Ver. 4.

0 Mar-2009

MFK1-FA / CS4 / CSL

MFK1-A / CS4 / CSL

MFK1-FB

MFK1-B

User’s Guide

Modular system for measuring magnetic susceptibility,

anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility,
and temperature variation of magnetic susceptibility.

AGICO
Advanced Geoscience Instruments Co.
Brno
Czech Republic
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Contents

INTRODUCTION TO THE USER’S GUIDE................................................................................................................. 4

PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4
WARRANTY......................................................................................................................................................................... 6

GENERAL SAFETY SUMMARY................................................................................................................................... 7

Convention..................................................................................................................................................................7
Injury Precautions...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Product Damage Precautions.................................................................................................................................... 8

GETTING STARTED........................................................................................................................................................ 9
MFK1-FA, FB, A, B DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................................... 9
MFK1 SPECIFICATIONS...................................................................................................................................................... 11
CS4 / CSL DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................................... 13
CS4 / CSL SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................................................................13
EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY...................................................................................................................................... 14
UNPACKING INSTRUCTIONS
STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION.......................................................................................................................................... 15

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES................................................................................................................................. 16
Choosing the place................................................................................................................................................... 16
Interconnection of Units........................................................................................................................................... 16
Connection Kappabridge to computer..................................................................................................................... 18
Testing the magnetic environment ...........................................................................................................................19

OPERATING BASICS.....................................................................................................................................................20
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN MENU............................................................................................................................... 21

MEASURING OF AMS – STATIC SPECIMEN METHOD............................................................................................................... 22

Function Key 1 Dir 15 .........................................................................................................................................22
Static specimen measuring positions .......................................................................................................................23
Function Key 2 Corr .............................................................................................................................................26
Function Key 5 Eval ............................................................................................................................................. 26

MEASURING OF AMS – SPINNING SPECIMEN METHOD............................................................................................................ 31

Spinning specimen measuring positions and laboratory marking........................................................................... 32
Function Key 1 Ax1 ...............................................................................................................................................33
Function Key 2 Ax2 ...............................................................................................................................................34
Function Key 3 Ax3 ...............................................................................................................................................34
Function Key 4 Tsus3 ............................................................................................................................................34
Function Key 5 Field .............................................................................................................................................34
Function Key 5 Eval .............................................................................................................................................. 35
Function Key 6 ActVol or Mass ...........................................................................................................................39
Function Key 7 Help ............................................................................................................................................. 39
Function Key 9 Kill ................................................................................................................................................39
Function Key 10 Aux ...............................................................................................................................................39
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE AUXILIARY MENU........................................................................................................................ 40

Function AuxKey 1 Bsus Bulk Susceptibility ................................................................................................... 41

Function AuxKey 2 Acmd Auxiliary Commands ................................................................................................43
AuxKey 2 CStd Calibration Standard ............................................................................................... 44
AuxKey 2 Orpar Orientation Parameters ............................................................................................44
AuxKey 2 Anfac Anisotropy Factors ..................................................................................................45
AuxKey 2 Vol Set Volume Mode ......................................................................................................45
AuxKey 2 Mass Set Mass Mode ......................................................................................................... 45
AuxKey 2 Sigma Standard Error ......................................................................................................... 46
AuxKey 2 List Parameters List ........................................................................................................ 46
Function AuxKey 3 Cal Calibration ............................................................................................................... 47
Function AuxKey 4 Hol Holder Correction .................................................................................................... 49
Function AuxKey 5 Field Set Field ................................................................................................................... 50
Function AuxKey 6 ActVol Actual Volume .......................................................................................................... 50
Function AuxKey 6 Mass Actual Mass .............................................................................................................. 50
Function AuxKey 7 Help Help Page .................................................................................................................50
Function AuxKey 8 Freq Set Frequency ...........................................................................................................51
Function AuxKey 9 Kill ........................................................................................................................................51
Function AuxKey 10 Main ..................................................................................................................................... 51

APPENDICES...................................................................................................................................................................52
LIST OF MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY FACTORS.............................................................................................................................53
STRUCTURES OF DATA FILES...............................................................................................................................................54
Structure of Standard AMS File............................................................................................................................... 55
Structure of Geological Data File........................................................................................................................... 56
SELECTION OF COORDINATE SYSTEMS.................................................................................................................................. 57
GEOLOGICAL LOCALITY DATA............................................................................................................................................. 58

MAINTENANCE..............................................................................................................................................................59
Cleaning the Holders and Rotator........................................................................................................................... 59
Cleaning the Rotator and Belt – MFK versions FA and A.....................................................................................60
Rotator assembling – MFK versions FA and A.......................................................................................................61
Cleaning the Up/Down Mechanism..........................................................................................................................62
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Introduction to the User’s Guide

Thank you for purchasing magnetic susceptibility meter AGICO Kappabridge MFK1
series.

Kappabridge and its optional accessories represent modular system designed for
measurement of magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy in variable fields and
optionally at three different frequencies. In conjunction with furnace or cryostat
apparatus, also for measurement of temperature variation of magnetic susceptibility.

Preface
The User’s Guide is divided into two parts.

❐ The Part 1, Kappabridges MFK1-FA, FB, A, B, contains general common

information, description and specifications of individual modules, and describes
the capabilities of the system. The attention is focused on measurement of
anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and automatic field variation
measurement using the Kappabridges MFK1-FA or MFK1-A equipped with an
up-down mechanism and a rotator for spinning specimen measurement method.
The options MFK1-FB or MFK1-B are intended for AMS measurement using
static specimen method with manual holder (15 directions method) and manual
holder susceptibility measurement of individual specimens and/or field variation.

