World Schools

WSDC 2021
This House would nationalize* the research, development, and distribution of pharmaceuticals
*To nationalize means to transfer from private or regional ownership and control to
state/government ownership and control.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OkLZNeOMK0&list=PLAntmD_yHPRBjPapU93QYAT12S7
2P4PwJ&index=2

This House objects to the giving of international military aid

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIploGXuYAY&list=PLAntmD_yHPRBjPapU93QYAT12S72P
4PwJ&index=2

THS periodic, fixed-date constitutional conventions in constitutional democracies

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_UXsKYo1VQ&list=PLAntmD_yHPRBjPapU93QYAT12S72
P4PwJ&index=5

In times of economic crises, This House believes that the government should withhold
information that is likely to damage market confidence
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvY0G95iFeU&list=PLAntmD_yHPRBjPapU93QYAT12S72
P4PwJ&index=10

WSDC 2020
You are a talented, middle-class person in your early twenties about to start your career. You
have the choice between a job in which you will make a lot of money and work long hours(e.g.
investment banker, corporate lawyer, etc.) and a job that pays less but that you are more
passionate about(e.g. social worker, chef, teacher, small business owner, etc.) THW choose the
job they are passionate about.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxHFvX94AC0&list=PLFk0qboRAjYkcVqGaR35hDZA0Xxik
LTnk

THBT states should reclaim a large proportion of all donations to charities and redistribute it
across charities on the basis of their effectiveness
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jx28K-AH3OY&list=PLFk0qboRAjYkcVqGaR35hDZA0XxikL
Tnk&index=4

THBT the west should withdraw military cooperation from India until they restore privileges to
Kashmiri residents in the J&K region
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjGcu4KXelM&list=PLFk0qboRAjYkcVqGaR35hDZA0XxikL
Tnk&index=5
THBT social movements should actively use anger to mobilize support for their cause.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gesUGhZFt5I&list=PLFk0qboRAjYkcVqGaR35hDZA0XxikLT
nk&index=11

THBT large international Institutions (e.g. UN & World Bank) Should only accept female country
delegates.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xKS1cwQmm0&list=PLFk0qboRAjYkcVqGaR35hDZA0Xxik
LTnk&index=15

THW ban corporate* sponsorship of research within academic or educational institutions *for
this debate, “corporate” means for-profit companies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTGS9rLwoXo&list=PLFk0qboRAjYkcVqGaR35hDZA0XxikL
Tnk&index=20

This House prefers a world where all land was held in government trust and leased out on
limited-term contracts.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ruwq1SVxBA&list=PLFk0qboRAjYkcVqGaR35hDZA0XxikL
Tnk&index=28

THW ban political parties and require all candidates for national public office to seek election as
independents.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDacw7B8hCI&list=PLFk0qboRAjYkcVqGaR35hDZA0XxikL
Tnk&index=36

THW replace human judgment with computer algorithms in criminal sentencing decisions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKzps3Opgu4&list=PLFk0qboRAjYkcVqGaR35hDZA0XxikL
Tnk&index=46

THBT opposition parties should boycott elections, rather than contest them when the electoral
process is believed not to be free and fair
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2M_JEmmyK0&list=PLFk0qboRAjYkcVqGaR35hDZA0Xxi
kLTnk&index=47

This House would designate specific non-residential areas in which drug users and dealers are
legally allowed to buy, use, and sell drugs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpR4OU2PBFY&list=PLFk0qboRAjYkcVqGaR35hDZA0Xxi
kLTnk&index=59

WSDC 2019
This house regrets the glorification of soldiers as heroes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OAbWlMPK4v4
TH prefers a world where adult children take in their elderly parents rather than support them to
live separately.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5zeJkc0_WU

WSDC 2018
This House would require professional sports teams to be owned by their local communities
instead of individuals or corporations.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGMz0j4PZHI&list=PLGzVfgIJ-FgAll2bVOg8tA4YdoPJvjrRd

This House believes that states should allow all non-citizen migrant workers to vote in local and
national elections.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd06zM7kNe0&list=PLGzVfgIJ-FgAll2bVOg8tA4YdoPJvjrRd
&index=4

This House regrets the Belt and Road Initiative.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0nkTpRiFFg&list=PLGzVfgIJ-FgAll2bVOg8tA4YdoPJvjrRd
&index=6
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfoWBeEBCe4&list=PLGzVfgIJ-FgAll2bVOg8tA4YdoPJvjrR
d&index=13

This House believes that foreigners should not be allowed to own land in developing countries.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PvHfJkNoWVY&list=PLGzVfgIJ-FgAll2bVOg8tA4YdoPJvjrR
d&index=10

This House believes that rehabilitation should be the only consideration in criminal sentencing.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=to766btBz-0&list=PLGzVfgIJ-FgAll2bVOg8tA4YdoPJvjrRd&i
ndex=13

This House believes that the West should end all arms sales and military cooperation with Saudi
Arabia.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2G1j8ScpJM&list=PLGzVfgIJ-FgAll2bVOg8tA4YdoPJvjrRd
&index=7

This house regrets the rise of call-out culture.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azjXlX4b8J8&list=PLGzVfgIJ-FgAll2bVOg8tA4YdoPJvjrRd&i
ndex=8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uo6C-ePt3SE

WSDC 2017
This house supports restrictions on free speech to combat the rise of right-wing populism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HUFM3JZaLQ
TH would impose additional taxes on employers who use automation to replace human workers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1hFt_sGCtw&list=PL6arReRzs50IDK-fQtSyAEc98o5McCm
0N&index=3

British Parliamentary

Madrid WUDC 2023

In developing countries with a history of ethnic, racial and/or religious tensions, THP a change
of power from dominant political parties
https://youtu.be/dfrb37YNy28

TH, as an average individual in the world today, would prefer to be immortal

https://youtu.be/Lgn3f46tDZk

"Intellectual property is a category of property that includes ‘intangible’ creations of human

intellect. There are many types of intellectual property including patents, copyrights and
trademarks. The ‘internationalisation’ of intellectual property law refers to efforts to make
intellectual property rights universally applicable, including the widespread use of treaties to
recognise intellectual property rights across different jurisdictions, the creation of the World
Intellectual Property Organisation, etc."
THBT the internationalisation of intellectual property law brings more harm than good
https://youtu.be/LT7dQtRxhFo

THBT education systems in Africa should emphasise pan-African history and identities rather
than national ones
https://youtu.be/ssejWPulNOU
https://youtu.be/BIz9zF3BLi8

When they are not part of that religion, THBT feminists should refrain from critiquing widespread
religious practices that have different rules based on gender (e.g. wearing of veils, separate
prayer spaces, women on their period being forbidden from fasting, Iddah (waiting) period after
divorce/death of a husband, etc.)
https://youtu.be/MAS52d8f4IY
THW allow democratic governments to overturn supreme court/constitutional court decisions
with a simple majority in the legislature
https://youtu.be/1mCp3R7zMhE
https://youtu.be/XAhTD6gLvoc

THP a focus on societal factors (e.g. socioeconomic factors) as opposed to individual factors
(e.g. personal history) when addressing the causes and consequences of mental health issues
https://youtu.be/S6gTVkdFyEc
https://youtu.be/hB4cjwl__D0
https://youtu.be/dQZ2GG0Tuug

THBT the IMF removing all conditions on these loans, except for explicit anti corruption
provisions, is preferable to the recent conditions to developing countries
https://youtu.be/oJZK-K0W3aI
https://youtu.be/d1_5-9ZRWMM
https://youtu.be/VZiO6G9dRK0
https://youtu.be/rE4shgqnUfA

THR the dominance of left/liberal views at universities

https://youtu.be/f1e2xbLmGnw
https://youtu.be/6t-lkQviKr0

Ubuntu (“I am because we are”) is a philosophical belief that asserts that people's identities
should be shaped by, and their obligations should primarily be owed to, their communities.
THP a world where all individuals have a strong belief in Ubuntu
https://youtu.be/ra9Ud3aVE0ghttps://youtu.be/ra9Ud3aVE0g

Belgrade WUDC 2022

This House Believes That LGBTQ+ movements in developing countries should integrate
patriotism into their messaging*
*including actions such as celebrating LGBTQ+ soldiers, talking openly about being "queer and
a patriot", displaying the pride flag with the national symbol, and avoiding actions such as
supporting independence movements within the country
https://youtu.be/W0M2-Zc8XZs

This House Would prohibit companies from regulating the private behaviors of their employees
in employment contracts*
*e.g., mandatory drug tests, no smoking policies, regulating their employees' social media,
prohibiting models/actors from dating etc.
https://fb.watch/eLF3j9xtag/
In many Balkan countries that were under Ottoman rule from the 14th to the 19th century (e.g.
Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, etc.), the history curriculum focuses heavily on the national struggle
against the Ottoman Empire as well as the crimes of the Ottomans against the local population
(e.g. forcibly taking children to join the Janissary military corps, forcible conversions from
Orthodox Christianity to Islam, murder and torture of local population etc.).
In these countries, the Ottoman Empire is viewed as a colonizer, and those who led national
uprisings fighting for independence are revered as national heroes. This House Opposes the
emphasis on the struggle against the Ottoman Empire in the history curriculum of Balkan
countries
https://fb.watch/eLEZ5wlivt/

