INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY

EASY TYPE:

1. It is the entire body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon.

a. Crime
b. Criminology
c. Crim
d. Omission
2. It is a criminal law binding to a person who living or sojoum in the Philippines
regardless of age, sex, or nationality.
a. Generality
b. Prospective
c. Territorial
d. Uniformed
3. Crime is a social creation and it exist and society being a social phenomenon.
a. Nationalistic
b. Dynamic
c. Applied science
d. Social science
4. The study of the relationship between environment and criminality.
a. Criminal Demography
b. Criminal Ecology
c. Criminal Epidiomology
d. Sociology
5. Criminology is a changes as a social condition. It is contaminant with the
advancement of other sciences that have been applied it.
a. It is dynamic
b. Nationalistic
c. Social science
d. General
6. It is branches of criminology which deals with the administration and management of
jail.
a. Corrections
b. Criminal Justice
c. Penology
d. Law Enforcement
7. Study of origin of crime.
a. Criminal Ecology
b. Victimology
c. Criminal Etiology
d. Criminal Demography
8. An act or omission in violation of public law forbidding or commanding it.
a. Crime
b. Criminology
c. Law
d. Omission
9. Acts that are outlawed because they violate basic moral value.
a. Crime Mala Prohibita
b. Crime Mala inse
c. Felony
d. Offense
10. Which the law attaches the correctional penalties?
a. Grave felonies
b. Felonies
c. Less felonies
d. Less grave felonies
11. It is a moral creature with an absolute free will to choose between good or evil.
a. Classical Theory
b. Neo- Classical Theory
c. Positivist Theory
d. Theory
12. It is bases of most European legal system to this day.
a. Hammurabi
b. English Common Law
c. Justinian Code
d. Code of Kalantaio
13. It is processing of identifying personality traits, and behavioral tendencies of an
offender.
a. Profiling
b. Criminal Identification
c. Criminal Record
d. Criminal Profiling
14. Machinery that the society uses in the prevention and control of crime.
a. Law Enforcement
b. Criminal Justice System
c. Law
d. Court
15. It is Criminal Behavior is learned through interaction with other people.
a. Strain Theory
b. Differential Association Theory
c. Social Control Theory
d. Structure Theory
16. Which of the following correctly explain Deviant Behavior?
a. Contrary to the dominant norms of society.
b. Not Contrary to the dominant norms of society.
c. Shared by members of group of society
d. None of the above
17. Which one is the best describe for Criminal Man?
a. Identified the various physical.
b. Person who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime.
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above
18. Which of the following correctly explain the Social Learning Theory
a. It Is based on the interaction with the other people.
b. It is based on interaction with the environment.
c. People learned by observing others.
d. All of the above
19. Sociological Criminology is__________
a. Sees crime as an individual and social problem.
b. Refers to understand of crime and criminal justice and also the importance of
social inequality.
c. Refers to understand how people to socialize to other people.
d. Concerning the development, structure, and functioning of human society.
20. Which of the following was based on the mixture of common logic and devil beliefs?
a. Demonological
b. Classical
c. Positivist
d. Neo-classical

MODERATE TYPE:

21. Carl can interact with other people. Through interaction with other people, Carl
learned the values and attitudes, and he can commit crimes. What theory can apply to
that scenario?
a. Social Control Theory
b. Differential Association Theory
c. Social Strain Theory
d. Structural Strain Theory
22. Mark is in a religious family, because of his family and he is very religious, he
follows all the norms and cultural goals they have in their family. Through his
adherence to their norms and cultural goals that means that he can actually encourage
deviance. What theory can apply to this scenario?
a. Differential Association Theory
b. Strain Theory
c. Social Structure Theory
d. Social Control Theory
23. Christian will take the board exam this coming Friday. Today is Friday and Christian
is excited to take the exam because he knows he will pass. After taking the exam he is
very happy. After a few months, the result of the board exam came and when
Christian looked at the result, he failed the exam. That's why Mark just liked to
commit a crime. What theory can apply to this scenario?
a. Social Strain Theory
b. Learning Theory
c. Social Conditioning Theory
d. Differential Association Theory
24. Pedro has been really fond of committing crimes since he was a child. He also said
that he was born with a genetic predilection toward criminality. What type of
criminals of Lombroso describe in this scenario?
a. Atavistic
 b. Insane Criminal
c. Born Criminal
d. Criminaloid
25. Juan and his friend were drinking alcohol after a few hours Juan stabbed his friend
with a knife. What type of criminal by Lombroso describe in this scenario?
a. Atavistic
b. Insane Criminal
c. Born Criminal
d. Criminaloid
26. When a youngster is not properly socialized, they may experience a personality
disorder that leads them to either project their antisocial impulses outside or within.
What Theory can apply to this scenario?
a. Cognitive Theory
b. Sociological Theory
c. Psychological Theory
d. Psychoanalytical Theory
27. Ana and Maria have a disagreement because of norms and values. Ana and Maria
rejected every idea they had. What Theory can apply this scenario?
a. Conflict Theory
b. Sociological Theory
c. Neutralization Theory
d. Cognitive Theory
28. Then there is something wrong with his behavior which is very far from the behavior
of a normal person. She has been deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over
a long period of time.
a. Human Behaviour
b. Behaviour
c. Abnormal behavior
d. Deviant Behaviour
29. Pepe was walking, he saw a lot of people gathering because there was an event here,
Pepe thought he would steal there because there were a lot of people.
a. Situational crime
b. Instant crime
c. Continuing crime
d. Seasonal crime
30. Milo committed a crime and he violated the law and he was convicted by a court is
referred as?
a. Accused
b. Criminal
c. Prisoner
d. Inmate
31. Moy killed a person for the reason that he knew that the person was on drugs but in
reality it was not. What technique of Neutralization that applicable to this scenario?
a. Condemnation of condemners
b. Denial of responsibility
c. Denial of victim
d. Denial of Injury
32. In the crime scene, the Policeman saw a gun while he was being investigated. For him
to know what kind of gun it is, where can he go to investigate the gun he saw?
a. Forensic Ballistic
b. Forensic science
c. Criminalistics
d. Forensic
33. Andrei chose not to commit a crime because he thinks about his family and he also
doesn't want to disappoint his parents. What type of control is exemplified by Andrei?
a. Indirect Control
b. Direct Control
c. Internal control
d. Indirect control
34. Pj have softer bodies with curves. They have a wide waist and hips and large bones,
though they may or may not be overweight. Their weight is often in their hips, thighs,
and lower abdomen. What is body type of Pj?
a. Ectomorph
b. Mesomorph
c. Endomorph
d. Mixed type
35. Karl is disrespectful, disobedient and also he is always barricaded by those who like
to commit illegal activities. What type of behaviour of Karl?
a. Criminal Behavior
b. Deviance
c. Formal Deviance
d. Deviant Behaviour
36. Max is 10 years old. Max likes to steal, and even do different kinds of illegal
activities. Can he be called?
a. Juvenile Delinquency
b. Criminal
c. Delinquency
d. Inmate
37. Police Lopez conducted an investigation while they were investigating they were
talking about that they need to find the suspect so that it will help in our investigation.
If you are the investigator what can you do?
a. Put a poster on the pole so people know and facilitate their investigation.
b. Conduct criminal profiling to process of identifying the traits, behaviour and
demography of an offender based on characteristic of crime.
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above
38. Which one is applicable to describe the maximum “Nullum Crimen Noella pena sine
lege”?
a. There is no crime when there is no law punishing it.
b. There’s no law when there’s crime punishing it.
c. The law may be harsh but it is the law.
d. The act cannot be criminal where the mind is not criminal.
39. On Positivist School, What applicable punishment?
 a. Rehabilitation
b. Incapacitation
c. Retribution
d. Deterrence
40. An officer who trained a psychologist conduct a Polygraph Examination before he
starts the examination, he must first tell the procedures before he conducts. If you are
going to co-conduct the examination, what should you do first?
a. It there’s no anything else, it will be immediately conduct.
b. Give a consent letter if he agrees to conduct the examination.
c. The examiner not conducting a pre-test interview to establish a baseline for the
individual's physiological responses.
d. None of the above.
41. Maria was imprisoned because she was taking drugs. A few years ago he was
released. Mary is called by?
a. Ex-criminal
b. Criminal
c. Ex-accused
d. Ex- Convict
42. Jethro likes to commit illegal activities, but he has realized that he needs to stop his
work. If you are Pedro, what is the best solution to do?
a. Socialize with people who do not commit illegal activities.
b. Avoid people who like to commit illegal activities.
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above
43. Reason the made Pete a criminal having been found guilty of murdering 13 women
and attempting to kill seven others, most of them prostitutes.
a. Depression
b. Frustration
c. Low self esteem
d. Drive for power
44. People will engage in unlawful or delinquent behavior if they think it would win them
the acceptance and approval of these significant others in their lives.
a. Differential Association Theory
b. Differential Identification Theory
c. Differential Reinforcement Theory
d. Differential Opportunity Theory
45. The Differential Association Theory provides a good illustration of a social learning
approach perspective in Criminology Criminal behavior according to this theory is:
a. . A result of an emotional disturbance.
b. An inmate quality of goodness or badness
c. An excess of wisdom
d. Learned and not inherited
46. Pedro was died due to car accident. What kind of crime victim is the former?
a. Direct/ Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. None of the above
 47. Juan acted under the impulse of uncontrolled emotion on occasion during otherwise
moral lives.
a. Seasonal crime
b. Occasional crime
c. Criminal passion
d. Born criminal
48. Carla don’t have self -control to commit a crime. Carla called as?
a. Psuedo Criminals
b. Criminal by Passion
c. Born criminals
d. Criminoloid
49. Manuel was hit by a truck while he was walking. Manuel is called?
a. Victimology
b. Victimless
c. Victim
d. All of the above
50. Freudian Theory traces behavior as a deviation from the suppression of fundamental
desires. A person looks for a mental diversion from conflict or engages in overt, often
criminalistics, and compensatory action to get out of it. Which may be criminalistics
in nature. In this scenario, crime is seen as?
a. Heredity is one of the causes.
b. A behavior influence by environment.
c. A lack of some human necessities.
d. None of the above

HARD TYPE:

51. How can you relate the criminology to resolve conflict?

a. The process of managing and resolving disputes or conflicts between individuals
or groups in a way that is fair, peaceful, and just.
b. Helps society understand, control, and reduce crime.
c. Give opportunity or chance to hear their side to have agreement and resolve the
conflict.
d. All of the above
52. All of the following except one are the indicative of criminal tendency according to
anthropology of Cesare Lombroso, except one:
a. Measurement of cleft palate
b. Measurement of check bone
c. Measurement of the jaw
d. Measurement of hairline
53. A deliberate act or omission that violates the criminal code, undertaken without
excuse or defense, and classified as a felony or misdemeanour by the law is what is
legally defined as a crime. According to this definition:
a. It is believed that crime is an allied thought that turns into behavior when it
transgresses the law.
b. The culprit cannot be considered a criminal unless the legal procedures have
resulted in a conviction.
 c. it is contended that a criminal law is particularly stable and responsible means of
adjusting social control to changing social conditions
d. All of the above
54. What is the different between Social Learning Theory and Differential Association
Theory?
a. Social Learning Theory is propose that new behaviour can be acquired by
observing people, While Differential Association Theory it is learned through
interaction with other people.
b. Social Learning Theory is proposing that new behaviour can be acquired by
learned with people, While Differential Association Theory it is observed through
interaction with other people.
c. Social Learning Theory is argues that conflicting definitions in the social
environment create the specific direction of motives, drives, attitudes, and
rationalization, While Differential Association Theory is response to the
limitations of behavioral theories of learning.
d. There is no difference.
55. Following are the stages in the commission of crime, except:
a. Consummated crime
b. Frustrated crime
c. Attempted crime
d. Simple crime
56. White-collar crime is committed ordinary professional to maintain the livelihood,
while the Blue-collar crime is a committed by a person belonging to the upper socio
economic class In the course of his occupational activities.
a. Statement no. 1 True and Statement no. 2 is False
b. Statement no. 1 is true and Statement no. 2 is True
c. Statement no. 1 is False., Statement no. 2 is True
d. Statement no. 1 is False., Statement no. 2 is false
57. What are the difference between Labelling Theory and Imitation Theory?
a. Imitation Theory is a behavior that is modeled on or follows his or her
observation of another individual behaviour, While Labeling Theory is a behavior
that deviant label s applied to other and they adopt them.
b. Imitation Theory is a behavior that deviant label s applied to other and they adopt
them, While Labeling Theory is modeled on or follows his or her observation of
another individual behaviour
c. Imitation Theory is a world an person cause each other, while Labeling Theory is
uncontrolled impulse so that he/she commit a crime
d. There is no difference.
58. Following are the key mode of Differential Reinforcement, except one:
a. Positive and Negative Reinforcement
b. Negative Punishment
c. Positive Punishment
d. None of the above
59. What is the Bandura’s Principle of Social Learning?
I. Attention
II. Retention
III. Retribution
IV. Motivation
 V. Reproduction
a. I,II,III,IV
b. I,II,IV,V
c. I,II,III,IV,V
d. All of the above
60. What are the difference between delinquent and Criminal?
a. Delinquent is that violated rules and regulation or our law that breaking of
existing law, while the Criminality behaviour is illegal, moral, or deviant with
respect of societal values
b. Delinquent is a child who commits illegal activities, while the Criminality is a
person who commits a crime.
c. Delinquent is behavior is illegal, moral, or deviant with respect of societal values,
while the Criminality is that violated rules and regulation or our law that breaking
of existing law.
d. All of the above
61. Episodal crime is a series of acts of lengthy of time. Instant crime is the consequence
of the act destructive.
a. Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true
b. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false
c. Statement 1 and Statement 2 is both is true
d. Statement 1 and Statement 2 is false
62. Why and how concept of Demonological can be related to the concept of
criminology?
a. it is shown here that the demonological in criminology says that all crimes that
occur come from the devil
b. None of the above
c. Rooted in the belief that crime is caused by supernatural forces, such as demons
or evil spirits, influencing individuals to commit unlawful acts, that the concept
of the criminology is to assume that supernatural forces cause and control crime
commission.
d. None of the above
63. .When we say capital offense, it means:
a. A very serious crime, for which the death penalty is imposed
b. The highest penalty for selected offenses
c. Total punishment of offender by incarceration
d. all of the above
64. Cesare Becaria, who advocate the classical theory. In classical Theory have a
criminological perspective. All the following except:
a. People have free will to choose.
b. Human are rational being.
c. Crime is the result of the exercise of free will.
d. Punishment can be effective in reducing the incident of crime.
65. White-collar crime is committed ordinary professional to maintain the livelihood,
while the Blue-collar crime is a committed by a person belonging to the upper socio
economic class In the course of his occupational activities.
a. Statement no. 1 false and Statement no. 2 is False
b. Statement no. 1 is true and Statement no. 2 is True
c. Statement no. 1 is False., Statement no. 2 is True
 d. Statement no. 1 is False., Statement no. 2 is false
66. It declares that human conduct to be considered as a criminal act, there must be
specific statue or law declaring such conduct as a crime and providing a penalty. No
matter how evil or reprehensible it may be, cannot be subject the actor to punishment
if there is no law punishing it.
a. Statement no. 1 True and Statement no. 2 is False
b. Statement no. 1 false and Statement no. 2 is true
c. Statement no. 1 True and Statement no. 2 is true
d. Statement no. 1 false and Statement no. 2 is False
67. Which one is the element of crime?
a. Desire, opportunity, motive
b. Instrument, desire, motive
c. Opportunity, instrument, desire
d. instrument, opportunity, motive
68. What are the most focuses when it comes criminology?
I. causes, prevention, and correction of crime
II. Reduction in crime
III. focuses on the sociological and psychological behavior of criminals
IV. study how to conduct crimes
a. I,II,III
b. II,III,IV
c. I,III,IV
d. I,II,III,IV
69. Mike likes to commit crime, while he was walking he saw someone selling gadgets
and he wanted to steal them but Mike saw there were policemen next to the gadget
shop. Mike thought that in order to steal gadgets there, he would have to wait for the
police to leave before he robbed that gadget shop. What theory do you think can be
applied to this scenario?
a. Psychoanalytical theory, because of what he thinks about it, because the process
of his socialize
b. Cognitive Theory, because Mike organize his thought to commit a crime
c. Sociological theory, because try to interpret crime through societal conditions.
d. Both A and B.
70. Alex is 18 years old who likes to fight and he is contrary to the dominant norm of
society. What behavior do you think Alex has?
a. Abnormal Behaviour, because there is something wrong to their behaviour and he
failure to meet the normal behaviour
b. Delinquent, Because Alex is a minor
c. Deviant Behaviour, Because Alex not conform the norm of society.
d. Criminal behavior, Because Alex commits an illegal activity.
71. If the interview have a rule while conducting interview “Keep your answers brief and
concise. Unless asked to give more detail, limit your answers to two to three minutes
per question.” How about conducting investigation?
a. Do not touch, change, move, or transfer any object at the crime scene unless it is
correctly recorded, measured, sketched, and/or photographed,
b. Do not touch, change, or transfer any object at the crime scene unless it is
correctly recorded, measured, sketched, and/or photographed.
c. Both A and B
 d. None of the above.
72. What is the role of Forensic ballistics to Criminology?
I. It is knowledge and principle are applied in determining the firearm used in
commission of the offense through the examination of the bullet found in the
crime scene
II. Identify the owner of the firearm found in the crime scene.
III. Offer an objective and accurate look at the crime scene, allowing
investigators to analyze it later for the purpose of identifying the victim,
possible suspects and even the motive.
IV. It is used extensively in investigation and prosecution of criminal case and it
s able as physical evidence
a. I,II,III,IV
b. I and II
c. I,II,and IV
d. III
73. Value of fingerprint to police works: it has been said that the fingerprints is the comer
stone of criminal investigation and identification because___________
a. Have two person have the same fingerprint
b. Fingerprint of person won’t lie
c. Fingerprint of two person have exactly the same fingerprint
d. No two person have the same fingerprint.
74. Which one is the principle use of polygraph?
a. Eliminate innocent suspect
b. Employment screening
c. To solve the case
d. All of the above
75. Criminal Justice System is machinery that the society uses un the prevention of
crime. According to CJS have three fold purpose of CJS. The following are the three
fold, except:
a. Remove dangerous people from the community
b. Gives society an opportunity to transform law breakers into law-bidding citizens
c. To avoid people to commit a crime.
d. Deter other from doing criminal behaviour.
76. If a doctor can save five people from death by killing one healthy person and using
that person's organs for life-saving transplants, In the of act utilitarianism if you are
the doctor what will you choose?
a. Kill five people and still alive the person’s that give the organ.
b. Implies that the doctor should kill the one person to save five.
c. Implies the doctor should kill the five and one person
d. It depends.
77. Cesare Beccaria who wrote an essay Crime and Punishment. What is written in this
essay?
a. It is condemned torture and death penalty
b. It promotes the death penalty and the torture to the criminals.
c. Reformed the criminal.
d. Both A and C
78. Garofalo suggested the following based on law of adoption, except:
a. Death for those whose criminal acts grew out of permanent anomaly, rendering
them incapable of social life.
b. Advance idea that human behaviour was determined.
c. Partial elimination or long time imprisonment for those unfit the life of nomadic
hordes or primitive tribes.
d. Enforced reparation on the part of those who are lack altruistic sentiments.
79. When Judy looks at her old neighbourhood, she notices that poverty and
unemployment are very high there, and so is crime. What theory can apply this
scenario?
a. Classical School, because a method of thinking or approach to criminology.
b. Neo- classical; school, because a school of thought that presents criminal
behavior as the result of individual circumstances and rational thought and places
crime outside of the framework of society.
c. Chicago school, because tried to identify aspects of crime that come from outside
of a person.
d. Positive school
80. Which one is the role of Forensic Psychology?
a. It is ability to testify a court as an expert witness.
b. Testify the mental state of defendant
c. Create suspect profile for law enforcement and diagnoses of offender.
d. Sub-specialty of psychiatry and is related to criminology.
81. Robert was jailed for murder, Robert and his lawyer attended a hearing in court
because Robert's case was murder, the Judge was accompanied by a Criminal
Psychologist. As a Criminology student what is the benefit or purpose of the Criminal
Psychology?
a. Due to Robert case is a murder it could be have something wrong to the mental
condition of Robert, As Criminal Psychology the purpose is to testify the mental
state of offender
b. Due to Robert case is a murder it could be have something wrong to the mental
condition of Robert, As Criminal Psychology the purpose is to study the thoughts,
intentional, and reaction of criminal and all the partakes in the criminal
behaviour.
c. Due to Robert case is a murder it could be have something wrong to the mental
condition of Robert, As Criminal Psychology the purpose is to reformulating
psychological findigs into legal language of the court room and providing
information
d. All of the above.
82. How does Psychiatry related to Criminology?
a. In order to compile information and develop hypotheses that explain how the
environment and other factors influence prospective criminality, psychiatric
criminologists deal with certain groups.
b. The psychiatry stance makes the assumption that in order to uncover unconscious
factors influencing human conduct, including criminal behaviour, one must delve
into the depths of human psyche.
c. To study the environment that may cause encourage to commit a crime.
d. All of the above.
e.
83. All but one is the classical point of the Revised Penal Code:
a. Subdue occasionally by strange or morbid phenomenon.
b. Mechanical and direct portion between crime and penalty.
c. Great multitude of penalty.
d. Essentially a social and natural phenomenon.
84. Philosophy of Punishment and Penology:
i. Reward or encourage people
ii. Imposed only after conviction in a criminal action
iii. Punishment was a collective responsibility.
a. I,II and III
b. II and III
c. I and III
d. All of the above.
85. In Question Document, This is not just dealing with determination of the genuineness
of hand writing but also the following:
I. Identification of printing instrument and photograph.
II. People commit crimes through special skills.
III. Detection of erasure, additions and alteration of document.
IV. Analysis of ink and paper must be familiar with all types of writings.
a. I,III, and IV
b. III and IV
c. II and III
d. I,III and IV
86. In Investigation, As crime prober, What is your first concern if you are the first to
arrive at the crime scene?
a. Call ambulance
b. Save life
c. Call SOCCO team
d. Call morgue
87. Confession is a direct acknowledge by the accused in a criminal case of the truth of
his guilt. Admission is the statement of facts by the accused in a criminal case which
does not involved the acknowledge of guilt.
a. Statement 1 and statement 2 are true.
b. Statement 1 and statement 2 are false
c. Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false
d. Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true
88. Ana and Marie had a misunderstanding, now ana complained to the barangay because
she wants to reach an agreement and settle things, what type of model?
a. Retributive model because of adjudication carried out by international courts.
b. Restorative model because they concerned with the idea contract.
c. Utilitarianism model because Actions are right if they promote happiness, and
wrong if they promote unhappiness.
d. Justice model.
89. Sabel was walking on her way home and then she passed by where she knew there
was a high crime there such as theft and sexual assault, she was robbed when she
passed by. What type of victim is Sabel?
a. Victim Provocation
b. Victim blame
 c. Victim resistance
d. Victim facilitation
90. Perfect proof is where there is no possibility of innocence, Imperfect poof is where
there is possibility of innocence remained.
a. Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false
b. Statement 1 and statement 2 are false
c. Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true
d. Statement 1 and statement 2 are true.
91. Following is the type of crime by Beccaria. Except:
a. Threaten the security of the state.
b. Injured citizen or their property.
c. Due to free will to choose.
d. Run contrary to the social order.
92. JP, a youthful corporate leader of a distinguished company, drives a car equipped
with an iPhone 5. She parked on the street in front of her apartment one evening after
arriving home late from work and dashes inside to change for an appointment. Maria
is so late that she leaves the car unlocked before entering. After she gets dressed,
cleans up, and returns to her car in fifteen minutes, someone opens the door and grabs
her iPhone 5.
It is clear from this situation that the victim did not commit the crime. But if JP
had secured the iPhone 5 or hadn't left the car unsecured, the crime might not have
occurred. If car locking deters theft to some extent, Maria contributes actively to her
own victimization. JP's involvement in the crime is represented by
a. Lifestyle theory
b. Personal victimization theory
c. Routine activities theory
d. Victim precipitation theory
93. Which of the following will not exempt the child from criminal liability?
a. A child is above 15 years but below 18 years who acted with discernment.
b. A child is above but below 21 years.
c. A child is 15 years and below who acted without discernment.
d. A child is above 15 years but below 18 years who acted without discernment.
94. EXCEPT ONE, are the basic lines in the scientific study in criminology.
a. An examination of the structure and application of criminal law.
b. Investigations into crime prevention and criminal rehabilitation
c. Analyzing the relationship between criminal behavior and crime
d. None of the above.
95. RA 6509 is also known:.
a. NAPOLCOM
b. Professional Ethical Standards
c. Criminology Licensure Examination
d. Anti-Plunder Act
96. Which one is the type of punishment in corrections?
a. Retribution, incapacitation, penalty, rehabilitation and reparation
b. Retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation and reparation.
c. Retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, and reprieve
d. All of the above.
97. What is the difference between behavior and human behaviour?
a. Human behaviour is learned through to interaction to other people and adopt the
values, attitudes and norms, while the behaviour is voluntary/involuntary impulse
and respond to the internal/external stimuli throughout their life
b. Human behaviour is voluntary/involuntary impulse and respond to the
internal/external stimuli throughout their life, while the behaviour is learned
through to interaction to other people and adopt the values, attitudes and norms.
c. Human Behaviour is actions usually measured by commonly accepted standards,
while the Behaviour is refers to the way humans act and interact
d. All of the above.
98. Information is knowledge of facts of gathered or acquire from person to document.
Which one Techniques of Gathering information?
a. Being diplomatic and friendly with other peace officers.
b. Learning to overlook ir regard chance memoranda.
c. By totally relying on memory.
d. All of the above.
99. Police Officer Allen asked Ana a simple and friendly question because she was one
of those who saw a crime near them and also she volunteer to answer their question
as well as Police officer Allen give consent to Ms. Ana
In the scenario above, what type or i's investigation was conducted by police
officer Allen on Ms. Ana?
a. Information
b. Interview
c. Interrogation
d. Instrument
100. According to Kretchmer, have a two type of physique that associated with
schizophrenia personality. What type of physique?
a. Mesomorph, and endomorph
b. Pyknic and asthenic
c. Athletic and asthenic
d. Ectomorph and endomorph
References:

Valdez, J. A. (2023). Introduction to Criminology.

Introduction to Criminology. (2022

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/philippine-college-of-criminology/

introduction-to-criminology/crim-1-introduction-to-criminology-modules-

and-notes/32013232

Introduction to Criminology. (2022). Access to this page has been

denied. https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/philippine-college-of-

criminology/introduction-to-criminology/crim-1-introduction-to-criminology-

modules-and-notes/32013232
 THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATION

EASY TYPE:

1. Any system of idea arranged in rational order that produce general principle which
increases our understanding and explanation.
a. Theories
b. Theory
c. Belief
d. Causation
2. This school refers to a group of belief ideas that support a specific theory and idea.
a. School of thought
b. Classical school
c. School of criminology
d. Positivist school
3. This theory refers to one of th earliest theory in criminology. It is criminal viewed as
sinner who was possessed by demons or demand by other worldly forces.
a. Demonological theory
b. Classical theory
c. Criminological theory
d. Positivist theory
4. Refers to policing, punishment, and crime prevention.
a. Law Enforcement
b. Police
c. Offenses
d. Response to environmental crimes
5. The theory is based on the ideas that human are able to think rationally and are
guided by the rules of the society in which they live .
a. Cognitive theory
b. Situational action theory
c. Crime prevention theory
d. Rational choice theory
6. Analysis of environment harm or the application of criminology thoughts to
environmental issue.
a. Green criminology
b. Contemporary theories
c. Functional action theory
d. Situational action theory
7. What type of victim who are careless, negligently, or foolishly makes the commission
of th crime easier?
a. Total responsibility
b. Victim precipitation
c. No victim responsibility
d. Victim facilitation
8. It is control policies are inextricably connected to cause of crime.
a. Crime prevention
b. Theory
c. Theories of crime causation
 d. Criminology
9. "People commit crimes under demonic or evil influences’
a. Demonology theory
b. Positivist theory
c. Classical theory
d. Neo-classical theory
10. Refers to an approach that emphasizes free will and rationality on the part of the
criminal actor.
a. Demonology theory
b. Positivist theory
c. Classical theory
d. Neo-classical theory
11. The theory is refers to a group of theories which point to the individual socialize
process as the cause for commission of crime.
a. Social learning theory
b. Strain theory
c. Neutralization theory
d. Social process theory
12. This theory give emphasize on the concept of culture and subculture that cause of
criminal behavior.
a. Culture theory
b. Culture Deviance theory
c. Social reaction theory
d. Social bond theory
13. Type of utilitarianism, refers belief that an action become morally right when it
produce the ‘Greatest good for the greatest number of people.’
a. Human utilitarian
b. Rule utilitarian
c. Act utilitarian
d. Both a and c
14. This theory suggest that policing methods that target minor crime create an
atmosphere of order,
a. Broken window theory
b. Defensible theory
c. Theories of punishment
d. Retributive theory
15. What theory are concentration of crime or victimization within certain area, places,
individuals and other target.
a. Routine activities theory
b. Situational crime theory
c. Crime pattern theory
d. Defensible theory
16. It is higher level of this hormone are associated with increased level of violence and
aggression.
a. Premenstrual syndrome
b. Premenstrual disorder
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Testosterone
17. This theory asserts that the way people behave is a product of the information they
gather externally and the way they interpret that information internally.
a. Cognitive theory
b. Rational choice theory
c. Conflict theory
d. Psychological theories
18. How many pairs of twins who were o the same sex?
a. 28
b. 29
c. 30
d. 31
19. In Chromosome, XX is for?
a. Female
b. Super male
c. Male
d. Macho man
20. the study of how to increase the frequency of desirable heritable traits in a human
population through reproductive arrangement.
a. Genes
b. Eugenics
c. Heredity
d. Biological

MODERATE TYPE:

21. Michael and Andrew were drinking while they were drinking Michael called Andrew
"Babaero" after a few days Andrew looked for many women. Based on the scenario,
what theory is applicable?
a. Social Learning Theory
b. Rational Choice Theory
c. Labeling Theory
d. Behavioral Theory
22. Pre-marital counseling was something Ashley and Tom were doing. During a session,
it was mentioned that Tom would find it hard to accept Ashley's love for him as he
never experienced his parents' love. If a youngster isn't loved from an early age, they
could grow up feeling unlovable. , what theory is applicable?
a. Psychoanalytic Theory
b. Behavioral Theory
c. Psychodynamic Theory
d. Psychological Theory
23. After Pedro was convicted of robbing an elderly woman of her phone and money,
they were placed in close quarters with other criminals. More serious crimes, like
drug and sexual offenses, might have been perpetrated by these criminals. Based on
the scenario, what theory is applicable?
a. Social Learning Theory
b. Learning Theory
c. Psychological Theory
d. Differential Association Theory
24. Erna was playing on the playground and there was a child who wanted to play with
her. While they were playing, her friend suddenly hurt a child, because she observed
this, she also hurt another child. . Based on the scenario, what theory is applicable?
a. Cognitive Theory
b. Social Learning Theory
c. Differential Association Theory
d. Conflict Theory
25. Jane was with her friends wandering around while they were eating at a fast food
chain, they were laughing. a few hours Jane's mood suddenly changed. Based on the
scenario, Jane was?
a. Metal ill
b. Behavior disorder
c. Bipolar Disorder
d. Schizophrenia
26. In the Barangay Pinagpala, there is a dark street that the Barangay officials do not pay
attention to, so there are more crimes or accidents on that street. . Based on the
scenario, what theory is applicable?
a. Broken Window Theory
b. Cognitive Theory
c. Conflict Theory
d. Defensible Theory
27. Anton intended to steal the car parked in a mall but there were three security guards
hanging around there, so Anton decided not to steal the parked car and waited for the
three security guards to leave first. Based on the scenario, what theory is applicable?
a. Cognitive Theory
b. Rational Choice Theory
c. Conflict Theory
d. Routine Activities Theory
28. Ron Ron works in a company; he is good and works hard. When the day of the salary
came, he noticed that the salary he received was insufficient, he talked to his boss
about why that was and he received his salary after his boss did not fight him because
he was still demanding. Based on the scenario, what theory is applicable?
a. Retributive Theory
b. Cognitive Theory
c. Conflict Theory
d. Behavioral Theory
29. Makmak likes to commit crime but he knows someone named Mikmik who prevents
Makmak from committing crime. Based on the scenario, what theory is applicable?
a. Social Process Theory
b. Social Learning Theory
c. Rational Choice Theory
d. Social Control Theory
30. Rico has a plan to rob the woman who was on the bus with him because he wants to
rob her and he knows that she seems to be rich so he followed her where she was
going and where her house was. When night came, Rico went to the house and
robbed it. Based on the scenario, what theory is applicable?
a. Routine Activities Theory
b. Crime Pattern Theory
 c. Life Course Theory
d. Social Control Theory
31. A child that is improperly socialized could develop disturbance that cause to direct
anti-social impulse either inward or outward.
a. Psychodynamic Theory
b. Life Course Theory
c. Psychological Theory
d. Behavioral Theory
32. Micko is a normlessness where he does not follow the norms and also he breaks the
law which results in him committing a crime. Based on the scenario, what theory is
applicable?
a. Anomie Theory
b. Social Disorganization Theory
c. Strain Theory
d. Culture Deviance Theory
33. Pol has troops that are infantrymen and close to fighting because that's what his
troops are, Pol has also learned to be an infantryman and is always fighting. . Based
on the scenario, what theory is applicable?
a. Anomie Theory
b. Social Association Theory
c. Strain Theory
d. Culture Deviance Theory
34. Nana wanted to finish school and she was hardworking and smart, but Nana's parents
told her to stop studying because of the lack of financial support. Because of being
stopped from studying, Nana was frustrated and chose to steal. Based on the scenario,
with nana being frustrated. What theory is applicable to her?
a. Culture Deviance Theory
b. Anomie Theory
c. Social Association Theory
d. Strain Theory
35. Gigi have a muscle, bone and connective tissue, normally heavy, hard and firm and
who are routinely active and aggressive and he most like to commit a crime. What
type of body physiques by Sheldon?
a. Endomorph
b. Ectomorph
c. Mesomorph
d. Asthenic
36. In Rational Choice Theory, which one before deciding to commit a crime the
reasoning criminal evaluates the risk?
a. Seriousness of expected punishment.
b. His/her inability to succeed.
c. No need of criminal gain.
d. Not potential value of the criminal enterprise.
37. In Routine Activities Theory, what is the essential aspect is the interaction?
a. Desire, suitable, and target
b. Motivated, gain, and target
c. Motivation, opportunity, and target
d. Opportunity, instrument, and motive
38. Myrna was arrogant while she was walking, she saw a man walking and then
suddenly he pissed him off and insulted him, after that the man punched Myrna. In
this scenario what kind of victim precipitation is Myrna?
a. Victim Proneness
b. Victim Provocation
c. Victim Contribution
d. Victim Precipitation
39. In Differential Association Theory, Aggressive acts are modeled after three primary
sources:
a. Family interaction
b. Environmental experience
c. Mass media
d. All of the above
40. Which of these best describes the superego?
a. Information about things that are viewed as bad by parents and society.
b. Provides guidelines for making judgments.
c. Holds the internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from our
parents and society.
d. All of the above.
41. A man realizes that the cashier at the store forgot to charge him for one of the items
he had in his cart. He returns to the store to pay for the item because his internalized
sense of right and wrong urge him to do so.
a. Superego
b. Id
c. Ego
d. Conscience
42. How to illustrate the information- Processing branch when individual make decision?
a. Relying on a faulty cognitive process.
b. An event an encode or store the relevant information so it can be retrieved and
interpreted at a later date.
c. Likely to avoid delinquent or criminal behavior.
d. To make judgment when face with emotional events are more likely to avoid
anti-social behavior decision.
43. Means that the criminal does not simply engage in random act of anti-social behavior.
a. Offense- specific
b. Criminal- specific
c. Law- specific
d. Offender- specific
44. Insane criminal, those are become criminal due to changes in the brain. Choose one
example that can apply to the insane criminal.
a. Pedro uses drugs; because of the effect of drugs on him he killed people.
b. Pedro killed someone because he couldn't control himself.
c. When Pedro was just a child he was already committing crimes so now that he is
older he is still committing crimes.
d. Pedro likes to commit crime so he commits crime every day.
45. This family produce generation of criminal they must have been transmitting
degenerate traits down the line.
a. Dugdale Family
b. Jukes Family
c. Kalikak Family
d. ADA Family
46. Richard Dugdale discover Juke Family, in this family have many negative behavior
that encounter so how many in their family that commits a crime and breaking the
laws?
a. There were 279 paupers 59 thieves, 6 murder, 39 other criminals, 40 person with
venereal disease, and 53 prostitutes
b. There were 264 paupers, 50 thieves, 7 murder, 33 other criminals, 40 person with
venereal disease, and 60 prostitutes
c. There were 290 paupers, 66 thieves, 8 murder, 35 other criminals, 65 person with
venereal disease, and 50 prostitutes
d. There were 280 paupers, 60 thieves, 7 murder, 40 other criminals, 40 person with
venereal disease, and 50 prostitutes
47. Edrick started to have sexual feelings towards their mother. What psychosexual
stages of human development?
a. Electra complex
b. Oedipus complex
c. Ilectra complex
d. Oidepus complex
48. An infant who does not receive enough oral gratification during the first year life as
an adult engage in such oral behavior as smoking drinking, o drug abuse.
a. Latency
b. Oral stage
c. Phallic stage
d. Fixated person
49. Merlin have feeling anxious, fearful anticipation or apprehension and also have poor
concentration. What type of mental disorder that Merlin’s experience?
a. Depression
b. Impulse disorder
c. Obsessive
d. Anxiety
50. Emile Durkheim, publish a book title “Division of social labor” in this book what is
written or contained in that book?
a. Crime is a part of human nature because it has existed during period of both
poverty and prosperity.
b. It is the concepts of anomie, the breakdown of social order that result of
committing a crime.
c. Crime is an abnormal part of society as a birth and death.
d. None of the above.
HARD TYPE:

51. Cesare Becarria wrote an essay title “On Crimes and Punishment”. In this essay what
is the contain of this essay?
a. Criminal law must be clear and certain, Judges must make uniform judgement of
accused offender prior to his trial.
b. Can only to be gain the criminals for committing new crime against his
countrymen.
c. To be teach people how to commit crime
d. Both A and B
52. What School of criminology that they don’t believe in free will to commit a crime?
a. Classical School
b. Neo- Classical School
c. Positivist School
d. Demonological School
53. Why unholy criminology was called to Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri and Rafaelo
Garofalo?
a. They are Philosopher that advocate the criminology
b. Because of their contribution in the propagation of positivist idea.
c. Because they are the first criminologist.
d. All of the above
54. Classical School is allowed the death penalty. Positivist School is abolition of death
penalty
a. The statement no 1 is true, the statement no 2 is false.
b. The statement no 1 is false, the statement no 2 is true.
c. The statement no 1 and statement no 2 is false.
d. The statement no 1 and statement no 2 is true.
55. In body physiques by Ernest Kretchmer. What are two that most associate to the
Schizophrenia?
a. Pyknic and mesomorph
b. Endomorph and ectomorph
c. Asthenic and Athletic
d. Mixed type
56. Psychoses is a lose contact with reality and have difficult distinguishing reality and
fantasy. So choose a scenario that can applicable to that describe to psychoses.
a. Susan believe that someone is making plan to kill her through based on her false
belief.
b. Susan have a false perception that she is kill of anyone else.
c. Susan have a false belief that she was greater that everybody else.
d. None of the above.
57. Joyce will have chocolate when she passed her exam, because of that Joyce study
hard to get her reward. What theory that can apply to this scenario.
a. Operational Conditioning Theory
b. Operant Theory
c. Behavioral Theory
d. Psychological Theory
58. Patrick’s parents are criminals where they always co-commit crime, because Patrick
is their son Patrick was adopted by him to commit crime. What theory applicable to
this scenario?
a. Social Learning Theory
b. Differential Association Theory
c. Culture Deviance Theory
d. Adoption studies
59. Social Learning Theory is a process of behavioral modeled and observe other, So
choose one a example that describe to this theory.
a. JM commit a crime due to interaction to other people.
b. JM commit a crime due to observe to other people that also commit a crime
c. JM commit a crime due to break the norms and law to community.
d. All of the above.
60. In Rational Choice Theory, What are the requires element to be present for a crime
occur?
I. Opportunity of an offender.
II. Motivated offender.
III. Absence of a capable guardian.
IV. Suitable victim
a. I,II,III and IV
b. II, III, IV
c. III and IV
d. IV only
61. Murders those who are satisfied from vengeance. Violent criminals those who
commit crimes against chastity.
a. Both statement no 1 and statement no 2 are true.
b. statement no 1 False and statement no 2 are true.
c. statement no 1 true and statement no 2 are false.
d. statement no 1 true and statement no 2 are false.
62. Which of the following is the basic idea of the Positivist Theory? Except;
a. Criminals are born not made.
b. This is an example of nature, not nurture.
c. Focused on biological and psychological factors to explain criminal behavior.
d. None of the above
63. This principle explains that people’s contacts with their most intimate social
companions–family, friends, and peers–have the greatest influence on their deviant
behavior and attitude development.
a. Criminal behavior is learned.
b. Learning is a by-product of interaction.
c. Learning occurs within intimate groups.
d. Criminal techniques are learned
64. According to the differential association theory, individuals are more likely to engage
in criminal behavior if:
a. They experience economic hardship
b. They have associations with criminal individuals.
c. They have a strong attachment to society
d. They lack opportunities to engage in criminal activities
65. The Psychological Theory of crime causation suggests that criminal behavior is
caused by:
a. Genetic predisposition
b. Poverty and inequality
c. Inadequate socialization
d. Mental disorders and personality traits
66. The Routine Activity Theory proposes that crime occurs when:
a. Individuals are exposed to violent media influences.
b. There is a lack of access to basic resources.
c. There is a convergence of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the absence
of capable guardians.
d. Individuals lack opportunities for legitimate success.
67. According to the Trait Theory of crime causation, individuals engage in criminal
behavior due to:
a. Poor parental supervision
b. Societal labeling and stigmatization
c. Peer influences
d. Innate personality characteristics and traits
68. What were the earlier biological theories regarding the brain’s organization and
function?
a. Earlier biological theories considered the brain to be an organ with various areas
of specialized function.
b. Recognize that the brain is not complex associated with specific function.
c. All areas of the brain work together, and a problem or event in tow area
inevitably affects other areas.
d. All of the above
69. In information-processing branch, there are some vital finding regarding process,
there are:
I. Individual who use information properly are likely to avoid delinquent or
criminal behavior.
II. It is individual faulty reasoning is oversensitivity or rejection.
III. Those who are conditioned to make reasoned judgment when face with emotional
events are more likely to avoid anti-social behavior decision.
a. I and II
b. II and II
c. I and III
d. I, II, III and IV
70. Which theory emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind in crime causation?
a. Psychodynamic theory
b. Both psychodynamic and psychoanalytical theories
c. Neither psychodynamic nor psychoanalytical theories
d. Psychoanalytical theory
71. Which of the following is an example of a CPTED strategy?
a. Installing surveillance cameras
b. Implementing neighborhood watch programs
c. All options are examples of CPTED strategies
d. Increasing police patrol presence
72. What are the Principles of CPTED?
I. Physical Security
II. Management and Maintenance
III. Control
IV. Defensible space
a. I, II and IV
b. II, III and IV
c. I, II and IV
d. I, II, III and IV
73. Why was phrenology criticized by many scientists?
a. Over-reliance on subjective interpretations.
b. Ethical concerns regarding invasive procedures.
c. Lack of empirical evidence to support its claims.
d. Inability to accurately measure skull bumps.
74. Which of the following is NOT true about criminaloids?
a. They may exhibit patterns of criminal behavior from a young age.
b. Criminaloids are always wanted by law enforcement agencies.
c. They are often involved in organized crime due to their extensive networks.
d. They have a higher likelihood of engaging in criminal activities.
75. According to the Broken Window theory, this is a long positive relationship with
communities thus, linking it to community policing system.
Barangay Pag-asa is a large barangay where there are many streets without street
lights, and there are also many houses that have been abandoned because of this,
accidents and especially crime can come from here. If you live in barangay Pag-asa,
what would you do?
a. You will tear down abandoned houses and you will not pass through the street
where there are no street lights.
b. You will tell the concern to the Barangay officials so that action can be taken and
possible crime can be prevented.
c. Because of many abandoned houses and streets without street lights, it will be
your opportunity to commit a crime.
d. Both A and B
76. Mikmik is unemployed and in a poor family. He does not know where he will get his
daily expenses. She cannot work because she did not finish school and does not know
how to read. Because of his condition, he chose him better. Commit crimes for his
family.
Mikmik’s situation, what theories are applicable to him?
a. Strain Theory, Because his frustration of her life.
b. Social Disorganization Theory, because she has ecological factor that lead high
rates in community due to lack of education and poverty
c. Social Structure Theory, because Mikmik emphasize her to poverty and
unemployment..
d. All of the Above.
77. Carl is a Brave and fiery, because he is brave he underestimates all women are said to
be weak. What theory that applicable to this example?
a. Power Control Theory, because Carl control all women and he insulted them.
b. Feminist Theory, Because Carl insulted All women, and Carl treated women
severely than men for committing Crime.
 c. Racist Theory, Due to discrimination to women .
d. All of the above
78. In the context of the latent trait theory, what does “latent” refer to?
a. Observable behaviors
b. Unconscious motivations
c. Underlying abilities or attributes
d. Inborn traits
79. What factor does life course theory emphasize in relation to the development of
criminal behavior?
a. None of the above
b. Peer pressure
c. All of the above
d. Parental influence
80. Andrea worked at the bank, while she was on the trip she was counting her money
then a man saw her counting money so he followed Andrea to steal money. What
theory is applicable to Andrea?
a. Functional Responsibilities Theory, because Andrea contribute a crime by their
negligence.
b. Victim Precipitation Theory, because Andrea he danger herself because of
herself.
c. Victim Provocation Theory, because Andrea is the primary cause of his or her
victimization.
d. All of the above.
81. An explanation for flawed reasoning is:
I. Relying on a faulty cognitive process.
II. He or she may be following a mental script was learned in childhood
III. Make reasoned judgments.
IV. Over sensitive or rejection by relatives.
a. II, III and IV
b. I, II and IV
c. I, II,III and IV
d. IV only
82. Bipolar is the person alternates between excited, assertive and loud behavior.
Schizophrenia mental illness in which one's thoughts and feelings are so distorted that
one loses touch with reality outside of oneself.
a. Statement no 1 is False, Statement no 2 is true
b. Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
c. Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
d. Statement no 1 is true and Statement no 2 is false
83. Which of the following is NOT a limitation of direct control in explaining crime
causation?
a. Assumes that opportunities for criminal activities are evenly distributed.
b. Neglects the impact of social and economic factors on crime.
c. Ignores the influence of biology and genetics.
d. Fails to account for the role of labeling and social stigma.
84. How does direct control function in Social Control Theory?
a. Direct control operates by employing punishment to discourage undesirable
behavior and rewards to encourage desired behavior, aiming to maintain social
order and conformity within a given social context.
b. Distant factors keep control over the behavior of the individual. Such a type of
control is exercised by secondary groups through customs; traditions, rationalized
behavior etc. and public opinion are important forms of indirect social control.
c. An individual’s own sense of right and wrong, decrease the likelihood that one
will deviate from social norms. Through external means of control, individuals
conform because an authority figure threatens sanctions if the individual
disobeys.
85. In critical theories, Crimes are either committed by the;
I. Ruling class to keep the working class in a place
II. Working class to strike out against the ruling class.
III. Groups with the most power doesn’t make the law and control society.
a. I, II, and III
b. I and II
c. I only
d. III only
86. Deviance behavior is contrary the social norms and value, while the anti social
behavior us that result an aggressive, harm to other from class conflict and social
inequality.
a. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
b. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
c. Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
d. Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
87. What focuses the situational Action Theory? And it can be related to crime?
a. Theory is base on the ideas that human are able to think rationally and are guided
by the rules of the society in which they live.
b. Theory is Interplay between the thinking of the rules of society and the perception
of an individual’s moral guidelines
c. That victim often not contributed to crime by their negligence, or provocation.
d. All of the above.
88. What are the principle of Neoclassical School?
I. Minor are exempted from criminal liabilities
II. Mitigating and Justifying should be recognize in the imposition of penalties.
III. Judges should be render sentence with a minimum and maximum.
IV. Mentally deficient in the commission of crime is not exempted for criminal
responsibility.
a. IV only
b. I, II, and IV
c. I, II and III
d. III only
89. Rule Utilitarianism is moral correctness of an action depends on the correctness of the
rules that allow it to achieve the greatest good, so How about Act Utilitarianism?
a. Action are right to conform to a rule that leads to the greatest good
b. Looks to the consequences of individual action for everyone, all society rather
than just the group of people.
 c. Belief that action become morally right when it produce the greatest goof for the
greatest number of people.
d. Right in so far as they produce happiness and wrong if produce unhappiness.
90. Physiognomy is a measure of a head and brain of criminals, while the phrenology is a
measure of a body that also base if someone a commit a crime.
a. Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is True
b. Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
c. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
d. Statement no 1 a false Statement no 2 is true
91. Demonology Theory, means?
a. All genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive meaning a
posteriori facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience.
b. A proposition giving metaphysically necessary and jointly sufficient conditions
for being in the extension across possible worlds for that concept.
c. emphasizes individual or group behaviour and human relations in determining
productivity
d. People believed that evil spirits or demons entered the human soul and made
people commit sins.
92. Social process theories are primarily focused on analyzing:
a. Individual behaviour
b. Group dynamics
c. Social institutions
d. Cultural norms
93. According to social process theories, the behavior of individuals is shaped by:
a. Their genetic makeup
b. Their social interactions
c. Their personal beliefs
d. Their cultural background
94. Despite these criticisms, social process theories remain influential because:
a. They provide a comprehensive framework for understanding social behaviour.
b. They are supported by a large body of empirical research.
c. They are easy to understand and apply.
d. All of the above
95. Social process theories have been used to inform a wide range of social policies,
including:
a. They provide a comprehensive framework for understanding social behavior
b. They are supported by a large body of empirical research
c. They are easy to understand and apply
d. All of the above
96. A key concept in social process theories is:
a. Socialization
b. Social stratification
c. Social control
97. Social change Social process theories view society as a:
a. Static entity
b. Dynamic system
 c. Random collection of individuals
d. Product of individual choices
98. Social process theories have been criticized for:
a. Being too deterministic.
b. Ignoring the role of individual agency.
c. Being too focused on macro-level analysis.
d. All of the above
99. Social process theories emphasize the importance of:
a. Individual agency
b. Social structure
c. Cultural values
d. Economic factors
100. Which theory of crime causation emphasizes the role of social and economic
inequality in causing crime?
a. Conflict theory
b. Labeling theory
c. Routine activities theory
d. Social control theory

References:

Valdez, J. (2023). Theories of Crime Causation.

Alcantara, A. (2021). Theories of Crime Causation.

Gerona, J. V. (2022). CRIM 102 Handouts - Theories of Crime Causation

notes, [Scribd]. https://www.scribd.com/presentation/515866281/CRIM-102
 JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM

EASY TYPE:

1. Refer to a children who exhibit a persistent behavior of mischievousness or

disobedience.
a. Delinquency
b. Juvenile Delinquency
c. Juvenile
d. Delinquent
2. Refers to behavior that odes not conform norms.
a. Deviant Behavior
b. Delinquent
c. Deviant
d. Juvenile Delinquency
3. Refers to rejected or abandoned no parents to inmate and become aggressive.
a. Socialize Delinquency
b. Unsocialized aggressive
c. Over inhibited
d. Abandoned child
4. Maintain that human action are developed through earning experience.
a. Personality
b. Human behavior
c. Attitude
d. Behavior
5. Delinquent views was the act as not being wrong, that the victim deserves the injury,
or that there is no real victim.
a. Denial of Injury
b. Condemnation of condemners
c. Denial of victim
d. Denial of responsibility
6. It is the traditional patriarchal father, the masculine, aggressive , overbearing father
who want to raise his daughter as girls and his boy is a boy
a. Deadbeat Dad
b. The Old father
c. The visiting father
d. The New father
7. He send in his child support, payment and exercise certain limited.
a. Deadbeat Dad
b. The Old father
c. The visiting father
d. The New father
8. Portrays the father as nurturing individual and a deeply involved parent.
a. Deadbeat Dad
b. The Old father
c. The visiting father
d. The New father
9. Also known as a bad guy.
a. Deadbeat Dad
b. The Old father
c. The visiting father
 d. The New father
10. It is one who is without a parent, guardian, or custodian: or one whose parents,
guardian or other custodian for good cause desire to be relieved of his care
a. Neglected child
b. Abandoned child
c. Dependent child
d. Unsocialized child
11. It is a child who repeated neglect and/or parental incompetence to discharge.
a. Involuntary commitment
b. Voluntary commitment
c. Custodial group
d. None of the above
12. Refers to a child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having committing an
offense under Philippine law.
a. Best interest of the child
b. Child at risk
c. Child in Conflict with the law
d. Delinquent
13. Refers to a program that the child in Conflict with the law is requires to undergo after
he/she is fund responsible for an offense without restoring to formal proceedings
a. Intervention
b. Community -based Program
c. Diversion Program
d. Diversion
14. It is two couple f the same religion will get married.
a. Marital Conversion
b. Interfaith Marriage
c. Religious Marriage
d. Common-Law Marriage
15. Wedding take place because the bride and groom are unexpectedly having a baby.
a. Secret Marriage
b. Arranged Marriage
c. Convenience Marriage
d. Shot gun Marriage
16. Also called morganatic marriage is a union between two people of unequal social
ranking.
a. Common- Law Marriage
b. Shot gun Marriage
c. Left-Handed Marriage
d. Interfaith Marriage
17. It refers to plurality of wives or having more than one wife at the same time.
a. Polygyny
b. Polygamy
c. Poliginy
d. Polyandry
18. It is one man is married to one woman at a time.
a. Monogamy
b. Polygamy
c. Monogany
d. Group Marriage
19. When two people of the same gender get marriage
a. Sex same marriage
b. Shot gun Marriage
c. Left-hand Marriage
d. Civil Marriage
20. Is so located that there is no means of transportation to enable such party to appear
personally before the local civil registrar.
a. Marriage in Articulo Mortis
b. Marriage between pagans or Muslim
c. Marriage in remote paces
d. Ordinary Marriages
MODERATE TYPE:

21. What is the term for the legal process through which a juvenile is found to be
responsible for a delinquent act?
a. Conviction
b. Acquittal
c. Adjudication
d. Probation
22. Miguel is an abandoned child because he doesn’t have a family, he does illegal
activities like stealing. Miguel is?
a. Socialize Delinquency
b. Unsocialized Delinquency
c. Over- inhibited
d. Deviance
23. Pedro was walking while he was walking he saw groceries stores he wanted to rob
them of food because he was very hungry but there were barangay officers hanging
around there, so he waited for them to leave before he robbed them.
a. Rational Choice Theory
b. Labeling Theory
c. Classical Theory
d. Routine Activities Theory
24. Juan saw a woman walking while the man was walking and he followed her to rob
when they were on the street where there were not many people and that’s when he
robbed the woman’s bag.
a. Rational Choice Theory
b. Labeling Theory
c. Classical Theory
d. Routine Activities Theory
25. While Nestor was driving, he was on the phone and not looking at the road and
someone crossed the pedestrian lane, Nestor didn’t see it so he crashed into it, but
Nestor denied that it wasn’t his fault and all of a sudden the woman was crossing.
a. Denial of Injury
b. Denial of Victim
c. Denial of Responsibility
d. Appeal to higher loyalties
26. Joseph was arrogant on their way, Joseph met some men on the way and he looked up
to him and challenged him to a fight when he agreed to fight with him, he was
punched in the face and stomach and he could not breathe and blamed Joseph was the
one who punched him.
a. Denial of victim
b. Condemnation of condemners
c. Appeal to higher authorities
d. Denial of Injury
27. Ramon is a masculine father so what he wants to be a child is that when it’s a girl, the
color should be pink and when it’s a boy, it should be blue. What kind of father is
Ramon?
a. Good Father
b. Deadbeat Father
c. Old Father
d. Good family Man
28. Usting is a father but he does not support his children in school expenses. What kind
of father Usting is?
a. Good Father
b. Deadbeat Father
c. Old Father
d. Good family Man
29. Rommel and Mendy are married and have two children who are 18 years old and 10
years old, but their youngest son wanted to say goodbye to his parents who wanted
him to go swimming with his classmates but they did not allow it. What kind of
parents Rommel and Mendy is?
a. Authoritative Parents
b. Parental Attachment
c. Indulgent Parents
d. Authoritarian Parents
30. Melvin was separated from his wife and his children but he did not stop to support his
children in everything. What kind of father Melvin is?
a. New Father
b. Old Father
c. Visiting Father
d. Good Family Man
31. Angelica and Nelson are a couple, but Angela’s religion is different, so when they got
married, Nelson converted to Angelica’s religion.
a. Marital Conversion
b. Interfaith Marriage
c. Civil Marriage
d. Common-Law Marriage
32. Ella and Alder have been together for several years and they live in the same house
but they are not yet married.
a. Left handed Marriage
b. Common-Law Marriage
c. Secret Marriage
d. Shot gun Marriage
33. Darren is married to one women at a time.
a. Monogamy
b. Polygyny
c. Polyandry
 d. Poliginy
34. Wilma is being forced to marry Mark because Mark’s family is rich, Wilma is going
to marry even though she doesn’t want it and she doesn’t like Mark at all.
a. Convenience Marriage
b. Force Marriage
c. Arrange Marriage
d. Shot gun Marriage
35. Ana and Carl suddenly had a baby, so they planned to get married for the baby.
a. Convenience Marriage
b. Force Marriage
c. Arrange Marriage
d. Shot gun Marriage
36. Which factor has been linked to a decreased likelihood of juvenile delinquency?
a. Exposure to violence
b. Lack of parental supervision
c. Positive peer influences
d. Substance abuse
37. What is the term for the process of diverting juveniles away from the formal court
system and into community-based programs?
a. Rehabilitation
b. Diversion
c. Incarceration
d. Parole
38. Which approach focuses on addressing the underlying causes of juvenile delinquency,
such as poverty and inequality?
a. Punitive approach
b. Restorative justice approach
c. Prevention approach
d. Rehabilitation approach
39. What is the possibility when the child are neglected from parents and he/she
abandoned of her parents?
a. It is possibility to his/her be independent and he can manage his/herself.
b. It is possibility to become aggressive as well as doing an illegal activities.
c. It is possibility he/she live on the street.
d. All of the above
40. Which type of delinquency involves behaviors such as truancy and running away
from home?
a. Property delinquency
b. Status delinquency
c. Violent delinquency
d. Drug-related delinquency
41. If a couple is already married, what is the possible consequence if they are already
married?
a. A husband and wife can chastise or reprimand other.
b. A wife should use her surname.
c. They should know the responsibility as a wife and husband.
d. All of the above
42. If the girl is 18 years old and the boy is 22 years old and they want to get married,
what should they do first?
a. They need parents advise
b. They need church advise
 c. They need parent consent
d. Man should wait women until 22 years old.
43. What if the couple is same 25 year’s, what should be do first?
a. They need parents advise
b. They need church advise
c. They need parent consent
d. All of the above
44. When is the marriage license valid?
a. Period lf 190 days from date of issue.
b. Period lf 300 days from date of issue.
c. Period lf 120 days from date of issue
d. Period lf 200 days from date of issue
45. What is the most common form of juvenile delinquency?
a. Drug abuse
b. Shoplifting
c. Vandalism
d. Assault
46. If the child fails to accomplish that which is require by law, child called as?
a. Delinquency
b. Deviance
c. Behavior
d. Delinquency
47. In strain Theory, Why people commit a crime?
a. Because of poverty
b. Because of Frustration
c. Because of failure
d. All of the above
48. Maria and Mario are separated but they still live in the same house with their child.
a. Single Parents
b. Broken Home.
c. Broken Family
d. Quality of home
49. Can school influence the child to be delinquent ?
a. No, because in the school was priority is to learned.
b. Yes, because of his/her socialize to the other child that possibility cause of
delinquent.
c. No, because in the school they strictly follow the rule and regulation of the school
d. Yes, because there some child experiencing bullying, no attended a classes due to
low self esteem child become delinquent.
50. In Mapagpala Elementary School, there are different groups of students, there is a
group of smart students and a group of not so smart students.
a. Alienation
b. Tracing
c. Tracking
d. Groups of students
HARD TYPE:

51. What is the most significant risk factor for juvenile delinquency?
a. Low socioeconomic status
b. High academic achievement
c. Strong family support
d. Participation in extracurricular activities
52. What is the age range for individuals considered to be juveniles in the context of
delinquency?
a. 16-25 years old
b. 13-21 years old
c. 10-18 years old
d. 18-30 years old
53. Which theory suggests that delinquent behavior is learned through interactions with
others?
a. Social control theory
b. Strain theory
c. Differential association theory
d. Labeling theory
54. According to strain theory in juvenile delinquency, which of the following concepts
suggests that individuals may turn to delinquency when they experience a
disconnection between societal goals and the means available to achieve them?
a. Labeling theory
b. Social control
c. Cultural deviance
d. Anomie
55. Which factor is often considered a protective factor against juvenile delinquency?
a. Peer pressure
b. Substance abuse
c. Strong family bonds
d. Low socioeconomic status
56. What is the purpose of a juvenile intake assessment?
a. Determine guilt or innocence
b. Decide on the appropriate punishment
c. Assess the juvenile’s needs and risks
d. Provide legal representation
57. Which theory suggests that delinquency results from a lack of bonding to
conventional social institutions?
a. Social learning theory
b. Strain theory
c. Control theory
d. Routine activity theory
58. In school and delinquent, We have seen the some school are most likely to produce
delinquency than other, Which one is characterized?
a. Larger intake of highest ability pupils, which allow anti-social culture to flourish.
b. Reluctance to allow pupil’s to take part in decision making and discipline.
c. High expectations as to educational and behavioral outcomes.
d. More fuss about rules and higher level of punishment.
59. Tracking is dividing students into groups according to their ability and achieving
levels, while the alienation is the feeling of child of separation and distance from
mainstream society.
a. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
b. Statement no 1 is false Statement no 2 is true
c. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
d. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
60. What is the step by step of formal requisite of marriage?
I. Authority of the solemnizing officer.
II. A marriage ceremony which takes place with the appearance of the contracting
parties before the solemnizing officer and personal declaration that they take each
other as husband and wife
III. A valid marriage license in the cases provided for in Chapter 2 of E.O 209.
a. I, II, and III
b. III, I, and II
c. I, III, and II
d. II, I, and III
61. In procedures of marriage, if the couple in a marriage of Articulo mortis may also
solemnize not only in ship is seat or the plane in flight. Who can solemnize them?
a. Any person in ship or airplane
b. Priest, if they have a companion on the ship or airplane.
c. Any chief captain or airplane chief
d. None of the above, no, only a priest can do it.
62. Following are the principle of marriage, except:
a. One man and one woman which is ideal marriage
b. Reciprocal blessing
c. Education children
d. A counsel general
63. Which one is must be void in marriage beginners?
a. Not legally authorize to perform marriages unless such marriage were contracted.
b. Those Monogamy marriage
c. Any one can solemnize of marriage
d. All of the above
64. What is the difference between marriage license and marriage contract?
a. Marriage license is formalize the relationship while the marriage contract is
document authorizing the couple to marry.
b. Marriage license is a document that before the couple married should be process
while the marriage contract is after the couple marriage should process .
c. Marriage license is document authorizing the couple to marry while the marriage
contract is formalize the relationship.
d. There’s no difference between the two.
65. In the context of juvenile delinquency, why might issues of paternity and filiation be
relevant?
a. They are irrelevant to juvenile behavior.
b. Lack of paternal involvement can be a risk factor.
c. Paternity testing is a deterrent for delinquency.
d. Filiation only impacts adult legal matters.
66. How can establishing paternity be beneficial in the prevention of juvenile
delinquency?
a. It has no impact on juvenile behavior.
b. It increases the chances of juvenile incarceration.
 c. It restricts parental involvement.
d. It provides a legal framework for child support and financial stability.
67. Paternity is civil status or relationship of the child and father, while the filiation is
civil status relationship of father to child.
a. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
b. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
c. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
d. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 true
68. Legitimacy of a child may be impugned on the following ground, except:
a. The fact that the husband and wife were living separately the sexual intercourse is
impossible.
b. Seriousness illness of the husband, which absolutely prevented intercourse or
under influence.
c. The mental capacity of the husband to have sexual intercourse.
d. None lf the above
69. Why the divorce was not allowed to the Philippines?
a. In the Philippines, the family is very important.
b. Because it is not solution to give up if there something wrong to the family.
c. Because in Roman Catholic is not allowed.
d. Because in Roman Catholic believes that the family is a foundation in life and
because they are married they must uphold being one.
70. What is the significance of establishing filiation in the juvenile justice system?
a. It determines the juvenile’s IQ level.
b. It impacts the type of legal representation the juvenile receives.
c. It establishes the legal relationship between parent and child.
d. It influences the juvenile’s educational background.
71. How does effective communication within the family relate to preventing juvenile
delinquency?
a. It has no impact on juvenile behavior.
b. Open communication fosters understanding and reduces conflict.
c. Strict communication limits deter delinquency.
d. Parental authority diminishes with effective communication.
72. How might a lack of parental involvement contribute to juvenile delinquency?
a. It has no impact on juvenile behavior.
b. It fosters a sense of responsibility in juveniles.
c. It may lead to a lack of moral and social guidance.
d. It increases academic performance.
73. Abandoned child is a child who is without parents , guardian or custodian, while the
neglected child is a child who basic needs have been deliberately unattended or
inadequately attended.
a. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
b. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
c. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
d. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
74. What legal concept refers to parents’ responsibility for the actions of their juvenile
children?**
a. Child negligence
b. Parental responsibility
c. Juvenile liability
d. Legal guardianship
75. General duties of parents:
I. To give him affection, companion and understanding
II. To extend to him the benefits of moral guidance, self discipline, religious and
instructions.
III. To administer his property, according to the child interest.
IV. T always set goof example
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, III, and IV
c. I and IV
d. I, II, and IV
76. What is the primary role of parental authority in preventing juvenile delinquency?
a. Restricting personal freedoms
b. Providing guidance and supervision
c. Encouraging delinquent behavior
d. Establishing strict curfews
77. What is the primary goal of suspending parental authority in cases of juvenile
delinquency?
a. To punish the parents
b. To strengthen the parent-child relationship.
c. To ensure the safety and well-being of the juvenile.
d. To encourage leniency towards the juvenile’s actions.
78. What is a potential reason a juvenile might pursue emancipation in the context of
delinquency?
a. To avoid legal consequences for delinquent acts.
b. To strengthen family bonds
c. To gain access to educational opportunities.
d. To enhance parental authority
79. Which one is categories of sexual abuse of non touching sexual abuse offense?
a. Engaging a child for the purpose of prostitute
b. Fondling
c. Making a child in adults sexual organs
d. Exposing children to pornographic material
80. What is a common indicator of possible child abuse when assessing physical health?
a. Good hygiene
b. Unexplained injuries or bruises
c. Age-appropriate independence
d. Active involvement in extracurricular activities
81. This is the sign of physical abuse, except :
a. Has unexplained burn, bites, bruises, broken bone or black eye
b. Experience a sudden change in appetite
c. Shrink at the approach adult
d. Frightened of the parents and protest and caries when it is time to go home
82. It is a brain injury cause by forcefully and violently.
a. Fatal Alcohol syndrome
b. Shaken syndrome
c. Alcohol Syndrome
d. Baby shaken syndrome
83. How might family values in a democratic society impact juvenile delinquency rates?
a. High emphasis on individualism may increase delinquency.
b. Strong family values generally correlate with lower delinquency rates.
c. Democratic values have no impact on juvenile behavior.
 d. Strict adherence to tradition decreases delinquency.
84. In alarmist view, following are the argue to alarmist view, except:
a. The relatives is the one institution that hold society together.
b. If family loses its influence, children will not get guidance they need.
c. So children will grow u wild, unsocialized and disruptive.
d. Five trends mean that the family is weakening.
85. What is a potential challenge for families in a democratic society in addressing
juvenile delinquency?
a. Lack of individual rights
b. Overemphasis on conformity
c. Limited access to education
d. Balancing individual freedom with responsibility.
86. How might family values in a democratic society impact juvenile delinquency rates?
a. High emphasis on individualism may increase delinquency.
b. Democratic values have no impact on juvenile behavior.
c. Strong family values generally correlate with lower delinquency rates.
d. Strict adherence to tradition decreases delinquency.
87. What color of blotter book for Children un Conflict law?
a. Red
b. Black
c. Blue
d. Pink
88. What is the step by step procedure for sealing Records of CCL?
I. All index references shall reply that no record exist with respect to the child
concern.
II. Shall be sealed by order of the court.
III. As if never occurred record not related to the child.
a. I, II, and III
b. II, III, and I
c. II, I, and III
d. III, II, and I
89. What is a potential challenge for families in a democratic society in addressing
juvenile delinquency?**
a. Lack of individual rights
b. Overemphasis on conformity
c. Limited access to education
d. Balancing individual freedom with responsibility.
90. Who can take the statement of child?
a. DSWD who handle the case.
b. Police Office who handle the case
c. LSWDO who handle the case
d. All of the above
91. Neolocal residence is a newly married couple live in their own residence while the
Biolocal residence is shift sometime side lf husband and wife.
a. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
b. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
c. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
d. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
92. Who will undergo an intervention Program?
a. Who are 16 years old or under at the time of the commission of the offense.
b. Who are 15 years old or under at the time of the commission of the offense.
 c. Who are 17 years old or under at the time of the commission of the offense.
d. Who are 18 years old or under at the time of the commission of the offense.
93. Sealing of record shall be, except:
a. All index references shall be deleted
b. By order of the court
c. As if never occurred
d. Keep on a case file
94. What was the key impact of the “In re Winship” decision on juvenile justice
proceedings?
a. It lowered the burden of proof for juvenile cases.
b. It increased protections for juveniles, requiring a higher standard of proof.
c. It allowed for juvenile trials without legal representation.
d. It abolished juvenile courts altogether.
95. Divorce is also known as?
a. Dissolve Marriage
b. Separate house of couple
c. Dissolution of Marriage
d. None of these
96. The following are the predictor of juvenile delinquency, except:
a. Unlawful behavior of minors
b. Abnormal or slow development of basic skills.
c. Chronic violation of the rules.
d. Serious aggressive behavior toward other students and teachers.
97. In i1641, stated that children who disobeyed their parents could be put into death,
What law describe?
a. Owen act of 1st piece child labor
b. Code of Hammurabi
c. Stubborn law
d. Both A and C
98. In the context of parental authority, what is an example of a preventive measure
against juvenile delinquency?**
a. Enforcing harsh punishment without explanation
b. Providing positive role models for the juvenile
c. Allowing unlimited freedom and independence
d. Ignoring the juvenile’s activities
99. What are the 4D’s of juvenile justice during the last half of the 20 th Century?
a. Discernment, Diversion, Due Process, Divert
b. Deinstitutionalization, Diversion, Due Process, and Decriminalization.
c. Discrimination, Diversion, Due Process, and Decriminalization.
d. Non of these.
100. What is a common challenge faced by single-parent households that may
contribute to juvenile delinquency risk?
a. Excessive parental control
b. Increased financial stability
c. Limited time and resources
d. Strong community support
References:

Ongyod, F. F. (2023). Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile System.

 HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY

EASY TYPE:

1. It is the voluntary or involuntary attitude of person adopts in order to fit society’s

idea of right and wrong.
a. Conscience
b. Behavior
c. Human behavior
d. Attitude
2. It is an act of organism or act in effect with other organisms action which are
usually form environment.
a. Human behavior
b. Conscience
c. Personality
d. Behavior
3. It is used to investigate al kind of behavior and mental processes.
a. Physiology
b. Psychology
c. Physician
d. Criminal Psychology
4. It is totally accepted behavior because they follow the standard norms of society.
a. Normal Behavior
b. Attitude
c. Behavior
d. Abnormal Behavior
5. Behavior that are hidden. Or not visible in the naked eye.
a. Conscious
b. Complex
c. Covert
d. Irrational
6. Acts involving the use of a greater number of neurons which are combination of
simple behavior.
a. Complex
b. Simple
c. Rational
d. Irrational
7. It is an act done full volition of will.
a. Conscious
b. Voluntary
c. Rational
d. Overt
8. Behavior which pertain to our feelings, mood, temper, and strong motivation
force.
a. Social
b. Intellectual
c. Feeling
d. Emotional
9. Behavior which pertain to our way of thinking, reasoning, solving problem and
coping with environment.
a. Socialize
b. Interact
c. Social
d. Intellectual
10. It pertains to our interest toward something, our likes and dislike.
a. Attitude
b. Behavior
c. Personality
d. Moral
11. It is explains that certain emotional aggression, our intelligence, ability and
potential our physical appearance is inherited
a. Eugenics
b. Heredity
c. Genetics
d. Inherited
12. Refers to the relationship we may build up with our leers and Family.
a. Commitment
b. Involvement
c. Attachment
d. Belief
13. Any activities that remove a person from a having free time.
a. Commitment
b. Involvement
c. Attachment
d. Belief
14. This are basic structural unit of nervous system
a. Dendrites
b. Synaptic knobs
c. Serotonin
d. Neurons
15. The most common form of dementia among older adults.
a. Schizophrenia
b. Parkinson’s disease
c. Alzheimer’s disease
d. Amnesia
16. It is area of the prefrontal cortex that sits just above the orbits, and also known as
“eye sockets”.
a. Schizophrenia
b. Orbitofrontal Cortex
c. Parkinson’s Disease
d. Amnesia
17. This is need to measure of worth of oneself which can be acquired through
achievement, reputation, status and responsibilities.
a. Esteem Needs
b. Aesthetic
c. Self-actualization
d. Transcendence
18. Its need of human to feel his purpose with other human beings.
a. Transcendence
b. Self-actualization
c. Esteem Needs
d. Aesthetic
19. It refers to the unpleasant feeling that result from blocking of motive satisfaction.
a. Stress
b. Anxiety
c. Frustration Conflict
d. Emotion
20. Refers to pattern of relatively permanent traits.
a. Behavior
b. Personality
c. Attitude
d. Values
MODERATE TYPE:

21. Mr. Fernando likes to dance, he participates in competitions so that he can show
his talent. What kind of behavior that Mr. Fernandez did?
a. Complex
b. Rational
c. Voluntary
d. Conscious
22. Fely is heartbroken because her boyfriend broke up with her, because she feels
that she wants to talk to someone, Ana, who is Fely’s friend, only listens to
stories to at least reduce her hurt feelings.
a. Emotional
b. Social
c. Intellectual
d. Values
23. Miguel and Lany are married and have a child, the couple likes to commit crimes
because they like to commit crimes, they teach their children to commit crimes.
What Pathogenic Family Structure of Miguel and Lany?
a. Inadequate Family
b. Discordant Family
c. Disrupted Family
d. Anti-Social Family
24. Moy’s parents have died and they are orphaned. What kind of pathogenic family
are they?
a. Inadequate Family
b. Discordant Family
c. Disrupted Family
d. Anti-Social Family
25. Vince commit a crime due to influence by their environment.
a. Social Bond
b. Learning
c. Inherited
d. Activities Theory
26. Bong Bong and Sarah are always fighting in front of their children, and they are
unable to support their children.
a. Inadequate Family
b. Discordant Family
c. Disrupted Family
d. Anti-Social Family
27. Feliza does many activities so that she can not commit crimes. What kind of
Social Bond did Feliza?
a. Commitment
b. Attachment
c. Involvement
d. Belief
28. While making of her homework, Justine her teacher from other subject gave her
another set of activities that should be submitted early. She felt burn out and
pressured. What type of determinant of behavior Justine experiencing?
a. Anxiety
b. Depression
c. Emotion
d. Stress
29. Ms. Lolita is 90 years old. A few days ago, her son noticed that Ms. Lolita
seemed to be returning to her childhood, so Ms. Lolita checked up. Lolita with
her child, what result is possible to come out of Ms.’s check up. Lolita?
a. Schizophrenia
b. Parkinson’s Disease
c. Alzheimer’s Disease
d. Amnesia Disease
30. Jahnna is always being told something beautiful because she is being told
something beautiful, she has confidence in herself. According to Maslow’s
Theory of needs, What kind of need should describe to Jahnna?
a. Self Actualization
b. Esteem needs
c. Cognitive
d. Aesthetic
31. Rose wants to achieve her dream but it seems that something is preventing her
from being able to study.
a. Self Obstacle
b. Personal Shortcomings
c. Physical Obstacle
d. Social Circumstances
32. Luming is motivated to engage in two desirable activities that cannot be pursued
simultaneously. What type of conflict that describe in scenario?
a. Double Avoidance Conflict
b. Double Approach Conflict
c. Approach Avoidance Conflict
d. Approach Approach Conflict
33. Maureen feels or experiences delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech.
a. Schizophrenia
b. Parkinson’s Disease
c. Alzheimer’s Disease
d. Amnesia Disease
34. Lykah and Mark invests and strives to give effort of maintaining the relationship.
a. Intimacy
b. Attachment
c. Commitment
d. Passion
35. Vince has troops who do illegal activities after a few days. His troops invited him
to do illegal activities but Vince refused because he knows what is wrong and
right and he knows that if he does that something bad will happen to him.
a. Id
b. Ego
c. Superego
d. Conscience
36. People who belong to a group of drug user are at high risk of victimization, the
more they are exposed to street life, the greater their risk of becoming victim.
a. Lifestyle Theory
b. Routine Activity Theory
c. Deviant Place Theory
d. Victim Precipitation Theory
37. Which one is the best example of Personal Shortcoming?
a. Yubert want to achieve his goals but someone prevent him to achieve his
goal.
b. Yubert restrictions the custom and laws of social living.
c. Ruzzle is being handicapped by disease, deafness and paralysis.
d. All of the above
38. In contrast with Maslow’s, Is Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs important?
a. Yes, because Maslow’s theory has had a significant impact on theories of
motivation and employee satisfaction.
b. No, The needs identified in the original hierarchy of needs are still relevant
and universal today.
c. Yes, Provides a model for how students are motivated to learn.
d. Definitely not.
39. ERG theory allows the order of needs be different depending on the type of
people?
a. No, it allows that if the higher level needs are still unfulfilled.
b. Yes, Is still in the stage of life where his focus in only with his existence.
c. No, it may divert its focus from fulfilling needs from lower level.
d. Yes.
40. Miracle feel and experience of change in eating and sleeping habit and also she
felt hopeless.
a. Stress
b. Depression
c. Emotion
d. Anxiety
41. When you are feeling emotional, what are the main reason of being emotional?
a. Because there are things he can’t do.
b. Because there are something that will making sad.
c. Because he/she feel burned out of work.
d. All of the above
42. Refers to the desire for gratification from a sexual relationship, a desire that
humans have developed to support marriage to a single partner. Men and women
both release normal levels of estrogen and testosterone during this phase.
 a. Lust phase
b. Attachment phase
c. Attraction phase
d. Intimacy
43. Is it personality came from influence by Environment?
a. Yes, because all the behavior and personality was influenced by
Environment
b. No, Because personality is from birth originated.
c. No, because it is inherited
d. Yes.
44. Refer in one of the views in Human Behavior that emphasizes on external
functions of human beings that can be observed and measure.
a. Neurological view
b. Behavioral view
c. Cognitive view
d. Psychological view
45. Lea’s foundation of the behavior is the environment, what type of victim he will
become ?
a. Mentally defective
b. Acquisitive
c. Depressed victim
d. Lonesome victim
46. Refers to the condition being experience of a person under pressure or strain.
a. Stress, process of adjusting to or dealing with circumstances that disrupts or
threatens.
b. Anxiety, it could be low and can be motivating force.
c. Emotion, it is usually move or motivate us to take action.
d. Frustration, form of stress which result in tension.
47. Marisa want to end her life, so he engage to suicide. What type of victim did
Marisa?
a. Completely Innocent victims
b. Victim as guilty as offender
c. Victim is guiltier than offender
d. Victim Precipitation
48. In the foundation of behavior , that the type of victim was mentally defective in
minor either old. What description describe?
a. Being victimize because of the daily activities
b. Escaped the idea of unattained goals by action out
c. After for the good consequences being victim?
d. Because of the qualities.
49. Victim precipitation theory is foundation behavior of?
a. Intelligence
b. Needs
c. Motivation
d. Emotion
50. If the victims is traumatize due to rape, the victim is experience?
a. To have Depression
b. To engage to suicide
c. To engage anti-social
d. Both A and B
HARD TYPE:

51. Which one is the concept of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

a. Person will just long for fulfillment of next level needs after achieving at
least partial fulfillment of lower need.
b. Human need are arranged according to its importance complex to basic.
c. Human have same needs and wants that it unsatisfied may influence their
behavior.
d. According to human that this theory have many importance that need in
everyday.
52. Need are state of comfortable tension that spur activity until goal is reached,
while the Drives is psychological states of arousals that prompts someone to take
action.
a. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
b. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is True
c. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
d. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
53. That can be seen with a person having the following behavior, except:
a. Feeling nervous/anxious
b. Ineffectiveness
c. Poor of decision making
d. Hopeless
54. How can you say that you are in love, Sternberg says that there a three factor
that make up love:
I. Intimacy- longing for an exchange of support, care, and being near to one
they love.
II. Attraction- which elevate its feeling from sexual urge only up infatuation.
III. Passion- this is a sexual arousals and attraction of physical features.
IV. Commitment- strive to give efforts of maintaining the relationship.
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I,II, and III
c. I, III, and IV
d. II, III, and Iv
55. Which one is false for describing Superego?
a. This represent the moral aspect of the personality
b. Outcome of experience from the punishment to our negative behavior
c. Experience from the reward we got from positive behavior
d. This is decision making branch of personality.
56. Ana is Victim due to theft, So as a Law enforcement what should you do first to
give services to Ana?
a. Introduce to Ana about investigation process and the compensation that they
can only acquire.
b. Inform Ana the update or process of the case
c. Refer Ana wit appropriate victim assistance and compensation
d. Obtain impact statement.
57. According to no. 56 scenario, after Ana went to and prosecutors and the case is
under the court, what can they give service of Ana’s case?
a. Intervene with the motion lf the defense party as if offends the victim.
b. Assistance in Plea Bargaining
c. Secure the victim property if is condi5in the effect of crime
d. Assure that the assistance asked for the victim received.
58. According to no. 57 scenario after Ana went to court, what should correction do
to Ana’s case?
a. Accompany the victim with the status of case
b. Inform the victim of her rights.
c. Inform/refer victim for assistance, if needed.
d. Evaluate the victim impact statement obtained from the prosecution.
59. In Rape Crisis, Who can be handled if the victim was experiencing rape?
a. CICL
b. Law Enforcement
c. Police officer who in in women desk
d. DOJ
60. Following are the services offered by Rape Crisis Center of RA. 8505,
except:
a. Securing the free legal assistance or service, when necessary for rape victim
b. Provide the victim a psychological counseling, medical and health services
c. To interview the victim about what happened.
d. Ensuring the privacy and safety of the rape victims
61. What is the duty of Police Officers upon receipt of the complaint about the rape?
a. Immediately refer the case to the prosecutor for inquest
b. Arrange for counseling and medical services for the victim
c. Immediately create a report on the action.
d. All of the above
62. Aside from the offended party, these are other person that can file a complaint
about them?
a. Parents or guardian
b. Ascendant and collateral relative within the third degree.
c. Barangay Chairman
d. Mayor
63. 63. I was in the neighbor’s home and I saw them being murdered. I had a heart
attack, and now I am depressed and scared when I am alone in my home.
a. Primary victims
b. Secondary victims
c. Witness secondary victim
d. Parent Secondary victim
64. The following are the common reactions of victims, EXCEPT:
a. Fear of one’s safety or the safety of colleagues
b. Helplessness about being unable to do anything
c. Confusion about what to do or how to respond to the robber’s demand
d. Concern that the robber may remember
65. Which of the following is a key focus of victimology?
a. Assessing prison rehabilitation programs.
b. Understanding the psychological impact of victimization.
c. Studying criminal behavior.
d. Analyzing law enforcement practices.
66. What is the primary goal of victimology?
a. Developing crime prevention strategies.
b. Reforming criminal justice systems.
c. Supporting and advocating for victims’ rights
d. Punishing offenders.
67. In victimology, what does ‘secondary victimization’ refer to?
a. The process of reintegrating offenders into society.
 b. The trauma experienced by witnesses of a crime.
c. The additional harm caused to a victim by the criminal justice system.
d. The psychological effects of violent media on individuals.
68. Which factor is considered a significant focus in victimology research and
practice?
a. The economic benefits of criminal activities
b. The effectiveness of self-defense training for potential victims
c. The rehabilitation of convicted offenders
d. The impact of cultural norms on victim blaming
69. What is a primary objective of victimology as a field of study?
a. To study the psychology of criminal offenders.
b. To understand the factors contributing to victimization and its impact on
individuals.
c. To advocate for harsher punishments for criminals.
d. To analyze the efficiency of law enforcement agencies.
70. In the context of victimology, what does the term ‘re-victimization’ refer to?
a. The psychological tendency to seek out situations that mimic the initial
victimization.
b. The process of re-traumatizing oneself through constant reliving of the initial
victimization.
c. The phenomenon where the initial victimization is completely erased from
memory.
d. The experience of being victimized again after an initial victimization.
71. Which of the following best describes the concept of ‘secondary victimization’ in
victimology?
a. The process where the victim is blamed or disbelieved by authorities and
society.
b. The psychological impact experienced by the perpetrator of the crime.
c. The process of the victim facing their fears and confronting the perpetrator.
d. The legal process of obtaining compensation for the victim’s losses.
72. Since it has gained popularity as much as criminology, the focus of crime
prevention strategies is now centered on?
a. Crime prevention
b. Victimization prevention
c. . Criminals.
d. Police education
73. Normal Behavior is a totally accepted behavior because they follow the standard
norms, while the Abnormal behavior is a deviant from social expectations
because they go against the norms.
a. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
b. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 false
c. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
d. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
74. A normal person is characterized by:
a. Efficient perception of reality.
b. Ability to exercise voluntary control over his behavior
c. Productivity
d. All of the above.
75. Maladaptive person may be understood by following definitions, except;
a. According to deviation of statistical norms based in statistical frequency.
b. Behavior is maladaptive
 c. Less self knowledge
d. Due to behavior distress
76. What other institutional influence of a person?
I. Attitude
II. Routines
III. Inside of organization
IV. Norms
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, II, and III
c. I, III, and IV
d. II, III, and IV
77. What is the difference between the inadequate family and Discordant Family?
a. Inadequate Family is a characterized by the inability to cope with ordinary
problems, while the discordant Family is by non satisfaction of one or both
parents form the relationship.
b. Inadequate Family is by non satisfaction of one or both parents form the
relationship, while the Discordant Family is a characterized by the inability
to cope with ordinary problems.
c. Inadequate Family is incompleteness whether as a result of death, separation,
while the Discordant Family is espouses unacceptable values as a result of
the influence of parents to their child.
d. There’s no difference between two.
78. Following is the major types of neurotransmitters, except:
a. Dendrites
b. Serotonin
c. Acetylcholine
d. Dopamine
79. Stages of Romantic love.
I. Lust Phase
II. Attraction Phase
III. Attachment Phase
IV. Commitment Phase
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, III, and IV
c. I, II, and III
d. IV only
80. Conscience pertains to our experience from the reward we got from our positive
behavior while the Ego ideal is a out comes from our experience from the
punishment to our negative behavior
a. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
b. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
c. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
d. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
81. Which of the following is NOT a common type of victimization?
a. Property crime
b. Violent crime
c. White-collar crime
d. Hate crime
82. What is the term used to describe the process by which victims of crime are
blamed for their victimization?
a. Victimization
b. Victim precipitation
c. Victim blaming
d. Victim compensation
83. Which of the following is a common characteristic of offenders who target
victims?
a. They are always mentally ill.
b. They are always motivated by greed.
c. They are often repeat offenders.
d. They are always strangers to their victims.
84. Which of the following is a key challenge in addressing victimization?
a. Lack of awareness about the issue
b. Lack of resources for victims
c. Lack of cooperation between law enforcement and social service agencies
d. All of the above
85. These are following are arranged according to its hierarchy:
I. Physiological need
II. Safety needs
III. The sense belonging and love ones
IV. Esteem needs
V. The need for self
a. I, II, III, IV, and V
b. IV, III, II, and I
c. III, I, II, IV, and V
d. V, III, 1, II, and IV
86. Following are the characteristics of behavior, except:
a. Evoke by external stimuli or internal need
b. Primarily native or learned
c. Automatic voluntary, conscious motor
d. It primarily inherited
87. What is the difference between compensation and Over compensation?
a. Compensation is where the individual is devotes time and efforts to pursuit
with increase vigor, while the over compensation it is desirable qualities that
are found in what was not truly wanted
b. Compensation it is desirable qualities that are found in what was not truly
wanted, while the over compensation is where the individual is devotes time
and efforts to pursuit with increase vigor.
c. Compensation is where the individual is devotes time and efforts to pursuits
with increase vigor, while the over compensation is expense of well around
and complete adjustment to a variety of life’s demand.
d. There’s no difference between two.
88. Following are the behavioral characteristics of neurotic reaction, except:
a. Ability to function at capacity level
b. Egocentricity
c. Somatic Complaints
d. Presence of anxiety
89. Which one is not true about symptoms of schizophrenia?
a. Seclusiveness or the narrowing of interest and social contact.
b. Disorganized pattern of speech
 c. Total Personality with no observation
d. there is no logic or reason in the thoughts and feeling express
90. What are the characteristics of psychopath/ sociopath?
I. A classic manipulator or con artist.
II. The person has not incorporated the moral values of social in life.
III. Opposed to the principle upon which society is base
IV. Selfish and strives for physical pleasure
a. IV, III, II, and I
b. I, II, III, and IV.
c. 1, III, and IV
d. I, II, and IV
91. Which of the following is NOT considered an abnormal or deviant behavior?
a. Schizophrenia
b. Anorexia nervosa
c. Homosexuality
d. Antisocial personality disorder
92. What is the primary goal of treating abnormal or deviant behavior?
a. Punishment
b. Control
c. Cure
d. Prevention
93. What is the term for a pattern of behavior that is persistent, inflexible, and causes
significant distress or impairment?
a. Personality disorder
b. Mood disorder
c. Psychotic disorder
d. Anxiety disorder
94. What is the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for abnormal or
deviant behavior?
a. To change the person’s thoughts and behaviors
b. To prescribe medication
c. To hospitalize the person
d. To use physical restraints
95. Which of the following is NOT a type of psychotherapy?
a. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
b. Psychodynamic therapy
c. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
d. humanistic therapy
96. What is the best way to respond to a victim of hate crime?
a. Ignoring the incident
b. Blaming the victim
c. Offering support and resources to the victim.
d. Reporting the incident to the authorities
97. What is the primary goal of victim advocacy?
a. Providing legal representation to the victim.
b. Ensuring the victim’s rights are protected.
c. Offering emotional support to the victim.
d. All of the above
98. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing an eating disorder?
a. Low self-esteem
b. Body image issues
 c. Perfectionism
d. Regular exercise
99. What is the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for abnormal or
deviant behavior?
a. To change the person’s thoughts and behaviors
b. To prescribe medication
c. To hospitalize the person
d. To use physical restraints
100. Which of the following is a recommended strategy for responding to a victim
of sexual assault?
a. Blaming the victim
b. Minimizing the impact of the assault.
c. Offering unsolicited advice
d. Listening to the victim’s experience.

References:

Sullano, M. C. (2023). Human Behavior and Victimology.

Marjorie (2021). Human Behavior and Victimology.

 PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARD

EASY TYPE:

1. It is a system of moral principle or moral standard governing conduct.

a. Moral
b. Ethics
c. Ethical Standard
d. Conduct
2. Pertaining to character and behavior from the point of view of right and wrong.
a. Moral
b. Conscience
c. Ethics
d. Conduct
3. A branch of moral science treats of the obligation.
a. Professional Conduct
b. Moralist
c. Professional Ethics
d. Ethics
4. The utilitarian principle focuses our attention on the consequence of our action
a. Rule
b. Relationship
c. Action
d. Result
5. It is type of Police brutality, refers to the use of absence and profane (walang galang)
language
a. Police Profanity
b. Misuse of Confidentiality Information
c. Threats or implies violence
d. Field stops and searching
6. It is when an officer is quite blatant in about demanding free services
a. Police shakedown
b. Police Perjury
c. Police Gratuity
d. Chiseling
7. It is the concealment or distortion lf truth in a matter of fact relevant of one’s office.
a. Disloyalty
b. Dishonest
c. Misconduct
d. Corruption
8. It is the intentional commission of prohibited actor intentional unjust performance of
some act of which the party had no right.
a. Misfeasance
b. Nonfeasance
c. Malfeasance
d. Misconduct
9. Presupposes conviction in court of any crime offense
a. Law
b. Offense
c. Violation of law
d. Violation
10. It is the Manifestation of lack of inadequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory
performance of police duties.
a. Oppression
b. Incompetence
c. Disloyalty
d. Deviance
11. The police officer as an upholder of the law must know the its limitation upon him in
enforcing a law.
a. Primordial Police Responsibility
b. Cooperation with Police officer
c. Use of proper means to obtain proper ends.
d. Limitation of Police Authority
12. Consistent and wise use of discretion, base on professional police competence, well do
much to preserve the good relationship.
a. Police Discretion
b. Discretion
c. Judgment
d. Conscience
13. Affects the spirit of de corps, morale and welfare of member and sense of pride of
organization.
a. PNP image
b. Career Management
c. Police Management Leadership
d. Equality in the service
14. In consonance with requirements of honor and integrity in PNP, All PNP members must
have moral courage to sacrifice the self interest.
a. Delicadeza
b. Equality in the service
c. Setting example
d. Police Lifestyle
15. PNP members shall promote the lifestyle for every members of the organization.
a. Setting example
b. Delicadeza
c. Police Lifestyle
d. Lifestyle
16. It is improper implementation with greatly prejudice the personnel professionalization
process as regard procurement, promotion, assignment, placement, training and
retirement.
a. Police Management Leadership
b. Career Management
c. Equality in the service
d. Political Patronage
17. Shall refer to established and generally accepted moral values.
a. Ethics
b. Ethical Standards
c. Conduct standard
d. Moral standard
18. PNP members pay an exit call on their superior in the unit of command when relieves or
reassigned out of the said unit or command
a. New year’s call
b. Promotion call
c. Emergency call
d. Exit call
19. The flag raised in deference to decease uniformed member of the command
a. Flag Ceremony
b. Flag lowering ceremony
c. Half-mast
d. Ceremony Tendered ceremony
20. All PNP members shall follow the logical procedure in accomplish task.
a. Perseverance
b. Humility
c. Orderliness
d. Integrity
MODERATE TYPE:

21. Police officer Rogacion and his family go to church every Sunday to enhance the image
of organization but without affecting their official duties
a. Discipline
b. Social Awareness
c. Proper care and use of police property
d. Duty
22. In Mendez, Cavite, the management and security of the town is good because the Police
officers observe all times in keeping with the rules and regulation of organization also in
town.
a. Discipline
b. Devotion of duty
c. Proper care and use of police property
d. Social awareness
23. Police Officer Carreon greeted those in uniform who were higher than her in the meeting
to recognize persons. What Police Courtesy did Police Officer Carreon do?
a. Salute to National Color and standard
b. Address/ title
c. Salute
d. All of the above
24. Police Officer Dalisay was promoted call on their unit head. After that they usually given
a recognition and congratulations their peers to appreciate his accomplishment.
a. Exit call
b. Promotion call
c. New year’s call
d. Courtesy call
25. Every 7 am in the morning, the PNP members hold a ceremony where they salute our
national flag and sing the national anthem of the Philippines before they start their work.
a. Flag raising ceremony
b. Flag Lowering ceremony
c. Honor ceremony
d. Formal ceremony
26. Before conducting a traffic stop, a police officer is supposed to assist a stranded motorist
or have a good faith suspicion of a violation.
a. Ethical Standard
b. Ethics
c. Moral
d. Values
27. Police officer Cardo was standing in a market, while he was standing in the market he
saw a woman stealing food and he immediately approached her, the woman was scared
and the woman immediately explained that she said “Sorry sir, I just did it This is because
we don’t have food for the whole family” Police Officer Cardo was thinking about what
to do with her, the Police Officer thought of letting it go because it was a pity he just told
the woman to return what she stole and he would just give it to her the woman has food.
a. Police Moral
b. Police Values
c. Police Ethic
d. Police Discretion
28. Juan is dreaming to become police officer someday. The act of Juan is an example of?
a. Consent
b. Use
c. Wish
d. Intention
29. Pedro having a plan to steal the gadget is the mall. In the kind of human act that react of
Pedro is considered?
a. Commanded act
b. Elicited act
c. Use
d. Wish
30. Maureen went to their province because she was going to spend Christmas there, as soon
as she arrived in the province her aunt immediately told her about the cultures in their
town. Her auntie want to signify?
a. Custom
b. Social norms
c. Law of society
d. Religion
31. In this scenario, Pedro is making plans and deciding which course of action would be
most effective in achieving his goals.
a. Fruition
b. Intention
c. Wish
d. Election
32. Senator Rigor made a law regarding the salary increase for employees. In this scenario it
is the basis of morality:
a. Social norms
b. Law of society
c. Conscience
d. Culture
33. Isabel was provided for the application of the principle of general ethics to particular
department of human activity individual.
a. Special ethics
b. General ethics
c. Code of ethics
 d. Ethical standards