❐ The Part 2, Apparatus CS4 / CSL, describes the measurement of temperature

variation of magnetic susceptibility using the high temperature furnace CS4 and
low temperature cryostat CSL.
 5

KAPPABRIDGE
MFK1-FA
MFK1-A
MFK1-FB
MFK1-B

User’s Manual

Instrument for measuring magnetic susceptibility

and its anisotropy in variable fields at three frequencies

AGICO
Advanced Geoscience Instruments Co.
Brno
Czech Republic
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Warranty
AGICO warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and
workmanship for a period of usually 1 (one) year from date of installation. However, if
the installation is performed later than 3 (three) months after the date of shipment due to
causes on side of Customer, the warranty period begins three months after the date of
shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, AGICO, at
its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labour, or
will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify AGICO of the
defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for
the performance of service. AGICO will decide if the repair is to be performed by
AGICO technician or AGICO delegated serviceman in customers laboratory, or product
shall be sent for repair to the manufacturer. In latter case, customer shall be responsible
for packaging and shipping the defective product to the AGICO service centre. In both
cases, all the costs related to a warranty repair shall be at expenses of AGICO.

The warranty becomes invalid if the Customer modifies the instrument or fails to follow
the operating instructions, in case of failure caused by improper use or improper or
inadequate maintenance and care, or if the Customer attempts to install the instrument
without explicit written permission of AGICO company. AGICO shall not be obligated
to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by
personnel other than AGICO representatives to install, repair or service the product; b)
to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment;
or c) to service a product that has been modified or integrated with other products when
the effect of such modification increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product.

This warranty is given by AGICO with respect to this product in lieu of any other
warranties, expressed or implied. AGICO and its vendors disclaim any implied
warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. AGICO’s responsibility
to repair or replace defective products is the sole and exclusive remedy provided to the
Customer for breach of this warranty. AGICO and its vendors will not be liable for any
indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages irrespective of whether AGICO
or vendor has advance notice of the possibility of such damages.
 7

General Safety Summary

Review the following safety precautions to avoid and prevent damage to this product or
any products connected to it.

Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.

Convention

Symbol Attention is used to draw attention to a particular information.

Symbol Prohibition is used to accent important instruction, omission of which

may cause lost of properties, damage or injury.

Injury Precautions
Use Proper Power Cord. To avoid fire hazard, use only the power cord specified for
this product.

Do Not Operate Without Covers. To avoid electric shock or fire hazard, do not
operate this product with covers or panels removed.

Fasten Connectors. Do not operate the instrument if all connectors are not properly
plugged and fixed by screws.

Do Not Operate in Wet / Damp Conditions. To avoid electric shock, do not operate
this product in wet or damp conditions.

Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere. To avoid injury or fire hazard, do not

operate this product in an explosive atmosphere.

Disconnect Power Source. To avoid risk of electric shock unplug the instrument from
mains before reinstalling or removing unit.
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Product Damage Precautions

Use Proper Power Source. Do not operate this product from a power source that
applies more than the voltage specified.

Use Proper Fuses only. Do not use fuses which are not specified by the manufacturer.
If a fuse with a different characteristics or value is used, the protection is not effective.

Operator’s Training. Operator should be familiar with operation of the instrument and
Safety Regulations.

Use Manufacturer’s Cables Only. Other devices can be connected to the instrument
via the appropriate cables only.

Do Not Disconnect Connectors. To avoid damage of the instrument never disconnect

any connector while the device is on.

Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect there is damage to this
product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel.
 9

Getting Started
In addition to a brief product description, this chapter covers the following topics:

❐ Specifications of Individual Modules.

❐ Declaration of Conformity.

❐ Unpacking Instructions.

❐ Storage and Transportation.

MFK1-FA, FB, A, B Description

The MFK1 Kappabridges are probably the most sensitive commercially available
laboratory instruments for measuring magnetic susceptibility and anisotropy of
magnetic susceptibility (AMS). The Kappabridges have the following features:

 High sensitivity.

 Automatic zeroing over the entire measuring range.

 Automatic compensation of both real and imaginary susceptibility components.

 Auto-ranging.

 Measuring at three different frequencies (version FA and FB).

 Measuring of in-phase and relative change of out-of-phase component.

 Slowly spinning specimen (version FA and A).

 Quick AMS measurement (FA and A).

 Easy manipulation.

 Automated field variation measurement (FA and A).

 Only three manual manipulations for measuring AMS (FA and A).

 Built-in circuitry for controlling the furnace CS4 and cryostat CSL.

 Full control by computer.

 Sophisticated hardware and software diagnostics.

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The Kappabridge apparatus consists of the Pick-Up Unit, Control Unit and Computer.
In principle the instrument represents a precision fully automatic inductivity bridge.
It is equipped with automatic zeroing system and automatic compensation of the
thermal drift of the bridge unbalance as well as automatic switching appropriate
measuring range. The measuring coils at frequency F1 are designed as 6th-order
compensated solenoids with a remarkably high field homogeneity. Special diagnostics
was embedded in MFK1 Kappabridges, which monitors important processes during
measurement with MFK1 and also with CS4 or CSL unit.

The digital part of the instrument is based on micro-electronic components, with

two microprocessors controlling all functions of the Kappabridge. The instrument
has no control knobs, it is fully controlled by external computer via serial channel RS-
232C. The main advantage of the new models MFK1-FA and MFK1-FB is the
possibility to measure bulk susceptibility and AMS at three different frequencies. The
auto-ranging and auto-zeroing work over the entire measuring range. Automatic zeroing
compensates real and imaginary components, the zeroing circuits are digitally controlled
by firmware. The output signal from pick-up coils is amplified, filtered and digitalized,
raw data are transferred directly to the computer which controls all the instrument
functions.

The MFK1-FB and MFK1-B versions measure the AMS of a static specimen fixed in
the manual holder. In the static method, the same as in KLY-2, KLY-3 and KLY-4
bridges, the specimen susceptibility is measured in 15 different orientations following
rotatable design. From these values six independent components of the susceptibility
tensor and statistical errors of its determination are calculated. The specimen positions
are changed manually during measurement.