For the purposes of this debate, "fiscal central banking" refers to an economic system that
grants central banks the mandate to control the circulation of money in the economy through
fiscal policy in addition to monetary policy. Under this system, central banks can define
limitations for the size of the budget, but not its distribution. i.e. they can decide rates for various
taxes and limit or increase overall government spending, but can't decide what the money is
spent on.
In times of economic crisis, This House Would implement fiscal central banking
https://fb.watch/eLEXRm_ZeY/

"Therapy speak" refers to the significant expansion of psychological and medical language and
concepts to daily life, outside of the academic context.
This could include but is not limited to:
- using terms like "toxic" or "gaslighting" when talking about interactions, friendships, or
relationships in situations that do not meet the academic definition of these terms
- referring to the urge to tidy up as "OCD", or a temporary inability to focus as "ADHD"
- partaking in speculative psychiatric diagnoses of others, including public figures
This House Opposes the popularization of therapy speak
https://fb.watch/eLEW5826sK/

In 2004, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia
joined the European Union (EU), followed by Bulgaria and Romania in 2007, and Croatia in
2013. For the purposes of this debate, the above countries are 'the Eastern bloc'.
Serbia, Bosnia, and Northern Macedonia, along with other countries, are not currently part of
the EU, but are aspiring to join the EU. This House Prefers that the Eastern bloc countries had
formed their own Union instead of joining the European Union (EU)
https://fb.watch/eLEUrYmU8G/

This House Opposes the pressure to focus on promoting one's career at the expense of forming
a family.
https://fb.watch/eLES3eZ7up/

This House Believes That the environmental movement should take more radical action in the
fight against climate change (e.g., blocking roads, vandalism, blowing up pipelines etc.)
https://fb.watch/eLEPPi-ypI/
https://fb.watch/eLEQH5crXu/

This House Opposes the rise in anti-establishment discourse

https://fb.watch/eLEOCplP_q/

This House Would ban corporate residential landlords*

*Corporate residential landlords refers to corporations that own and maintain multiple
apartments for the purpose of renting them out for residential use.
https://fb.watch/eLEAskEj0I/

Advanced Analytics is the autonomous or semi-autonomous examination of data or content. It

involves using sophisticated techniques such as machine learning algorithms, deep learning,
predictive modeling, or other tools to discover deeper insights, make predictions, or generate
recommendations. Advanced Analytics can be used for political microtargeting, which involves
identifying the detailed profile of individual voters and voter groups, testing the most persuasive
messages, and tailoring campaign strategy to target different voter profiles. This House Would
ban the use of advanced analytics in political campaigns.
https://fb.watch/eLEq4j9LFm/

For the purposes of this debate, pardoning committees are made up of random citizens from the
local community, similar to how jury panels are constructed. Convicted criminals can apply for a
pardon, to be reviewed by the pardoning committee. This House Would grant the power to
pardon convicted criminals to pardoning committees instead of government executives (e.g.
presidents, governors, etc.)
https://fb.watch/eLEo46FthG/

For the purposes of this debate, religions that "center the self" embrace human existence and
individual experiences as special. Believers are asked to consider their choices and
experiences, struggles, and connection to God as uniquely important and a path to salvation.
In contrast, religions that "reject the self" explicitly reject the idea that human existence and
individual experiences are special. Believers are asked to accept individual experiences as
temporary and unimportant, and individuality as an illusion that causes unhappiness. This
House Prefers religions that "center the self" to religions that "reject the self"
https://fb.watch/eLE6_v4MyK/

This House Prefers a world in which humans cannot experience nostalgia*

*Nostalgia is a sentimental longing or wistful affection for something in the past, typically for a
period or place with happy personal associations
https://fb.watch/eLE5cWT52k/

The air force of Belgrade consists of 10 airplanes and 10 pilots to operate the airplanes.
Knowing that they are going to certain death and that they are unlikely to change the outcome of
the bombing, the 10 pilots decide to take to the skies to take down as many Nazi airplanes as
they can before dying. This House Supports the 10 pilots flying to their death
https://fb.watch/eLE3WByIbo/
This House Supports a decline in global reliance on the dollar.
https://fb.watch/eLE1csoLsi/

Korea WUDC 2021

“TH, as South Korea, would aim to significantly increase its cross-border economic cooperation
with North Korea
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ext1dwccJb4&list=PLCAT23LupiCqHa_SST3O0IkFeY_L7Xi
1L&index=2

THW ban social media companies from independently deplatrforming politicians

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCCDGmLZ3As&list=PLCAT23LupiCqHa_SST3O0IkFeY_L
7Xi1L&index=3

TH prefers environmental movements heavily prioritizing a local agenda over a global one (e.g.,
focusing on local pollution rather than climate change)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6uO1m3jxwM&list=PLCAT23LupiCqHa_SST3O0IkFeY_L7
Xi1L&index=4

THS opposes the general approach of companies to grow by massively sacrificing short-term
profitability with the hope of gaining a large portion of the market* *e.g. the original business
model of companies such as Uber or Amazon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cs8bJGtR52M&list=PLCAT23LupiCqHa_SST3O0IkFeY_L7
Xi1L&index=8

TH opposes the academisation* of social justice movements *The increasingly significant

presence of academics and academic terminology, processes, and structures in many parts of
the world
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXVU2UNfQk4&list=PLCAT23LupiCqHa_SST3O0IkFeY_L7
Xi1L&index=13

THBT states should classify organized crime syndicates as terrorist groups* *classification as a
terrorist group would legally allow law enforcement to pursue tactics such as targeted
extra-judicial killings, reducing barriers to law enforcement gathering evidence, using military
forces, criminalizing membership, etc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etv-5ndaz-E&list=PLCAT23LupiCqHa_SST3O0IkFeY_L7Xi1
L&index=15
TH supports the rise of language-generating AI This motion requires an info slide: For the
purpose of this debate, 'language-generating AI' is AI that can generate fluent streams of text
after processing billions of words from sources such as books, articles, and websites.
Language-generating AI could conceivably have the potential to write press releases, stories,
debate speeches, guitar tabs, scientific hypotheses, technical manuals, code, and more. In
limited contexts, the latest versions of the advanced language-generating technology were
found to be indistinguishable from human writing, however, the technology as a whole is still
error-prone. Language-generating AI already has commercial & research applications by large
organizations, and the technology is expected to rapidly develop in versatility & scale in the near
future.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUDGECd7Wtw&list=PLCAT23LupiCqHa_SST3O0IkFeY_L
7Xi1L&index=17

TH opposes the Biden Administration plan to finance large-scale governmental projects through
multi-trillion dollar fiscal stimulus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19LsJZnqtFI&list=PLCAT23LupiCqHa_SST3O0IkFeY_L7Xi1
L&index=23

TH prefers to live an average anonymous life in South Korea over being a K-Pop star
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEqy8RbGbK8&list=PLCAT23LupiCqHa_SST3O0IkFeY_L7
Xi1L&index=30

TH supports the creation of an international court with a mandate to prosecute leaders for health
crimes Info Slide For the purposes of this debate 'health crimes' are massive violations of the
international health codes. For example, the unwillingness to comply with the WHO's regulations
on dealing with pandemics, a significant violation of norms on the prescription of antibiotics, and
breaching the experimentation codes of ethics.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8g4BLdhQQw&list=PLCAT23LupiCqHa_SST3O0IkFeY_L7
Xi1L&index=35

Thailand WUDC 2020

This house prefers a “Brave New World” to the status quo in Western Liberal Democracies.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tTDlB8Om_w&list=PL6arReRzs50JWplW4ywEZpPy_PTO1
po45&index=2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWbmzyLxlgU&list=PL6arReRzs50JWplW4ywEZpPy_PTO1
po45&index=4

This House believes that developing countries should acquire, on the open market, large stakes
in major publicly - traded global corporations (eg. google, JP Morgan, Shell, and Pfizer)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEOd2IQupeI&list=PL6arReRzs50JWplW4ywEZpPy_PTO1
po45&index=6
This House Believes that the United State government should cede the authority to prosecute
criminal trials involving African Americans (as either victims or alleged perpetrators) to African
Americans interest groups, and allocate funding for this.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6LQBvLIPh8&list=PL6arReRzs50JWplW4ywEZpPy_PTO1
po45&index=9

Cape Town WUDC 2019

"Afrikaaners are a white South African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch
settlers". This House, as South Africa, would forcibly break up exclusive Afrikaaner enclaves
https://youtu.be/kJ8CMqTUhWk, https://youtu.be/p9bKuWHHVds

This House believes that the protections of international law conventions and treaties should not
apply to combatants from terrorist organisations (e.g. prohibition on torture, prisoner of war
status, guarantee of post-conflict release)
https://youtu.be/BWtkhD2p1fM,

This House opposes the norm that romantic love should be the primary source of fulfilment in a
person's life
https://youtu.be/kN3MqcTqYMc, https://youtu.be/QEPCWBlQHqg

Megacities are cities with a population of over 10 million people. This House supports granting
megacities autonomous control over their economic and social policy (e.g. immigration, health,
criminal justice) with national taxation policy remaining under the control of the federal
government
https://youtu.be/QJuxzM_8Hpc, https://youtu.be/-cH-Gm_qZYw

This house would actively encourage women not to have children

https://youtu.be/xtmwPT2X8Tw
https://youtu.be/Btt1YYJVSdQ

THBT the United States should disengage from Syria.

