DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT FOR MINOR MINERALS

KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT

Prepared as per the Ministry of Environment, Forest

and Climate Change MoEF & CC
Gazette Notification S.O.3611 (E) Dated 25.07.2018.

MAY 2019
 DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT
KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT

Chapter Content Page No.

1 Introduction 1
2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District 4

3 General Profile of The District 5

4 Geology and Mineral wealth of the district 10

5 Drainage of Irrigation Pattern 24

6 Land utilisation pattern in the district 25

7 Surface Water And Ground Water Scenario of The 28
District
8 Rainfall Of The District And Climatic Condition 31

9 Details Of The Mining Quarry leases In The 33

Kancheepuram District
10 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last 35
Three Years
11 Details of Production of Minor Mineral in Last Three 38
Years
12 Mineral Map of The District 38
13 List of Letter of Intent (LOI) Holders in The District 39
Along With it’s Validity
14 Total Mineal Reserve Available in The District 39

15 Quality / Grade of Mineral available in the District 39

16 Use of Mineral 39

17 Demand and Supply of the Mineral in the last three 40

years
18 Mining Leases marked on the map the district 40

i
19 Details of the area of where there is a cluster of 41
mining leases viz number of mining leases,
location (latitude and longitude)
20 Details of Eco-Sensitive Area 41
21 Impact on the Environment (Air, Water, Soil, Flora 42
& Fauna, land use, agriculture, forest etc.) due to
mining activity:
22 Remedial Measures to mitigate the impact of 43
mining on the Environment
23 Reclamation of Mined out area (best practice 43
already implemented in the district, requirement
as per rules and regulation, proposed reclamation
plan)
24 Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan: 44
25 Details of the Occupational Health issues in the 48
District. (Last five-year data of number of patients
of Silicosis &Tuberculosis is also needs to be
submitted
26 Plantation and Green Belt development in respect 48
of leases already granted in the District
27 Any other Informations 50

ii
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I. INTRODUCTION

The Ministry of Environment, Forest Climate Change vide its

notification in S.O.3611 (E) dated 25.07.2018 had laid down the

procedure for preparation of District Survey Report for Sand mining (or)

River Bed Mining and of minor minerals other than sand mining (or) River

bed mining. In pursuance to the said notification, the District Survey

report of Kancheepuram District has been prepared. The objective of

preparation of District Survey Report is to identify the mineral hearing

areas. Quantity the available resources and there by carryout sustainable

quarry operations with respect to economyand environment.

This District Survey report is a guide for systematic, scientific and

sustainable utilization of natural resources, so thatpresent and posterity

may be benefitted at large. The purpose of District SurveyReport (DSR) is

“Identification of areas of aggradations or depositionwhere mining can be

allowed; and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to

infrastructural structuresand installations where miningshould be

prohibited”, in respect of Sand. In respect of other minor minerals all

that parameters required for scientific and sustainable mining based on

the nature and type of minor mineral have been incorporated

The District Survey report (DSR) contain mainly datapublished and

endorsed by various Departments and websites aboutGeology of the area,

Mineral Wealth details, Details of Lease and Forest, Rivers, Soil,

Agriculture, Road, Transportationand Climate etc.,Miningactivity in the

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District along with Revenue of Minerals. This report alsocontains details of

Forest, Rivers, Soil, Agriculture, Road, Transportationand Climate etc.,

Fig. No. 1. Location of Kanchipuram district.

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Kancheepuram was the historical capital of Pallavas, having

magnificent temples and unique architectural beauty that bears testimony

to its ancient glorious of Dravidian heritage. It is also known for its richest

silk. Mamallapuram, Uthiramerur and Sriperumpudur are some of the

other historical places in the district. The district is also known for the

numerous electronic and software units in the IT corridor, Giant car

manufactures like ford, Hyundai, BMW, Renault Nissan, BharathBenz

Telecommunication multinationals like Nokia and Flextronics and the

famous glass manufacturer Saint Gobain. Kancheepuram district is having

administrative divisions of 8 taluks, 13 blocks, 648 panchayats and 1137

villages as detailed below:-

No. of No. of
Sl. No Taluk Block
Villages Villages
1. Kancheepuram 207 1.Kancheepuram 91
2.Walajabad 116
2 Uthiramerur 124 2 Uthiramerur 124
3 Madurantakam 195 1.Madurantakam 101
2.Acharapakkam 94
4 Cheyyur 128 1.Chittamur 65
2.Lattur 63
5 Sriperumpudur 192 1.Sriperumpudur 101
2. Kundrathur 91
6 Tambaram 66 St.Thomas Mount 66
7 Chingleput 198 1. Kattankolathur 101
2. Tiruporur 97
8 Tirukkalukkundram 104 Tirukkalukkundram 104
Total 1214 1214
Table No. 1. Overall view of Kanchipuram District.

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II. Overview of Mining Activity in the District

Granite, Rough Stone / Building Stones, River Sand, Silica Sand and

Clay are the minerals available in Kancheepuram district.Mining

activities based on these minerals are very less. However, numerous

ordinary rough stone quarries are operational for production of

construction material in many of the areas in the district.

Procedure for Grant of lease for Rough stone quarries

Applicant submit the application to the District

Collector for the Grant of Rough stone quarry lease
under Rule 19 (1) TNMMCR, 1959

Land availability report by Sub - Collector or RDO of

the Division

Technical Report by AG/AD/DD or Geology and

Mining in the District

District Collector Issues Precise Area Communication

Letter

Mining plan Submitted by the Applicant

Environmental Clearance applied by the applicant

before DEIAA /SEIAA

District Collector Grants quarry lease permission for Rough

stone quarry for a period of 5 years under Rule 19 (1) and
20 of TNMMCR 1959

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The office of the Assistant Director, Department of Geology and

Mining is functioning under the control of District Collector,

Kancheepuram, The Assistant Director, Geology and Mining is assisting

the District Collector in the Mineral Administration works.

III. General Profile of The District

The district is situated on the Northern side of east coast of Tamil

Nadu. It is bounded on the east by Bay of Bengal, Chennai City and

Thiruvallur District on thenorth, Vellore and Thiruvannamalai Districts on

the west and Villupuram District andUnion territory of Puducherry on the

south. It lies between 11° 00' to 12° 00’ North latitudes and 77° 28' to

78° 50' East longitudes. The district has a total geographical area of 4433

Sq. Kms and coastline of 87.2 Kms.

Kancheepuram district generally experiences hot and humid climatic

conditions. The district receives the rain under the influence of both

southeast and northeast monsoons. High relative humidities between 58

and 84% prevail throughout the year. Relative humidity is maximum in

the morning and minimum in the evening. Higher rates of relative

humidity are observed between November and January i.e., 83 to 84%.

