H14O2 135.5 169.9 187.2 205.8 226.3 239.7 255.0 280.4 309.8 340.0
d-Bornyl acetate C12H20O2 46.9 75.7 90.2 106.0 123.7 135.7 149.8 172.0 197.5 223.0 29
Bornyl n-butyrate C14H24O2 74.0 103.4 118.0 133.8 150.7 161.8 176.4 198.0 222.2 247.0
formate C11H18O2 47.0 74.8 89.3 104.0 121.2 131.7 145.8 166.4 190.2 214.0
isobutyrate C14H24O2 70.0 99.8 114.0 130.0 147.2 157.6 172.2 194.2 218.2 243.0
propionate C13H22O2 64.6 93.7 108.0 123.7 140.4 151.2 165.7 187.5 211.2 235.0
Brassidic acid C22H42O2 209.6 241.7 256.0 272.9 290.0 301.5 316.2 336.8 359.6 382.5 61.5
Bromoacetic acid C2H3BrO2 54.7 81.6 94.1 108.2 124.0 133.8 146.3 165.8 186.7 208.0 49.5
4-Bromoanisole C7H7BrO 48.8 77.8 91.9 107.8 125.0 136.0 150.1 172.7 197.5 223.0 12.5
Bromobenzene C6H5Br +2.9 27.8 40.0 53.8 68.6 78.1 90.8 110.1 132.3 156.2 −30.7
4-Bromobiphenyl C12H9Br 98.0 133.7 150.6 169.8 190.8 204.5 221.8 248.2 277.7 310.0 90.5
1-Bromo-2-butanol C4H9BrO 23.7 45.4 55.8 67.2 79.5 87.0 97.6 112.1 128.3 145.0
1-Bromo-2-butanone C4H7BrO +6.2 30.0 41.8 54.2 68.2 77.3 89.2 107.0 126.3 147.0
cis-1-Bromo-1-butene C4H7Br −44.0 −23.2 −12.8 −1.4 +11.5 19.8 30.8 47.8 66.8 86.2
trans-1-Bromo-butene C4H7Br −38.4 −17.0 −6.4 +5.4 18.4 27.2 38.1 55.7 75.0 94.7 −100.3
2-Bromo-1-butene C4H7Br −47.3 −27.0 −16.8 −5.3 +7.2 15.4 26.3 42.8 61.9 81.0 −133.4
cis-2-Bromo-2-butene C4H7Br −39.0 −17.9 −7.2 +4.6 17.7 26.2 37.5 54.5 74.0 93.9 −111.2
trans-2-Bromo-2-butene C4H7Br −45.0 −24.1 −13.8 −2.4 +10.5 18.7 29.9 46.5 66.0 85.5 −114.6
1,4-Bromochlorobenzene C6H4BrCl 32.0 59.5 72.7 87.8 103.8 114.8 128.0 149.5 172.6 196.9
1-Bromo-1-chloroethane C2H4BrCl −36.0 −18.0 −9.4 0.0 +10.4 17.0 28.0 44.7 63.4 82.7 16.6
(Continued)
2.317
2.318

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
1-Bromo-2-chloroethane C2H4BrCl −28.8 −7.0 +4.1 16.0 29.7 38.0 49.5 66.8 86.0 106.7 −16.6
2-Bromo-4,6-dichlorophenol C6H3BrCl2O 84.0 115.6 130.8 147.7 165.8 177.6 193.2 216.5 242.0 268.0 68
1-Bromo-4-ethyl benzene C8H9Br 30.4 42.5 74.0 90.2 108.5 121.0 135.5 156.5 182.0 206.0 −45.0
(2-Bromoethyl)-benzene C8H9Br 48.0 76.2 90.5 105.8 123.2 133.8 148.2 169.8 194.0 219.0
2-Bromoethyl 2-chloroethyl ether C4H8BrClO 36.5 63.2 76.3 90.8 106.6 116.4 129.8 150.0 172.3 195.8
(2-Bromoethyl)-cyclohexane C8H15Br 38.7 66.6 80.5 95.8 113.0 123.7 138.0 160.0 186.2 213.0
1-Bromoethylene C2H3Br −95.4 −77.8 −68.8 −58.8 −48.1 −41.2 −31.9 −17.2 −1.1 +15.8 −138
Bromoform (tribromomethane) CHBr3 22.0 34.0 48.0 63.6 73.4 85.9 106.1 127.9 150.5 8.5
1-Bromonaphthalene C10H7Br 84.2 117.5 133.6 150.2 170.2 183.5 198.8 224.2 252.0 281.1 5.5
2-Bromo-4-phenylphenol C12H9BrO 100.0 135.4 152.3 171.8 193.8 207.0 224.5 251.0 280.2 311.0 95
3-Bromopyridine C5H4BrN 16.8 42.0 55.2 69.1 84.1 94.1 107.8 127.7 150.0 173.4
2-Bromotoluene C7H7Br 24.4 49.7 62.3 76.0 91.0 100.0 112.0 133.6 157.3 181.8 −28
3-Bromotuluene C7H7Br 14.8 50.8 64.0 78.1 93.9 104.1 117.8 138.0 160.0 183.7 39.8
4-Bromotoluene C7H7Br 10.3 47.5 61.1 75.2 91.8 102.3 116.4 137.4 160.2 184.5 28.5
3-Bromo-2,4,6-trichlorophenol C6H2BrCl3O 112.4 146.2 163.2 181.8 200.5 213.0 229.3 253.0 278.0 305.8
2-Bromo-1,4-xylene C8H9Br 37.5 65.0 78.8 94.0 110.6 121.6 135.7 156.4 181.0 206.7 +9.5
1,2-Butadiene (methyl allene) C4H6 −89.5 −72.7 −64.2 −54.9 −44.3 −37.5 −28.3 −14.2 +1.8 18.5
1,3-Butadiene C4H6 −102.8 −87.6 −79.7 −71.0 −61.3 −55.1 −46.8 −33.9 −19.3 −4.5 −108.9
n-Butane C4H10 −101.5 −85.7 −77.8 −68.9 −59.1 −52.8 −44.2 −31.2 −16.3 −0.5 −135
iso-Butane (2-methylpropane) C4H10 −109.2 −94.1 −86.4 −77.9 −68.4 −62.4 −54.1 −41.5 −27.1 −11.7 −145
1,3-Butanediol C4H10O2 22.2 67.5 85.3 100.0 117.4 127.5 141.2 161.0 183.8 206.5 77
1,2,3-Butanetriol C4H10O3 102.0 132.0 146.0 161.0 178.0 188.0 202.5 222.0 243.5 264.0
1-Butene C4H8 −104.8 −89.4 −81.6 −73.0 −63.4 −57.2 −48.9 −36.2 −21.7 −6.3 −130
cis-2-Butene C4H8 −96.4 −81.1 −73.4 −64.6 −54.7 −48.4 −39.8 −26.8 −12.0 +3.7 −138.9
trans-2-Butene C4H8 −99.4 −84.0 −76.3 −67.5 −57.6 −51.3 −42.7 −29.7 −14.8 +0.9 −105.4
3-Butenenitrile C4H5N −19.6 +2.9 14.1 26.6 40.0 48.8 60.2 78.0 98.0 119.0
iso-Butyl acetate C6H12O2 −21.2 +1.4 12.8 25.5 39.2 48.0 59.7 77.6 97.5 118.0 −98.9
n-Butyl acrylate C7H12O2 −0.5 +23.5 35.5 48.6 63.4 72.6 85.1 104.0 125.2 147.2 −64.6
alcohol C4H10O −1.2 +20.0 30.2 41.5 53.4 60.3 70.1 84.3 100.8 117.5 −79.9
iso-Butyl alcohol C4H10O −9.0 +11.6 21.7 32.4 44.1 51.7 61.5 75.9 91.4 108.0 −108
sec-Butyl alcohol C4H10O −12.2 +7.2 16.9 27.3 38.1 45.2 54.1 67.9 83.9 99.5 −114.7
 tert-Butyl alcohol C4H10O −20.4 −3.0 +5.5 14.3 24.5 31.0 39.8 52.7 68.0 82.9 25.3
iso-Butyl amine C4H11N −50.0 −31.0 −21.0 −10.3 +1.3 8.8 18.8 32.0 50.7 68.6 −85.0
n-Butylbenzene C10H14 22.7 48.8 62.0 76.3 92.4 102.6 116.2 136.9 159.2 183.1 −88.0
iso-Butylbenzene C10H14 14.1 40.5 53.7 67.8 83.3 93.3 107.0 127.2 149.6 172.8 −51.5
sec-Butylbenzene C10H14 18.6 44.2 57.0 70.6 86.2 96.0 109.5 128.8 150.3 173.5 −75.5
tert-Butylbenzene C10H14 13.0 39.0 51.7 65.6 80.8 90.6 103.8 123.7 145.8 168.5 −58
iso-Butyl benzoate C11H14O2 64.0 93.6 108.6 124.2 141.8 152.0 166.4 188.2 212.8 237.0
n-Butyl bromide (1-bromobutane) C4H9Br −33.0 −11.2 −0.3 +11.6 24.8 33.4 44.7 62.0 81.7 101.6 −112.4
iso-Butyl n-butyrate C8H16O2 +4.6 30.0 42.2 56.1 71.7 81.3 94.0 113.9 135.7 156.9
carbamate C5H11NO2 83.7 96.4 110.1 125.3 134.6 147.2 165.7 186.0 206.5 65
Butyl carbitol (diethylene glycol C8H18O3 70.0 95.7 107.8 120.5 135.5 146.0 159.8 181.2 205.0 231.2
butyl ether)
n-Butyl chloride (1-chlorobutane) C4H9Cl −49.0 −28.9 −18.6 −7.4 +5.0 13.0 24.0 40.0 58.8 77.8 −123.1
iso-Butyl chloride C4H9Cl −53.8 −34.3 −24.5 −13.8 −1.9 +5.9 16.0 32.0 50.0 68.9 −131.2
sec-Butyl chloride (2-Chlorobutane) C4H9Cl −60.2 −39.8 −29.2 −17.7 −5.0 +3.4 14.2 31.5 50.0 68.0 −131.3
tert-Butyl chloride C4H9Cl −19.0 −11.4 −1.0 +14.6 32.6 51.0 −26.5
sec-Butyl chloroacetate C6H11ClO2 17.0 41.8 54.6 68.2 83.6 93.0 105.5 124.1 146.0 167.8
2-tert-Butyl-4-cresol C11H16O 70.0 98.0 112.0 127.2 143.9 153.7 167.0 187.8 210.0 232.6
4-tert-Butyl-2-cresol C11H16O 74.3 103.7 118.0 134.0 150.8 161.7 176.2 197.8 221.8 247.0
iso-Butyl dichloroacetate C6H10Cl2O2 28.6 54.3 67.5 81.4 96.7 106.6 119.8 139.2 160.0 183.0
2,3-Butylene glycol (2,3-butanediol) C4H10O2 44.0 68.4 80.3 93.4 107.8 116.3 127.8 145.6 164.0 182.0 22.5
2-Butyl-2-ethylbutane-1,3-diol C10H12O2 94.1 122.6 136.8 151.2 167.8 178.0 191.9 212.0 233.5 255.0
2-tert-Butyl-4-ethylphenol C12H15O 76.3 106.2 121.0 137.0 154.0 165.4 179.0 200.3 223.8 247.8
n-Butyl formate C5H10O2 −26.4 −4.7 +6.1 18.0 31.6 39.8 51.0 67.9 86.2 106.0
iso-Butyl formate C5H10O2 −32.7 −11.4 −0.8 +11.0 24.1 32.4 43.4 60.0 79.0 98.2 −95.3
sec-Butyl formate C5H10O2 −34.4 −13.3 −3.1 +8.4 21.3 29.6 40.2 56.8 75.2 93.6
sec-Butyl glycolate C6H12O3 28.3 53.6 66.0 79.8 94.2 104.0 116.4 135.5 155.6 177.5
iso-Butyl iodide (1-iodo-2- C4H9I −17.0 +5.0 17.0 29.8 42.8 51.8 63.5 81.0 100.3 120.4 −90.7
methylpropane)
isobutyrate C8H16O2 +4.1 28.0 39.9 52.4 67.2 75.9 88.0 106.3 126.3 147.5 −80.7
isovalerate C9H18O2 16.0 41.2 53.8 67.7 82.7 92.4 105.2 124.8 146.4 168.7
levulinate C9H16O3 65.0 92.1 105.9 120.2 136.2 147.0 160.2 181.8 205.5 229.9
naphthylketone (1-isovaleronaphthone) C15H16O 136.0 167.9 184.0 201.6 219.7 231.5 246.7 269.7 294.0 320.0
2-sec-Butylphenol C10H14O 57.4 86.0 100.8 116.1 133.4 143.9 157.3 179.7 203.8 228.0
2-tert-Butylphenol C10H14O 56.6 84.2 98.1 113.0 129.2 140.0 153.5 173.8 196.3 219.5
4-iso-Butylphenol C10H14O 72.1 100.9 115.5 130.3 147.2 157.0 171.2 192.1 214.7 237.0
4-sec-Butylphenol C10H14O 71.4 100.5 114.8 130.3 147.8 157.9 172.4 194.3 217.6 242.1
(Continued)
2.319
2.320

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
4-tert-Butylphenol C10H14O 70.0 99.2 114.0 129.5 146.0 156.0 170.2 191.5 214.0 238.0 99
2-(4-tert-Butylphenoxy)ethyl acetate C14H20O3 118.0 150.0 165.8 183.3 201.5 212.8 228.0 250.3 277.6 304.4
4-tert-Butylphenyl dichlorophosphate C10H13Cl2 96.0 129.6 146.0 164.0 184.3 197.2 214.3 240.0 268.2 299.0
O2P
tert-Butyl phenyl ketone (pivalophenone) C11H14O 57.8 85.7 99.0 114.3 130.4 140.8 154.0 175.0 197.7 220.0
iso-Butyl propionate C7H14O2 −2.3 +20.9 32.3 44.8 58.5 67.6 79.5 97.0 116.4 136.8 −71
4-tert-Butyl-2,5-xylenol C12H18O 88.2 119.8 135.0 151.0 169.8 180.3 195.0 217.5 241.3 265.3
4-tert-Butyl-2,6-xylenol C12H18O 74.0 103.9 119.0 135.0 152.2 163.6 176.0 196.0 217.8 239.8
6-tert-Butyl-2,4-xylenol C12H18O 70.3 100.2 115.0 131.0 148.5 158.2 172.0 192.3 214.2 236.5
6-tert-Butyl-3,4-xylenol C12H18O 83.9 113.6 127.0 143.0 159.7 170.0 184.0 204.5 226.7 249.5
Butyric acid C4H8O2 25.5 49.8 61.5 74.0 88.0 96.5 108.0 125.5 144.5 163.5 −74
iso-Butyric acid C4H8O2 14.7 39.3 51.2 64.0 77.8 86.3 98.0 115.8 134.5 154.5 −47
Butyronitrile C4H7N −20.0 +2.1 13.4 25.7 38.4 47.3 59.0 76.7 96.8 117.5
iso-Valerophenone C11H14O 58.3 87.0 101.4 116.8 133.8 144.6 158.0 180.1 204.2 228.0
Camphene C10H16 47.2 60.4 75.7 85.0 97.9 117.5 138.7 160.5 50
Campholenic acid C10H16O2 97.6 125.7 139.8 153.9 170.0 180.0 193.7 212.7 234.0 256.0
d-Camphor C10H16O 41.5 68.6 82.3 97.5 114.0 124.0 138.0 157.9 182.0 209.2 178.5
Camphylamine C10H19N 45.3 74.0 83.7 97.6 112.5 122.0 134.6 153.0 173.8 195.0
Capraldehyde C10H20O 51.9 78.8 92.0 106.3 122.2 132.0 145.3 164.8 186.3 208.5
Capric acid C10H20O2 125.0 142.0 152.2 165.0 179.9 189.8 200.0 217.1 240.3 268.4 31.5
n-Caproic acid C6H12O2 71.4 89.5 99.5 111.8 125.0 133.3 144.0 160.8 181.0 202.0 −1.5
iso-Caproic acid C6H12O2 66.2 83.0 94.0 107.0 120.4 129.6 141.4 158.3 181.0 207.7 −35
iso-Caprolactone C6H10O2 38.3 66.4 80.3 95.7 112.3 123.2 137.2 157.8 182.1 207.0
Capronitrile C6H11N 9.2 34.6 47.5 61.7 76.9 86.8 99.8 119.7 141.0 163.7
Capryl alcohol (2-octanol) C8H18O 32.8 57.6 70.0 83.3 98.0 107.4 119.8 138.0 157.5 178.5 −38.6
Caprylaldehyde C8H16O 73.4 92.0 101.2 110.2 120.0 126.0 133.9 145.4 156.5 168.5
Caprylic acid (octanoic acid) C8H16O2 92.3 114.1 124.0 136.4 150.6 160.0 172.2 190.3 213.9 237.5 16
Caprylonitrile C8H15N 43.0 67.6 80.4 94.6 110.6 121.2 134.8 155.2 179.5 204.5
Carbazole C12H9N 248.2 265.0 292.5 323.0 354.8 244.8
Carbon dioxide CO2 −134.3 −124.4 −119.5 −114.4 −108.6 −104.8 −100.2 −93.0 −85.7 −78.2 −57.5
disulfide CS2 −73.8 −54.3 −44.7 −34.3 −22.5 −15.3 −5.1 +10.4 28.0 46.5 −110.8
monoxide CO −222.0 −217.2 −215.0 −212.8 −210.0 −208.1 −205.7 −201.3 −196.3 −191.3 −205.0
 oxyselenide (carbonyl selenide) COSe −117.1 −102.3 −95.0 −86.3 −76.4 −70.2 −61.7 −49.8 −35.6 −21.9
oxysulfide (carbonyl sulfide) COS −132.4 −119.8 −113.3 −106.0 −98.3 −93.0 −85.9 −75.0 −62.7 −49.9 −138.8
tetrabromide CBr4 96.3 106.3 119.7 139.7 163.5 189.5 90.1
tetrachloride CCl4 −50.0 −30.0 −19.6 −8.2 +4.3 12.3 23.0 38.3 57.8 76.7 −22.6
tetrafluoride CF4 −184.6 −174.1 −169.3 −164.3 −158.8 −155.4 −150.7 −143.6 −135.5 −127.7 −183.7
Carvacrol C10H14O 70.0 98.4 113.2 127.9 145.2 155.3 169.7 191.2 213.8 237.0 +0.5
Carvone C10H14O 57.4 86.1 100.4 116.1 133.0 143.8 157.3 179.6 203.5 227.5
Chavibetol C10H12O2 83.6 113.3 127.0 143.2 159.8 170.7 185.5 206.8 229.8 254.0
Chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde) C2HCl3O −37.8 −16.0 −5.0 +7.2 20.2 29.1 40.2 57.8 77.5 97.7 −57
hydrate (trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate) C2H3Cl3O2 −9.8 +10.0 19.5 29.2 39.7 46.2 55.0 68.0 82.1 96.2 51.7
Chloranil C6Cl4O2 70.7 89.3 97.8 106.4 116.1 122.0 129.5 140.3 151.3 162.6 290
Chloroacetic acid C2H3ClO2 43.0 68.3 81.0 94.2 109.2 118.3 130.7 149.0 169.0 189.5 61.2
anhydride C4H4Cl2O3 67.2 94.1 108.0 122.4 138.2 148.0 159.8 177.8 197.0 217.0 46
2-Chloroaniline C6H6ClN 46.3 72.3 84.8 99.2 115.6 125.7 139.5 160.0 183.7 208.8 0
3-Chloroaniline C6H6ClN 63.5 89.8 102.0 116.7 133.6 144.1 158.0 179.5 203.5 228.5 −10.4
4-Chloroaniline C6H5Cl 59.3 87.9 102.1 117.8 135.0 145.8 159.9 182.3 206.6 230.5 70.5
Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl −13.0 +10.6 22.2 35.3 49.7 58.3 70.7 89.4 10.0 132.2 −45.2
2-Chlorobenzotrichloride
(2-a,a,a-tetrachlorotoluene) C7H4Cl4 69.0 101.8 117.9 135.8 155.0 167.8 185.0 208.0 233.0 262.1 28.7
2-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
(2-chloro-a,a,a-trifluorotoluene) C7H4ClF3 0.0 24.7 37.1 50.6 65.9 75.4 88.3 108.3 130.0 152.2 −6.0
2-Chlorobiphenyl C12H9Cl 89.3 109.8 134.7 151.2 169.9 182.1 197.0 219.6 243.8 267.5 34
4-Chlorobiphenyl C12H9Cl 96.4 129.8 146.0 164.0 183.8 196.0 212.5 237.8 264.5 292.9 75.5
a-Chlorocrotonic acid C4H5ClO2 70.0 95.6 108.0 121.2 135.6 144.4 155.9 173.8 193.2 212.0
Chlorodifluoromethane CHClF2 −122.8 −110.2 −103.7 −96.5 −88.6 −83.4 −76.4 −65.8 −53.6 −40.8 −160
Chlorodimethylphenylsilane C8H11ClSi 29.8 56.7 70.0 84.7 101.2 111.5 124.7 145.5 168.6 193.5
1-Chloro-2-ethoxybenzene C8H9ClO 45.8 72.8 86.5 101.5 117.8 127.8 141.8 162.0 185.0 208.0
2-(2-Chloroethoxy) ethanol C4H9ClO2 53.0 78.3 90.7 104.1 118.4 127.5 139.5 157.2 176.5 196.0
bis-2-Chloroethyl acetacetal C6H12Cl2O2 56.2 83.7 97.6 112.2 127.8 138.0 150.7 169.8 190.5 212.6
1-Chloro-2-ethylbenzene C8H9Cl 17.2 43.0 56.1 70.3 86.2 96.4 110.0 130.2 152.2 177.6 −80.2
1-Chloro-3-ethylbenzene C8H9Cl 18.6 45.2 58.1 73.0 89.2 99.6 113.6 133.8 156.7 181.1 −53.3
1-Chloro-4-ethylbenzene C8H9Cl 19.2 46.4 60.0 75.5 91.8 102.0 116.0 137.0 159.8 184.3 −62.6
2-Chloroethyl chloroacetate C4H6Cl2O2 46.0 72.1 86.0 100.0 116.0 126.2 140.0 159.8 182.2 205
2-Chloroethyl 2-chloroisopropyl ether C5H10Cl2O 24.7 50.1 63.0 77.2 92.4 102.2 115.8 135.7 156.5 180.0
2-Chloroethyl 2-chloropropyl ether C5H10Cl2O 29.8 56.5 70.0 84.8 101.5 111.8 125.6 146.3 169.8 194.1
2-Chloroethyl a-methylbenzyl ether C10H13ClO 62.3 91.4 106.0 121.8 139.6 150.0 164.8 186.3 210.8 235.0
Chloroform (trichloromethane) CHCl3 −58.0 −39.1 −29.7 −19.0 −7.1 +0.5 10.4 25.9 42.7 61.3 −63.5
(Continued)
2.321
2.322

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
1-Chloronaphthalene C10H7Cl 80.6 104.8 118.6 134.4 153.2 165.6 180.4 204.2 230.8 259.3 −20
4-Chlorophenethyl alcohol C8H9ClO 84.0 114.3 129.0 145.0 162.0 173.5 188.1 210.0 234.5 259.3
2-Chlorophenol C6H5ClO 12.1 38.2 51.2 65.9 82.0 92.0 106.0 126.4 149.8 174.5 7
3-Chlorophenol C6H5ClO 44.2 72.0 86.1 101.7 118.0 129.4 143.0 164.8 188.7 214.0 32.5
4-Chlorophenol C6H5ClO 49.8 78.2 92.2 108.1 125.0 136.1 150.0 172.0 196.0 220.0 42
2-Chloro-3-phenylphenol C12H9ClO 118.0 152.2 169.7 186.7 207.4 219.6 237.0 261.3 289.4 317.5 +6
2-Chloro-6-phenylphenol C12H9ClO 119.8 153.7 170.7 189.8 208.2 220.0 237.1 261.6 289.5 317.0
Chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) CCl3NO2 −25.5 −3.3 +7.8 20.0 33.8 42.3 53.8 71.8 91.8 111.9 −64
1-Chloropropene C3H5Cl −81.3 −63.4 −54.1 −44.0 −32.7 −25.1 −15.1 +1.3 18.0 37.0 −99.0
2-Chloropyridine C5H4ClN 13.3 38.8 51.7 65.8 81.7 91.6 104.6 125.0 147.7 170.2
3-Chlorostyrene C8H7Cl 25.3 51.3 65.2 80.0 96.5 107.2 121.2 142.2 165.7 190.0
4-Chlorostyrene C8H7Cl 28.0 54.5 67.5 82.0 98.0 108.5 122.0 143.5 166.0 191.0 −15.0
1-Chlorotetradecane C14H29Cl 98.5 131.8 148.2 166.2 187.0 199.8 215.5 240.3 267.5 296.0 +0.9
2-Chlorotoluene C7H7Cl +5.4 30.6 43.2 56.9 72.0 81.8 94.7 115.0 137.1 159.3
3-Chlorotoluene C7H7Cl +4.8 30.3 43.2 57.4 73.0 83.2 96.3 116.6 139.7 162.3
4-Chlorotoluene C7H7Cl +5.5 31.0 43.8 57.8 73.5 83.3 96.6 117.1 139.8 162.3 +7.3
Chlorotriethylsilane C6H15ClSi −4.9 +19.8 32.0 45.5 60.2 69.5 82.3 101.6 123.6 146.3
1-Chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethylene C2ClF3 −116.0 −102.5 −95.9 −88.2 −79.7 −74.1 −66.7 −55.0 −41.7 −27.9 −157.5
Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF3 −149.5 −139.2 −134.1 −128.5 −121.9 −117.3 −111.7 −102.5 −92.7 −81.2
Chlorotrimethylsilane C3H9ClSi −62.8 −43.6 −34.0 −23.2 −11.4 −4.0 +6.0 21.9 39.4 57.9
trans-Cinnamic acid C9H8O2 127.5 157.8 173.0 189.5 207.1 217.8 232.4 253.3 276.7 300.0 133
Cinnamyl alcohol C9H10O 72.6 102.5 117.8 133.7 151.0 162.0 177.8 199.8 224.6 250.0 33
Cinnamylaldehyde C9H8O 76.1 105.8 120.0 135.7 152.2 163.7 177.7 199.3 222.4 246.0 −7.5
Citraconic anhydride C5H4O3 47.1 74.8 88.9 103.8 120.3 131.3 145.4 165.8 189.8 213.5
cis-a-Citral C10H16O 61.7 90.0 103.9 119.4 135.9 146.3 160.0 181.8 205.0 228.0
d-Citronellal C10H18O 44.0 71.4 84.8 99.8 116.1 126.2 140.1 160.0 183.8 206.5
Citronellic acid C10H18O2 99.5 127.3 141.4 155.6 171.9 182.1 195.4 214.5 236.6 257.0
Citronellol C10H20O 66.4 93.6 107.0 121.5 137.2 147.2 159.8 179.8 201.0 221.5
Citronellyl acetate C12H22O2 74.7 100.2 113.0 126.0 140.5 149.7 161.0 178.8 197.8 217.0
Coumarin C9H6O2 106.0 137.8 153.4 170.0 189.0 200.5 216.5 240.0 264.7 291.0 70
o-Cresol (2-cresol; 3-methylphenol) C7H8O 38.2 64.0 76.7 90.5 105.8 115.5 127.4 146.7 168.4 190.8 30.8
 m-Cresol (3-cresol; 3-methylphenol) C7H8O 52.0 76.0 87.8 101.4 116.0 125.8 138.0 157.3 179.0 202.8 10.9
p-Cresol (4-cresol; 4-methylphenol) C7H8O 53.0 76.5 88.6 102.3 117.7 127.0 140.0 157.3 179.4 201.8 35.5
cis-Crotonic acid C4H6O2 33.5 57.4 69.0 82.0 96.0 104.5 116.3 133.9 152.2 171.9 15.5
trans-Crotonic acid C4H6O2 80.0 93.0 107.8 116.7 128.0 146.0 165.5 185.0 72
cis-Crotononitrile C4H5N −29.0 −7.1 +4.0 16.4 30.0 38.5 50.1 68.0 88.0 108.0
trans-Crotononitrile C4H5N −19.5 +3.5 15.0 27.8 41.8 50.9 62.8 81.1 101.5 122.8
Cumene C9H12 +2.9 26.8 38.3 51.5 66.1 75.4 88.1 107.3 129.2 152.4 −96.0
4-Cumidene C9H13N 60.0 88.2 102.2 117.8 134.2 145.0 158.0 180.0 203.2 227.0
Cuminal C10H12O 58.0 87.3 102.0 117.9 135.2 146.0 160.0 182.8 206.7 232.0
Cuminyl alcohol C10H14O 74.2 103.7 118.0 133.8 150.3 161.7 176.2 197.9 221.7 246.6
2-Cyano-2-n-butyl acetate C7H11NO2 42.0 68.7 82.0 96.2 111.8 121.5 133.8 152.2 173.4 195.2
Cyanogen C2N2 −95.8 −83.2 −76.8 −70.1 −62.7 −57.9 −51.8 −42.6 −33.0 −21.0 −34.4
bromide CBrN −35.7 −13.3 −10.0 −1.0 +8.6 14.7 22.6 33.8 46.0 61.5 58
chloride CClN −76.7 −61.4 −53.8 −46.1 −37.5 −32.1 −24.9 −14.1 −2.3 +13.1 −6.5
iodide CIN 25.2 47.2 57.7 68.6 80.3 88.0 97.6 111.5 126.1 141.1
Cyclobutane C4H8 −92.0 −76.0 −67.9 −58.7 −48.4 −41.8 −32.8 −18.9 −3.4 +12.9 −50
Cyclobutene C4H6 −99.1 −83.4 −75.4 −66.6 −56.4 −50.0 −41.2 −27.8 −12.2 +2.4
Cyclohexane C6H12 −45.3 −25.4 −15.9 −5.0 +6.7 14.7 25.5 42.0 60.8 80.7 +6.6
Cyclohexaneethanol C8H16O 50.4 77.2 90.0 104.0 119.8 129.8 142.7 161.7 183.5 205.4
Cyclohexanol C6H12O 21.0 44.0 56.0 68.8 83.0 91.8 103.7 121.7 141.4 161.0 23.9
Cyclohexanone C6H10O +1.4 26.4 38.7 52.5 67.8 77.5 90.4 110.3 132.5 155.6 −45.0
2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol C12H14N2O5 132.8 161.8 175.9 191.2 206.7 216.0 229.0 248.7 269.8 291.5
Cyclopentane C5H10 −68.0 −49.6 −40.4 −30.1 −18.6 −11.3 −1.3 +13.8 31.0 49.3 −93.7
Cyclopropane C3H6 −116.8 −104.2 −97.5 −90.3 −82.3 −77.0 −70.0 −59.1 −46.9 −33.5 −126.6
Cymene C10H14 17.3 43.9 57.0 71.1 87.0 97.2 110.8 131.4 153.5 177.2 −68.2
cis-Decalin C10H18 22.5 50.1 64.2 79.8 97.2 108.0 123.2 145.4 169.9 194.6 −43.3
trans-Decalin C10H18 −0.8 +30.6 47.2 65.3 85.7 98.4 114.6 136.2 160.1 186.7 −30.7
Decane C10H22 16.5 42.3 55.7 69.8 85.5 95.5 108.6 128.4 150.6 174.1 −29.7
Decan-2-one C10H20O 44.2 71.9 85.8 100.7 117.1 127.8 142.0 163.2 186.7 211.0 +3.5
1-Decene C10H20 14.7 40.3 53.7 67.8 83.3 93.5 106.5 126.7 149.2 172.0
Decyl alcohol C10H22O 69.5 97.3 111.3 125.8 142.1 152.0 165.8 186.2 208.8 231.0 +7
Decyltrimethylsilane C13H30Si 67.4 96.4 111.0 126.5 144.0 154.3 169.5 191.0 215.5 240.0
Dehydroacetic acid C8H8O4 91.7 122.0 137.3 153.0 171.0 181.5 197.5 219.5 244.5 269.0
Desoxybenzoin C14H12O 123.3 156.2 173.5 192.0 212.0 224.5 241.3 265.2 293.0 321.0 60
Diacetamide C4H7NO2 70.0 95.0 108.0 122.6 138.2 148.0 160.6 180.8 202.0 223.0 78.5
Diacetylene (1,3-butadiyne) C4H2 −82.5 −68.0 −61.2 −53.8 −45.9 −41.0 −34.0 −20.9 −6.1 +9.7 −34.9
Diallyldichlorosilane C6H10Cl2Si +9.5 34.8 47.4 61.3 76.4 86.3 99.7 119.4 142.0 165.3

(Continued)
2.323
2.324

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
Dialyl sulfide C6H10S −9.5 14.4 26.6 39.7 54.2 63.7 75.8 94.8 116.1 138.6 −83
Diisoamyl ether C10H22O 18.6 44.3 57.0 70.7 86.3 96.0 109.6 129.0 150.3 173.4
oxalate C12H22O4 85.4 116.0 131.4 147.7 165.7 177.0 192.2 215.0 240.0 265.0
sulfide C10H22S 43.0 73.0 87.6 102.7 120.0 130.6 145.3 166.4 191.0 216.0
Dibenzylamine C14H15N 118.3 149.8 165.6 182.2 200.2 212.2 227.3 249.8 274.3 300.0 −26
Dibenzyl ketone (1,3-diphenyl- C15H14O 125.5 159.8 177.6 195.7 216.6 229.4 246.6 272.3 301.7 330.5 34.5
2-propanone)
1,4-Dibromobenzene C6H4Br2 61.0 79.3 87.7 103.6 120.8 131.6 146.5 168.5 192.5 218.6 87.5
1,2-Dibromobutane C4H8Br2 7.5 33.2 46.1 60.0 76.0 86.0 99.8 120.2 143.5 166.3 −64.5
dl-2,3-Dibromobutane C4H8Br2 +5.0 30.0 41.6 56.4 72.0 82.0 95.3 115.7 138.0 160.5
meso-2,3-Dibromobutane C4H8Br2 +1.5 26.6 39.3 53.2 68.0 78.0 91.7 111.8 134.2 157.3 −34.5
1,2-Dibromodecane C10H20Br2 95.7 123.6 137.3 151.0 167.4 177.5 190.2 209.6 229.8 250.4
Di(2-bromoethyl) ether C4H8Br2O 47.7 75.3 88.5 103.6 119.8 130.0 144.0 165.0 188.0 212.5
a,b-Dibromomaleie Anhydride C4H2Br2O3 50.0 78.0 92.0 106.7 123.5 133.8 147.7 168.0 192.0 215.0
1,2-Dibromo-2-methylpropane C4H8Br2 −28.8 −3.0 +10.5 25.7 42.3 53.7 68.8 92.1 119.8 149.0 −70.3
1,3-Dibromo-2-methylpropane C4H8Br2 14.0 40.0 53.0 67.5 83.5 93.7 107.4 117.8 150.6 174.6
1,2-Dibromopentane C5H10Br2 19.8 45.4 58.0 72.0 87.4 97.4 110.1 130.2 151.8 175.0
1,2-Dibromopropane C3H6Br2 −7.0 +17.3 29.4 42.3 57.2 66.4 78.7 97.8 118.5 141.6 −5.5
1,3-Dibromopropane C3H6Br2 +9.7 35.4 48.0 62.1 77.8 87.8 101.3 121.7 144.1 167.5 −34.4
2,3-Dibromopropene C3H4Br2 −6.0 +17.9 30.0 43.2 57.8 67.0 79.5 98.0 119.5 141.2
2,3-Dibromo-1-propanol C3H6Br2O 57.0 84.5 98.2 113.5 129.8 140.0 153.0 173.8 196.0 219.0
Diisobutylamine C8H19N −5.1 +18.4 30.6 43.7 57.8 67.0 79.2 97.6 118.0 139.5 −70
2,6-Ditert-butyl-4-cresol C15H24O 85.8 116.2 131.0 147.0 164.1 175.2 190.0 212.8 237.6 262.5
4,6-Ditert-butyl-2-cresol C15H24O 86.2 117.3 132.4 149.0 167.4 179.0 194.0 217.5 243.4 269.3
4,6-Ditert-butyl-3-cresol C15H24O 103.7 135.2 150.0 167.0 185.3 196.1 211.0 233.0 257.1 282.0
2,6-Ditert-butyl-4-ethylphenol C16H26O 89.1 121.4 137.0 154.0 172.1 183.9 198.0 220.0 244.0 268.6
4,6-Ditert-butyl-3-ethylphenol C16H26O 111.5 142.6 157.4 174.0 192.3 204.4 218.0 241.7 264.6 290.0
Diisobutyl oxalate C10H18O4 63.2 91.2 105.3 120.3 137.5 147.8 161.8 183.5 205.8 229.5
2,4-Ditert-butylphenol C14H22O 84.5 115.4 130.0 146.0 164.3 175.8 190.0 212.5 237.0 260.8
Dibutyl phthalate C16H22O4 148.2 182.1 198.2 216.2 235.8 247.8 263.7 287.0 313.5 340.0
sulfide C8H18S +21.7 51.8 66.4 80.5 96.0 105.8 118.6 138.0 159.0 182.0 −79.7
 Diisobutyl d-tartrate C12H22O6 117.8 151.8 169.0 188.0 208.5 221.6 239.5 264.7 294.0 324.0 73.5
Dicarvaryl-mono-(6-chloro-2-xenyl) C32H34ClO4P 204.2 234.5 249.3 264.5 280.5 290.7 304.9 323.8 342.0 361.0
phosphate
Dicarvacryl-2-tolyl phosphate C27H33O4P 180.2 209.3 221.8 237.0 251.5 260.3 272.5 290.0 309.8 330.0
Dichloroacetic acid C2H2Cl2O2 44.0 69.8 82.6 96.3 111.8 121.5 134.0 152.3 173.7 194.4 9.7
1,2-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 20.0 46.0 59.1 73.4 89.4 99.5 112.9 133.4 155.8 179.0 −17.6
1,3-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 12.1 39.0 52.0 66.2 82.0 92.2 105.0 125.9 149.0 173.0 −24.2
1,4-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 54.8 69.2 84.8 95.2 108.4 128.3 150.2 173.9 53.0
1,2-Dichlorobutane C4H8Cl2 −23.6 −0.3 +11.5 24.5 37.7 47.8 60.2 79.7 100.8 123.5
2,3-Dichlorobutane C4H8Cl2 −25.2 −3.0 +8.5 21.2 35.0 43.9 56.0 74.0 94.2 116.0 −80.4
1,2-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene C2Cl2F2 −82.0 −65.6 −57.3 −48.3 −38.2 −31.8 −23.0 −10.0 +5.0 20.9 −112
Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl2F2 −118.5 −104.6 −97.8 −90.1 −81.6 −76.1 −68.6 −57.0 −43.9 −29.8
Dichlorodiphenyl silane C12H10Cl2Si 109.6 142.4 158.0 176.0 195.5 207.5 223.8 248.0 275.5 304.0
Dichlorodiisopropyl ether C6H12Cl2O 29.6 55.2 68.2 82.2 97.3 106.9 119.7 139.0 159.8 182.7
Di(2-chloroethoxy) methane C5H10Cl2O2 53.0 80.4 94.0 109.5 125.5 135.8 149.6 170.0 192.0 215.0
Dichloroethoxymethylsilane C8H8Cl2OSi −33.8 −12.1 −1.3 +11.3 24.4 32.6 44.1 61.0 80.3 100.6
1,2-Dichloro-3-ethylbenzene C8H8Cl2 46.0 75.0 90.0 105.9 123.8 135.0 149.8 172.0 197.0 222.1 −40.8
1,2-Dichloro-4-ethylbenzene C8H8Cl2 47.0 77.2 92.3 109.6 127.5 139.0 153.3 176.0 201.7 226.6 −76.4
1,4-Dichloro-2-ethylbenzene C8H8Cl2 38.5 68.0 83.2 99.8 118.0 129.0 144.0 166.2 191.5 216.3 −61.2
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene C2H2Cl2 −58.4 −39.2 −29.9 −19.4 −7.9 −0.5 +9.5 24.6 41.0 59.0 −80.5
trans-1,2-Dichloro ethylene C2H2Cl2 −65.4 −47.2 −38.0 −28.0 −17.0 −10.0 −0.2 +14.3 30.8 47.8 −50.0
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether C4H8Cl2O 23.5 49.3 62.0 76.0 91.5 101.5 114.5 134.0 155.4 178.5
Dichlorofluoromethane CHCl2F −91.3 −75.5 −67.5 −58.6 −48.8 −42.6 −33.9 −20.9 −6.2 +8.9 −135
1,5-Dichlorohexamethyltrisiloxane C6H18Cl2O2Si3 26.0 52.0 65.1 79.0 94.8 105.0 118.2 138.3 160.2 184.0 −53.0
Dichloromethylphenylsilane C7H8Cl2Si 35.7 63.5 77.4 92.4 109.5 120.0 134.2 155.5 180.2 205.5
1,1-Dichloro-2-methylpropane C4H8Cl2 −31.0 −8.4 +2.6 14.6 28.2 37.0 48.2 65.8 85.4 106.0
1,2-Dichloro-2-methylpropane C4H8Cl2 −25.8 −4.2 +6.7 18.7 32.0 40.2 51.7 68.9 87.8 108.0
1,3-Dichloro-2-methylpropane C4H8Cl2 −3.0 +20.6 32.0 44.8 58.6 67.5 78.8 96.1 115.4 135.0
2,4-Dichlorophenol C6H4Cl2O 53.0 80.0 92.8 107.7 123.4 133.5 146.0 165.2 187.5 210.0 45.0
2,6-Dichlorophenol C6H4Cl2O 59.5 87.6 101.0 115.5 131.6 141.8 154.6 175.5 197.7 220.0
a,a-Dichlorophenylacetonitrile C8H5Cl2N 56.0 84.0 98.1 113.8 130.0 141.0 154.5 176.2 199.5 223.5
Dichlorophenylarsine C6H5AsCl2 61.8 100.0 116.0 133.1 151.0 163.2 178.9 202.8 228.8 256.5
1,2-Dichloropropane C3H6Cl2 −38.5 −17.0 −6.1 +6.0 19.4 28.0 39.4 57.0 76.0 96.8
2,3-Dichlorostyrene C8H6Cl2 61.0 90.1 104.6 120.5 137.8 149.0 163.5 185.7 210.0 235.0
2,4-Dichlorostyrene C8H6Cl2 53.5 82.2 97.4 111.8 129.2 140.0 153.8 176.0 200.0 225.0
2,5-Dichlorostyrene C8H6Cl2 55.5 83.9 98.2 114.0 131.0 142.0 155.8 178.0 202.5 227.0
2,6-Dichlorostyrene C8H6Cl2 47.8 75.7 90.0 105.5 122.4 133.3 147.6 169.0 193.5 217.0