https://youtu.be/4NMMJ5UDEMU

THBT developing countries should privatise their state-owned enterprises (e.g. airlines,
railways, utility companies).
https://youtu.be/OKxqeMrK-NA

In most legal systems, in order to initiate legal proceedings, potential plaintiffs must demonstrate
that they are directly involved in the issues of a case in a way that is distinct from general
members of the public. This means that an ordinary citizen cannot challenge a law as
unconstitutional if they cannot prove that it has, or is imminently likely to, directly affect them.
A doctrine of open standing would allow anyone to initiate legal proceedings in court. Plaintiffs
would still need to demonstrate a valid legal argument. For example, under the status quo, new
healthcare legislation which may increase many people's premiums could not be challenged by
a general member of the public. Under a doctrine of open standing it could be. THW grant
individuals and organisations open standing to challenge the constitutionality of laws enacted by
their government
https://youtu.be/lPJg1U8aXes

This House believes that it is unjustified to assist evil regimes in systematically persecuting
members of their identity group in order to mitigate and moderate the regime's abuses (e.g.
Israel Kasztner in Nazi-controlled Hungary, Wang Jingwei in Japan-occupied China).
https://youtu.be/vE2GwaPYknY

This house would subsidise art that glorifies the working class
https://youtu.be/iM0y3aK0_Oo

Recently there has been an increased use of big data and sophisticated algorithms in making
various policy judgments. As technology in machine learning and artificial intelligence advances,
it is becoming more feasible to apply such methods to more government decision-making
processes. This House supports governments significantly increasing their use of big
data-based predictive models in decision-making to replace human judgments (e.g. criminal
justice policy, allocation of healthcare resources, housing development).
https://youtu.be/iCTdpvQqncY

In the lead-up to the 1994 negotiated settlement in South Africa, this house believes that the
ANC should have demanded further concessions (e.g. removing the amnesty provision in the
TRC, greater land, and economic rights) even at the expense of prolonging the conflict.
https://youtu.be/qaFoGHQs__4

The World Health Organisation has adopted conventions on various health topics which can
impose binding regulations on member states. This House believes that the WHO should adopt
a convention that bans the sale of drugs with high resistance tendencies (e.g. antibiotics) to
countries that do not comply with WHO guidelines regarding their medical and agricultural use
https://youtu.be/Qp7dHGysvgw

This House believes that an approach of Political Expansionism on the part of the Chinese state
is in the interests of the Chinese people
https://youtu.be/-LQ6_147tSc

This House supports a norm of embracing anger in public discourse rather than one of aspiring
to dispassionate objectivity
https://youtu.be/iPh80RGGbtQ
https://youtu.be/nW1xgEGikE4
This House would impose a narrow banking regulation.
https://youtu.be/A0GdULBnJrs
https://youtu.be/sn_2hL5nI_w

This house believes that the present condition of humanity is better than it would be in 100
years' time.
https://youtu.be/WZf2ssshf1o

Mexico WUDC 2018 Final - For a spare $1,000, one can provide (on average) a single child,
who would otherwise have died in infancy, with a full and healthy life - for example, by donating
to the distribution of insecticide- treated anti-malaria bed nets. Alternatively, one can (on
average) increase the life expectancy of about 5 adults by 10 years - for example by donating to
therapy for deadly acquired diseases in the developing world. This House would rather save the
live of a single child over extending the life of 5 adults by 10 years.
https://youtu.be/wQcizUqEutI

Zagreb EUDC 2022

This House Would ban zoos

https://youtu.be/5sxCK3XGgR8

"Commanding Distance" is a military approach according to which commanders should actively

maintain social and emotional distance from their subordinates. When interacting with their
subordinates, commanders following this approach will typically: not express emotions or
vulnerabilities, not share details from their personal lives, avoid social interactions and maintain
a purely professional relationship. This House Opposes the Commanding Distance military
approach
https://youtu.be/0kvWAuuLjKE

The "Vienna Model" of social housing requires developers that build new residential complexes
to lease 25% of units at significantly reduced rates to tenants chosen by the municipal
government. This House Believes That large cities should adopt the Vienna Model
https://youtu.be/m9R4l2KOufQ

This House Believes That small European national football leagues should merge into regional
leagues (e.g. a Benelux league, a Yugoslavian league, a Scandinavian league, etc.)
https://youtu.be/QGtJyp79nfM

This House Believes That it is in the interests of post-Soviet Central Asian states to pivot away
from Russia and develop closer political and economic ties with China
https://youtu.be/Z1LO4f9l-Io
For the purposes of this debate, the "globalization of art" refers to the significant increase in
cross-border consumption of cultural products (e.g. movies, TV shows, music, etc.) THBT the
globalization of art has done more harm than good
https://youtu.be/50vaAyb-36M

The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina is a position that was created in 1995 as
part of the Dayton Peace Agreement that ended the Bosnian War. The postholder is appointed
by the United Nations Security Council. The High Representative's powers, without judicial
oversight, include introducing or repealing laws or constitutional amendments, removing public
officials from office, and banning individuals from running in elections. For example, in 2021 the
outgoing High Representative, Austrian Valentin Inzko, amended existing criminal law to make
genocide denial and the glorification of war criminals illegal. This House Would dissolve the
position of High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
https://youtu.be/D-FZStYYGdM

This House Opposes the trend toward freelance journalism at the expense of traditional
employment in a singular media organization
https://youtu.be/yDGnBaNBfj0

Known as the "ABCDs", the four largest global agricultural commodities traders (ADM, Bunge,
Cargill, and Louis Dreyfus) control an estimated 70-90% of the global trade in grains and
oilseeds (e.g. wheat, corn, soybean, rapeseed, etc.) THW break up the ABCDs
https://youtu.be/W-gEYgKwmes

Pegasus is spyware developed by the Israeli cyber-arms company NSO Group, which can be
covertly installed on individual mobile devices. Its capabilities include: reading messages,
tracking calls, collecting passwords, location tracking, and accessing the target device's
microphone and camera. NSO claims to sell the software exclusively to government branches
such as police forces and intelligence agencies and has known customers from at least 14 EU
countries. This House Believes That the EU should ban Pegasus and similar software
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYHWYEJkbYQ&ab_channel=ZagrebStudentDebateForum
https://youtu.be/gDgmbl0MY6I

You are an atheist living in a country with a significant (but not extreme) degree of religiosity.
There exists a single pill that, if taken, will permanently make you genuinely and earnestly
believe in the majority religion. This House Would take the pill
https://youtu.be/g-VLML7_-6g

This House Regrets the increased accessibility of the production and consumption of internet
pornography
https://youtu.be/lkAM5kry5T0
Retail investors are non-professional individual investors who buy and sell financial assets (e.g
stocks, bonds, commodities, cryptocurrency etc.). The percentage of overall US equity trading
volume conducted by retail investors in 2021 was more than double that of 2011.
This House Believes That the significant rise in retail investing brings more harm than good
https://youtu.be/O87uJUnhvLY
https://youtu.be/s53I0PN89C0

Humanity has invented а machine that will definitively determine whether intelligent life exists
elsewhere in the universe. The results will be revealed publicly in Zagreb in 15 minutes.
This House Hopes that intelligent extraterrestrial life exists
https://youtu.be/6XOK8VUUNYw

Madrid EUDC 2021

THW prioritize means-based[1] rather than target-based[2] regulation [1] e.g of means-based
regulations: setting standards that attempt to make the workplace more accessible or banning
the use of polluting technologies [2] e.g of target-based regulations: setting hiring quotas for
employees from one particular group or making companies reduce carbon emissions to X under
threat of fines
https://youtu.be/x5Q68euQoPM

TH, as a University scholarship fund targeted at marginalized identity groups, W prioritize

allocating funds based on merit rather than economic necessity.
https://youtu.be/mmf7vP-Axfg

THO the narrative that love (romantic, familial, etc.) is about sacrifice
https://youtu.be/e8K1ctuQk70

THBT societal narratives about recovery during a crisis should be transformative (attempt to
radically change society) rather than restorative (attempt to stabilize current crisis)
https://youtu.be/hORclJDSRZE

In Spain there are two ways financial autonomy is exercised by autonomous regions: In the
common regime, the central government is in charge of setting and collecting most taxes, which
it then redistributes between all the autonomous regions with the aim of reducing inequalities
between regions. This implies that richer regions become net contributors to the system, while
poorer ones become net recipients. Catalonia is currently under a common regime. The second
regime is a chartered regime, where as long as regions pay a fixed amount to the central
government, they are allowed full control over setting and collecting non-VAT taxes (including
raising or lowering tax). Currently only Basque Country and Navarre have a chartered regime.
TH, as the Spanish government, would give Catalonia a chartered regime
https://youtu.be/kebXu_BsGVU
For the purposes of this debate, "social marxism" is defined as the belief that members of all
oppressed groups should unite and fight together. Social marxism states that you cannot
support one group without also supporting all others. THBT social movements should follow
social marxism
https://youtu.be/lrMunL5Ns3k

Nord Stream 2 is a set of offshore natural gas pipelines directly linking Russia and Germany. It
would double the amount of natural gas that Germany directly imports from Russia. THR
Germany's decision to go ahead with the Nord Stream 2 deal with Russia
https://youtu.be/CsICprqRcnQ

THBT states should prioritize high employment rates at the expense of significantly slowing
down technological advancement (e.g. taxing automation, setting a minimum quota for human
employees, or banning/limiting the use of certain technologies)
https://youtu.be/yTt8QG61pCs

In functioning democracies with one dominant political party, THP opposition parties to
predominantly campaign on the basis of moral character (e.g. integrity, transparency, corruption)
rather than predominantly on specific issues and policies (e.g. unemployment, education, the
environment).