34. JP is a kind child, whenever he goes out of the house he likes to help the elderly and
giving food to those begging for food on the road. He is exhibiting?
a. Immoral
b. Moral
c. Amoral
d. Habits
35. Zairhon is encouraged by his friends to do bad things, because Zairhon knows what is
wrong and right, he would rather do the right thing.
a. Ethics
b. Conscience
c. Custom
d. Character
36. At the end of office work or duties of public official even though PNP members, What
should they do before they go home and finish their jobs?
a. At the end of the official works, All member pause for a moment to salute to lowering
of the flag.
b. At the end of the official work, All officials must be honor first the flag and singing
the national anthem before they go home.
c. At the end of the official works, All official must greet their boss and also their co-
employment members.
d. All of the above
37. In the Police Organization, how can it be said that you are a decent Police officer?
a. Must be obey the rule and regulation to organization
b. Must be follow the logical procedure in accomplish task
c. Must be protect your country and give their right as a human
d. Must be wear their uniform properly they may be.
38. The Police organization, every time they work they improve teamwork and cooperation
and give commitment and concern to one another.
a. Teamwork
b. Valor
c. Camaraderie
d. Patriotism
39. Happy Hours usually on Friday or any other day suitable for the occasion because they
gather together at their PNP club for a light hearted jesting or airing of minor gripes.
Aside from that what else is the reason if they have a happy hour?
a. To gain public support and win citizens cooperation to accomplish police task.
b. Focused on building a good image for the police organization through actual
c. After the tired duty, They need relaxation and give rest day.
d. All of the above.
40. Police Officer Aure while he was on duty, he saw an old man who slipped on the road but
instead of helping him he just let him do what he did, what kind of misconduct that is
applicable to Police Officer Aure?
a. Malfeasance
b. Misfeasance
c. Nonfeasance
d. Misconduct
41. Reason why a police officer must always wear his uniform securely buttoned.
a. Loose clothing is shabby
b. Complete uniform gets women’s attention
 c. It is a minor offense
d. Neat appearance will command respect.
42. What is the complete title of the PNP Code of Conduct?
a. PNP Code of Ethical Standards and Professional Conduct
b. PNP Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards
c. PNP Code of Conduct and Standards.
d. PNP Ethical Standards
43. RA 7080 also known as:
a. Anti-Plunder Act
b. Professional Ethical Standards
c. Anti Graft Act
d. Anti-Corrupt Act
44. According to PD 971. What is the irregularities of performance duties?
a. Incompetency is the manifest lack of adequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory
performance of official duties by reason of the officer’s vice or vicious habits.
b. Isn’t done out of intent to harm but more likely to create a shortcut. Management may
do this believing the action will help the company even though it could result in
negative consequences in the future.
c. Outright sabotage in which one party to a contract commits an act that causes
intentional damage. A party that incurs damages by malfeasance is entitled to
settlement through a civil lawsuit.
d. All of the above.
45. Your subordinate informed you that your supervisor’s orders during your absence did not
conflict with the standing orders you had given to your men in your section. What shall
you do?
a. Discuss the new order with your staff
b. Tell your staff to promulgate their own rules
c. Discuss the matter with your supervisor.
d. Instruct your staff to follow you order.
46. Juan is a dedicated public servant who performs their task and it is responsibility and self
sacrifice.
a. Obligation
b. Duty
c. Responsibility
d. Conduct
47. Police Officer Yubert saw a man and suddenly caught him but there was no reason and no
arrest warrant.
a. Misconduct
b. Malfeasance
c. Misfeasance
d. Nonfeasance
48. Why Police officer must be Physical Fitness and mentally fit?
a. Are better able to respond when called to do so.
b. Minimizing the risk of excessive force situations. Minimizing the known health risks
associated with the public safety job.
c. Can perform more work with less effort.
d. All of the above
49. What is the best example of Police Community Relations?
a. Youth police academies, National Night Out, and neighborhood watch programs.
b. Give seminar and meeting to have good relation ship to public
c. Face to face communication including dialogue with the public
 d. Assist immediate in setting dispute at barangay.
50. Enlightening police personnel about the following is the main goal of the police:
a. What actions are actually appropriate
b. What is right and what is wrong
c. The right attitude
d. The right thing to do.
HARD TYPE:

51. What changes must occur given an effective police community relation program?
a. Attitude and behavioral changes in police officers
b. Political and social changes in police officer.
c. Attitude and mental changes in police officer.
d. All of the above.
52. What is the purpose of public relation program?
a. To develop mutual understanding between the police and public.
b. To organize a program on community relations.
c. To provide community relations training to police officers.
d. To enlist fresh participants in community relations
53. Conduct in arresting law violator:
I. Policemen shall use his power of arrest in accordance with the law with due regard to
the rights of the citizen concern
II. He shall conduct himself in such a manner as will minimize the possibility of having
to use force.
III. He shall at all times, have a clear appreciation of his responsibilities and limitation
regarding the detention of the accused.
IV. Policeman shall regard the best possible of his duties as a public trust and recognize
his responsibility as a public servant
a. I,II,III, and IV
b. I, II, and III
c. I, an II
d. I only.
54. Conduct toward the community:
I. The policemen shall be mindful of his special identification by the public as a
upholder of law.
II. The Policemen shall deal with individual of the community in the manner calculated
to instill respect
III. Policemen shall conduct his official life in a manner that will inspire confidence and
trust
IV. The Policemen shall be mindful of his responsibility to the community
a. I, III and IV
b. I, II and IV
c. II, III, and IV
d. I, II, III, and IV
55. To foster goodwill among the public, a police officer on duty needs to do , Except:
a. Be prompt in offering people assistance with their issues.
b. Be courteous and fair.
c. Be perform job with dedication and efficiency.
d. Be selective people to serve.
56. Judicious use of Authority” means:
a. Logical procedure
b. Respect for human rights
c. Legitimate use of authority
d. Practical use of government resources
57. One activities implemented by public relation officer is
a. Attend multi-social ugnayans, which include religious factor, schools, barangay
organization and government agencies.
b. Conduct sanitation and environment seminars.
c. Conduct barangay meetings to inform barangay officials regarding trend and to
prevent crime.
d. Establishing police counseling center in barangays.
58. Police officer Rommel had a plan to not do his duties and he thought that someone else
should do his duties then there was a police officer who was given a gift by PO Rommel
which he will give a gift here but in return is Police officer will do his duties. What
misconduct did PO Rommel do?
a. Corrupt
b. Plunder
c. Bribery
d. Gift
59. PO1 Zalddy was conducting the checkpoint, after a few minutes someone stopped his
motorcycle and PO1 Zalddy issued the motorcycle driver’s license because the
motorcycle driver had no license to show, PO1 impounded his motorcycle. After getting
the motorcycle, PO1 Zalddy looked for a buyer for the motorcycle that was acquired,
Zalddy means as?
a. Bribery
b. Recycle
c. Opportunistic Theft
d. Direct criminal Activity
60. According to RA 6173, The Civil Service Commission shall adopt positive measures to
promote:
a. Observance of these standards including the dissemination of information programs
b. Continuing research and experimentation on measures which provide positive
motivation to public officials
c. Constitutional and national elective officials, with the national office of the
Ombudsman.
d. Both A and B
61. Foundation od public relations:
I. Live and let die
II. Give what is due to others
III. Respect so you would be respect
IV. Give before you seek to get
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, II, and II
c. I and II
d. I only
62. In Community relation, Community resentment must be avoid because?
a. For good develop friendly relation by his good conduct
b. For being worthy of the public trust
c. For willing to serve everyone
d. All of the above
63. Which of this statement is FALSE?
a. In modern societies, religion tends to focus on the experience of the group or
collective.
b. Women are more likely than men to participate in organized religion, particularly
window.
c. The promise of rewards in the hereafter makes come religions alluring to the
impoverished.
d. Religion has served as a functional alternative to political extremism.
64. Ethics is a system of moral principle or moral standard governing conduct, While the
Moral is pertaining to character and behavior from the point of view of right and wrong.
a. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
b. Both statement no 1 and statement no 2 to is true
c. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
d. Both statement no 1 and statement no 2 to is false
65. Why we study ethics?
a. To value life, Decision, and to have an orderly social life.
b. To know the right and wrong, to value of life.
c. To know the values and morale.
d. All of the above.
66. Police core values are:
a. Respect for men , Respect for jurisdiction, love for country
b. Love of god, Respect for authority, and Respect for women
c. Equality, love of country, respect for women
d. None of the above
67. The RA 3019 is also known as:
a. Professional Ethical Standard
b. NAPOLCOM
c. Anti- Graft and Corrupt Practices Act
d. Criminologist Licensure Examination
68. Which of the following actions should be taken to encourage community cooperation and
support for police organization programs?
a. The police must beg for the cooperation and support of the community
b. The commander's orders should be followed by the police when carrying out their
duties.
c. By providing compensation, the police ought to gain the community's cooperation and
support.
d. In order to gain respect and cooperation, the police should operate effectively in
upholding human rights.
69. Obedience to superior is a courteous to other appropriate authorities within the chain of
command while the Orderliness is must follow the logical procedure in accomplishing the
task.
a. Both statement no 1 and statement no 2 to is true.
b. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
c. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
d. Both statement no 1 and statement no 2 to is true.
70. PO1 Jane addressed her senior who are entitled to salute with word “Maam”
a. Salute
b. Respect
c. Addressed/Title
d. Manner
71. Types of Police Deviance, Except:
a. Police Gratuity
b. Police Corruption
c. Police Perjury
d. Police Shakedown
72. When squatters’ homes are being demolished or evicted, which of the following should
the what do police do?
a. while providing security assistance, show as much tolerance as possible.
b. Exercise limited force
c. Participate in actual demolition.
d. Exercise maximum force in dealing with squatter.
73. All of this is when citizen charges police brutality they may be referring all of this,
except:
a. Command to go home
b. Threats or implies to other
c. Field to stop and searches
d. All of the above
74. Malfeasance is the wrong doing or violation of departmental while the misfeasance is
failure to perform an act which one is obligated or permitted to do their law.
a. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
b. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
c. Both statement no 1 and statement no 2 is true
d. Both Statem6no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
75. I will keep my private life unsullied as an example of all/maintain the:
a. Public trust and faith
b. Courageous calm
c. Professional performance
d. Law courteous
76. It is a uses of reasonable force when percussion is not sufficient, except:
a. No violence or unnecessary force shall not be subject to any Greater restrain than is
necessary for his detention
b. Force should be use only with the greatest restraint and only after discussion.
c. Reasonable force to the extent necessary to secure observance the law
d. None of the above
77. I believe in God, the supreme being a great provider the creator of:
a. All public officer
b. All women
c. All men
d. All public officials
78. I believe in the wisdom of ____
a. Loyalty
b. Honesty
c. Truthfulness
d. Integrity
79. All PNP members shall perform duties with:
a. Trust, integrity, competency and loyalty
b. Intelligence, excellence, trust and loyalty
c. Excellence, competency, integrity and intelligence
d. Excellence, competence, integrity, and intelligence
80. All Members of the PNP shall observe the following professional conduct.
I. Commitment to democracy
II. Secrecy Discipline
III. Police Ethical Standards
IV. Records
a. I, III, and IV
b. I, II, and III
c. II, III, and IV
d. I, II, and IV
81. All Policemen at all levels shall adhere to the eight tenets, Which include the following?
a. All police action must be characterized by courtesy and discipline
b. Must be observed all times in keeping with the rules and regulation in organization
c. All Policemen must be obey the logical order of rules and cleanliness of the
policeman’s place and work.
d. All of the above.
82. The following are the courteous calls, except:
a. New year’s call
b. Christmas call
c. Exit call
d. Promotion call
83. In wearing uniform of PNP members, they must therefore observe the following:
I. Adherence the haircut prescribe by rules and regulations.
II. Wearing a prescribed uniform
III. Manner of walking
IV. Wearing as part of the uniform, award and decoration earned accordance with law
and regulations.
a. I only
b. I and II
c. I, II, and III
d. I, II, III, and IV
84. PO1 Juan Dela Cruz governs and disciplines himself by means of reason and sound
judgment. What virtue does he practice?
a. Orderliness
b. Obedience
c. Integrity
d. Perseverance
85. Opportunities for the police and the public to interact should be provided by a police
community relations program:
a. Talk with each other
b. Socialize to other
c. Talk each other
d. Socialize to each other
86. The following goals must be included in any program involving police and the
community, EXCEPT:
a. to uphold the law and detain those who break it.
b. to elicit support and cooperation from the public.
c. To foster greater empathy and understanding for the issues and requirements facing
the police.
d. To preserve and enhance the community’s trust and goodwill.
87. PO3 Funa is never unfaithful to his legally married wife and abstains from visiting
establishments that are ill-founded. PO3 Funa carries out moral behavior?
a. Loyalty
b. Temperance
c. Integrity
d. Morality
88. Refers to the theoretical guidelines established to ensure that law enforcement officers
exercise the highest level of self-control and restraint when carrying out their official
duties.
a. Maximum Tolerance
b. Command responsibility
c. Police Discretion
d. Police Ethics
89. What will happen if all PNP members are not equal?
a. Harmonious relationship among members
b. Being immoral among members
c. Inefficiency and lack of team work
d. Loss of good relationship to each other.
90. What is most important in Police Core Values?
a. Respect for men
b. Love of God
c. Respect for authority
91. What is the difference between ethics and moral?
a. Morals ordinarily refers to the human conduct itself, while the Ethics will guide a
person’s judgment concerning the morality of human acts.
b. Moral will guide a person’s judgment concerning the morality of human acts, while
the Ethics ordinarily refers to the human conduct itself.
c. There’s no difference between two.
d. Both A and B
92. Ethics comes from:
I. Religion
II. Society
III. Family background
IV. Culture
a. 1, II, and IV
b. I, III, and IV
c. I, II, III and IV
d. II only
93. The following are the professional police principle, except:
a. Police Obedience
b. Impartial enforcement of law
c. Police discretion
d. Community are the police
94. What is the most important supervisory principle in order to improve the morale of staff?
a. Be fair and just
b. Be integrity on alert.
c. Be kind and respectful
d. Be humility
95. Police Community relation is:
a. Dealing between the police it serve good will and cooperation.
b. Maintain harmony and mutual support between police and the community
 c. Any communication between gap to the police and public.
d. Demonstrate the sincerity and concern of the PNP
96. What are the Objective of Police Community Relations?
I. To obtain cooperation and assistance
II. To develop public understanding and support and rules for the service of the people
III. To maintain and develop the goodwill and confidence of the community for the people
IV. To create boarder understanding and sympathy with the problem and needs of the
public
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, II, and IV
c. I, II, and IV
d. IV ONLY
97. In securing the community, aside from PNP members who else can be an assistant to the
PNP to keep the community orderly and protected?
a. Barangay
b. Government
c. PNP members only
d. All of the above
98. Mr. Carreon appointed official and employment even its temporary or permanent, but
he’s still happy.
a. Public Official
b. Public Officers
c. Public employee
d. Both A and B
99. PO1 Anna manifestation lack inadequate ability in performance of his duty, what
misconduct Ana’s represent
a. Misconduct
b. Immoral
c. Morality
d. Incompetence
100. What is the difference between fixing and case fixing
a. Case Fixing is an act as a mediator in a certain case, while the Fixing is subjective
imposition of penalties or down right sabotage of the investigation process
b. Case Fixing is subjective imposition of penalties or down right sabotage of the
investigation process, while the Fixing is an act as a mediator in a certain case.
c. Case Fixing is a worst behavior of a police force than the fixing.
d. All of the above

References:

Michael John C. Sullano, RCrim. Module 1 Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards.

Renor Narca Apela 2022

Follower, L. (n.d.). Module-1-professional-conduct-and-ethical-standards (1).

Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/552681286/MODULE-1-

PROFESSIONAL-CONDUCT-AND-ETHICAL-STANDARDS-1
 DISPUTE RESOLUTION AMD CRISIS MANAGEMENT

EASY TYPE:

1. Refers to a principle which requires a process of resolving conflict with a maximum

involvement of the victim, the offender and the community.
a. Restorative Justice
b. Justice System
c. Barangay
d. Conflict
2. A voluntary dispute resolution process in which one or more arbitrators appointed
with an agreement.
a. Arbitrator
b. Mini trial
c. Arbitration
d. Mediation
3. It is assist the parties in reaching a voluntary agreement regarding dispute.
a. Arbitration
b. Mediation
c. Mediation Party
d. Mediator
4. It is a system of justice Administered at the barangay level for the purpose of
amicable setting disputes through mediation, arbitration, conciliation among the
family or barangay without resorting to the occurs.
a. Lupong Tagapamayapa
b. Barangay
c. Lupong Tagapagsundo
d. Katarungang Pambarangay
5. It is the basic political, serve as the primary planning and implementing unit of
government policies, plans, programs in the community.
a. Lupong Tagapamayapa
b. Barangay
c. Lupong Tagapagsundo
d. Katarungang Pambarangay
6. Concise statement of ultimate facts
a. Complainant
b. Conciliation
c. Complaint
d. Attachment
7. It is process of exacting satisfaction for on both of the parties through compulsory or
coercive means.
a. Incompetent
b. Next of Kin
c. Execution
d. Repudiation
8. Purpose of releasing a person who is illegally derived of liberty.
a. Habeas Corpus
b. Statute of limitations
c. Support Pendente Lite
d. Amicable Settlement
9. Authority to hear and decide cases and given by law and cannot be agreed by the
parties.
a. Venue
b. Barangay
c. Jurisdiction
d. Justice System
10. It is an act of rejecting the validity of refusing to accept the term and condition of
agreement on the ground of any stage
a. Mediation
b. Next of Kin
c. Statute of limitations
d. Repudiation
11. It is a form of an order issued by judge before whom the case is pending.
a. Complaint
b. Attachment
c. Preliminary Injunction
d. Adjudication
12. It is considered as crime as an act against the state.
a. Retributive Justice
b. Lupong Tagapamayapa
c. Restorative Justice
d. Lupong Tagapagsundo
13. It is continue assessment of the all possible threats and threat groups.
a. Prevention
b. Preparation
c. Performance
d. Prediction
14. Involved the institution of passive and active security measures, as well as the remedy
or solution pf destabilizing.
a. Prevention
b. Preparation
c. Performance
d. Prediction
15. It is time allow the police assemble its resource and draw detailed plan its action.
a. Hostage -taker Perspective
b. Hostage Perspective
c. Police Perspective
d. Perspective
16. Determining desired results.
a. Establishing objective
b. Allocating resources
c. Scheduling
d. Establishing Priority
17. It is arriving and conclusion and judgment about results.
a. Motivating
b. Making decision
c. Selecting People
d. Delegating
18. He/she is engage in conversation with hostage -taker.
a. Negotiation Team Leader
b. Secondary Negotiation
 c. Intelligence Liaison
d. Primary Negotiator
19. Maintain a visual display of all information relevant to the negotiation.
a. Negotiation Team Leader
b. Primary Negotiator
c. Board Negotiator
d. Secondary Negotiator
20. Gives direct support to primary negotiator.
a. Negotiation Team Leader
b. Primary Negotiator
c. Board Negotiator
d. Secondary Negotiator
MODERATE TYPE:

21. Mercy and Wilma were sent to the barangay because they had a misunderstanding,
when they met Mercy did not lose to Wilma she always wanted him to win. What did
mercy do?
a. Avoiding
b. Accommodating
c. Competing
d. Compromising
22. Vilma and Rose were invited to the barangay but what happened was that they talked
calmly and when they decided they would settle down so that there would be no
conflict. What did Vilma and Rose do?
a. Collaborating
b. Accommodating
c. Competing
d. Compromising
23. Mark was assist Ana to reaching a voluntary agreement to dispute. Mark represent
as?
a. Arbitrator
b. Mediator
c. Mediation Party
d. Mediator and Arbitrator
24. Myrna appointed to render an award in dispute that is the subject of an agreement.
What did Myrna do?
a. Arbitrator
b. Mediator
c. Mediation Party
d. Mediator and Arbitrator
25. In a barangay experiencing an increase in petty crimes, the local officials decide to
implement a community policing program. How might this initiative positively
impact the barangay?
a. It will increase centralized control over law enforcement.
b. It might enhance collaboration between residents and law enforcement, fostering
a safer community.
c. It will likely discourage residents from reporting crimes due to fear.
d. It has no impact on crime rates as community policing is ineffective.
26. Rome ran over a child who is Mabeth’s son that result physical injury, Rome begged
Mabeth if it is possible not to bring the case to court and just talk about it, where can
they settle what happened?
a. Police Station
b. Katarungang Pamarangay
c. Court
d. All of the above
27. In a barangay, a dispute arises between two neighboring families over the boundaries
of their properties. The disagreement has escalated, and tensions are running high.
Both families are claiming ownership of a portion of land, and the conflict is affecting
the overall harmony of the community. Considering the scenario, what would be an
effective approach for the barangay officials to resolve the property dispute?
a. Ignoring the issue and letting the families settle it among themselves.
b. Suggesting legal action and involving external authorities.
c. Facilitating a mediation session to encourage dialogue and understanding.
d. Taking sides to expedite the resolution process.
28. A Lykah complains to the barangay officials about excessive noise from a
neighboring household, disrupting the peaceful atmosphere. The noisy neighbors
argue that it’s within their rights to enjoy their property. What can be do of barangay
officials?
a. Ignoring the complaint, as noise issues are subjective.
b. Asking the complaining resident to tolerate the noise for the sake of community
harmony.
c. Mediating a discussion between the two parties to find a compromise.
d. Immediately imposing fines on the noisy neighbors to deter future disruptions.
29. In Manila, there will be a hostage taking. PO1 Carl talked to the hostage taker so they
could have an agreement to release the hostage. What operation did PO1 Carl do?
a. Negotiation
b. Hostage Negotiation
c. Crisis Negotiation
d. London Syndrome
30. Wilma have a concern to her neighbor instead report to barangay she neglected her
own concern to satisfy the concern of the other person. What did Wilma do?
a. Collaborating
b. Accommodating
c. Competing
d. Compromising
31. What is the liability of ADR providers?
a. Shall have civil liability for act done in the performance of their official duties.
b. Shall have promote, developed and expand user of ADR in the private and public
sector.
c. Shall have made studies on and provide linkages for the development,
implementation, monitoring.
d. Shall have a liability for acts don in the performance of their official duties.
32. How many members should be Punong Barangay include in the list?
a. A minimum of 10 and maximum of 20 members
b. A minimum of 5 and maximum of 10 members
c. A maximum of 10 and minimum of 20
d. A minimum of 20 and maximum of 30 members
33. In the context of retributive justice, what is the primary objective of imposing
punishment for a criminal act?
a. Rehabilitation of the offender.
b. Restitution to the victim.
c. Deterrence and prevention of future crimes.
d. Addressing the root causes of criminal behavior.
34. What is a fundamental principle of restorative justice?
a. Punishing offenders through imprisonment
b. Repairing harm and rebuilding relationships
c. Focusing on revenge and retaliation
d. Emphasizing the severity of punishment
35. In the context of restorative justice in the Philippines, what role does the “Lupong
Tagapamayapa” play?
a. Enforcing punitive measures on offenders
b. Facilitating dialogue and resolution in community disputes
c. Representing the accused in legal proceedings
d. Advocating for the rights of victims
36. How can organizations minimize the impact of a crisis?
a. By immediately halting all operations.
b. By ignoring the crisis until it resolves itself.
c. By isolating the crisis and not informing stakeholders.
d. By communicating promptly and transparently.
37. Are the lupon members entitled to some compensation?
a. Yes, due their duties is related to government, it should have compensation
b. No, because due their duties related to government they responsibility to secure
and to protect the community.
c. Yes, it should have because it is their job and they give sacrifice to protect their
community so that should repay the good service they did.
d. It depends, because if the barangay have enough funds to give them
compensation and also according to CHED, the two daughters of sons of Lupon
are qualified to become a state scholar in tertiary education.
38. How shall the Pangkat Organize?
a. 4 members constituting the pangkat shall elect from among themselves the
chairman and the secretary.
b. 5 members constituting the pangkat shall elect from among themselves the
chairman and the secretary.
c. 6 members constituting the pangkat shall elect from among themselves the
chairman and the secretary.
d. 7 members constituting the pangkat shall elect from among themselves the
chairman and the secretary.
39. Can be arbitration award be repudiation?
a. Yes, arbitration award can repudiated, The remedy an arbitration any cannot file
to the any court
b. No, The remedy against an arbitration award is to file with the appropriate
Municipal Trial Court a petition within 10 days from the date
c. Yes,
d. No.
40. What is the first step in crisis management?
a. Denying that a crisis exists
b. Developing a crisis response plan.
c. Ignoring the crisis
 d. Blaming others for the crisis.
41. What is the role of a mediator in a dispute resolution process?
a. To act as a judge and decide the outcome of the dispute.
b. To represent one of the parties in the dispute.
c. To facilitate communication between the parties and help them reach an
agreement.
d. To investigate the facts of the dispute and make recommendations for a
resolution.
42. How can organizations overcome the ethical challenges in crisis management?
a. By developing a strong ethical culture
b. By training employees in ethical decision-making
c. By establishing clear ethical guidelines
d. All of the above
43. Aside the Alternative Dispute Resolution System, The court may also conduct
Judicial Dispute Resolution. What is the first step process to be observed in
conducting ADR?
a. Before, trial, the judge may refer the case to the mediation center for conciliation,
mediation or arbitration.
b. If there is no settlement, the judge conduct judicial dispute resolution.
c. The judge conduct trial to determine the guilt of the accuse
d. Non of these.
44. After identifying the member of lupon, what are the next step?
a. The barangay captain, shall prepare a notice to constitute the lupon using KP
form.
b. The barangay officials, shall prepare a notice to constitute the lupon using KP
form.
c. The barangay secretary, shall prepare a notice to constitute the lupon using KP
form.
d. All of these
45. How shall the vacancies in the Pangkat be filled up?
a. Shall be chosen by the barangay officials to a dispute from among Lupong
members.
b. Shall be chosen by the barangay secretary to a dispute from among Lupong
members.
c. Shall be chosen by the parties to a dispute from among Lupong members.
d. Shall be chosen by the community to a dispute from among Lupong members.
46. What is the first procedure to be followed for settlement of disputes at Barangay
level?
a. The complainant Complaint orally or in writing to the lupon chairman of said
barangay
b. Those involving actual resident of different barangays within the same city or
municipal be brought.
c. All disputes involving properties or any interest
d. To contending parties are employed or at institution where such parties.
47. Lina wants to report Riza because of Riza’s debt to Lyn, Riza lives in another place
but Lina wants Riza to be barangay. If Lina has filed a complaint in the Barangay,
which city or municipality should the hearing be held?
a. Everywhere in the Municipality as long as not in the barangay of both parties.
b. To the barangay of Lina, because he is the one who complained, it should be
done in the city or municipal barangay of Lina.
 c. To the Barangay of Riza, because Rizza is the one being complained about,
Rizza’s city or municipality should conduct the hearing and not be biased.
d. It depends in both parties.
48. May any of the parties repudiated the agreement to arbitrate?
a. Yes, any party may repudiated the agreement to arbitrate but the must do within 5
days from the date of execution.
b. No, parties cannot repudiated the agreement because the parties decide to filed
and not allowed to execution.
c. Yes.
d. No.
49. What are the benefits of dispute resolution?
a. It can help to preserve relationships
b. It can help to save time and money
c. It can help to avoid the negative consequences of litigation
d. All of the above
50. Who shall issue Certification to file action?
a. The Lupon Secretary
b. The Lupon Official
c. The Punong Barangay
d. Both A and V
HARD TYPE:

51. How shall parties submit their dispute for arbitration?

a. The parties may submit their dispute only to the lupon secretary for arbitration by
entering into hand written agreement to arbitrate.
b. The parties may submit their dispute to the lupon members for arbitration by
entering into computerize agreement arbitrate.
c. The parties may submit their dispute to the lupon chairman for arbitration by
entering into written agreement arbitrate.
d. It depends to the parties.
52. How shall an arbitrator award be repudiated?
a. An arbitration award may be enforce by execution to the Lupon within 6 months
from the date lf the settlement.
b. An arbitration award may be enforce by execution to the Lupon within 7 months
from the date lf the settlement.
c. An arbitration award may be enforce by execution to the Lupon within 8 months
from the date lf the settlement.
d. An arbitration award may be enforce by execution to the Lupon within 9 months
from the date lf the settlement.
53. What is the difference between the restorative justice and Retributive Justice?
a. Restorative justice is a emphasize the adversarial relationship while the
retributive Justice is focuses on the consequences of offender’s behavior
b. Restorative justice is focuses past by determining the person to be blamed form
the crime committed, while the Retributive Justice is a focuses on the future to
determine in matter to be considered so that the crime will not be repeated
c. Restorative justice is consider crime as both individual and social responsibility,
while the Retributive Justice considered as an individual act with individual
responsibility.
d. All of the above
54. Sources of power in negotiation process.
I. Information
II. Less need
III. Empathy
IV. Commitment
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. II, III, and IV
c. I, II, and IV
d. I, III, and IV
55. Following are the usually negotiable in hostage taking, except:
a. Transportation
b. Ransom or money
c. Foods
d. Jewelry
56. What is the function of OADR?
a. To certify those who have successful completed the regular professional training.
b. To monitor, study, evaluate the use of ADR by the private and public sector for
purpose of among others, policy formulation.
c. To accept donations, grant and other assistance from local and foreign sources
d. To exercise such power as may be necessary and proper to carry into effect the
provision of the ADR act.
57. When and how the punong barangay constitute the lupon?
a. Which shall include the names of the proposed member who have expressed their
willingness.
b. Which shall includes the name of the propose members due to voluntary.
c. Which shall include the name of the propose member due to the people who
nominate.
d. All lf the above
58. Who are qualified being members of lupon?
a. Possessing integrity, security of community, sense of fairness and reputation.
b. Expressly disqualified by law
c. Actually residing or working in the barangay.
d. None of the above
59. Which one is the function of Lupong Tagapamayapa?
a. Is a conciliation panel consulted for each dispute brought before to the lupon.
b. Should the parties fail to agree to member on the pangkat membership.
c. Exercise administered supervision over the conciliation panel provided by law.
d. Serves as the primary planning and implementing unit government policies,
planning, and activities to the community.
60. Following are the Retributive Justice approach focused on determining, except:
a. What law was broken.
b. Who broke it
c. How shall offender to be punish
d. Who is responsible for repairing harm
61. Lima Syndrome is abductors develops sympathy for their hostage, while the London
Syndrome is hostage express adulation and have positive feeling towards their captors
that appear irrational in light of danger
a. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
b. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
c. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
d. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
62. What the chronological order of five conflict resolution strategies?
I. Accommodating
II. Avoiding
III. Compromising
IV. Collaborating
V. Competing
a. I, II, III, IV, and IV
b. II, V, 1, IV, and III
c. V, IV, III, II, and I
d. III, I, V, II, and IV
63. What is Republic act 9285?
a. Act of Establishing a System of Amicably Dispute and Barangay level.
b. Alternative Dispute Resolution act of 2004
c. Dispute Resolution and Crisis Management act
d. None of these
64. It Katarungang Pambarangay how many components there in?
a. 3 components
b. 5 components
c. 7 components
d. 10 components
65. What is the difference between mediation and arbitration?
a. Mediation is a voluntary process while arbitration is a compulsory process.
b. Mediation is conducted by a neutral third party while arbitration is conducted by
a judge.
c. Mediation is confidential while arbitration is public.
d. Mediation is less expensive than arbitration.
66. What is the role of social media in crisis management?
a. It can be used to communicate with stakeholders
b. It can be used to monitor the spread of information about a crisis
c. It can be used to identify potential threats to the organization
d. All of the above
67. What are the 5P’s Crisis Management Model?
a. Prediction, Proof, preparation, Performance, and Pre- Action.
b. Prediction, Profit, preparation, Performance, and Pre- Action.
c. Prediction, Prevention, preparation, Performance, and post- Action.
d. Prediction, Prevention, Proof, Practice, and post- Action.
68. What is a potential risk associated with forceful interventions in hostage situations
within the context of crisis management?
a. Rapid resolution without harm to hostages.
b. Escalating violence and harm to hostages.
c. Immediate surrender of the hostage-taker.
d. Limited media coverage and public attention.
69. In Hostage-taking situations, what role does negotiation often play in crisis
management?
a. It helps build rapport and explore potential solutions.
b. is unnecessary and counterproductive.
c. It delays the resolution process and should be avoided.
d. Negotiation is solely the responsibility of law enforcement.
70. What are the six steps to continue a lupon?
I. Oath taking of lupon
II. Posting ng notice to constitute lupon
 III. Appointment of lupon
IV. Preparing a notice to constitute the lupon
V. Determine the actual number of lupon members
VI. Posting
a. I, IV, III, VI, V, and II
b. V, IV, II, I, III, and VI
c. III, II, IV, V, I, and VI
d. V, IV, II, III, 1, and VI
71. In crisis management, what distinguishes integrative bargaining from distributive
bargaining in the context of dispute resolution?
a. Integrative bargaining focuses on achieving a win-win outcome, while
distributive bargaining seeks to maximize individual gains.
b. Distributive bargaining aims for mutually beneficial solutions, while integrative
bargaining emphasizes zero-sum outcomes.
c. Both integrative and distributive bargaining aim for competitive solutions.
d. Integrative bargaining involves positional bargaining, while distributive
bargaining involves interest-based negotiation.
72. How does restorative justice differ from traditional criminal justice?
a. Restorative justice focuses on punishment, while traditional criminal justice
emphasizes rehabilitation.
b. Restorative justice aims to isolate offenders, while traditional criminal justice
seeks to reintegrate them into society.
c. Restorative justice disregards the needs of the victim, while traditional criminal
justice prioritizes victim support.
d. Restorative justice involves the community, while traditional criminal justice
only includes the legal system.
73. Which party is typically involved in restorative justice processes?
a. Prosecution and defense
b. Judge and defendant
c. Victim, offender, and community
d. Police and victim
74. What is the main goal of restorative justice?
a. Promoting community healing and reconciliation
b. Reformation of the offender
c. Ensuring punishment for the offender
d. Protecting the rights of the victim
75. What are the ground wherein the mediator may refuse and withdraw?
I. Mediator does not have the qualifications, training and experience to enable
him/her to meet the reasonable Expectation of the problems
II. Where the mediator’s impartially is in question.
III. Continuation of the process would violate any ethical standards.
IV. The mediator is unable to provide effective service.
a. IV, III, II, and I
b. I, II, and IV
c. I, II, III, and IV
d. I, III, and IV
76. What is the main purpose of ethical guidelines for mediators?
a. To limit the mediator’s authority and power.
b. To ensure the mediator’s personal gain from the mediation process.
c. To promote trust, fairness, and confidentiality in the mediation process .
d. To protect the mediator’s interests in the resolution of the conflict.
77. Mediation Party is a process to assist person who conduct mediation, while the
Mediation is a person who participate in a mediation and whose consent is necessary
to resolve dispute.
a. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
b. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
c. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
d. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
78. Following are the cases wherein RA 9285 does not apply, except:
a. Civil Status of court
b. Validity of marriage
c. Law can be compromised
d. Criminal liability
79. What is the power of OADR?
I. To conduct seminar, symposia and conference and publish proceedings
activities.
II. To accept donations, grants, and other assistance for training certification.
III. To compile and publish ADR, who have undergo ODR
IV. To exercise such power as may be necessary and proper to carry into effect of
provisions of the ADR act
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, III, and IV
c. I, II, and IV
d. II only
80. Which of the following is a key principle of ethical conduct for mediators?
a. Ignoring the concerns of the parties involved
b. Manipulating the negotiations in favor of a specific outcome
c. Acting with integrity and impartiality
d. Favoring one party over another
81. Following are the cases under the Katarungang Pambarangay, except:
a. Alarm and scandals
b. Using false certificate
c. Less serious physical
d. Illegal Possession of fire arms
82. In Restorative Justice, what role do victims play in the resolution process?
a. Victims have no involvement in the process.
b. Victims actively participate in decision-making and dialogue.
c. Victims solely provide testimony during court proceedings.
d. Victims serve as mediators between offenders and authorities.
83. How does Restorative Justice view the community’s role in the justice process?
a. As irrelevant to the resolution of crimes.
b. As passive observers with no active involvement.
c. As active participants in promoting healing and accountability.
d. As solely responsible for punitive measures.
84. When it comes to crisis management, which of the following is an effective
communication strategy during a crisis?
a. Being transparent and proactive
b. Denying the existence of the crisis
c. Blaming others for the crisis
d. Avoiding any communication until the crisis is resolved.
85. When it comes to crisis management, which of the following is an effective
response strategy for a company?
a. Downplaying the severity of the crisis.
b. Providing clear and timely information to stakeholders
c. Firing the employees responsible for the crisis.
d. Denying any wrongdoing or responsibility for the crisis.
86. Which of the following is a disadvantage of arbitration as a dispute resolution
method?
a. It is difficult to enforce the arbitrator’s decision.
b. The process can be time-consuming and expensive.
c. The parties have less control over the outcome compared to litigation.
d. The arbitrator’s decision is not legally binding.
87. During a crisis, which of the following is an effective strategy for managing public
relations?
a. Blaming external factors for the crisis.
b. Providing vague and ambiguous information to avoid creating panic.
c. Ignoring media inquiries and refusing to comment on the situation.
d. Being transparent and open with the public.
88. When it comes to crisis management, which of the following is an effective strategy
for reducing the impact of a crisis on a company’s reputation?
a. Preventing any media coverage of the crisis.
b. Providing timely and accurate information to stakeholders.
c. Denying any responsibility for the crisis.
d. Avoiding any external communication until the crisis is resolved.
89. In the context of dispute resolution, which of the following is a disadvantage of
conciliation as a method?
a. The process does not involve a third party.
b. It is a time-consuming and expensive process.
c. The decision reached may not be mutually acceptable to both parties.
d. It relies heavily on the court system for enforcement.
90. If urgent legal action is needed to prevent further injustice in a dispute, it is referred
to as an?
a. Dire dispute
b. Pressing dispute
c. Expedited dispute
d. Compelling dispute
91. What is a characteristic of the Four-Stage Model in crisis management?
a. It disregards the importance of preparedness.
b. It follows a linear progression of stages: mitigation, preparedness, response, and
recovery.
c. It is primarily focused on individual decision-making rather than organizational
response.
d. It underestimates the importance of communication during crises.
92. What are the four Negotiation stages and critical tasks?
a. Preliminary stages, Closing stages, Exploratory stage, Conclusion stages.
b. Preliminary stages, Pre- Post stages, Explaining stage, Conclusion stages.
c. Final stages, Opening stages, Exploratory stage, Conclusion stages.
d. Preliminary stages, Solution stages, Exploratory stage, Conclusion stages.
93. What is the significance of a well-coordinated response team in managing a hostage
situation?
a. It creates chaos and confusion, aiding the negotiation process.
 b. A well-coordinated response team is unnecessary in hostage situations.
c. It enhances the chances of a safe and successful resolution.
d. Coordination is solely the responsibility of law enforcement leadership.
94. What is a crucial consideration in the use of force during a hostage situation?
a. Employing force immediately to show strength.
b. Minimizing harm to hostages and prioritizing their safety.
c. Ignoring the need for force as it rarely leads to resolution.
d. Relying solely on negotiations without any show of force.
95. In managing a hostage situation, what is a primary goal of communication with the
hostage-taker?
a. Aggressive negotiation to force a surrender.
b. Establishing empathy and building rapport.
c. Ignoring communication until a tactical team intervenes.
d. Making threats to intimidate the hostage-taker.
96. What are potential advantages of having a mediator in dispute resolution?
a. Introducing bias and favoritism into the resolution process.
b. Fostering open communication and understanding between parties.
c. Lengthening the resolution process by adding unnecessary steps.
d. All of the above
97. What should be the priorities in managing a hostage-taking situation?
a. Prioritize negotiation over the safety of hostages.
b. Prioritize immediate use of force to end the situation swiftly.
c. Prioritize the safety and well-being of hostages.
d. Prioritize media communication to control public perception.
98. What is a fundamental component of a basic plan for managing most physical
situations in crisis management?
a. Prioritizing individual decision-making over collective response.
b. Establishing clear communication channels and protocols.
c. Ignoring the need for a designated crisis management team.
d. Relying solely on external authorities for intervention.
99. Complaint is plaintiff awhile the respondent is defendant.
a. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
b. Statement no 1 true, Statement no 2 is false
c. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is false
d. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 1 is true
100. Following are the justification of introducing Restorative Justice, except
a. The victim of a crime may not pursue a criminal case against the perpetrator
because of lack support from the government.
b. The suspect who are actually fall guys may be convicted they have no money to
spend
c. A trial of a case may take a very period of month not with standing the presence
of the speedy trial act.
d. The criminal case may be dismissed because of insufficiency evidence
References:

Rufino, C. D. (2023). Dispute Resolution and Crisis Management.