In the months of June, the humidity is lower i.e., around 58%. Average

relative humidity in the morning and evening 74 and 64%.The minimum

and maximum temperatures are 20°C & 37°C. The day time heat is

oppressive and the temperature is as high as 43°C. The district has a

reserved forest of 23855.84 Hectares. Cashew is the only major forest

produce. Total out-turn cashew in 2010-11 was 5.282 Tonnes.

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Other statistics of the district is given below:

S.No Particular Unit Statistics

1 Geographical features
(A) Geographical Data
i) Latitude 11.00’ - 12.00’
ii) Longitude 77.28’& 78.50’
iii) Geographical Area Hect. 4,43,210
(B) Administrative Units
i)Sub divisions Nos. 4

ii)Tehsils / Taluks Nos. 11

iii)Revenue Firkas Nos. 68

iv)Blocks Nos. 13

v)Town Panchayats Nos. 17

vi)Village Panchayats Nos. 633

vii)Municipalities Nos. 9

xi)Revenue villages Nos. 1,112

2. Population(2011)
(A) Sex-wise
i)Male Nos. 20,10,309
ii) Female 19,80,588
(B) Rural Population Nos. 14,53,072
(36.41%)
3. Agriculture
A. Land utilization

i)Total Area Hect. 4,43,210.000

ii)Forest cover Hect. 23855.840

iii)Non Agriculture Land Hect. 147350.195

v)Cultivable Barren Hect. 11007.989

land
4. Forest
(i)Forest Hect. 23,855.840

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5. Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries

A. Cattle

i)Cattle Nos. 6,21,651

ii)Buffaloes Nos. 1,54,434

i)Goats Nos. 3,89,190

ii)Sheep Nos. 3,08,342

iii)Poultry Nos. 12,32,833

iv)Milk Production Ltr. 235.529

v)Egg Production Lakhs 630.436

vi)Fish Catch– Inland Tonne 7,948.54

Marine
Railways, Roads, Communication, health and Education
a. Railways
i)Length of rail line Kms 221Kms

(a)National Highway Kms 317

(b)State Highway Kms 2,700.120

(c)Corporation & Municipal Kms 1,082.717

Roads
(d)Panchayat Union & Kms 4,757.412
Panchayat Roads
(e)Town Panchayat Roads Kms 363.560
Table. No. 2 Other statistics of Kanchipuram District

In Kanchipuram district, the bovine population is high in the

District and therefore, the Meat gravy concentrate industry having

bright future here. The District has achieved self-sufficiency in the milk

production and the surplus milk can be used to produce dairy products.

The fruit-based nutritious beverages are gaining popularity and are

in good demand in urban areas. There is good scope for the units

like mango pickles, Soft drinks, Chocolates and Chutneys. There is a

good demand for dried fish, fish meal, dried shrimp, canned shrimp

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and frozen shrimp in domestic as well as export market. There is good

scope for exporting these products to countries like Spain, Japan,

Australia, Italy, Belgium, Hongkong, U.K. U.S.A. Sri Lanka, Saudi.

The Rain Water Harvesting Structures with public participation

has begun to show results. The important rivers in the District are

Palar, Cheyyar and Vegavathi, Maduranthagam, Thenneri, Damal,

Kolavai Sriperumpudhur, Uthiramerur, Pillaipakkam and

Sembaranmpakkam are the few lakes in the District.

The District leads in the production of fruits Vegetables and

flowers in the State. The major horticultural crops are Mango,

Cashew and Banana. It has been proposed to set up a Mini Flower

Auction Centre at Pallikaranai near Chennai Airport at a cost of

Rs.15.00 crores to cater to the needs of flower growers to market

their produce both in domestic and international markets.

Kattankulathur, St. Thomas Mount, Kundrathur and Walajabad are the

blocks where the potentials can be exploited by undertaking agro/food

processing activities. Kanchipuram District is rich in fish resources.

Potential for exploitation of marine fisheries in the District is high with

the coastal line of 87.2 Km.

The District has three large scale car production units with foreign

collaboration at Sriperumbudur (HYUNDAI), Maraimalainagar (FORD)

and Oragadam (Renault Nissan) the giant glass- manufacturing unit of

Saint Gobain Glass factory near Sriperumbudur providing employment

to many people, apart from a number of ancillary units.

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The dispersal of Small Scale Industries units reveals that the

concentration of SSI units is in St. Thomas Mount, Kanchipuram and

Kattankulathur Blocks. The major Khadi Industries include Cotton,

Polyester khadhi, Silk and woolen units are in Kanchipuram District. More

than 5,000 families are engaged in silk industry and their spectacular

creations are marketed by a number of co- operative society.

Kanchipuram District is served by a network of 33 railway

stations and 233 Kms. of the total route length shared by broad gauge

(139 Kms) and meter gauge (94 Kms).

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), has developed

comprehensive technology for industrial operations in fuel reprocessing

and waste management. The range of activities promoted by the

Industrial Estates are vast - while Dr. Vikram Sarabai Estate at

Thiruvanmiyur houses electronic industries, the Alathur Industrial Estate

houses pharmaceutical industries and the Thirumidivakkam industrial

estate houses leather products and finished leather.

A considerable number of Granite polishing units are

concentrated in Echambakkam, Sembarambakkam, Chenglepattu and

Madurantakam areas. Under the control of Industries department 8

cooperative societies are functioning and the Irula cooperative society

has unique feature (Snake- antivenium production centre).

The District provides enough scope for the development and

growth of industries engaged in Textiles Garments, Leather Products,

Granites, Silk Alloy castings, Machine Tools and Automobile products

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Kanchipuram is a world-renowned silk city. Silk weaving in the

handloom sector is clustered in and around Kanchipuram, which is

famous for silk sarees. Kanchipuram's exquisite silk sarees are woven

from pure mulberry silk in contrasting colours and have an enviable

reputation for texture, lustre, durability and finish.The District has well

developed silk and handloom weaving industries in the co-operative

sector.

IV. Geology and Mineral wealth of the district

An outline on Geology of Tamil Nadu

Geologically, Tamil Nadu chiefly comprises Archaean hard rocks

formation except along the coast belt where marine sedimentary

formations belonging to Cretaceous and Tertiary ages, covered by recent

alluvium, are found to occur. Mineral occurrences of different origin have

been recorded in all these formations. Archaean rocks mostly consist of

Gneisses, Schists and Charnockites. The notable geological formation

found in Tamil Nadu is Cuddalore formation belonging to Tertiary age.

These formations are found to have plant fossils. Besides this, the

occurrences of Upper Gondwana formation also noticed near

Sriperumbudur (close to Chennai) and Satyavedu (A.P. State). These are

composed mainly of white to pink clays, shale and felspathic sandstone.