The MFK1-FA and MFK1-A versions measure the AMS of a spinning specimen
fixed in the rotator. In the spinning method, the same as in KLY-3S and KLY-4S
bridges, the specimen rotates with small speed of 0.4 r.p.s. inside the coil, subsequently
about three axes. From these data, the deviatoric susceptibility tensor can be computed.
This tensor carries information only on anisotropic component of the specimens. For
obtaining complete susceptibility tensor one complementary measurement of bulk
susceptibility must be done. The zeroing of the bridge which works over the entire
measuring range enables to zero the bridge prior to the anisotropy measurement, after
inserting the specimen into the measuring coil. The ´background´ bulk susceptibility is
eliminated and the bridge measures only the susceptibility changes during specimen
rotation and thus the most sensitive range can be used. The result is high precision of
measurement and determination of principal directions of susceptibility tensor.

The specimen is adjusted only in three perpendicular positions. Thus the specimen
measurement time was dramatically shortened. The measurement is rapid, about two or
three minutes per specimen (depending on range), and precise, profiting from many
susceptibility determinations in each plane perpendicular to the axis of specimen
rotation. The static method of the measurement can also be used.

Software SAFYR combines the measurements in three perpendicular planes plus one
bulk value to calculate a complete susceptibility tensor. The errors in determination of
this tensor are estimated using a special method based on multivariate statistics
principle.
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MFK1 Specifications

Specimen Size1 Spinning Specimen2 Static Specimen3

Cylinder Diameter 25.4 mm (+0.2 , -1. 5) 25.4 mm (+1.0, -1.0)

Length 22.0 mm (+0.5 , -1. 5) 22.0 mm (+2.0, -2.0)

Cube 20 mm (+0.5 , -1. 5) 20 mm (+0.5 , -2.0)

Cube 23 mm (+0.5 , -2.0)
ODP box 26 x 25 x 19.5 mm3
Fragments (bulk. susc.) 40 cm3

Pick-up coil inner diameter 43 mm

Nominal specimen volume 10 cm3

Up/Down mechanism ver. FA and A yes spinning spec.

ver. FB and B no static spec.

Operating frequency ver. FA and FB F1: 976 Hz,

F2: 3904 Hz,
F3: 15616 Hz

ver. A and B F1: 976 Hz

Field intensity 2 Am-1 to 700 Am-1 peak at F1

2 Am-1 to 350 Am-1 peak at F2
2 Am-1 to 200 Am-1 peak at F3

Field homogeneity F1 and F2 0.5 %

F3 1%

Measuring range F1: 976 Hz 0 to 0.9 SI

F2: 3904 Hz 0 to 0.3 SI
F3: 15616 Hz 0 to 0.7 SI

Sensitivity: F1, 400 Am-1 peak, SI units 2 x 10-8

F2, 200 Am-1 peak, SI units 6 x 10-8
F3, 200 Am-1 peak, SI units 12 x 10-8

Operating temperature range + 15 to + 35 oC

Accuracy within one range 0.1 %

Accuracy of the range divider 0.3 %

1
Holders for specimens of slightly different size can be supplied on request.
2
MFK1 versions FA and A
3
MFK1 all versions
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Accuracy of the absolute calibration 3%

HF Electromagnetic Field Intensity Resistance 1 Vm-1

Power requirements 240, 230, 120, 100 V ±10 %, 50 / 60 Hz

Power consumption 40 VA

Relative humidity max. 80 %

Dimensions / Mass
MFK1 Control Unit 230 mm x 210 mm x 130 mm / 4 kg
MFK1 Pick-up Unit 280 mm x 355 mm x 320 mm / 11 kg
Rotator 320 mm x 70 mm x 65 mm / 1 kg
 13

CS4 / CSL Description

The CS4 and CSL (High/Low Temperature Apparatuses) have been designed for
measurement in connection with MFK1-FA or MFK1-A Kappabridges.

The CS4 High Temperature Furnace Apparatus is used for measurement of the
temperature variation of low-field magnetic susceptibility of minerals, rocks and
synthetic materials in the temperature range from ambient temperature to 700 oC. The
apparatus consists of non-magnetic furnace with a special platinum thermometer, CS4
temperature control unit, laboratory power supply EA-PS, cooling water reservoir with
pump, and argon flow meter. The specimen is placed in a measuring vessel which is
heated by a platinum wire in three selectable heating rates. The temperature is measured
by special platinum thermosensor. The protective argon atmosphere can be applied
during heating to prevent oxidation of measured specimen. In order to perform
susceptibility measurement at a chosen temperature range, the equipment moves the
furnace automatically into and out of the pick-up coil of the Kappabridge. The quasi-
continuous measurement process is fully automated, being controlled by the software.

The CSL Low Temperature Cryostat Apparatus is used for measurement of the
temperature variation of low-field magnetic susceptibility of minerals, rocks and
synthetic materials in the temperature range from minus 192 oC to ambient temperature.
The apparatus consists of non-magnetic cryostat with a special platinum thermosensor,
CS4 temperature control unit and laboratory power supply EA-PS. The specimen is
placed in a measuring vessel which is cooled inside the cryostat by liquid nitrogen and
then heated spontaneously to a given temperature. The argon gas is needed for
deplenishing the liquid nitrogen out of cryostat. Temperature is measured by platinum
thermosensor. The quasi-continuous measurement process, after cooling the specimen,
is fully automated, being controlled by the software.