J.V Carmen (2022). Criminology 6 dispute resolution and crises incidents management.

(n.d.). Studocu. https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-saint-louis/bs-

management-accounting/criminology-6-dispute-resolution-and-crises-incidents-

management/30882133
 CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 AND 2

EASY TYPE:

1. It is systematic process of collecting and analyzing information of collecting and

analyzing information to increase our understanding of phenomenon study.
a. Thesis
b. Criminological Research
c. Research
d. Analyzing
2. To describe systematically a situation or area of interest factually and accurately.
a. Historical Method
b. Descriptive Method
c. Casual
d. Experimental Method
3. It is to reconstruct the past objectively and accurately, often in relation to tenability of
a hypothesis.
a. Historical Method
b. Descriptive Method
c. Casual
d. Experimental Method
4. To know of interest “what is”, typically employs questionnaire and interviews to
determine attitude, opinion, preference and perception of interest.
a. Interview
b. Action Research
c. Survey
d. Evaluation
5. Precise the measurements and reporting pf the characteristics of the population of
phenomenon.
a. Explanation
b. Exploration
c. Hypothesis
d. Description
6. It is used to internal and label unobtrusive psychological process the account for the
behavior.
a. Dependent
b. Sampling
c. Intervening
d. Respondent
7. Sample is selected through simple random process.
a. Systematic sampling
b. Random sampling
c. Stratified sampling
d. Simple Clusters Sampling
8. It is selecting representative sample according to your subjective.
a. Quota sampling
b. Accidental sampling
c. Judgment sampling
d. Multistage sampling
9. It is the detail in information sufficient to pinpoint problems or opportunities.
a. Actionable
b. Time bound
c. Measurable
d. Specific
10. Study lf crime correlated to with antecedent variables, state of crime trend.
a. Crimes research
b. Criminological Research
c. Criminological Thesis
d. Thesis
11. Tis section describes the extent of the study including the parameters evaluated.
a. Statement of the problem
b. Objective of the study
c. Introduction
d. Scope and Limitation
12. It is specific procedures or technique used to identify, select, process, and analyze
information about a topic.
a. Participants lf the study
b. Methodology
c. Research design
d. RRL
13. Identify and describe who are the respondents participated in the study.
a. Participant of the study
b. Respondents of the study
c. Survey participants
d. None of the above
14. Involve collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand, concept, opinion,
or experience.
a. Quantitative Research
b. Research design
c. Qualitative design
d. Correlation research
15. One of the major technique in gathering data.
a. Evaluation
b. Survey
c. Questionnaire
d. Interview
16. It is a section of participant through referral by previously selected participant or
person who have access to potential participants.
a. Purposive sampling
b. Accidental sampling
c. Snowball sampling
d. Stratified sampling
17. Formal plan specifying a sampling method, a sample, and produce for recruiting
participant.
a. Non probability sampling
b. Sampling plan
c. Probability sampling
d. Accidental sampling
18. It is the structure that can hold or support a theory of research study.
a. Hypothesis
b. Conceptual framework
c. Methodology
d. Theoretical framework
19. It helps establish a relationship between two closely connected variables.
a. Experimental research
b. Qualitative research
c. Correlation research
d. Quantitative research
20. Diagrammatic representation of conceptual framework.
a. Diagrams
b. Variable
c. Paradigm
d. Hypothesis
MODERATE TYPE:

21. Marie conduct an a survey at Cavite State University Campus in Bachelor Science in
Criminology but only in 1st years students.
a. Pure random sampling
b. Systematic sampling
c. Probability sampling
d. Non probability sampling
22. Rigor make a survey that indicate the age, sex, and birthdate.
a. Research Instrument
b. Questionnaire
c. Recognition type
d. Recall type
23. Even if farm production is good, if the attitude towards payment is negative, loan
payment would be low, whereas, if the attitude towards payment is positive or
favorable, loan repayment would be high.
a. Medling Variables
b. Independent Variables
c. Dependent Variables
d. Variables
24. A study is on the relationship of study habits and academic performance of CVSU
College students. What do you think the dependent variable describe in the example?
a. CVSU College students
b. Study habits
c. Academic Performance
d. Study is on the relationship of study habits.
25. Study is on the relationship of study habits and academic performance of CVSU
College students. What do you think the independent variable describe in the
example?
a. CVSU College students
b. Study habits
c. Academic Performance
d. Study is on the relationship of study habits
26. Jahnna and her members in research want to understand why people experience in
this situation, so that Jahnna and her groupmates want to experience of what people
experience.
a. Dynamic System
b. Emphatic neutrality
c. Personal contact and insight
d. Naturalistic inquiry
27. The researcher conduct interview, he contact and get closed to the people or situation
and must have the researcher experience.
a. Dynamic System
b. Emphatic neutrality
c. Personal contact and insight
d. Naturalistic inquiry
28. Lans and his groupmates conduct research that must have survey.
a. Quantitative research
b. Qualitative research
c. Criminological research
d. Research
29. Respondent give statement of equality between group in an investigation.
a. Hypothesis
b. Alternative Hypothesis
c. Null Hypothesis
d. One tailed hypothesis
30. The behavior modification program of rehabilitation and the education and training
program of rehabilitation differ significantly in the reformation of PDL’S.
a. Hypothesis
b. Alternative Hypothesis
c. Null Hypothesis
d. One tailed hypothesis
31. What is the primary objective of developing a criminological framework?
a. To develop new methods for prosecuting white-collar crimes.
b. To create a database of notorious criminal cases.
c. To establish guidelines for police interrogation techniques.
d. To provide a systematic approach for studying criminal behavior.
32. Which area is a major focus of criminological research?
a. The psychological profiles of famous criminals.
b. The impact of celebrity culture on crime rates.
c. The history of detective work in law enforcement.
d. Social and environmental factors influencing criminal behavior.
33. What are the two main types of criminological research?
a. Quantitative and qualitative
b. Basic and applied
c. Theoretical and empirical
d. Descriptive and explanatory
34. What is the most common type of quantitative criminological research?
a. Survey research
b. Experimental research
c. Observational research
d. Archival research
35. What is the most common type of qualitative criminological research?
a. In-depth interviews
b. Focus groups
c. Ethnography
d. Participant observation
36. What is the process of deducing a hypothesis from a theory called?
a. Induction
b. Deduction
c. Abduction
d. Falsification
37. What is the process of testing a hypothesis called?
a. Hypothesis testing
b. Data analysis
c. Interpretation
d. Replication
38. What is the goal of criminological research?
a. To discover the causes of crime
b. To develop theories of criminal behavior
c. To evaluate the effectiveness of crime prevention programs
d. All of the above
39. What should be done after a research objective has been identified?
a. Develop a research question
b. Conduct a literature review
c. Draft a research proposal
d. Collect data for the research
40. What should be included in a research proposal?
a. The research objective
b. The research question
c. The methodology to be used
d. The expected outcomes of the research
41. Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable?
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Income
d. All of the above
42. Which of the following is NOT a type of variable commonly used in research?
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Extraneous variable
d. Controlled variable
43. What is the purpose of a research hypothesis?
a. To provide a framework for the research study.
b. To predict the outcome of the research study.
c. To guide the selection of research methods.
d. All of the above
44. Which of the following is NOT a type of research hypothesis?
a. Descriptive hypothesis
b. Explanatory hypothesis
c. Inferential hypothesis
d. Null hypothesis
45. Once the paper is approved by the panel of examiner during the proposal of defense.
It is now time for gathering and collection.
a. Analytical Phase
b. Design Phase
c. Dissemination
d. Empirical Phase
e. Conceptualize Phase
46. In the preliminary concepts of research, After Conceptualization what should be
next?
a. It is time of formulating research plan.
b. It is time for data gathering collection.
c. It is time to making sense pf the data gathered.
d. It is time to finding of the must be disseminate.
47. In the preliminary concepts of research, When after paper is approved by panel of
examiners during the proposal or oral defense what should be next?
a. It is time of formulating research plan.
b. It is time for data gathering collection.
c. It is time to making sense pf the data gathered.
d. It is time to finding of the must be disseminate.
48. When Jp making a literature but there’s something wrong to his literature and he find
that have conflict to his literature.
a. Blankspot
b. Conceptual literature
c. Blindspot
d. Gray literature
49. “Rehabilitation Programs and Reformation of PDL’S”. In the field of the study, the
example describe of?
a. Major Concept Encounter
b. Sub fields
c. Area of interest
d. Possible topics
50. It is use of Researchers to attempt to isolate the factors or major variables that cause
problem, subject and phenomenon under investigation.
a. Hypothesis
b. Process
c. IPO model
d. Output
HARD TYPE:

51. What is the purpose of reviewing the literature in the conceptualization phase?
a. To explore the existing knowledge on the research topic
b. To identify gaps in the literature
c. To develop a research hypothesis
d. All of the above
52. What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
a. The independent variable is the cause and the dependent variable is the effect.
b. The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher and the dependent
variable is observed.
c. The independent variable is qualitative and the dependent variable is quantitative
 d. The independent variable is controlled and the dependent variable is not
controlled
53. What is the primary objective of the conceptualization phase in research?
a. To identify the research problem
b. To develop a research hypothesis
c. collect and analyze data
d. To draw conclusions and make recommendations
54. Which of the following is NOT a step typically involved in the conceptualization
phase of research?
a. Defining the research problem
b. Reviewing the literature
c. Designing a questionnaire
d. Selecting a research method
55. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of operationalizing concepts in research?
a. To make abstract concepts measurable.
b. To increase the reliability of the research findings.
c. To facilitate the collection and analysis of data.
d. To communicate the research findings to others.
56. What should a research objective do?
a. Provide a clear direction for the research
b. Outline the methods to be used
c. The results of the research
d. Draw conclusions from the research
57. Which of the following is a good way to identify a research problem?
a. Brainstorming
b. Interviewing experts in the field
c. Conducting a literature review
d. All of the above
58. What should be included in a research proposal?
a. The research objective
b. The research question
c. The methodology to be used.
d. The expected outcomes of the research.
59. What is the difference between theoretical Framework and Conceptual Framework?
a. Theoretical Framework refers to the factor and variables not to be included in the
investigation, while the Conceptual Framework refers to the weakness and short
coming lf the study or those which cannot be don be researcher.
b. Theoretical Framework refers to the weakness and short coming lf the study or
those which cannot be don be researcher while the Conceptual Framework refers
to the factor and variables not to be included in the investigation.
c. Theoretical Framework refers to the theory that a researchers chooses to guide the
researcher, while the Conceptual Framework refers to synthesis or integration of
the theories and existing view in the literature or studies.
d. Theoretical Framework refers to synthesis or integration of the theories and
existing view in the literature or studies, while the Conceptual Framework refers
to the theory that a researchers chooses to guide the researcher.
60. The following are some helpful guidelines in formulating the statement of the
problem, except:
a. Arrange the specific problem in logical order.
b. Refrain using the problem question answerable by true of false.
c. State the problem specifically using grammatical correct language lf research.
 d. Each problem must be in an interrogative form.
61. In making Definition of terms in research, what are the following helpful guidelines?
I. Arrange the terms alphabetically.
II. Indent the term to be fined and end it with a period.
III. Proper in-text citation or footnoting must be used, making sire that sources are
cited and spelled correctly.
IV. Capitalize only the first letter of the term to be defined.
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, III, and V
c. I,II, and IV
d. II, III, and IV
62. What is the importance of conducting a literature review?
a. To identify existing research on the topic.
b. To identify synthesis in the research.
c. To develop a Conceptual Framework for the research.
d. All of the above
63. Which of the following is a good way to ensure that a research objective is
achievable?
a. Make sure the objective is narrow and focused.
b. Make sure the objective is realistic and attainable.
c. Make sure the objective is relevant to the field of study.
d. All of the above.
64. Conceptual Literature these are concept and non research like laws, proposition,
news, while the Research Literature is the actual researcher published in different
reputable journal.
a. Statement no 1false, Statement no 2 is true
b. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
c. Statement no 1 false and Statement no 2 true
d. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 false

65. The following are the factors that make a good hypothesis, except:
a. Posit a relationship or difference between variable
b. Be testable
c. Be accurate
d. Reflect a theory or a body of literature upon which they are based.
66. Following are the rule of stating hypothesis, except:
I. Are usually stated in the null from of “no difference”
II. Should include a very clear and objectives distinction as low the hypothesize
variable are to be investigated.
III. Should be very well formulated and relevant to the main problem of the study
IV. State the equality between group of an investigation
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, III, and IV
c. II, III, and IV
d. I, II, and IV
67. Non directional hypothesis. It is state the presence of different or relation, while the
Directional Alternative Hypothesis is reflect or emphasize a different o relation
between groups.
a. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
b. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
c. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
 d. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 false
68. Research paper, means?
a. It is an essay when you explain what you have learned after exploring your topic.
b. It is an essay which your topic explore, to resolve the problems.
c. It is an essay of empirical observation that can be use accumulate information.
d. All of the above.
69. Following are the goals of research, except:
a. Achievement of good life
b. Improvement of observation
c. Satisfaction of man’s craving for more understanding.
d. Relief suffering
70. Which of the following is NOT a weakness of quantitative research?
a. It can be expensive and time-consuming.
b. It can be difficult to generalize the results to a larger population.
c. It can be difficult to control for all of the variables that may affect the results.
d. It can provide detailed and objective data.
71. What is the primary purpose of determining a research design?
a. To select the appropriate data collection method
b. To identify the research problem.
c. To analyze the data
d. To draw conclusions from the results.
72. What is the main difference between an experimental and a non-experimental design?
a. Experimental designs involve manipulation of variables, while non-experimental
designs do not.
b. Experimental designs are used to test hypotheses, while non-experimental
designs are used to explore relationships between variables.
c. Experimental designs are more rigorous than non-experimental designs.
d. Experimental designs are always quantitative, while non-experimental designs
can be either quantitative or qualitative.
73. Which of the following is NOT a type of sampling method?
a. Probability sampling
b. Non-probability sampling
c. Convenience sampling
d. Quota sampling
74. What is the difference between a dependent and an independent variable?
a. The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured, while the
independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated.
b. The dependent variable is the variable that is being caused by the independent
variable.
c. The dependent variable is always quantitative, while the independent variable
can be either quantitative or qualitative.
d. All of the above
75. What is the importance of sampling in research?
a. To reduce the cost of the study.
b. To ensure that the results of the study are generalizable to the population of
interest.
c. To speed up the data collection process.
d. All of the above
76. Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when selecting a research design?
a. The research question
b. The available resources
 c. The researcher’s personal preferences.
d. The researcher’s expertise
77. What is the first step in identifying a research objective?
a. Identifying a need for research
b. Stating the research objective
c. a research instrument
d. Conducting a pilot study
78. What should be avoided when stating a research objective?
a. Using vague or general terms
b. Using jargon or technical terms
c. Using biased or subjective language
d. All of the above
79. What is the difference between a research objective and a research question?
a. A research objective is broader than a research question.
b. A research question is broader than a research objective.
c. A research objective is more specific than a research question.
d. There is no difference between a research objective and a research question
80. Main objective must be in line with the research title, while the Specific objective
came up next which are derived from the variable in the research paradigm.
a. Statement no 1 is true, Statement no 2 is false
b. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 is true
c. Statement no 1 is false, Statement no 2 is true
d. Both Statement no 1 and Statement no 2 false
81. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of conducting criminological research?
a. It can help to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement.
b. It can help to reduce crime rates.
c. It can help to create new jobs.
d. It can help to increase public awareness of crime.
82. Which of the following is a limitation of conducting criminological research?
a. It can be time-consuming and expensive.
b. It can be difficult to obtain accurate data.
c. It can be difficult to generalize the findings of a study to a larger population.
d. All of the above
83. What are some common challenges faced by researchers in the process of developing
a research proposal?
a. Identifying a suitable research topic.
b. Conducting a comprehensive literature review.
c. Developing a strong research hypothesis.
d. All of the above.
84. What is the primary purpose of the research proposal?
a. To demonstrate the researcher’s understanding of the research topic.
b. To secure funding for the research project.
c. To provide a detailed plan for the research project.
d. To inform the research community of the researcher’s findings.
85. What is the purpose of a literature review?
a. To gain an in-depth understanding of the research topic.
b. To identify gaps in the research literature.
c. To develop a research hypothesis.
d. To select a research method.
86. What is the significance of the research proposal?
a. It demonstrates the researcher’s understanding of the research topic.
b. It helps secure funding for the research project.
c. It provides a detailed plan for the research project.
d. All of the above.
87. What is the role of the research method in the research proposal?
a. To describe how the research will be conducted.
b. To justify the researcher’s choice of research topic.
c. To provide a detailed plan for the research project.
d. To evaluate the research findings.
88. What are some best practices for writing a research proposal?
a. Clearly and concise state the research problem and hypothesis.
b. Provide a detailed description of the research method.
c. Justify the choice of research title and method.
d. All of the above.
89. What is the final step in the research proposal process?
a. Submitting the proposal to the funding agency or research committee.
b. Conducting the research project.
c. Analyzing the research data.
d. Writing the research report.
90. What is a research problem?
a. A question or issue that requires investigation.
b. A statement of the researcher’ s hypothesis.
c. A description of the research method.
d. A summary of the research findings.
91. Why quantitative studies are replicable?
a. Because most reliable and valid way conducting result, giving way to a new
hypothesis or providing it.
b. Because it allow study to be replicated different areas or overtime.
c. Because it is useful for testing the result gained by a series of qualitative
experiments.
d. Because it is employing statistically valid random model, finding can be
generalize to the population
92. What is the initial step in the research proposal process?
a. Conducting a literature review.
b. Identifying a research problem.
c. Developing a research hypothesis.
d. Selecting a research method.
93. What are some limitations of criminological research?
a. Ethical concerns
b. All of the above
c. Limited generalizability of findings
d. Sample biases
94. Set of hypothesis may be formulated, which one is the best helpful guidelines?
a. Clearly identify specific and measurable variables in each hypothesis.
b. Each problem must be in an interrogative form.
c. Specific problem must be logical order
d. All of the above
95. Common statistical tools:
I. For sample size, solving formula
II. For reliability test, split half method
III. Test lf accurately
a. I, II, and III
b. III only
c. I and II
d. I only
96. Which one is the source of measurement error?
a. Environmental factors
b. Behavioral factors
c. Problem factors
d. Relation factors
97. What is the Advantages of close ended questions?
a. It can be use when all possible answer and categories.
b. The answer are much easier to code.
c. These allow the respondent to answer inadequate.
d. It can be use where there are too many potential answer categories.
98. What are the Smart Marketing Objective?
a. Specific, measurable, actionable, relevant, time bound
b. Specific, Scale, actionable, smart, time bound
c. Specific, measurable, introduction, relevant, time bound
d. Specific, measurable, actionable, relevant, timeliness
99. Question: What is a common limitation of self-report surveys in criminological
research?
a. They provide objective and verifiable data.
b. Respondents may provide inaccurate or biased information.
c. They are expensive and time-consuming.
d. They only focus on specific types of crimes.
100. What is a potential limitation of semi-structured interviews in research?
a. Limited flexibility in adapting questions based on responses.
b. Difficulty in establishing rapport with participants
c. Lack of standardized data collection.
d. Inability to capture nuanced, qualitative insights.

References:

Ms. Silkie C. Tuguinay, MSCJ

Mangeline, M. (n.d.). Notes for Criminological research and statistics.

Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/431238415/Notes-for-Criminological-

Research-and-Statistics