(Continued)
2.325
2.326

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
3,4-Dichlorostyrene C8H6Cl2 57.2 86.0 100.4 116.2 133.7 144.6 158.2 181.5 205.7 230.0
3,5-Dichlorostyrene C8H6Cl2 53.5 82.2 97.4 111.8 129.2 140.0 153.8 176.0 200.0 225.0
1,2-Dichlorotetraethylbenzene C14H20Cl2 105.6 138.7 155.0 172.5 192.2 204.8 220.7 245.6 272.8 302.0
1,4-Dichlorotetraethylbenzene C14H20Cl2 91.7 126.1 143.8 162.0 183.2 195.8 212.0 238.5 265.8 296.5
1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane C2Cl2F4 −95.4 −80.0 −72.3 −63.5 −53.7 −47.5 −39.1 −26.3 −12.0 +3.5 −94
Dichloro-4-tolysilane C7H8Cl2Si 46.2 71.7 84.2 97.8 113.2 122.6 135.5 153.5 175.2 196.3
3,4-Dichloro-a,a,a-trifluorotoluene C7H3Cl2F3 11.0 38.3 52.2 67.3 84.0 95.0 109.2 129.0 150.5 172.8 −12.1
Dicyclopentadiene C10H8 34.1 47.6 62.0 77.9 88.0 101.7 121.8 144.2 166.6 32.9
Diethoxydimethylsilane C6H16O2Si −19.1 +2.4 13.3 25.3 38.0 46.3 57.6 74.2 93.2 113.5
Diethoxydiphenylsilane C16H20O2Si 111.5 142.8 157.6 174.3 193.2 205.0 220.0 243.8 259.7 296.0
Diethyl adipate C10H18O4 74.0 106.6 123.0 138.3 154.6 165.8 179.0 198.2 219.1 240.0 −21
Diethylamine C4H11N −33.0 −22.6 −11.3 −40. +6.0 21.0 38.0 55.5 38.9
N-Diethylaniline C10H15N 49.7 78.0 91.9 107.2 123.6 133.8 147.3 168.2 192.4 215.5 −34.4
Diethyl arsanilate C10H16AsNO3 38.0 62.6 74.8 88.0 102.6 111.8 123.8 141.9 161.0 181.0
1,2-Diethylbenzene C10H14 22.3 48.7 62.0 76.4 92.5 102.6 116.2 136.7 159.0 183.5 −31.4
1,3-Diethylbenzene C10H14 20.7 46.8 59.9 74.5 90.4 100.7 114.4 134.8 156.9 181.1 −83.9
1,4-Diethylbenzene C10H14 20.7 47.1 60.3 74.7 91.1 101.3 115.3 136.1 159.0 183.8 −43.2
Diethyl carbonate C5H10O3 −10.1 +12.3 23.8 36.0 49.5 57.9 69.7 86.5 105.8 125.8 −43
cis-Diethyl citraconate C9H14O4 59.8 88.3 103.0 118.2 135.7 146.2 160.0 182.3 206.5 230.3
Diethyl dioxosuccinate C8H10O5 70.0 98.0 112.0 126.8 143.8 153.7 167.7 188.0 210.8 233.5
Diethylene glycol C4H10O3 91.8 120.0 133.8 148.0 164.3 174.0 187.5 207.0 226.5 244.8
Diethyleneglycol-bis-chloroacetate C8H12Cl2O5 148.3 180.0 195.8 212.0 229.0 239.5 252.0 271.5 291.8 313.0
Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether
Di(2-methoxyethyl) ether C6H14O3 13.0 37.6 50.0 63.0 77.5 86.8 99.5 118.0 138.5 159.8
glycol ethyl ether C6H14O3 45.3 72.0 85.8 100.3 116.7 126.8 140.3 159.0 180.3 201.9
Diethyl ether C4H10O −74.3 −56.9 −48.1 −38.5 27.7 −21.8 −11.5 +2.2 17.9 34.6 −116.3
ethylmalonate C9H16O4 50.8 77.8 91.6 106.0 122.4 132.4 146.0 166.0 188.7 211.5
fumarate C8H12O4 53.2 81.2 95.3 110.2 126.7 137.7 151.1 172.2 195.8 218.5 +0.6
glutarate C9H16O4 65.6 94.7 109.7 125.4 142.8 153.2 167.8 189.5 212.8 237.0
Diethylhexadecylamine C20H43N 139.8 175.8 194.0 213.5 235.0 248.5 265.5 292.8 324.6 355.0
 Diethyl itaconate C9H14O4 51.3 80.2 95.2 111.0 128.2 139.3 154.3 177.5 203.1 227.9
ketone (3-pentanone) C5H10O −12.7 +7.5 17.2 27.9 39.4 46.7 56.2 70.6 86.3 102.7 −42
malate C8H14O5 80.7 110.4 125.3 141.2 157.8 169.0 183.9 205.3 229.5 253.4
maleate C8H12O4 57.3 85.6 100.0 115.3 131.8 142.4 156.0 177.8 201.7 225.0
malonate C7H12O4 40.0 67.5 81.3 95.9 113.3 123.0 136.2 155.5 176.8 198.9 −49.8
mesaconate C9H14O4 62.8 91.0 105.3 120.3 137.3 147.9 161.6 183.2 205.8 229.0
oxalate C6H10O4 47.4 71.8 83.8 96.8 110.6 119.7 130.8 147.9 166.2 185.7 −40.6
phthalate C12H14O4 108.8 140.7 156.0 173.6 192.1 204.1 219.5 243.0 267.5 294.0
sebacate C14H26O4 125.3 156.2 172.1 189.8 207.5 218.4 234.4 255.8 280.3 305.5 1.3
2,5-Diethylstyrene C12H16 49.7 78.4 92.6 108.5 125.8 136.8 151.0 173.2 198.0 223.0
Diethyl succinate C8H14O4 54.6 83.0 96.6 111.7 127.8 138.2 151.1 171.7 193.8 216.5 −20.8
isosuccinate C8H14O4 39.8 66.7 80.0 94.7 111.0 121.4 134.8 155.1 177.7 201.3
sulfate C4H10O4S 47.0 74.0 87.7 102.1 118.0 128.6 142.5 162.5 185.5 209.5 −25.0
sulfide C4H10S −39.6 −18.6 −8.0 +3.5 16.1 24.2 35.0 51.3 69.7 88.0 −99.5
sulfite C4H10O3S 10.0 34.2 46.4 59.7 74.2 83.8 96.3 115.8 137.0 159.0
d-Diethyl tartrate C8H14O6 102.0 133.0 148.0 164.2 182.3 194.0 208.5 230.4 254.8 280.0 17
dl-Diethyl tartrate C8H14O6 100.0 131.7 147.2 163.8 181.7 193.2 208.0 230.0 254.3 280.0
3,5-Diethyltoluene C11H16 34.0 61.5 75.3 90.2 107.0 117.7 131.7 152.4 176.5 200.7
Diethylzinc C4H10Zn −22.4 0.0 +11.7 24.2 38.0 47.2 59.1 77.0 97.3 118.0 −28
1-Dihydrocarvone C10H16O 46.6 75.5 90.0 106.0 123.7 134.7 149.7 171.8 197.0 223.0
Dihydrocitronellol C10H22O 68.0 91.7 103.0 115.0 127.6 136.7 145.9 160.2 176.8 193.5
1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone C14H8O4 196.7 239.8 259.8 282.0 307.4 323.3 344.5 377.8 413.0 450.0 194
Dimethylacetylene (2-butyne) C4H6 −73.0 −57.9 −50.5 −42.5 −33.9 −27.8 −18.8 −5.0 +10.6 27.2 −32.5
Dimethylamine C2H7N −87.7 −72.2 −64.6 −56.0 −46.7 −40.7 −32.6 −20.4 −7.1 +7.4 −96
N,N-Dimethylaniline C8H11N 29.5 56.3 70.0 84.8 101.6 111.9 125.8 146.5 169.2 193.1 +2.5
Dimethyl arsanilate C8H12AsNO3 15.0 39.6 51.8 65.0 79.7 88.6 101.0 119.8 140.3 160.5
Di(a-methylbenzyl) ether C16H18O 96.7 128.3 144.0 160.3 179.6 191.5 206.8 229.7 254.8 281.9
2,2-Dimethylbutane C6H14 −69.3 −50.7 −41.5 −31.1 −19.5 −12.1 −2.0 +13.4 31.0 49.7 −99.8
2,3-Dimethylbutane C6H14 −63.6 −44.5 −34.9 −24.1 −12.4 −4.9 +5.4 21.1 39.0 58.0 −128.2
Dimethyl citraconate C7H10O4 50.8 78.2 91.8 106.5 122.6 132.7 145.8 165.8 188.0 210.5
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane C8H16 −24.4 −1.4 +10.3 23.0 37.3 45.7 57.9 76.2 97.2 119.5 −34
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane C8H16 −15.9 +7.3 18.4 31.1 45.3 54.4 66.8 85.6 107.0 129.7 −50.0
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane C8H16 −21.1 +1.7 13.0 25.6 39.7 48.7 61.0 79.6 100.9 123.4 −80.0
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane C8H16 −19.4 +3.4 14.9 27.4 41.4 50.4 62.5 81.0 102.1 124.4 −92.0
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane C8H16 −22.7 0.0 +11.2 23.6 37.5 46.4 58.5 76.9 97.8 120.1 −76.2
cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane C8H16 −20.0 +3.2 14.5 27.1 41.1 50.1 62.3 80.8 101.9 124.3 −87.4
trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane C8H16 −24.3 −1.7 +10.1 22.6 36.5 45.4 57.6 76.0 97.0 119.3 −36.9
Dimethyl ether C2H6O −115.7 −101.1 −93.3 −85.2 −76.2 −70.4 −62.7 −50.9 −37.8 −23.7 −138.5

(Continued)
2.327
2.328

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
2,2-Dimethylhexane C8H18 −29.7 −7.9 +3.1 15.0 28.2 36.7 48.2 65.7 85.6 106.8
2,3-Dimethylhexane C8H18 −23.0 −1.1 +9.9 22.1 35.6 44.2 56.0 73.8 94.1 115.6
2,4-Dimethylhexane C8H18 −26.9 −5.3 +5.2 17.2 30.5 39.0 50.6 68.1 88.2 109.4
2,5-Dimethylhexane C8H18 −26.7 −5.5 +5.3 17.2 30.4 38.9 50.5 68.0 87.9 109.1 −90.7
3,3-Dimethylhexane C8H18 −25.8 −4.4 +6.1 18.2 31.7 40.4 52.5 70.0 90.4 112.0
3,4-Dimethylhexane C8H18 −22.1 +0.2 11.3 23.5 37.1 45.8 57.7 75.6 96.0 117.7
Dimethyl itaconate C7H10O4 69.3 94.0 106.6 119.7 133.7 142.6 153.7 171.0 189.8 208.0 38
1-Dimethyl malate C6H10O5 75.4 104.0 118.3 133.8 150.1 160.4 175.1 196.3 219.5 242.6
Dimethyl maleate C6H8O4 45.7 73.0 86.4 101.3 117.2 127.1 140.4 160.0 182.2 205.0
malonate C5H8O4 35.0 59.8 72.0 85.0 100.0 109.7 121.9 140.0 159.8 180.7 −62
trans-Dimethyl mesaconate C7H10O4 46.8 74.0 87.8 102.1 118.0 127.8 141.5 161.0 183.5 206.0
2,7-Dimethyloctane C10H22 +6.3 30.5 42.3 55.8 71.2 80.8 93.9 114.0 136.0 159.7 −52.8
Dimethyl oxalate C4H6O4 20.0 44.0 56.0 69.4 83.6 92.8 104.8 123.3 143.3 163.3
2,2-Dimethylpentane C7H16 −49.0 −28.7 −18.7 −7.5 +5.0 13.0 23.9 40.3 59.2 79.2 −123.7
2,3-Dimethylpentane C7H16 −42.0 −20.8 −10.3 +1.1 13.9 22.1 33.3 50.1 69.4 89.8 −135
2,4-Dimethylpentane C7H16 −48.0 −27.4 −17.1 −5.9 +6.5 14.5 25.4 41.8 60.6 80.5 −119.5
3,3-Dimethylpentane C7H16 −45.9 −25.0 −14.4 −2.9 +9.9 18.1 29.3 46.2 65.5 86.1 −135.0
2,3-Dimethylphenol (2,3-xylenol) C8H10O 56.0 83.8 97.6 112.0 129.2 139.5 152.2 173.0 196.0 218.0 75
2,4-Dimethylphenol (2,4-xylenol) C8H10O 51.8 78.0 91.3 105.0 121.5 131.0 143.0 161.5 184.2 211.5 25.5
2,5-Dimethylphenol (2,5-xylenol) C8H10O 51.8 78.0 91.3 105.0 121.5 131.0 143.0 161.5 184.2 211.5 74.5
3,4-Dimethylphenol (3,4-xylenol) C8H10O 66.2 93.8 107.7 122.0 138.0 148.0 161.0 181.5 203.6 225.2 62.5
3,5-Dimethylphenol (3,5-xylenol) C8H10O 62.0 89.2 102.4 117.0 133.3 143.5 156.0 176.2 197.8 219.5 68
Dimethylphenylsilane C8H12Si +5.3 30.3 42.6 56.2 71.4 81.3 94.2 114.2 136.4 159.3
Dimethyl phthalate C10H10O4 100.3 131.8 147.6 164.0 182.8 194.0 210.0 232.7 257.8 283.7
3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-pyrone C7H8O2 78.6 107.6 122.0 136.4 152.7 163.8 177.5 198.0 221.0 245.0 51.5
4,6-Dimethylresorcinol C8H10O2 49.0 76.8 90.7 105.8 122.5 133.2 147.3 167.8 192.0 215.0
Dimethyl sebacate C12H22O4 104.0 139.8 156.2 175.8 196.0 208.0 222.6 245.0 269.6 293.5 38
2,4-Dimethylstyrene C10H12 34.2 61.9 75.8 90.8 107.7 118.0 132.3 153.2 177.5 202.0
2,5-Dimethylstyrene C10H12 29.0 55.9 69.0 84.0 100.2 110.7 124.7 145.6 168.7 193.0
a,a-Dimethylsuccinic anhydride C6H8O3 61.4 88.1 102.0 116.3 132.6 142.4 155.3 175.8 197.5 219.5
Dimethyl sulfide C2H6S −75.6 −58.0 −49.2 −39.4 −28.4 −21.9 −12.0 +2.6 18.7 36.0 −83.2
 d-Dimethyl tartrate C6H10O6 102.1 133.2 148.2 164.3 182.4 193.8 208.8 230.5 255.0 280.0 61.5
dl-Dimethyl tartrate C6H10O6 100.4 131.8 147.5 164.0 182.4 193.8 209.5 232.3 257.4 282.0 89
N,N-Dimethyl-2-toluidine C9H13N 28.8 54.1 66.2 80.2 95.0 105.2 118.1 138.3 161.5 184.8 −61
N,N-Dimethyl-4-toluidine C9H13N 50.1 74.3 86.7 100.0 116.3 126.4 140.3 161.6 185.4 209.5
Di(nitrosomethyl) amine C2H5N3O2 +3.2 27.8 40.0 53.7 68.2 77.7 90.3 110.0 131.3 153.0
Diosphenol C10H16O2 66.7 95.4 109.0 124.0 141.2 151.3 165.6 186.2 209.5 232.0
1,4-Dioxane C4H8O2 −35.8 −12.8 −1.2 +12.0 25.2 33.8 45.1 62.3 81.8 101.1 10
Dipentene C10H16 14.0 40.4 53.8 68.2 84.3 94.6 108.3 128.2 150.5 174.6
Diphenylamine C12H11N 108.3 141.7 157.0 175.2 194.3 206.9 222.8 247.5 274.1 302.0 52.9
Diphenyl carbinol (benzhydrol) C13H12O 110.0 145.0 162.0 180.9 200.0 212.0 227.5 250.0 275.6 301.0 68.5
chlorophosphate C12H10ClPO3 121.5 160.5 182.0 203.8 227.9 244.2 265.0 299.5 337.2 378.0
disulfide C12H10S2 131.6 164.0 180.0 197.0 214.8 226.2 241.3 262.6 285.8 310.0 61
1,2-Diphenylethane (dibenzyl) C14H14 86.8 119.8 136.0 153.7 173.7 186.0 202.8 227.8 255.0 284.0 51.5
Diphenyl ether C12H10O 66.1 97.8 114.0 130.8 150.0 162.0 178.8 203.3 230.7 258.5 27
1,1-Diphenylethylene C14H12 87.4 119.6 135.0 151.8 170.8 183.4 198.6 222.8 249.8 277.0
trans-Diphenylethylene C14H12 113.2 145.8 161.0 179.8 199.0 211.5 227.4 251.7 278.3 306.5 124
1,1-Diphenylhydrazine C12H12N2 126.0 159.3 176.1 194.0 213.5 225.9 242.5 267.2 294.0 322.2 44
Diphenylmethane C13H12 76.0 107.4 122.8 139.8 157.8 170.2 186.3 210.7 237.5 264.5 26.5
Diphenyl sulfide C12H10S 96.1 129.0 145.0 162.0 182.8 194.8 211.8 236.8 263.9 292.5
Diphenyl-2-tolyl thiophosphate C18H17O3PS 159.7 179.6 201.6 215.5 230.6 240.4 252.5 270.3 290.0 310.0
1,2-Dipropoxyethane C8H18O2 −38.8 −10.3 +5.0 22.3 42.3 55.8 74.2 103.8 140.0 180.0
1,2-Diisopropylbenzene C12H18 40.0 67.8 81.8 96.8 114.0 124.3 138.7 159.8 184.3 209.0
1,3-Diisopropylbenzene C12H18 34.7 62.3 76.0 91.2 107.9 118.2 132.3 153.7 177.6 202.0 −105
Dipropylene glycol C6H14O3 73.8 102.1 116.2 131.3 147.4 156.5 169.9 189.9 210.5 231.8
Dipropyleneglycol monobutyl ether C10H22O3 64.7 92.0 106.0 120.4 136.3 146.3 159.8 180.0 203.8 227.0
isopropyl ether C9H20O3 46.0 72.8 86.2 100.8 117.0 126.8 140.3 160.0 183.1 205.6
Di-n-propyl ether C6H14O −43.3 −22.3 −11.8 0.0 +13.2 21.6 33.0 50.3 69.5 89.5 −122
Diisopropyl ether C6H14O −57.0 −37.4 −27.4 −16.7 −4.5 +3.4 13.7 30.0 48.2 67.5 −60
Di-n-propyl ketone (4-heptanone) C7H14O 23.0 44.4 55.0 66.2 78.1 85.8 96.0 111.2 127.3 143.7 −32.6
Di-n-propyl oxalate C8H14O4 53.4 80.2 93.9 108.6 124.6 134.8 148.1 168.0 190.3 213.5
Diisopropyl oxalate C8H14O4 43.2 69.0 81.9 95.6 110.5 120.0 132.6 151.2 171.8 193.5
Di-n-propyl succinate C10H18O4 77.5 107.6 122.2 138.0 154.8 166.0 180.3 202.5 226.5 250.8
Di-n-propyl d-tartrate C10H18O6 115.6 147.7 163.5 180.4 199.7 211.7 227.0 250.1 275.6 303.0
Diisopropyl d-tartrate C10H18O6 103.7 133.7 148.2 164.0 181.8 192.6 207.3 228.2 251.8 275.0
Divinyl acetylene (1,5-hexadiene-3-yne) C6H6 −45.1 −24.4 −14.0 −2.8 +10.0 18.1 29.5 46.0 64.4 84.0
1,3-Divinylbenzene C10H10 32.7 60.0 73.8 88.7 105.5 116.0 130.0 151.4 175.2 199.5 −66.9
Docosanae C22H46 157.8 195.4 213.0 233.5 254.5 268.3 286.0 314.2 343.5 376.0 44.5

(Continued)
2.329
2.330

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
n-Dodeccane C12H26 47.8 75.8 90.0 104.6 121.7 132.1 146.2 167.2 191.0 216.2 −9.6
1-Dodecene C12H24 47.2 74.0 87.8 102.4 118.6 128.5 142.3 162.2 185.5 208.0 −31.5
n-Dodecyl alcohol C12H26O 91.0 120.2 134.7 150.0 167.2 177.8 192.0 213.0 235.7 259.0 24
Dodecylamine C12H27N 82.8 111.8 127.8 141.6 157.4 168.0 182.1 203.0 225.0 248.0
Dodecyltrimethylsilane C15H34Si 91.2 122.1 137.7 153.8 172.1 184.2 199.5 222.0 248.0 273.0
Elaidic acid C18H34O2 171.3 206.7 223.5 242.3 260.8 273.0 288.0 312.4 337.0 362.0 51.5
Epichlorohydrin C3H5ClO −16.5 +5.6 16.6 29.0 42.0 50.6 62.0 79.3 98.0 117.9 −25.6
1,2-Epoxy-2-methylpropane C4H8O −69.0 −50.0 −40.3 −29.5 −17.3 −9.7 +1.2 17.5 36.0 55.5
Erucic acid C22H42O2 206.7 239.7 254.5 270.6 289.1 300.2 314.4 336.5 358.8 381.5 33.5
Estragole (p-methoxy allyl benzene) C10H12O 52.6 80.0 93.7 108.4 124.6 135.2 148.5 168.7 192.0 215.0
Ethane C2H6 −159.5 −148.5 −142.9 −136.7 −129.8 −125.4 −119.3 −110.2 −99.7 −88.6 −183.2
Ethoxydimethylphenylsilane C10H16OSi 36.3 63.1 76.2 91.0 107.2 127.5 131.4 151.5 175.0 199.5
Ethoxytrimethylsilane C5H14OSi −50.9 −31.0 −20.7 −9.8 +3.7 11.5 22.1 38.1 56.3 75.7
Ethoxytriphenylsilane C20H20OSi 167.0 198.2 213.5 230.0 247.0 258.3 273.5 295.0 319.5 344.0
Ethyl acetate C4H8O2 −43.4 −23.5 −13.5 −3.0 +9.1 16.6 27.0 42.0 59.3 77.1 −82.4
acetoacetate C6H10O3 28.5 54.0 67.3 81.1 96.2 106.0 118.5 138.0 158.2 180.8 −45
Ethylacetylene (1-butyne) C4H6 −92.5 −76.7 −68.7 −59.9 −50.5 −43.4 −34.9 −21.6 −6.9 +8.7 −130
Ethyl acrylate C5H8O2 −29.5 −8.7 +2.0 13.0 26.0 33.5 44.5 61.5 80.0 99.5 −71.2
a-Ethylacrylic acid C5H8O2 47.0 70.7 82.0 94.4 108.1 116.7 127.5 144.0 160.7 179.2
a-Ethylacrylonitrile C5H7N −29.0 −6.4 +5.0 17.7 31.8 40.6 53.0 71.6 92.2 114.0
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) C2H6O −31.3 −12.0 −2.3 +8.0 19.0 26.0 34.9 48.4 63.5 78.4 −112
Ethylamine C2H7N −82.3 −66.4 −58.3 −48.6 −39.8 −33.4 −25.1 −12.3 +2.0 16.6 −80.6
4-Ethylaniline C8H11N 52.0 80.0 93.8 109.0 125.7 136.0 149.8 170.6 194.2 217.4 −4
N-Ethylaniline C8H11N 38.5 66.4 80.6 96.0 113.2 123.6 137.3 156.9 180.8 204.0 −63.5
2-Ethylanisole C9H12O 29.7 55.9 69.0 83.1 98.9 109.0 122.3 142.1 164.2 187.1
3-Ethylanisole C9H12O 33.7 60.3 73.9 88.5 104.8 115.5 129.2 149.7 172.8 196.5
4-Ethylanisole C9H12O 33.5 60.2 73.9 88.5 104.7 115.4 128.4 149.2 172.3 196.5
Ethylbenzene C8H10 −9.8 +13.9 25.9 38.6 52.8 61.8 74.1 92.7 113.8 136.2 −94.9
Ethyl benzoate C9H10O2 44.0 72.0 86.0 101.4 118.2 129.0 143.2 164.8 188.4 213.4 −34.6
benzoylacetate C11H12O3 107.6 136.4 150.3 166.8 181.8 191.9 205.0 223.8 244.7 265.0
bromide C2H5Br −74.3 −56.4 −47.5 −37.8 −26.7 −19.5 −10.0 +4.5 21.0 38.4 −117.8
 a-bromoisobutyrate C6H11BrO2 10.6 35.8 48.0 61.8 77.0 86.7 99.8 119.7 141.2 163.6
n-butyrate C6H12O2 −18.4 +4.0 15.3 27.8 41.5 50.1 62.0 79.8 100.0 121.0 −93.3
isobutyrate C6H12O2 −24.3 −2.4 +8.4 20.6 33.8 42.3 53.5 71.0 90.0 110.0 −88.2
Ethylcamphoronic anhydride C11H16O5 118.2 149.8 165.0 181.8 199.8 211.5 226.6 248.5 272.8 298.0
Ethyl isocaproate C8H16O2 11.0 35.8 48.0 61.7 76.3 85.8 98.4 117.8 139.2 160.4
carbamate C3H7NO2 65.8 77.8 91.0 105.6 114.8 126.2 144.2 164.0 184.0 49
carbanilate C9H11NO2 107.8 131.8 143.7 155.5 168.8 177.3 187.9 203.8 220.0 237.0 52.5
Ethylcetylamine C18H39N 133.2 168.2 186.0 205.5 226.5 239.8 256.8 283.3 313.0 342.0
Ethyl chloride C2H5Cl −89.8 −73.9 −65.8 −56.8 −47.0 −40.6 −32.0 −18.6 −3.9 +12.3 −139
chloroacetate C4H7ClO2 +1.0 25.4 37.5 50.4 65.2 74.0 86.0 103.8 123.8 144.2 −26
chloroglyoxylate C4H5ClO3 −5.1 +18.0 29.9 42.0 56.0 65.2 76.6 94.5 114.7 135.0
a-chloropropionate C5H9ClO2 +6.6 30.2 41.9 54.3 68.2 77.3 89.3 107.2 126.2 146.5
trans-cinnamate C11H12O2 87.6 108.5 134.0 150.3 169.2 181.2 196.0 219.3 245.0 271.0 12
3-Ethylcumene C11H16 28.3 55.5 68.8 83.6 99.9 110.2 124.3 145.4 168.2 193.0
4-Ethylcumene C11H16 31.5 58.4 72.0 86.7 103.3 113.8 127.2 148.3 171.8 195.8
Ethyl cyanoacetate C5H7NO2 67.8 93.5 106.0 119.8 133.8 142.1 152.8 169.8 187.8 206.0
Ethylcyclohexane C8H16 −14.5 +9.2 20.6 33.4 47.6 56.7 69.0 87.8 109.1 131.8 −111.3
Ethylcyclopentane C7H14 −32.2 −10.8 −0.1 +11.7 25.0 33.4 45.0 62.4 82.3 103.4 −138.6
Ethyl dichloroacetate C4H6Cl2O2 9.6 34.0 46.3 59.5 74.0 83.6 96.1 115.2 135.9 156.5
N,N-diethyloxamate C8H15NO3 76.0 106.3 121.7 137.7 154.4 166.0 180.3 202.8 226.5 252.0
N-Ethyldiphenylamine C14H15N 98.3 130.2 146.0 162.8 182.0 193.7 209.8 233.0 258.8 286.0
Ethylene C2H4 −168.3 −158.3 −153.2 −147.6 −141.3 −137.3 −131.8 −123.4 −113.9 −103.7 −169
Ethylene-bis-(chloroacetate) C6H8Cl2O4 112.0 142.4 158.0 173.5 191.0 201.8 215.0 237.3 259.5 283.5
Ethylene chlorohydrin (2-chloroethanol) C2H5ClO −4.0 +19.0 30.3 42.5 56.0 64.1 75.0 91.8 110.0 128.8 −69
diamine (1,2-ethanediamine) C2H8N2 −11.0 +10.5 21.5 33.0 45.8 53.8 62.5 81.0 99.0 117.2 8.5
dibromide (1,2-dibromethane) C2H4Br2 −27.0 +4.7 18.6 32.7 48.0 57.9 70.4 89.8 110.1 131.5 10
dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane) C2H4Cl2 −44.5 −24.0 −13.6 −2.4 +10.0 18.1 29.4 45.7 64.0 82.4 −35.3
glycol (1,2-ethanediol) C2H6O2 53.0 79.7 92.1 105.8 120.0 129.5 141.8 158.5 178.5 197.3 −15.6
glycol diethyl ether C6H14O2 −33.5 −10.2 +1.6 14.7 29.7 39.0 51.8 71.8 94.1 119.5
(1,2-diethoxyethane)
glycol dimethyl ether C4H10O2 −48.0 −26.2 −15.3 −3.0 +10.7 19.7 31.8 50.0 70.8 93.0
(1,2-dimethoxyethane)
glycol monomethyl ether C3H8O2 −13.5 +10.2 22.0 34.3 47.8 56.4 68.0 85.3 104.3 124.4
(2-methoxyethanol)
oxide C2H4O −89.7 −73.8 −65.7 −56.6 −46.9 −40.7 −32.1 −19.5 −4.9 +10.7 −111.3
Ethyl a-ethylacetoacetate C8H14O3 40.5 67.3 80.2 94.6 110.3 120.6 133.8 153.2 175.6 198.0
fluoride C2H5F −117.0 −103.8 −97.7 −90.0 −81.8 −76.4 −69.3 −58.0 −45.5 −32.0
formate C3H6O2 −60.5 −42.2 −33.0 −22.7 −11.5 −4.3 −5.4 20.2 37.1 54.3 −79

(Continued)
2.331
2.332

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
2-furoate C7H8O3 37.6 63.8 77.1 91.5 107.5 117.5 130.4 150.1 172.5 195.0 34
glycolate C4H8O3 14.3 38.8 50.5 63.9 78.1 87.6 99.8 117.8 138.0 158.2
3-Ethylhexane C8H18 −20.0 +2.1 12.8 25.0 38.5 47.1 58.9 76.7 97.0 118.5
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate C11H20O2 50.0 77.7 91.8 106.3 123.7 134.0 147.9 168.2 192.2 216.0
Ethylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethane) C2H4Cl2 −60.7 −41.9 −32.3 −21.9 −10.2 −2.9 +7.2 22.4 39.8 57.4 −96.7
fluoride (1,1-difluoroethane) C2H4F2 −112.5 −98.4 −91.7 −84.1 −75.8 −70.4 −63.2 −52.0 −39.5 −26.5 −117
Ethyl iodide C2H5I −54.4 −34.3 −24.3 −13.1 −0.9 +7.2 18.0 34.1 52.3 72.4 −105
Ethyl l-leucinate C8H17NO2 27.8 57.3 72.1 88.0 106.0 117.8 131.8 149.8 167.3 184.0
Ethyl levulinate C7H12O3 47.3 74.0 87.3 101.8 117.7 127.6 141.3 160.2 183.0 206.2
Ethyl mercaptan (ethanethiol) C2H6S −76.7 −59.1 −50.2 −40.7 −29.8 −22.4 −13.0 +1.5 17.7 35.0 −121
Ethyl methylcarbamate C4H9NO2 26.5 51.0 63.2 76.1 91.0 100.0 112.0 130.0 149.8 170.0
Ethyl methyl ether C3H8O −91.0 −75.6 −67.8 −59.1 −49.4 −43.3 −34.8 −22.0 −7.8 +7.5
1-Ethylnaphthalene C12H12 70.0 101.4 116.8 133.8 152.0 164.1 180.0 204.6 230.8 258.1 −27
Ethyl a-naphthyl ketone
(1-propionaphthone) C13H12O 124.0 155.5 171.0 188.1 206.9 218.2 233.5 255.5 280.2 306.0
Ethyl 3-nitrobenzoate C9H9NO4 108.1 140.2 155.0 173.6 192.6 205.0 220.3 244.6 270.6 298.0 47
3-Ethylpentane C7H16 −37.8 −17.0 −6.8 +4.7 17.5 25.7 36.9 53.8 73.0 93.5 −118.6
4-Ethylphenetole C10H14O 48.5 75.7 89.5 103.8 119.8 129.8 143.5 163.2 185.7 208.0
2-Ethylphenol C8H10O 46.2 73.4 87.0 101.5 117.9 127.9 141.8 161.6 184.5 207.5 −45
3-Ethylphenol C8H10O 60.0 86.8 100.2 114.5 130.0 139.8 152.0 171.8 193.3 214.0 −4
4-Ethylphenol C8H10O 59.3 86.5 100.2 115.0 131.3 141.7 154.2 175.0 197.4 219.0 46.5
Ethyl phenyl ether (phenetole) C8H10O 18.1 43.7 56.4 70.3 86.6 95.4 108.4 127.9 149.8 172.0 −30.2
Ethyl propionate C5H10O2 −28.0 −7.2 +3.4 14.3 27.2 35.1 45.2 61.7 79.8 99.1 −72.6
Ethyl propyl ether C5H12O −64.3 −45.0 −35.0 −24.0 −12.0 −4.0 +6.8 23.3 41.6 61.7
Ethyl salicylate C9H10O3 61.2 90.0 104.2 119.3 136.7 147.6 161.5 183.7 207.0 231.5 1.3
3-Ethylstyrene C10H12 28.3 55.0 68.3 82.8 99.2 109.6 123.2 144.0 167.2 191.5
4-Ethylstyrene C10H12 26.0 52.7 66.3 80.8 97.3 107.6 121.5 142.0 165.0 189.0
Ethylisothiocyanate C3H5NS 13.2 +10.6 22.8 36.1 50.8 59.8 71.9 90.0 110.1 131.0 −5.9
2-Ethyltoluene C9H12 9.4 34.8 47.6 61.2 76.4 86.0 99.0 119.0 141.4 165.1
3-Ethyltoluene C9H12 7.2 32.3 44.7 58.2 73.3 82.9 95.9 115.5 137.8 161.3 −95.5
4-Ethyltoluene C9H12 7.6 32.7 44.9 58.5 73.6 83.2 96.3 116.1 136.4 162.0
 Ethyl trichloroacetate C4H5Cl3O2 20.7 45.5 57.7 70.6 85.5 94.4 107.4 125.8 146.0 167.0
Ethyltrimethylsilane C5H14Si −60.6 −41.4 −31.8 −21.0 −9.0 −1.2 +9.2 25.0 42.8 62.0
Ethyltrimethyltin C5H14Sn −30.0 −7.6 +3.8 16.1 30.0 38.4 50.0 67.3 87.6 108.8
Ethyl isovalerate C7H14O2 −6.1 +17.0 28.7 41.3 55.2 64.0 75.9 93.8 114.0 134.3 −99.3
2-Ethyl-1,4-xylene C10H14 25.7 52.0 65.6 79.8 96.0 106.2 120.0 140.2 163.1 186.9
4-Ethyl-1,3-xylene C10H14 26.3 53.0 66.4 80.6 97.2 107.4 121.2 141.8 164.4 188.4
5-Ethyl-1,3-xylene C10H14 22.1 48.8 62.1 76.5 92.6 103.0 116.5 137.4 159.6 183.7
Eugenol C10H12O2 78.4 108.1 123.0 138.7 155.8 167.3 182.2 204.7 228.3 253.5
iso-Eugenol C10H12O2 86.3 117.0 132.4 149.0 167.0 178.2 194.0 217.2 242.3 267.5 −10
Eugenyl acetate C12H14O3 101.6 132.3 148.0 164.2 183.0 194.0 209.7 232.5 257.4 282.0 295
Fencholic acid C10H16O2 101.7 128.7 142.3 155.8 171.8 181.5 194.0 215.0 237.8 264.1 19
d-Fenchone C10H16O 28.0 54.7 68.3 83.0 99.5 109.8 123.6 144.0 166.8 191.0 5
dl-Fenchyl alcohol C10H18O 45.8 70.3 82.1 95.6 110.8 120.2 132.3 150.0 173.2 201.0 35
Fluorene C13H10 129.3 146.0 164.2 185.2 197.8 214.7 240.3 268.6 295.0 113
Fluorobenzene C6H5F −43.4 −22.8 −12.4 −1.2 +11.5 19.6 30.4 47.2 65.7 84.7 −42.1
2-Fluorotoluene C7H7F −24.2 −2.2 +8.9 21.4 34.7 43.7 55.3 73.0 92.8 114.0 −80
3-Fluorotoluene C7H7F −22.4 −0.3 +11.0 23.4 37.0 45.8 57.5 75.4 95.4 116.0 −110.8
4-Fluorotoluene C7H7F −21.8 +0.3 11.8 24.0 37.8 46.5 58.1 76.0 96.1 117.0
Formaldehyde CH2O −88.0 −79.6 −70.6 −65.0 −57.3 −46.0 −33.0 −19.5 −92
Formamide CH3NO 70.5 96.3 109.5 122.5 137.5 147.0 157.5 175.5 193.5 210.5
Formic acid CH2O2 −20.0 −5.0 +2.1 10.3 24.0 32.4 43.8 61.4 80.3 100.6 8.2
trans-Fumaryl chloride C4H2Cl2O2 +15.0 38.5 51.8 65.0 79.5 89.0 101.0 120.0 140.0 160.0
Furfural (2-furaldehyde) C5H4O2 18.5 42.6 54.8 67.8 82.1 91.5 103.4 121.8 141.8 161.8
Furfuryl alcohol C5H6O2 31.8 56.0 68.0 81.0 95.7 104.0 115.9 133.1 151.8 170.0
Geraniol C10H18O 69.2 96.8 110.0 125.6 141.8 151.5 165.3 185.6 207.8 230.0
Geranyl acetate C12H20O2 73.5 102.7 117.9 133.0 150.0 160.3 175.2 196.3 219.8 243.3
Geranyl n-butyrate C14H24O2 96.8 125.2 139.0 153.8 170.1 180.2 193.8 214.0 235.0 257.4
Geranyl isobutyrate C14H24O2 90.9 119.6 133.0 147.9 164.0 174.0 187.7 207.6 228.5 251.0
Geranyl formate C11H18O2 61.8 90.3 104.3 119.8 136.2 147.2 160.7 182.6 205.8 230.0
Glutaric acid C5H8O4 155.5 183.8 196.0 210.5 226.3 235.5 247.0 265.0 283.5 303.0 97.5
Glutaric anhydride C5H6O3 100.8 133.3 149.5 166.0 185.5 196.2 212.5 236.5 261.0 287.0
Glutaronitrile C5H6N2 91.3 123.7 140.0 156.5 174.6 189.5 205.5 230.0 257.3 286.2
Glutaryl chloride C5H6Cl2O2 56.1 84.0 97.8 112.3 128.3 139.1 151.8 172.4 195.3 217.0
Glycerol C3H8O3 125.5 153.8 167.2 182.2 198.0 208.0 220.1 240.0 263.0 290.0 17.9
Glycerol dichlorohydrin C3H6Cl2O 28.0 52.2 64.7 78.0 93.0 102.0 114.8 133.3 153.5 174.3
(1,3-dichloro-2-propanol)
Glycol diacetate C6H10O4 38.3 64.1 77.1 90.8 106.1 115.8 128.0 147.8 168.3 190.5 −31