CS4 / CSL Specifications

Maximum specimen volume (fragments or powder) 0.25 cm3
Inner diameter of measuring vessel 6.5 mm
Sensitivity to susceptibility changes (976 Hz, 400 Am-1) 1 x 10 -7 SI
Temperature range CS4 ambient temperature to 700 oC
Temperature range CSL -192 oC to ambient temperature
Accuracy of temperature sensor ± 2 oC, see also IEC 751- Pt100
Argon gas flow requirement (protect atmosphere) approx. 100 ml min-1
Amount of liquid nitrogen (cooling cryostat) approx. 0.25 l for one cooling
Power requirements 240, 230, 120, 100 V ±10 %, 50 / 60 Hz
Power consumption 350 VA
Dimensions / Mass
Temperature control unit 230 mm x 190 mm x 130 mm / 1.7 kg
Laboratory power supply EA-PS 310 mm x 240 mm x 130 mm / 8 kg
Water container with Pump 380 mm x 380 mm x 700 mm / 2 kg (without water)
Argon flow meter 32 mm x 32 mm x 140 mm / 1 kg
Furnace/Cryostat diameter 60 mm, length 220 mm / 0.5 kg
 14

EC Declaration of Conformity
We,

AGICO, s.r.o., Ječná 29a, CZ - 621 00 Brno, IČO 607 313 54,

declare that the product:

Name: Modular system for measuring magnetic susceptibility, anisotropy of

magnetic susceptibility and temperature variation of magnetic susceptibility.

Modulus Type: MFK1 indicator of susceptibility and its anisotropy at

variable fields,

Modifications: MFK1-FA indicator of susceptibility and anisotropy of

susceptibility at 3 frequencies, with rotating sample,

MFK1-A indicator of susceptibility and anisotropy of

susceptibility with rotating sample,

MFK1-FB indicator of susceptibility and anisotropy of

susceptibility at 3 frequencies,

MFK1-B indicator of susceptibility and anisotropy of

susceptibility,

Modulus Type: CS4 indicator of temperature variation of susceptibility

from room temperature to 700 oC,

Modulus Type: CSL indicator of temperature variation of susceptibility

from –192 oC to room temperature,

Manufacturer: AGICO, s.r.o., Ječná 29a, CZ - 621 00 Brno, IČO 607 313 54

Place of producing: AGICO, s.r.o., Ječná 29a, CZ - 621 00 Brno, IČO 607 313 54

fulfils the applicable requirements of following regulations / normative documents and technical
specifications:
ČSN EN 55022 class B EN 55022:1998, ČSN EN 55022:1999 + A1:2001 + A2:2001 + Z2:2001
ČSN EN 61326-1 for basic requirements EN 61326-1:2006, ČSN EN 61326-1:2006
ČSN EN 61000-4-2 criterion B EN 61000-4-2:1995 + A1:1998, ČSN EN 61000-4-2:1997 + A1:1999
ČSN EN 61000-4-3 criterion A EN 61000-4-3:2006, ČSN EN 61000-4-3 ed.3:2006
ČSN EN 61000-4-4 criterion B EN 61000-4-4:2004, ČSN EN 61000-4-4 ed.2:2005
ČSN EN 61000-4-5 criterion B EN 61000-4-5:2006, ČSN EN 61000-4-5 ed.2:2007
ČSN EN 61000-4-6 criterion A EN 61000-4-6:1996 + A1:2001, ČSN EN 61000-4-6:1997 + Z1:2001
ČSN EN 61000-4-11 EN 61000-4-11:2004, ČSN EN 61000-4-11 ed.2:2005
- criterion A for short-time dip
- criterion B for short-time interrupt

The judgement of conformity was performed in co-operation with the ITI TÜV s.r.o., Prague
Place and date of issue: Brno, March 2009
Responsible person: Ing. Petr SUZA, development engineer
 15

Unpacking Instructions
Remove carefully the instrument and its accessories from the box and packing material,
referring to the packing list included to confirm that everything has been delivered.
Briefly inspect each item for shipping damage. If anything is missing or damaged,
contact the manufacturer or your dealer immediately. You may want to retain the box
and other packing material in case you need to ship the instrument.

Storage and Transportation

The properly wrapped instrument can be stored and transported at a temperature -20 oC
to + 55 oC and relative humidity up to 80 %. In both cases the instrument should be
stored in suitable place, free of dust and chemical evaporation.
 16

Installation Procedures
The first installation and training is performed exclusively by the AGICO technician or
by the authorised representative. If you need later to reinstall the apparatus, due to the
moving the instrument to another place or any other reasons, be sure the following
conditions are met to achieve guaranteed parameters.

Choosing the place

Place the apparatus to a room with relatively magnetically clean environment.

 The instrument must not be placed near sources of alternating magnetic field, e.g.
big transformers, electric motors, electricity power source wires, thermal sources
etc.

 Do not place the instrument near thermal and electrical sources and prevent the
pick-up coils from direct sunshine. The pick-up unit must not be exposed to heat
from the sun or from other sources, which would affect the precision of
measurement.

 Do not place the pick-up coils near the other instruments or computer monitors.

 Do not place the instrument to a draughty room. Air condition may sometimes
cause higher thermal drift of coils, prevent the direct air flowing in the room .

 The temperature in the room should be stable as much as possible. The

temperature variation in the room should not exceed 2 oC / hour.

 Place the instrument and pick-up unit on a wooden table with good stability which
has no iron part under working desk.

 It is recommended to place the pick-up unit on a separate stand or a small table

which should be of such a height so that the middle of the pick-up unit coincides
with the level of the working table. This arrangement makes the operation easier.

 During measurement prevent motion of magnetically objects (metal parts of

chairs, doors, furniture, watches, rings, tools, components of your clothes, etc.)

Interconnection of Units
Fig. 1 shows the Interconnection Scheme. If you are installing only Kappabridge do not
consider CS4, laboratory power supply EA-PS and its accessories. Be sure the
instrument is unplugged from mains during connecting the cables. Do not
manipulate with any connector while the instrument is ON. Fix the connectors by
screws, plug the mains socket and switch the Kappabridge on.
 17

Fig. 1 Interconnection Scheme MFK1-FA / CS4 / CSL

 18

Connection Kappabridge to computer

 Copy the software SAFYR to your computer exactly in the same structure as it is
on original diskette and run program SAFYR.EXE.