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Geological map of Tamilnadu and Puducherry is given below:

Fig. No. 2 Geological map of Tamil Nadu. (Source:Misc.Pub. 30,

GSI, Chennai)

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Geology of Kanchipuram District

General Stratigraphy of the area:

Age Formation Group Rock Types

Recent to Late Fluvial/Marine
Pleistocene Laterite
Cainozoic

Quartz conglomerate
Early to middle singles (Kanchipuram
Pleistocene gravels)
Calcareous Gritty
Sandstone and clay
Mio Pliocene Cuddalore Sandstone

Mesozic Lower Sriperambu Sandstone/Shale/Con

Cretaceous dur glomerate
Paleozoic Permian Talchir Lower Khaki Green
Gondwana Shale/Conglomerate/S
andstone
Younger Basic Dyke
Intrusives
Migmatite Migmatite Gneiss
Complex
Archaean Charnockite Magnetite Quartzite
Pyroxene Granulite
Charnockite
Khondalite Garnet Sillimanite
Gneiss

Kanchipuram area is endowed with a complex geological set up with

crystalline rocks occurring in the Southern part of the area and the

Northern part of the area The crystalline rocks occur at depths covered by

sedimentary formations ranging from Gondwana to Recent. The depth at

which the crystalline rocks occur progressively increase towards north.

The sedimentary cover sequence is named as Palar basin and the

thickness of the sediments is as high as 300 m in the northern part. The

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eastern part comprises unconsolidated sediments of fluvio-marine and

marine origin. The Precambrian crystalline rocks are represented by

charnockites and contain several enclaves mafic granulite. Garnetiferous

biotite gneisses, leptinites and banded magnetite quartzites are also

encountered as linear bands. Intrusion of dolerite dykes are also found.

GEOLOGY:

The area exposes crystalline rocks of Archaean age and

sedimentary rocks of Gondwana Supergroup and the Cuddalore Formation

belonging to Mio-Pliocene age. A gravel and shingle bed locally known as

Kanchipuram Gravels belong to the Pliocene to lower Pleistocene age. The

laterite and alluvium are related to Quatemary age.

The Archaean rocks are represented by Khondalite Group,

Charnockite Group and Migmatite complex. Garnet Sillimanite Gneiss is

well exposed in the Northeastern part of the district in Pachchamalai hill

at Chrompet, Parangimalai and Southeast of Pallavaram. Charnockite in

the predominant country rock and the type area for Charnockite is St.

Thomas Mount at Pallavaram Taluk. The name Charnockite, St. Thomas

Mount “Originated from the use of the rocks quarried from a central band

in the St. Thomas Mount for the Tomb stone of job Charnockite, the

founder of Kolhath in 1679 .In Pachchamalai hill it is essentially a quartz

sillimanite rich rock with minor amount of felspar. In Tambaram hill,

chamockite and metapellite are intimately interbanded, particularly along

the hinge zones. Isolated outcrops are also seen on either side of National

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Highway No.45 near Kadaperi. The major part of the district is occupied

by charnockite with enclaves of khondalite, leptynite and BMQ seen

around St. Thomas Mount, east of Guduvancheri, Madurantakam, Paler

and around Tirukkalukkunram. St. Thomas mount is an extensively

studied type area for the Chamockite. It is a typical rock with bluish grey

quartz, hard and compact, jointed showing recognisable foliation at

places. The outcrop stands out prominently as isolated cluster of hills.

The area in and around Pallavaram, Tambaram and Pulikaradu

contain several bands of pyroxene granulite. The chamockite is traversed

by narrow dolerite dykes which stand out prominently as dark low ridges

and seen for a few metres.

The lower Gondwana sediments (Talchirs) overlie the Archaean

rocks unconformably and are seen to the northeast and south of Palar

river preserved in the trough faults and comprise boulder beds, dirty

white to light green, greyish yellow fine sandstone, siltstone with clasts of

rock fragments and khaki green to greenish grey shales.

Mineral occurrences in Kanchipuram District

MINERAL WEALTH:

The East Coast of Kancheepuram District between Cheyyur to

Perunthuravu villages were studied for taking up investigation of Silica

sand deposits.

The general geology of the area comprises of Charnockite in the

West, overlain by Cuddalore sand stones further to the south. This is in

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turn overlain by sedimentary rocks comprising clay, sandy clay, clayey

sand and quartzite of Pleistocene age, now designated as coramandel

formation. Silica sand overlies these and are covered by beach sands.

The area is almost flat sandy terrain except a few charnockite out crops

especially in the areas near Mahabalipuram.

The coastal villages of Maduvankaranai, Munipillaichatram,

Mungalvakkam, Muttukadu, Nanganarkuppam, Odiyur, Paramankeni,

Parasuramankuppam, Perunthuravu falling Survey of India Toposheet No.

66D/C along the east coast were studied for the occurrence of Silica Sand

deposits.

Silica Sand of white to grey colour forms the upper part of the

coramendel formation and is sandwitched between the underlying

coramendel rocks and the overlying beach sands. These are rarely seen

as outcrops, exposed along Odiyur, Nanganarkuppam, Munippillaichatram

villages. The silica sand in these areas exhibits greyish white colour and

the individual grains are rounded to sub-rounded. The Silica Sand being

highly of porous and permeable acts as fresh water aquifers. Presence

of fresh water mostly indicate the possible existence of silica sand below.

The entire silica sand deposits are covered with windblown coastal

sands having variable thickness. They are pale yellow to straw yellow in

colour and will round in nature.

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Thus the potential mineral bearing villages are identified as follows:

Sl.No Name of the Village

1 Cheyyur

2 Maduvankaranai

3 Munipillaichatram

4 Mungalvakkam

5 Muttukadu

6 Nanganarkuppam

7 Odiyur

8 Paramankeni

9 Parasuramankuppam

10 Perunthuravu

11 Pallambakkam

12 Mudaliyarkuppam

The coastal stretch from Mugaiyur to Munipillaichtram of

Kancheepuram District consists of silica sand deposits. These sands can

be exploited for use in Glass industry, Chemical industry for

manufacturing Silica gel, abrasives and foundries. A further detailed

sampling and chemical analysis has to be carried out for the suitability of

the silica sand in Glass and foundry industry.

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Fig. No.3 Mineral Map on Granite of Kancheepuram District.

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Clay:

The upper Gondwana clay deposits occurs in parts of Sriperumpudur

the clay beds are generally horizontally reposed and occur as patches in

the shales and sandstones, resting uncomfortably on the archaeans i.e.

Charnockites.

The clays are plastic, white to buff coloured, ferrugious in some

places and generally comprises Kaolinite and montmorillonite as major

minerals with Quartz and Feldspar majority of the clay deposits are

refractory.

The area of clay occurrences are Sriperumbudur, Mathur, Vallam,

Vaipur, Edapaliyam, Kannanthangal, Kommantangal, Kandigai,

Mahadevimangalam, Kallambedu. All the clay deposits like the shales are

bedded formations. They appear to have been laid, down under lacustrine

conditions in a gentle easterly sloping basin with an irregular floor. The

shales represent a more indurated formation.