THBT the Myanmar opposition movement should prioritize demands for an immediate,
internationally-observed election over demands for Aung San Suu Kyi to be freed
https://youtu.be/AkBwJdXc3lo

For the purposes of this debate, reincarnation is real. It happens in human form only, in a
random (not karmic) way, and doesn't have to follow immediately after death. This is known to
all and considered an indisputable fact. Humans have inherent traits that consist of their core
personalities and preferences. These get transferred through reincarnations and do not change.
People are a combination of their inherent traits and their environment. THP humans to acquire
memories* of their past lived experiences upon reaching adulthood rather than staying oblivious
* memories of past lived experiences include events, interactions, and emotions, but not skills
https://youtu.be/gJnnnq2ADVg

Green Central Banking refers to central banks deliberately using their monetary policy
instruments to incentivize climate-friendly market activities. For instance, targeted green lending
programs, targeted green bond purchase programs, "brown penalties" (higher interest rates for
pollution-intensive banks or businesses), lowering the financing rate for banks that offer
collateral with a smaller carbon footprint, and mandatory disclosures of climate risks. For the
purposes of this debate, green central banking would support climate-friendly policies even at
the expense of traditional monetary objectives such as targeting inflation rates, ensuring
financial stability and market efficiency, as well as retaining neutrality of intervention. THS Green
Central Banking
https://youtu.be/QQxzHUmH8TA
THP religious organizations to actively propagate the idea that faith in a higher power cannot be
explained with logic, rather than attempt to explain faith rationally

Multi-Speed Europe is a scenario where the existing Member States in the European Union
integrate at different paces, where certain Member States opt in doing more in specific policy
areas, while others opt out. This would not apply retroactively, so existing policies would remain
unified, but new policies would be differentially adopted. These may cover policies such as
defense, internal security, taxation, or social matters. THS a Multi-Speed Europe
https://youtu.be/ZpIytfxAhh0

Astana EUDC 2020

THW allow police officers to refuse orders on grounds of conscience
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FTD30d-ivs

This House Would only allow university admission on the basis of standardized testing, as
opposed to non-quantitative methods (e.g. essays, alumni interviews)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t70zjvkohic&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocsoQ&i
ndex=7
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lReYSOyrDSY&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocso
Q&index=2

This motion requires an info slide: Mindfulness is the psychological process of purposely
bringing one's attention to experiences occurring in the present moment without judgment,
which one develops through the practice of meditation and through other training. Motion: This
House Opposes the commercialization of Mindfulness
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QViBnBNpJsg&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocso
Q&index=22

THR the trend of central banks setting extremely low-interest rates after the 2008 financial crisis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bCA5bUx2qw&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocso
Q&index=30
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5FwUF20BpQ&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocso
Q&index=31

Given the technology, THW erase society's memory and evidence of the criminal past of former
convicts after their release from prison.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2CmbP8IbBCo&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocso
Q&index=45

This House Believes That leaders of an occupied nation should not assist the occupying powers
in maintaining stability.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGcnRZ-4G0w&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocso
Q&index=54

This House Would ban ownership consolidation of newspapers by a single entity e.g. private
equity firms, a single media company
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gd_ONkuRwuE&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocso
Q&index=58

This House Would ban insurance coverage for sexual misconduct claims
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8r44vEebVHQ&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocso
Q&index=65

The year is 2140. A distant planet very similar to Earth has been discovered. A group of humans
is supposed to embark on a journey to settle the planet. Motion: THW only recruit atheists to be
part of the group, and would not allow any religious books or items of worship on board
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kieck61VFok&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocsoQ
&index=85

THBT countries should suspend all elections in times of severe health crises
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqiyXksEx8U&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocsoQ
&index=79

TH, as Israel, would form a strategic military alliance with the Kurds in Syria.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNmnGkFmJiQ&list=PLCIv-UcTiBzjGetlYvXj1EPW-yw0ocso
Q&index=84

Athens EUDC 2019

THBT it is in the interest of the Chinese Communist Party to cease attempts to infringe on "One
Country, Two Systems" in Hong Kong, rather than continuing its current approach
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4cSmGUyZOU&list=PLEm-biVfy7Wlg4PjbvlfXUI8lV5Lwcts
S&index=5

THW encourage women to be selfish.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlg2pjjrwr4&list=PLEm-biVfy7Wlg4PjbvlfXUI8lV5LwctsS&ind
ex=7

THBT it is in the interest of dominant organized religions for their leaders to declare more
progressive interpretations of traditional dogma* *e.g on dietary of contraception, same-sex
relationships
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWUeMSN-UqI&list=PLEm-biVfy7Wlg4PjbvlfXUI8lV5LwctsS
&index=16
THW break up Disney
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iyty5LLinI&list=PLEm-biVfy7Wlg4PjbvlfXUI8lV5LwctsS&ind
ex=12

THBT schools should teach children to be skeptical of parental authority.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQAmuguK9UE&list=PLEm-biVfy7Wlg4PjbvlfXUI8lV5Lwcts
S&index=23

THBT the Greek government should have rejected the 2015 bailout deal and sought to
negotiate further concessions, even at the risk of not receiving a bailout.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iX86rCIGqDA

THBT communities that have been victims of atrocities should emphasize the narrative of the
"banality of evil" when interpreting those atrocities
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6cI2IJN2tc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_c4rCtbMr4

The 'Defining Decade' is a cultural norm that urges young adults to persistently pursue life
goals, even at the expense of significantly neglecting immediate desires. As part of this
approach, it is common to seek to maximize educational value from most activities, seek more
responsibility at work, seek instrumental value from social relationships, and stigmatize idle
time. TH Opposes the Defining Decade norm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RE5Qldt1ODw

McGill NAUDC 2021

THBT the Canadian government should stop prosecuting Indigenous peoples and allow the use
of Indigenous law instead in all cases.
https://youtu.be/Ks4LG9zN-MI

This House would prefer a world where the response to the 2008 Financial Crisis focused on
assigning responsibility and punishing individual instances of wrongdoing, instead of passing
policies to reduce overall risk in the system moving forward (eg regulatory capital requirements,
bans on proprietary trading, statutory underwriting standards for residential mortgages)
https://youtu.be/SQTSbiCTANM

THP a world where all writing is pseudonymous

https://youtu.be/D5e4_HbaRRk

Round Robin 2022

As a charity successfully making the world better, THW reject donations from immoral actors.
https://youtu.be/BSHwRNrawNU
https://youtu.be/PePWTpAfhoQ
https://youtu.be/vukchxzZWx8

THBT companies should implement policies that require management to work entry level jobs
periodically.
https://youtu.be/vvIMztz7HAk
https://youtu.be/XtEsL1slFEg

THW require laws that curtail individual freedom under the pretext of public health (e.g.,
vaccination requirements, mask mandates, lockdowns, etc.) to be confirmed by a referendum.
https://youtu.be/RVwwNsVAjvs
https://youtu.be/j56GAP7wi0c

The star chamber is a supernatural power (perhaps aliens) who randomly but accurately identify
a small percentage of immoral action that would otherwise go unpunished, and then ensure that
the perpetrators of these acts suffer to a degree that is proportionate to their offense. This
punishment is administered in such a way that no one (including the perpetrator) ever connects
it to the immoral actions. This house prefers a world that includes the star chamber.
https://youtu.be/vakAFZQml7w

This house regrets major internet companies (e.g., Facebook, Google, etc.) operating on the
basis of selling advertising as a business model.
https://youtu.be/NIBop6YDA3Y

Round Robin 2021

Motion: This house would replace "real world" prison incarceration with simulated incarceration,
for people not sentenced to a life sentence. Info Slide: For the purposes of this debate, there
exists a safe technology which can accurately simulate the experience of being in prison. A
person within the simulation will experience the simulation as fully real, including time passing
slowly as in "real life", while not interacting with others in the "real world". In reality, even a long
sentence in the simulation will be done in a matter of days.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7aD8iSx1CM

Motion: This house supports the cult of productivity. Info Slide: The cult of productivity refers to
a set of norms where being continuously productive and busy in both your professional and
personal life is seen as desirable and virtuous.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wUvheAZseU

This house would expropriate foreign and white-owned businesses in Southern Africa (i.e.,
South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twUEcyJo6ng
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6aL2dk5dMQ

This house prefers a world where children are raised communally.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8PNvJ9TUlE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8b2hK_iVzQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ap8Pg8v6KWQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZb8_qcnRzs

Round Robin 2020

THBT parents of minorities should encourage their children to embrace positive stereotypes
about themselves.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1WpJz2xDhw

As the Chinese Communist Party, THW allow state-owned firms to default on domestic bond
repayments.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWO9s16SKsk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aBuEj3he0gQ

THBT artists should prioritize the political impact of their works over their aesthetic value.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZoIh-tKKI4Q

TH prefers a world in which innate intelligence is distributed equally.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjhNnR2bid4

Motion: TH prefers a world where there exists a world government with sovereign power. Info
slide: A world government with sovereign power would have effective power in the entirety of
the world. Such a government is characterized by a legislative system, a world court, and
sufficient military power to enforce the laws created by such a government.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgkOwi9qHsM