(Continued)
2.333
2.334

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
Glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,6-dione) C4H4O4 103.0 116.6 132.0 148.6 158.2 173.2 194.0 217.0 240.0 97
Guaicol (2-methoxyphenol) C7H8O2 52.4 79.1 92.0 106.0 121.6 131.0 144.0 162.7 184.1 205.0 28.3
Heneicosane C21H44 152.6 188.0 205.4 223.2 243.4 255.3 272.0 296.5 323.8 350.5 40.4
Heptacosane C27H56 211.7 248.6 266.8 284.6 305.7 318.3 333.5 359.4 385.0 410.6 59.5
Heptadecane C17H36 115.0 145.2 160.0 177.7 195.8 207.3 223.0 247.8 274.5 303.0 22.5
Heptaldehyde (enanthaldehyde) C7H14O 12.0 32.7 43.0 54.0 66.3 74.0 84.0 102.0 125.5 155.0 −42
n-Heptane C7H16 −34.0 −12.7 −2.1 +9.5 22.3 30.6 41.8 58.7 78.0 98.4 −90.6
Heptanoic acid (enanthic acid) C7H14O2 78.0 101.3 113.2 125.6 139.5 148.5 160.0 179.5 199.6 221.5 −10
1-Heptanol C7H16O 42.4 64.3 74.7 85.8 99.8 108.0 119.5 136.6 155.6 175.8 34.6
Heptanoyl chloride (enanthyl chloride) C7H13ClO 34.2 54.6 64.6 75.0 86.4 93.5 102.7 116.3 130.7 145.0
2-Heptene C7H14 −35.8 −14.1 −3.5 +8.3 21.5 30.0 41.3 58.6 78.1 98.5
Heptylbenzene C13H20 64.0 94.6 110.0 126.0 144.0 154.8 170.2 193.3 217.8 244.0
Heptyl cyanide (enanthonitrile) C7H13N 21.0 47.8 61.6 76.3 92.6 103.0 116.8 137.7 160.0 184.6
Hexachlorobenzene C6Cl6 114.4 149.3 166.4 185.7 206.0 219.0 235.5 258.5 283.5 309.4 230
Hexachloroethane C2Cl6 32.7 49.8 73.5 87.6 102.3 112.0 124.2 143.1 163.8 185.6 186.6
Hexacosane C26H54 204.0 240.0 257.4 275.8 295.2 307.8 323.2 348.4 374.6 399.8 56.6
Hexadecane C16H34 105.3 135.2 149.8 164.7 181.3 193.2 208.5 231.7 258.3 287.5 18.5
1-Hexadecene C16H32 101.6 131.7 146.2 162.0 178.8 190.8 205.3 226.8 250.0 274.0 4
n-Hexadecyl alcohol (cetyl alcohol) C16H34O 122.7 158.3 177.8 197.8 219.8 234.3 251.7 280.2 312.7 344.0 49.3
n-Hexadecylamine (cetylamine) C16H35N 123.6 157.8 176.0 195.7 215.7 228.8 245.8 272.2 300.4 330.0
Hexaethylbenzene C18H30 134.3 150.3 168.0 187.7 199.7 216.0 241.7 268.5 298.3 130
n-Hexane C6H14 −53.9 −34.5 −25.0 −14.1 −2.3 +5.4 15.8 31.6 49.6 68.7 −95.3
1-Hexanol C6H14O 24.4 47.2 58.2 70.3 83.7 92.0 102.8 119.6 138.0 157.0 −51.6
2-Hexanol C6H14O 14.6 34.8 45.0 55.9 67.9 76.0 87.3 103.7 121.8 139.9
3-Hexanol C6H14O +2.5 25.7 36.7 49.0 62.2 70.7 81.8 98.3 117.0 135.5
1-Hexene C6H12 −57.5 −38.0 −28.1 −17.2 −5.0 +2.8 13.0 29.0 46.8 66.0 −98.5
n-Hexyl levulinate C11H20O3 90.0 120.0 134.7 150.2 167.8 179.0 193.6 215.7 241.0 266.8
n-Hexyl phenyl ketone C13H18O 100.0 130.3 145.5 161.0 178.9 189.8 204.2 225.0 248.3 271.3
(enanthophenone)
Hydrocinnamic acid C9H10O2 102.2 133.5 148.7 165.0 183.3 194.0 209.0 230.8 255.0 279.8 48.5
Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid) CHN −71.0 −55.3 −47.7 −39.7 −30.9 −25.1 −17.8 −5.3 +10.2 25.9 −13.2
 Hydroquinone C6H6O2 132.4 153.3 163.5 174.6 192.0 203.0 216.5 238.0 262.5 286.2 170.3
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde C7H6O2 121.2 153.2 169.7 186.8 206.0 217.5 233.5 256.8 282.6 310.0 115.5
α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid C4H8O3 73.5 98.5 110.5 123.8 138.0 146.4 157.7 175.2 193.8 212.0 79
α-Hydroxybutyronitrile C5H9NO 41.0 65.8 77.8 90.7 104.8 113.9 125.0 142.0 159.8 178.8
4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone C5H10O2 44.6 69.3 81.0 94.0 108.2 117.4 129.0 146.5 165.5 185.0
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone C6H12O2 22.0 46.7 58.8 72.0 86.7 96.0 108.2 126.8 147.5 167.9 −47
3-Hydroxypropionitrile C3H5NO 58.7 87.8 102.0 117.9 134.1 144.7 157.7 178.0 200.0 221.0
Indene C9H8 16.4 44.3 58.5 73.9 90.7 100.8 114.7 135.6 157.8 181.6 −2
Iodobenzene C6H5I 24.1 50.6 64.0 78.3 94.4 105.0 118.3 139.8 163.9 188.6 −28.5
Iodononane C9H19I 70.0 96.2 109.0 123.0 138.1 147.7 159.8 179.0 199.3 219.5
2-Iodotoluene C7H7I 37.2 65.9 79.8 95.6 112.4 123.8 138.1 160.0 185.7 211.0
α-Ionone C13H20O 79.5 108.8 123.0 139.0 155.6 166.3 181.2 202.5 225.2 250.0
Isoprene C5H8 −79.8 −62.3 −53.3 −43.5 −32.6 −25.4 −16.0 −1.2 +15.4 32.6 −146.7
Lauraldehyde C12H24O 77.7 108.4 123.7 140.2 157.8 168.7 184.5 207.8 231.8 257.0 44.5
Lauric acid C12H24O2 121.0 150.6 166.0 183.6 201.4 212.7 227.5 249.8 273.8 299.2 48
Levulinaldehyde C5H8O2 28.1 54.9 68.0 82.7 98.3 108.4 121.8 142.0 164.0 187.0
Levulinic acid C5H8O3 102.0 128.1 141.8 154.1 169.5 178.0 190.2 208.3 227.4 245.8 33.5
d-Limonene C10H16 14.0 40.4 53.8 68.2 84.3 94.6 108.3 128.5 151.4 175.0 −96.9
Linalyl acetate C12H20O2 55.4 82.5 96.0 111.4 127.7 138.1 151.8 173.3 196.2 220.0
Maleic anhydride C4H2O3 44.0 63.4 78.7 95.0 111.8 122.0 135.8 155.9 179.5 202.0 58
Menthane C10H20 +9.7 35.7 48.3 62.7 78.3 88.6 102.1 122.7 146.0 169.5
1-Menthol C10H20O 56.0 83.2 96.0 110.3 126.1 136.1 149.4 168.3 190.2 212.0 42.5
Menthyl acetate C12H22O2 57.4 85.8 100.0 115.4 132.1 143.2 156.7 178.8 202.8 227.0
benzoate C17H24O2 123.2 154.2 170.0 186.3 204.3 215.8 230.4 253.2 277.1 301.0 54.5
formate C11H20O2 47.3 75.8 90.0 105.8 123.0 133.8 148.0 169.8 194.2 219.0
Mesityl oxide C6H10O −8.7 +14.1 26.0 37.9 51.7 60.4 72.1 90.0 109.8 130.0 −59
Methacrylic acid C4H6O2 25.5 48.5 60.0 72.7 86.4 95.3 106.6 123.9 142.5 161.0 15
Methacrylonitrile C4H5N −44.5 −23.3 −12.5 −0.6 +12.8 21.5 32.8 50.0 70.3 90.3
Methane CH4 −205.9 −119.0 −195.5 −191.8 −187.7 −185.1 −181.4 −175.5 −168.8 −161.5 −182.5
Methanethiol CH4S −90.7 −75.3 −67.5 −58.8 −49.2 −43.1 −34.8 −22.1 −7.9 +6.8 −121
Methoxyacetic acid C3H6O3 52.5 79.3 92.0 106.5 122.0 131.8 144.5 163.5 184.2 204.0
N-Methylacetanilide C9H11NO 103.8 118.6 135.1 152.2 164.2 179.8 202.3 227.4 253.0 102
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 −57.2 −38.6 −29.3 −19.1 −7.9 −0.5 +9.4 24.0 40.0 57.8 −98.7
acetylene (propyne) C3H4 −111.0 −97.5 −90.5 −82.9 −74.3 −68.8 −61.3 −49.8 −37.2 −23.3 −102.7
acrylate C4H6O2 −43.7 −23.6 −13.5 −2.7 +9.2 17.3 28.0 43.9 61.8 80.2
alcohol (methanol) CH4O −44.0 −25.3 −16.2 −6.0 +5.0 12.1 21.2 34.8 49.9 64.7 −97.8
Methylamine CH5N −95.8 −81.3 −73.8 −65.9 −56.9 −51.3 −43.7 −32.4 −19.7 −6.3 −93.5

(Continued)
2.335
2.336

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
N-Methylaniline C7H9N 36.0 62.8 76.2 90.5 106.0 115.8 129.8 149.3 172.0 195.5 −57
Methyl anthranilate C8H9NO2 77.6 109.0 124.2 141.5 159.7 172.0 187.8 212.4 238.5 266.5 24
benzoate C8H8O2 39.0 64.4 77.3 91.8 107.8 117.4 130.8 151.4 174.7 199.5 −12.5
2-Methylbenzothiazole C8H7NS 70.0 97.5 111.2 125.5 141.2 150.4 163.9 183.2 204.5 225.5 15.4
α-Methylbenzyl alcohol C8H10O 49.0 75.2 88.0 102.1 117.8 127.4 140.3 159.0 180.7 204.0
Methyl bromide CH3Br −96.3 −80.6 −72.8 −64.0 −54.2 −48.0 −39.4 −26.5 −11.9 +3.6 −93
2-Methyl-l-butene C5H10 −89.1 −72.8 −64.3 −54.8 −44.1 −37.3 −28.0 −13.8 +2.5 20.2 −135
2-Methyl-2-butene C5H10 −75.4 −57.0 −47.9 −37.9 −26.7 −19.4 −9.9 +4.9 21.6 38.5 −133
Methyl isobutyl carbinol (2-methyl-
4-pentanol) C6H14O −0.3 +22.1 33.3 45.4 58.2 67.0 78.0 94.9 113.5 131.7
n-butyl ketone (2-hexanone) C6H12O +7.7 28.8 38.8 50.0 62.0 69.8 79.8 94.3 111.0 127.5 −56.9
isobutyl ketone (4-methyl-2-pentanone) C6H12O −1.4 +19.7 30.0 40.8 52.8 60.4 70.4 85.6 102.0 119.0 −84.7
n-butyrate C5H10O2 −26.8 −5.5 +5.0 16.7 29.6 37.4 48.0 64.3 83.1 102.3
isobutyrate C5H10O2 −34.1 −13.0 −2.9 +8.4 21.0 28.9 39.6 55.7 73.6 92.6 −84.7
caprate C11H22O2 63.7 93.5 108.0 123.0 139.0 148.6 161.5 181.6 202.9 224.0 −18
caproate C7H14O2 +5.0 30.0 42.0 55.4 70.0 79.7 91.4 109.8 129.8 150
caprylate C9H18O2 34.2 61.7 74.9 89.0 105.3 115.3 128.0 148.1 170.0 193.0 −40
chloride CH3Cl −99.5 −92.4 −84.8 −76.0 −70.4 −63.0 −51.2 −38.0 −24.0 −97.7
chloroacetate C3H5ClO2 −2.9 19.0 30.0 41.5 54.5 63.0 73.5 90.5 109.5 130.3 −31.9
cinnamate C10H10O2 77.4 108.1 123.0 140.0 157.9 170.0 185.8 209.6 235.0 263.0 33.4
α-Methylcinnamic acid C10H10O2 125.7 155.0 169.8 185.2 201.8 212.0 224.8 245.0 266.8 288.0
Methylcyclohexane C7H14 −35.9 −14.0 −3.2 +8.7 22.0 30.5 42.1 59.6 79.6 100.9 −126.4
Methylcyclopentane C8H12 −53.7 −33.8 −23.7 −12.8 −0.6 +7.2 17.9 34.0 52.3 71.8 −142.4
Methylcyclopropane C4H8 −96.0 −80.6 −72.8 −64.0 −54.2 −48.0 −39.3 −26.0 −11.3 +4.5
Methyl n-decyl ketone (n-dodecan-2-one) C12H24O 77.1 106.0 120.4 136.0 152.4 163.8 177.5 199.0 222.5 246.5
dichloroacetate C3H4Cl2O2 3.2 26.7 38.1 50.7 64.7 73.6 85.4 103.2 122.6 143.0
N-Methyldiphenylamine C13H13N 103.5 134.0 149.7 165.8 184.0 195.4 210.1 232.8 257.0 282.0 −7.6
Methyl n-dodecyl ketone (2-tetradecanone) C14H28O 99.3 130.0 145.5 161.3 179.8 191.4 206.0 228.2 253.3 278.0
Methylene bromide (dibromomethane) CH2Br2 −35.1 −13.2 −2.4 +9.7 23.3 31.6 42.3 58.5 79.0 98.6 −52.8
chloride (dichloromethane) CH2Cl2 −70.0 −52.1 −43.3 −33.4 −22.3 −15.7 −6.3 +8.0 24.1 40.7 −96.7
 Methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) C4H8O −48.3 −28.0 −17.7 −6.5 +6.0 14.0 25.0 41.6 60.0 79.6 −85.9
2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane C8H18 −24.0 −1.8 +9.5 21.7 35.2 43.9 55.7 73.6 94.0 115.6 −114.5
3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane C8H18 −23.9 −1.4 +9.9 22.3 36.2 45.0 57.1 75.3 96.2 118.3 −90
Methyl fluoride CH3F −147.3 −137.0 −131.6 −125.9 −119.1 −115.0 −109.0 −99.9 −89.5 −78.2
formate C2H4O2 −74.2 −57.0 −48.6 −39.2 −28.7 −21.9 −12.9 +0.8 16.0 32.0 −99.8
a-Methylglutaric anhydride C6H8O3 93.8 125.4 141.8 157.7 177.5 189.9 205.0 229.1 255.5 282.5
Methyl glycolate C3H6O3 +9.6 33.7 45.3 58.1 72.3 81.8 93.7 111.8 131.7 151.5
2-Methylheptadecane C18H38 119.8 152.0 168.7 186.0 204.8 216.3 231.5 254.5 279.8 306.5
2-Methylheptane C8H18 −21.0 +1.3 12.3 24.4 37.9 46.6 58.3 76.0 96.2 117.6 −109.5
3-Methylheptane C8H18 −19.8 +2.6 13.3 25.4 38.9 47.6 59.4 77.1 97.4 118.9 −120.8
4-Methylheptane C8H18 −20.4 +1.5 12.4 24.5 38.0 46.6 58.3 76.1 96.3 117.7 −121.1
2-Methyl-2-heptene C8H16 −16.1 +6.7 17.8 30.4 44.0 52.8 64.6 82.3 102.2 122.5
6-Methyl-3-hepten-2-ol C8H16O 41.6 65.0 76.7 89.3 102.7 111.5 122.6 139.5 156.6 175.5
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol C8H16O 41.9 66.0 77.8 90.4 104.0 112.8 123.8 140.0 156.6 174.3
2-Methylhexane C7H16 −40.4 −19.5 −9.1 +2.3 14.9 23.0 34.1 50.8 69.8 90.0 −118.2
3-Methylhexane C7H16 −39.0 −18.1 −7.8 +3.6 16.4 24.5 35.6 52.4 71.6 91.9
Methyl iodide CH3I −55.0 −45.8 −35.6 −24.2 −16.9 −7.0 +8.0 25.3 42.4 −64.4
laurate C13H26O2 87.8 117.9 133.2 149.0 166.0 176.8 190.8 5
levulinate C6H10O3 39.8 66.4 79.7 93.7 109.5 119.3 133.0 153.4 175.8 197.7
methacrylate C5H8O2 −30.5 −10.0 +1.0 11.0 25.5 34.5 47.0 63.0 82.0 101.0
myristate C15H30O2 115.0 145.7 160.8 177.8 195.8 207.5 222.6 245.3 269.8 295.8 18.5
a-naphthyl ketone (1-acetonaphthone) C12H10O 115.6 146.3 161.5 178.4 196.8 208.6 223.8 246.7 270.5 295.5
b-naphthyl ketone (2-acetonaphthone) C12H10O 120.2 152.3 168.5 185.7 203.8 214.7 229.8 251.6 275.8 301.0 55.5
n-nonyl ketone (undecan-2-one) C11H22O 68.2 95.5 108.9 123.1 139.0 148.6 161.0 181.2 202.3 224.0 15
palmitate C17H34O2 134.3 166.8 184.3 202.0 30
n-pentadecyl ketone (2-heptdecanone) C17H34O 129.6 161.6 178.0 196.4 214.3 226.7 242.0 265.8 291.7 319.5
2-Methylpentane C6H14 −60.9 −41.7 −32.1 −21.4 −9.7 −1.9 +8.1 24.1 41.6 60.3 −154
3-Methylpentane C6H14 −59.0 −39.8 −30.1 −19.4 −7.3 +0.1 10.5 26.5 44.2 63.3 −118
2-Methyl-1-pentanol C6H14O 15.4 38.0 49.6 61.6 74.7 83.4 94.2 111.3 129.8 147.9
2-Methyl-2-pentanol C6H14O −4.5 +16.8 27.6 38.8 51.3 58.8 69.2 85.0 102.6 121.2 −103
Methyl n-pentyl ketone (2-heptanone) C7H14O 19.3 43.6 55.5 67.7 81.2 89.8 100.0 116.1 133.2 150.2
phenyl ether (anisole) C7H8O +5.4 30.0 42.2 55.8 70.7 80.1 93.0 112.3 133.8 155.5 −37.3
2-Methylpropene C4H8 −105.1 −96.5 −81.9 −73.4 −63.8 −57.7 −49.3 −36.7 −22.2 −6.9 −140.3
Methyl propionate C4H8O2 −42.0 −21.5 −11.8 −1.0 +11.0 18.7 29.0 44.2 61.8 79.8 −87.5
4-Methylpropiophenone C10H12O 59.6 89.3 103.8 120.2 138.0 149.3 164.2 187.4 212.7 238.5
2-Methylpropionyl bromide C4H7BrO 13.5 38.4 50.6 64.1 79.4 88.8 101.6 120.5 141.7 163.0
Methyl propyl ether C4H10O −72.2 −54.3 −45.4 −35.4 −24.3 −17.4 −8.1 +6.0 22.5 39.1

(Continued)
2.337
2.338

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
n-propyl ketone (2-pentanone) C5H10O −12.0 +8.0 17.9 28.5 39.8 47.3 56.8 71.0 86.8 103.3 −77.8
isopropyl ketone (3-methyl-2-butanone) C5H10O −19.9 −1.0 +8.3 18.3 29.6 36.2 45.5 59.0 73.8 88.9 −92
2-Methylquinoline C10H9N 75.3 104.0 119.0 134.0 150.8 161.7 176.2 197.8 211.7 246.5 −1
Methyl salicylate C8H8O3 54.0 81.6 95.3 110.0 126.2 136.7 150.0 172.6 197.5 223.2 −8.3
a-Methyl styrene C9H10 7.4 34.0 47.1 61.8 77.8 88.3 102.2 121.8 143.0 165.4 −23.2
4-Methyl styrene C9H10 16.0 42.0 55.1 69.2 85.0 95.0 108.6 128.7 151.2 175.0
Methyl n-tetradecyl ketone
(2-hexadecanone) C16H32O 109.8 151.5 167.3 184.6 203.7 215.0 230.5 254.4 279.8 307.0
thiocyanate C2H3NS −14.0 +9.8 21.6 34.5 49.0 58.1 70.4 89.8 110.8 132.9 −51
isothiocyanate C2H3NS −34.7 −8.3 +5.4 20.4 38.2 47.5 59.3 77.5 97.8 119.0 35.5
undecyl ketone (2-tridecanone) C13H26O 86.8 117.0 131.8 147.8 165.7 176.6 191.5 214.0 238.3 262.5 28.5
isovalerate C6H12O2 −19.2 +2.9 14.0 26.4 39.8 48.2 59.8 77.3 96.7 116.7
Monovinylacetylene (butenyne) C4H4 −93.2 −77.7 −70.0 −61.3 −51.7 −45.3 −37.1 −24.1 −10.1 +5.3
Myrcene C10H16 14.5 40.0 53.2 67.0 82.6 92.6 106.0 126.0 148.3 171.5
Myristaldehyde C14H28O 99.0 132.0 148.3 166.2 186.0 198.3 214.5 240.4 267.9 297.8 23.5
Myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid) C14H28O2 142.0 174.1 190.8 207.6 223.5 237.2 250.5 272.3 294.6 318.0 57.5
Napthalene C10H8 52.6 74.2 85.8 101.7 119.3 130.2 145.5 167.7 193.2 217.9 80.2
1-Naphthoic acid C11H8O2 156.0 184.0 196.8 211.2 225.0 234.5 245.8 263.5 281.4 300.0 160.5
2-Naphthoic acid C11H8O2 160.8 189.7 202.8 216.9 231.5 241.3 252.7 270.3 289.5 308.5 184
1-Naphthol C10H8O 94.0 125.5 142.0 158.0 177.8 190.0 206.0 229.6 255.8 282.5 96
2-Naphthol C10H8O 128.6 145.5 161.8 181.7 193.7 209.8 234.0 260.6 288.0 122.5
1-Naphthylamine C10H9N 104.3 137.7 153.8 171.6 191.5 203.8 220.0 244.9 272.2 300.8 50
2-Naphthylamine C10H9N 108.0 141.6 157.6 175.8 195.7 208.1 224.3 249.7 277.4 306.1 111.5
Nicotine C10H14N2 61.8 91.8 107.2 123.7 142.1 154.7 169.5 193.8 219.8 247.3
2-Nitroaniline C6H6N2O2 104.0 135.7 150.4 167.7 186.0 197.8 213.0 236.3 260.0 284.5 71.5
3-Nitroaniline C6H6N2O2 119.3 151.5 167.8 185.5 204.2 216.5 232.1 255.3 280.2 305.7 114
4-Nitroaniline C6H6N2O2 142.4 177.6 194.4 213.2 234.2 245.9 261.8 284.5 310.2 336.0 146.5
2-Nitrobenzaldehyde C7H5NO3 85.8 117.7 133.4 150.0 168.8 180.7 196.2 220.0 246.8 273.5 40.9
3-Nitrobenzaldehyde C7H5NO3 96.2 127.4 142.8 159.0 177.7 189.5 204.3 227.4 252.1 278.3 58
Nitrobenzene C6H5NO2 44.4 71.6 84.9 99.3 115.4 125.8 139.9 161.2 185.8 210.6 +5.7
Nitroethane C2H5NO2 −21.0 +1.5 12.5 24.8 38.0 46.5 57.8 74.8 94.0 114.0 −90
 Nitroglycerin C3H5N3O9 127 167 188 210 235 251 11
Nitromethane CH3NO2 −29.0 −7.9 +2.8 14.1 27.5 35.5 46.6 63.5 82.0 101.2 −29
2-Nitrophenol C6H5NO3 49.3 76.8 90.4 105.8 122.1 132.6 146.4 167.6 191.0 214.5 45
2-Nitrophenyl acetate C8H7NO4 100.0 128.0 142.0 155.8 172.8 181.7 194.1 213.0 233.5 253.0
1-Nitropropane C3H7NO2 −9.6 +13.5 25.3 37.9 51.8 60.5 72.3 90.2 110.6 131.6 −108
2-Nitropropane C3H7NO2 −18.8 4.1 15.8 28.2 41.8 50.3 62.0 80.0 99.8 120.3 −93
2-Nitrotoluene C7H7NO2 50.0 79.1 93.8 109.6 126.3 137.6 151.5 173.7 197.7 222.3 −4.1
3-Nitrotoluene C7H7NO2 50.2 1.0 96.0 112.8 130.7 142.5 156.9 180.3 206.8 231.9 15.5
4-Nitrotoluene C7H7NO2 53.7 85.0 100.5 117.7 136.0 147.9 163.0 186.7 212.5 238.3 51.9
4-Nitro-1,3-xylene (4-nitro-m-xylene) C8H9NO2 65.6 95.0 109.8 125.8 143.3 153.8 168.5 191.7 217.5 244.0 +2
Nonacosane C29H60 234.2 260.8 286.4 303.6 323.2 334.8 350.0 373.2 397.2 421.8 63.8
Nona lecane C19H40 133.3 166.3 183.5 200.8 220.0 232.8 248.0 271.8 299.8 330.0 32
n-Nonane C9H20 +1.4 25.8 38.0 51.2 66.0 75.5 88.1 107.5 128.2 150.8 −53.7
1-Nonanol C9H20O 59.5 86.1 99.7 113.8 129.0 139.0 151.3 170.5 192.1 213.5 −5
2-Nonanone C9H18O 32.1 59.0 72.3 87.2 103.4 113.8 127.4 148.2 171.2 195.0 −19
Octacosane C28H58 226.5 260.3 277.4 295.4 314.2 326.8 341.8 364.8 388.9 412.5 61.6
Octadecane C18H38 119.6 152.1 169.6 187.5 207.4 219.7 236.0 260.6 288.0 317.0 28
n-Octane C8H18 −14.0 +8.3 19.2 31.5 45.1 53.8 65.7 83.6 104.0 125.6 −56.8
n-Octanol (1-octanol) C8H18O 54.0 76.5 88.3 101.0 115.2 123.8 135.2 152.0 173.8 195.2 −15.4
2-Octanone C8H18O 23.6 48.4 60.9 74.3 89.8 90.0 111.7 130.4 151.0 172.9 −16
n-Octyl acrylate C11H20O2 58.5 87.7 102.0 117.8 135.6 145.6 159.1 180.2 204.0 227.0
iodide (1-Iodooctane) C8H17I 45.8 74.8 90.0 105.9 123.8 135.4 150.0 173.3 199.3 225.5 −45.9
Oleic acid C18H34O2 176.5 208.5 223.0 240.0 257.2 269.8 286.0 309.8 334.7 360.0 14
Palmitaldehyde C16H32O 121.6 154.6 171.8 190.0 210.0 222.6 239.5 264.1 292.3 321.0 34
Palmitic acid C16H32O2 153.6 188.1 205.8 223.8 244.4 256.0 271.5 298.7 326.0 353.8 64.0
Palmitonitrile C16H31N 134.3 168.3 185.8 204.2 223.8 236.6 251.5 277.1 304.5 332.0 31
Pelargonic acid C9H18O2 108.2 126.0 137.4 149.8 163.7 172.3 184.4 203.1 227.5 253.5 12.5
Pentachlorobenzene C6HCl5 98.6 129.7 144.3 160.0 178.5 190.1 205.5 227.0 251.6 276.0 85.5
Pentachloroethane C2HCl5 +1.0 27.2 39.8 53.9 69.9 80.0 93.5 114.0 137.2 160.5 −22
Pentachloroethylbenzene C6H5Cl5 96.2 130.0 148.0 166.0 186.2 199.0 216.0 241.8 269.3 299.0
Pentachlorophenol C6HCl5O 192.2 211.2 223.4 239.6 261.8 285.0 309.3 188.5
Pentacosane C25H52 194.2 230.0 248.2 266.1 285.6 298.4 314.0 339.0 365.4 390.3 53.3
Pentadecane C15H32 91.6 121.0 135.4 150.2 167.7 178.4 194.0 216.1 242.8 270.5 10
1,3-Pentadiene C5H8 −71.8 −53.8 −45.0 −34.8 −23.4 −16.5 −6.7 +8.0 24.7 42.1
1,4-Pentadiene C5H8 −83.5 −66.2 −57.1 −47.7 −37.0 −30.0 −20.6 −6.7 +8.3 26.1
Pentaethylbenzene C16H26 86.0 120.0 135.8 152.4 171.9 184.2 200.0 224.1 250.2 277.0
Pentaethylchlorobenzene C16H25Cl 90.0 183.8 140.7 158.1 178.2 191.0 208.0 230.3 257.2 285.0

(Continued)
2.339
2.340

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
n-Pentane C5H12 −76.6 −62.5 −50.1 −40.2 −29.2 −22.2 −12.6 +1.9 18.5 36.1 −129.7
iso-Pentane (2-methylbutane) C5H12 −82.9 −65.8 −57.0 −47.3 −36.5 −29.6 −20.2 −5.9 +10.5 27.8 −159.7
neo-Pentane (2,2-dimethylpropane) C5H12 −102.0 −85.4 −76.7 −67.2 −56.1 −49.0 −39.1 −23.7 −7.1 +9.5 −16.6
2,3,4-Pentanetriol C5H12O3 155.0 159.3 204.5 220.5 239.6 249.8 263.5 284.5 307.0 327.2
1-Pentene C5H10 −80.4 −63.3 −54.5 −46.0 −34.1 −27.1 −17.7 −3.4 +12.8 30.1
a-Phellandrene C10H16 20.0 45.7 58.0 72.1 87.8 97.6 110.6 130.6 152.0 175.0
Phenanthrene C14H10 118.2 154.3 173.0 193.7 215.8 229.9 249.0 277.1 308.0 340.2 99.5
Phenethyl alcohol (phenyl cellosolve) C8H10O2 58.2 85.9 100.0 114.8 130.5 141.2 154.0 175.0 197.5 219.5
2-Phenetidine C8H11NO 67.0 94.7 108.6 123.7 139.9 149.8 163.5 184.0 207.0 228.0
Phenol C6H6O 40.1 62.5 73.8 86.0 100.1 108.4 121.4 139.0 160.0 181.9 40.6
2-Phenoxyethanol C8H10O2 78.0 196.6 121.2 136.0 152.2 163.2 176.5 197.6 221.0 245.3 11.6
2-Phenoxyethyl acetate C10H12O3 82.6 143.5 128.0 144.5 162.3 174.0 189.2 211.3 235.0 259.7 −6.7
Phenyl acetate C8H8O2 38.2 64.8 78.0 92.3 108.1 118.1 131.6 151.2 173.5 195.9
Phenylacetic acid C8H8O2 97.0 127.0 141.3 156.0 173.6 184.5 198.2 219.5 243.0 265.5 76.5
Phenylacetonitrile C8H7N 60.0 89.0 103.5 119.4 136.3 147.7 161.8 184.2 208.5 233.5 −23.8
Phenylacetyl chloride C8H7ClO 48.0 75.3 89.0 103.6 119.8 129.8 143.5 163.8 186.0 210.0
Phenyl benzoate C13H10O2 106.8 141.5 157.8 177.0 197.6 210.8 277.8 254.0 283.5 314.0 70.5
4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one C10H10O 81.7 112.2 127.4 143.8 161.3 172.6 187.8 211.0 235.4 261.0 41.5
Phenyl isocyanate C7H5NO 10.6 36.0 48.5 62.5 77.7 87.7 100.6 120.8 142.7 165.6
isocyanide C7H5N 12.0 37.0 49.7 63.4 78.3 88.0 101.0 120.8 142.3 165.0
Phenylcyclohexane C12H16 67.5 96.5 111.3 126.4 144.0 154.2 169.3 191.3 214.6 240.0 +75
Phenyl dichlorophosphate C6H5Cl2O2P 66.7 95.9 110.0 125.9 143.4 153.6 168.0 189.8 213.0 239.5
m-Phenylene diamine
(1,3-phenylenediamine) C6H8N2 99.8 131.2 147.0 163.8 182.5 194.0 209.9 233.0 259.0 285.5 62.8
Phenylglyoxal C8H6O2 75.0 87.8 100.7 115.5 124.2 136.2 153.8 173.5 193.5 73
Phenylhydrazine C6H8N2 75.8 101.6 115.8 131.5 148.2 158.7 173.5 195.4 218.2 243.5 19.5
N-Phenyliminodiethanol C10H15NO2 145.0 170.2 195.8 213.4 233.0 245.3 260.6 284.5 311.3 337.8
1-Phenyl-1,3-pentanedione C11H12O2 98.0 128.5 144.0 159.9 178.0 189.8 204.5 226.7 251.2 276.5
2-Phenylphenol C12H10O 100.0 131.6 146.2 163.3 180.3 192.2 205.9 227.9 251.8 275.0 56.5
4-Phenylphenol C12H10O 176.2 193.8 213.0 225.3 240.9 263.2 285.5 308.0 164.5
3-Phenyl-1-propanol C9H12O 74.7 102.4 116.0 131.2 147.4 156.8 170.3 191.2 212.8 235.0
 Phenyl isothiocyanate C7H5NS 47.2 75.6 89.8 115.5 122.5 133.3 147.7 169.6 194.0 218.5 −21.0
Phorone C9H14O 42.0 63.3 81.5 95.6 111.3 121.4 134.0 153.5 175.3 197.2 28
iso-Phorone C9H14O 38.0 66.7 81.2 96.8 114.5 125.6 140.6 163.3 188.7 215.2
Phosgene (carbonyl chloride) CCl2O −92.9 −77.0 −69.3 −60.3 −50.3 −44.0 −35.6 −22.3 −7.6 +8.3 −104
Phthalic anhydride C8H4O3 96.5 124.3 134.0 151.7 172.0 185.3 202.3 228.0 256.8 284.5 130.8
Phthalide C8H6O2 95.5 127.7 144.0 161.3 181.0 193.5 210.0 234.5 261.8 290.0 73
Phthaloyl chloride C8H4Cl2O2 86.3 118.3 134.2 151.0 170.0 182.2 197.8 222.0 248.3 275.8 88.5
2-Picoline C6H7N −11.1 +12.6 24.4 37.4 51.2 59.9 71.4 89.0 108.4 128.8 −70
Pimelic acid C7H12O4 163.4 196.2 212.0 229.3 247.0 258.2 272.0 294.5 318.5 342.1 103
a-Pinene C10H16 −1.0 +24.6 37.3 51.4 66.8 76.8 90.1 110.2 132.3 155.0 −55
b-Pinene C10H16 +4.2 30.0 42.3 58.1 71.5 81.2 94.0 114.1 136.1 158.3
Piperidine C5H11N −7.0 +3.9 15.8 29.2 37.7 49.0 66.2 85.7 106.0 −9
Piperonal C8H6O3 87.0 117.4 132.0 148.0 165.7 177.0 191.7 214.3 238.5 263.0 37
Propane C3H8 −128.9 −115.4 −108.5 −100.9 −92.4 −87.0 −79.6 −68.4 −55.6 −42.1 −187.1
Propenylbenzene C9H10 17.5 43.8 57.0 71.5 87.7 97.8 111.7 132.0 154.7 179.0 −30.1
Propionamide C3H7NO 65.0 91.0 105.0 119.0 134.8 144.3 156.0 174.2 194.0 213.0 79
Propionic acid C3H6O2 4.6 28.0 39.7 52.0 65.8 74.1 85.8 102.5 122.0 141.1 −22
anhydride C6H10O3 20.6 45.3 57.7 70.4 85.6 94.5 107.2 127.8 146.0 167.0 −45
Propionitrile C3H5N −35.0 −13.6 −3.0 +8.8 22.0 30.1 41.4 58.2 77.7 97.1 −91.9
Propiophenone C9H10O 50.0 77.9 92.2 107.6 124.3 135.0 149.3 170.2 194.2 218.0 21
n-Propyl acetate C5H10O2 −26.7 −5.4 +5.0 16.0 28.8 37.0 47.8 64.0 82.0 101.8 −92.5
iso-Propyl acetate C5H10O2 −38.3 −17.4 −7.2 +4.2 17.0 25.1 35.7 51.7 69.8 89.0
n-Propyl alcohol (1-propanol) C3H8O −15.0 +5.0 14.7 25.3 36.4 43.5 52.8 66.8 82.0 97.8 −127
iso-Propyl alcohol (2-propanol) C3H8O −26.1 −7.0 +2.4 12.7 23.8 30.5 39.5 53.0 67.8 82.5 −85.8
n-Propylamine C3H9N −64.4 −46.3 −37.2 −27.1 −16.0 −9.0 +0.5 15.0 31.5 48.5 −83
Propylbenzene C9H12 6.3 31.3 43.4 56.8 71.6 81.1 94.0 113.5 135.7 159.2 −99.5
Propyl benzoate C10H12O2 54.6 83.8 98.0 114.3 131.8 143.3 157.4 180.1 205.2 231.0 −51.6
n-Propyl bromide (1-bromopropane) C3H7Br −53.0 −33.4 −23.3 −12.4 −0.3 +7.5 18.0 34.0 52.0 71.0 −109.9
iso-Propyl bromide (2-bromopropane) C3H7Br −61.8 −42.5 −32.8 −22.0 −10.1 −2.5 +8.0 23.8 41.5 60.0 −89.0
n-Propyl n-butyrate C7H14O2 −1.6 +22.1 34.0 47.0 61.5 70.3 82.6 101.0 121.7 142.7 −95.2
isobutyrate C7H14O2 −6.2 +16.8 28.3 40.6 54.3 63.0 73.9 91.8 112.0 133.9
iso-Propyl isobutyrate C7H14O2 −16.3 +5.8 17.0 29.0 42.4 51.4 62.3 80.2 100.0 120.5
Propyl carbamate C4H9NO2 52.4 77.6 90.0 103.2 117.7 126.5 138.3 155.8 175.8 195.0
n-Propyl chloride (1-chloropropane) C3H7Cl −68.3 −50.0 −41.0 −31.0 −19.5 −12.1 −2.5 +12.2 29.4 46.4 −112.8
iso-Propyl chloride (2-chloropropane) C3H7Cl −78.8 −61.1 −52.0 −42.0 −31.0 −23.5 −13.7 +1.3 18.1 36.5 −117
iso-Propyl chloroacetate C5H9ClO2 +3.8 28.1 40.2 53.9 68.7 78.0 90.3 108.8 128.0 148.6
Propyl chloroglyoxylate C5H7ClO3 9.7 32.3 43.5 55.6 68.8 77.2 88.0 104.7 123.0 150.0

(Continued)
2.341
2.342

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
Propylene C3H6 −131.9 −120.7 −112.1 −104.7 −96.5 −91.3 −84.1 −73.3 −60.9 −47.7 −185
Propylene glycol (1,2-Propanediol) C3H8O2 45.5 70.8 83.2 96.4 111.2 119.9 132.0 149.7 168.1 188.2
Propylene oxide C3H6O −75.0 −57.8 −49.0 −39.3 −28.4 −21.3 −12.0 +2.1 17.8 34.5 −112.1
n-Propyl formate C4H8O2 −43.0 −22.7 −12.6 −1.7 +10.8 18.8 29.5 45.3 62.6 81.3 −92.9
iso-Propyl formate C4H8O2 −52.0 −32.7 −22.7 −12.1 −0.2 +7.5 17.8 33.6 50.5 68.3
4,4′-iso-Propylidenebisphenol C15H16O2 193.0 224.2 240.8 255.5 273.0 282.9 297.0 317.5 339.0 360.5
n-Propyl iodide (1-iodopropane) C3H7I −36.0 −13.5 −2.4 +10.0 23.6 32.1 43.8 61.8 81.8 102.5 −98.8
iso-Propyl iodide (2-iodopropane) C3H7I −43.3 −22.1 −11.7 0.0 +13.2 21.6 32.8 50.0 69.5 89.5 −90
n-Propyl levulinate C8H14O3 59.7 86.3 99.9 114.0 130.1 140.6 154.0 175.6 198.0 221.2
iso-Propyl levulinate C8H14O3 48.0 74.5 88.0 102.4 118.1 127.8 141.8 161.6 185.2 208.2
Propyl mercaptan (1-propanethiol) C3H8S −56.0 −36.3 −26.3 −15.4 −3.2 +4.6 15.3 31.5 49.2 67.4 −112
2-iso-Propylnaphthalene C13H14 76.0 107.9 123.4 140.3 159.0 171.4 187.6 211.8 238.5 266.0
iso-Propyl b-naphthyl ketone C14H14O 133.2 165.4 181.0 197.7 215.6 227.0 242.3 264.0 288.2 313.0
(2-isobutyronaphthone)
2-iso-Propylphenol C9H12O 56.6 83.8 97.0 111.7 127.5 137.7 150.3 170.1 192.6 214.5 15.5
3-iso-Propylphenol C9H12O 62.0 90.3 104.1 119.8 136.2 146.6 160.2 182.0 205.0 228.0 26
4-iso-Propylphenol C9H12O 67.0 94.7 108.0 123.4 139.8 149.7 163.3 184.0 206.1 228.2 61
Propyl propionate C6H12O2 −14.2 +8.0 19.4 31.6 45.0 53.8 65.2 82.7 102.0 122.4 −76
4-iso-Propylstyrene C11H14 34.7 62.3 76.0 91.2 108.0 118.4 132.8 153.9 178.0 202.5
Propyl isovalerate C8H16O2 +8.0 32.8 45.1 58.0 72.8 82.3 95.0 113.9 135.0 155.9
Pulegone C10H16O 58.3 82.5 94.0 106.8 121.7 130.2 143.1 162.5 189.8 221.0
Pyridine C5H5N −18.9 +2.5 13.2 24.8 38.0 46.8 57.8 75.0 95.6 115.4 −42
Pyrocatechol C6H6O2 104.0 118.3 134.0 150.6 161.7 176.0 197.7 221.5 245.5 105
Pyrocaltechol diacetate C10H10O4 98.0 129.8 145.7 161.8 179.8 191.6 206.5 228.7 253.3 278.0
(1,2-phenylene diacetate)
Pyrogallol C6H6O3 151.7 167.7 185.3 204.2 216.3 232.0 255.3 281.5 309.0 133
Pyrotartaric anhydride C5H6O3 69.7 99.7 114.2 130.0 147.8 158.6 173.8 196.1 221.0 247.4
Pyruvic acid C3H4O3 21.4 45.8 57.9 70.8 85.3 94.1 106.5 124.7 144.7 165.0 13.
Quinoline C9H7N 59.7 89.6 103.8 119.8 136.7 148.1 163.2 186.2 212.3 237.7 −15.
iso-Quinoline C9H7N 63.5 92.7 107.8 123.7 141.6 152.0 167.6 190.0 214.5 240.5 24.
Resorcinol C6H6O2 108.4 138.0 152.1 168.0 185.3 195.8 209.8 230.8 253.4 276.5 110.
 Safrole C10H10O2 63.8 93.0 107.6 123.0 140.1 150.3 165.1 186.2 210.0 233.0 11
Salicylaldehyde C7H6O2 33.0 60.1 73.8 88.7 105.2 115.7 129.4 150.0 173.7 196.5 −7
Salicylic acid C7H6O3 113.7 136.0 146.2 156.8 172.2 182.0 193.4 210.0 230.5 256.0 159
Sebacic acid C10H18O4 183.0 215.7 232.0 250.0 268.2 279.8 294.5 313.2 332.8 352.3 134.
Selenophene C4H4Se −39.0 −16.0 −4.0 +9.1 24.1 33.8 47.0 66.7 89.8 114.3
Skatole C9H9N 95.0 124.2 139.6 154.3 171.9 183.6 197.4 218.8 242.5 266.2 95
Stearaldehyde C18H36O 140.0 174.6 192.1 210.6 230.8 244.2 260.0 285.0 313.8 342.5 63.5
Stearic acid C18H36O2 173.7 209.0 225.0 243.4 263.3 275.5 291.0 316.5 343.0 370.0 69.3
Stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol) C18H36O 150.3 185.6 202.0 220.0 240.4 252.7 269.4 293.5 320.3 349.5 58.5
Styrene C8H8 −7.0 +18.0 30.8 44.6 59.8 69.5 82.0 101.3 122.5 145.2 −30.6
Styrene dibromide [(1,2-dibromoethyl) C8H8Br2 86.0 115.6 129.8 145.2 161.8 172.2 186.3 207.8 230.0 245.0
benzene]
Suberic acid C8H14O4 172.8 205.5 219.5 238.2 254.6 265.4 279.8 300.5 322.8 345.5 142
Succinic anhydride C4H4O3 92.0 115.0 128.2 145.3 163.0 174.0 189.0 212.0 237.0 261.0 119.6
Succinimide C4H5NO2 115.0 143.2 157.0 174.0 192.0 203.0 217.4 240.0 263.5 287.5 125.5
Succinyl chloride C4H4Cl2O2 39.0 65.0 78.0 91.8 107.5 117.2 130.0 149.3 170.0 192.5 17
a-Terpineol C10H18O 52.8 80.4 94.3 109.8 126.0 136.3 150.1 171.2 194.3 217.5 35
Terpenoline C10H16 32.3 58.0 70.6 84.8 100.0 109.8 122.7 142.0 163.5 185.0
1,1,1,2-Tetrabromoethane C2H2Br4 58.0 83.3 95.7 108.5 123.2 132.0 144.0 161.5 181.0 200.0
1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane C2H2Br4 65.0 95.5 110.0 126.0 144.0 155.1 170.0 192.5 217.5 243.5
Tetraisobutylene C16H32 63.8 93.7 108.5 124.5 142.2 152.6 167.5 190.0 214.6 240.0
Tetracosane C24H50 183.8 219.6 237.6 255.3 276.3 288.4 305.2 330.5 358.0 386.4 51.1
1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene C6H2Cl4 68.5 99.6 114.7 131.2 149.2 160.0 175.7 198.0 225.5 254.0 46.5
1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene C6H2Cl4 58.2 89.0 104.1 121.6 140.0 152.0 168.0 193.7 220.0 246.0 54.5
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene C6H2Cl4 146.0 157.7 173.5 196.0 220.5 245.0 139
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2Cl4F2 −37.5 −16.0 −5.0 +6.7 19.8 28.1 33.6 55.0 73.1 92.0 2
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane C2H2Cl4 −16.3 +7.4 19.3 32.1 46.7 56.0 68.0 87.2 108.2 130.5 −6
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane C2H2Cl4 −3.8 +20.7 33.0 46.2 60.8 70.0 83.2 102.2 124.0 145.9
1,2,3,5-Tetrachloro-4-ethylbenzene C8H6Cl4 77.0 110.0 126.0 143.7 162.1 175.0 191.6 215.3 243.0 270.0 −3
Tetrachloroethylene C2Cl4 −20.6 +2.4 13.8 26.3 40.1 49.2 61.3 79.8 100.0 120.8 −1
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol C6H2Cl4O 100.0 130.3 145.5 161.0 179.1 190.0 205.2 227.2 250.4 275.0 69
3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,2-xylene C8H6Cl4 94.4 125.0 140.3 156.0 174.2 185.8 200.5 223.0 248.3 273.5
Tetradecane C14H30 76.4 106.0 120.7 135.6 152.7 164.0 178.5 201.8 226.8 252.5 5
Tetradecylamine C14H31N 102.6 135.8 152.0 170.0 189.0 200.2 215.7 239.8 264.6 291.2
Tetradecyltrimethylsilane C17H38Si 120.0 150.7 166.2 183.5 201.5 213.3 227.8 250.0 275.0 300.0
Tetraethoxysilane C8H20O4Si 16.0 40.3 52.6 65.8 81.1 90.7 103.6 123.5 146.2 168.5
1,2,3,4-Tetraethylbenzene C14H22 65.7 96.2 111.6 127.7 145.8 156.7 172.4 196.0 221.4 248.0 11