Estimated Availability of Mineral resources

S. No. Name of Mineral Estimated Availability
(in M3)
1. Silica Sand 6,00,000
2. White Clay 5,00,000
3. BlackGranite 3,75.000
4. Stone 75,00,000
5. Sand 45,00,000

Table. No. 3. Mineral resources of Kanchipuram District.

(Source: - Dept. of mines & geology)

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Fig. No. 4 Resource map of Kanchipuram District.

Rough Stone
Charnockite is applied to any orthopyroxene
orthopyroxene-bearing
bearing quartz-feldspar
quartz

rock, composed mainly of quartz, perthite or antiperthite and

orthopyroxene (usually hypersthene) formed at high temperature and

pressure, commonly found in granulite facies metamorphic regions, as an

end-member
member of the charnockite series.

Charnockite is extensively
xtensively quarried for rough stone productivity /

aggregates which is used as blue metals for construction of building,

laying roads and manufacturing of hollow bricks. In some places,

charnockite is used as grinder stone. Charnokite is exposed as excavated

excavat

hills in St.Thomas Mount, Tirisoolam, Thiruneermalai, pulikhoradu,

Nallambakkam, Erumaiyur. Surfacialexposes are encountered in many

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villages in the Aurimedu, Panaiyur, Vettaikkaranpudur, PeriyaVenmani

villages of MadurantagamTaluk, Siruthamur, Sirumailur, Madur of

WalajabadTaluk. In most of the places charnockite occurrence is sub

surgical. There could be seen in the well cutting profiles.

Apart from usage as Rough stone for aggregates, certain

charnockiteoccurances in the Siruthamur (S.F.No. 322

“kundruPromboke” ) and Sankarapuram (S.F.No.240, 259 “Kundru”) had

been catering to Rough Blocks for ornamentation purposes. Achieves

and local enquiry provides enough information that the rocks in these

areas are much sought after by the sculptures for making stone idols.

The list of permissions that have been granted for removal of

dimensional stones for ornamental purposes in tabulated as under.

Sl. S. Name of the lease & Order No. & Allot Remarks
Classification

No. No. Address Date ment

District

Taluk&
Village

of
Qty
in Cft

1 322 Dr.N.M.Veeraiyan, Chief G.O.(3D)

KundruPromb
Uthiremerur&

Patron, No.2
Siruthamur

4179 cft

ArulmiguBalamuruganAa Industries
oke

layam, Ch-05 (MMB-1)

dept,
Dt:21.03.
Kanchipuram

2017
2 240, Tvl. - - Proposal
WalajabadTaluk&

259 SirppakkalVettiEdukkum Send

Sankarapuram

ThozhilalarkalMunnetraS Govt vide

Kundru

angam, BajanaiKoil St, this office

Puliyambakkam Post, No.711/Q
Sankarapurm, 3/2017
WalajabadTaluk, Dt:8.11.2
Kanchipuram Dist. 018

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3 322 Thiru.V.S.SubrmanianSu G.O.(3D) 2000

Uthiremerur&Sirut

KundruPromboke
bramanamiyaBakthaSam No.53 cft
ajam Trust, Pulipakkam Industries

hamur
village, Chengalpattu (MMB-1)
Taluk. 603 002. dept,
Dt:01.11.
2010

Hence judicious exploitation of such deposits will encourage the

artisans engaged in idol making and will get the substantial revenue to

the Government.

River sand

Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely

divided rock and mineral particles. It is defined by size, being finer than

gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil

or soil type; i.e. a soil containing more than 85% sand-sized particles by

mass.

The composition of sand varies, depending on the local rock sources

and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland

continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica (silicon

dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz. The entire stretch of

Palar and Cheyyarriver contains substantial exploitable sand deposits.

However due to the reduced run off in these river, seasonal replenishment

has diminished to a greater extent. In view of the above, all types of

quarrying has been banned from 13.11.2013 to 12.11.2018 by the

Government. A proposal to extend the ban has been sent to the

Government vide the District Collector, Kancheepuram communication in

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Rc. No 413/Q3/2012 dated. 23.08.2018 The same is under the

consideration of the Government.

Silt / Ordinary Earth

Kancheepuram district is blessed with numerous tanks under the

control of Public Works Department / Revenue Department / Pancharaj

Departments scattered throughout the district. All the tanks contain

substantial quantity of deposited silt / ordinary earth and in certain places

gravel and the periodical desilting of these tank will produce a substantial

quantum of silt / ordinary earth which will later to the needs of brick

manufacturers and infrastructural projects for level lifting of lowlying

areas.

Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay,

whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. Silt may occur as a soil (often

mixed with sand or clay) or as sediment mixed in suspension with water

(also known as a suspended load) and soil in a body of water such as a

river. It may also exist as soil deposited at the bottom of a water body,

like mudflows from landslides. Silt has a moderate specific area with a

typically non-sticky, plastic feel. Silt usually has a floury feel when dry,

and a slippery feel when wet. Silt can be visually observed with a hand

lens.

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Fig. No. 1 Charnockite quarry, Umanancherry Village, Fig. No. 2 Charnockite quarry, PinayurVillage,
Chengalpattu Taluk. (N 12°51ˈ02.67˝ & E 80°06ˈ49.96˝) Uthiramerur Taluk. (N 12°44ˈ59.62˝ & E 79°52ˈ45.20˝)

Fig. No. 3 Charnockite quarry, Palayaseevaram Village, Fig. No. 4 Sulphide mineralization
WalajabadTaluk. (N 12°47ˈ59.70˝ & E 79°52ˈ47.06˝) Mamandur Village, (N 12°39ˈ22.34˝ & E 79°57ˈ7.58˝)

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Fig. No. 5 Charnockite from Mahabalipuram, Fig. No. 6 Silt mine from Sembarambakkam Village,
Kanchipuram District. (N 12°37ˈ36.94˝ & E 80°11̍ 33.76˝ ) Kanchipuram District. (N 13°00ˈ40.79˝ & E 80°01̍
32.76˝ )

Fig. No. 7 Silt mine from Sembarambakkam Village,

Kanchipuram District. (N 13°00ˈ40.79˝ & E 80°01̍ 32.76˝ )

V. Drainage of Irrigation Pattern

Palar and Cheyyar are the important rivers. The drainage pattern in

general is sub-dendritic and radial. All the rivers are seasonal and carry

substantial flows during monsoon period.

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River Palar, a major river course, which drains this district originates

from Western Ghats in Karnataka state, and discharges in Bay of Bengal

near Pudupattinam.

The Cheyyar, a tributary of Palar originates from the Jawadu Hills of

Tiruvannamalai district. It has a northeasterly flow in Kancheepuram

district and confluences with the Palar near Pazhaiyaseevaram.

Other seasonal river like Korattalaiar and Tandiar drain this district

partly on the northern and southern part respectively.