This house believes that individuals have a moral obligation to not have biological children.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJFdtN-8nN4

Round Robin 2019

This house regrets the decline of the humanities in higher education.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyepTI8cnPs

This house supports laws that protect the health of fetuses (whose mothers intend to carry them
to term).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6FsWFEgVg8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hnu3pH3y_54
Motion: In the event that current talks produce a compromise Brexit deal, this house would put
it to a referendum, with “remain” as the alternative. Information Slide: The British Labour and
Conservative parties are currently in negotiations for a compromise Brexit deal. Any deal that is
likely to emerge will be a “soft” Brexit.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yNHhc_0s6U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UW-w3Kou1xA

Motion: This house would take a pill that permanently made one entirely contented with one’s
current life situation. Information Slide: For the purposes of this motion, the state of being
contented concerns one’s overall satisfaction with life. A contented person may have good or
bad days, and fluctuations in mood, but their holistic assessment of their life is that they are
satisfied with what they have, even if what they have changes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFlmwBBL0Qg

Round Robin 2018

This house believes that the criminal justice system should not consider retribution as a factor in
sentencing.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfPQlXPewSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-rGkTeWm0o

This house prefers a world in which universities charged tuition based on student earnings after
graduation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPNJSY_JqRA

This house believes that governments should prioritize the economic improvement of minority
communities over the preservation of their culture.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UW-w3Kou1xA

Motion: This house prefers a world in which, upon childhood, all people intuitively come to know
their natural expiration date. Information Slide: For the purposes of this debate, a person’s
“natural expiration date” is the date at which they will certainly die from natural causes (e.g., old
age, disease, etc.). They can still die earlier by non-natural causes like murder, accidents, etc.
Furthermore, one’s natural expiration date is always accurate and cannot be extended.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=369IQj1IlOo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgnUMFNNzQ4

Motion: When responding to civilian casualties, this house believes that the military action
taken does not have to meet the principle of proportionality. Information Slide: The principle of
proportionality asserts that an act of war is just if and only if the harm caused by it is
proportionate to the harm intended to be inflicted by the opposing warring party.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oSfHZ46h9A
Motion: This house believes that the interests of the Chinese people would be better served by
a peaceful transition into a democracy, rather than a continuation of the one party rule.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RupsU0wfzok

Round Robin 2017

This house supports the use of “eye in the sky” policing in urban areas with high crime rates.
“Eye in the Sky” surveillance involves constantly flying inaudible drones over large areas (say,
30 square miles). The drones take pictures of the entire area constantly. Images are stored
electronically such that police can essentially turn back the clock at the location of a crime and
look at where people came from or went to, potentially providing valuable clues toward solving
these crimes. The image resolution does not allow for identifying individuals or reading license
plates.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVjCkMi7Lfc

This house supports democratic governments using social disgust as a grounds for restricting
public speech or display.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAEH8Z57WqI

This house regrets the shift in focus within the academic study of history from studying great
figures and institutions to studying cultural forces and the experiences of ordinary people.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOwUS7uNooE

Motion: Given the choice as an individual who is a typical, healthy 30-year-old, this house
would elect to never again feel the emotion of sorrow.
Info Slide: The word "sorrow" refers to a feeling of deep sadness or regret caused by loss,
disappointment or other misfortune (suffered by oneself or others).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLKUfmq0kec

This house believes that the US should issue guest worker visas, under which minimum wage
laws would not apply.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01S6OUfDYOM

Motion: This house believes that governments should abandon the strategy of "decapitation" in
fighting terrorism. Info Slide: In the context of anti-terrorism, "decapitation" refers to the strategy
of targeting terrorist leaders for assassination.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WX-4i9FqvE

Round Robin 2016

This house would require the use of a draft by lottery when engaged in extended military
interventions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38KRZWZxfAw
This house supports filial responsibility laws.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4JMeo7zIJo

This house would not allow criminal defendants represented by private counsel the protection
against self-incrimination at trial.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8D0Yx2IxAg

Motion: This house prefers a world with memory writing technology. Info Slide: A “memory
writing machine” is a device that is capable of imprinting or replacing memories in people’s
brains in a manner that is medically safe.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xu8g7H8BR5g

This house supports health insurance companies offering optional lump sum payments to
terminally ill patients who choose to forgo expensive life extending medical treatments.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiU54l6aUO0

IBA Nations League 2020

THBT democracies should allow people to opt into religious courts that punish them for acts that
are deemed to be offenses under their religion, as long as they remain members of that religion.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QfCCXG48B4&ab_channel=IBADUDebate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVQ9KpEKVao&ab_channel=IBADUDebate

A professional sports club of a city in the West which has a glorious past but is currently
struggling to compete at the top. A group of investors, led by Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth
fund, the Public Investment Fund, launched a bid to purchase the club. PIF has almost
US$400bln under management, with multiple times the resources of any other sports club
owners. TH, as fans of the club, supports a takeover by the Saudi Arabian Public Investment
Fund.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gu4soOXoQLA&ab_channel=IBADUDebate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfDtnC4G4Ek&ab_channel=IBADUDebate

In antitrust law, the ‘consumer welfare’ standard means when deciding to break up a company
or prevent a merger, regulators should only look at that impact on prices and economic
efficiency. The standard implies that neither firm size nor degree of market consolidation are
directly relevant when considering antitrust cases. THW break up companies that are deemed
threats to the democratic process, even when they do not harm consumer welfare
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zk9pVtmOII&ab_channel=IBADUDebate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7Iljt__kLY&ab_channel=IBADUDebate

TH regrets the belief that forgiveness is a virtue

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCQSTc9_MGA&ab_channel=IBADUDebate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLe33hYCDv4&ab_channel=IBADUDebate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-Zg-1gx5FI&t=1s&ab_channel=IBADUDebate
THBT the US should ban the sale of vital components for the manufacturing of electronic
devices (eg semiconductors), which are produced in the US or use American technology or
software*, to Huawei and other major Chinese companies. (*the vast majority of currently
produced components)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAB46OfYei0&ab_channel=IBADUDebate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axMVGGZfk54&ab_channel=IBADUDebate

THBT comedians from minority communities should not base their comedy on stereotypes and
slurs about their own groups
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYGbBluHa6g&ab_channel=IBADUDebate

Macau TOC BP IV 2018

This House Would end all state financial support to religion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ECfWI3S3ZU&ab_channel=MacauEnglishDebateAssociati
on

This House Would create an international court to prosecute leaders adopting disastrous
economic policies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzs-_c9CWGo&ab_channel=MacauEnglishDebateAssociati
on

Given a way to measure an individual's empathy, This House Would only allow individuals with
high levels of empathy for people beyond their immediate circles, to vote in the election.

The "Intellectual Dark Web" is a term describing a group of academics and intellectual ( e.g.
Jordan Peterson, Sam Harris) who promote 'politically incorrect' views, such as the significance
of biological differences between sexes, the failing of multiculturalism, and defences of
colonialism. They have promoted their views mainly via YouTube and social media. As of late,
they have been increasingly given more mainstream platforms. This House Supports the
increased presence of the "intellectual dark web" on mainstream media

This House Believes That states formerly under the rule of the Soviet Union should NOT
emphasize their history of struggle against Russian imperialism in constructing their national
identity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ETs1PYGwKg&ab_channel=MacauEnglishDebateAssociati
on

The 'original meaning' theory is the view that interpretation of a written constitution or law should
be based on what reasonable people living at the time of its adoption would have understood
the text to mean. This House Believes That Supreme Court justices should adopt 'original
meaning' theories when interpreting constitutions
This House Would only allow women to be the head of political parties
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doYI_zE6u8I&t=22s&ab_channel=MacauEnglishDebateAss
ociation

This House Believes That the state should strongly incentivise highly educated individuals to
have children
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6llX98B1ss&ab_channel=MacauEnglishDebateAssociation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQe9964U3Jc&ab_channel=MacauEnglishDebateAssociatio
n

It is a consensus among intelligence agencies that in the 2016 US election the Russian
government employed various tactics to affect the result. Those included hacking the servers of
the Democratic National Committee and releasing damaging emails, and vast spreading of
targeted pro-Trump misinformation through social media. This House Believes That the EU
should employ similar tactics to those Russia used in the 2016 US election in order to
undermine the Trump administration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0OEClpUihM&ab_channel=MacauEnglishDebateAssociatio
n

This House regrets the westernisation of the elites in post-colonial countries (e.g. speaking
predominantly in English, going to schools/universities in the West, consuming predominantly
Western Media).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZ-ln08E02E&ab_channel=MacauEnglishDebateAssociatio
n

Structural Reasons Pre-WUDC 2022

THBT it is in the interest of the GOP to elect Donald Trump as the Republican candidate for the
2024 US Presidential Election
https://youtu.be/NTR1TtiHyZs

For the purposes of this debate, “Radical Freedom” is the view that every person has the power
to alter their fundamental beliefs, desires, and attitudes.
THP a world with a widespread belief in Radical Freedom
https://youtu.be/vNOFsjCYUtE

In business, a unicorn is a privately held startup company valued at over US$1 billion
THBT all startups that become unicorns should be publicly traded
https://youtu.be/l_BArQYNqTI