(Continued)
2.343
2.344

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
Tetraethylene glycol C8H18O5 153.9 183.7 197.1 212.3 228.0 237.8 250.0 268.4 288.0 307.8
Tetraethylene glycol chlorohydrin C8H17ClO4 110.1 141.8 156.1 172.6 190.0 200.5 214.7 236.5 258.2 281.5
Tetraethyllead C8H20Pb 38.4 63.6 74.8 88.0 102.4 111.7 123.8 142.0 161.8 183.0 −136
Tetraethylsilane C8H20Si −1.0 +23.9 36.3 50.0 65.3 74.8 88.0 108.0 130.2 153.0
Tetralin C10H12 38.0 65.3 79.0 93.8 110.4 121.3 135.3 157.2 181.8 207.2 −31
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene C10H14 42.6 68.7 81.8 95.8 111.5 121.8 135.7 155.7 180.0 204.4 −6
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene C10H14 40.6 65.8 77.8 91.0 105.8 115.4 128.3 149.9 173.7 197.9 −24
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene C10H14 45.0 65.0 74.6 88.0 104.2 114.8 128.1 149.5 172.1 195.9 79
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane C8H18 −17.4 +3.2 13.5 24.6 36.8 44.5 54.8 70.2 87.4 106.3 −102
Tetramethylene dibromide C4H8Br2 32.0 58.8 72.4 87.6 104.0 115.1 128.7 149.8 173.8 197.5 −20
(1,4-dibromobutane)
Tetramethyllead C4H12Pb −29.0 −6.8 +4.4 16.6 30.3 39.2 50.8 68.8 89.0 110.0 −27
Tetramethyltin C4H12Sn −51.3 −31.0 −20.6 −9.3 +3.5 11.7 22.8 39.8 58.5 78.0
Tetrapropylene glycol monoisopropyl ether C15H32O15 116.6 147.8 163.0 179.8 197.7 209.0 223.3 245.0 268.3 292.7
Thioacetic acid (mercaptoacetic acid) C2H4O2S 60.0 87.7 101.5 115.8 131.8 142.0 154.0 −16.5
Thiodiglycol (2,2′-thiodiethanol) C4H10O2S 42.0 96.0 128.0 165.0 210.0 240.5 285
Thiophene C4H4S −40.7 −20.8 −10.9 0.0 +12.5 20.1 30.5 46.5 64.7 84.4 −38.3
Thiophenol (benzenethiol) C6H6S 18.6 43.7 56.0 69.7 84.2 93.9 106.6 125.8 146.7 168.0
a-Thujone C10H16O 38.3 65.7 79.3 93.7 110.0 120.2 134.0 154.2 177.8 201.0
Thymol C10H14O 64.3 92.8 107.4 122.6 139.8 149.8 164.1 185.5 209.6 231.8
Tiglaldehyde C5H8O −25.0 −1.6 +10.0 23.2 37.0 45.8 57.7 75.4 95.5 116.8 51
Tiglic acid C5H8O2 52.0 77.8 90.2 103.8 119.0 127.8 140.5 158.0 179.2 198.5 64
Tiglonitrile C5H7N −25.5 −2.4 +9.2 22.1 36.7 46.0 58.2 77.8 99.7 122.0
Toluene C7H8 −26.7 −4.4 +6.4 18.4 31.8 40.3 51.9 69.5 89.5 110.6 −95
Toluene-2,4-diamine C7H10N2 106.5 137.2 151.7 167.9 185.7 196.2 211.5 232.8 256.0 280.0 99
2-Toluic nitrile (2-tolunitrile) C8H7N 36.7 64.0 77.9 93.0 110.0 120.8 135.0 156.0 180.0 205.2 −13
4-Toluic nitrile (4-tolunitrile) C8H7N 42.5 71.3 85.8 101.7 109.5 130.0 145.2 167.3 193.0 217.6 29
2-Toluidine C7H9N 44.0 69.3 81.4 95.1 110.0 119.8 133.0 153.0 176.2 199.7 −16
3-Toluidine C7H9N 41.0 68.0 82.0 96.7 113.5 123.8 136.7 157.6 180.6 203.3 −31
4-Toluidine C7H9N 42.0 68.2 81.8 95.8 111.5 121.5 133.7 154.0 176.9 200.4 44
2-Tolyl isocyanide C8H7N 25.2 51.0 64.0 78.2 94.0 104.0 117.7 137.8 159.9 183.5
 4-Tolylhydrazine C7H10N2 82.4 110.0 123.8 138.6 154.1 165.0 178.0 198.0 219.5 242.0 65.5
Tribromoacetaldehyde C2HBr3O 18.5 45.0 58.0 72.1 87.8 97.5 110.2 130.0 151.6 174.0
1,1,2-Tribromobutane C4H7Br3 45.0 73.5 87.8 103.2 120.2 131.6 146.0 167.8 192.0 216.2
1,2,2-Tribromobutane C4H7Br3 41.0 69.0 83.2 98.6 116.0 127.0 141.8 163.5 188.0 213.8
2,2,3-Tribromobutane C4H7Br3 38.2 66.0 79.8 94.6 111.8 122.2 136.3 157.8 182.2 206.5
1,1,2-Tribromoethane C2H3Br3 32.6 58.0 70.6 84.2 100.0 110.0 123.5 143.5 165.4 188.4 −26
1,2,3-Tribromopropane C3H5Br3 47.5 75.8 90.0 105.8 122.8 134.0 148.0 170.0 195.0 220.0 16.5
Triisobutylamine C12H27N 32.3 57.4 69.8 83.0 97.8 107.3 119.7 138.0 157.8 179.0 −22
Triisobutylene C12H24 18.0 44.0 56.5 70.0 86.7 96.7 110.0 130.2 153.0 179.0
2,4,6-Tritertbutylphenol C18H30O 95.2 126.1 142.0 158.0 177.4 188.0 203.0 226.2 250.6 276.3
Trichloroacetic acid C2HCl3O2 51.0 76.0 88.2 101.8 116.3 125.9 137.8 155.4 175.2 195.6 57
Trichloroacetic anhydride C4Cl6O3 56.2 85.3 99.6 114.3 131.2 141.8 155.2 176.2 199.8 223.0
Trichloroacetyl bromide C2BrCl3O −7.4 +16.7 29.3 42.1 57.2 66.7 79.5 98.4 120.2 143.0
2,4,6-Trichloroaniline C6H4Cl3N 134.0 157.8 170.0 182.6 195.8 204.5 214.6 229.8 246.4 262.0 78
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene C6H3Cl3 40.0 70.0 85.6 101.8 119.8 131.5 146.0 168.2 193.5 218.5 52.5
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene C6H3Cl3 38.4 67.3 81.7 97.2 114.8 125.7 140.0 162.0 187.7 213.0 17
1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene C6H3Cl3 63.8 78.0 93.7 110.8 121.8 136.0 157.7 183.0 208.4 63.5
1,2,3-Trichlorobutane C4H7Cl3 +0.5 27.2 40.0 55.0 71.5 82.0 96.2 118.0 143.0 169.0
1,1,1-Trichloroethane C2H3Cl3 −52.0 −32.0 −21.9 −10.8 +1.6 9.5 20.0 36.2 54.6 74.1 −30.6
1,1,2-Trichloroethane C2H3Cl3 −24.0 −2.0 +8.3 21.6 35.2 44.0 55.7 73.3 93.0 113.9 −36.7
Trichloroethylene C2HCl3 −43.8 −22.8 −12.4 −1.0 +11.9 20.0 31.4 48.0 67.0 86.7 −73
Trichlorofluoromethane CCl3F −84.3 −67.6 −59.0 −49.7 −39.0 −32.3 −23.0 −9.1 +6.8 23.7
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol C6H3Cl3O 72.0 102.1 117.3 134.0 151.5 162.5 178.0 201.5 226.5 251.8 62
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol C6H3Cl3O 76.5 105.9 120.2 135.8 152.2 163.5 177.8 199.0 222.5 246.0 68.
Tri-2-chlorophenylthiophosphate C18H12Cl3O3 188.2 217.2 231.2 246.7 261.7 271.5 283.8 302.8 322.0 341.3
PS
1,1,1-Trichloropropane C3H5Cl3 −28.8 −7.0 +4.2 16.2 29.9 38.3 50.0 67.7 87.5 108.2 −77.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane C3H5Cl3 +9.0 33.7 46.0 59.3 74.0 83.6 96.1 115.6 137.0 158.0 −14.
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane C2Cl3F3 −68.0 −49.4 −40.3 −30.0 −18.5 −11.2 −1.7 +13.5 30.2 47.6 −35
Tricosane C23H48 170.0 206.3 223.0 242.0 261.3 273.8 289.8 313.5 339.8 366.5 47.
Tridecane C13H28 59.4 98.3 104.0 120.2 137.7 148.2 162.5 185.0 209.4 234.0 −6.2
Tridecanoic acid C13H26O2 137.8 166.3 181.0 195.8 212.4 222.0 236.0 255.2 276.5 299.0 41
Triethoxymethylsilane C7H18O3Si −1.5 +22.8 34.6 47.2 61.7 70.4 82.7 101.0 121.8 143.5
Triethoxyphenylsilane C12H20O3Si 71.0 98.8 112.6 127.2 143.5 153.2 167.5 188.0 210.5 233.5
1,2,4-Triethylbenzene C12H18 46.0 74.2 88.5 104.0 121.7 132.2 146.8 168.3 193.7 218.0
1,3,4-Triethylbenzene C12H18 47.9 76.0 90.2 105.8 122.6 133.4 147.7 168.3 193.2 217.5

(Continued)
2.345
2.346

TABLE 2.37 Boiling Points of Common Organic Compounds at Selected Pressures (Continued)

Pressure, mm Hg
Melting
Compound 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760
Point,
Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
Triethylborine C6H15B −148.0 −140.6 −131.4 −125.2 −116.0 −101.0 −81.0 −56.2
Triethyl camphoronate C15H26O6 150.2 166.0 183.6 201.8 213.5 228.6 250.8 276.0 301.0 135
citrate C12H20O7 107.0 138.7 144.0 171.1 190.4 202.5 217.8 242.2 267.5 294.0
Triethyleneglycol C6H14O4 114.0 144.0 158.1 174.0 191.3 201.5 214.6 235.2 256.6 278.3
Triethylheptylsilane C13H30Si 70.0 99.8 114.6 130.3 148.0 158.2 174.0 196.0 221.0 247.0
Triethyloctylsilane C14H32Si 73.7 104.8 120.6 137.7 155.7 168.0 184.3 208.0 235.0 262.0
Triethyl orthoformate C7H16O3 +5.5 29.2 40.5 53.4 67.5 76.0 88.0 106.0 125.7 146.0
phosphate C6H15O4P 39.6 67.8 82.1 97.8 115.7 126.3 141.6 163.7 187.0 211.0
Triethylthallium C6H15Tl +9.3 37.6 51.7 67.7 85.4 95.7 112.1 136.0 163.5 192.1 −63.0
Trifluorophenylsilane C6H5F3Si −31.0 −9.7 +0.8 12.3 25.4 33.2 44.2 60.1 78.7 98.3
Trimethallyl phosphate C12H21PO4 93.7 131.0 149.8 169.8 192.0 207.0 225.7 255.0 288.5 324.0
2,3,5-Trimethylacetophenone C11H14O 79.0 108.0 122.3 137.5 154.2 165.7 179.7 201.3 224.3 247.5
Trimethylamine C3H9N −97.1 −81.7 −73.8 −65.0 −55.2 −48.8 −40.3 −27.0 −12.5 +2.9 −117
2,4,5-Trimethylaniline C9H13N 68.4 95.9 109.0 123.7 139.8 149.5 162.0 182.3 203.7 234.5 67
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene C9H12 16.8 42.9 55.9 69.9 85.4 95.3 108.8 129.0 152.0 176.1 −25
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene C9H12 13.6 38.3 50.7 64.5 79.8 89.5 102.8 122.7 145.4 169.2 −44
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene C9H12 9.6 34.7 47.4 61.0 76.1 85.8 98.9 118.6 141.0 164.7 −44
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane C7H16 −18.8 −7.5 +5.2 13.3 24.4 41.2 60.4 80.9 −25.
Trimethyl citrate C9H14O7 106.2 146.2 160.4 177.2 194.2 205.5 219.6 241.3 264.2 287.0 78.
Trimethyleneglycol (1,3-propandiol) C3H8O2 59.4 87.2 100.6 115.5 131.0 141.1 153.4 172.8 193.8 214.2
1,2,4-Trimethyl-5-ethylbenzene C11H16 43.7 71.2 84.6 99.7 106.0 126.3 140.3 160.3 184.5 208.1
1,3,5-Trimethyl-2-ethylbenzene C11H16 38.8 67.0 80.5 96.0 113.2 123.8 137.9 158.4 183.5 208.0
2,2,3-Trimethylpentane C8H18 −29.0 −7.1 +3.9 16.0 29.5 38.1 49.9 67.8 88.2 109.8 −112.
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane C8H18 −36.5 −15.0 −4.3 +7.5 20.7 29.1 40.7 58.1 78.0 99.2 −107.
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane C8H18 −25.8 −3.9 +6.9 19.2 33.0 41.8 53.8 72.0 92.7 114.8 −101.
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane C8H18 −26.3 −4.1 +7.1 19.3 32.9 41.6 53.4 71.3 91.8 113.5 −109.
2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanone C8H16O 14.7 36.0 46.4 57.6 69.8 77.3 87.6 102.2 118.4 135.0
Trimethyl phosphate C3H9O4P 26.0 53.7 67.8 83.0 100.0 110.0 124.0 145.0 167.8 192.7
2,4,5-Trimethylstryene C11H14 48.1 77.0 91.6 107.1 124.2 135.5 149.8 171.8 196.1 221.2
2,4,6-Trimethylsytrene C11H14 37.5 65.7 79.7 94.8 111.8 122.3 136.8 157.8 182.3 207.0
Trimethylsuccinic anhydride C7H10O3 53.5 82.6 97.4 113.8 131.0 142.2 156.5 179.8 205.5 231.0
 Triphenylmethane C19H16 169.7 188.4 197.0 206.8 215.5 221.2 228.4 239.7 249.8 259.2 93.4
Triphenylphosphate C18H15O4P 193.5 230.4 249.8 269.7 290.3 305.2 322.5 349.8 379.2 413.5 49.4
Tripropyleneglycol C9H20O4 96.0 125.7 140.5 155.8 173.7 184.6 199.0 220.2 244.3 267.2
Tripropyleneglycol monobutyl ether C13H28O4 101.5 131.6 147.0 161.8 179.8 190.2 204.4 224.4 247.0 269.5
Tripropyleneglycol monoisopropyl ether C12H26O4 82.4 112.4 127.3 143.7 161.4 173.2 187.8 209.7 232.8 256.6
Tritolyl phosphate C21H21O4P 154.6 184.2 198.0 213.2 229.7 239.8 252.2 271.8 292.7 313.0
Undecane C11H24 32.7 59.7 73.9 85.6 104.4 115.2 128.1 149.3 171.9 195.8 −25.6
Undecanoic acid C11H22O2 101.4 133.1 149.0 166.0 185.6 197.2 212.5 237.8 262.8 290.0 29.5
10-Undecenoic acid C11H20O2 114.0 142.8 156.3 172.0 188.7 199.5 213.5 232.8 254.0 275.0 24.5
Undecan-2-ol C11H24O 71.1 99.0 112.8 127.5 143.7 153.7 167.2 187.7 209.8 232.0
n-Valeric acid C5H10O2 42.2 67.7 79.8 93.1 107.8 116.6 128.3 146.0 165.0 184.4 −34.5
iso-Valeric acid C5H10O2 34.5 59.6 71.3 84.0 98.0 107.3 118.9 136.2 155.2 175.1 −37.6
g-Valerolactone C5H8O2 37.5 65.8 79.8 95.2 101.9 122.4 136.5 157.7 182.3 207.5
Valeronitrile C5H9N −6.0 +18.1 30.0 43.3 57.8 66.9 78.6 97.7 118.7 140.8
Vanillin C8H8O3 107.0 138.4 154.0 170.5 188.7 199.8 214.5 237.3 260.0 285.0 81.5
Vinyl acetate C4H6O2 −48.0 −28.0 −18.0 −7.0 +5.3 13.0 23.3 38.4 55.5 72.5
2-Vinylanisole C9H10O 41.9 68.0 81.0 94.7 110.0 119.8 132.3 151.0 172.1 194.0
3-Vinylanisole C9H10O 43.4 69.9 83.0 97.2 112.5 122.3 135.3 154.0 175.8 197.5
4-Vinylanisole C9H10O 45.2 72.0 85.7 100.0 116.0 126.1 139.7 159.0 182.0 204.5
Vinyl chloride (1-chloroethylene) C2H3Cl −105.6 −90.8 −83.7 −75.7 −66.8 −61.1 −53.2 −41.3 −28.0 −13.8 −153.7
cyanide (acrylonitrile) C3H3N −51.0 −30.7 −20.3 −9.0 +3.8 11.8 22.8 38.7 58.3 78.5 −82
fluoride (1-fluoroethylene) C2H3F −149.3 −138.0 −132.2 −125.4 −118.0 −113.0 −106.2 −95.4 −84.0 −72.2 −160.5
Vinylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethene) C2H2Cl2 −77.2 −60.0 −51.2 −41.7 −31.1 −24.0 −15.0 −1.0 +14.8 31.7 −122.5
4-Vinylphenetole C10H12O 64.0 91.7 105.6 120.3 136.3 146.4 159.8 180.0 202.8 225.0
2-Xenyl dichlorophosphate C12H9Cl2PO 138.2 171.1 187.0 205.0 223.8 236.0 251.5 275.3 301.5 328.5
2,4-Xyaldehyde C9H10O 59.0 85.9 99.0 114.0 129.7 139.8 152.2 172.3 194.1 215.5 75
2-Xylene (2-xylene) C8H10 −3.8 +20.2 32.1 45.1 59.5 68.8 81.3 100.2 121.7 144.4 −25.2
3-Xylene (3-xylene) C8H10 −6.9 +16.8 28.3 41.1 55.3 64.4 76.8 95.5 116.7 139.1 −47.9
4-Xylene (4-xylene) C8H10 −8.1 +15.5 27.3 40.1 54.4 63.5 75.9 94.6 115.9 138.3 +13.3
2,4-Xylidine C8H11N 52.6 79.8 93.0 107.6 123.8 133.7 146.8 166.4 188.3 211.5
2,6-Xylidine C8H11N 44.0 72.6 87.0 102.7 120.2 131.5 146.0 168.0 193.7 217.9
2.347
2.314
2.348 SECTIONTWO
SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.38
2.36 Organic SolventsofArranged
Vapor Pressures by Boiling
Various Organic Points (Continued)
Compounds

Substance Eq Range. OC A B C
Trimethyl aluminum 1 64- 127 7.570 29 1 734.72 242.78
Trimethylamine 1 -80 to 3 6.857 55 955.94 237.52
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1 57-205 7.040 82 1 593.958 207.08
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1 52-198 7.043 83 1 573.257 208.56
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 1 49-193 7.074 36 1 569.622 209.58
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 1 - 19 to 106 6.792 30 1 200.563 226.05
Trimethylchlorosilane 1 2-55 7.055 8 1 245.5 240.7
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclohexane 1 55-137 6.839 51 1 394.88 215.73
1,1,2-TrimethyIcyclopentane 1 36-115 6.822 38 1 309.81 218.58
1,1,3-Trirnethylcyclopentane 1 29-106 6.809 31 1 275.92 219.89
1,2,4-TrimethylcycIopentane
cis, cis, trans 1 39-118 6.857 38 1 335.69 219.16
cis, trans, cis 1 33-110 6.851 3 1 307.10 219.92
1,3,5-Trirnethyl-2-ethylbenzene 1 88-210 6.790 8 1 505.8 174.7
1,4,5-Trimethyl-2-ethylbenzene 1 87-132 3.029 3 116.4 - 34.6
2,2,5-Trimethylhexane 1 46- 125 6.837 75 1 325.54 210.91
2,4,4-Trimethylhexane 1 51-131 6.856 54 1 371.81 214.40
Trimethylhydrazine 1 - 16 to 14 7.106 80 1 189.88 222.06
O,N,N-Trimethylhydroxylamine 1 -79 10 23 6.765 8 979.55 222.2
2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 1 6.825 46 1 294.88 218.42
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 1 24- 100 6.811 89 1 257.84 220.74
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1 6.843 53 1 328.05 220.38
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 1 36- 114 6.853 96 1 315.08 217.53
2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentme 1 - 3 to 128 6.834 57 1 273.416 220.62
2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentene 1 2-131 6.859 22 1 272.717 214.99
2,3,5-Trimethylphenol 1 186-247 7.080 12 1 685.90 166.14
Trimethylsilanol 1 18-85 8.126 6 1 657.6 219.2
2,4,5-Trimethylstyrene 1 79-216 7.331 5 1 880.7 205.7
2,4,6-Trimethylstyrene 1 90-208 7.089 1 1 702.61 195.93
1,2,4-Trinitrobenzene 1 250-300 3.194 87 ~ 199
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 1 202-3 12 5.534 5 993.6 11.2
2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene 1 249-342 9.621 1 4 987.9 329.9
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene 1 230-250 7.671 52 2 669.4 205.6
a-Trioxane 1 56-114 7.818 6 1 783.3 247.1
Trivinylarsine 1 22-66 7.894 1 2 115.6 293.9
Trivinyl bismuth 1 20-74 7.237 2 1 667.0 215.1
Trivinylphosphine 1 16-61 7.928 4 2 102.0 301.3
Trivinylstibine 1 20-70 8.322 1 2 446.3 303.8
Undecane 1 75-226 6.972 20 1 569.57 187.70
1-Undecanethiol 1 7.012 2 1 767.4 170.4
1-Undecene 1 72-222 6.966 77 1 563.21 189.87
Urethane 1 7.421 64 1 758.21 205.0
Vinyl acetate 1 22-72 7.210 1 1 296.13 226.66
o-Xylene 1 32-172 6.998 91 1 474.679 213.69
m-Xylene 1 28-166 7.009 08 1 462.266 215.1 I
p-Xylene 1 27-166 6.990 52 1 453.430 215.31
2,3-Xylenol 1 149-218 7.053 97 1 617.57 170.74
2,4-Xylenol 1 144-21 2 7.055 39 1 587.46 169.34
2,5-Xylenol 1 144-212 7.051 56 1 592.70 170.74
2,6-Xylenol 1 145-204 7.070 70 1 628.32 187.60
3,4-Xylenol 1 172-229 7.079 19 1 621.45 159.26
3,5-Xylenol 1 155- 223 7.130 76 1 639.86 164.16
 ORGANIC
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY 2.349
2.349

TABLE2.38
TABLE 2.38 Organic
OrganicSolvents
Solvents ArrangedbybyBoiling
Arranged BoilingPoints
Points(Continued)
(Continued)

Name BP, "C Name BP. "C

3-Methyl- 1-butanol 132.0 Phenol 181.8
Cyclohexylamine 134.8 2-Ethyl- 1-hexanol 184.3
2-Ethoxyethanol 134.8 Aniline 184.4
Ethylbenzene 136.2 Benzyl ethyl ether 185.0
1-Pentan01 138 Diethyl oxalate 185.4
p-Xylene 138.4 1,2-Propanediol 188
m-Xylene 139.1 Bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether 188.4
Acetic anhydride 140.0 Dimethyl sulfoxide 189.0
2,4-Pentanedione 140.6 1,2-Ethanediol diacetate 190.2
Isopentyl acetate 142 Benzonitrile 191.0
Dibutyl ether 142.4 2,s-Hexanedione 191.4
4-Heptanone 143.7 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)- 194.1
o-Xylene 144.4 ethanol
2-Methoxyethyl acetate 144.5 N,N-Dimethylaniline 194.2
lI1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 146.3 1-Octanol 195.2
3-Heptanone 147.8 1,2-Ethanediol 197.3
Tribromomethane 149.6 Diethyl malonate 199.3
Nonane 150.8 Methyl benzoate 199.5
2-Heptanone 151 o-Toluidine 200.4
Isopropylbenzene 152.4 p-Toluidine 200.6
N,N-Dimethylfonnamide 153.0 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)- 202
Methoxybenzene 153.8 ethanol
Ethyl lactate 154.5 Acetophenone 202.1
Cyclohexanone 155.7 1,2-Dibutoxyethane 203.6
Bromobenzene 156.2 1-Phenylethanol 203.9
1,2,3-Trichloropropane 156.9 rn-Toluidine 203.4
1-Hexanol 157.5 Benzyl alcohol 205.5
Propylbenzene 159.2 Camphor 207
Cyclohexanol 161.1 1,3-Butanediol 207.5
Bis(2methoxyethyl)ether 160 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro- 207.6
Isopentyl propionate 160.2 naphthalene
2-Heptanol 160.4 y-Valerolactone 207-208
Pentachloroethane 160.5 o-Chloroaniline 208.8
2-Furaldehyde 161.8 Nitrobenzene 210.8
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone 168.1 Ethyl benzoate 212.4
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl- 169.2 3,5,5-Trimethylcyclo- 215.2
2-pentanone hex-2-en-1-one
2-Furanmethanol 170.0 Naphthalene 217.7
Ethoxybenzene 170 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl 218.5
2-Butoxyethanol 170.2 acetate
Diisopentyl ether 173.4 Acetamide 221.2
Decane 174.2 Methyl salicylate 223.0
1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol 174.3 Diethyl maleate 225.3
Cyclohexyl acetate 174-175 1,4-Butanediol 230
1-Heptanol 175.8 Propyl benzoate 231.2
Furfuryl acetate 175-177 1-Decanol 230.2
1,3,3-Trimethyl- 177.4 Phenylacetonitrile 233.5
2-oxabicyclo- Quinoline 237
[2.2.2]octane Tributyl borate 238.5
4-Isopropyl- 177.1 Propylene carbonate 240
1methylbenzene 2-Phenoxyethanol 240
Isopentyl butyrate 178.6 Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether 245
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether 178.8 Dibutyl oxalate 245.5
2-Octanol 179 Butyl benzoate 250
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 180.4 1,2,3-Propanetriol 258-259
Ethyl acetoacetate 180.8 triacetate
(Continued)
(Continued)
2.350
2.350 TWO
SECTION TWO
SECTION

TABLE 2.38 Organic Solvents

2.38 Organic SolventsArranged
Arranged by Boiling
Boiling Points
Points (Continued)
(Continued)

Name BP, "C Name BP, "C

1-Chloronaphthalene 259.3 2,2'-(Ethylenedioxy)- 285
Isopentyl benzoate 262 bisethanol
Bis[2-(methoxyethoxy)- 275.3 Glycerol 290
ethyllether Diethyl o-phthalate 295
1 -Methoxy-2-nitrobenzene 271 Benzyl benzoate 323.5
Isopentyl salicylate 271-218 Dibutyl o-phthalate 340.0
1-Brornonaphthalene 281.1 Dibutyl decanedioate 344-345
Dimethyl o-phthalate 283.7

TABLE 2.39
TABLE Boiling Points
2.39 Boiling Points of
of n-Paraffins
n-Paraffins

Carbon
Carbon Boiling
Boiling Boiling
Boiling
number point. °C
point, OC point. °F
point, O F

55 36
36 97
97
66 69
69 156
156
77 98
98 209
209
88 126
126 258
258
99 151
151 303
303
10
10 174
174 345
345
11
11 196
196 385
385
12
12 216
216 42 1
421
13
13 235
235 456
456
14
14 253
253 488
488
15
15 27 1
271 519
519
16
16 287
287 548
548
17
17 302
302 576
576
18
18 317
317 602
602
19
19 331
331 627
627
20
20 344
344 65 1
651
21
21 356
356 674
674
22 369
369 696
696
23 380
380 716
716
24
24 391
391 736
736
25 402
402 755
755
26 412
412 774
774
27 422
422 792
792
28 432
432 809
809
29 44 1
441 825
825
30
30 450
450 84 1
841
31
31 459
459 858
858
32
32 468
468 874
874
33
33 476
476 889
889
34
34 483
483 901
901
35
35 491
49 1 916
916
36
36 498
498 928
928
37
37 505
505 941
94 1
38
38 512
512 958
958
39
39 518
518 964
964
40
40 525
525 977
977
41 531
531 988
988
42 537
537 999
999
43 543
543 1009
1009
44
44 548
548 1018
1018
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.351

2.6 FLAMMABILITY PROPERTIES

The flash point of a substance is the lowest temperature at which the substance gives off sufficient
vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface or within a vessel. The fire point is the
temperature at which the flame becomes self-sustained and the burning continues. At the flash point,
the flame does not need to be sustained. The fire point is usually a few degrees above the flash point.
ASTM test methods include procedures using a closed cup (ASTM D-56, ASTM D-93, and ASTM
D-3828), which is preferred, and an open cup (ASTM D-92, ASTM D-I310). When several values
are available, the lowest temperature is usually taken in order to assure safe operation of the process.
The ignition temperature (or ignition point) is the minimum temperature required to initiate self-
sustained combustion of a substance (solid, liquid, or gaseous) and independent of external ignition
sources or heat.
Flash points, lower and upper flammability limits, and auto-ignition temperatures are the three
properties that are used to indicate safe operating limits of temperature when processing organic
materials. Prediction methods are somewhat erratic, but, together with comparisons with reliable
experimental values for families or similar compounds, they are valuable in setting a conservative
value for each of the properties.
The upper and lower flammability limits are the boundary-line mixtures of vapor or gas with air,
which, if ignited, will just propagate flame and are given in terms of percent by volume of gas or
vapor in the air. Each of these limits also has a temperature at which the flammability limits are
reached. The temperature corresponding to the lower-limit partial vapor pressure should equal the
flash point. The temperature corresponding to the upper-limit partial vapor pressure is somewhat
above the lower limit and is usually considerably below the auto-ignition temperature. Flammability
limits are calculated at one atmosphere total pressure and are normally considered synonymous with
explosive limits. Limits in oxygen rather than air are sometimes measured and available. Limits are
generally reported at 298°K and 1 atmosphere. If the temperature or the pressure is increased, the
lower limit will decrease while the upper limit will increase, giving a wider range of compositions
over which flame will propagate.
The auto-ignition temperature is the minimum temperature for a substance to initiate self-
combustion in air in the absence of a spark or flame. The temperature is no lower than and is generally
considerably higher than the temperature corresponding to the upper flammability limit. Large dif-
ferences can occur in reported values determined by different procedures. The lowest reasonable
value should be accepted in order to assure safety. Values are also sometimes given in oxygen rather
than in air.
One simple method of estimating auto-ignition temperatures is to compare values for a com-
pound with other members of its homologous series on a plot vs. carbon number as the temperature
decreases and carbon number increases.
2.352 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Acetal 215 −5 446
CH3CH(OC2H5)2 (102) (−21) (230)
(Acetaldehydediethylacetal)
Acetaldehyde 70 −38 347
CH3CHO (21) (−39) (175)
(Acetic aldehyde)
(Ethanal)
Acetaldehydediethylacetal See Acetal.
Acetaldel See Aldol.
Acetanilide 582 337 985 ± 10
CH3CONHC6H5 (306) (169) (530)
(oc)
Acetic Acid, Glacial 245 103 867
CH3COOH (118) (39) (463)
Acetic Acid, Isopropyl Ester See Isopropyl Acetate.
Acetic Acid, Methyl Ester See Methyl Acetate.
Acetic Acid, n-Propyl Ester See Propyl Acetate.
Acetic Aldehyde See Acetaldehyde
Acetic Anhydride 284 120 600
(CH3CO)2O (140) (49) (316)
(Ethanoic anhydride)
Acetic Ester See Ethyl Acetate.
Acetic Ether See Ethyl Acetate.
Acetoacetanilide 365
CH3COCH2CONHC6H5 (185)
o-Acetoacet Anisidide 325
CH3COCH2CONHC6H4OCH3 (168)
Acetoacetic Acid, Ethyl Ester See Ethyl acetoacetate.
Acetoethylamide See N-Ethylacetamide.
Acetone 133 −4 869
CH3COCH3 (56) (−20) (465)
(Dimethyl Ketone)
(2-Propanone)
Acetone Cyanohydrin 248 165 1270
(CH3)2C(OH)CN (120) (74) (688)
(2-Hydroxy2-Methyl Decomposes
Propionitrile)
Acetonitrile 179 42 975
CH3CN (82) (6) (524)
(Methyl Cyanide)
Acetonyl Acetone 378 174 920
(CH2COCH3)2 (192) (79) (499)
(2,5-Hexanedione)
Acetophenone 396 170 1058
C6H5COCH3 (202) (77) (570)
(Phenyl Methyl Ketone)
p-Acetotoluidide 583 334
CH3CONHC6H4CH3 (306) (168)
Acetyl Acetone See 2,4-Pentanedione.
Acetyl Chloride 124 40 734
CH3COCl (51) (4) (390)
(Ethanoyl Chloride)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.353

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Acetylene −118 Gas 581
CH:CH (−83) (305)
(Ethine)
(Ethyne)
N-Acetyl Ethanolamine 304–308 355 860
CH3C:ONHCH2CH2OH (151–153) (179) (460)
(N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) @10 mm (oc)
acetamide) Decomposes
N-Acetyl Morpholine Decomposes 235
CH3CONCH2CH2OCH2CH: (113)
Acetyl Oxide See Acetic Anhydride.
Acetylphenol See Phenyl Acetate.
Acrolein 125 −15 428
CH2:CHCHO (52) (−26) (220)
(Acrylic Aldehyde) Unstable
Acrylic Acid (Glacial) 287 122 820
CH2CHCOOH (142) (50) (438)
Acrylic Aldehyde See Acrolein.
Acrylonitrile 171 32 898
CH2:CHCN (77) (0) (481)
(Vinyl Cyanide)
(Propenenitrile)
Adipic Acid 509 385 788
HOOC(CH2)4COOH (265) (196) (420)
@100 mm
Adipic Ketone See Cyclopentanone.
Adiponitrile 563 200
NC(CH2)4CN (295) (93)
Alcohol See Ethyl Alcohol,
Methyl Alcohol.
Aldol 174–176 150 482
CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO (79–80) (66) (250)
(3-Hydroxybutanal) @12 mm
(b-Hydroxybuteraldehyde) Decomposes
@176
(80)
Allyl Acetate 219 72 705
CH3COCH2CH:CH2 (104) (22) (374)
Allyl Alcohol 206 70 713
CH2:CHCH2OH (97) (21) (378)
Allylamine 128 −20 705
CH2:CHCH2NH2 (53) (−29) (374)
(2-Propenylamine)
Allyl Bromide 160 30 563
CH2:CHCH2Br (71) (−1) (295)
(3-Bromopropene)
Allyl Caproate 367–370 150
CH3(CH2)4COOCH2CH:Cl (186–188) (66)
(Allyl Hexanoate)
(2-Propenyl Hexanoate)
(Continued)
2.354 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Allyl Chloride 113 −25 737
CH2:CHCH2Cl (45) (−32) (485)
(3-Chloropropene)
Allyl Chlorocarbonate See Allyl Chloroformate.
Allyl Chloroformate 223–237 88
CH2:CHCH2OCOCl (106–114) (31)
(Allyl Chlorocarbonate)
Allylene See Propyne.
Allyl Ether 203 20
(CH2:CHCH2)2O (95) (−7)
(Diallyl Ether)
Allylidene Diacetate 225 180
CH2:CHCH(OCOCH3)2 (107) (82)
@50 mm
Allyl Isothiocyanate See Mustard Oil.
Allylpropenyl See 1,4-Hexadiene.
Allyl Trichloride See 1,2,3-Trichloropropane.
Allyl Vinyl Ether See Vinyl Allyl Ether.
Alpha Methyl Pyridine 2-Picoline.
Aminobenzene See Aniline.
2-Aminobiphenyl See 2-Biphenylamine.
1-Aminobutane See Butylamine.
2-Amino-1-Butanol 352 165
CH3CH2CHNH2CH2OH (178) (74)
1-Amino-4-Ethoxybenzene See p-Phenetidine.
β-Aminoethyl Alcohol See Ethanolamine.
Amyl Acetate 300 60 680
CH3COOC5H11 (149) (16) (360)
(1-Pentanol Acetate) 70
Comm. (21)
sec-Amyl Acetate 249 89
CH3COOCH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3 (121) (32)
(2-Pentanol Acetate)
Amyl Alcohol 280 91 572
CH3(CH2)3CH2OH (138) (33) (300)
(1-Pentanol)
sec-Amyl Alcohol 245 94 650
CH3CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3 (118) (34) (343)
(Diethyl Carbinol)
Amylamine 210 30 2.2 22
C5H11NH2 (99) (−1)
(Pentylamine)
sec-Amylamine 198 20
CH3(CH2)2CH(CH3)NH2 (92) (−7)
(2-Aminopentane)
(Methylpropylcarbinylamine)
p-tert-Amylaniline 498–504 215
(C2H5)(CH2)2CC6H4NH2 (259–262) (102)
Amylbenzene 365 150
C6H5C5H11 (185) (66)
(Phenylpentane) (oc)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.355

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Amyl Bromide 128–9 90
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2Br (53–54) (32)
(1-Bromopentane) @746 mm
Amyl Butyrate 365 135
C5H11OOCC3H7 (185) (57)
Amyl Carbinol See Hexyl Alcohol.
Amyl Chloride 223 55 500
CH3(CH2)3CH2Cl (106) (13) (260)
(1-Chloropentane)
tert-Amyl Chloride 187 653
CH3CH2CCl(CH3)CH3 (86) (345)
Amyl Chlorides (Mixed) 185–228 38
C5H11Cl (85–109) (3)
Amylcyclohexane 395 462
C5H11C6H11 (202) (239)
Amylene See 1-Pentene.
β-Amylene-cis 99 <–4
C2H5CH:CHCH3 (37) (<–20)
(2-Pentene-cis)
β-Amylene-trans 97 <–4
C2H5CH:CHCH3 (36) (<–20)
(2-Pentene-trans)
Amylene Chloride See 1,5-Dichloropentane.
Amyl Ether 374 135 338
C5H11OC5H11 (190) (57) (170)
(Diamyl Ether)
(Pentyloxypentane)
Amyl Formate 267 79
HCOCC5H11 (131) (26)
Amyl Lactate 237–239 175
C2H5OCOOCH2- (114–115) (79)
CH(CH3)C2H5 @36 mm
Amyl Laurate 554–626 300
C11H23COOC5H11 (290–330) (149)
Amyl Maleate 518–599 270
(CHCOOC5H11)2 (270–315) (132)
Amyl Mercaptan 260 65
C5H11SH (127) (18)
(1-Pentanethiol)
Amyl Mercaptans (Mixed) 176–257 65
CH3(CH2)4SH (80–125) (18)
Amyl Naphthalene 550 255
C10H7C5H11 (288) (124)
Amyl Nitrate 306–315 118
CH3(CH2)4NO2 (153–157) (48)
Amyl Nitrite 220 410
CH3(CH2)4NO2 (104) (210)
Amyl Oleate 392–464 366
C17H33COOC5H11 (200–240) (186)
@20 mm
Amyl Oxalate 464–523 245
(COOC5H11)2 (240–273) (118)
(Diamyl Oxalate)
(Continued)
2.356 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
o-Amyl Phenol 455–482 219
C5H11C6H4OH (235–250) (104)
p-tert-Amyl Phenol See Pentaphen.
p-sec-Amylphenol 482–516 270
C5H11C6H4OH (250–269) (132)
2-(p-tert-Amylphenoxy) Ethanol 567–590 280
C5H11C6H4OCH2CH2OH (297–310) (138)
2-(p-tert-Amylphenoxy) Ethyl 464–500 410
Laurate (240–260) (210)
C11H23COO(CH2)2OC6H4C5H11 @6 mm
p-tert-Amylphenyl 507–511 240
Acetate (264–266) (116)
CH3COOC6H4C5H11
p-tert-Amylphenyl Butyl 540–550 275
Ether (282–288) (135)
C5H11C6H4OC4H9
Amyl Phenyl Ether 421–444 185
CH3(CH2)4OC6H5 (216–229) (85)
(Amoxybenzene)
p-tert-Amylphenyl Methyl 462–469 210
Ether (239–243) (99)
C5H11C6H4OCH3
Amyl Phthalate See Diamyl Phthalate.
Amyl Propionate 275–347 106 712
C2H5COO(CH2)4CH3 (135–175) (41) (378)
(Pentyl Propionate)
Amyl Salicylate 512 270
HOC6H4COOC5H11 (267) (132)
Amyl Stearate 680 365
CH3(CH2)16COOC5H11 (360) (185)
Amyl Sulfides, (Mixed) 338–356 185
C5H11S (170–180) (85)
Amyl Tolene 400–415 180
C5H11C6H4CH3 (204–213) (82)
Amyl Xylyl Ether 480–500 205
C5H11OC6H3(CH3)2 (249–260) (96)
Aniline 364 158 1139
C6H5NH2 (184) (70) (615)
(Aminobenzene)
(Phenylamine)
Aniline Hydrochloride 473 380
C6H5NH2HCl (245) (193)
2-Anilinoethanol 547 305
C6H5NHCH2CH2OH (286) (152)
(b-Anilinoethanol Ethoxyaniline)
(b-Hydroxyethylaniline)
β-Anilinoethanol See 2-Anilinoethanol.
Ethoxyaniline
o-Anisaldehyde See o-Methoxy Benzaldehyde.
o-Anisidine 435 244
H2NC6H4OCH3 (224) (118)
(2-Methoxyaniline)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.357