1.4 Irrigation Practices

The nine-fold lands use classification for the district is given
below.

S. No Classification Area (Ha)

1 Forests 23,856
2 Barren & Uncultivable Lands 10,948
3 Land put to non-agricultural uses 1,46,085
4 Cultivable Waste 10,430
5 Permanent Pastures & other grazing lands 18,328
6 Groves not included in the area sown 16,273
7 Current Fallows 8,156
8 Other Fallow Lands 73,136
9 Net Area sown 1,35,998
Total 4,43,210

VI. Land utilisation pattern in the district

Kancheepuram Local Planning Area covers Kancheepuram Municipal

area along with 33 villages. Kancheepuram municipality is a selection

grade Municipality. Other than this there is only one selection grade Town

Panchayat (ie.Sevilimedu). The total extent of the Local Planning Area is

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8349.17 Hectares of which the developed area is 2082. 05 Hectares. In

between the railway line and Vegavathi river thickly residential and

commercial area are existing and also small and big temples are situated.

The northern and southern parts of the Local Planning area are mostly

covered by valuable agricultural lands.

Soils have been classified into 1) clayey soil, 2) red sandy or red

loamy soil 3) Red sandy brown clayey soil and 4) Alluvial soil. Of the above

soils brown clayey soil is the most predominant, covering more than 71

percent of the areal extent of Kancheepuram district. Alluvial soils are found

on the banks of Palar, Cheyyar and other rivers. The river alluvium is

transported and is seen in coastal area of this district. Sandy coastal alluvial

(arenacious soil) occurs along the seacoast as a narrow belt.

Alluvial soils are found on the banks of Palar, Cheyyar and other

rivers. The river alluvium is transported and is seen in coastal area of this

district. Sandy coastal alluvial (arenacious soil) occurs along the seacoast as

a narrow belt. Soils have been classified into 1) clayey soil, 2) red sandy or

red loamy soil 3) Red sandy brown clayey soil and 4) Alluvial soil. The

muddy-nature of the soil horizon indicates that during the recent past the

area should have been a mud flat subjected to intertidal action and flooding

during monsoon. Hence, the area can be classified as paleo-tidal flat.

Evidences of tidal action comes from the occurrence of remains of

gastropods and lamellibranches shells that are characteristic of marine and

marginal marine environment. Increased sedimentation and development of

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sand bar in the creek that connects the tidal zone with sea has stopped

seawater interaction and the area has now prograded with periodical rains

decreasing the salinity of the soil.

Fig.No. 5. Soil map of Kanchipuram District

(Source: NBBSSLUP)

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VII. Surface Water And Ground Water Scenario of The District

Ground Water Resources

The ground water resources have been computed jointly by Central

Ground Water Board and State Ground & Surface Water Resources Data

Centre (PWD, WRO, Government of Tamil Nadu) as on 31st March 2004.

The salient features of the computations are furnished in Table-1. The

computation of ground water resources available in the district has been

done using GEC 1997 methodology.

Ground Water Quality:

Ground water in phreatic aquifers in Kancheepuram in general, is

colourless, odourless and slightly alkaline in nature. The specific electrical

conductance of ground water in phreatic zone (in Microsiemens at 25°C)

during May 2006 was in the range of 240 to 4220 in the district. It is

between 750 and 2250 µS/cm at 25°C in the major part of the district.

Conductance below 750 µS/cm has been observed in ground water in

parts of Chunampet, Mahabalipuram and Oragadam, where conductance

exceeding 2250 µS/cm has been observed in Melmukuttu road. It is

observed that the ground water is suitable for drinking and domestic uses

in respect of all the constituents except total hardness and nitrate. The

Total Hardness as CaCO3 is observed to be in excess of permissible limits

of 7% sample analysed whereas Nitrate is found in excess of 45 mgl/l in

about 25 percent samples. The incidence of high total hardness is

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attributed to the composition of lithounits constituting the aquifers in the

district, whereas the Nitrate pollution is most likely due to the use of

pesticides and fertilizers for agriculture. With regard to irrigation

suitability based on specific electrical conductance and Sodium Adsorption

Ratio (SAR), it is observed that the ground water in the phreatic zone

may cause high to very high salinity hazard and medium to high alkali

hazard when used for irrigation. Proper soil management strategies are to

be adopted in the major part of the district while using ground water for

irrigation.

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TABLE – 4

STAGE OF GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT OF KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT.

Existing Categorization
Allocation for for future
Gross Net Ground
Domestic and (in Ham) ground water
Name of Groundwater Assessment Draft for Existing water
Sl Net Existing Industrial development
unit (Block) Domestic Gross availability for Stage of
Groundwater Gross Draft Requirement (Safe / Semi
No. and Draft for future Ground water
availability for Irrigation supply up to Critical / Critical
District / Block industrial all uses irrigation
next 10 years development / Over
water Development
(2029) exploited)
supply

(1) (2) 3) (4) (5) (6) (7=5+6) (8) 9=4-(6+8) 10=(7/4)*100 (6)

1 Kancheepuram Acharapakkam 8355.48 5799.74 336.55 6136.59 356.22 2199.52 73 Semi critical

2 Kancheepuram Kancheepuram 9996.49 3685.04 398.06 4083.10 421.18 5890.27 41 Safe

3 Kancheepuram Kattankulathur 7506.20 4340.26 510.28 4850.54 539.92 2626.02 65 Safe

4 Kancheepuram Kunrathur 7889.65 4340.26 473.45 4813.71 500.95 3048.44 61 Safe

5 Kancheepuram Lathur 8744.55 9297.01 276.82 9573.83 292.91 -845.37 109 Over exploited

6 Kancheepuram Maduranthagam 10385.78 6188.32 353.02 6541.34 373.53 3823.93 63 Safe

7 Kancheepuram Sithamur 10967.37 10526.01 324.82 10850.84 343.69 97.67 99 Critical

8 Kancheepuram Sriperumpudur 12062.35 2251.86 345.17 2597.03 365.22 9445.27 22 Safe

9 Kancheepuram St. ThomasMount 3744.96 1877.29 908.20 2785.48 960.95 906.73 74 Semi Critical

10 Kancheepuram Thirukalukundram 10292.26 9107.00 478.30 9585.29 506.08 679.18 93 Critical

11 Kancheepuram Thiruporur 10211.09 7913.39 361.66 8275.05 382.67 1915.03 81 Semi Critical

12 Kancheepuram Uthiramerur 12698.57 13666.21 390.73 14056.963 413.42 -1381.06 111 Over Exploited

13 Kancheepuram Walajabad 11606.69 5385.82 335.89 5721.71 355.40 5865.47 49 Safe

Total 124461.44 84378.2200 5493.04 89871.26 5812.12 34271.10

Note: * Denotes the complete Saline Blocks.

