International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications
ISSN (Online): 2581-6187
The Utilization of Coffee Husk Waste as a
Eucalyptus Plantation Media for the Post-
Mining Reclamation
Putra Taupan A.1, Rejo A.2, Windusari Y.3
1
Environmental Management Program, Graduate School, Universitas Sriwijaya
2 Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya
Email address: aminrejo@unsri.ac.id
Abstract— The Eucalyptus plant (Melaleuca cajuputi) is useful Muara Enim Regency is one of the largest coffee
as a producer of essential oils and is able to live in extreme producing areas in Indonesia. Since this area is a coffee-
areas such as post-mining land. PT Bukit Asam Tbk (PTBA) producing region, a lot of coffee skin waste is produced. Until
has produced this plant in large quantities to meet the needs of now, this material has not been utilized optimally by the
seeds to be planted in the reclamation area of a former mine farmers even though it has a great deal of potential as a raw
by providing bocation fertilizer. The purpose of this study is to material for organic fertilizer. With this large quantity and
find the composition of a mixture of top soil and coffe husk potential, coffee husk waste is predicted to be able to
waste for the growth of the seedlings. Based on the result of substitute the rice husks or other organic raw materials to become
data analyzed based on Analysis of Varians (ANOVA), it is compost or planting media used for plant nurseries.
known that the research’s results have a real infleunce so the From the explanation above, this study will examine the
BNT test was included for the further research. effect of giving coffee fruit skin into planting media on the growth
rate of Eucalyptus seedling in PT Bukit Asam Tbk Nursery.
Keywords— coffee fruit skin, eucalyptus, , planting media
II. METHOD
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Place and Time
PT Bukit Asam Tbk, hereinafter abbreviated as PTBA
is one of the State-Owned Enterprises under Indonesia Mining The research was carried out at Nursery location of PT
Industry Holding (MIND ID) which operates in the coal Bukit Asam Tbk Tanjung Enim Mining Unit from September
mining sector, uses an open pit mining system as its to October 2023.
production activities. The operational areas of PT Bukit Asam B. Tools and Materials
Tbk located in Tanjung Enim, Lawang Kidul Sub-district, The tools used in the research are a stationary, tallysheet,
Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatera with 3 IUP areas. The camera, ruler, drill, small shovel, and a pair of scales. As the
IUP areas are Tambang Air Laya (TAL) IUP, MTB IUP, and materials, this research used eucalyptus plant seedling seeds,
Banko Barat IUP. water, polybags, soil, coffee fruit skin, and labels.
An open pit mining’s system can cause an environment
change. According to a chemical matter, environmental C. Research’s Plan
changes have a direct impact to groundwater and surface The treatment that studied was a total planting media
water. The environmental changes also causing a physical composition of 6.25 kg. This research was planned in a
change in morphology and topography. Besides the chemical Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) with 5 treatments and 5
and physical impact, the environmental changes can cause repetitions so there were 25 experimental units. The research
micro climate changes because of the change in wind velocity, plan is presented below.
flora and fauna’s disruption, also resulting denuded land
K2U1 P2U1 K1U1 P3U1 P1U1
opening that reduce soil’s productivities. (Listiyani, 2017)
When carrying out revegetation activities through K1U2 K2U2 P2U2 P1U2 P3U2
planting and maintaining plants, it is necessary to make sure P1U3 P3U3 K2U3 P2U3 K1U3
that the seeds are in a prime conditions to ensure that the
reclamation plants can live and grow well according to the P2U4 P1U4 P3U4 K1U4 K2U4
planned targets. To meet the nutrient requirements needed by
P3U5 K1U5 P1U5 K2U5 P2U5
plants, during sowing, the planting medium must be made with
topsoil’s soil and organic materials such as compost fertilizers
or rice husks. However, the production of Kayu putih
seedlings has begun to be hampered by a shortage of organic
material, especially composite fertilizer.
Putra Taupan. A, Rejo. A, Windusari. Y, “The Utilization of Coffee Husk Waste as a Eucalyptus Plantation Media for the Post-Mining
Reclamation,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. xx-xx, 2018.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications
ISSN (Online): 2581-6187
D. Work Procedure TABLE I. Initial soil chemical and physical properties
No Soil Properties Unit Analysis Criteria
The work procedures that will be carried out in this Result
1 Soil Fractions
research are described in the following explanation.