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Anisole 309 125 887
C6H5OCH3 (154) (52) (475)
(Methoxybenzene)
(Methyl Phenyl Ether)
Anol See Cyclohexanol.
Anthracene 644 250 1004
(C6H4CH)2 (340) (121) (540)
Anthraquinone 716 365
C6H4(CO)2C6H4 (380) (185)
Asphalt >700 400+ 905
(Petroleum Pitch) (>371) (204+) (485)
Aziridine See Ethyleneimine.
Azobisisobutyronitrile Decomposes 147
N:CC(CH3)2N:NC(CH3)2C:N (64)
Benzaldehyde 355 145 377
C6H5CHO (179) (63) (192)
(Benzenecarbonal)
Benzedrine 392 <212
C6H5CH2CH(CH3)NH2 (200) (<100)
(1-Phenyl Isopropyl Amine)
Benzene 176 12 928
C6H6 (80) (−11) (498)
(Benzol)
Benzine See Petroleum Ether.
Benzocyclobutene 306 95 477
(152) (35) (247)
Benzoic Acid 482 250 1058
C6H5COOH (250) (121) (570)
Benzol See Benzene.
p-Benzoquinone Sublimes 100–200 1040
C6H4O2 (38–93) (560)
(Quinone)
Benzotrichloride 429 260 412
C6H5CCl3 (221) (127) (211)
(Toluene, a,a,a-Trichloro)
(Phenyl Chloroform)
Benzotrifluoride 216 54
C6H5CF3 (102) (12)
Benzoyl Chloride 387 162
C6H5COCl (197) (72)
(Benzene Carbonyl Chloride)
Benzyl Acetate 417 195 860
CH3COOCH2C6H5 (214) (90) (460)
Benzyl Alcohol 403 200 817
C6H5CH2OH (206) (93) (436)
(Phenyl Carbinol)
Benzyl Benzoate 614 298 896
C6H5COOCH2C6H5 (323) (148) (480)
Benzyl Butyl Phthalate 698 390
C4H9COOC6H4COOCH2C6H5 (370) (199)
(Butyl Benzyl Phthalate)

(Continued)
2.358 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Benzyl Carbinol See Phenethyl Alcohol.
Benzyl Chloride 354 153 1085
C6H5CH2Cl (179) (67) (585)
(a-Chlorotoluene)
Benzyl Cyanide 452 235
C6H5CH2CN (233.5) (113)
(Phenyl Acetonitrile)
(a-Tolunitrile)
N-Benzyldiethylamine 405–420 170
C6H5CH2N(C2H5)2 (207–216) (77)
Benzyl Ether See Dibenzyl Ether.
Benzyl Mercaptan 383 158
C6H5CH2SH (195) (70)
(a-Toluenethiol)
Benzyl Sallcilate 406 >212
OHC6H4COOCH2C6H5 (208) (>100)
(Salycilic Acid Benzyl Ester)
Bicyclohexyl 462 165 473
[CH2(CH2)4CH]2 (239) (74) (245)
(Dicyclohexyl)
Biphenyl 489 235 1004
C6H5C6H5 (254) (113) (540)
(Diphenyl)
(Phenylbenzene)
2-Biphenylamine 570 842
NH2C6H4C6H5 (299) (450)
(2-Aminobiphenyl)
Bromobenzene 313 124 1049
C6H5Br (156) (51) (565)
(Phenyl Bromide)
1-Bromo Butane See Butyl Bromide.
4-Bromodiphenyl 592 291
C6H5C6H4Br (311) (144)
Bromoethane See Ethyl Bromide.
Bromomethane See Methyl Bromide.
1-Bromopentane See Amyl Bromide.
3-Bromopropene See Allyl Bromide.
o-Bromotoluene 359 174
BrC6H4CH3 (182) (79)
p-Bromotoluene 363 185
BrC6H4CH3 (184) (85)
1,3-Butadiene 24 788
CH2:CHCH:CH2 (−4) Gas (420)
Butadiene Monoxide 151 <–58
CH2:CHCHOCH2 (66) (<–50)
(Vinylethylene Oxide)
Butanal See Butyraldehyde.
Butanal Oxime See Butyraldoxime.
Butane 31 −76 550
CH3CH2CH2CH3 (−1) (−60) (287)
1,3-Butanediamine 289–302 125
NH2CH2CH2CHNH2CH3 (143–150) (52)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.359

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
1,2-Butanediol 381 104
CH3CH2CHOHCH2OH (194) (40)
(1,2-Dihydroxybutane)
(Ethylethylene Glycol)
1,3-Butanediol See b-Butylene Glycol.
1,4-Butanediol 442 250
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH (228) (121)
2,3-Butanediol 363 756
CH3CHOHCHOHCH3 (184) (402)
2,3-Butanedione 190 80
CH3COCOCH3 (88) (27)
(Diocetyl)
1-Butanethiol 208 35
CH3CH2CH2CH2SH (98) (2)
(Butyl Mercaptan)
2-Butanethiol 185 −10
C4H9SH (85) (−23)
(sec-Butyl Mercaptan)
1-Butanol See Butyl Alcohol.
2-Butanol See sec-Butyl Alcohol.
2-Butanone See Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
2-Butenal See Crotonaldehyde.
1-Butene 21 725
CH3CH2CH:CH2 (−6) (385)
(a-Butylene)
2-Butene-cis 38.7 617
CH3CH:CHCH3 (4) (325)
2-Butene-trans −34 615
CH3CH:CHCH3 (1) (324)
(b-Butylene)
Butenediol 286–300 263
HOCH2CH:CHCH2OH (141–149) (128)
(2-Butene-1,4-Diol)
@20 mm
2-Butene-1,4-Diol See Butenediol.
2-Butene Nitrile See Crotononitrile.
Butoxybenzene See Butyl Phenyl Ether.
1-Butoxybutane See Dibutyl Ether.
2,β-Butoxyethoxyethyl Chloride 392–437 190
C4H9CH2CH2OCH2CH2Cl (200–225) (88)
1-(Butoxyethoxy)2Propanol 445 250 509
(229) (121) (265)
CH3CH(OH)CH2OC2H4OC2H4C2H5
b-Butoxyethyl Salicylate 367–378 315
OCH6H4COOCH2CH2OC4 (186–192) (157)
N-Butyl Acetamide 455–464 240
CH3CONHC4H9 (235–240) (116)
N-Butylacetanilide 531–538 286
CH3(CH2)3N(C6H5)COCH3 (277–281) (141)
Butyl Acetate 260 72 797
CH3COOC4H9 (127) (22) (425)
(Butylethanoate)
(Continued)
2.360 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
sec-Butyl Acetate 234 88
CH3COOCH(CH3)C2H5 (112) (31)
Butyl Acetoacetate 417 185
CH3COCH2COO(CH2)3CH3 (214) (85)
Butyl Acetyl Ricinoleate 428 230 725
C17H32(OCOCH3)- (220) (110) (385)
(COOC4H9)
Butyl Acrylate 260 84 559
CH2:CHCOOC4H9 (127) (29) (292)
Polymerizes
Butyl Alcohol 243 98 650
CH3(CH2)2CH2OH (117) (37) (343)
(1-Butanol)
(Propylcarbinol)
(Propyl Methanol)
sec-Butyl Alcohol 201 75 761
CH3CH2CHOHCH3 (94) (24) (405)
(2-Butanol)
(Methyl Ethyl Carbinol)
tert-Butyl Alcohol 181 52 892
(CH3)2COHCH3 (83) (11) (478)
(2-Methyl-2-Propanol)
(Trimethyl Carbinol)
Butylamine 172 10 594
C4H9NH2 (78) (−12) (312)
(1-Amino Butane)
sec-Butylamine 145 16
CH3CH2CH(NH2)CH3 (63) (−9)
tert-Butylamine 113 716
(CH3)3C:NH2 (45) (380)
Butylamine Oleate 150
C17H33COONH3C4H9 (66)
tert-Butylaminoethyl 200–221 205
Methacrylate (93–105) (96)
(CH3)3CNHC2H4OOCC(CH3):CH2
N-Butylaniline 465 225
C6H5NHC4H9 (241) (107)
Butylbenzene 356 160 770
C6H5C4H9 (180) (71) (410)
sec-Butylbenzene 344 126 784
C6H5CH(CH3)C2H5 (173) (52) (418)
tert-Butylbenzene 336 140 842
C6H5C(CH3)3 (169) (60) (450)
Butyl Benzoate 482 225
C6H5COOC4H9 (250) (107)
2-Butylbiphenyl −554 >212 806
C6H5C6H4C4H9 (−290) (>100) (430)
Butyl Bromide 215 65 509
CH3(CH2)2CH2Br (102) (18) (265)
(1-Bromo Butane)
Butyl Butyrate 305 128
CH3(CH2)2COOC4H9 (152) (53)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.361

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Butylcarbamic Acid, Ethyl Ester See N-Butylurethane.
tert-Butyl Carbinol 237 98
(CH3)3CCH2OH (114) (37)
(2,2-Dimethyl-1-Propanol)
Butyl Carbitol See Diethylene Glycol
Monobutyl Ether.
4-tert-Butyl Catechol 545 266
(OH)2C6H3C(CH3)3 (285) (130)
Butyl Chloride 170 15 464
C4H9Cl (77) (−9) (240)
(1-Chlorobutane)
sec-Butyl Chloride 155 <32
CH3CHClC2H5 (68) (<0)
(2-Chlorobutane)
tert-Butyl Chloride 124 <32
(CH3)3CCl (51) (<0)
(2-Chloro-2-Methyl-Propane)
4-tert-Butyl-2- 453–484 225
Chlorophenol (234–251) (107)
ClC6H3(OH)C(CH3)3
tert-Butyl-m-Cresol 451–469 116
C6H3(C4H9)(CH3)OH (233–243) (47)
p-tert-Butyl-o-Cresol 278–280 244
(OH)C6H3CH3C(CH3)3 (137–138) (118)
Butylcyclohexane 352–356 475
C4H9C6H11 (178–180) (246)
(1-Cyclohexylbutane)
sec-Butylcyclohexane 351 531
CH3CH2CH(CH3)C6H11 (177) (277)
(2-Cyclohexylbutane)
tert-Butylcyclohexane 333–336 648
(CH3)3CC6H11 (167–169) (342)
N-Butylcyclohexylamine 409 200
C6H11NH(C4H9) (209) (93)
Butylcyclopentane 314 480
C4H9C5H9 (157) (250)
Butyl Ether See Dibutyl Ether.
Butylethylacetaldehyde See 2-Ethylhexanal.
Butyl Ethylene See 1-Hexene.
Butyl Ethyl Ether See Ethyl Butyl Ether.
Butyl Formate 225 64 612
HCOOC4H9 (107) (18) (322)
(Butyl Methanoate)
(Formic Acid, Butyl Ester)
Butyl Glycolate ∼356 142
CH2OHCOOC4H9 (∼180) (61)
tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide <80
(CH3)3COOH (<27)
n-Butyl Isocyanate 235 66
CH3(CH2)3NCO (113) (19)
(Butyl Isocyanate)
Butyl Isovalerate 302 127
C4H9OOCCH2CH(CH3)2 (150) (53)
(Continued)
2.362 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Butyl Lactate 320 160 720
CH3CH(OH)COOC4H9 (160) (71) (382)
Butyl Mercaptan See 1-Butanethiol.
tert-Butyl Mercaptan See 2-Methyl-2-Propanethiol.
Butyl Methacrylate 325 126
CH2:C(CH3)COO(CH2)3CH3 (163) (52)
Butyl Methanoate See Butyl Formate.
N-Butyl Monoethanolamine 378 170
C4H9NHC2H4OH (192) (77)
Butyl Naphthalene 680
C4H9C10H7 (360)
Butyl Nitrate 277 97
CH3(CH2)3ONO2 (136) (36)
2-Butyloctanol 486 230
C6H13CH(C4H9)CH2OH (252) (110)
Butyl Oleate 440.6–442.4 356
C17H33COOC4H9 (180)
(227–228)
@15 mm
Butyl Oxalate 472 265
(COOC4H9)2 (244) (129)
(Butyl Ethanedioate) (oc)
tert-Butyl Peracetate Explodes on <80
diluted with 25% of benzene heating. (<27)
CH3CO(O2)C(CH3)3
tert-Butyl Perbenzoate Explodes on >190
C6H5COOOC(CH3)3 heating. (>88)
tert-Butyl Peroxypivalate Explodes on >155
diluted with 25% of mineral spirits heating. (>68)
(CH3)3COOCOC(CH3)3
β-(p-tert-Butyl Phenoxy) 293-313 248
Ethanol (145-156) (120)
(CH3)3CC6H4OCH2CH2OH
β-(p-tert-Butylphenoxy) 579–585 324
Ethyl Acetate (304–307) (162)
(CH3)3CC6H6OCH2CH2OCOCH3
Butyl Phenyl Ether 410 180
CH3(CH2)3OC6H5 (210) (82)
(Butoxybenzene)
4-tert-Butyl-2-Phenylphenol 385–388 320
C6H5C6H3OHC(CH3)3 (196–198) (160)
Butyl Propionate 295 90 799
C2H5COOC4H9 (146) (32) (426)
Butyl Ricinoleate 790 230
C18H33O3C4H9 (421) (110)
Butyl Sebacate 653 353
[(CH2)4COOC4H9]2 (345) (178)
Butyl Stearate 650 320 671
C17H35COOC4H9 (343) (160) (355)
tert-Butylstyrene 426 177
(219) (81)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.363

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
tert-Butyl Tetralin 680
C4H9C10H11 (360)
Butyl Trichlorosilane 300 130
CH3(CH2)3SiCl3 (149) (54)
N-Butylurethane 396–397 197
CH3(CH2)3NHCOOC2H5 (202–203) (92)
(Butylcarbamic Acid, Ethyl Ester)
(Ethyl Butylcarbamate)
Butyl Vinyl Ether See Vinyl Butyl Ether.
2-Butyne 81 −4
CH3C$CCH3 (Crotonylene) (27) (<–20)
Butyraldehyde 169 −8 425
CH3(CH2)2CHO (76) (−22) (218)
(Butanal)
(Butyric Aldehyde)
Butyraldol 280 165
C8H16O2 (138) (74)
@ 50 mm
Butyraldoxime 306 136
C4H8NOH (152) (58)
(Butanal Oxime)
Butyric Acid 327 161 830
CH3(CH2)2COOH (164) (72) (443)
Butyric Acid, Ethyl Ester See Ethyl Butyrate.
Butyric Aldehyde See Butyraldehyde.
Butyric Anhydride 388 180 535
[CH3(CH2)2CO]2O (196) (54) (279)
Butyric Ester See Ethyl Butyrate.
Butyrolactone 399 209
CH2CH2CH2COO (204) (98)
[|
[[ [ [ [ [ [|
Butyrone See 4-Heptanone.
Butyronitrile 243 76 935
CH3CH2CH2CN (117) (24) (501)
Caproic Acid 400 215 716
(CH3)(CH2)4COOH (204) (102) (380)
(Hexanoic Acid)
Carbolic Acid See Phenol.
Carbon Bisulfide See Carbon Disulfide.
Carbon Disulfide 115 −22 194
CS2 (46) (−30) (90)
(Carbon Bisulfide)
Cetane See Hexadecane.
Chloroacetic Acid 372 259 >932
CH2ClCOOH (189) (126) (>500)
Chloroacetophenone 477 244
C6H5COCH2Cl (247) (118)
(Phenacyl Chloride)
2-Chloro-4,6-di-tert-Amylphenol 320–354 250
(160–179) (121)
(C5H11)2C6H2ClOH @ 22 mm
Chloro-4-tert-Amylphenol 487–509 225
C5H11C6H3ClOH (253–265) (107)
(Continued)
2.364 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
2-Chloro-4-tert-Amyl-Phenyl 518–529 230
Methyl Ether (270–276) (110)
C5H11C6H3ClOCH3
p-Chlorobenzaldehyde 417 190
ClC6H4CHO (214) (88)
Chlorobenzene 270 82 1099
C6H5Cl (132) (28) (593)
(Chlorobenzol)
(Monochlorobenzene)
(Phenyl Chloride)
Chlorobenzol See Chlorobenzene.
o-Chlorobenzotrifluoride 306 138
ClC6H4CF3 (152) (59)
(o-Chloro-a,a,a-trifluorotoluene)
Chlorobutadiene See 2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene.
2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene 138 −4
CH2:CCl:CH:CH2 (59) (−20)
(Chlorobutadiene)
(Chloroprene)
1-Chlorobutane See Butyl Chloride.
2-Chlorobutene-2 143–159 −3
CH3CCl:CHCH3 (62–71) (−19)
Chlorodinitrobenzene See Dinitrochlorobenzene.
Chloroethane See Ethyl Chloride.
2-Chloroethanol 264–266 140 797
CH2ClCH2OH (129–130) (60) (425)
(2-Chloroethyl Alcohol)
(Ethylene Chlorohydrin)
2-Chloroethyl Acetate 291 151
CH3COOCH2CH2Cl (144) (66)
2-Chloroethyl Alcohol See 2-Chloroethanol.
Chloro-4-Ethylbenzene 364 147
C2H5C6H4Cl (184) (64)
Chloroethylene See Vinyl Chloride.
2-Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether See Vinyl 2-Chloroethyl Ether.
2-Chloroethyl-2-Xenyl Ether 613 320
C6H5C6H4OCH2CH2Cl (323) (160)
1-Chlorohexane 270 95
CH3(CH2)4CH2Cl (132) (35)
(Hexyl Chloride)
Chloroisopropyl Alcohol See 1-Chloro-2-Propanol.
Chloromethane See Methyl Chloride.
1-Chloro-2-Methyl Propane See Isobutyl Chloride.
1-Chloronaphthalene 505 250 >1036
C10H7Cl (263) (121) (>558)
2-Chloro-5- 446 275
Nitrobenzotrifluoride (230) (135)
C6H3CF3(2-Cl, 5-NO2)
(2-Chloro-a,a,a-Trifluoro-5-
Nitrotoluene)
1-Chloro-1-Nitroethane 344 133
C2H4NO2Cl (173) (56)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.365

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
1-Chloro-1-Nitropropane 285 144
CHNO2ClC2H5 (141) (62)
2-Chloro-2-Nitropropane 273 135
CH3CNO2ClCH3 (134) (57)
1-Chloropentane See Amyl Chloride.
b-Chlorophenetole 306–311 225
C6H5OCH2CH2Cl (152–155) (107)
(b-Phenoxyethyl Chloride)
o-Chlorophenol 347 147
ClC6H4OH (175) (64)
p-Chlorophenol 428 250
C6H4OHCl (220) (121)
2-Chloro-4-Phenylphenol 613 345
C6H5C6H3ClOH (323) (174)
Chloroprene See 2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene.
1-Chloropropane See Propyl Chloride.
2-Chloropropane See Isopropyl Chloride.
2-Chloro-1-Propanol 271–273 125
CH3CHClCH2OH (133–134) (52)
(b-Chloropropyl Alcohol)
(Propylene Chlorohydrin
1-Chloro-2-Propanol 261 125
CH2ClCHOHCH3 (127) (52)
(Chloroisopropyl Alcohol)
(sec-Propylene Chlorohydrin)
1-Chloro-1-Propene See 1-Chloropropylene.
3-Chloropropene See Allyl Chloride.
α-Chloropropionic Acid 352–374 225 932
CH3CHClCOOH (178–190) (107) (500)
3-Chloropropionitrile 348.8 168
ClCH2CH2CN (176) (76)
Decomposes
2-Chloropropionyl Chloride 230 88
(110) (31)
β-Chloropropyl Alcohol See 2-Chloro-1-Propanol.
1-Chloropropylene 95–97 <21
CH3CH:CHCl (35–36) (<–6)
(1-Chloro-1-Propene)
2-Chloropropylene 73 <–4
CH3CCl:CH2 (23) (<–20)
(b-Chloropropylene)
(2-Chloropropene)
2-Chloropropylene Oxide See Epichlorohydrin.
γ-Chloropropylene Oxide See Epichlorohydrin.
Chlorotoluene 320 126
C6H4ClCH3 (160) (52)
(Tolyl Chloride)
α-Chlorotoluene See Benzyl Chloride.
Chlorotrifluoroethylene See Trifluorochloroethylene.
2-Chloro-α,α,α-Trifluoro-5- See 2-Chloro-5-Nitrobenzotrifluoride.
Nitrotoluene
(Continued)
2.366 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
o-Chloro-a,a,a-Trifluorotoluene See o-Chlorobenzotrifluoride.
Coal Oil See Fuel Oil No. 1.
Coal Tar Light Oil <80
(<27)
Coal Tar Pitch 405
(207)
Creosote Oil 382–752 165 637
(194–400) (74) (336)
o-Cresol 376 178 1110
CH3C6H4OH (191) (81) (599)
(Cresylic Acid)
(o-Hydroxytoluene)
(o-Methyl Phenol)
p-Cresyl Acetate 195
CH3C6H4OCOCH3 (91)
(P-Tolyl Acetate)
Cresyl Diphenyl Phosphate 734 450
(C6H5O)2[(CH3)2C6H4O]-PO4 (390) (232)
Cresylic Acid See o-Cresol.
Crotonaldehyde 216 55 450
CH3CH:CHCHO (102) (13) (232)
(2-Butenal)
(Crotonic Aldehyde)
(Propylene Aldehyde)
Crotonic Acid 372 190 745
CH3CH:CHCOOH (189) (88) (396)
Crotononitrile 230–240.8 <212
CH3CH:CHCN (110–116) (<100)
(2-Butenenitrile)
Crotonyl Alcohol 250 81 660
CH3CH:CHCH2OH (121) (27) (349)
(2-Buten-1-ol)
(Crotyl Alcohol)
1-Crotyl Bromide
CH3CH:CHCH2Br
(1-Bromo-2-Butene)
1-Crotyl Chloride
CH3CH:CHCH2Cl
(1-Chloro-2-Butene)
Cumene 306 96 795
C6H5CH(CH3)2 (152) (36) (424)
(Cumol)
(2-Phenyl Propane)
(Isopropyl Benzene)
Cumene Hydroperoxide Explodes on 175
C6H5C(CH3)2OOH heating. (79)
Cyanamide 500 286
NH2CN (260) (141)
Decomposes
2-Cyanoethyl Acrylate Polymerizes 255
CH2CHCOOCH2CH2CN (124)
N-(2-Cyanoethyl) 255
Cyclohexylamine (124)
C6H11NHC2H4CN
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.367

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Cyclamen Aldehyde 190
(CH3)2CHC6H4CH(CH3)CH2CHO (88)
(Methyl Para-Isopropyl
Phenyl Propyl Aldehyde)
Cyclobutane 55
C4H8 (13)
(Tetramethylene)
1,5,9-Cyclododecatriene 448 160
C12H18 (231) (71)
Cycloheptane 246 <70
CH2(CH2)5CH2 (119) (<21)
[|
[[ [ [[|
Cyclohexane 179 −4 473
C6H12 (82) (−20) (245)
(Hexahydrobenzene)
(Hexamethylene)
1,4-Cyclohexane 525 332 600
Dimethanol (274) (167) (316)
C8H16O2
Cyclohexanethiol 315–319 110
C6H11SH (157–159) (43)
(Cyclohexylmercaptan)
Cyclohexanol 322 154 572
C6H11OH (161) (68) (300)
(Anol)
(Hexolin)
(Hydralin)
Cyclohexanone 313 111 788
C6H10O (156) (44) (420)
(Pimelic Ketone)
Cyclohexene 181 <20 471
CH2CH2CH2CH2CH:CH (83) (<–7) (244)
[|
[[ [ [ [[ [[[ [|
3-Cyclohexene-1- See 1,2,3,6-
Carboxaldehyde Tetrahydrobenzaldehyde.
Cyclohexenone 313 93
C6H8O (156) (34)
Cyclohexyl Acetate 350 136 635
CH3CO2C6H11 (177) (58) (335)
(Hexolin Acetate)
Cyclohexylamine 274 88 560
C6H11NH2 (134) (31) (293)
(Aminocyclohexane)
(Hexahydroaniline)
Cyclohexylbenzene 459 210
C6H5C6H11 (237) (99)
(Phenylcyclohexone)
Cyclohexyl Chloride 288 90
CH2(CH2)4CHCl (142) (32)
[|
[[ [ [[|
(Chlorocyclohexane)
Cyclohexylcyclohexanol 304–313 270
C6H11C6H10OH (151–156) (132)
Cyclohexyl Formate 324 124
CH2(CH2)4HCOOCH (162) (51)
[|
[[[[[|
(Continued)
2.368 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Cyclohexylmethane See Methylcyclohexane.
o-Cyclohexylphenol 298 273
C6H11C6H4OH (148) (134)
@10 mm
Cyclohexyltrichlorosilane 406 196
C6H11SiCl3 (208) (91)
1,5-Cyclooctadiene 304 95
C8H10 (151) (35)
Cyclopentane 121 <20 682
C5H10 (49) (<–7) (361)
Cyclopentene 111 −20 743
CH:CHCH2CH2CH2 (44) (−29) (395)
[|
[[ [ [ [[ [|
Cyclopentanol 286 124
CH2(CH2)3CHOH (141) (51)
[|
[[ [[
[[[|
Cyclopentanone 267 79
OCCH2CH2CH2CH2 (131) (26)
[|
[[ [ [ [[ [|
(Adipic Ketone)
Cyclopropane −29 928
(CH2)3 (−34) (498)
(Trimethylene)
p-Cymene 349 117 817
CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2 Tech. (176) (47) (436)
(4-Isopropyl-1-Methyl 127 833
Benzene) (53) (445)
Decahydronaphthalene 382 136 482
C10H18 (194) (58) (250)
(Decalin)
Decahydronaphthalene-trans 369 129 491
C10H18 (187) (54) (255)
Decalin See Decahydronaphthalene.
Decane 345 115 410
CH3(CH2)8CH3 (174) (46) (210)
Decanol 444.2 180 550
CH3(CH2)8CH2OH (229) (82) (288)
(Decyl Alcohol)
1-Decene 342 <131 455
CH3(CH2)7CH:CH2 (172) (<55) (235)
Decyl Acrylate 316 441
CH3(CN2)9OCOCH:CH2 (158) (227)
@50 mm
Decyl Alcohol See Decanol.
Decylamine 429 210
CH3(CH2)9NH2 (221) (99)
(1-Aminodecane)
Decylbenzene 491–536 225
C10H21C6H5 (255–280) (107)
tert-Decylmercaptan 410–424 190
C10H21SH (210–218) (88)
Decylnaphthalene 635–680 350
C10H21C10H7 (335–360) (177)
Decyl Nitrate 261 235
CH3(CH2)9ONO2 (127) (113)
@11 mm
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.369

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Diacetone Alcohol 328 148 1118
CH3COCH2C(CH3)2OH (164)
Diacetyl See 2,3-Butanedione.
Diallyl Ether See Allyl Ether.
Diallyl Phthalate 554 330
C6H4(CO2C3H5)2 (290) (166)
1,3-Diaminobutane See 1,3-Butanediamine.
1,3-Diamino-2-Propanol 266 270
NH2CH2CHOHCH2NH2 (130) (132)
1,3-Diaminopropane See 1,3-Propanediamine.
Diamylamine 356 124
(C5H11)2NH (180) (51)
Diamylbenzene 491–536 225
(C5H11)2C6H4 (255–280) (107)
Diamylbiphenyl 687–759 340
C5H11(C6H4)2C5H11 (364–404) (171)
(Diaminodiphenyl)
Di-tert-Amylcyclohexanol 554–572 270
(C5H11)2C6H9OH (290–300) (132)
Diamyidlphenyl See Diamylbiphenyl.
Diamylene 302 118
C10H20 (150) (48)
Diamyl Ether See Amyl Ether.
Diamyl Maleate 505–572 270
(CHCOOC5H11)2 (263–300) (132)
Diamyl Naphthalene 624 315
C10H6(C5H11)2 (329) (159)
2,4-Diamylphenol 527 260
(C5H11)2C6H3OH (275) (127)
Di-tert-Amylphenoxy Ethanol 615 300
C6H3(C5H11)2OC2H4OH (324) (149)
Diamyl Phthalate 475–490 245
C6H4(COOC5H11)2 (246–254) (118)
(Amyl Phthalate) @ 50 mm
Diamyl Sulfide 338–356 185
(C5H11)2S (170–180) (85)
o-Dianisldine 403
[NH2(OCH3)C6H3)2 (206)
(o-Dimethoxybenzidine
Dibenzyl Ether 568 275
(C6H5CH2)2O (298) (135)
(Benzyl Ether)
Dibutoxy Ethyl Phthalate 437 407
C6H4(COOC2H4OC4H9)2 (225) (208)
(oc)
Dibutoxymethane 330–370 140
CH2(OC4H9)2 (166–188) (60)
Dibutoxy Tetraglycol 635 305
(C4H9OC2H4OC2H4)2O (335) (152)
(Tetraethylene Glycol Dibutyl
Ether)
N,N-Dibutylacetamide 469–482 225
CH3CON(C4H9)2 (243–250) (107)
(Continued)
2.370 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Dibutylamine 322 117
(C4H9)2NH (161) (47)
Di-sec-Butylamine 270–275 75
[C2H5(CH3)CH]2NH (132–135) (24)
Dibutylaminoethanol 432 200
(C4H9)2NC2H4OH (222) (93)
1-Dibutylamino-2-Propanol See Dibutylisopropanolamine.
N,N-Dibutylanlline 505–527 230
C6H5N(CH2CH2CH2CH3)2 (263–275) (110)
Di-tert-Butyl-p-Cresol 495–511 261
C6H2(C4H9)2(CH3)OH (257–266) (127)
Dibutyl Ether 286 77 382
(C4H9)2O (141) (25) (194)
(1-Butoxybutane)
(Butyl Ether)
2,5-Di-tert-Butylhydroquinone 420 790
[C(CH3)3]2C6H2(OH)2 (216) (421)
(DTBHQ)
Dibutyl Isophthalate 322
C6H4(CO2C4H9)2 (161)
N,N1-Di-sec-Butyl-p- 270 625
Phenylenediamine (132) (329)
C6H4[-NHCH(CH3)-
CH2CH3]2
Dibutylisopropanolamine 444 205
CH3CHOHCH2N(C4H9)2 (229) (96)
Dibutyl Maleate Decomposes 285
(-CHCO2C4H9)2 (141)
Dibutyl Oxalate 472 220
C4H9OOCCOOC4H9 (244) (104)
Di-tert-Butyl Peroxide 231 65
(CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 (111) (18)
Dibutyl Phthalate 644 315 757
C6H4(CO2C4H9)2 (340) (157) (402)
(Dibutyl-o-Phthatate)
n-Dibutyl Tartrate 650 195 544
(COOC4H9)2(CHOH)2 (343) (91) (284)
(Dibutyl-d-2,3-
Dihydroxybutanedioate)
N,N-Dibutyltoluene- 392 330
sulfonamide (200) (166)
CH3C6H4SO3N(C4H9)2 @10 mm
Dicaproate See Triethylene Glycol.
Dicapryl Phthalate 441–453 395
C6H4[COOCH(CH3)C6H13]2 (227–234) (202)
@4.5 mm
Dichloroacetyl Chloride 225–226 151
CHCl2COCl (107–108) (66)
(Dichloroethanoyl Chloride)
3,4-Dichloroaniline 522 331
NH2C6H3Cl2 (272) (166)
o-Dichlorobenzene 356 151 1198
C6H4Cl2 (180) (66) (648)
(o-Dichlorobenzol)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.371

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
p-Dichlorobenzene 345 150
C6H4Cl2 (174) (66)
2,3-Dichlorobutadiene-1,3 212 50 694
CH2:C(Cl)C(Cl):CH2 (100) (10) (368)
1,2-Dichlorobutane 527
CH3CH2CHClCH2Cl (275)
1,4-Dichlorobutane 311 126
CH2ClCH2CH2CH2Cl (155) (52)
2,3-Dichlorobutane 241–253 194
CH3CHClCHClCH3 (116–123) (90)
1,3-Dichloro-2-Butene 262 80
CH2ClCH:CClCH3 (128) (27)
3,4-Dichlorobutene-1 316 113
CH2ClCHClCHCH2 (158) (45)
1,3-Dichlorobutene-2 258 80
CH2ClCH:CClCH3 (126) (27)
Dichlorodimethylsilane See Dimethyldichlorosilane.
1,1-Dichloroethane See Ethylidene Dichloride.
1,2-Dichloroethane See Ethylene Dichloride.
Dichloroethanoyl Chloride See Dichloroacetyl Chloride.
1,1-Dichloroethylene See Vinylidene Chloride.
Dichloroisopropyl Ether 369 185
ClCH2CH(CH3)OCH(CH3)CH2Cl (187) (85)
[Bis (b-Chloroisopropyl) Ether]
2,2-Dichloro Isopropyl Ether 369 185
[ClCH2CH(CH3)]2O (187) (85)
[Bis(2-Chloro-1-Mothylethyl) Ether]
Dichloromethane See Methylene Chloride.
1,1-Dichloro-1-Nitro Ethane 255 168
CH3CCl2NO2 (124) (76)
1,1-Dichloro-1-Nitro Propane 289 151
C2H5CCl2NO2 (143) (66)
1,5-Dichloropentane 352–358 >80
CH2Cl(CH2)3CH2Cl (178–181) (>27)
(Amylene Chloride)
(Pentamethylene Dichloride)
2,4-Dichlorophenol 410 237
Cl2C6H3OH (210) (114)
1,2-Dichloropropane See Propylene Dichloride.
1,3-Dichloro-2-Propanol 346 165
CH2ClCHOHCH2Cl (174) (74)
1,3-Dichloropropene 219 95
CHCl:CHCH2Cl (104) (35)
2,3-Dichloropropene 201 59
CH2CClCH2Cl (94) (15)
a, b-Dichlorostyrene 225
C6H5CCl:CHCl (107)
Dicyclohexyl See Bicyclohexyl.
Dicyclohexylamine 496 >210
(C6H11)2NH (258) (>99)
(Continued)
2.372 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Dicyclopentadiene 342 90 937
C10H12 (172) (32) (503)
Didecyl Ether 419
(C10H21)2O (215)
(Decyl Ether)
Diesel Fuel Oil 100
No. 1-D Min.
(38)
Diesel Fuel Oil 125
No. 2-D Min.
(52)
Diesel Fuel Oil 130
No. 4-D Min.
(54)
Diethanolomine 514 342 1224
(HOCH2CH2)2NH (268) (172) (662)
1,2-Diethoxyethane See Diethyl Glycol.
Diethylacetaldehyde See 2-Ethylbutyraldehyde.
Diethylacetic Acid See 2-Ethylbutyric Acid.
N,N-Diethyl-acetoacetamide Decomposes 250
CH3COCH2CON(C2H5)2 (121)
Diethyl Acetoacetate 412–424 170
CH3COC(C2H5)2COOC2H5 (211–218) (77)
Decomposes
Diethylamine 134 −9 594
(C2H5)2NH (57) (−23) (312)
2-Diethyl (Amino) Ethanol See N,N-Diethylethanolamine.
2-(Diethylamino) Ethyl Decomposes 195
Acrylate (91)
CH2:CHCOOCH2CH2-
HN(CH3CH2)2
3-(Diethylamino)-Propylamine 337 138
(C2H5)2NCH2CH2CH2NH2 (169) (59)
(N,N-Diethyl-1,3-Propanediamine)
N,N-Diethylaniline 421 185 1166
C6H5N(C2H5)2 (216) (85) (630)
(Phenyldiethylamine)
o-Diethyl Benzene 362 135 743
C6H4(C2H5)2 (183) (57) (395)
m-Diethyl Benzene 358 133 842
C6H4(C2H5)2 (181) (56) (450)
p-Diethyl Benzene 358 132 806
C6H4(C2H5)2 (181) (55) (430)
N,N-Diethyl-1,3-Butanediamine 354–365 115
C2H5NHCH2CH2CHN(C2H5)CH3 (179–185) (46)
[1,3-Bis(ethylamino) Buiane]
D1-2-Ethylbutyl Phthalate 662 381
C6H4[COOCH2CH(C2H5)2]2 350 (194)
Diethyl Carbamyl Chloride 369–374 325–342
(C2H5)2NCOCl (187–190) (163–172)
Diethyl Carbinol See sec-Amyl Alcohol.
Diethyl Carbonate 259 77
(C2H5)2CO3 (126) (25)
(Ethyl Carbonate)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.373

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Diethylcyclohexane 344 120 464
C10H20 (173) (49) (240)
1,3-Diethyl-1,3-Diphenyl Urea 620 302
[(C2H5)(C6H5)N]2CO (327) (150)
Diethylene Diamine 299 144
(150) (62)
Diethylene Dioxide See p-Dioxane.
Diethylene Glycol 472 255 435
O(CH2CH2OH)2 (244) (124) (224)
(2,2-Dihydroxyethyl Ether)
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ether 379 205 465
CH3OC2H4OC2H4OH (193) (96) (240)
(2-(2-Methoxyethoxy) Ethanol)
Diethylene Glycol Methyl 410 180
Ether Acetate (210) (82)
CH3COOC2H4OC2H4OCH3
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl 448 172 400
Ether (231) (78) (204)
C4H9OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl 476 240 570
Ether Acetate (247) (116) (298.9)
C4H9O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OOCCH3
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl 396 201 400
Ether (202) (94) (204)
CH2OHCH2OCH2-CH2OC2H5
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl 424 225 680
Ether Acetate (218) (107) (360)
C2H5O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OOCCH3
Diethylene Glycol 422–437 222 452–485
Monoisobutyl Ether (217–225) (106) (233–252)
(CH3)2CHCH2O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH
Diethylene Glycol 381 205
Monomethyl Ether (194) (96)
CH3O(CH2)O(CH2)2OH
Diethylene Glycol Mono- 581 310
Methyl Ether Formal (305) (154)
CH2(CH3OCH2CH2OCH2CH2O)2
Diethylene Glycol Phthalate 343
C6H4[COO(CH2)2OC2H5]2 (173)
Diethylene Oxide See Tetrahydrofuran.
Diethylene Triamine 404 208 676
NH2CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2 (207) (98) (358)
N,N-Diethylethanolamine 324 140 608
(C2H5)2NC2H4OH (162) (60) (320)
(2-(Diethylamino) Ethanol)
Diethyl Ether See Ethyl Ether.
N,N-Diethylethylene-diamine 293 115
(C2H5)2NC2H4NH2 (145) (46)
Diethyl Fumarate 442 220
C2H5OCOCH:CHCOOC2H5 (217) (104)
Diethyl Glycol 252 95 401
(C2H5OCH2)2 (122) (35) (205)
(1,2-Diethoxyethane)
(Continued)
2.374 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Diethyl Ketone 217 55 842
C2H5COC2H5 (103) (13) (450)
(3-Pentanone)
N,N-Diethyllauramide 331–351 >150
C11H23CON(C2H5)2 (166–177) (>66)
@2 mm
Diethyl Maleate 438 250 662
(–CHCO2C2H3)2 (226) (121) (350)
Diethyl Malonate 390 200
CH2(COOC2H3)2 (199) (93)
(Ethyl Malonate)
Diethyl Oxide See Ethyl Ether.
3,3-Diethylpentane 295 554
CH3CH2C(C2H5)2CH2CH3 (146) (290)
Diethyl Phthalate 565 322 855
C6H4(COOC2H5)2 (296) (161) (457)
p-Diethyl Phthalate See Diethyl Terephthalate.
N,N-Diethylstearamide 246–401 375
C17H35CON(C2H5)2 (119–205) (191)
@1 mm
Diethyl Succinate 421 195
(CH2COOCH2CH3)2 (216) (90)
Diethyl Sulfate Decomposes, 220 817
(C2H5)2SO4 giving (104) (436)
(Ethyl Sulfate) Ethyl Ether
Diethyl Tartrate 536 200
CHOHCOO(C2H5)2 (280) (93)
Diethyl Terephthalate 576 243
C6H4(COOC2H5)2 (302) (117)
(p-Diethyl Phthalate)
3,9-Diethyl-6-tridecanol See Heptadecanol.
Diglycol Chlortormate 256–261 295
O:(CH2CH2OCOCl)2 (124–127) (146)
@5 mm
Diglycol Chlorohydrin 387 225
HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2Cl (197) (107)
Diglycol Diacetate 482 255
(CH3COOCH2CH2)2O (250) (124)
Diglycol Dilevulleate 340
(CH2CH2OOC- (171)
(CH2)2COCH3)2:O
Diglycol Laurate 559–617 290
C16H32O4 (293–325) (143)
Dihexyl See Dodecane.
Dihexylamine 451–469 220
[CH3(CH2)5]2NH (233–243) (104)
Dihexyl Ether See Hexyl Ether.
Dihydropyran 186 0
CH2CH2CH2:CHCHO (86) (−18)
[|
[[[[[[[[ [|
o-Dihydroxybenione 473 260
C6H4(OH)2 (245) (127)
(Pyrocalechol)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.375