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VIII. Rainfall Of The District And Climatic Condition :

Most of the precipitation in the Kancheepuramdistricoccurs inthe

form of cyclonic storm caused due to the depressions in Bay of Bengal

chiefly during northeast monsoon period. The southwestmonsoon rainfall

is highly erratic and summer rains are negligible.The normal annual

rainfall over the district varies from 1105 mm to1214mm. It is the

minimum in the western and northwestern parts ofthe district around

Uttiramerur (1105 mm) and it is the maximumaround Kovalam (1214.2

mm).

The district receives the rain under the influence of both southeast

and northeast monsoons. Most of the precipitation occurs in the form of

cyclonic storm caused due to the depressions in Bay of Bengal chiefly

during northeast monsoon period. The southwest monsoon rainfall is

highly erratic and summer rains are negligible.

The normal annual rainfall over the district varies from 1105 mm to

1214mm. It is the minimum in the western and northwestern parts of the

district around Uttiramerur (1105 mm) and it is the maximum around

Kovalam (1214.2 mm).

High relative humidities between 58 and 84% prevail throughout

the year. Relative humidity is maximum in the morning and minimum in

the evening. Higher rates of relative humidity are observed between

November and January i.e., 83 to 84%. In the months of June, the

humidity is lower i.e., around 58%. Average relative humidity in the

morning and evening 74 and 64%.

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Month & Year wise rainfall data of the Kanchipuram district is given below:

Month Normal 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

January 18 2.60 3.54 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.23 14.34 1.78

February 12 27.81 0.00 15.95 3.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.69

Winter Total 30 30.41 3.54 15.95 3.27 0.15 0.23 14.34 3.47

March 7 0.00 0.00 9.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.54

April 11 48.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.82 0.00 0.00 0.38

May 38 19.93 4.95 10.57 32.50 38.67 125.50 14.52 6.03

Summer
56 68.59 4.95 19.69 32.50 74.49 125.5 14.52 15.95
Total

June 50 18.73 26.03 49.57 84.56 26.83 57.30 61.78 39.92

July 111 69.02 51.42 103.67 42.22 71.76 55.52 82.29 47.95

August 157 124.72 98.76 114.48 95.89 107.45 121.66 165.10 150.84

September 160 109.93 62.31 136.79 100.23 61.98 168.35 78.11 75.05

SW Monsoon
478 322.4 238.52 404.51 322.9 268.02 402.83 387.28 313.76
Total

October 184 182.33 255.16 105.65 113.54 138.58 32.42 195.07 110.10

November 284 299.99 70.82 86.72 94.33 848.63 11.30 226.54 236.06

December 129 140.02 99.91 51.82 63.70 441.44 182.37 44.83 33.39

NE Monsoon
597 622.34 425.89 244.19 271.57 1428.65 226.09 466.44 379.55
Total

Total 1161 1043.74 672.90 684.34 630.24 1771.31 754.65 882.58 712.73

Excess / -
-117.26 -488.1 -476.66 -530.76 610.31 -406.35 -278.42
Shortage 448.27

Rainfall % 89.90 57.96 58.94 54.28 152.57 65.00 76.02 61.39

Shortage
-10.10% -42.04% -41.06% -45.72% 52.57% -35.00% -23.98% -38.61%
RainFall %
Table. 6. Rainfall data of Kanchipuram District.

Normal rain fall for the year :- 1161.00 mm

Rainfall %:- 61.39

North East Monsoon rainfall %:- 63.58

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IX. Details of Mining Lease details

GRANITE
Sl.N Name Of Name Of Address Mining Ares Of Period Of Mining Lease ( Period Of Date OF Status ( Captive / Obtained Location Of The Method Of
o The The Lessee & Contact Lease Mining Initial ) MIning Lease Commencem Working / Non - Environmental Mining Lease ( Mining (
Mineral No. Of Grant Lease ent Of Mining Non- captive Clearance (Yes / Latitude & Opencast /
Lessee Order (Hec) (1st/2nd Operation Working / No ) , If Yes Longitude ) Undergro
No. & …renewal) Temp. Letter No With
Date Working Date Of Grant und )
For Of Ec.
Dispatch
Etc.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

From To From To

1 4,Kuppus G.O.3 Pacham 28.08.05 27.08.25 - - 28.08.05 Non Non - No N12O E80001’ Opencast
amy (D) bakkam Working Captive 27’20” 00”
Street, No.53/I vge,
BLACK GRANITE

Karapakk nd.
am, (MMB-1) Cheyyur
Tvl.Arvind
Granites

Chen Dept. Taluk

nai-96 dt.19.7.
2005 1.50.0

2 76/78 G.O.3 Palur 20.03.07 19.03.27 - - 20.03.07 Non Non - No N12026’ E80001’ Opencast
BLACK GRANITE

Tvl.Gem Granite,

cathedral (D) and Working Captive 40.16” 32.79”

Road, Ch- No.32/I Kadugu
Chennai.

86 nd. pattuCh
(MMB-1) eyyurTal
Dept. uk
dt.21.
02. 3.73.0
2007

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3 31, G.O.No. Pulikund 27.12.95 26.12.15 - - 27.12.95 Non Non - No - - Opencast

Kamaraja 283/.In ramvge, Working Captive
BLACK GRANITE

rSalai, d.(MME-
Tvl.Tamin Ltd,

Chepauk, 1) Cheyyur
Chennai-5.

Ch-5 Taluk
Dept
2.78.5
.dt.27.1
2.1995.

4 31, G.O.No. Nelvoyp 20.08.07 19.08.27 - - 20.08.07 Non Non - No N12027’ E80003’ Opencast
Kamaraja 3(D) alayamv Working Captive 03” 34”
rSalai, ge,
BLACK GRANITE

Chepauk, No.68 Cheyyur

Tvl.Tamin Ltd,
Chennai-5.

Ch-5 Ind. taluk

(MME-1) 1.10.5
Dept.

dt.20.8.
07.

5 31, G.O.No. Echoorv 06.08.07 05.08.37 - - 06.08.07 Non Non - No N12037’ E80005’ Opencast
Kamaraja 209/Ind ge, Working Captive 16” 16”
BLACK GRANITE

rSalai, . Thirukaz
Tvl.Tamin Ltd,
Chennai-5.

Chepauk, hikundr
Ch-5 (MME-1) amtaluk
Dept. .
4.40.0
dt.17.7.
07.