Assuming at least a basic level of services are provided to citizens, THP to be born into a stable
dictatorship where democratic expression is curtailed over a volatile democracy
https://youtu.be/RjmwkRu5kBg
In the context of anti-terrorism, "decapitation" refers to the strategy of targeting terrorist leaders
for assassination.
THBT governments should abandon the strategy of "decapitation" in fighting terrorism.
https://youtu.be/r14sW22bNTk

Financialization refers to the increase in size and importance of a country's financial sector
relative to its overall economy.
THO increased financialization
https://youtu.be/OCzet0-jdPM

‘Mortal salience’ refers to a state of conscious awareness of death and the inevitable conclusion
of life.
THS the promotion of mortal salience in media
https://youtu.be/bO78zInC7c0

THBT it is immoral for resistance movements to engage in military tactics that are highly likely to
result in retaliation against the civilian population
https://youtu.be/e8GNouwvlYY

Pre-WUDC Vienna Online Open 2022

A prenuptial agreement is a legally enforceable written contract entered into by a couple

prior to marriage that enables them to select and control many of the legal rights they
acquire upon marrying, and what happens when their marriage eventually ends by
death or divorce.
THS the normalisation of prenuptial agreements.
https://youtu.be/5VcB_C52TLM

‘Joyful militancy’ refers to an approach taken by some social movements, which

prioritises positive messaging and centres activism around enjoyable activities (e.g.
organising dance parades instead of regular protest marches)
THBT social movements should adopt the approach of ‘joyful militancy’.
https://youtu.be/CHlnh6GCBSA

THS political centrism (e.g. favouring moderate policies and bipartisan approaches to
political engagement, "reaching across the aisle") as a dominant political ideology.
https://youtu.be/8CCwC-tV9yE
THBT for students over the age of 14, art and literature curricula should actively include
works with violent or sexual themes, as opposed to minimising their role in the
curriculum.
https://youtu.be/zHmpM5ImjHM

Since 2006, the United States has imposed a wide variety of sanctions on Venezuela.
Among other aims, these prevent the Venezuelan government from accessing the U.S.
financial system, freeze the bank accounts of the Maduro administration and block oil
imports from the state oil and gas company. In 2017, Donald Trump tightened the
sanctions with the aim of ousting Maduro in favour of an interim opposition government
led by Juan Guaidó. Recently, Joe Biden took limited steps towards lifting sanctions on
Venezuela, including allowing very limited natural resource extraction operations in
Venezuela by the U.S. firm Chevron. The vast majority of US sanctions remain in place.
THBT Biden should lift all sanctions on Venezuela.
https://youtu.be/U2UeEtIXbJQ

rePlayer is a technology which records whatever each individual sees for every moment
of their lives. If they wish to, every person can download and replay any of their
memories on a screen. You can't show these memory recording to anyone else, only
play it for yourself.
THP a world where everyone is equipped with a rePlayer.
https://youtu.be/7vBW9OQ5Fqo

THO the focus on coming out in LGBTQ media and popular culture.
https://youtu.be/XYqMTmG2kho

THO established states actively curating and promoting a patriotic sense of national
identity
https://youtu.be/tHwssRROw-8

The Doxbridge Online Open Final - THW allow companies to buy the rights to govern
economically failing cities
https://www.facebook.com/100001303204037/videos/2861043363949076/

Doxbridge 2

When teaching language, prescriptive policies say that there are specific, strict rules to
language and grammar that must be followed to speak ‘good’ language. These rules are taught
to everyone in school and become the norm in professional settings. In contrast, descriptive
policies do not want specific rules to be taught, but rather just describe different uses of
language without saying one is ‘correct’. Rules are thus made according to the daily usage of
the language by speakers. For example, prescriptive policies would not be ok with sentences
like “To boldly go where no man has gone before”, “I is a student”, ""I am shook"", or variations
of language such as Singlish or Spanglish, whereas descriptive policies would be.THBT policies
regarding the teaching and use of language should be descriptive rather than prescriptive
https://youtu.be/nxHIWpmcGoc

THR the glorification of the concept of genius

https://youtu.be/j-J5FbCgTF8

Reincarnation is the belief that the non-physical essence of a living being starts a new life in a
different physical form or body after biological death. (This assumes the existence of a being's
non-physical essence). Karmic reincarnation is the belief that this cycle of rebirth is dependent
on the moral worth of a person's words, thoughts and actions during their lifetime. A person who
has died after leading a virtuous and morally praiseworthy life (accumulated good karma) will be
reborn in a more comfortable context, while a person who has died after leading a life of moral
degeneracy (accumulated bad karma) may be reborn as a lower life form (e.g. insect, animal).
THP a world where Karmic reincarnation exists
https://youtu.be/Js0iJy8JFzE

Doxbridge 3
This House Would allocate the majority of government sports funding to encourage grassroots
participation (e.g. amateur community clubs, after school sports clubs, etc.) rather than invest in
achieving success in prestigious competitions (e.g. intensive coaching academies, player and
personnel salaries, etc.)
https://youtu.be/ZdMNOIcUXu0

This House Supports the adoption of variable minimum wage laws Info: Variable minimum wage
laws apply different minimum wages for different groups, such as young or unskilled workers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPHaQ6fgGVc

This House Regrets the narrative that the process of overcoming illnesses (e.g. cancer) is a
"fight".
https://youtu.be/CvRcrbOXDF4

Voter insurance is a scheme in which voters can choose to deploy their vote differently - not in
favour of a candidate winning, but in order to purchase insurance against a candidate winning.
Voters now have the option to tick the insurance option against a particular candidate in lieu of
voting for any one candidate. The rest of the voting process remains exactly as it was before. All
voters who insured themselves against the eventual winner of the election will receive a sum of
money from the government as compensation for the projected future harm they will suffer
during the term of office. The CA team has found a way to implement voter insurance while
preserving completely the anonymity of the voting process, so voters who purchase voter
insurance cannot be identified by any part of the government. This House Would implement a
system of voter insurance for national elections
https://youtu.be/8IfFxv4UToU

This House Believes That leaders of marginalized minority groups should urge their respective
communities to partake in greater social integration at the expense of sustaining unique cultural
attributes.
https://youtu.be/C8W4Z5kJ8yI

Sharia refers to Islamic religious law. Many countries have dual-legal systems, with Sharia
courts existing alongside secular courts. THBT feminists in Muslim-majority countries should
advocate for the abolishment of Sharia Courts than working to reform it (advocating for more
female judges, pushing for feminist interpretations of the Quran).
https://youtu.be/ug7jYv71x00

TBHT Asian regimes accused of committing human rights violations should be investigated by
TRCs rather than subject to punitive mechanisms (ICTs, ICC)
https://youtu.be/aU7jkJ47Z24

Info Slide: "We are plain quiet folk and have no use for adventures. Nasty disturbing
uncomfortable things! Make you late for dinner!" - Bilbo (Hobbit) to Gandalf (Wizard). The Shire
is an inland rural area settled exclusively by Hobbits, largely sheltered from the rest of Middle
Earth. They also eat two breakfasts. Beyond the Shire dwell the rest of Middle Earth's
inhabitants, including the kingdoms of Man, Dwarves, and Elves Motion: Assuming the One
Ring has been destroyed and Sauron defeated, This House, as a Hobbit, Would never leave the
Shire.
https://youtu.be/3KHEce2W7EE

Doxbridge 4
THW, as major sporting associations of female-dominated sports (e.g. netball, gymnastics,
beach volleyball, figure skating), focus our marketing/recruitment on expanding men’s
participation
https://fb.watch/aYLXcaH021/

THS the trend of long-term romantic couples living apart (i.e. at separate residential addresses)
https://fb.watch/aYLZ2g6I6y/

Motion: THBT it is in the interest of China to continue pushing for the internationalization of the
yuan Info: Presently, China is utilizing a variety of measures to push for the Yuan to become a
global reserve currency. A reserve currency is a foreign currency that is held in significant
quantities by central banks or other monetary authorities as part of their foreign exchange
reserves. The reserve currency can be used in international transactions, international
investments, and all aspects of the global economy. These measures by China include:
conducting bilateral trade and investment in Yuan rather than USD, creating alternative banking
systems, making it easier to conduct international transactions outside of USD, and gradually
alleviating capital controls (regulations that restrict or prohibit the movement of capital across
national borders).
https://fb.watch/aYL-kjfqLP/

THR the increasing secularization of philosophy.

https://fb.watch/aYM0DfbwG3/

This House Believes That international development institutions (e.g. the World Bank) should
not finance natural resource extraction projects in corrupt states.
https://fb.watch/aYM1HXnCph/

This House Believes That Black Lives Matter should closely integrate the black church and
elements of black liberation theology (the narrative that liberating the oppressed is the core of
Christian doctrine) into its organizational structure and doctrines.
https://fb.watch/6o5vLMkTRg/

THBT political parties should be able to replace their elected members at any point during their
term in office
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-2uj0cdFiA&ab_channel=DoanDuc-Huy

Motion: THW use the Sweden Pill in Country X Info slide: Political Scientist Michael Walzer
constructs a thought experiment in which the Swedish government ‘had in its possession a
wondrous chemical which, if introduced into the water supply of Country X, would turn all
citizens, elites and masses, into Swedish-style social democrats.’ These Country X citizens face
‘a military dictatorship and a religious "republic," without civil and political liberties, and brutally
repressive, not only because a new political elite has established itself and resists all challenges
but also because women have been returned to their traditional religious subordination to
patriarchal authority.’ The pill would ‘provide them with the knowledge, capacity, and will to
create a new regime in which basic security rights, political and civil liberties too, would be
respected, women would be treated as equals and so on.’ He finds such an intervention to be
morally unacceptable, ‘as the historical religion and politics of the people’ in which the
authoritarian government is grounded, ‘are values for the people of Country X.’
https://fb.watch/aYM5yYO3rb/