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
p-Dihydroxybenione 547 329 959
C6H4(OH)2 (286) (165) (515)
(Hydroquinone)
1,2-Dihydroxybenione See 1,2-Butanediol.
2,2-Dihydroxyethyl Ether See Diethylene Glycol.
2,5-Dihydroxyhexane See 2,5-Hexanediol.
Diisobutylamine 273–286 85
[(CH3)2CHCH2]2NH (134–141) (29)
[Bis(b-Methylpropyl) Amine]
Diisobutyl Carbinol 353 165
[(CH3)2CHCH2]2CHOH (178) (74)
(Nonyl Alcohol)
Diisobutylene See 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-Pentene.
Diisobutylene 214 23 736
(CH3)3CCH2C(CH3):CH2 (101) (−5) (391)
(2,4,4-Trimethy-H2-Pentane)
Diisobutyl Ketone 335 120 745
[(CH3)2CHCH2]2CO (168) (49) (396)
(2,6-Dimethyl-4 Heptanone)
(Isovalerone)
Diisobutyl Phthalate 321 365 810
C6H4[COOCH2OH(CH3)2]2 (327) (185) (432)
Diisodecyl Adipoia 660 225
C10H21O2C(CH2)2CO2-C10H21 (349) (107)
Diisodecyl Phthalate 182 450 755
C6H4(COOC10H21)2 (250) (232) (402)
Diisooctyl Phthalate 398 450
(C8H17COO)2C2H4 (370) (232)
Diisopropanolamine 480 260 705
[CH3CH(OH)-CH2]2NH (249) (127) (374)
Diisopropyl See 2,3-Dimethylbutane.
Diisopropylamine 183 30 600
[(CH3)2CH]2NH (84) (−1) (316)
Diisopropyl Benzene 401 170 840
[(CH3)2CH]2C6H4 (205) (77) (449)
N,N-Diisopropyl-ethanolamine 376 175
[(CH3)2CH]2NC2H4OH (191) (79)
Diisopropyl Ether See Isopropyl Ether.
Diisopropyl Maleate 444 220
(CH3)2CHOCOCH: (229) (104)
CHCOOCH(CH3)2
Diisopropylmethanol See 2,4-Dimethyl-3-Pentanol.
Diisopropyl Peroxydicarbonate Explodes
(CH3)2CHOCOOCOOCH(CH3)2 on heating.
Diketene 261 93
CH2:CCH2C(O)O (127) (34)
[
|
[[[ [ [|
(Vinylaceto-b-Lactone)
2,5-Dimethoxyaniline 518 302 735
NH2C6H3(OCH3)2 (270) (150) (391)
2,5-Dimethoxy Chlorobenzene 460–467 243
C8H9ClO2 (238–242) (117)
1,2-Dimethoxyethane See Ethylene Glycol
Dimethyl Ether.
(Continued)
2.376 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Dimethoxyethyl Phthalate 644 410 750
C6H4(COOCH2CH2OCH3)2 (340) (210) (399)
(Bis(2-methoxyethyl) Phthalate)
Dimethoxymethane See Methylal.
Dimethoxy Tetraglycol 528 285
CH3OCH2(CH2OCH2)3CH2OCH3 (276) (141)
(Tetraethylene Glycol
Dimethyl Ether)
Dimethylacetamide 330 158 914
(CH3)2NC:OCH3 (165) (70) (490)
(DMAC)
Dimethylamine 45 Gos 752
(CH3)2NH (7) (400)
1,2-Dimethylbenzene See o–Xylene.
1,3-Dimethylbenzene See m-Xylene.
1,4-Dimethylbenzene See p-Xylene.
Dimethylbenzylcarbinyl Acetate 205
C6H5CH2C(CH3)2OOCCH3 (96)
(alpha, alpha-Dimethyl-
phenethyl Acelate)
2,2-Dimethylbutane 122 −54 761
(CH3)3CCH2CH3 (50) (–48) (405)
(Neohexane)
2,3-Dimethylbutane 136 −20 761
(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2 (58) (–29) (405)
(Diisopropyl)
1,3-Dimethylbutanol See Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol.
2,3-Dimethyl-1-Butene 133 <–4 680
CH3CH(CH3)C(CH3):CH2 (56) (<–20) (360)
2,3-Dimethyl-2-Butene 163 <–4 753
CH3C(CH3):C(CH3)2 (73) (<–20) (401)
1,3-Dimethylbutyl Acetate 284–297 113
CH3COOCH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2 (140–147) (45)
1,3-Dimethylbutylamine 223–228 55
CH3CHNH2(CH2)CH(CH3)2 (106–109) (13)
(2-Amino-4-Methylpeniane)
Dimethyl Carbinol See Isopropyl Alcohol.
Dimethyl Carbonate See Methyl Carbonate.
Dimethyl Chloracetal 259–270 111 450
ClCH2CH(OCH3)2 (126–132) (44) (232)
Dimethylcyanamide 320 160
(CH3)2NCN (160) (71)
1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane 260 579
(CH3)2C6H10 (127) (304)
1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane ~256 ~50 583
(CH3)2C6H10 (124) (10) (306)
(Hexahydroxylene)
1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane 248 52 579
(CH3)2C6H10 (120) (11) (304)
(Hexahydroxylol)
1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane-cis 255 61
C6H10(CH3)2 (124) (16)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.377

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane-trans 246 51
C6H10(CH3)2 (119) (11)
Dimethyl Decalin 455 184 455
C10H16(CH2)2 (235) (84) (235)
Dimethyldichlorosilane 158 <70
(CH3)2SiCl2 (70) (<21)
(Dichlorodimethylsilane)
Dimethyldioxane 243 75
CH3CHCH2OCH2(CH3)CHO (117) (24)
[|
[[[[[[[[[ [[[|
1,3-Dimethyl-1-3- 585–588 289
Diphenylcyclobutane (307–309) (143)
(C6H5CCH3)2(CH2)2
Dimethylene Oxide See Ethylene Oxide.
Dimethyl Ether See Methyl Ether.
Dimethyl Ethyl Carbinol See 2-Methyl-2-Butanol.
2,4-Dimethyl-3-Ethylpentane 279 734
CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH2H5) (137) (390)
CH(CH3)2 (3-Ethyl-2,4-
Dimethylpentane)
N,N-Dimethylformamide 307 136 833
HCON(CH3)2 (153) (58) (445)
2,5-Dimethylfuran 200 45
OC(CH3):CHCH:C(CH3) (93) (7)
[|
[[[[[ [[[|
Dimethyl Glycol Phthalate 446 369
C6H4[COO(CH2)2OCH3]2 (230) (187)
3,3-Dimethylheptane 279 617
CH3(CH2)3C(CH3)2CH2CH3 (137) (325)
2,6-Dimethyl-4-Heptanone See Diisobutyl Ketone.
2,3-Dimethylhexane 237 45 820
CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)C2H5CH3 (114) (7) (438)
2,4-Dimethylhexane 229 50
CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)C2H5CH3 (109) (10)
Dimethyl Hexynol 302 135
C4H9CCH3(OH)C$CH (150) (57)
(3,5-Dimethyl-1-Hexyn-3-ol)
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 145 5 480
(CH3)2NNH2 (63) (−15) (249)
(Dimethylhydrazine, Unsymmetrical)
Dimethylisophthalate 280
CH3OOCC6H4COOCH3 (138)
N,N-Dimethyliso- 257 95
propanolamine (125) (35)
(CH3)2NCH2CH(OH)CH3
Dimethyl Ketone See Acetone.
Dimethyl Maleate 393 235
(−CHCOOCH3)2 (201) (113)
2,6-Dimethylmorpholine 296 112
CH(CH3)CH2OCH2CH(CH3)NH (147) (44)
[|
[[[[[ [[[ [[ [[ [[
[|
2,3-Dimethyloctane 327 <131 437
CH3(CH2)4CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3 (164) (<55) (225)
3,4-Dimethyloctane 324 <131
C3H7CH(CH3)CH(CH3)C3H7 (162) (<55)
(Continued)
2.378 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
2,3-Dimethylpentaldehyde 293 94
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CHO (145) (34)
2,3-Dimethylpentane 194 <20 635
CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3 (90) (<−7) (335)
2,4-Dimethylpentane 177 10
(CH3)2CHCH2CH(CH3)2 (81) (−12)
2,4-Dimethyl-3-Pentanol 284 120
(CH3)2CHCHOHCH(CH3)2 (140) (49)
(Diisopropylmethanol)
Dimethyl Phthalate 540 295 915
C6H4(COOCH3)2 (282) (146) (490)
Dimethylpiperazine-cis 329 155
C6H14N2 (165) (68)
2,2-Dimethylpropane 49 842
(CH3)4C (9) (450)
(Neopentane)
2,2-Dimethyl-1-Propanol See tert-Butyl Carbinol.
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine 311 147
CH3C:CHN:C(CH3)CH:N (155) (64)
[
|
[[[[[[ [
[[|
Dimethyl Sebacate 565 293
[−(CH2)4COOCH3]2 (296) (145)
(Methyl Sebacate)
Dimethyl Sulfate 370 182 370
(CH3)2SO4 (188) (83) (188)
(Methyl Sulfate)
Dimethyl Sulfide 99 <0 403
(CH3)2S (37) (<−18) (206)
Dimethyl Sulfoxide 372 203 419
(CH3)2SO (189) (95) (215)
(oc)
Dimethyl Terephthalate 543 308 965
C6H4(COOCH3)2 (284) (153) (518)
(Dimethyl-1,4-Benzene Dicarboxylate)
(DMT)
2,4-Dinitroaniline 435
(NO2)2C6H3NH2 (224)
1,2-Dinitro Benzol 604 302
C6H4(NO2)2 (318) (150)
(o-Dinitrobenzene)
Dinitrochlorobenzene 599 382
C6H3Cl(NO2)2 (315) (194)
(Chlorodinitrobenzene)
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 572 404
(NO2)2C6H3CH3 (300) (207)
Dioctyl Adipate 680 402 710
[−(CH2)2COOCH2- (360) (206) (377)
CH(C2H5)C4-H9]2
[Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Adipate]
[Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Adipate]
Dioctyl Azelate 709 440 705
(CH2)7[COOCH2CH(C2H5)C4H9]2 (376) (227) (374)
(Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Azelate)
(Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Azelate)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.379

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Dioctyl Ether 558 >212 401
(C8H17)2O (292) (>100) (205)
(Octyl Ether)
Dioctyl Phthalate 420 735
C6H4[CO2CH2- (215) (390)
CH(C2H5)C4H9]2
[Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate]
[Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate]
p-Dioxane 214 54 356
OCH2CH2OCH2CH2 (101) (12) (180)
[|
[[[[ [[|
(Diethylene Dioxide)
Dioxolane 165 35
OCH2CH2OCH2 (74) (2)
[|
[[[[[[|
Dipe ntene 339 113 458
C10H16 (170) (45) (237)
(Cinene)
(Limonene)
Diphenyl See Biphenyl.
Diphenylamine 575 307 1173
(C6H5)2NH (302) (153) (634)
(Phenylaniline)
1,1-Diphenylbutane 561 >212 851
(C6H5)2CHC3H7 (294) (>100) (455)
1,3-Diphenyl-2-buten-1-one See Dypnone.
Diphenyldichlorosllane 581 288
(C6H5)2SiCl2 (305) (142)
Diphenyldodecyl Phosphite 425
(C6H5O)2POC10H21 (218)
1,1-Diphenylethane (uns) 546 >212 824
(C6H5)2CHCH3 (286) (>100) (440)
1,2-Diphenylethane (sym) 544 264 896
C6H5CH2CH2C6H5 (284) (129) (480)
Diphenyl Ether See Diphenyl Oxide.
Diphenylmethane 508 266 905
(C6H5)2CH2 (264) (130) (485)
(Ditane)
Diphenyl Oxide 496 239 1144
(C6H5)2O (258) (115) (618)
(Diphenyl Ether)
1,1-Diphenylpentane 586 >212 824
(C6H5)2CHC4H9 (308) (>100) (440)
1,1-Diphenylpropane 541 >212 860
CH3CH2CH(C6H5)2 (283) (>100) (460)
Diphenyl Phthalate 761 435
C6H4(COOC6H5)2 (405) (224)
Dipropylamine 229 63 570
(C3H7)2NH (109) (17) (299)
Dipropylene Glycol 449 250
(CH3CHOHCH2)2O (232) (121)
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl 408 186
Ether (209) (86)
CH3OC3H6OC3H6OH
(Continued)
2.380 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Dipropyl Ether See n-Propyl Ether.
Dipropyl Ketone See 4-Heptanone.
Ditane See Diphenylmethane.
Ditridecyl Phthalate 547 470
C6H4(COOC13H27)2 @5 mm (286) (243)
Divinyl Acetylene 183 <−4
($CCH:CH2)2 (84) (<−20)
(1,5-Hexadien-3-yne)
Divinylbenzene 392 169
C6H4(CH:CH2)2 (200) (76)
Divinyl Ether 83 <−22 680
(CH2:CH)2O (28) (<−30) (360)
(Ethenylaxyethene)
(Vinyl Ether)
Dodecane 421 165 397
CH3(CH2)10CH3 (216) (74) (203)
(Dihexyl)
1-Dodecanethiol 289 262
CH3(CH2)11SH (143) (128)
(Dodecyl Mercaptan) @15 mm
(Lauryl Mercaptan)
1-Dodecanol 491 260 527
CH3(CH2)11OH (255) (127) (275)
(Louryl Alcohol)
Dodecyl Bromide See Lauryl Bromide.
Dodecylene (a) 406 <212 491
C16H21CH:CH2 (208) (<100) (255)
(1-Dodecane)
Dodecyl Mercaptan See 1-Dodecanethiol.
tert-Dodecyl Mercaptan 428–451 205
C12H25SH (220–233) (96)
4-Dodecyloxy-2-Hydroxy- 498 715
Benzophenone (254) (379)
C25H34O3
Dodecyl Phenol 597–633 325
C12H25C6H4OH (314–334) (163)
(oc)
Dypnone 475 350
C6H5COCH:C(CH3)C6H5 (246) (177)
(1,3-Diphenyl-2-Buten-1-one) @50 mm
Eicosane 651 >212 450
C20H42 (344) (>100) (232)
Epichlorohydrin 239 88 772
CH2CHOCH2Cl (115) (31) (411)
[|
[[[|
(2-Chloropropylene Oxide)
(g-Chloropropylene Oxide)
1,2-Epoxyethane See Ethylene Oxide.
Erythrene See 1,3-Butadiene.
Ethanal See Acetaldehyde.
Ethane −128 882
CH3CH3 (−89) (472)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.381

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
1,2-Ethanediol See Ethylene Glycol.
1,2-Ethanediol Diformate 345 200
HCOOCH2CH2OOCH (174) (93)
(Ethylene Formate)
(Ethylene Glycol Diformate)
(Glycol Diformate)
Ethanethiol See Ethyl Mercaptan.
Ethanoic Acid See Acetic Acid.
Ethanoic Anhydride See Acetic Anhydride.
Ethanol See Ethyl Alcohol.
Ethanolamine 342 186 770
NH2CH2CH2OH (172) (86) (410)
(2-Amino Ethanol)
(b-Aminoethyl Alcohol)
Ethanoyl Chloride See Acetyl Chloride.
Ethene See Ethylene.
Ethenyl Ethanoate See Vinyl Acetate.
Ethenyloxyethene See Divinyl Ether.
Ether See Ethyl Ether.
Ethine See Acetylene.
Ethoxyacetylene 124 <20
C2H5OC:CH (51) (<−7)
Ethoxybenzene 342 145
C6H5OC2H5 (172) (63)
(Ethyl Phenyl Ether) (Phenetole)
2-Ethoxy-3,4-Dihydro-2-Pyran 289 111
C7H12O2 (143) (44)
2-Ethoxy Ethanol See Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether.
2-Ethoxyethyl Acetate 313 117 716
CH3COOCH2CH2OC2H5 (156) (47) (380)
(Ethyl Glycol Acetate)
3-Ethoxypropanal 275 100
C2H5OC2H4CHO (135) (38)
(3-Ethoxypropionaldehyde)
1-Ethoxypropane See Ethyl Propyl Ether.
3-Ethoxypropionaldehyde 275 100
C2H5OCH2CH2CHO (135) (38)
3-Ethoxypropionic Acid 426 225
C2H5OCH2CH2COOH (219) (107)
Ethoxytriglycol 492 275
C2H5O(C2H4O)3H (256) (135)
(Triethylene Glycol, Ethyl Ether)
Ethyl Abietale 662 352
C19H29COOC2H5 (350) (178)
N-Ethylacetamide 401 230
CH3CONHC2H5 (205) (110)
(Acetoethylamide)
N-Ethyl Acetanilide 400 126
CH3CON(C2H5)(C6H5) (204) (52)
Ethyl Acetate 171 24 800
CH3COOC2H5 (77) (−4) (426)
(Acetic Ester)
(Acetic Ether)
(Ethyl Ethanoate)
(Continued)
2.382 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Ethyl Acetoacetate 356 135 563
C2H5CO2CH2COCH3 (180) (57) (295)
(Acetoacetic Acid, Ethyl Ester)
(Ethyl 3-Oxobutanoate)
Ethyl Acetyl Glycolate −365 180
CH3COOCH2COOC2H5 (−185) (82)
(Ethyl Glycolate Acetate)
Ethyl Acrylate 211 50 702
CH2:CHCOOC2H5 (99) (10) (372)
Ethyl Alcohol 173 55 685
C2H5OH (78) (13) (363)
(Grain Alcohol, Ethanol)
Ethylamine 62 <0 725
C2H5NH2 (17) (<−18) (385)
70% aqueous solution
(Aminoethane)
Ethyl Amino Ethanol 322 160
C2H5NHC2H4OH (161) (71)
[2-(Ethylamino)ethanol]
Ethylaniline 401 185
C2H5NH(C6H5) (205) (85)
Ethylbenzene 277 70 810
C2H5C6H5 (136) (21) (432)
(Ethylbenzol)
(Phenylethane)
Ethyl Benzoate 414 190 914
C6H5COOC2H5 (212) (88) (490)
Ethylbenzol See Ethylbenzene.
Ethyl Bromide 100 None 952
C2H5Br (38) (511)
(Bromoethane)
Ethyl Bromoacetate 318 118
BrCH2COOC2H5 (159) (48)
2-Ethylbutanol See 2-Ethylbutyraldehyde.
Ethyl Butanoate See Ethyl Butyrate.
2-Ethyl-1-Butanol See 2-Ethylbutyl Alcohol.
2-Ethyl-1-Butene 144 <−4 599
(C2H5)2C:CH2 (62) (<−20) (315)
3-(2-Ethylbutoxy) Propionic 392 280
Acid (200) (138)
CH3CH2CH(C2H5)CH2[OCH2CH2COOH @100 mm
2-Ethylbutyl Acetate 324 130
CH3COOCH2CH(C2H5)2 (162) (54)
2-Ethylbutyl Acrylate 180 125
CH2:CHCOOCH2CH[ (82) (52)
(C2H5)C2H5 @10 mm
2-Ethylbutyl Alcohol 301 135
(C2H5)2CHCH2OH (149) (57)
(2-Ethyl-1-Butanol) (oc)
Ethylbutylamine 232 64
CH3CH2CH2CH2[NHCH3CH2 (111) (18)
Ethyl Butylcarbamate See N-Butylurethane.
Ethyl Butyl Carbonate 275 122
(C2H5)(C4H9)CO3 (135) (50)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.383

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Ethyl Butyl Ether 198 40
C2H5OC4H9 (92) (4)
(Butyl Ethyl Ether)
2-Ethyl Butyl Glycol 386 180
(C2H5)2CHCH2OC2H4OH (197) (82)
[2-(2-Ethylbutoxy)ethanol]
Ethyl Butyl Ketone 299 115
C2H5CO(CH2)3CH3 (148) (46)
(3-Heptanone)
2-Ethyl-2-Butyl-1,3-Propanediol 352 280
HOCH2C(C2H5)(C4H9)- (178) (138)
CH2OH @50 mm
2-Ethylbutyraldehyde 242 70
(C2H5)2CHCHO (117) (21)
(Diethyl Acetaldehyde)
(2-Ethylbutanal)
Ethyl Butyrate 248 75 865
CH3CH2CH2COOC2H5 (120) (24) (463)
(Butyric Acid, Ethyl Ester)
(Butyric Ester)
(Ethyl Butanoate)
2-Ethylbutyric Acid 380 210 752
(C2H5)2CHCOOH (193) (99) (400)
(Diethyl Acetic Acid)
2-Ethylcaproaldehyde See 2-Ethylhexanal.
Ethyl Caproate 333 120
C5H11COOC2H5 (167) (49)
(Ethyl Hexoate)
(Ethyl Hexanoate)
Ethyl Caprylate 405–408 175
CH3(CH2)6COOC2H5 (207–209) (79)
(Ethyl Octoate)
Ethyl Octanoate See Diethyl Carbonate.
Ethyl Chloride 54 −58 966
C2H5Cl (12) (−50) (519)
(Chloroethane)
(Hydrochloric Ether)
(Muriatic Ether)
Ethyl Chloroacetate 295 147
ClCH2COOC2H5 (146) (64)
Ethyl Chlorocarbonate See Ethyl Chloroformate.
Ethyl Chloroformate 201 61 932
ClCOOC2H5 (94) (16) (500)
(Ethyl Chlorocarbonate)
(Ethyl Chloromethanoate)
Ethyl Chloromethanoate See Ethyl Chloroformate.
Ethyl Crotonate 282 36
CH3CH:CHCOOC2H5 (139) (2)
Ethyl Cyanoacetate 401–408 230
CH2CNCOOC2H5 (205–209) (110)
Ethylcyclobutane 160 <4 410
C2H5C4H7 (71) (<−16) (210)
(Continued)
2.384 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Ethylcyclohexane 269 95 460
C2H5C6H11 (132) (35) (238)
N-Ethylcyclohexylamine 86
C6H11NHC2H5 (30)
Ethylcyclopentane 218 <70 500
C2H5C5H9 (103) (<21) (260)
Ethyl Decanoate 469 >212
C9H19COOC2H5 (243) (>100)
(Ethyl Caprate)
N-Ethyldiethanolamine 487 280
C2H5N(C2H4OH)2 (253) (138)
Ethyl Dimethyl Methane See Isopentane.
Ethylene −155 842
H2C:CH2 (−104) (450)
(Ethene)
Ethylene Acetate See Glycol Diacetate.
Ethylene Carbonate 351 290
OCH2CH2OCO (177) (143)
[|
[[[[ [[| @100 mm
Ethylene Chlorohydrin See 2-Chloroethanol.
Ethylene Cyanohydrin 445 265
CH2(OH)CH2CN (229) (129)
(Hydracrylonitrile) Decomposes
Ethylenediamine 241 104 725
H2NCH2CH2NH2 (116) (40) (385)
Anydrous 76% 239–252 150
(115–122) (66)
Ethylene Dichloride 183 56 775
CH2ClCH2Cl (84) (13) (413)
(1,2-Dichloroethone)
2,2-Ethylenedioxydiethanol See Triethylene Glycol.
Ethylene Formate See 1,2-Ethanediol Diformate.
Ethylene Glycol 387 232 748
HOC2H4OH (197) (111) (398)
(1,2-Ethanediol)
(Glycol)
Ethylene Glycol n-Butyl Ether 340 150
HOCH2CH2OC4H9 (171) (66)
Ethylene Glycol Diacetate See Glycol Diacetate.
Ethylene Glycol Dibutyl Ether 399 185
C4H9OC2H4OC4H9 (204) (85)
Ethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether 251 95 406
C2H5OCH2CH2OC2H5 (122) (35)
Ethylene Glycol Diformate See 1,2-Ethanediol Diformate.
Ethylene Glycol Dimethyl 174 29 395
Ether (79) (−2) (202)
CH3O(CH2)2OCH3 @630 mm
(1,2-Dimethoxyethane)
Ethylene Glycol Ethylbutyl 386 180
Ether (197) (85)
(C2H5)2CHCH2OCH2CH2OH
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.385

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Ethylene Glycol Ethylhexyl 442 230
Ether (228) (110)
C4H9CH(C2H5)CH2OCH2CH2OH
Ethylene Glycol Isopropyl 289 92
Ether (143) (33)
(CH3)2CHOCH2CH2OH
Ethylene Glycol Monoacetate 357 215
CH2OHCH2OOCCH3 (181) (102)
(Glycol Monoacetate)
Ethylene Glycol Monoacrylate 410 220
CH2:CHCOOC2H4CH (210) (104)
(2-Hydroxyethylacrylate) (oc)
Ethylene Glycol 493 265 665
Monobenzyl Ether (256) (129) (352)
C6H5CH2OCH2CH2OH
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl 340 143 460
Ether (171) (62) (238)
C4H9O(CH2)2(OH)
(2-Butoxyethanol)
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl 377 160 645
Ether Acetate (192) (71) (340)
C4H9O(CH2)2OOCCH3
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl 275 110 455
Ether (135) (43) (235)
HOCH2CH2OC2H5
(2-Ethoxyethanol)
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl 313 124 715
Ether Acetate (156) (52) (379)
CH3COOCH2CH2OC2H5
(Cellosolve Acetate)
Ethylene Glycol Monoisobutyl 316–323 136 540
Ether (158–162) (58) (282)
(CH3)2CHCH2OCH2CH2OH
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl 255 102 545
Ether (124) (39) (285)
CH3OCH2CH2OH
(2-Methoxyethanol)
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl 405 200
Ether Acetal (207) (93)
CH3CH(OCH2CH2OCH3)2
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl 293 120 740
Ether Acetate (145) (49) (392)
CH3O(CH2)2OOCCH3
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl 394 155
Ether Formal (201) (68)
CH2(OCH2CH2OCH3)2
Ethylene Glycol Phenyl 473 260
Ether (245) (127)
C6H5OC2H4OH
(2-Phenoxyethanol)
(Continued)
2.386 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Ethylene Oxide 51 −20 1058
CH2OCH2 (11) with No Air
[
|
[[|
(Dimethylene Oxide)
(1,2-Epoxyethane)
(Oxirane)
Ethylenimine 132 12 608
NHCH2CH2 (56) (−11) (320)
[
|
[[[|
(Aziridine)
Ethyl Ethanoate See Ethyl Acetate.
N-Ethylethanolomine 322 160
C2H5NHC2H4OH (161) (71)
Ethyl Ether 95 −49 356
C2H5OC2H5 (35) (−45) (180)
(Diethyl Ether)
(Diethyl Oxide)
(Ether)
(Ethyl Oxide)
Ethylethylene Glycol See 1,2-Butanediol.
Ethyl Fluoride
C2H5F −36
(1-Fluoroethane) (−38)
Ethyl Formate 130 −4 851
HCO2C2H5 (54) (–20) (455)
(Ethyl Methanoate)
(Formic Acid, Ethyl Ester)
Ethyl Formate (ortho) 291 86
(C2H5O)3CH (144) (30)
(Triethyl Orthoformate)
Ethyl Glycol Acetate See 2-Ethoxyethyl Acetate.
2-Ethylhexaldehyde See 2-Ethylhexanal.
2-Ethylhexanal 325 112 375
C4H9CH(C2H5)CHO (163) (44) (190)
(Butylethylacelaldehyde)
(2-Ethylcaproaldehyde)
(2-Ethylhexaldehyde)
2-Ethyl-1,3-Hexanediol 472 260 680
C3H7CH(OH)CH(C2H5)CH2OH (244) (127) (360)
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid 440 245 700
C4H9CH(C2H5)COOH (227) (118) (371)
(2-Ethyl Hexoic Acid)
2-Ethylhexanol 359 164 448
C4H9CH(C2H5)CH2OH (182) (73) (231)
(2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol)
(Octyl Alcohol)
2-Ethylhexenyl See 2-Ethyl-3-Propylacrolein.
2-Ethylhexoic Acid See 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid.
2-Ethylhexyl Acetate 390 160 515
CH3COOCH2CH(C2H5)C4H9 (199) (71) (268)
(Octyl Acetate)
2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate 266 180 485
CH:CHCOOCH2CH[ (130) (82) (252)
(C2H5)C4H9 @50 mm
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.387

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
2-Ethylhexylamine 337 140
C4H9CH(C2H5)CH2NH2 (169) (60)
N-2-(Ethylhexyl) Anlline 379 325
C6H5NHCH2CH(C2H5)C4H9 (193) (163)
@50 mm
2-Ethylhexyl Chloride 343 140
C4H9CH(C2H5)CH2Cl (173) (60)
N-(2-Ethylhexyl)cyclohexylamine 342 265
C6H11NH[CH2CH[ (172) (129)
(C2H5)C4H9] @50 mm
2-Ethylhexyl Ether 517 235
[C4H9CH(C2H5)CH2]2O (269) (113)
1,1-Ethylidene Dichloride 135–138 2
CH3CHCl2 (57–59) (−17)
(1,1-Dichloroethane)
1,2-Ethylidene Dichloride 183 55 824
ClCH2CH2Cl (84) (13) (440)
Ethyl Isobutyrate 230 <70
(CH3)2CHCOOC2H5 (110) (<21)
2-Ethylisohexanol 343–358 158 600
(CH3)2CHCH2CH(C2H5)CH2OH (173–181) (70) (316)
(2-Ethyl Isohexyl Alcohol)
(2-Ethyl-4-Methyl Pentanol)
Ethyl Lactate 309 115 752
CH3CHOHCOOC2H5 (154) (46) (400)
Tech. 131
(55)
Ethyl Malonate See Diethyl Malonate.
Ethyl Mercaptan 9 <0 572
C2H5SH (35) (<−18) (300)
(Ethanethiol)
(Ethyl Sulfhydrate)
Ethyl Methacrylate 239–248 68
CH2:C(CH3)COOC2H5 (115–120) (20)
(Ethyl Methyl Acrylate)
Ethyl Methanoate See Ethyl Formate.
Ethyl Methyl Acrylate See Ethyl Methacrylate.
Ethyl Methyl Ether See Methyl Ethyl Ether.
7-Ethyl-2-Methyl-4- 507 285
Hendecanol (264) (141)
C4H9CH(C2H5)C2H4-
CHOHCH2CH(CH3)2
Ethyl Methyl Ketone See Methyl Ethyl Ketone
4-Ethylmorpholine 280 90
CH2CH2OC2H4NCH2CH3 (138) (32)
[
|
[ [ [ [[[|
1-Ethylnaphthalene 496 896
C10H7C2H5 (258) (480)
Ethyl Nitrate 190 50
CH3CH2ONO2 (88) (10)
(Nitric Ether)
Ethyl Nitrite 63 −31 194
C2H5ONO (17) (−35) (90)
(Nitrous Ether)
(Continued)
2.388 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
3-Ethyloctane 333 446
C5H11CH(C2H5)C2H5 (167) (230)
4-Ethyloctane 328 445
C4H9CH(C2H5)C3H7 (164) (229)
Ethyl Oxalate 367 168
(COOC2H5)2 (186) (76)
(Oxalic Ether)
(Diethyl Oxalate)
Ethyl Oxide See Ethyl Ether.
p-Ethylphenol 426 219
HOC6H4C2H5 (219) (104)
Ethyl Phenylacetate 529 210
C6H5CH2COOC2H5 (276) (99)
Ethyl Phenyl Ether See Ethoxybenzene.
Ethyl Phenyl Ketone 425 210
C2H5COC6H5 (218) (99)
(Propiophenone)
Ethyl Phthalyl Ethyl Glycolate 608 365
C2H5OCOC6H4OCO- (320) (185)
CH2OCOC2H5
Ethyl Propenyl Ether 158 >19
CH3CH:CHOCH2CH3 (70) (>−7)
Ethyl Proplonate 210 54 824
C2H5COOC2H5 (99) (12) (440)
2-Ethyl-3-Propylacrolein 347 155
C3H7CH:C(C2H5)CHO (175) (68)
(2-Ethylhexenal)
2-Ethyl-3-Propylacrylic Acid 450 330
C3H7CH:C(C2H5)COOH (232) (166)
Ethyl Propyl Ether 147 <−4
C2H5OC3H7 (64) (<−20)
(1-Ethoxypropane)
m-Ethyltoluene 322 896
CH3C6H4C2H5 (161) (480)
(1-Methyl-3-Ethylbenzene)
o-Ethyltoluene 329 824
CH3C6H4C2H5 (165) (440)
(1-Methyl-2-Ethylbenzene)
p-Ethyltoluene 324 887
CH3C6H4C2H5 (162) (475)
(1-Methyl-4-Ethylbenzene)
Ethyl p-Toluene Sulfonamide 208 260
C7H7SO2NHC2H5 (98) (127)
@745 mm
Ethyl p-Toluene Sulfonate 345 316
C7H7SO3C2H5 (174) (158)
Ethyl Vinyl Ether See Vinyl Ethyl Ether.
Ethyne See Acetylene.
Fluorobenzene 185 5
C6H5F (85) (−15)
Formal See Methylal.
Formalin See Formaldehyde.
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.389

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Formaldehyde −3 Gas 795
HCHO (−19) 185 (424)
37% Methanol-free 214 (85)
(101)
37%, 15% Methanol 122
(Formalin) (50)
(Methylene Oxide)
Formamide 410 310
HCONH2 (210) (154)
Decomposes
Formic Acid 213 156 1004
HCOOH (101) (69) (539)
90% Solution 122 813
(50) (434)
Formic Acid, Butyl Ester See Butyl Formate.
Formic Acid, Ethyl Ester See Ethyl Formate.
Formic Acid, Methyl Ester See Methyl Formate.
Fuel Oil No. 1 304–574 100–162 410
(Kerosene) (151–301) (38–72) (210)
(Range Oil)
Fuel Oil No. 2 126–204 494
(52–96) (257)
Fuel Oil No. 4 142–240 505
(61–116) (263)
Fuel Oil No. 5
Light 156–336
Heavy (69–169)
160–250
(71–121)
Fuel Oil No. 6 150–270 765
(66–132) (407)
2-Furaldehyde See Furfural.
Furan 88 <32
CH:CHCH:CHO (31) (<0)
[|
[[[ [ [[[|
(Furfuran)
Furfural 322 140 600
OCH:CHCH:CHCHO (161) (60) (316)
[|
[[[ [ [[|
(2-Furaldehyde)
(Furfuraldehyde)
(Furol)
Furfuraldehyde See Furfural.
Furfuran See Furan.
Furfuryl Acetate 356–367 185
OCH:CHCH:CCH2OOCCH3 (180–186) (85)
[|
[[[ [ [[|
Furfuryl Alcohol 340 167 915
OCH:CHCH:CCH2OH (171) (75) (491)
[|
[[[ [[ [
[| (oc)
Furfurylamine 295 99
C4H3OCH2NH2 (146) (37)
Furol See Furfural.
Fusel Oil See Isoamyl Alcohol.
Gas Oil 500–700 150+ 640
(260–371) (66+) (338)
(Continued)
2.390 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Gasoline 100–400 −45
C5H12 to C9H20 (38–204) (−43)
56–60 Octane −45 536
73 Octane (−43) (280)
92 Octane −36 853
100 Octane (−38) (456)
Gasoline
100–130 (Aviation Grade) −50 824
(−46) (440)
Gasoline
115–145 (Aviation Grade) −50 880
(−46) (471)
Gasoline (Casinghead) 0
(−18)
Glycerine 340 390 698
HOCH2CHOHCH2OH (171) (199) (370)
(Glycerol)
α,β-Glycerine Dichiorohydrin 360 200
CH2ClCHClCH2OH (182) (93)
Glycerol See Glycerine.
Glyceryl Triacetate 496 280 812
(C3H5)(OOCCH3)3 (258) (138) (433)
(Triacelin)
Glyceryl Tributyrate 597 356 765
C3H5(OOCC3H7)3 (314) (180) (407)
(Tributyrin)
(Butyrin)
(Glycerol Tributyrate)
Glyceryl Trinitrate See Nitroglycerine.
Glyceryl Tripropionate 540 332 790
(C2H5COO)3C3H5 (282) (167) (421)
(Tripropionin)
Glycidyl Acrylate 135 141 779
CH2:CHCOOCH2CHCH2O (57) (61) (415)
[|
[
[[| @2 mm
Glycol See Ethylene Glycol.
Glycol Diacetate 375 191 900
(CH2OOCCH3)2 (191) (88) (482)
(Ethylene Acetate)
(Ethylene Glycol Diaceate)
Glycol Dichloride See Ethylene Dichloride.
Glycol Diformate See 1,2-Ethanediol Diformate.
Glycol Dimercaptoacetate 280 396
(HSCH2C:OOCH2[)2 (138) (202)
(GDMA) 1.2 mm
Glycol Monoacetate See Ethylene Glycol
Monoacetate.
Grain Alcohol See Ethyl Alcohol.
Hendecane 384 149
CH3(CH2)9CH3 (196) (65)
(Undecane)
Heptadecanol 588 310
C4H9CH(C2H5)C2H4– (309) (154)
CH(OH)C2H4CH(C2H5)2
(3,9-Diethyl-6-Tridecanol)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.391

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Heptane 209 25 399
CH3(CH2)5CH3 (98) (−4) (204)
2-Heptanol 320 160
CH3(CH2)4CH(OH)CH3 (160) (71)
3-Heptanol 313 140
CH3CH2CH(OH)C4H9 (156) (60)
3-Heptanone See Ethyl Butyl Ketone.
4-Heptanone 290 120
(C3H7)2CO (143) (49)
(Butyrone)
(Dipropyl Ketone)
1-Heptene See Heptylene.
3-Heptene (mixed cis and trans) 203 21
C3H7CH:CHC2C5 (95) (−6)
(3-Heptylene)
Heptylamine 311 130
CH3(CH2)6NH2 (155) (54)
(1-Aminoheptane)
Heptylene 201 <32 500
C5H11CH:CH2 (94) (<0) (260)
(1-Heptene)
Heptylene-2-trans 208 <32
C4H9CH:CHCH3 (98) (<0)
(2-Heptene-trans)
Hexachlorobutadiene 1130
CCl2:CClCCl:CCl2 (610)
Hexachloro Diphenyl Oxide 1148
(C6H2Cl3)2O (620)
[Bis(Trichlorophenyl) Ether]
Hexadecane 549 >212 396
CH3(CH2)14CH3 (287) (>100) (202)
(Cetane)
tert-Hexadecanethiol 298–307 (265)
C16H33SH (148–153) (129)
(Hexadecyl-tert-Mercaptan) @11 mm
Hexadecylene-1 525 >212 464
CH3(CH2)13CH:CH2 (274) (>100) (240)
(1-Hexadecene)
Hexadecyltrichiorosilane 516 295
C16H33SiCl3 (269) (146)
2,4-Hexadienal 339 154
CH3CH:CHCH:CHC(O)H (171) (68)
1,4-Hexadiene 151 −6
CH3CH:CHCH2CH:CH2 (66) (−21)
(Allylpropenyl)
Hexanal 268 90
CH3(CH2)4CHO (131) (32)
(Caproaldehyde)
(Hexaldehyde)
Hexane 156 −7 437
CH3(CH2)4CH3 (69) (−22) (225)
(Hexyl Hydride)
(Continued)
2.392 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
1,2-Hexanediol See Hexylene Glycol.
2,5-Hexanediol 429 230
CH3CH(OH)CH2[CH2CH(OH)CH3 (221) (110)
(2,5-Dihydroxyhexane)
2,5-Hexanedione See Acetonyl Acetone.
1,2,6-Hexanetriol 352 375
HOCH2CH(OH)[(CH2)3CH2OH (178) (191)
@5 mm
Hexanoic Acid See Caproic Acid.
1-Hexanol See Hexyl Alcohol.
2-Hexanone See Methyl Butyl Ketone.
3-Hexanone 253 95
C2H5COC3H7 (123) (35)
(Ethyl n-Propyl Ketone)
1-Hexene 146 <20 487
CH2:CH(CH2)3CH3 (63) (<−7) (253)
(Butyl Ethylene)
2-Hexene-cis 156 <−4
C3H7CH:CHCH3 (69) (<−20)
3-Hexenol-cis 313 130
CH3CH2CH:CHCH2CH2OH (156) (54)
(3-Hexen-l-ol)
(Leaf Alcohol)
Hexyl Acetate 285 113
(CH3)2CH(CH2)3OOCCH3 (141) (45)
(Methylamyl Acetate)
Hexyl Alcohol 311 145
CH3(CH2)4CH2OH (155) (63)
(Amyl Carbinol)
(1-Hexanol)
sec-Hexyl Alcohol 284 136
C4H9CH(OH)CH3 (140) (58)
(2-Hexanol)
Hexylamine 269 85
CH3(CH2)5NH2 (132) (29)
Hexyl Chloride See 1-Chlorohexane.
Hexyl Cinnamic Aldehyde 486 >212
C6H13C(CHO):CHC6H5 (252) (>100)
(Hexyl Cinnamaldehyde)
Hexylene Glycol 385 215
CH2OHCHOH(CH2)3CH3 (196) (102)
(1,2-Hexanediol)
Hexyl Ether 440 170 365
C6H13OC6H13 (227) (77) (185)
(Dihexyl Ether)
Hexyl Methacrylate 388–464 180
C6H13OOCC(CH3):CH2 (198–240) (82)
Hydracrylonitrile See Ethylene Cyanohydrin.
Hydralin See Cyclohexanol.
Hydroquinone 547 329 960
C6H4(OH)2 (286) (165) (516)
(Quinol)
(Hydroquinol)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.393