6 No.50, G.O.(3D Pazhaya .06.18 .06.38 - - - Non Non - Yes N12047’ E790 Opencast
5th )No.31, seevara Working Captive 18.21” 51’55.4
D. Suthan, S/o. Devid

Street, Industri mvge, No.SEIAA- to 6” to

MULTI COLOUR

Bharathi es Walajab TN/F.NO.5804/1( N12047’ E790

adTaluk, a)/EC.NO.3792/2
GRANITE

Nagar, (MMB1) 26.77” 51’39.5

Mudichur Departm 1.83.00 016 DT:24.10.16 4”
Road, ent dt.
Tambara 07.06.2
m, 018.
Chennai –
600 063

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X. Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Years

2016-2017

Sl.No. Month & Year Revenue Amount

1 April'16 15,467,174

2 May'16 13,617,811

3 June'16 15,609,577

4 July'16 21,978,934

5 August'16 17,154,830

6 September'16 18,385,913

7 October'16 17,022,318

8 November'16 17,764,623

9 December'16 12,957,043

10 January'17 14,986,218

11 Feburary'17 19,235,927

12 March'17 29,488,095

TOTAL 213,668,463

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2017-2018

Sl.No. Month & Year Revenue Amount

1 April'17 13,406,439

2 May'17 21,476,441

3 June'17 17,905,810

4 July'17 24,607,455

5 August'17 24,517,727

6 September'17 24,075,188

7 October'17 17,719,540

8 November'17 16,386,759

9 December'17 21,119,010

10 January'18 21,589,311

11 Feburary'18 26,040,318

12 March'18 30,812,311

TOTAL 259,656,309

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2018-2019

Sl.No. Month & Year Revenue Amount

1 April'18 33,338,374

2 May'18 35,105,669

3 June'18 31,465,279

4 July'18 40,907,698

5 August'18 30,399,920

6 September'18 16,122,904

7 October'18 33,433,138

8 November'18 17,510,015

9 December'18 23,461,967

10 January'19 23,987,350

11 Feburary'19 25,672,104

12 March'19 34,094,688

TOTAL 345,499,106

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XI. Details of Production of Minor Mineral in Last Three Years

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

Name of Minor Minerals
(in Cubic Meter)

Granite - NIL -

XII. Mineral Map of the

he Distr
District.

Fig. No. 6 Mineral Map of Kanchipuram District.

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XIII. List of Letter of Intent (LOI) Holders in The District Along

With it’s Validity As Per The Following

Letter of Location Of
Address & Ares Of Vali Use
Name Of Name Intent The Mining
Sl. Contact No. Mining dity (Captive /
The Of The Grant Lease
No. Of Letter Of Lease To Of Non -
Mineral Lessee Order No. (Latitude &
Intent Holder be Allotted LOI Captive
Allotted Longitude )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1. Granite
NIL

XIV. Total Mineal Reserve Available in The District:

S. Estimated Availability
NAME OF MINERAL
NO. (in M3)
1. Black Granite 3,75.000

XV. Quality / Grade of Mineral available in the District:

S.NO. NAME OF MINERAL Quality / Grade

1. Black Granite Poor

XVI. Use of Mineral:

Granite
Granite is used in buildings, bridges, paving, monuments,

and many other exterior projects. Indoors, polished granite slabs

and tiles are used in countertops, tile floors, stair treads and many

other design elements. Granite is a prestige material, used in

projects to produce impressions of elegance and quality.

Kancheepuram District cosists of a considerable dybe deposits

(Black Granite) and Charnockite (Multicolour Granite) deposits, of

the quarries have yielded marketable Granite Blocks. This owes to

the poor quality and presence of defects.

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XVII. Demand and Supply of the Mineral in the last three years:

Demand Supply
Name of
2016- 2017-
Minor
17 18 2018-19 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Minerals
(in Cubic Meter) (in Cubic Meter)
Granite --- NIL ---
XVIII. Mining Leases marked on the map the district:

Fig. No. 7 Mining Leases marked on map of Kanchipuram District.

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XIX. Details of the area of where there is a cluster of mining

leases viz number of mining leases, location (latitude and
longitude)

 No Cluster of mining leases area in Kancheepuram

District.

XX. Details of Eco-Sensitive Area :

Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary Kancheepuram

It is one of the major Water Bird Sanctuaries in India.of 48 Kms

from Kanchipuram. The birds nest on the branches of submerged trees.

Storks, Egrets, Cormorants, Darter, Flamingos, Pelicans, moor

hens,herons, kingfishers, sandpipers, white ibis,spoonbills, swans and

grey wagtails are some of the birds which arrive here during season.The

best season time is between October and March, when a large number of

migratory birds visit. The birds can be viewed from the bank or from the

watch tower.The Best time to visit this sanctuary is from November to

March.The Vedanthangal lake bird sanctuary has a tradition of the people

actively protecting birds coming to the area since time immemorial. The

local people understood the relationship between birds and the

productivity of their crops even before the concept of wildlife conservation

came into vogue. They knew that the bird droppings in the water created

guano which acted as fertilizer. Towards the end of the 18th century local

villagers complained to the collector of officially recognized the lake as a

sanctuary. In 1962 it was given the legal status of reserved forest under

the madras forest act.

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Karikili Bird Sanctuary Kancheepuram

Karikili Bird sanctuary is located about 86 km from Chennai in

MadurantakamTaluk of Kancheepuram District this is one of the most

tranquil and beautiful place near Chennai spread over 61.21.00 hect.

this comprises of two rain fed irrigation tanks. The water enriched by bird

droppings results in increased yield. Beginning with the open billed

storks, the birds start arriving in Sep –Oct. Karikilli is a haven for ducks

and waders. Pin tailed ducks, Garganey teals, common teals, shoveller,

Little Grebe or Dab chick, Herons and Egrets are the other avian visitors.

Karikili Bird sanctuary is a place of lush greenery which has huge

number of birds. It is a conservative forest of barringtonia and acacia

nilotica. Among the many getways around Chennai is karikili Bird

sanctuary. This small sanctuary is home to a number of avian beauties

especially migratory once.

XXI. Impact on the Environment (Air, Water, Soil, Flora &

Fauna, land use, agriculture, forest etc.) due to mining
activity:
 To avoid any possible degradable effect on the environment,

all the mining leases are being permitted to operate only after

obtaining consent to establish and consent to operate under

Section 21 of AIR (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act,

1981 and Section 25 of WATER (Prevention and Control of

Pollution) Act, 1974. Hence, all necessary steps to maintain

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the ambient air quality and ground water quality are being

taken.

XXII. Remedial Measures to mitigate the impact of mining on the

Environment:-

 All the quarry projects in the Kancheepuram district are minor

mineral projects falling under “B2” category only. Hence,

these projects will have a very minimal impact on the land

use pattern. In order to avoid any impact of mining on

Environment, quarry leases are being granted 300 mtrs. clear

of any settlements.

XXIII. Reclamation of Mined out area (best practice already

implemented in the district, requirement as per rules and
regulation, proposed reclamation plan):-

 The predominant mineral occurrence in respect of

Kancheepuram district belongs to minor mineral category viz.