 After the program is started the communication of the instrument with your
computer via serial channel RS-232C COM1 or COM2 is tested automatically
each time you run the program SAFYR. If there is something wrong in the
communication, the following message appears on the screen :

## RS-232 COMMUNICATION ERROR

 In this case it is recommended to switch the instrument off and to check the
connection of the instrument with the computer or to check whether the serial
port COM1 or COM2 is enabled in your computer.

 If the communication is O.K., the initial procedure is started and the messages
received from Kappagridge subsequently appear on the screen of the computer.
These information inform the user of the current activities of the instrument. They
differ with MFK version and with current configuration. In case there are no
problems, the offer of the MAIN MENU appears. For detailed information and
explanation of the main menu see chapter Operating Basics.
 19

Testing the magnetic environment

 See chapter Choosing the place before running test. If you do not use notebook or
computer with LCD display (we recommend it), take attention to your PC
monitor. The monitor distance from pick-up coils and its azimuth position can
have sometimes great influence. Be sure there are no other instrument in the
vicinity of pick-up coils.

 Run program SAFYR.EXE.

 In the MAIN menu select function Key10 Aux, then press Key2 Acmd. If you
have Kappabridge versions FA or A, disable Up/Down Mechanism, disable
Rotator and Select S to start the test measurement routine called “Sigma Test”
(see AuxKey2 – Standard Error Test, p. 45.)

 The measured data (empty coil measurement at F1 and 400 A/m peak) are stored
in the files which names are derived from current time in format HHMMSS with
extensions K00 and R00. The file K00 contains the all measured data, file R00
contains only the results (average and standard error) of 10 repeated measurements
in one set. Number of sets is also 10. The test takes approx. 40 minutes. Do not
disturb test during measurement by moving anything in the vicinity of instrument.

 Check the results saved at the end of files .K00 and .R00 denoted as “ ** Total
Average “, the total average of measurement of the real component of
susceptibility and its standard error, calculated as the average of averages of
individual measurement sets (10 x 10 measurements). Check also all individual
averages of each measurement set and its distribution.
 20

Operating Basics

This chapter covers the following topics:

❐ Main Menu of the SAFYR

 Brief description of the Main Menu

 Measuring of AMS using static specimen method in 15 Directions

 Measuring of AMS using spinning specimen method with Rotator

 Field and Frequency Setting

❐ Auxiliary Menu of the SAFYR

 Brief description of the Auxiliary Menu

 Measuring Bulk Susceptibility and Field Variation

 Setting Parameters (Configuration, Calibration Standard, Volume, Mass …)

 Calibration

 Correction for the Holder

❐ Appendices

 List of Magnetic Anisotropy Factors

 Structures of Data Files

 Selection of Coordinate Systems

 Geological Locality Data

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Brief description of the Main Menu

F1 <15dir> Measuring Anisotropy in 15 Directions using manual holder

(instrument option FB and B).

F1 <Ax1> Measuring Anisotropy in Pos.1 - rotation about axis 1

(instrument option FA and A).
F2 <Ax2> Measuring Anisotropy in Pos.2 - rotation about axis 2.
F3 <Ax3> Measuring Anisotropy in Pos.3 - rotation about axis 3.
F4 <TSus3> Measuring Total (directional) Susceptibility in Pos.3.

F4 <TSus> Measuring Total Susceptibility in a Current Position.

F5 <Field> Set Field.

F5 <Eval> When measuring anisotropy is completed in all positions,
<Eval> is on.
The specimen data can be entered from the keyboard or read
from the Geological file.
The anisotropy tensor and anisotropy factors are computed.

F6 <ActVol> Enter Actual Volume of a specimen - in mode Volume.

F6 <Mass> Enter Actual Mass of a specimen - in mode Mass.

F7 <Help> This key invokes this HELP.

F8 <Freq> Set Frequency - instrument options FA and FB.

F8 <Stop> The current measuring action is stopped. The previous
data is preserved.
Sets the Holder and Rotator to initial position.

F9 <Kill> Breaks the current activities, the data is cleared.

Sets the Holder and Rotator to initial position.

F10 <Aux> Switches to 'AUX' menu.

 22

Measuring of AMS – static specimen method

The measurement of AMS using static specimen method with manual holder is
available with the MFK1-FB or MFK1-B Kappabridges and also with MFK1-FA or
MFK1-A (with user option adjustment U/D DISABLED and ROTATOR DISABLED).

Do not forget to insert the plastic cylinder into the coil before the measurement. The
plastic cylinder ensures the placing of the specimen fixed in manual holder in the middle
of measuring coil.

During measurement process, the susceptibility of the specimen is measured

subsequently in 15 directions following the rotatable Jelinek's design in exactly the
same way as in the KLY-2, KLY-3 and KLY-4 Kappabridges. Using the least squares
method, the susceptibility tensor is fit to these measurements of the 15 directional
susceptibilities and the errors of the fit are calculated. The results of the measurement,
in the form of various parameters derived from the susceptibility tensor and
orientations of the directions of the principal susceptibilities in various coordinate
systems, are presented on the screen or written on the disk. The tensor elements
together with orientations of mesoscopic foliations and lineations can be also written
on the disk (into standard AMS file which is binary random access file with extension
.ran) from where they can be read in advanced processing.

Function Key 1 Dir 15

The procedure serves for the measurement of 15 directional susceptibilities. The
Jelinek's design of the 15 directions is shown in the following scheme. The position
design is the same for the cubic and cylindrical specimens. After pressing F1, the
following appears on the screen

DATA MEASURED RESIDUALS

Next direction 1

Press <SpaceBar> to continue

Put the specimen into the holder in the Pos.1 (see following scheme), be sure the slot is
up and five black strips are visible front of you, press the SpaceBar key and wait the
computer's beep. Then, insert the specimen into the measuring coil from where pull it
out after the second beep. Then, change the specimen position and continue analogously
until the first 5 directional susceptibilities are measured. Then fix the specimen to initial
position for next 5 directional susceptibilities P6..P10, be sure the slot is up and black
strips are visible front of you and follow the next five directions with the same design
but now using the double arrow. Continue with last 5 directional susceptibilities, set the
initial position for P11..P15 and follow the same design with triple arrow.
Static specimen
measuring positions

POS.1 POS. 2 POS. 3 POS. 4 POS. 5

Initial position P6 .. P10 POS. 6 POS. 7 POS. 8 POS. 9 POS. 10

Initial position P11..P15 POS. 11 POS. 12 POS. 13 POS. 14 POS. 15

 24

The users of the Kappabridges MFK1-FA or MFK1-A can use the arrangement with manual holder adapter.