Sand % 56,4
1. Seedling Preparation Dust % 18
The eucalyptus seedlings used in the research have a ±3 cm Clay % 25,6
height that come from seeds sown in the nursery. Eucalyptus 2 Texture Class - - Sandy clay
3 Temperature C 29C Fine
seeds come from the environmental work unit of PT Bukit
4 pH - 4,83 Acidic
Asam Tbk in the nursery section.
5 N-total % 0,10 Very low
2. Planting Media Preparation 6 P-exist (P2O5) mg kg-1 11,6 High
The planting media used in the research are coffee fruit skin 7 K-exist (K2O) cmol kg-1 0,13 Very low
and soil with a composition according to the treatment method. 8 Mn mg kg-1 12 Low
3. Coffee Husk Addition B. Plant’s Height
Coffee husk waste were added to the soil according to the
Eucalyptus plant height measurements were carried out
dosage for each treatment.
once a week, starting from the beginning of planting until the
4. Plantation 4th week after planted. There were 25 experimental units from
Eucalyptus (Melaleuca cajuputi) seedlings are ready to be 5 treatments and 5 repetitions. This research uses data on
transplanted, characterized by a seedling height of ± 3 cm and changes in plant height or delta data from the beginning of
are ± 2 weeks old. Eucalyptus (Melaleuca cajuputi) seedlings planting until the 4th week after planting activities. The
are ready to be transplanted when they reach a 3 cm height and research used data on the changes of plant’s height or delta
are 2 weeks old. The activity of weaning eucalyptus seedlings data from the start of planting until the 4th week after planting
is carried out when it has reached a size of ± 3 cm. activity. The data tested is not absolute data, as the purpose is
to figure out whether there was a significant increase in the
5. Plant Care and Maintenance plant height. Height is the vertical growth of plants which
The plant care and maintenance activities that have been varies each day. The treatment with the highest plant growth is
carried out in this research are watering and weeds cleaning. P2, where Eucalyptus plants grew around 17,02 cm in 4 (four)
Plants are watered when there is a little or no rain in the weeks.
morning or evening. Cleaning the weeds around plants or From the results of Table 4.4 in the attachment, it is known
planting media where weeds grow is done manually. that the value of F> F(α;k-1;k(n-1)). This shows that H0 is
6. Observation rejected, which means there is a real influence from providing
The activity begins by observing the physical and chemical coffee husk waste as a growing medium for eucalyptus plants.
properties of the initial soil as well as the pH scale, The results of this research are in accordance with research by
temperature, and nutrient content. Then proceed with observing Hartati et.al., (2019) which states that the use of coffee husk
the growth in height and increase in the number of leaves of waste at different doses has an effect on the height of Vigna
eucalyptus plants for 4 weeks or 28 days. sinensis L. plants, compared to media without coffee husk
compost (control). This is proven by the results of the analysis
7. Variables or F test on the height of the Vigna sinensis L. plant at the age
This research will observe 3 (three) variables, namely: 1) of 2 weeks after being given coffee husk compost, showing a
Plant height from the root collar to the tip of the plant, 2) F value of 8.13 > F Table (4.07), while at the age of the plant
Number of new leaves; and 3) Physical and chemical 4 weeks after giving the husk compost. coffee showed an F
properties of the soil. count value of 7.99 > F Table (4.07) and the 6th week after
giving coffee husk compost showed an Fcount of 14.34 > F
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Table (4.07).
A. The Analysis of Chemical and Physical Properties of Soil TABLE II. The effect of treatment to the plant’s height
According to soil’s physical and chemical properties on the Treatment Plant’s height (cm)
Table 1, the analysis show the results in the form of a soil Control 10,10
texture with the criteria for a sandy clay texture class, where P1 15,10
P2 17,02
the percentage of sand is 56.4%, 18% for dust, and 25.6% clay.
P3 8,74
Soil texture is one of the factors that influence a soil’s fertility.