DoxGaming is a medium-sized video game company in the very early stages of developing two
new online competitive games called 'Doxtastic 2077' and ‘Doxbot 420'. They are currently
deciding which game they will continue production on and which game they will halt production
on. In 'DoxBot 420', the game’s mechanics would prioritize a very high degree of skill expression
(like Starcraft, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, or Chess). In games of this nature, the skill of a
player or team of players has a very high degree of influence on the outcome of the game. In
'DoxTastic 2077', the game’s mechanics would prioritize unexpected outcomes and randomness
(like Mario Kart, Fall Guys, or Uno). In games of this nature, the skill of a player or team of
players has much less influence on the outcome of the game. Motion: TH, as DoxGaming,
would continue development on 'DoxTastic 2077' rather than 'DoxBot 420'
https://fb.watch/aYM8E3NHJ5/

Doxbridge 5

Under 'whole life desert', criminal sentences start as 'maximums' that can be infinitely mitigated
by someone's life circumstances, such that persons who commit similar crimes are punished in
a way that they experience the same level of utility across their 'whole lives'. For example, an
individual who has had a hard life would receive a lighter murder sentence than an individual
raised in relative privilege. Assuming feasibility, THW adopt 'whole life desert' considerations for
criminal sentences.
https://fb.watch/eMJuPlSJct/

THO the EU’s decision to cut funding given to member states as a penalty for passing policies
deemed to be against EU values
https://fb.watch/eMJyjyTmGj/

This House Regrets the practice of religiously obliged alms-giving (e.g. Zakat, tithing, maaser,
dana).
https://fb.watch/eMJznKRIqN/

Buy-now-pay-later companies partner with retailers to offer shoppers the option of paying for
their purchases in interest-free instalments, while charging late fees for missed payments.
Market surveys suggest their increasing popularity; for example, some claim that around half of
all US consumers have used such a service. THR the increasing popularity of buy-now-pay-later
services eg Afterpay, Affirm, Klarna, etc
https://fb.watch/eMJAs-W7lf/

Until 2021, a part of French foreign policy was active involvement in previous French
protectorates, such as Mali and Burkina Faso. The publicly announced goals of this policy were
to help foster political stability inside the affected countries, as well as cooperation between
these countries and France. In 2021, France announced the decision to start withdrawing from
the region and putting an end to its military operations there. THBT it is in France's interests to
distance itself from former French protectorates in West Africa
https://fb.watch/eMJBqLo8MC/

Doxbridge Worlds 2021

THBT the West should invest domestically in schools that provide alternative progressive
interpretations of religious text to combat radicalism
https://youtu.be/YUOSI_HXNJU

THR the creation of progressive political icons in the US (e.g. AOC, Bernie Sanders)
https://youtu.be/k6aYpy_UKsA

Info: Cosmopolitanism is an ideology that focuses on an individual's identity being connected to

the global community. Motion: THR the rise of Cosmopolitan culture
https://youtu.be/wE4krqMqlwQ

This House Supports efforts that aim to strictly delineate military and civilian spheres of
influence (e.g. banning military generals from running for political office/appointment of military
leaders into civilian positions, delegating military decision making entirely to military
commanders) in Southeast Asia.
https://fb.watch/2OAZB1tZG9/

In the NFL, more than half of the players are African-American. However, despite this, 12 of 32
teams have not hired an African-American coach since 2009 despite vacancies opening up for 8
of the teams. THR the NFL's decision to implement interviewing and hiring incentives (i.e. higher
draft picks) for African-American coaches rather than pursuing the punishment of management
for unequal hiring practices
https://youtu.be/SLQHvHr41Hc

THBT criminal justice policy should be decided by appointed technocrats rather than elected
representatives
https://youtu.be/y5JeAvNHW2I

THW require educational institutions in wealthy countries with high numbers of international
students to pay a percentage of those students' tuition to educational institutions in developing
countries
https://youtu.be/gou3H7wE0EA

Colonial determinism refers to the view that postcolonial states are irredeemably influenced by
the structures of colonialism, and that these structures are primarily responsible for the
economic, political and social contexts these states find themselves in. THR the pervasiveness
of colonial determinism in discourse surrounding African development.
https://youtu.be/2xb2zVR7Fog
https://youtu.be/fQWCiId4ZIg

In 2019 the Bolivian army ousted President Evo Morales, put in place a conservative
government, and engaged in widespread political persecution against Morale´s MAS political
party. In November 2020 MAS returned to power in a landslide electoral victory. THBT the
Bolivian government should prosecute the perpetrators of the 2019 coup
https://youtu.be/-bNO5XWZCR4

THBT the state is morally illegitimate

https://youtu.be/gaH44OacqEA
https://youtu.be/NecXnZNMy1Q

Artificial General Intelligence is the hypothetical intelligence of a machine that has the capacity
to understand or learn any intellectual task that a human being can. It is a primary goal of some
artificial intelligence research. THW ban research into the creation of Artificial General
Intelligence
https://youtu.be/C3L2ohjeBxc

In countries with weak central governance, this house prefers civil-society-supported military
coups
https://youtu.be/Y5q-b2qpuEw

TH, as the RNC, would advocate for the criminal prosecution of Donald Trump
https://youtu.be/VSyiwi6X8go

Doxbridge Worlds 2022

THO the Gulf States' (Qatar, UAE, Saudi Arabia) growing influence in the Horn of Africa
(Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Sudan and Eritrea)
https://fb.watch/eMJj0Mifem/

The principle of proportionality prohibits attacks against military objectives which are excessive
in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. When responding to civilian
casualties, This House Believes That the military action taken does not have to meet the
principle of proportionality.
https://fb.watch/eMJllfB_rJ/

The African National Congress (ANC) is the ruling party in South Africa. It has been in power
since it negotiated with the governing National Party in 1993 to end apartheid, after 8 decades
of struggle. At the time, the ANC prioritized securing legal and political rights, and the first
democratic election was held in 1994. THP a world in which the ANC had prioritized economic
and land reparations over legal and political rights during negotiations to end apartheid
https://fb.watch/eMJosBRCG1/

“The Death of God” refers to a hypothetical scenario where no living people maintain a belief in
the existence of a higher power. This House Supports the eventual Death of God
https://fb.watch/eMJpXrBEjd/
Doxbridge Pre-WUDC 2022

THS the transition of media coverage of sports to social media (e.g. athletes promoting
themselves on social media, sports associations streaming games for free online) at the
expense of traditional sports journalism (e.g. televising of games on TV, journalists providing
long-form features of athletes)
https://fb.watch/eMJMra64V4/

Assuming the prevalence of any given gene in the total human population remains the same,
THP a world where babies were born with a random genetic profile, rather than one inherited
from their parents
https://fb.watch/eMJNlsA2Dr/

THP a world in which Islam had a strong central authority since inception (cf. the papacy in
Catholicism)
https://fb.watch/eMJOqo9lZM/

THW would give industry representatives (e.g unions or professional associations) a veto over
political appointments made in their area of expertise (e.g. bar associations when selecting
judges, teachers unions when appointing an Education Minister, etc.)
https://fb.watch/eMJROPm7sy/

THP a world where the norm is that people hold multiple part-time jobs instead of the current
norm of one full-time job
https://youtu.be/CCrGDBv6wnQ

THBT the International Criminal Court should abolish its practice of complimentarity
https://fb.watch/eMJTu5XXz8/

You come across a button which, if pressed, will instantly and painlessly erase all of human
existence. If not pressed immediately, the button will permanently disappear. THW press the
button.
https://fb.watch/eMJUI7py1Z/

Since its inception in 2020, benevolent capitalistic entity 'Doxbridge Debating' has run 13
international tournaments for thousands of participants from around the world. As a result,
Steven has bought himself several magnums of Dom Pérignon. THR the rise of for-profit
debating
https://fb.watch/eMJWxlEaFg/
Oxford IV 2021

THBT states should discourage the concentration of their country's economic and political
power within a single city
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jc_VAeV7So&ab_channel=OxfordIVLivestream

The Politeness Pill, when taken, temporarily permits only socially acceptable behavior, such as
obedience, attendance at school, good manners, following the law, refraining from drugs and
alcohol, etc.THW allow parents to give the Politeness Pill to their children under the age of 18,
regardless of the children's consent.
https://youtu.be/opmzTJNrkJo

Recovery from Religion" organizations are nonprofit organizations that offer support to people
who are trying to leave a religion. For example, they organize support groups, operate call
centers where people can get support over the phone, and organize events that promote
atheism and secularism. THBT Western liberal democracies should finance the creation and
operation of “Recovery from Religion” organizations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAFasrLL_R0&t=159s&ab_channel=OxfordIVLivestream

THS the current rise in energy prices

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldOno5G6tr8&ab_channel=OxfordIVLivestream

THBT no-platforming movements* in universities have done more harm than good
*No-platforming movements aim to deny certain individuals the opportunity to express their
views publicly
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk-xKgKZwdo&ab_channel=OxfordIVLivestream