This is useful for automatic field susceptibility variation measurement, but can be used also for AMS static specimen measurement if one
prefers such a way. In this case do not insert the plastic cylinder into the coil.

Set the ROTATOR DISABLED and U/D ENABLED (AuxKey 2 in Auxiliary Menu).
 The results look like in the following example

DATA MEASURED RESIDUALS in %

30.41E-03 32.25E-03 31.54E-03 -0.12 -0.19 0.03

31.27E-03 31.42E-03 31.79E-03 -0.11 -0.13 0.05

30.60E-03 31.20E-03 32.63E-03 -0.13 -0.28 -0.12

30.44E-03 32.33E-03 31.60E-03 -0.02 -0.05 0.24

30.29E-03 31.45E-03 31.85E-03 -0.03 -0.02 0.22

Std. error : 0.18

Anisotropy test : 356.1 322.9 135.6

Confidence angles : 3.3 5.1 2.0

1 2 Corr 3 4 5 Eval 6 7 8 9 Kill 10 Aux

 The three columns DATA MEASURED show the values of 15 directional

susceptibilities measured. The data RESIDUALS represent the deviations of the
measured and fitted data. After fitting the susceptibility ellipsoid to the measured
data using the least squares method, the susceptibility in each measuring direction
is calculated from the fitted tensor and subtracted from the measured value; this is
the residual. The residuals are the lower the higher is the measuring accuracy
and better fit. Ideally, the residuals are as low as the measuring errors of individual
directional susceptibilities. Std. error is the mean value of the absolute values of
the residuals.

 The quality of the measurement can be evaluated also from the values of
Anisotropy test and Confidence angles. The Anisotropy test values are the
values of the F-test for anisotropy/isotropy and for triaxial/rotational prolate and
for triaxial/rotational oblate ellipsoids. If the left value is higher than 3.48,
then the differences between the principal susceptibilities determined by
measurement compared to measuring errors are great enough that the specimen
can be considered anisotropic from the statistical point of view (on the 95% level
of significance). If the central and right values are higher than 4.25, then the
ellipsoid is triaxial. The Confidence angles values are the angles defining the
statistical accuracy of the determination of the individual principal
susceptibilities directions on the 95% level of significance (for more details see
AGICO Print No.1).
 26

Function Key 2 Corr

This key may be activated during or after the 15 directional susceptibilities are
measured. It enables any imprecisely measured directional susceptibility to be re-
measured (during the measurement pressing Corr sets the position number to the
current position minus one). After complete measurement and pressing F2, input the
Direction to be repeated and re-measure the corresponding directional susceptibility.
The proper specimen position should be prepared before pressing F2 key. The re-
measurements in various directions can be repeated until the expected accuracy is
reached.

Function Key 5 Eval

This procedure evaluates the measured data through the determination of the
susceptibility tensor and its related parameters. Before this procedure is activated, it is
possible to repeat measurement of any of the 15 directional susceptibilities in order to
get the best data for the evaluation. After the evaluation is once started, none of the
directional susceptibilities can be re-measured; only the whole specimen can be re-
measured.

 If the Eval procedure is started for the first time, the following questions
subsequently appear on the screen

Path ? drive:\ dir1\dir2\...\ <CR>...current

Name of file ? without extension, 8 chars max.

Each of associated files contains x record(s)

Specimen name (# means new file) ?

 After the above information are input, the question appears for the way of inputting
the geological orientation data

Select:

Using geological file [1]

Manual input from memo-book [2]

Non-oriented specimen [3]

If you selects [1] the data are read from the geological data file created earlier (the
geological data file can be created using the ANISOFT program package) which
must be located in the same directory as the standard AMS data file. The
geological data are used in the calculations and also copied into the standard
AMS file (see Appendix 2).

If you select [2], two sampling angles have to be entered from keyboard.

Input angles of the orientation of the specimen, the first is azimuth of the fiducial
mark of the specimen, the second is the dip or plunge of the fiducial mark
separated by comma, for details see the AGICO Print No. 6.
 27

Number of tectonic systems (0 to 2):

 If 0 is input (for example if non-foliated and non-lineated volcanic or plutonic

rock is measured), no other geological data are input.

 If 1 or 2 is input, the following data must also be input

1: Code, 4 tectonic angles ?

The two-character code characterizes the measured mesoscopic foliation and

lineation, the angles are azimuth of the dip (or strike if the orientation parameter
P4 is 90), dip of the first mesoscopic foliation, trend, plunge of the first
mesoscopic lineation, respectively. If only foliation exists, the second character
in the code must be zero and the last two angles are also zeros.

 If 2 is input, the following data must also be input

2: Code, 4 tectonic angles ?

The two-character code characterizes the measured mesoscopic foliation and

lineation, the angles are azimuth of the dip (or strike if the orientation parameter
P4 is 90), dip of the second mesoscopic foliation, trend, plunge of the second
mesoscopic lineation, respectively. If only foliation exists, the second character of
the code must be zero and the last two angles are also zeros.

 After the geological data are input the program displays the results and after
pressing ESC key, the data can be saved in the data file. They are written on the
disk as an ASCII file in the same format as they appear on the screen (later they
can be re-printed on the paper if necessary). The extension of this file is .ASC
and the file is located in the same directory as the standard AMS file.