Rough stone, ordinary earth, gravel and silica sand. In all

the cases as almost 100% of the material mined is utilized, no

specific reclamation plan has been recommended. In all the

cases, the solid removed is utilized to develop green belt and

the mined out pits act as best sources of rain water collection

pits. Hence, proper green belt around the dugout pits, it is

also ensured that, the lessee fences the quarry pits so as to

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avoid falling of persons / cattles etc. in terms of Rule 26 of

Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 2017. The

best cases of reclamation of quarried pit is the case of

abandoned pits in Tiruneermalai village, Pallavaramtaluk.

The pits have been utilized to safe disposal of drilled earth

obtained during the formation of under groundtunneling

during the Chennai Metro constructions. Thus the quarried

pits also serve as apt locations for safe land fills.

XXIV. Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan:-

In any mining operations, whether opencast and/or underground,

work safety is taken care of by the Mines Act, the Coal Mines Regulation,

1957 and Rules framed there under. The risk to general public in the

present case may arise from the following:

i) Failure of dumps created by stones dug from incline

cutting.
ii) Flyrocks, during blasting operations, while driving
inclines
iii) Plying of trucks etc on public roads
In all the Stone / Earth quarries, there will be no risk to public from

any of the factors listed above as there will not be any habitation close to

the mining operations. All Latitudes will be located 300mts away from the

proposed area of quarrying.

The stone and earth material dug out while digging inclines for

approach to the mine will be utilized for construction of ramps etc. for

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haulage incline. The excess stone and rock will be placed on the ground in

low height dumps which will be reclaimed through plantation.

The blasting operations for approach will be so designed so that

there are no fly rocks in normal situation. The blasting operations will be

carried out after warning is given to people of surrounding basis /

habitations. There will not be any bulk storage of fuel and oil at quarries.

The permissible quantity of diesel and lubricants will be stored after

observing necessary precautions as prescribed. The tippers/trucks taking

coal to linked power plant will be plying on State Highway but entry from

mine to highway will be kept away from nearby Villages so than the risk

to persons is reduced.

Risk assessment is all about prevention of accidents and there is a

need to be aware that there is the risk of an accident before steps can be

taken to prevent it happening. It may not always be obvious that a

workplace task could lead to an accident. This is why risk assessments

are carried out. In risk assessment the words Hazards and Risks are often

used. The Hazards and Risks are defined as below:

1. A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm.

2. The risk is how likely it is that a hazard will cause actual harm.
Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of

various hazards (unsafe conditions) that exist in the quarries. On the

other hand, risk analysis deals with the identification and quantification of

risks, the plant and mining equipment and personnel are exposed to, due

to accidents resulting from the hazards present in the quarries.

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Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the

identification and assessment of risks the neighbouring populations are

exposed to as a result of hazards present. This requires a thorough

knowledge of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability

of populations etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or generate.

Consequently, the risk analysis is often confined to maximum credible

accident studies.

In the sections below, the identification of various hazards, probable

risks in the plant, maximum credible accident analysis, and consequence

analysis are addressed which gives a broad identification of risks involved

in the proposed mining and coal washery project. Based on the risk

estimation disaster management plan has been also been presented.

In order to avoid any risk / hazared, the following control measures

will be adopted:

• All safety precautions and provisions of the Mine Act, 1955, the
Coal Mines Regulation, 1957 and the Mines Rules, 1952 will be
strictly followed during all mining operations;
• Entry of unauthorized persons will be prohibited;
• Provisions of all the safety appliances such as safety boot,
helmets, goggles etc. will be made available to the employees and
regular check for their use;
• Initial training and refresher courses for all the employees working
in hazardous premises; Under mines rules all employees of mines
shall have to undergo the training at a regular interval;
• Working of mine, as per approved plans and regularly updating
the mine plans;
• Handling of explosives, charging and blasting will be carried out by
competent persons only;

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Blasting :

Most of the accidents from blasting occur due to the projectiles, as

they may sometimes go even beyond the danger zone, mainly due to

overcharging of the shotholes as a result of certain special features of the

local ground. Vibrations also lead to displacement of adjoining areas. Dust

and noise are also problems commonly encountered during blasting

operations.

Measures during Drilling and Blasting :

Following measures shall be taken while drilling and blasting

operations in the quarry:

• Drilling and blasting in quarry shall be done in accordance with

the provisions of Mines Act, rules and regulations;
• Adequate safety measures will be taken during blasting
operations in the quarry so that men/machines are not affected;
• Ground vibration due to blasting will be controlled by following
1. Reducing the explosive charge per delay;
2. Reducing the spacing and burden per blast;
3. Reducing the amount of explosive charged per blast; and
4. Proper controlled rock movement during blast by using suitable
initiating sequence and delay.

Measures Suggested to avoid Accidents due to Blasting

• Shots will not be fired except during the hours of day light
between to only.
• Adequate shelters or other protective structures will be provided
to the workers at all times; • The shot fire will give sufficient
warning by effective signal over the entire area falling within a
radius of 500-m;

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XXV. Details of the Occupational Health issues in the District.

(Last five-year data of number of patients of Silicosis
Tuberculosis is also needs to be submitted :-

As per the guidelines of the Mine Rules 1955, occupational health

safety stipulated by the ILO/WHO. The proponent’s will take all necessary

precautions. Normal sanitary facilities should be provided within the lease

area. The management will carry out periodic health checkup of workers.

Occupational hazards involved in mines are related to dust

pollution, Noise pollution, blasting and injuries from moving machineries

& equipment and fall from high places. DGMS has given necessary

guidelines for safety against these occupational hazards. The

management will strictly follow these guidelines.

All necessary first aid and medical facilities will be provided to the

workers. The mine shall be well equipped with Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE). Further all the necessary protective equipment’s such

as helmets, safety goggles, earplugs, earmuffs, etc. will be provided to

persons working in mines as per Mines Rules. Alloperators and mechanics

will be trained to handle fire-fighting equipment’s.

XXVI. Plantation and Green Belt development in respect of leases

already granted in the District:-
Green Belt Development

A well planned Green Belt with multi rows (Three tier)

preferably with long canopy leaves shall be developed with dense

plantations around the boundary and haul rods to prevent air, dust

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noise propagation to undesired places. Efforts will be taken for the

enhancement of survival rate since the soil is alkaline in nature.

Species Recommended for Plantation

Following points have been considered while recommending the

species for plantation:

1. Natural growth of existing species and survival rate of

various species.

2. Suitability of a particular plant species for a particular type of

area.

3. Creating of bio-diversity.

4. Fast growing, thick canopy cover, perennial and evergreen

large leaf area

Efficient in absorbing pollutants without major effects on natural

growth.

The following species may be considered primarily for plantation

best suited for the prevailing climatic condition in the area.

RECOMMENDED SPECIES TO PLANT IN THE GREENBELT

S. Name of the plant Family Name Common Habit

No (Botanical) Name

1 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem, Vembu Tree

2 Albizia falcatoria Fabaceae Tamarind, Tree
Puliyamaram
3 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae Kattumaram Tree
4 Borassus flabellifer Arecaceae Palmyra Palm Tree

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