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound°F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Hydroquinone Di-(β-Hydroxyethyl) Ether 365–392 435 875
@ (224) (468)
C6H4([OCH2CH2OH)2 0.3 mm
(185–200)
Hydroquinone Monomethyl Ether 475 270 790
CH3OC6H4OH (246) (132) (421)
(4-Methoxy Phenol)
(Para-Hydroxyanisole)
o-Hydroxybenzaldehyde See Salicylaldehyde.
3-Hydroxybutanal See Aldol.
b-Hydroxybutyraldehyde See Aldol.
Hydroxycitronellal 201–205 >212
(CH3)2C(OH)(CH2)3— (94–96) (>100)
CH(CH3)CH2CHO @1 mm
(Citronellal Hydrate)
(3,7-Dimethyl-7-Hydroxyoctanal)
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-acetamide See N-Acetyl Ethanolamine.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate 410 214 1.8
(HEA) (210) (101) @100°C
b-Hydroxyethylaniline See 2-Anilinoethanol.
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) 249
Cyclohexylamine (121)
C6H11NH2
CH2OHCH2NHCH2CH2NH2
4-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Morpholine 437 210
C2H4OC2H4NC2H4OH (225) (99)
[|
[[[[[|
1-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Piperazine 475 255
HOCH2CH2[NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2 (246) (124)
[
|
[[[[[ [[[|
n-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Propylenediamine 465 260
CH3CH(NHC2H4OH)CH2NH2 (241) (127)
4-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2-Pentanone See Diacetone Alcohol.
2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropionitrile See Acetone Cyanohydrin.
Hydroxypropyl Acrylate See Propylene Glycol Monoacrylate.
o-Hydroxytoluene See o-Cresol.
Ionone Alpha (α-Ionone) 259–262 >212
C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH:C(CH3)— (126–128) (>100)
[|
[[[[[ [[ [[ [[ [[| @12 mm
CHCH:CHC(CH3):O
(a-Cyclocitrylideneacetone)
[4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-
2-Cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-Buten-2-one]
Ionone Beta (b-Ionone) 284 >212
C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH2– (140) (>100)
C(CH3):CCHCHC(CH3):O @18 mm
(b-Cyclocitrylidene-acetone)
[4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-
Cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-Buten-2-one]
(Continued)
2.394 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Isoamyl Acetate 290 77 680
CH3COOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 (143) (25) (360)
(Banana Oil)
(3-Methyl-1-Butanol Acetate)
(2-Methyl Butyl Ethanoate)
Isoamyl Alcohol 270 109 662
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH (132) (43) (350)
(Isobutyl Carbinol)
(Fusel Oil)
(3-Methyl-1-Butanol)
tert-Isoamyl Alcohol See 2-Methyl-2-Butanol.
Isoamyl Butyrate 352 138
C3H7CO2(CH2)2CH(CH3)2 (178) (59)
(Isopentyl Butyrate)
Isoamyl Chloride 212 <70
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Cl (100) (<21)
(1-Chloro-3-Methylbutane)
Isobornyl Acetate 428–435 190
C10H17OOCCH3 (220–224) (88)
Isobutane 11 860
(CH3)3CH (−12) (460)
(2-Methylpropane)
Isobutyl Acetate 244 64 790
CH3COOCH2CH(CH3)2 (118) (18) (421)
(b-Methyl Propyl Ethanoate)
Isobutyl Acrylate 142–145 86 800
(CH3)2CHCH2OOCCH:CH2 (61–63) (30) (427)
@15 mm
Isobutyl Alcohol 225 82 780
(CH3)2CHCH2OH (107) (28) (415)
(Isopropyl Carbinol)
(2-Methyl-1-Propanol)
Isobutylamine 150 15 712
(CH3)2CHCH2NH2 (66) (−9) (378)
Isobutylbenzene 343 131 802
(CH3)2CHCH2C6H5 (173) (55) (427)
Isobutyl Butyrate 315 122
C3H7CO2CH2(CH3)2 (157) (50)
Isobutyl Carbinol See Isoamyl Alcohol.
Isobutyl Chloride 156 <70
(CH3)2CHCH2Cl (69) (<21)
(1-Chloro-3-Methyl-propane)
Isobutylcyclohexane 336 525
(CH3)2CHCH2C6H11 (169) (274)
Isobutylene See 2-Methylpropene.
Isobutyl Formate 208 <70 608
HCOOCH2CH(CH3)2 (98) (<21) (320)
Isobutyl Heptyl Ketone 412–426 195 770
(CH3)2CHCH2COCH2[ (211–219) (91) (410)
CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2
(2,6,8-Trimethyl-4-Non-anone)
Isobutyl Isobutyrate 291–304 101 810
(CH3)2CHCOOCH2[CH(CH3)2 (144–151) (38) (432)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.395

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Isobutyl Phenylacetate 477 >212
(CH3)2CHCH2OOCCH2C6H5 (247) (>100)
Isobutyl Phosphate 302 275
PO4(CH2CH(CH3)2)3 (150) (135)
(Triisobutyl Phosphate) @20 mm
Isobutyl Vinyl Ether See Vinyl Isobutyl Ether.
Isobutyraldehyde 142 −1 385
(CH3)2CHCHO (61) (−18) (196)
(2-Methylpropanal)
Isobutyric Acid 306 132 900
(CH3)2CHCOOH (152) (56) (481)
Isobutyric Anhydride 360 139 625
[(CH3)2CHCO]2O (182) (59) (329)
Isobutyronitrile 214–216 47 900
(CH3)2CHCN (101–102) (8) (482)
(2-Methylpropanenitrile)
(Isopropylcyanide)
Isodecaldehyde 387 185
C9H19CO (197) (85)
Isodecane 333 410
C7H15CH(CH3)2 (167) (210)
(2-Methylnonane)
Isodecanoic Acid 489 300
C9H19COOH (254) (149)
Isoevgenol 514 >212
(CH3CHCH)C6H3OHOCH3 (268) (>100)
(1-Hydroxy-2 Methoxy-
4-Propenylbanzene)
Isoheptane 194 <0
(CH3)2CHC4H9 (90) (−18)
(2-Methylhexane)
(Ethylisobutylmelhane)
tert-Isohexyl Alcohol 252 115
C2H5(CH3)C(OH)C2H5 (122) (46)
(3-Methyl-3-Pentanol)
Isooctane 210 40 784
(CH3)2CHCH4C(CH3)3 (99) (4.5) (418)
(2,2,4-Trimethylpentane)
Isooctyl Alcohol 83–91 180
C7H15CH2OH (182–195) (82)
(Isooctanol)
Isooctyl Nitrate 106–109 205
C8H17NO3 (41–43) (96)
@1 mm
Isooctyl Vinyl Ether See Vinyl Isooctyl Ether.
Isopentaldehyde 250 48
(CH3)2CHCH2CHO (121) (9)
Isopentane 82 <–60 788
(CH3)2CHCH2CH3 (28) (<–51) (420)
(2-Methylbutane)
(Ethyl Dimethyl Methane)
(Continued)
2.396 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Isopentanoic Acid 361 781
(CH3)2CHCH2COOH (183) (416)
(Isovaleric Acid)
Isophorone 419 184 860
COCHC(CH3)CH2C(CH3)2CH2 (215) (84) (460)
[
|
[[[ [ [ [ [ [ [[ [[[|
Isophthaloyl Chloride 529 356
C6H4(COCl)2 (276) (180)
(m-Phthalyl Dichloride)
Isoprene 93 −65 743
CH2:C(CH3)CH:CH2 (34) (−54) (395)
(2-Methyl-1,3-Butadiene)
Isopropanol See Isopropyl Alcohol.
Isopropenyl Acetate 207 60 808
CH3COOC(CH3):CH2 (97) (16) (431)
(1-Methylvinyl Acetate)
Isopropenyl Acetylene 92 <19
CH2:C(CH3)C:CH (33) (<–7)
2-Isopropoxypropane See Isopropyl Ether.
3-Isopropoxyproplonitrile 149 155
(CH3)2CHOCH2CH2CN (65) (68)
@10 mm
Isopropyl Acetate 194 35 860
(CH3)2CHOOCCH3 (90) (2) (460)
Isopropyl Alcohol 181 53 750
(CH3)2CHOH (83) (12) (399)
(Isopropanol)
(Dimethyl Carbinol) 57
(2-Propanol)
87.9% iso (14)
Isopropylamine 89 −35 756
(CH3)2CHNH2 (32) (−37) (402)
Isopropylbenzene See Cumene.
Isopropyl Benzoate 426 210
C6H5COOCH(CH3)2 (219) (99)
Isopropyl Bicyclohexyl 530–541 255 446
C15H28 (277–283) (124) (230)
2-Isopropylbiphenyl 518 285 815
C15H16 (270) (141) (435)
Isopropyl Carbinol See Isobutyl Alcohol.
Isopropyl Chloride 95 −26 1100
(CH3)2CHCl (35) (−32) (593)
(2-Chloropropane)
Isopropylcyclohexane 310 541
(CH3)2CHC6H11 (154.5) (283)
(Hexahydrocumene)
(Normanthane)
Isopropylcyclohexylamine 93
C6H11NHCHC2H6 (34)
Isopropyl Ether 156 −18 830
(CH3)2CHOCH(CH3)2 (69) (−28) (443)
(2-Isopropoxypropane)
(Diisopropyl Ether)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.397

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Isopropylethylene See 3-Methyl-1-Butene.
Isopropyl Formate 153 22 905
HCOOCH(CH3)2 (67) (−6) (485)
(Isopropyl Methanoate)
4-Isopropylheptane 155 491
C3H7CH(C3H7)C3H7 (68) (255)
(m-Dihydroxybenzene) See Isopropyl Lactate.
Isopropyl-2-Hydroxypropanoate
Isopropyl Lactate 331–334 130
CH3CHOHCCOCH(CH3)2 (166–168) (54)
(Isopropyl-2-Hydroxypropionate)
Isopropyl Methanoate See Isopropyl Formate.
4-Isopropyl-1-Methyl Benzene See p-Cymene.
Isopropyl Vinyl Ether See Vinyl Isopropyl Ether.
Isovalerone See Diisobutyl Ketone.
Jet Fuel 400–550 110–150
Jet A and Jet A-1 (204–288) (43–66)
Jet Fuel −10 to +30
Jet B (−23 to –1)
Jet Fuel −10 to +30 464
JP-4 (−23 to –1) (240)
Jet Fuel 95–145 475
JP-5 (35–63) (246)
Jet Fuel 250 100 446
JP-6 (121) (38) (230)
Kerosene See Fuel Oil No. 1.
Lactonitrile 361 171
CH3CH(OH)CN (183) (77)
Lanolin 460 833
(Wool Grease) (238) (445)
Lard Oil (Commercial or 395 833
Animal) (202) (445)
No. 1 440
(227)
Lard Oil (Pure) 500
(260)
No. 2 419
(215)
Mineral 404
(207)
Lauryl Alcohol See 1-Dodecanol.
Lauryl Bromide 356 291
CH3(CH2)10CH2Br (180) (144)
(Dodecyl Bromide) @45 mm
Lauryl Mercaptan See 1-Dodecanethiol.
Linalool 383–390 160
(CH3)2C:CHCH2CH2C(CH3)— (195-199) (71)
OHCA:CH2
(3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-Octadiene-3-01)
Linseed Oil 600+ 432 650
(316+) (222) (343)
(Continued)
2.398 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Lubricating Oil 680 300–450 500–700
(Paraffin Oil, includes (360) (149–232) (260–371)
Motor Oil)
Lubricating Oil, Spindle 169 478
(Spindle Oil) (76) (248)
Lubricating Oil, Turbine 400 700
(Turbine Oil) (204) (371)
Lynalyl Acetate 226–230 185
(CH3)2C:CHCH2CH2— (108–110) (85)
C([OOCCH3)CH:CH2
(Bergamol)
Maleic Anhydride 396 215 890
(COCH)2O (202) (102) (477)
Marsh Gas See Methane.
2-Mercaptoethanol 315 165
HSCH2CH2OH (157) (74)
Mesitylene See 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene.
Mesityl Oxide 266 87 652
(CH3)2CCHCOCH3 (130) (31) (344)
Metaldehyde subl. 97
(C2H4O)4 233–240 (36)
(112–116)
a-Methacrolein See 2-Methylpropenal.
Methacrylic Acid 316 171 154
CH2:C(CH3)COOH (158) (77) (68)
Methacrylonitrile 194 34
C4H5N (90) (1.1)
Methallyl Alcohol 237 92
CH2C(CH3)CH2OH (114) (33)
Methallyl Chloride 162 11
CH2C(CH3)CH2Cl (72) (−12)
Methane −259 999
CH4 (−162) (537)
(Marsh Gas)
Methanol See Methyl Alcohol.
Methanethiol See Methyl Mercaptan.
o-Methoxybenzaldehyde 275 104
CH3OC6H4CHO (135) (40)
(o-Anisaldehyde)
Methoxybenzene See Anisole.
3-Methoxybutanol 322 165
CH3CH(OCH3)CH2CH2OH (161) (74)
3-Methoxybutyl Acetate 275-343 170
CH3OCH(CH3)CH2CH2OOCCH3 (135–173) (77)
(Butoxyl)
3-Methoxybutyraldehyde 262 140
CH3CH(OCH3)CH2CHO (128) (60)
(Aldol Ether)
2-Methoxyethanol See Ethylene Glycol
Monomethyl Ether.
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.399

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
2-Methoxyethyl Acrylate 142 180
C2H3COOC2H4OCH3 (61) (82)
@17 mm
Methoxy Ethyl Phthalate 376–412 275
(Methox) (191–211) (135)
3-Methoxypropionitrile 320 149
CH3OC2H4CN (160) (65)
3-Methoxypropylamine 241 90
CH3OC3H6NH2 (116) (32)
Methoxy Triglycol 480 245
CH3O(C2H4O)3H (249) (118)
(Triethylene Glycol, Methyl Ether)
Methoxytriglycol Acetate 266 260
CH3COO(C2H4O)3CH3 (130) (127)
Methyl Abietate 680–689 356
C19H29COOCH3 (360–365) (180)
(Abalyn) Decomposes
Methyl Acetate 140 14 850
CH3COOCH3 (60) (−10) 3.1
(Acetic Acid Methyl Ester) (454) 16
(Methyl Acetic Ester)
Methyl Acetic Ester See Methyl Acetate.
Methyl Acetoacetate 338 170 536
CH3CO2CH2COCH3 (170) (77) (280)
P-Methyl Acetophenone 439 205
CH3C6H4COCH3 (226) (96)
(Methyl-p-Tolyl Ketone)
(p-Acetotoluene)
Methylacetylene See Propyne.
Methyl Acrylate 176 27 875
CH2:CHCOOCH3 (80) (−3) (468)
Methylal 111 −26 459
CH3OCH2OCH3 (44) (−32) (237)
(Dimethoxymethane)
(Formal)
Methyl Alcohol 147 52 867
CH3OH (64) (11) (464)
(Methanol)
(Wood Alcohol)
Methylamine 21 806 4
CH3NH2 (−6) (430)
2-(Methylamino) Ethanol See N-Methylethanolamine.
Methylamyl Acetate See Hexyl Acetate.
Methylamyl Alcohol See Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol.
Methyl Amyl Ketone 302 102 740
CH3CO(CH2)4CH3 (150) (39) (393)
2-Heptanone
2-Methylaniline See o-Toluidine.
4-Methylaniline See p-Toluidine.
Methyl Anthranilate 275 >212
H2NC6H4CO2CH3 @15 mm (>100)
(Methyl-ortho-Amino Benzoate) (135)
(Nevoli Oil, Artificial)
(Continued)
2.400 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Methylbenzene See Toluene
Methyl Benzoate 302 181
C6H5COOCH3 (150) (83)
(Niobe Oil)
a-Methylbenzyl Alcohol See Phenyl Methyl Carbinol.
a-Methylbenzylamine 371 175
C6H5CH(CH3)NH2 (188) (79)
a-Methylbenzyl Dimethyl 384 175
Amine (196) (79)
C6H5CH(CH3)N(CH3)2
a-Methylbenzyl Ether 548 275
C6H5CH(CH3)OCH(CH3)C6H5 (287) (135)
2-Methylbiphenyl 492 280 936
C6H5C6H4CH3 (255) (137) (502)
Methyl Borate 156 <80
B(OCH3)3 (69) (<27)
(Trimethyl Borate)
Methyl Bromide 38.4 999
CH3Br (4) (537)
(Bromomethane)
2-Methyl-1,3-Butadiene See Isoprene.
2-Methylbutane See Isopentane.
3-Methyl-2-Butanethiol 230 37
C5H11SH (110) (3)
(Sec-Isoamyl Mercaptan)
2-Methyl-1-Butanol 262 122 725
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2OH (128) (50) (385)
2-Methyl-2-Butanol 215 67 819
CH3CH2(CH3)2COH (102) (19) (437)
(tert-Isoamyl Alcohol)
(Dimethyl Ethyl Carbinol)
3-Methyl-1-Butanol See Isoamyl Alcohol.
3-Methyl-1-Butanol Acetate See Isoamyl Acetate.
2-Methyl-1-Butene 88 <20
CH2:C(CH3)CH2CH3 (31) (<–7)
2-Methyl-2-Butene 101 <20
(CH3)2C:CCHCH3 (38) (<–7)
(Trimethylethylene)
3-Methyl-1-Butene 68 <20 689
(CH3)2CHCH:CH2 (20) (<–7) (365)
(Isopropylethylene)
N-Methylbutylamine 196 55
CH3CH2CH2CH2NHCH3 (91) (13)
2-Methyl Butyl Ethanoate See Isoamyl Acetate.
Methyl Butyl Ketone 262 77 795
CH3CO(CH2)3CH3 (128) (25) (423)
(2-Hexanone)
3-Methyl Butynol 218 77
(CH3)2C(OH)C:CH (103) (25)
2-Methylbutyraldehyde 198–199 49
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CHO (92–93) (9)
Methyl Butyrate 215 57
CH3OOCCH2CH2CH3 (102) (14)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.401

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Methyl Carbonate 192 66
CO(OCH3)2 (89) (19)
(Dimethyl Carbonate) (oc)
Methyl Cellosolve Acetate 292 ~111
CH3COOC2H4OCH3 (144) (~44)
(2-Methoxyethyl Acetate)
Methyl Chloride −11 −50 1170
CH3Cl (−24) (632)
(Chloromethane)
Methyl Chloroacetate 266 135
CH2ClCOOCH3 (130) (57)
(Methyl Chloroethanoate)
Methyl Chloroethanoate See Methyl Chloroacetate.
Methyl-p-Cresol 140
CH3C6H4OCH3 (60)
(p-Methylanisole)
Methyl Cyanide See Acetonitrile.
Methylcyclohexane 214 25 482
CH2(CH2)4CHCH3 (101) (−4) (250)
[|
[[[[[|
(Cyclohexylmethane)
(Hexahydrotoluene)
2-Methylcyclohexanol 329 149 565
C7H13OH (165) (65) (296)
3-Methylcyclohexonol 158 563
CH3C6H10OH (70) (295)
4-Methylcyclohexanol 343 158 563
C7H13OH (173) (70) (295)
Methylcyclohexanone 325 118
C7H12O (163) (48)
4-Methylcyclohexene 217 30
CH:CHCH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2 (103) (−1)
[|
[[[[[[[[[[[ [|
Methylcyclohexyl Acetate 351–381 147
C9H16O2 (177–194) (64)
Methyl Cyclopentadiene 163 120 833
C6H8 (73) (49) (445)
Methylcyclopentane 161 <20 496
C6H12 (72) (<–7) (258)
2-Methyldecane 374 437
CH3(CH2)7CH(CH3)2 (190) (225)
Methyldichlorosilane 106 15 >600
CH3HsiCl2 (41) (−9) (316)
N-Methyldiethanolamine 464 260
CH3N(C2H4OH)2 (240) (127)
1-Methyl-3,5-Diethyl-benzene 394 851
(CH3)C6H3(C2H5)2 (201) (455)
(3,5-Diethyltoluene)
Methyl Dihydroabietate 689–698 361
C19H31COOCH3 (365–370) (183)
Methylene Chloride 104 1033
CH2Cl2 (40) None (556)
(Dichloromethane)
(Continued)
2.402 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Methylenedianiline 748–750 428
H2NC6H4CH2C6H4NH2 (398–399)
(MDA) @78 mm
(p,p′-DiaminodiPhenylmethane) (220)
Methylene Dlisocyanate 185
CH2(NCO)2 (85)
Methylene Oxide See Formaldehyde.
N-Methylethanolamine
CH3NHCH2CH2OH 319 165
(2-(Methylamino) Ethanol) (159) (74)
Methyl Ether −11 Gas 662
(CH3)2O (−24) (350)
(Dimethyl Ether)
(Methyl Oxide)
Methyl Ethyl Carbinol See sec-Butyl Alcohol.
2-Methyl-2-Ethyl- 244 74
1,3-Dioxolane (118) (23)
(CH3)(C2H5)COCH2CH2O
[
|
[ [[[ [|
Methyl Ethylene Glycol See Propylene Glycol.
Methyl Ethyl Ether 51 −35 374
CH3OC2H5 (11) (−37) (190)
(Ethyl Methyl Ether)
2-Methyl-4-Ethylhexane 273 <70 536
(CH3)2CHCH2CH(C2H5)2 (134) (<21) (280)
(4-Ethyl-2-Methylhexane)
3-Methyl-4-Ethylhexane 284 75
C2H5CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)2 (140) (24)
(3-Ethyl-4-Methylhexane)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone 176 16 759
C2H5COCH3 (80) (−9) (404)
(2-Butanone)
(Ethyl Methyl Ketone)
Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime 306–307 156–170
CH3C(C2H5):HOH (152–153) (69–77)
2-Methyl-3-Ethylpentane 241 <70 860
(CH3)2CHCH(C2H5)2 (116) (<21) (460)
(3-Ethyl-2-Methylpentane)
2-Methyl-5-Ethyl-piperidine 326 126
NHCH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(C2H5)CH2 (163) (52)
[|
[[[[[[[[[[[ [[ [[
[|
2-Methyl-5-Ethylpyridine 353 155
N:C(CH3)CH:CHC(C2H5):CH (178) (68)
[|
[[[[[[[[[ [ [[ [[|
Methyl Formate 90 −2 840
CH3OOCH (32) (−19) (449)
(Formic Acid, Methyl Ether)
2-Methylfuran 144–147 −22
C4H3OCH3 (62–64) (−30)
(Sylvan)
Methyl Glycol Acetate 111
CH2OHCHOHCH2CO1CH3 (44)
(Propylene Glycol Acetate)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.403

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Methyl Heptolocyl Ketone 329 255
C17H35COCH3 (165) (124)
@3 mm
Methylheptenone 343–345 135
(CH3)2C:CH(CH2)2COCH3 (173–174) (57)
(6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-one)
Methyl Heptine Carbonate 190
CH3(CH2)4C:CCOOCH3 (88)
(Methyl 2-Octynoate)
Methyl Heptyl Ketone 361–383 140 680
C7H15COCH4 (183–195) (60) (360)
(5-Methyl-2-Octanone)
2-Methylhexane 194 <0 536
(CH3)2CH(CH2)3CH3 (90) (<–18) (280)
3-Methylhexane 198 25 536
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3 (92) (−4) (280)
Methyl Hexyl Ketone 344 125
CH3COC6H13 (173.5) (52)
(2-Octanone)
(Octanone)
Methyl-3-Hydroxybutyrate 347 180
CH3CHOHCH2COOCH3 (175) (82)
Methyl Ionone 291 >212
C14H22O (144) (>100)
(Irone) @16 mm
Methyl Isoamyl Ketone 294 96 375
CH3COCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 (146) (36) (191)
Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol 266–271 106
CH3CHOHCH2CHCH3CH3 (130–133) (41)
(1,3-Dimethylbutanol)
(4-Methyl-2-Pentanol)
(Methylamyl Alcohol)
Methylisobutylcarbinol Acetate See 4-Methyl-2-
Pentanol Acetate.
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 244 64 840
CH3COCH2CH(CH3)2 (118) (18) (448)
(Hexone)
(4-Methyl-2-Pentanone)
Methyl Isopropenyl Ketone 208
CH2COC:CH2(CH3) (98)
Methyl Isocyanate 102 19 994
CH3NCO (39) (−7) (534)
(Methyl Carbonimide)
Methyl Iso Eugenol 504–507 >212
CH3CH:CHC6H3(OCH3)2 (262–264) (>100)
(Propenyl Guaiacol)
Methyl Lactate 293 121 725 @2.2 mm
CH3CHOHCOOCH3 (145) (49) (385)
@2.2 mm 212
(100)
Methyl Mercaptan 42.4
CH3SH (6)
(Methanethiol)
(Continued)
2.404 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
b-Methyl Mercapto- ~329 142 491
propionaldehyde (~165) (61) (255)
CH3SC2H4CHO
(3-(Methylthio)
Propionalde-hyde)
Methyl Methacrylate 212 50
CH2:C(CH3)COOCH3 (100) (10)
Methyl Methanoate See Methyl Formate.
4-Methylmorpholine 239 75
C2H4OC2H4NCH3 (115) (24)
[|
[[
[ [[ [ [
[|
1-Methylnaphthalene 472 984
C10H7CH3 (244) (529)
Methyl Nonyl Ketone 433 192
C9H19COCH3 (223) (89)
Methyl Oxide See Methyl Ether.
Methyl Pentadecyl Ketone 313 248
C15H31COCH3 (156) (120)
@3 mm
2-Methyl-1,3-Pentadiene 169 <–4
CH2:C(CH3)CH:CHCH3 (76) (<–20)
4-Methyl-1,3-Pentadiene 168 −30
CH2:CHCH2:C(CH3)2 (76) (−34)
Methylpentaldehyde 243 68
CH3CH2CH2C(CH3)HCHO (117) (20)
[|
[[[[[[[[[ [ [ [
[|
(Methyl Pentanal)
Methyl Pentanal See Methylpentaldehyde.
2-Methylpentane 140 <20 583
(CH3)2CH(CH2)2CH3 (60) (<–7) (306)
(Isohexane)
3-Methylpentane 146 <20 532
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3 (63) (<–7) (278)
2-Methyl-1,3-Pentanediol 419 230
CH3CH2CH(OH)CH(CH3)CH2OH (215) (110)
2-Methyl-2,4-Pentanediol 385 205
(CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH(OH)CH3 (196) (96)
2-Methylpentanoic Acid 381 225 712
C3H7CH(CH3)COOH (194) (107) (378)
2-Methyl-1-Pentanol 298 129 590
CH3(CH2)2CH(CH3)CH2OH (148) (54) (310)
4-Methyl-2-Pentanol See Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol.
4-Methyl-2-Pentanol Acetate 295 110 660
CH3COOCH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2 (146) (43) (349)
(Methylisobutylcarbinol Acetate)
4-Methyl-2-Pentanone See Methyl Isobutyl Ketone.
2-Methyl-1-Pentene 143 <20 572
CH2:C(CH3)CH2CH2CH3 (62) (<−7) (300)
4-Methyl-1-Pentene 129 <20 572
CH2:CHCH2CH(CH3)2 (54) (<–7) (300)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.405

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
2-Methyl-2-Pentene 153 <20
(CH3)2C:CHCH2CH3 (67) (<–7)
4-Methyl-2-Pentene 133–137 <20
CH3CH:CHCH(CH3)2 (56–58) (<–7)
3-Methyl-1-Pentynol 250 101
(C2H5)(CH3)C(OH)C:CH (121) (38)
o-Methyl Phenol See o-Cresol.
Methyl Phenylacetate 424 195
C6H5CH2COOCH3 (218) (91)
Methylphenyl Carbinol 399 200
C6H5CH(CH3)OH (204) (93)
(a-Methylbenzyl Alcohol)
(Styralyl Alcohol)
(sec-Phenethyl Alcohol)
Methyl Phenyl Carbinyl Acetate 195
C6H5CH(CH3)OOCH3 (91)
(a-Methyl-Benzyl Acetate)
(Styrolyl Acetate)
(sec-Phenylethyl Acetate)
(Phenyl Methylcarbinyl
Acetate)
Methyl Phenyl Ether See Anisole.
Methyl Phthalyl Ethyl 590 380
Glycolate (310) (193)
CH3COOC6H4COO–
CH2COOC2H5
1-Methyl Piperazine 280 108
CH3NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2 (138) (42)
[
|
[
[
[[[[ [ [[
[|
2-Methylpropanal See Isobutyraldehyde.
2-Methylpropane See Isobutane.
2-Methyl-2-Propanethiol 149–153 <–20
(CH3)3CSH (65–67) (<–29)
(tert-Butyl Mercaptan)
2-Methyl Propanol-1 See Isobutyl Alcohol.
2-Methyl-2-Propanol See tert-Butyl Alcohol.
2-Methylpropenal 154 35
CH2:C(CH3)CHO (68) (2)
(Methacrolein)
(a-Methyl Acrolein)
2-Methylpropene 20 869
CH2:C(CH3)CH3 (−7) (465)
(g-Butylene)
(Isobutylene)
Methyl Propionate 176 28 876
CH3COOCH2CH3 (80) (−2) (469)
Methyl Propyl Acetylene 185 <14
CH3C2H4ClCCH3 (85) (<–10)
(2-Hexyne)
Methyl Propyl Carbinol 247 105
CH3CHOHC3H7 (119) (41)
(2-Pentanol)
(Continued)
2.406 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Methylpropylcarbinylumine See sec-Amylamine.
Methyl n-Propyl Ether 102 <–4
CH3OC3H7 (39) (<–20)
Methyl Propyl Ketone 216 45 846
CH3COC3H7 (102) (7) (452)
(2-Pentanone)
2-Methylpyrazine 122
N:C(CH3)CH:NCH:CH (50)
[|
[
[ [[[[ [ [ [
[|
2-Methyl Pyridine See 2-Picoline.
Methylpyrrole 234 61
N(CH3)CH:CHCH:CH (112) (16)
[|
[
[ [[[[ [ [ [
[|
Methylpyrrolidine 180 7
CH3NC4H5 (82) (−14)
1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone 396 204 655
CH3NCOCH2CH2CH2 (202) (96) (346)
[
|
[[[[[[ [|
(N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone)
Methyl Salicylate 432 205 850
HOC6H4COOCH3 (222) (96) (454)
(Oil of Wintergreen)
(Gaultheria Oil)
(Betula Oil)
(Sweet-Birch Oil)
Methyl Stearate 421 307
C17H35COOCH3 (216) (153)
a-Methylstyrene 329–331 129 1066
1-Methylethenyl Benzene (165–166) (54) (574)
1-Methyl-1-phenylethene
Methyl Sulfate See Dimethyl Sulfate.
2-Methyltetrahydrofuran 176 12
C4H7OCH3 (80) (−11)
Methyl Toluene Sulfonate 315 306
CH3C6H4SO3CH3 (157) (152)
@8 mm
Methyltrichlorosilane 151 15 >760
CH3SiCl3 (66) (−9) (>404)
(Methyl Silico Chloroform)
(Trichloromethylsilane)
Methyl Undecyl Ketone 248 225
C11H23COCH3 (120) (107)
(2-Tridecanone)
1-Methylvinyl Acetate See Isopropenyl Acetate.
Methyl Vinyl Ether See Vinyl Methyl Ether.
Methyl Vinyl Ketone 177 20 915
CH3COCH:CH2 (81) (−7) (491)
Mineral Wax See Wax, Ozocerite.
Morpholine 262 98 555
OC2H4NHCH2CH2 (128) (37) (290)
[
|
[[[[[ [[[|
Mustard Oil 304 115
C3H5N:C:S (151) (46)
(Allyl Isothiocyanate)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.407

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Naphtha, Coal 107 531
(42) (277)
Naphtha, Petroleum See Petroleum Ether.
Naphtha V.M. & P., 50° Flash 240–290 50 450
(10) (116–143) (10) (232)
Naphtha V.M. & P., High Flash 280–350 85 450
(138–177) (29) (232)
Naphtha V.M. & P., Regular 212–320 28 450
(100–160) (−2) (232)
Naphthalene 424 174 979
C10H8 (218) (79) (526)
b-Naphthol 545 307
C10H7OH (285) (153)
(b-Hydroxy Naphthalene)
(2-Naphthol)
1-Naphthylamine 572 315
C10H7NH2 (300) (157)
Nechexane See 2,2-Dimethylbutane.
Neopentone See 2,2-Dimethylpropane.
Neopentyl Glycol 410 265 750
HOCH2C(CH3)2CH2OH (210) (129) (399)
(2,2-Dimethyl 1,3
Propanediol)
Nicoline 475 471
C10H14N2 (246) (244)
Niobe Oil See Methyl Benzoate.
Nitric Ether See Ethyl Nitrate.
p-Nitroaniline 637 390
NO2C6H4NH2 (336) (199)
Nitrobenzene 412 190 900
C6H5NO2 (211) (88) (482)
(Nitrobenzol)
(Oil of Mirbane)
1,3-Nitrobenzotrifluoride 397 217
C6H4NO2CF3 (203) (103)
a,m,a-Trifluoronitrotoluene
Nitrobenzol See Nitrobenzene.
Nitrobiphenyl 626 290
C6H5C6H4NO2 (330) (143)
p-Nitrochlorobenzene 468 261
C6H4ClNO2 (242) (127)
(1-Chloro-4-Nitrobenzene)
Nitrocyclohexane 403 190
CH2(CH2)4CHNO2 (206) (88)
Decomposes
Nitroethane 237 82 778
C2H5NO2 (114) (28) (414)
Nitroglycerine 502 Explodes 518
C3H5(NO3)3 (261) (270)
(Glyceryl Trinitrate) Explodes
Nitromethane 214 95 785
CH3NO2 (101) (35) (418)
1-Nitronaphthalene 579 327
C10H7NO2 (304) (164)
(Continued)
2.408 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
1-Nitropropane 268 96 789
CH3CH2CH2NO2 (131) (36) (421)
2-Nitropropane 248 75 802
CH3CH(NO2)CH3 (120) (24) (428)
(sec-Nitropropane)
sec-Nitropropane See 2-Nitropropane.
m-Nitrotoluene 450 223
C6H4CH3NO2 (232) (106)
o-Nitrotoluene 432 223
C6H4CH3NO2 (222) (106)
p-Nitrotoluene 461 223
HO2C6H4CH3 (238) (106)
2-Nitro-p-toludine 315
CH3C6H3(NH2)NO2 (157)
Nitrous Ether See Ethyl Nitrite.
Nonadecane 628 >212 446
CH3(CH2)17CH3 (331) (>100) (230)
Nonane 303 88 401
C9H20 (151) (31) (205)
Nonane (iso) 290 428
C6H13CH(CH3)2 (143) (220)
(2-Methyloctane)
Nonane 291 428
C5H11CH(CH3)C2H5 (144) (220)
(3-Methyloctane)
Nonane 288 437
C4H9CH(CH3)C3H7 (142) (225)
(4-Methyloctane)
Nonene 270–290 78
C9H18 (132–143) (26)
(Nonylene)
Nonyl Acetate 378 155
CH2COOC9H19 (192) (68)
Nonyl Alcohol See Diisobutyl Carbinol.
Nonylbenzene 468–486 210
C9H19C6H5 (242–252) (99)
tert-Nonyl Mercaptan 370–385 154
C9H19SH (188–196) (68)
Nonylnaphthalene 626–653 <200
C9H19C10H7 (330–345) (<93)
Nonylphenol 559–567 285
C6H4(C9H19)OH (293–297) (141)
2,5-Norbornadiene 193 −6
C7H8 (89) (−21)
(NBD)
Octadecane 603 >212 441
C18H38 (317) (>100) (227)
Octadecylene a 599 >212 482
CH3(CH2)15CH:CH2 (315) (>100) (250)
(1-Octadecene)
Octadecyltrichlorosilane 716 193
C18H37SiCl3 (380) (89)
(Trichlorooctadecylsilane)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.409

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Octadecyl Vinyl Ether See Vinyl Octodecyl Ether.
Octane 258 56 403
CH3(CH2)6CH3 (126) (13) (206)
1-Octanethiol 390 156
C8H17SH (199) (69)
(n-Octyl Mercapian)
1-Octanol See Octyl Alcohol.
2-Octanol 363 190
CH3CHOH(CH2)5CH3 (184) (88)
1-Octene 250 70 446
CH2:C7H14 (121) (21) (230)
Octyl Acetate See 2-Ethylhexyl Acetate.
Octyl Alcohol 381 178
CH3(CH2)6CH2OH (194) (81)
(1-Octanol)
Octylamine 338 140
CH3(CH2)6CH2NH2 (170) (60)
(1-Aminooctane)
tert-Octylamine 284 91
(CH3)3CCH2C(CH3)2NH2 (140) (33)
(1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-
butylamine)
Octyl Chloride 359 158
CH3(CH2)7Cl (182) (70)
Octylene Glycol 475 230 635
(CH3(CH2)2CHOH)2 (246) (110) (335)
tert-Octyl Mercaptan 318–329 115
C8H17SH (159–165) (46)
(oc)
p-Octylphenyl Salicylate 420 780
C21H26O3 (216) (416)
Oil of Mirbane See Nitrobenzene.
Oil of Wintergreen See Methyl Salicylate.