 After measuring the second or later specimen only the question for the
specimen name appears on the screen. The data are handled in the same way as
those of the first specimen. If one wishes to change the file, one inputs #
instead of the specimen name and the inputting is made as in the first specimen.

 Then, the calculated data are shown on the screen in the form whose example is
shown on the page 30. The meaning of the presented results is as follows :

Azi first orientation angle (mostly azimuth of the dip or strike of the
fiducial mark on the specimen)

Dip second orientation angle (dip of the fiducial mark or plunge of

the cylinder axis)

O.P. orientation parameters (see the section OrPar)

Nom.vol. nominal volume of the calibration standard (10 cm3)

Act.vol. the volume of the specimen measured (in cm3)

Demag.fac. information whether the demagnetizing factor of the specimen

was considered in the calculation of the mean susceptibility
 28

Holder susceptibility of the holder (measured in the section Hol)

T1 code for the first pair of mesoscopic foliation and lineation

F1 orientation angles for the first foliation

L1 orientation angles for the first lineation

T2 code for the second pair of mesoscopic foliation and lineation

F2 orientation angles for the second foliation

L2 orientation angles for the second lineation

Field and Frequency peak field in A/m and F1, F2 or F3

Mean mean susceptibility, SI units

Standard err. [%] error in fitting the susceptibility tensor of

the measured data

F, F12, F23 statistics for anisotropy, triaxiality and

uniaxiality testing

Normed principal susceptibilities principal susceptibilities normed by the

norming factor and errors in their
determination

95% confidence angles, E12, E23, E13 confidence angles (on the 95 %
probability level) in the determination of
the orientations of the principal
susceptibilities
 29

Anisotropy factors values of the selected anisotropy

parameters

Principal directions orientations of principal susceptibilities

(in decreasing succession) as declination
(D) and inclination (I) in various
coordinate systems

Normed tensor values of the normed susceptibility

tensor in the appropriate coordinate
system; the upper line gives the diagonal
tensor elements (consecutively K11,
K22, K33),while the lower line gives the
non-diagonal elements (K12, K23, K13)
 30
PYR-B ANISOTROPY OF SUSCEPTIBILITY Program SAFYR ver.1.7
*****

Azi 5 O.P. : 12 90 6 0 Nom. vol. 10.00

Dip 20 Demag. fac. : YES Holder -1.69E-06 Act. vol. 10.00

T1 F1 L1 T2 F2 L2

CD 10/20 30/40 0/0 00/00 00/00

Directional Total Susc. Residuals [%]

11.32E-03 72.45E-04 81.87E-04 0.05 -0.18 0.12

10.27E-03 88.80E-04 90.29E-04 -0.02 -0.51 0.46
11.22E-03 10.36E-03 59.48E-04 -0.69 0.60 0.71
11.35E-03 71.86E-04 81.93E-04 0.35 -0.82 0.17
10.31E-03 88.81E-04 89.72E-04 0.42 -0.49 -0.17

Field Mean Standard Tests for anisotropy

[A/m] susc. err. [%] F F12 F23

200 F1 9.186E-03 0.586 2593.2 262.2 3625.0

Normed principal 95% confidence angles

susceptibilities E12 E23 E13

1.2575 1.1222 0.6203 3.6 1.0 0.8

+- 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037

Anisotropy factors (principal values positive)

L F P 'P T U Q E

1.121 1.809 2.027 2.136 0.678 0.575 0.237 1.614

Principal directions Normed tensor

Specimen D 337 67 245 1.2327 1.1256 0.6417

system I 0 12 78 -0.0571 0.0911 0.0444

Geograph D 314 75 173 0.7308 1.1342 1.1350

system I 59 17 25 0.0315 -0.0650 0.2305

Paleo 1 D 337 75 172 0.9205 1.1277 0.9518

system I 45 8 44 0.0106 -0.0595 0.3107

Tecto 1 D 37 135 232 1.0668 0.9815 0.9518

system I 45 8 44 -0.0950 0.2393 0.2069

12-07-2007 --- The data page can be left by pressing ESC key
 31

Measuring of AMS – spinning specimen method

The measurement of AMS using spinning specimen method with rotator is available
with the MFK1-FA or MFK1-A Kappabridges (options U/D ENABLED and
ROTATOR ENABLED).

During measurement, the specimen slowly rotates subsequently about three

perpendicular axes (in the same way as KLY-3S and KLY-4S Kappabridges). The
bridge is zeroed after inserting the specimen into the measuring coil so that
susceptibility differences are measured during specimen spinning (64 measurements are
made during one spin) which results in very sensitive determination of the anisotropic
component of the susceptibility tensor profiting from the measurement on the lowest
possible and therefore most sensitive range. Then, one bulk susceptibility value is
measured along one axis and the complete susceptibility tensor is combined from these
measurements. The measured data, in the form of various parameters derived from the
susceptibility tensor and orientations of directions of the principal susceptibilities in
various coordinate systems are presented on the screen. The tensor elements together
with orientations of mesoscopic foliations and lineations can be written on the disk (into
standard AMS file which is binary random access file) from where they can be read in
advanced processing.

Do not forget to remove the plastic cylinder from the coil in case the previous
measurement was done using the manual holder and with the option U/D DISABLED.
 32

Spinning specimen measuring positions and laboratory marking

POS. 1 spinning about axis x1

The specimen laboratory marking defines
the specimen right-handed oriented coordinate
system, and must be performed in the way
displayed on the above picture and in the
agreement with orientation parameters used in
the particular laboratory.

Please note the orientation of the fiducial

mark on the frontal side of cylinder which
defines the X1 of specimen coordinate system
may, or may not be measured in the field and
the orientation of the arrow on the case of
cylinder drawn in the laboratory and drawn in
the field may be in general different.
For this reason, different orientation
POS. 2 spinning about axis x2 parameters are used for the information how
the fiducial mark is drawn and for the
information how the azimuth is measured.