THS all professional football* clubs requiring majority fan ownership. *For this purpose of this
debate (as it is in the real world) football refers to soccer not your other subpar handball games.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hsu-UdoKlsU&ab_channel=OxfordIVLivestream

THBT NATO should significantly expedite the approval of Ukraine's NATO membership
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQ8semJ9Nb8&ab_channel=OxfordIVLivestream

Many major corporations like Facebook, Nike etc. have recently announced their intent to
explore and invest in the 'Metaverse'. 'Metaverse' is a new technology concept currently in
development that is trying to bridge the gap between interactions in the virtual and real world
through technology such as augmented reality, VR, creating virtual worlds, etc. THBT
proliferation of the Metaverse will bring more harm than good
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NHoXo7OOcs&ab_channel=OxfordIVLivestream

THO the dominant influence of popular culture on what constitutes good sex
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLYDfBhR4rU&ab_channel=OxfordIVLivestream
Oxford IV Online 2020

THP lockdown policy decisions in federal governments to be made regionally (e.g. by states,
provinces) rather than by the centralized government
https://youtu.be/kkculmvEbRg

This house, as Saudi Arabia, would provide funding and support to Tigray People's Liberation
Front (TPLF), and encourage their aggression against the Ethiopian federal government.
https://youtu.be/roFCM1Bdjm8

Hyperthymesia (HSAM) is a rare condition that leads people to be able to remember an

abnormally large number of their life experiences in vivid detail. THW prefer to be born with
HSAM
https://youtu.be/gkbMCoBIC3s

THR the narrative that there exists no objective truth

https://youtu.be/wJwtOUB-9XE

Cambridge IV 2021

THBT the trend towards the nationalization of art has done more harm than good
https://www.facebook.com/100001982664333/videos/195851559282355/

THW introduce racial quotas for healthcare professionals (e.g. nurses, doctors)
https://www.facebook.com/100001982664333/videos/563903694677576/

THBT the feminist movement should oppose the commercialisation of repoduction

https://www.facebook.com/100001982664333/videos/1171624713326702/

THP a world where religious beliefs and teachings are not codified into scripture or doctrine
https://www.facebook.com/100001982664333/videos/191602963064298/

THBT South American countries should no longer co-operate with the USA's "War on Drugs"
https://youtu.be/Yi-ixUgQSCY

THBT national legislatures should apportion electoral representation by age group, rather than
geogrpahical area
https://youtu.be/6Mj-bOzGYLU

In response to the 2021 Belarus-European Union border crisis, THBT NATO should deploy
additional active duty troops to their member states in Eastern Europe
https://www.facebook.com/100009485997732/videos/255944473075267/
Transhumanism is a movement that endorses the study and creation of technologies to modify
the body, with the aim of surpassing natural limits to human abilities (e.g to senses, thinking,
control of emotions, health or longevity) (Hays, 2018).
This House opposes transhumanism
https://youtu.be/TXMP97FQp2k

Cambridge IV 2020
THR the decline of tightly integrated families
https://youtu.be/oW5B7DZuUH8

THBT protest movements should actively integrate religious figures and institutions in opposition
to authoritarian regimes
https://youtu.be/4t7o_XDowaQ

Neuralink technology aims to implant wireless brain-computer interfaces in humans. It is being

developed by Neuralink Corporation, which currently employs several high-profile
neuroscientists, has already implanted a device onto a pig, and expects to start experiments
with humans in 2020. THW ban the development of Neuralink Technology or any toher
brain-computer intereface
https://youtu.be/Qd0RYevCihM

Global Solidarity Fund (GSF) is an alternative solution to current global development. It attempts
to replace existing development and foreign aid organisations (e.g. the World Bank, or the Asian
Infrastructure Investment Bank), and allocate funds to both development, as well as lock some
funding for global crisis response. The GSF would be run by an independent, diverse panel of
experts in the relevant fields. THBT, rather than give money to Foreign Aid and International
Development Institutions, developed countries should instead directly fund the Global Solidarity
Fund
https://youtu.be/JUeA2PG7gNw

THBT humanity should invest considerable amount of resources into the exploration of deep
space (e.g. colonising, space mining, exploring deep space, finding alien races)
https://youtu.be/aOEccYc-tug

LSE Open 2022

This House opposes the human desire to leave behind a legacy

https://youtu.be/fYvwRwz5iLc

TH opposes organised religion

https://youtu.be/qZKj-caVPM8

This House believes that the International Criminal Court should prosecute US presidents for
war crimes (including but not limited to: Bill Clinton, George W Bush, Barack Obama)
https://youtu.be/SL8EmVBupH8

Manchester IV 2022

THBT the Bank of England should enact a policy of tightening the monetary supply* *increasing
interest rates, reversing quantitative easing
https://youtu.be/Q4zGUBBvzNo
https://youtu.be/9g-5CJdvJXQ

The Western Balkans include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro,
Serbia, and Kosovo. THBT the EU should continue the enlargement process in the Western
Balkans.
https://youtu.be/2Z9_3hHbD10

Manchester IV 2021

Criminal trials typically end in one of two verdicts - "guilty" or "not guilty". Under Scots law there
exists a third verdict -"not proven". This is functionally the same as "not guilty" but is typically
used to indicate the jury believe the defendant is guilty but lack sufficient evidence, and is
different from a mistrial in that a second trial is not guaranteed. THS the use of "not proven"
verdicts in criminal courts.
https://youtu.be/b0i5wALocf4
https://youtu.be/9k9UjVUONpQ

Recall is a supernatural phenomenon that records a copy of the recent memories of a randomly
chosen target without their knowledge. It then remotely implants this copy in the memory of a
second randomly chosen target, who upon recalling the memory experiences it in the same way
as the person from which it was recorded (e.g. they have the same emotional response to that
memory). THP a world in which Recall regularly records and distributes memories at a global
scale.
https://youtu.be/9Oysqtj3yAw
https://youtu.be/4D1QRmlahuU

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to mass production in Europe and the United States
in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1840. It was characterised by the advent of
steam & coal powered machinery, automation and a shift from agrarian lifestyles towards mass
production. THR the Industrial Revolution.
https://youtu.be/bM-PVhZ5gX4
Savanci Open 2022 Final - THW ban media coverage of ongoing celebrity trials
https://youtu.be/2_5sCcHpMLM

Yale Online IV 2021 Final - This House supports the narrative that all people are redeemable
https://youtu.be/7Nh1WqN8KVg

Yale IV Fall 2021 Final - "Gadol" is a religious leader that is acknowledged as the religious
supreme leader by the people's reverence, rather than the acknowledgment of an official
institution. Other leaders can exist across the religious hierarchy, many of whom choose to
follow the Gadol's preaching, but the Gadol has no official authority over them. There can only
be one Gadol every generation. THP a world in which religions follow a Gadol rather than an
official supreme leader
https://youtu.be/ZUCbd-yRCZk

Leiden Open 2021 Final - This House opposes the democratization of the European Union
(e.g. the increase of power of the European Parliament, the increased focus on European
elections, and a stronger push of the European identity)
https://youtu.be/rOraP4i807Q

Leiden Open 2022 Final - Citizen journalism, also known as collaborative media, participatory
journalism, democratic journalism, guerrilla journalism or street journalism, is based upon public
citizens playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing, and
disseminating news and information. This House regrets the rise in consumption of citizen
journalism.
https://youtu.be/fBwS7hfx4cI

LSE Open 2021 Quaterfinals - THW require no-fee brokerages (e.g. Robinhood) to introduce a
minimum asset threshold for all investors
https://youtu.be/FzFqEGvHHJQ

KCL Open 2021 Final - San Pedro is the largest prison in Bolivia and is renowned for being a
society within itself. There are no guards inside the prison and police officers exclusively guard
the outside of the prison only. Prisoners have to buy/rent the cells they live in, with a range of
accomodation provided to them from worst to best. The families of prisoners are allowed to live
with them, leaving and entering anytime they wish. Prisoners can earn money from working in
the prison as messengers, hairdressers, shopkeepers and many more. The prison holds annual
elections to elect a leader and executives, similar to a regular cabinet. The law in this ""society""
is made and enforced exclusively by the majority of the prisoners.
THS a widespread implementation of San Pedro's prison structure
https://youtu.be/CZMgmKUP-i4

Princeton IV 2021 Quaterfinals - Shareholders have the legal right to vote on corporate policy.
Shareholder activism extends beyond voting to external actions intended to pressure other
shareholders and the company management (e.g. through publicizing their demands in media
publications, launching law suits against management members, etc.)
Motion: THS the significant increase in shareholder activism.
https://youtu.be/Jnm1UfBJ3B8

Princeton IV 2021 Final - THP a world where individuals treated everybody as though they
carry equal moral weight, rather than a world where they treated their surrounding community
as though they carry more moral weight
https://youtu.be/kZw07BD5Z-0

Cambridge IV 2018 Quarterfinal - Actually, THW rather see one innocent man go to jail than
see 100 guilty men walk free
https://youtu.be/ogBojzyUYko

Durham IV 2018 Final - A "cultural defense" is a defense in criminal trials. It involves the
defendant claiming that their actions were motivated by their cultural background and
beliefs.'This House Would allow the 'cultural defense' in all criminal proceedings.'
https://youtu.be/xDW5yhFSl6o

Oxford IV 2017 Final - Assuming it could be done peacefully, THW replace all existing
governments with a single global democratic government.
https://youtu.be/w_kCyaIiGQs