P4 6,42
To determine the influence of adding coffee husk waste as a
growth medium for eucalyptus plants, the Beda Nyata Terkecil
Putra Taupan. A, Rejo. A, Windusari. Y, “The Utilization of Coffee Husk Waste as a Eucalyptus Plantation Media for the Post-Mining
Reclamation,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. xx-xx, 2018.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications
ISSN (Online): 2581-6187
(BNT test) was performed. The results of the BNT test can be
seen in table 4.5 in the attachment, The results reveal that the TABLE IV. pH value, Temperatures, and Nutriens
N-total P-exist (mg K-exist Mn Temperature
BNT test value from one treatment to the next is quite Treatments pH
(%) kg-1) (cmol kg-1) (mg kg-1) (C)
K (100% soil) 4,9 0,11 13,97 0,18 14,4 30
different. It can also be seen that P2 is the most optimal P1 (25% coffee
4,9 0,1 14,18 0,32 14 32
treatment, this is because the test value in treatment 3 shows husk + 75% soil)
P2 (50% coffee
the highest value. husk + 50% soil)
5 0,14 14,2 0,53 8,5 33
P3 (75% coffee
According to Lakitan (2011), significant results in the husk + 25% soil)
5 0,12 14,56 0,64 9,3 34
height growth of coffee seedlings can be supported by the P4 (100% coffee
husk)
5 0,18 14,71 0,72 7,8 33
availability of nutrients needed by the plants so that plant
growth is not hampered and is maximized. It is also stated that The soil pH value (soil reaction) is the degree or level
the plants who receive the N nutrient according to their needs of acidity or alkalinity of the soil, which is measured on a pH
will grow tall and have wide leaves (Falahudin et al., 2016). scale ranging from 0 to 14. The availability of soil nutrients
C. Number of Leaves to meet plant demands is greatly influenced by pH. Soil pH
Eucalyptus plant height measurements were carried out can affect plant development indirectly by influencing
once a week starting from the beginning of planting until the nutrient availability and the activity of living organisms in the
4th week after planting. There were 25 experimental units from soil.
5 treatments and 5 repetitions. This research uses data on In conditions of high soil pH, macro nutrients are
changes in the number of plant’s leaves from the beginning of frequently found. On the contrary, the high soil acidity result
planting until the 4th week after they were planted. The data in low macro nutrients, which can activate amphotic metals
tested aims to determine whether there was an increase in the such as Al, Fe and Mn which are toxic to plants (Risnah et
number of plant leaves observed through this study's treatment. al., 2013). The liming activities can be used as an alternative
The treatment that had a highest influence was P2 where the to increase the pH value of the soil so it can fulfill the plant’s
number of leaves increased by around 19 over 4 (four) weeks. nutrient requirements. Because nutrient availability is closely
One of the factors that influences the variation in the related to the pH value of the soil. It is necessary to check the
number of leaves on eucalyptus plants is the quality of the soil. pH value of the soil to determine whether the soil pH is
Table III. in the attachment explained that the dose treatment suitable for planting eucalyptus plants.
has a significant effect on the number of leaves. This is shown Coal mining activities have a serious impact on
by the results of F> from F table. Therefore, the analysis of the ecological sustainability. The process of stripping topsoil
effect of giving coffee skin waste needs to be continued using results in the loss of primary macronutrients needed by
the Least Significant Difference test (BNT test). plants. In line with research by Ma et al., (2019) where the
upper layer has a lot of materials as the main source of
storage and exchange of nutrients, so it can influence plant
TABLE III. The effect of treatment to the number of leaves growth through nutrient availability.
Treatment Number of leaves
Control 13,40
P1 15,40 IV. CONCLUSIONS
P2 19,00 Based on the results of research on the use of coffee
P3 13,60 husk waste as a growing medium for eucalyptus plants in the
P4 8,40 context of reclamation of post-mining land, there are 2 (two)
conclusions, namely:
The BNT test was carried out to determine the amount of 1) The composition of the media has a significant effect on
influence of adding coffee husk waste as a growth medium for plant height and number of leaves of eucalyptus (Melaleuca
eucalyptus plants. The results of the BNT test in Table IV, cajuputi) seedlings. The best composition for growing plant
where most of the treatments show significantly different height and increasing the number of leaves is 1:1 (for soil and
results. It can also be seen that treatment 3 is the best treatment, coffee skin).
given that the test value in treatment 3 is the highest of all. 2) The treatment has an effect on improving the physical and
chemical properties of the soil which maintains and increases
D. Chemical Properties of Soil (pH, temperature, and the soil porosity, pH value, also the availability of Nitrogen,
nutrient) Phosphorus, and Potassium elements in the planting medium.
The observations of soil pH values were carried out with
composite soil samples from 5 treatments and 5
repetitionsThe soil pH value was measured once, at the end
of the observation period, in the fourth week. The comparison
of soil pH values in the treatments is presented in table iv.
Putra Taupan. A, Rejo. A, Windusari. Y, “The Utilization of Coffee Husk Waste as a Eucalyptus Plantation Media for the Post-Mining
Reclamation,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. xx-xx, 2018.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications
ISSN (Online): 2581-6187
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Putra Taupan. A, Rejo. A, Windusari. Y, “The Utilization of Coffee Husk Waste as a Eucalyptus Plantation Media for the Post-Mining
Reclamation,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. xx-xx, 2018.
