CONTENTS
❑ History of Internet and Web
❑ Protocols Governing Web
❑ Writing Web Projects
❑ Web Development Strategies
INTERNET
It is an utility connecting localized computer networks with computer networks that extend across a
wider area, like a region or a continent.
- The term 'Internet' comes out of the concept of 'internetworking'
- Two recent adaptations of the Internet technology are: Intranet and Extranet.
a) Intranet :
It is an internal private network built within an organization using
Internet and WWW standards that allows employees of an organization
to gain access to corporate information.
b) Extranet :
A network that is accessible only to the members of
organization and external members with logins.
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
• The Internet grew out of many developments in computer networking and telecommunications research.
• Early projects undertaken in early 1960’s by the US military (known as DARPAnet).
• Started with a dozen of Networked computer systems of universities and institutions, allowing computers
to be shared.
• Only people in the government, military and academic had access to the network.
• In 1991, the National Science Foundation (NFS) allowed commercial access to the internet.
• With this, all kinds of agencies began to use the Internet to communicate, exchange data and distribute
information.
** ISPs are required now ***
ISP (Internet Service Provider):
- It is a company that provides individuals and other companies access to the Internet and
other related services such as Web site development and hosting (web site storage).
- The larger ISPs have their own high-speed leased lines and can provide better
service to their customers.
✓ Commercial ones out there:
www.aol.com, join.msn.com,
www.NetZero.com, www.Guno.com, …
World-Wide Web (WWW):
The WWW is a pair of s/w applications, which allow both distribution of and access to
information on the Internet.
- The web is not the Internet but a means of distributing and accessing the information that
is available on it.
History of the WWW -Introduced in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (Geneva)
- It makes information instantly and conveniently available to
anyone with a connection.
- Communities can stay in touch with one another.
- Researchers can learn of scientific and academic
breakthroughs worldwide.
PROTOCOLS GOVERNING WEB
A protocol is a set of rules that is used to communicate applications to each other.
List of Protocols:
a) TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ):
• Set of protocols allow computers to share resources across a network.
• TCP/IP
• They provide a few basic services (file transfer, electronic mail, remote logon, etc…)
• UDP across a network.
• FTP • It is connection-oriented protocol and stateful protocol
• HTTP
• SMTP
• Telnet b) UDP: is a simple, connectionless alternative to TCP ;
used in many Internet applications that require only simple query/response
c) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- It is the standard used to transfer files over the Internet.
- It is Stateful protocol.
cont…
d) HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol):
• It is the set of rules for exchanging files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other
multimedia files) on the WWW.
• It is a Stateless Protocol, means request is considered as the new request. In other words,
server doesn't recognize the user by default.
• It is a request response protocol. It uses the reliable TCP connections by default on TCP
port 80.
Methods of HTTP
HTTP Request Description
GET Asks to get the resource at the requested URL.
POST It is like GET request with extra info sent with the request.
HEAD Asks for only the header part of whatever a GET would return. Just like GET but with no body.
TRACE Asks for the loopback of the request message, for testing or troubleshooting.
PUT Says to put the enclosed info (the body) at the requested URL.
DELETE Says to delete the resource at the requested URL.
OPTIONS Asks for a list of the HTTP methods to which the thing at the request URL can respond
e) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
It is the standard protocol used to exchange Internet mail between TCP/IP
hosts. “Message Handling Systems”
f) Telnet :
Telnet lets you remotely log into another system and browse files and
directories on that remote system
WEB PROJECTS
Web project development is different from other software developments projects in terms of
• Development time is much smaller ( 3 to 6 months).
• Team of Web projects changes on project basis.
• Rapid changing technologies.
Project mission statement Write the specific mission statement that you want to do.
Phases of web projects: Identify Objectives Specific, Measurable , Attainable , Realistic v. Time limited
Identify your target users This is totally depend upon i. Market research ii. Focus group
iii. Understanding the audiences
Determine the scope By supporting documents and client’s approval.
Budget i. Assumption for budgets. ii. Budget categories. iii. Determine
hidden costs and tools.
Planning issues i. Discuss client’s existing information system. ii. Project
team & developing infrastructure. iii. Where to place website
Differences between Web Project and Traditional project
Web Project Traditional Project
Attractive GUI GUI not good-looking
Functionality is public oriented Functionality is defined to an organization
beta technologies are used mature technologies are used
Web Project
vs. Globally usable hence less secured More secured
Traditional project
A pricing model does not exist A pricing model exists
Team members are less specialized Team roles are more specialized
After completion, changes possible After completion, no frequent changes
Clients are often the unwilling to bear Clients takes all the expenses related to
the costs of web development project development
Project manager has the full Various managers at different levels have the
responsibility of project responsibility of project development
WEB TEAM
• There can be two types of Web Teams.
• Service side
Service side web teams are hired by a company to develop a web site
• Client side
Client side web teams are part of the company that is putting together the web site.
Be it on the service side or the client side, the web team should have:
- Strong strategic components
- Strong content management
- Production process and IT component.
CORE TEAM MEMBERS
EXTENDED TEAM MEMBERS
• Projects Manager
• Technical Leader • Account manager
• Web Production Specialist • Programmer
• Creative Header • Network Engineer
• Designers • Information Architect
• Production Artist • Copy Writer
• Quality Assurance Leader • Tester
WEB DEVELOPMENT
- Refers to building website and deploying on the web.
- Requires use of scripting languages both at the server end as well as at client end.
Web Development Process
1) Strategy: 2) Design and Specification: 3) Produced desired Result:
• Goals and objectives • Developing concept • Build prototype
• Team building • Content planning • Prototype testing
• Research and review • Rough design • Original design
• Project proposal • Final design • Satisfy the clients need
5) Register with ISP:
4) Testing and maintenance: • Register domain name
• Test the code • Get web space
• Maintain the web server
6) Launch:
• Connect domain name with web server
• Finally host the web accordingly.
