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FAILURE OF MATERIALS IN MECHANICAL DESIGN, Chapter 8 dwells upon the concept of cumulative damage
J. A. Collins John Wiley & Sons, New York (1981) 628 pp. life prediction and fracture control. The author expounds
$39.95 upon the various cumulative damage theories i.e., Marco-
Starkey, Henry, Gatts, Cortin-Dolan, Marin and Manson
REVIEWED BY H. SAUNDERS double linear rule. The chapter concludes with fracture
mechanics approach to crack propagation, damage tolerance
Failure of metals still exists in our midst. This problem has and fracture control. This chapter fascinated the reviewer
been around for many a year and yet no full explanation who found it very digestable.
exists. We have made great strides in understanding its many Chapter 9 reports upon the use of statistics in fatigue
component parts but the path is still strewn with a number of analysis. The various aspects of statistical design are con-
obstacles. Fatigue consists of a number of different facets sidered, i.e., sampling, population distribution, confidence
which require a combined effort of analysis and ex- limits, properties of good estimation and sizes for design
perimentation. This unique book covers a number of different confidence. These topics are explained in simple terms and
members of the fatigue family and goes into detail on a made understandable to the mechanical designer.
number of them.
The book consists of 17 chapters, each chock full of in- Chapter 10, although short in pages, treats fatigue testing
formation. and statistical interpretation of data. The author mentions
contact stress level, probit method (response of survival
The initial chapter considers the role of failure prevention method), Prot method and staircase method. A great deal of
in mechanical design and provides some of the prime design information packed in very few pages.
objectives. Chapter 2 discusses the various modes of
mechanical failure. Chapter 3 is the heart of the book and Chapter 11 discloses the various aspects concerning low
treats the strength and deformation of engineering materials. cycle fatigue. The basic concepts are introduced via Coffin-
This includes elastic and plastic response, fracture and a good Manson (CM) equation. The author developes various
section on dislocation theory. The author touches upon elastic constants used in the CM equation. Loading spectrum for
fracture and elasto-plastic fracture mechanics. No mention is short performance occupies a very concise section. This leads
made of J integral which is an important aspect of plastic to the well-known rainflow method concept. The reviewer
fracture mechanics. Chapter 4 treats state of stress and believes this section is too concise and more coverage should
various parts making up this important concept. Chapter 5 have been given to a basic understanding of the effect of
focusses upon relationships between stress and strain. The frequency in low-cycle fatigue plus an illustrative example
author illustrates the relationships between elastic and plastic showing the use of the rainflow method in determining mean
stress-strain. (static) stresses.
The author then spends time in developing the combined Chapter 12 considers stress concentration and provides a
stress theories of failure. This includes the maximum normal basic understanding of the common geometries. It does in-
stress theory, Tresca-Guest theory, Beltrami theory, Von- clude a double stress concentration which is a welcome ad-
Mises Hencky (distortion energy) theory and Mohr's failure dition. The chapter concludes with notch sensitivity and Kj
theory. This is a very well "put-together" chapter, concise but (fatigue reduction factor). An excellent example is fully ex-
informative. plained and shows Kj applied to a uniaxial state of stress. The
reviewer would have preferred seeing an application of
Chapter 7, the most lengthiest, treats high cycle fatigue. combined alternating and mean stresses using either a
Beginning with the nature of fatigue and fatigue loading, it Goodman or Gerber diagram.
progresses to S/N relationships and the various factors which
affect the S/N curves. This includes geometrical con- Chapter 13 focusses upon a "hot" subject, i.e., creep,
siderations, size effects, residual stress effects with brief stress rupture in fatigue. Beginning with the initial stages of
mention of corrosion and fretting. We next delve into nonzero creep, the author progresses to various methods of deter-
mean stress and multiaxial fatigue stresses. The chapter mining creep. The Larson-Miller and Manson-Haferd
concludes with the uses of the various components of parameters are initially considered we then encounter the
multiaxial fatigue stresses as applied to fatigue stresses. This uniaxial and multiaxial state of stress and cumulative creep
is an excellent chapter and should be read by all concerned concepts. Considering the allocated number of pages, the
parties. author provides an admirable account of the latter. This
chapter "makes" good reading as an introduction to the more
advanced aspects of creep and stress rupture.
Chapter 14 exposes fretting, fretting fatigue and fretting
wear in a very favorable light. Fretting is not fully com-
prehended by designers. The author introduces fretting by
exploring the more important variables which play an im-
1
General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. 12345. portant role. We continue with fretting fatigue and their
Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology JANUARY 1984, Vol. 106/107
Copyright © 1984 by ASME
combinations having good, intermediate and poor fretting chemical or electrochemical interaction with the environment.
corrosion resistence. The chapter concludes with a brief In summary this is an excellent book. It contains a number
summary preventing or minimizing fretting damage. of excellent examples which furnish better understanding of
Chapter 15 introduces shock and impact. This includes the principles of fatigue. The reviewer believes that the
stress wave propagation, stress wave behavior, spalling and reference stress method (RSM) in creep and an increased
effect of stress and stress concentration under impact loading section on stress concentrations would greatly enhance the
conditions. A good chapter but mention should have been book. By including a section on vibration, this should
given to acoustic fatigue of panels. augument the shock and impact chapter. This book impressed
Chapter 16 considers buckling and instability whereas the the reviewer by its "down to earth" explanations plus the
concluding chapter elaborates upon previous considerations accompanying examples and recommends it to all readers. It
given to wear and corrosion. Although brief, the author belongs on the shelf or desktop of all mechanical designers
explains the various factors which cause corrosion, i.e., and material people.
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108 / Vol. 106, JANUARY 1984 Transactions of the ASME