Oleic Acid 547 372 685

C8H17CH:CH(CH2)7COOH (286) (189) (363)
(Red Oil)
Distilled 364
(184)
Oxalic Ether See Ethyl Oxalate.
Oxirane See Ethylene Oxide.
Paraffin Oil 444
(See also Lubricating Oil) (229)
Paraformaldehyde 158 572
HO(CH2O)nH (70) (300)
Paraldehyde 255 96 460
(CH3CHO)3 (124) (36) (238)
1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethyl 449 200 800 est
Benzene (232) (93) (427)
C6H(CH3)5
(Pentamethylbenzene)
(Continued)
2.410 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Pentamethylene Dichloride See 1,5-Dichloropentane.
Pentamethylene Glycol See 1,5-Pentanediol.
Pentamethylene Oxide 178 −4
O(CH2)4CH2 (81) (−20)
[|
[[[[[|
(Tetrahydropyran)
Pentanal See Valeraldehyde.
Pentane 97 <–40 500
CH3(CH2)3CH3 (36) (<–40) (260)
1,5-Pentanediol 468 265 635
HO(CH2)5OH (242) (129) (335)
(Pentamethylene Glycol)
2,4-Pentanedione 284 93 644
CH3COCH2COCH3 (140) (34) (340)
(Acetyl Acetone)
Pentanoic Acid 366 205 752
C4H9COOH (186) (96) (400)
(Valeric Acid)
1-Pentanol See Amyl Alcohol.
2-Pentanol See Methyl Propyl Carbinol.
3-Pentanol 241 105 815
CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3 (116) (41) (435)
(tert-n-Amyl Alcohol)
1-Pentanol Acetate See Amyl Acetate.
2-Pentanol Acetate See sec-Amyl Acetate.
2-Pentanone See Methyl Propyl Ketone.
3-Pentanone See Diethyl Ketone.
Pentaphen 482 232
C5H11C6H4OH (250) (111)
(p-tert-Amyl Phenol)
1-Pentene 86 0 527
CH3(CH2)2CH:CH2 (30) (−18) (275)
(Amylene)
1-Pentene-cis See b-Amylene-cis.
2-Pentene-trans See b-Amylene-trans.
Pentylamine See Amylamine.
Pentyloxypentane See Amyl Ether.
Pentyl Propionate See Amyl Propionate.
1-Pentyne 104 <–4
HC1CC3H7 (40) (<–20)
(n-Propyl Acetylene)
Perchloroethylene 250 None None
Cl2C˙CCl2 (121)
(Tetrachloroethylene)
Perhydrophenanthrene 187–192 475
C14H24 (86–89) (246)
(Tetradecahydro
Phenanthrene)
Petroleum, Crude Oil 20–90
(−7 to 32)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.411

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Petroleum Ether 95–140 <0 550
(Benzine) (35–60) (<–18) (288)
(Petroleum Naphtha)
Petroleum Pitch See Asphalt.
b-Pheliandrene 340 120
CH2:CCH:CHCH[CH(CH3)2]CH2CH2 (171) (49)
[|
[
[ [[[[ [[[ [[ [[[[
[|
(p-Mentha-1(7), 2-Diene)
Phenanthrene 644 340
(C6H4CH)2 (340) (171)
(Phenanthrin)
Phenethyl Alcohol 430 205
C6H5CH2CH2OH (221) (96)
(Benzyl Carbinol)
(Phenylethyl Alcohol)
o-Phenetidine 442–446 239
H2NC6H4OC2H5 (228–230) (115)
(2-Ethoxyaniline)
(o-Amino-Phenetole)
p-Phenetidine 378–484 241
C2H5OC0H4NH2 (192–251) (116)
(1-Amino-4-Ethoxy-benzene)
(p-Aminophenetole)
Phenetole See Ethoxybenzene.
Phenol 358 175 1319
C6H5OH (181) (79) (715)
(Carbolic Acid)
2-Phenoxyethanol See Ethylene Glycol,
Phenyl Ether.
Phenoxy Ethyl Alcohol 468 250
C6H5O(CH2)2OH (242) (121)
(2-Phenoxyethanol)
(Phenyl Cellosolve)
N-(2-Phenoxyethyl) Anlline 396 338
C6H5O(CH2)3NHC6H5 (202) (170)
b-Phenoxyethyl Chloride See b-Chlorophenetole.
Phenylacetaldehyde 383 160
C6H5CH2CHO (195) (71)
(a-Toluic Aldehyde)
Phenyl Acetate 384 176
CH3COOC6H5 (196) (80)
(Acetylphenol)
Phenylocetic Acid 504 >212
C6H5CH2COOH (262) (>100)
(a-Toluic Acid)
Phenylamine See Aniline.
N-Phenylaniline See Diphenylamine.
Phenylbenzene See Biphenyl.
Phenyl Bromide See Bromobenzene.
Phenyl Carbinol See Benzyl Alcohol.
Phenyl Chloride See Chlorobenzene.
Phenyicyclohexane See Cyclohexylbenzene.
Phenyl Didecyl Phosphite 425
(C6H5O)P(OC10H21)2 (218)
(Continued)
2.412 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
N-Phenyldiethanolamine 376 385 730
C6H5N(C2H4OH)2 (191) (196) (387)
Phenyidiethylamine See N,N-Diethylaniline.
o-Phenylenediamine 513 313
NH2C6H4NH2 (267) (156)
(1,2-Diaminobenzene)
Phenylethane See Ethylbenzene.
N-Phenylethanolamine 545 305
C6H5NHC2H4OH (285) (152)
Phenylethyl Acetate (b) 435 230
C6H5CH2CH2OOCCH3 (224) (110)
Phenylethyl Alcohol See Phenethyl Alcohol.
Phenylethylene See Styrene.
N-Phenyl-N-Ethyl- 514 270 685
ethanolamine (268) (132) (362)
C6H5N(C2H5)C2H4OH @740 mm (oc)

Phenylhydrazine Decomposes 190

C6H5NHNH2 (88)
Phenylmethane See Toluene.
Phenylmethyl Ethanol Amine 378 280
C6H5N(CH3)C2H4OH (192) (138)
(2-(N-Methylaniline)- @100 mm
Ethanol)
Phenyl Methyl Ketone See Acetophenone.
4-Phenylmorpheline 518 220
C6H5NC2H4OCH2CH2 (270) (104)
[
|
[
[ [[[ [[[| (oc)

Phenylpentane See Amylbenzene.

o-Phenylphenol 547 255 986
C6H5C6H4OH (286) (124) (530)
Phenylpropane See Propylbenzene.
2-Phenylpropane See Cumene.
Phenylpropyl Alcohol 426 212
C6H5(CH2)3OH (219) (100)
(Hydrocinnamic Alcohol)
(3-Phenyl-l-propanol)
(Phenylethyl Carbinol)
Phenyl Propyl Aldehyde 205
C6H5CH2CH2CHO (96)
(3-Phenylpropionaldehyde)
(Hydrocinnamic Aldehyde)
Phenyl Toluene o 500 >212 923
C6H5C6H4CH3 (260) (>100) (495)
(2-Methylbiphenyl)
Phorone 388 185
(CH3)2CCHCOCHC(CH3)2 (198) (85)
Phosphine −126 212
PH3 (−88) (100)
Phthalic Acid 552 334
C6H4(COOH)2 (289) (168)
Phthalic Anhydride 543 305 1058
C6H4(CO)2O (284) (152) (570)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.413

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
m-Phthalyl Dichloride See Isophthaloyl Chloride.
2-Picoline 262 102 1000
CH3C5H4N (128) (39) (538)
(2-Methylpyridine) (oc)
4-Picoline 292 134
CH3C5H4N (144) (57)
(4-Methylpyridine)
Pinane 336 523
C10H18 (151) (273)
a-Pinene 312 91 491
C10H16 (156) (33) (255)
Pine Oil 367–439 172
Steam Distilled (186–226) (78)
138
(59)
Pine Pitch 490 285
(254) (141)
Pine Tar 208 130 671
(98) (54) (355)
Pine Tar Oil 144
(Wood Tar Oil) (62)
Piperazine 294 178
HNCH2CH2NHCH2CH2 (146) (81)
[
|
[[[[[[[ [[ [[[
[| (oc)
Piperidine 223 61
(CH2)5NH (106) (16)
(Hexahydropyridine)
Polyamyl Naphthalene 667–747 360
Mixture of Polymers (353–397) (182)
Polyethylene Glycols 360–550
OH(C2H5O)nC2H4OH (182–287)
Polyoxyethylene Lauryl Ether >200
C12H25O(OCH2CH2)nOH (>93)
Polypropylene Glycols Decomposes 365
OH(C3H6O)nC3H4OH (185)
Polyvinyl Alcohol Mixture of 175
Polymers (79)
Potasslum Xanthate 392 205
KS2C-OC2H5 (200) (96)
Decomposes
Propanal 120 −22 405
CH3CH2CHO (49) (−30) (207)
(Propionaldehyde)
Propane −44 842
CH3CH2CH3 (−42) (450)
1,3-Propanediamine 276 75
NH2CH2CH2CH2NH2 (136) (24)
(1,3-Diaminopropane)
(Trimethylenediamine)
1,2-Propanediol See Propylene Glycol.
1,3-Propanediol See Trimethylene Glycol.
1-Propanol See Propyl Alcohol.
(Continued)
2.414 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
2-Propanol See Isopropyl Alcohol.
2-Propanone See Acetone.
Propanoyl Chloride See Propionyl Chloride.
Propargyl Alcohol 239 97
HC1CCH2OH (115) (36)
(2-Propyn-1-ol)
Propargyl Bromide 192 50 615
HC1CCH2Br (89) (10) (324)
(3-Bromopropyne)
Propene See Propylene.
2-Propenylamine See Allylamine.
Propenyl Ethyl Ether 158 <20
CH3CH:CHOCH2CH3 (70) (<–7)
b-Propiolactone 311 165
C3H4O2 (155) (74)
Propionaldehyde See Propanal.
Propionic Acid 297 126 870
CH3CH2COOH (147) (52) (465)
Propionic Anhydride 336 145 545
(CH3CH2CO)2O (169) (63) (285)
Propionic Nitrile 207 36
CH3CH2CN (97) (2)
(Propionitrile)
Propionic Chloride 176 54
CH3CH2COCl (80) (12)
(Propanoyl Chloride)
Propyl Acetate 215 55 842
C3H7OOCCH3 (102) (13) (450)
(Acetic Acid, n-Propyl Ester)
Propyl Alcohol 207 74 775
CH3CH2CH2OH (97) (23) (412)
(1-Propanol)
Propylamine 120 −35 604
CH3(CH2)2NH2 (49) (−37) (318)
Propylbenzene 319 86 842
C3H7C6H5 (159) (30) (450)
(Phenylpropane)
2-Propylbiphenyl ∼536 >212 833
C6H5C6H4C3H7 (∼280) (>100) (445)
n-Propyl Bromide 160 914
C3H7Br (71) (490)
(1-Bromopropane)
n-Propyl Butyrate 290 99
C3H7COOC3H7 (143) (37)
Propyl Carbinol See Butyl Alcohol.
Propyl Chloride 115 <0 968
C3H7Cl (46) (<–18) (520)
Propyl Chlorothiolformate 311 145
C3H7SCOCl (155) (63)
Propylcyclohexane 313–315 478
H7C3C6H11 (156–157) (248)
Propylcyclopentane 269 516
C3H7C5H9 (131) (269)
(1-Cyclopentylpropane)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.415

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Propylene −53 Gas 851
CH2:CHCH3 (−47) (455)
(Propene)
Propylene Aldehyde See Crotonaldehyde.
Propylene Carbonate 468 275
OCH2CH2CH2OCO (242) (135)
[|
[
[[[[[ [[ [[
[|
Propylene Chlorohydrin See 2-Chloro-1-Propanol.
sec-Propylene Chlorohydrin See 1-Chloro-2-Propanol.
Propylenedlamine 246 92 780
CH3CH(NH2)CH2NH2 (119) (33) (416)
(oc)
Propylene Dichloride 205 60 1035
CH3CHCICH2Cl (96) (16) (557)
(1,2-Dichloropropane)
Propylene Glycol 370 210 700
CH3CHOHCH2OH (188) (99) (371)
(Methyl Ethylene Glycol)
(1,2-Propanediol)
Propylene Glycol Acetate See Methyl Glycol Acetate.
Propylene Glycol Isopropyl 283 110
Ether (140) (43)
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether 248 90
CH3OCH2CHOHCH3 (120) (32)
(1-Methoxy-2-propanol)
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether 295 108
Acetate (146) (42)
(99% Pure)
Propylene Glycol Monoacylate 410 207
CH2:CHCOO(C3H6)OH (210) (97)
(Hydroxypropyl Acrylate)
Propylene Oxide 94 −35 840
OCH2CHCH3 (35) (−37) (449)
[|
[[
[|
n-Propyl Ether 194 70 370
(C3H7)2O (90) (21) (188)
(Dipropyl Ether)
Propyl Formate 178 27 851
HCOOC3H7 (81) (−3) (455)
Propyl Methanol See Butyl Alcohol.
Propyl Nitrate 231 68 347
CH3CH2CH2NO3 (111) (20) (175)
Propyl Proplonate 245 175
CH3CH2COOCH2CH2CH3 (118) (79)
Propyltrichlorosilane 254 98
(C3H7)SiCl3 (123.5) (37)
Propyne −10
CH3C1CH (−23)
(Allylene)
(Methylacetylene)
Pseudocumene See 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene.
Pyridine 239 68 900
CH < (CHCH)2 >N (115) (20) (482)
(Continued)
2.416 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Pyrrole 268 102
(CHCH)2NH (131) (39)
(Azole)
Pyrrolidine 186–189 37
NHCH2CH2CH2CH2 (86–87) (3)
[|
[[[[ [[ [[[[|
(Tetrahydropyrrole)
2-Pyrrolidine 473 265
NHCOCH2CH2CH2 (245) (129)
[|
[[[[ [[ [[[|
Quinoline 460 896
C6H4N:CHCH:CH (238) (480)
[|
[[[[ [[ [
[[|
Range Oil See Fuel Oil No. 1.
Rape Seed Oil 325 836
(Colza Oil) (163) (447)
Resorcinol 531 261 1126
C6H4(OH)2 (277) (127) (608)
(Dihydroxybenzol)
Rhodinol 237–239 >212
CH2:C(CH3)(CH2)3CH— (114–115) (>100)
(CH3)(CH2)2OH @12 mm
Rosin Oil >680 266 648
(>360) (130) (342)
Salicylaldehyde 384 172
HOC6H4CHO (196) (78)
(o-Hydroxybenzaldehyde)
Salicylic Acid Sublimes 315 1004
HOC6H4COOH @169 (157) (540)
(76)
Safrole 451 212
C3H5C6H3O2CH2 (233) (100)
(4-allyl-1,2-Mathylenedioxy-
benzene)
Santatol ∼575 >212
C15H24O (∼300) (>100)
(Arheol)
Sesame Oil 491
(255)
Soy Bean Oil 540 833
(282) (445)
Sperm Oil No. 1 428 586
No. 2 (220) (308)
460
(238)
Stearic Acid 726 385 743
CH3(CH2)16COOH (386) (196) (395)
Steryl Alcohol 410 842
CH3(CH2)17OH (210) (450)
(1-Ocladecanol) @15 mm
Styrene 295 88 914
C6H5CH:CH2 (146) (31) (490)
(Cinnamene)
(Phenylethylene)
(Vinyl Benzene)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.417

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Styrene Oxide 165 929
C6H5CHOCH2 (74) (498)
Succinonitrile 509–513 270
NCCH2CH2CN (265–267) (132)
(Ethylene Dicyanide)
Sulfolane 545 350
CH2(CH2)3SO2 (285) (177)
(Tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-Dioxide)
(Tetramethylune Sulfone)
Tartaric Acid (d, 1) 410 797
(CHOHCO2H)2 (210) (425)
(oc)
Terephthalle Acid Sublimes 500 925
C6H4(COOH)2 above (260) (496)
(para-Phthalic Acid) 572
(Benzene-para-Dicarboxylic Acid) (300)
Terephthaloyl Chloride 498 356
C6H4(COCI)2 (259) (180)
(Terephthalyl Dichloride)
(p-Phthalyl Dichloride)
(1,4-Benzenedicarbonyl Chloride)
o-Terphenyl 630 325
(C6H5)2C6H4 (332) (163)
m-Terphenyl 685 375
(C6H5)2C6H4 (363) (191)
Terpineol 417–435 195
C10H17OH (214–224) (91)
(Terpilenol)
Terpinyl Acetate 428 200
C10H17OOCCH3 (220) (93)
Tetraamylbenzene 608–662 295
(C5H11)4C6H2 (320–350) (146)
1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane 275 635
CHBr2CHBr2 (135) (335)
(Acetylene Tetrabromide)
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 472 311
C6H12Cl4 (245) (155)
Tetradecane 487 212 392
CH3(CH2)12CH3 (253) (100) (200)
Tetradecanol 507 285
C14H29OH (264) (141)
(oc)
1-Tetradecene 493 230 455
CH2:CH(CH2)11CH3 (256) (110) (235)
tert-Tetradecyl Mercaptan 496–532 250
C14H29SH (258–278) (121)
Tetraethoxypropane 621 190
(C2H5O)4C3H4 (327) (88)
Tetra (2-Ethylbutyl) Silicate 460 335
[C2H5CH(C2H5)CH2O]4Si (238) (168)
@50 mm
Tetraethylene Glycol Decomposes 360
HOCH2(CH2OCH2)3CH2OH (182)
(Continued)
2.418 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Tetraethylene Glycol, Dimethyl See Dimethoxy Tetraglycol.
Ether
Tetraethylene Pentamine 631 325 610
H2N(C2H4NH)3C2H4NH2 (333) (163) (321)
Tetra (2-Ethylhexyl) Silicate 390
[C4H9CH(C2H5)CH2O]4Si (199)
Tetrafluoroethylene −105 392
F2C:CF2 (−76) (200)
(TFE)
(Perfluoroethylene)
1,2,3,6-Tetrahydrobenzaldehyde 328 135
CH2CH:CHCH2CH2CHCHO (164) (57)
[|
[[[ [[ [[ [ [[ [ [
[[|
(3-Cyclohexene-1-Carboxaldehyde)
endo-Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene 379 523
C10H16 (193) (273)
(Tricyclodecane)
Tetrahydrofuran 151 6 610
OCH2CH2CH2CH2 (66) (−14) (321)
[|
[[[ [[
[|
(Diethylene Oxide)
(Tetramethylene Oxide)
Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol 352 167 540
C4H7OCH2OH (178) (75) (282)
@743 mm
Tetrahydrofurfuryl Oleale 392–545 390
C4H7OCH2OOCC17H33 (200–285) (199)
@16 mm
Tetrahydronaphthalene 405 160 725
C6H2(CH3)2C2H4 (207) (71) (385)
(Tetralin)
Tetrahydropyran See Pentamethylene Oxide.
Tetrahydropyran-2-Methanol 368 200
OCH2CH2CH2CH2CHCH2OH (187) (93)
[|
[[[ [ [ [[[[[[|
Tetrahydropyrrole See Pyrrolidine.
Tetralin See Tetrahydronophthalene.
1,1,3,3-Tetramethoxy-propane 361 170
[(CH3O)2CH]2CH2 (183) (77)
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene 95% 399–401 166 800
C6H2(CH3)4 (204–205) (74) est.
(Prohnitene) (427)
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene 85.5% 387–389 160 800
C6H2(CH3)4 (197–198) (71) est.
(Isodurene) (427)
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene 95% 385 130
C6H2(CH3)4 (196) (54)
(Durene)
Tetramethylene See Cyclobutane
Tetramethyleneglycol 230 734
CH2OH(CH2)2CH2OH (110) (390)
Tetramethylene Oxide See Tetrahydrofuran.
Tetramethyl Lead, Compounds 100
Pb(CH3)4 (38)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.419

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
2,2,3,3-Tetramethyl Pentane 273 <70 806
(CH3)3CC(CH3)2CH2CH3 (134) (<21) (430)
2,2,3,4-Tetramethyl-pentane 270 <70
(CH3)3CCH(CH3)CH(CH3)2 (132) (<21)
172 <70
Thialdine Decomposes 200
SCH(CH3)SCH(CH3)NHCHCH3 (93)
[|
[[[[ [[[ [[ [[ [[[[|
2,2-Thiodiethanol 540 320
(HOCH2CH2)2S (282) (160)
(Thiodiethylene Glycol)
Thiodiethylene Glycol See 2,2-Thiodiethanol.
Thiodiglycol 541 320 568
(CH2CH2OH)2S (283) (160) (298)
(Thiodiethylene Glycol)
(Beta-bis-Hydroxyethyl Sulfide)
(Dihydroxyethyl Sulfide)
Thiophene 184 30
SCH:CHCH:CH (84) (−1)
[|
[[[[ [[
[ [|
1,4-Thioxane 300 108
O(CH2CH2)2S (149) (42)
(1,4-Oxathiane)
Toluene 231 40 896
C6H5CH3 (111) (4) (480)
(Methylbenzene)
(Phenylmethane)
(Toluol)
Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate 484 260
CH3C6H3(NCO)2 (251) (127)
p-Toluenesulfonic Acid 295 363
C6H4(SO3H)(CH3) (140) (184)
@ 20 mm
Toluhydroquinone 545 342 875
C6H3(OH)2CH3 (285) (172) (468)
(Methylhydroquinone)
o-Toluidine 392 185 900
CH3C6H4NH2 (200) (85) (482)
(2-Methylaniline)
p-Toluidine 392 188 900
CH3C6H4NH2 (200) (87) (482)
(4-Mothylaniline)
Toluol See Toluene.
m-Tolydiethanolamine 400 740 0.6
(HOC2H4)2NC6H4CH3 (204) (393)
(MTDEA)
2,4-Tolylene Diisocyanate See Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate.
o-Tolyl Phosphate See Tri-o-Cresyl Phosphate.
o-Tolyl p-Toluene Sulfonate 363
C14H14O3S (184)
Transformer Oil 295
(Tronsil Oil) (146)
Triacetin See Glyceryl Triacetate.
(Continued)
2.420 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Triamylamine 453 215
(C5H11)3N (234) (102)
Triamylbenzene 575 270
(C5H11)3C6H3 (302) (132)
Tributylamine 417 187
(C4H9)3N (214) (86)
Tri-n-Butyl Borate 446 200
B(OC4H9)3 (230) (93)
Tributyl Citrate 450 315 695
C3H4(OH)(COOC4H9)3 (232) (157) (368)
Tributyl Phosphate 560 295
(C4H9)3PO4 (293) (146)
Tributylphosphine 473 392
(C4H9)3P (245) (200)
Tributyl Phosphite 244–250 248
(C4H9)3PO3 (118–121) (120)
@7 mm
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 415 222 1060
C6H3CI3 (213) (105) (571)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 165
CH3CCI3 (74)
(Methyl Chloroform)
Trichloroethylene 188 788
CIHC:CCI2 (87) (420)
1,2,3-Trichloropropane 313 160
CH2CICHCICH2CI (156) (71)
(Allyl Trichloride)
(Glyceryl Trichlorohydrin)
Trichlorosllane 89 7
HSiCI3 (32) (−14)
Tri-o-Cresyl Phosphate 770 437 725
(CH3C6H4)3PO4 (410) (225) (385)
(o-Tolyl Phosphate) Decomposes
Tridecanol 525 250
CH3(CH2)12OH (274) (121)
2-Tridecanone See Methyl Undecyl Ketone.
Tridecyl Acrylate 302 270
CH2:CHCOOC13H27 (150) (132)
@10 mm
Tridecyl Alcohol 485–503 180
C12H25CH2OH (252–262) (82)
(Tridecanol)
Tridecyl Phosphite 356 455
(C10H21O)3P (180) (235)
@0.1 mm
Triethanolamine 650 354
(CH2OHCH2)3N (343) (179)
(2,2′,2′′-Nitrilotriethanol)
1,1,3-Triethoxyhexane 271 210
CH(OC2H5)2CH2CH- (133) (99)
(OC2H5)C8H7 @50 mm
Decomposes
@760 mm
Triethylamine 193 16 480
(C2H5)3N (89) (−7) (249)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.421

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
1,2,4-Triethylbenzene 423 181
(C2H5)3C6H3 (217) (83)
Triethyl Cltrate 561 303
HOC(CH2CO2C2H5)CO2H2H5 (294) (151)
Triethylene Glycol 546 350 700
HOCH2(CH2OCH2)2CH2OH (286) (177) (371)
(Dicaproate)
Triethylene Glycol Diacetate 572 345
CH3COO(CH2CH2O)3COCH3 (300) (174)
(TDAC)
Triethylene Glycol, Dimethyl Ether 421 232
CH3(OCH2)3OCH3 (216) (111)
Triethylene Glycol, Ethyl Ether See Ethoxytriglycol.
Triethylene Glycol, Methyl Ether See Methoxy Triglycol.
Triethyleneglycol Monobutyl Ether 270 290
C4H9O(C2H4O)3H (132) (143)
Triethylenetetramine 532 275 640
N2NCH2(CH2NHCH2)2CH2NH2 (278) (135) (338)
Triethyl Phosphate 408–424 240 850
(C2H5)3PO4 (209–218) (115) (454)
(Ethyl Phosphate)
Trifluorochloroethylene −18
CF2:CFCI (R-1113) (−28)
(Chlorotrifluoroethylene)
Triglycol Dichloride 466 250
ClCH2(CH3OCH2)2CH2Cl (241) (121)
Trihexyl Phosphite 275–286 320
(C6H13)3PO3 (135–141) (160)
@2 mm
Triisopropanolamine 584 320 608
[(CH3)2COH]3N (307) (160) (320)
(1,1′,1′′-Nitrolotri-2-propanol)
Triisopropylbenzene 495 207
C6H3(CH3CHCH3)3 (237) (97)
Triisopropyl Borate 288 82
(C3H7O)3B (142) (28)
Triiauryl Trithiophosphite 398
[CH3(CH2)11S]3P (203)
Trimethylamine 38 374
(CH3)3N (3) (190)
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 349 111 878
C6H3(CH3)3 (176) (44) (470)
(Hemellitol)
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 329 112 932
C6H3(CH3)3 (165) (44) (500)
(Pseudocumene)
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 328 122 1039
C6H3(CH3)3 (164) (50) (559)
(Mesitylene)
Trimethyl Borate See Methyl Borate.
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 178 <32 774
(CH3)3C(CH3)CHCH3 (81) (<0) (412)
(Triptane––an isomer of Heptane)
(Continued)
2.422 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
2,3,3-Trimethyl-1-Butene 172 <32 707
(CH3)3CC(CH3):CH2 (78) (<0) (375)
(Heplylene)
Trimethyl Carbinol See tert-Butyl Alcohol.
Trimethylchlorosiiane 135 −18
(CH3)3SiCI (57) (−28)
1,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexane 283 597
(CH3)3C6H9 (139) (314)
(Hexahydromesitylene)
Trimethylcyclohexanol 388 165
CH(OH)CH2C(CH3)2CH2CH(CH3)CH2 (198) (74)
[|
[[ [[ [[ [[ [[ [ [[[[[[[ [
[|
3,3,5-Trimethyl-1-Cyclohexanol 388 190
CH2CH(CH3)CH2C(CH3)2CH2CHOH (198) (88)
[|
[[ [[ [[ [[ [[ [ [[[
[[ [
[|
Trimethylene See Cyclopropane.
Trimethylenediamine See 1,3-Propanediamine.
Trimethylene Glycol 417 752
HO(CH2)3OH (214) (400)
(1,3-Propanediol)
Trimethylethylene See 2-methyl-2-Butene.
2,5,5-Trimethylheptane 304 <131 527
C2H5C(CH3)2(CH2)2CH(CH3)2 (151) (<55) (275)
2,2,5-Trimethylhexane 255 55
(CH3)3C(CH2)2CH(CH3)2 (124) (13)
(oc)
3,5,5-Trimethylhexanol 381 200
CH3C(CH3)2CH2CH(CH3)CH2- (194) (93)
CH2OH
2,4,8-Trimethyl-6-Nonanol 491 199
C4H9CH(OH)C7H15 (255) (93)
(2,6,8-Trimethyl-4-nonanol)
2,6,8-Trimethyl-4-Nonanol 438 200
(CH3)2CHCH2CH(OH)CH2- (226) (93)
CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2
2,6,8-Trimethyl-4-Nonanone 425 195
(CH3)2CHCH2CH(CH3)CH2- (218) (91)
COCH2CH(CH3)2
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 211 10 779
(CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2 (99) (−12) (415)
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 239 <70 797
CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2 (115) (<21) (425)
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-Pentanediol 419–455 235 655
(CH3)2CHCH(OH)C(CH3)2- (215–235) (113) (346)
CH2OH
2,2,4-Trimethyl pentanediol 536 250 795
Diisobutyrate (280) (121) (424)
C16H30O4
2,2,4-Trimethyl 1,3-Pentanediol 356–360 248 740
Isobutyrate 125 mm (120) (393)
(CH3)2CHCH(OH)C(CH3)2- (180–182)
CH2OOCCH(CH3)2
2,2,4-Trimethylpentanediol 167 325
Isobutyrate Benzoate (75) (163)
C19H28O4 @10 mm
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.423

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
2,3,4-Trimethyl-1-Pentene 214 <70 495
H2C:C(CH3)CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2 (101) (<21) (257)
2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-Pentene 214 23 736
CH2:C(CH3)CH2C(CH3)3 (101) (−5) (391)
(Diisobutylene)
2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-Pentene 221 35 581
CH3CH:C(CH3)C(CH3)3 (105) (2) (305)
(oc)
3,4,4-Trimethyl-2-Pentene 234 <70 617
(CH3)3CC(CH3):CHCH3 (112) (<21) (325)
Trimethyl Phosphite 232–234 130
(CH3O)3P (111–112) (54)
Trioctyl Phosphite 212 340
(C8H17O)3P (100) (171)
[Tris (2-Ethylhexyl) @0.01 mm
Phosphite]
Trioxane 239 113 777
OCH2OCH2OCH2 (115) (45) (414)
[|
[[[[ [
[ [ [| Sublimes
Triphenylmethane 678 >212
(C6H5)3CH (359) (>100)
Triphenyl Phosphate 750 428
(C6H5)3PO4 (399) (220)
Triphenylphosphine See Triphenylphosphorus.
Triphenyl Phosphite 311–320 425
(C6H5O)3PO3 (155–160) (218)
@0.1 mm
Triphenylphosphorus 711 356
(C6H5)3P (377) (180)
(Triphenylphosphine)
Tripropylamine 313 105
(CH3CH2CH2)3N (156) (41)
Tripropylene 271–288 75
C9H18 (133–142) (24)
(Propylene Trimer)
Tripropylene Glycol 514 285
H(OC3H6)3OH (268) (141)
Tripropylene Glycol 470 250
Methyl Ether (243) (121)
HO(C3H6O)2C3H6OCH3
Tris (2-Ethylhexyl) Phosphite See Trioctyl Phosphite.
Tung Oil 552 855
(China Wood Oil) (289) (457)
Turkey Red Oil 476 833
(247) (445)
Turpentine 300 95 488
(149) (35) (253)
Undecane See Hendecane.
2-Undecanol 437 235
C4H9CH(C2H5)C2H4- (225) (113)
CH(OH)CH3
Valeraldehyde 217 54 432
CH3(CH2)3CHO (103) (12) (222)
(Pentanal)
(Continued)
2.424 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Valeric Acid See Pentanoic Acid.
Vinyl Acetate 161 18 756
CH2:CHOOCCH3 (72) (−8) (402)
(Ethenyl Ethanoate)
Vinylaceto-b-Lactone See Diketene.
Vinyl Acetylene 41
CH2:CHC:CH (5)
(1-Buten-3-yne)
Vinyl Allyl Ether 153 <68
CH2:CHOCH2CH2O(CH2)3CH3 (67) (<20)
(Allyl Vinyl Ether)
Vinylbenzene See Styrene.
Vinylbenzylchloride 444 220
CICH2H6H4CH:CH2 (229) (104)
Vinyl Bromide 60 None 986
(15.8) (530)
Vinyl Butyl Ether 202 15 437
CH2:CHOCH4H9 (94) (−9) (255)
(Butyl Vinyl Ether)
Vinyl Butyrate 242 68
CH2:CHOCOC3H7 (117) (20)
Vinyl 2-Chloroethyl Ether 228 80
CH2:CHOCH2CH2CI (109) (27)
(2-Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether)
Vinyl Chloride 7 −108.4 882
CH2CHCI (−14) (−78) (472)
(Chloroethylene)
Vinyl Crotonate 273 78
CH2:CHOCOCH:CHCH3 (134) (26)
Vinyl Cyanide See Acrylonitrile.
4-Vinyl Cyclohexene 266 61 517
C8H12 (130) (16) (269)
Vinyl Ether See Divinyl Ether.
Vinyl Ethyl Alcohol 233 100
CH2:CH(CH2)2OH (112) (38)
(3-Buten-1-ol)
Vinyl Ethyl Ether 96 <–50 395
CH2:CHOC2H5 (36) (<–46) (202)
(Ethyl Vinyl Ether)
Vinyl 2-Ethylhexoate 365 165
CH2:CHOCOCH(C2H5)C4H9 (185) (74)
Vinyl 2-Ethylhexyl Ether 352 135 395
C10H20O (178) (57) (202)
(2-Ethylhexyl Vinyl Ether)
2-Vinyl-5-Ethylpyridine 248 200
N:C(CH:CH2)CH:CHC(C2H5):CH (120) (93)
[|
[
[[ [ [[ [ [ [[ [[ [ [[ [[
[|
@50 mm
Vinyl Fluoride −97.5
CH2:CHF (−72)
Vinylidene Chloride 89 −19 1058
CH2:CCI2 (32) (−28) (570)
(1,1-Dichloroethylene)
Vinylidene Fluoride −122.3
CH2:CF2 (−86)
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.425

TABLE 2.40 Boiling Points, Flash Points, and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds (Continued)

Boiling point Flash point, Ignition point,

Compound °F (°C) °F (°C) °F (°C)
Vinyl Isobutyl Ether 182 15
CH2:CHOCH2CH(CH3)CH3 (83) (−9)
(Isobutyl Vinyl Ether)
Vinyl Isooctyl Ether 347 140
CH2:CHO(CH2)5CH(CH3)2 (175) (60)
(Isooctyl Vinyl Ether)
Vinyl Isopropyl Ether 133 −26 522
CH2:CHOCH(CH3)2 (56) (−32) (272)
(Isopropyl Vinyl Ether)
Vinyl 2-Methoxyethyl Ether 228 64
CH2:CHOC2H4OCH3 (109) (18)
(1-Methoxy-2-Vinyloxyethane)
Vinyl Methyl Ether 43 549
CH2:CHOCH3 (6) (287)
(Methyl Vinyl Ether)
Vinyl Octadecyl Ether 297–369 350
CH2:CHO(CH2)17CH3 (147–187) (177)
(Octadecyl Vinyl Ether) @5 mm
Vinyl Propionate 203 34
CH2:CHOCOC2H5 (95) (1)
1-Vinylpyrrolidone 205 209
CH2:CHNCOCH2CH2CH2 (96) (98)
[|
[[[[ [[[[ [|
(Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone) @14 mm
Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone See 1-Vinylpyrrolidone.
Vinyl Trichlorosilane 195 70
CH2:CHSiCI3 (91) (21)
Wax, Microcrystalline >400
(>204)
Wax, Ozocerite (Mineral Wax) 236
(113)
Wax, Paraffin >700 390 473
(>371) (199) (245)
White Tar See Naphthalene.
Wood Alcohol See Methyl Alcohol.
Wood Tar Oil See Pine Tar Oil.
Wool Grease See Lanolin.
m-Xylene 282 81 982
C6H4(CH3)2 (139) (27) (527)
(1,3-Dimethylbenzene)
o-Xylene 292 90 867
C6H4(CH3)2 (144) (32) (463)
(1,2-Dimethylbenzene)
(o-Xylol)
p-Xylene 281 81 984
C6H4(CH3)2 (138) (27) (528)
(1,4-Dimethylbenzene)
o-Xylidine
C6H3(CH3)2NH2 435 206
(o-Dimethylaniline) (224) (97)
o-Xylol See o-Xylene.
2.426 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.41 Properties of Combustible Mixtures in Air

The autoignition temperature

reiizpemrure is the minimum temperature required for self-sustained combustion in the absence of
an external ignition source. The value depends on specified
specified test conditions. The flammable (explosive)
Thefluflanmzable(explosive)limits spec-
ify the range of concentration of the vapor in air (in percent by volume) for which a flame can propagate. Below
the lower flammable limit, the gas mixture is too lean to burn; above the flammable limit, the mixture is too rich.

Flammable (explosive)
limits,
limits. percent by
volume of fuel (25°C,
(25°C
760 mm)
Autoignition
Substance temperature, °C
"C Lower
Lower Upper
Upper
Acetaldehyde 175 4.0 60
Acetanilide 540
Acetic acid, glacial 463 4.0 19.9
Acetic anhydride 316 2.7 10.3
Acetone 465 2.5 12.8
Acetonitrile 524 3.0 16.0
Acetophenone 570
Acetylacetone 340
Acetylene 305 3.0 65
Acetyl chloride 390
Acrolein 220 2.8 31.0
Acrylic acid (2-propenoic acid) 438 2.4 8.0
Acrylonitrile 48 1 3.0 17.0
Adiponitrile 550 2 5
Allyl acetate 374
Allyl alcohol 378 2.5 18.0
Allylamine 374 2.2 22
Ammonia, anhydrous 65 1 16 25
Aniline 615 1.3 11
Asphalt 485
Benzaldehyde 192
Benzene 498 1.2 7.8
Benzoyl peroxide 80
Benzyl acetate 460
Benzyl alcohol 436
Benzyl benzoate 480
Benzyl chloride 585 1.1
Bis(2-aminoethy1)amine 399
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether 369 2.1
Biscyclohexyl 245 0.7 5.1
Bis(2-hydroethyl) ether 229
Bromobenzene 565
1-Bromobutane 265 2.6 6.6
Bromoethane 511 6.8 8.0
Bromomethane 531 10 16.0
1-Bromopropane 490
3-Bromopropene 295 4.4 7.3
1,3-Butadiene 420 2.0 11.5
Butanal (butyraldehyde) 218 1.9 12.5
Butane 287 1.9 8.5
1,3-Butanediol 395
2,3-Butanediol 402
Butanenitrile 501 1.65
Butanoic acid (butyric acid) 443 2.0 10.0
Butanoic anhydride (butyric anhydride) 219 0.9 5.8
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.427
2.427

(Continued)
TABLE 2.41 Properties of Combustible Mixtures in Air (Continued)
TABLE
Flammable (explosive)
Flammable (explosive)
limits. percent
limits, percent by
by
volume of
volume of fuel
fuel (25°C,
(25°C
760 mm)
760 mm)
Autoignition
Autoignition
Substance
Substance temperature,°C
temperature, "C Lower
Lower Upper
Upper
1- B u t a d 343 1.4 11.2
2-Butanol 415 1.7 11
2-Butanone 404 1.4 11.4
trans-2-Butenal (crotonaldehyde) 232 2.1 15.9
1Sutene 384 1.6 9.3
cis-2-Butene 324 1.7
trans-2-Butene 324 1.8 9.7
I-Butene oxide 1.5 18.3
3-Buten-1-01 4.7 34
2-Butoxyethanol 238 4 13
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate 299
Butyl acetate 425 1.7 7.6
sec-Butyl acetate 1.7 9.8
Butylamine 312 1.7 9.8
tert-Butylamine 380 1.7 8.9
Butylbenzene 410 0.8 5.8
sec-Butylbenzene 418 0.8 6.9
tert-Butylbenzene 450 0.7 5.1
Butyl formate 322 1.1 8.2
Butyl methyl ketone 423 1 8
Butyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate 294 2 8
Butyl propanoate 427
Butyl stearate 355
Butyl vinyl ether 255
2-Butyne 1.4
Camphor 466 0.6 3.5
Carbon disulfide 90 1.3 50.0
Carbon monoxide 609 12.5 14.2
Carbonyl sulfide 12 28.5
Chlorobenzene 593 1.3 9.6
1-Chloro-1,3-butadiene 4.0 20.0
1-Chlorobutane 240 1.8 10.1
2-Chloro-2-butene 2.3 9.3
I -Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane 41 1 4 21
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 6.2 17.9
1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene 2.0 22
1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane 41 1 3.8 21
Chloroethane 519 3.8 15.4
2-Chloroethanol 425 4.9 15.9
Chloromethane 632 8.1 11.4
1-Chloro-3-methylbutane 1.5 1.4
1-Chloro-2-methylpropane 2.0 8.8
3-Chloro-2-methyl-1-propene 2.3 9.3
1-Chloronaphthalene >588
1-Chloropentane 260 1.6 8.6
1-Chloropropane 520 2.6 11.1
2-Chloropropane 593 2.8 10.7
1-Chloro-1-propene 4.5 16
2-Chloro- 1-propene 4.5 16
3-Chloro-1-propene 485 2.9 11.1
Chlorotrifluoroethylene 24 40.3
m-Cresol 558 1.1
(Continued)
(Continued)
2.428 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.41 Properties of Combustible Mixtures in Air (Continued)

(Continued)
Flammable (explosive)
limits,
limits. percent by
volume of fuel (25°C,
(25°C
760 mm)
nun)
Autoignition
Substance temperature, °C
"C Lower Upper
Upper
o-Cresol 599 1.4
p-Cresol 558 1.1
Cumene 424 0.9 6.5
Cyanogen 6.6 32
Cyclobutane 1.8
Cyclohexane 245 1.3 8
Cyclohexanol 300 1 9
Cyclohexanone 420 1.1 9.4
Cyclohexene 244 1.2
Cyclohexyl acetate 334
Cyclohexylamine 293 1 9
Cyclopentane 361 1.5
Cyclopentene 395
Cyclopropane 500 2.4 10.4
p-Cymene 436 0.7 5.6
trans-Decahydronaphthalene 255 0.7 5.4
Decane 210 0.8 5.4
Decene 235
Diborane(6) 38 to 52 0.8 88
Dibutylamine 1.1 6
Dibutyl decanedioate (dibutyl sebacate) 365 0.44
Dibutyl ether 194 1.5 7.6
Dibutyl o-phthalate 402 0.5
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 648 2.2 9.2
1,l-Dichloroethane 458 5.4 11.4
1,2-Dichloroethane 413 6.2 16
1,l-Dichloroethylene 570 6.5 15.5
cis- 1,2-Dichloroethylene 460 3 15
trans- 1,2-Dichloroethylene 460 6 13
Dichloromethane 556 13 23
1,2-Dichloropropane 557 3.4 14.5
Diethanolamine [2,2'-iminobis(ethanol)] 662 2 13
1,l-Diethoxyethane (acetal) 230 1.6 10.4
Diethylamine 312 1.8 10.1
Diethylene glycol [bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether] 224 2 17
Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether 310
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate 425
Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether 240 1.4 22.7
Diethylenetriamine 358 2 6.7
Diethyl ether 180 1.9 36.0
3,3-Diethylpentane 290 0.7 5.7
Diethyl peroxide 2.3 15.9
Diethyl sulfate 436
1,l-Difluoroethylene 5.5 21.3
1,3-Dihydroxybenzene (resorcinol) 664
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene 516
Diisopropylamine 316 1.1 7.1
Diisopropyl ether 443 1.4 7.9
Dimethoxymethane 237 2.2 13.8
N,N-Dimethylacetamide 490 2.0 11.5
Dimethylamine (anhydrous) 400 2.8 14.4
N,N-Dimethylaniline 371
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2.429

TABLE 2.41 Properties of Combustible Mixtures in Air (Continued)

(Continued)
Flammable (explosive)
limits,
limits. percent by
volume of fuel (25°C,
(25°C
760 mm)
Autoignition
Substance temperature, °C
"C Lower Upper
Upper
2,3-Dimethylaniline 1 .o
2,2-Dimethylbutane 405 1.2 7.0
2.3-Dimethylbutane 405 1.2 7.0
3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone 423 1 8
cis- 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane 304
trans- 1.2-Dimethylc yclohexane 304
Dimethyl ether 350 3.4 27.0
N,N-Dimethylformamide 445 2.2 15.2
2,6-Dimethpl-4-heptanol 0.8 6.1
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone 396 0.8 6.2
2,3-Dimethylhexane 438
1 .I-Dimethylhydrazine 249 2 95
2,3-Dimethylpentane 335 1.1 6.1
Dimethyl 1,2-phthaIate 490 0.9
2,2-Dimethylpropane 450 1.4 7.5
Dimethyl sulfate 188
Dimethyl sulfide 206 2.2 19.7
Dimethyl sulfoxide 215 2.6 42
1,4-Dioxane 180 2.0 22
Dipentene 237
Dipentyl ether 170
Diphenylamine 634
Diphenyl ether 618 0.8 1.5
Dipropylamine 299
Dipropyl ether 188 1.3 7.0
Divinyl ether 360 1.7 27.0
Dodecane 203 0.6
1-Dodecanol 275
1,2-Epoxybutane 439 1.7 19
Ethane 515 3 .O 12.5
1,2-Ethanediamine 385 2.5 12.0
1,2-Ethanediol 398 3.2 22
Ethanethiol 299 2.8 18.2
Ethanol 363 3.3 19
Ethanolamine 410 3.0 23.5
2-Ethoxyethanol 235 3 18
2-Ethoxyethyl acetate 379 2 8
1-Ethoxypropane 1.7 9.0
Ethyl acetate 426 2 11.5
Ethyl acetoacetate 295 1.4 9.5
Ethyl acrylate 372 1.4 14
Ethylamine 385 3.5 14.0
Ethylbenzene 432 0.8 6.7
Ethyl benzoate 490
Ethyl butanoate 463
2-Ethylbutanoic acid 463
Ethyl chloroformate 500
Ethylc yclobutane 210 1.2 7.7
Ethylcyclohexane 238 0.9 6.6
Ethylene 490 2.1 36.0
Ethylene glycol diacetate 482 1.6 8.4
(Continued)
(Coiitinued)
 Next Page

2.430 SECTION TWO

TABLE 2.41 Properties of Combustible Mixtures in Air (Continued)

(Continued)
Flammable (explosive)
(explosive)
limits,
limits. percent by
volume of fuel (25°C,
(25°C
760 mm)
Autoignition
Substance
Substance temperature, °C
temperature, "C Lower Upper
Upper
Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether 202
Ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate 379 2 8
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 238 4 13
Ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate 392 2 12
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether 235 3 18
Ethyleneimine 320 3.3 54.8
Ethylene oxide 429 3.0 100
Ethyl formate 455 2.8 16.0
2-Ethylhexanal 197
2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol 360
2-Ethyl- 1-hexanol 23 1 0.88 9.7
2-Ethylhexyl acetate 268 0.76 8.14
Ethyl lactate 400 1.5
Ethyl methyl ether 2.0 10.0
3-Ethyl-2-methylpentane 460
Ethyl nitrate 85 explodes 3.8
Ethyl nitrite 90 explodes 3.0 50.0
Ethyl propanoate 440 1.9 11
Ethyl vinyl ether 202 1.7 28
Formaldehyde 430 7.0 73.0
Formic acid, 90% 434 18 57
2-Furaldehyde (furfural) 316 2.1 19.3
Furan 2.3 14.3
Furfuryl alcohol 49 1 1.8 16.3
Gasoline, 50-100 octane 280 to 456 1.4 7.6
Glycerol 370 3 19
Heptane 204 1.05 6.7
2-Heptanone (methyl pentyl ketone) 393 1.1 7.9
4-Heptanone (diisobutyl ketone) 396 0.8 7.1
1-Heptene 260
1,1,2,3,4,4-Hexachlorobutadiene 610
Hexane 225 1.1 7.5
1,6-Hexanedioic acid 420
Hexanoic acid 380
2-Hexanone 423 1 8
1-Hexene 253
Hydrazine 23 to 270 4.7 100
Hydrogen 400 4.1 74.2
Hydrogen cyanide, 96% 538 5.6 40.0
Hydrogen sulfide 260 4 46
N-Hydroxyethyl- 1,2-ethanediamine 368
1-Hydroxy-2-methylbenzene 599 1.4
1-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzene 559 1.1
1-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzene (see p-cresol)
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone 643 1.8 6.9
Isobutanal 196 1.6 10.6
Isobutyl acetate 42 1 1 10.5
Isobutylamine 378 2 12
Isobutylbenzene 427 0.8 6.0
Isobutyl isobutyrate 432 0.96 7.59
Isopentane 420 1.4 1.6
Isopentyl acetate 360 1 .o 1.5