POS. 3 spinning about axis x3 and Tsus3

 33

Function Key 1 Ax1

This procedure serves for the measurement of the AMS in the x2,x3 plane (the specimen
spins about the x1 axis). The spinning is very slow (one revolution per 2.5 seconds) and
the susceptibility is measured 64 times during one revolution. As the bridge is zeroed
with the specimen inserted into the measuring coil before the specimen starts spinning,
the susceptibility differences are measured between the susceptibilities along the
respective directions and that of the direction in which the bridge was zeroed. This way
of measurement is very advantageous, because one measures only the anisotropic
component of the susceptibility which is much lower than the bulk component and one
can profit from the higher accuracy of the measurement made on the more sensitive
range.

 Before pressing Key F1, the specimen should be fixed into the specimen holder in
the measuring position No.1.

 After pressing F1, the specimen is automatically inserted into the specimen coil,
the bridge is zeroed and the specimen starts spinning; during spinning the
specimen susceptibility is measured.

The results are presented in the form as in the following example

Ax Range Cosine Sine Error Error%

1 1 -5.709E-06 -2.102E-06 8.2E-09 0.14

 Ax means that the specimen spins about the x1 axis (the measurement in the x2,x3
plane - Position No.1).

 Range informs us of the range on which the anisotropy was measured (this is only
formal information, because the instrument has a fully auto-ranging feature).

 Cosine and Sine give the values of the cosine and sine components, respectively,
of the average anisotropy curve.

 Error gives the standard deviation of the individual curves from the average
curve.

 Error% gives this deviation divided by the amplitude value.

The Error you obtain in each of three AMS axes measurement is standard deviation of
the individual curves (there are two sine wave curves for one physical revolution) from
the average curve and the Error% gives this deviation divided by the amplitude value.
This error has only informative meaning and reflects the ratio between the noise and
“anisotropy” signal for measurement in one plane only. Thus it depends not only on
absolute susceptibility of the specimen measured but mainly on the degree of anisotropy
in an individual plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. In case there is no anisotropy
in one of the three planes this error may be over 100% and has no physical meaning. In
case the anisotropy in one plane has "reasonable" value, the usual value is lower 5%, but
it does not reflect the quality of the measurement, but the level of anisotropy in one
 34

plane. On the other hand it is clear that the sensitivity of the instrument influences this
error. For judgement of the quality of AMS measurement, use F test numbers and 95%
confidence angles. The general rule is as follows. If the F numbers are high (let say at
least above 5) the confidence angles are low and principal direction (directions) is (are)
very well defined. The sensitivity of AMS measurement for field 400 Am -1 on MFK1 is
2x10-8, the anisotropy of the specimens with mean susceptibility about 5 x10-6 SI units
can be measured, but the confidence angles may be in some cases higher, it depends on
type of anisotropy. The sensitivity is approximately linearly decreasing with decreasing
field. Due to the influence of rotator motor the AMS measurement may be problematic
at frequencies F2 and F3 in case of specimens weaker than 100x10-6 SI units and with
degree of anisotropy lower than 5%. For this case at F3 it is recommended to use
manual measurement method in 15 directions to eliminate the influence of motor of the
rotator.

Function Key 2 Ax2

This procedure serves for the measurement of the AMS in the x1,x3 plane (the specimen
spins about the x2 axis - Position No.2 ) in the same way as in the previous case.

Function Key 3 Ax3

This procedure serves for the measurement of the AMS in the x1,x2 plane (the specimen
spins about the x3 axis - Position No.3 ) in the same way as in the previous case.

Function Key 4 Tsus3

This procedure measures the bulk susceptibility along the x1 axis (corresponding to the
specimen in the third measurement position). After pressing F4, the bridge is zeroed, the
specimen is inserted into the measuring coil and the bulk susceptibility is measured.

 The knowledge of the bulk susceptibility along the x1 axis is necessary in the
construction of the complete susceptibility tensor from the deviatoric tensor (based
on susceptibility differences) and one bulk value

Function Key 5 Field

After pressing the F5key the required integer value of peak Field can be entered. Setting
is not available during AMS measurement procedure.
 35

Function Key 5 Eval

This key is available if all positions of AMS measurement procedure have been
completed. This procedure evaluates the measured data through the determination of the
susceptibility tensor and its related parameters. Before this procedure is activated, it is
possible to repeat any of the procedures Ax1, Ax2, Ax3, TSus3 in order to get the best
data for the evaluation. When any of the above procedures is completed, the denotation
of the respective key is supplemented by an asterisk *. If the evaluation is started, none
of the above procedures can be repeated; only the whole specimen can be re-measured.

 If the Eval procedure is started for the first time, the following questions
subsequently appear on the screen

Path ? drive:\ dir1\dir2\...\ <CR>...current

Name of file ? without extension, 8 chars max.

Each of associated files contains x record(s)

Specimen name (# means new file) ?

 After the above information are input, the question appears for the way of
inputting the geological orientation data

Select:

Using geological file [1]

Manual input from memo-book [2]

Non-oriented specimen [3]

One selects [1] if the data should be read from the geological data file created
earlier (the geological data file can be created using the ANISOFT program
package) which is located in the same directory as the standard AMS file being
measured. The reading is made automatically by program. The geological data are
used in the calculations and also copied into the standard AMS file (see
Appendix 2).

If one selects [2], the following questions appear on the screen

MANUAL INPUT FROM MEMO-BOOK

2 sampling angles ?

One inputs the angles of the orientation of the specimen, the first is azimuth of
the fiducial mark of the specimen, the second is the dip or plunge of the fiducial
mark, for details see the AGICO Print No. 6.

Number of tectonic systems (0 to 2):

 If 0 is input (for example if non-foliated and non-lineated volcanic or plutonic

rock is measured), no other geological data are input.

 If 1 or 2 is input, the following data must also be input

 36

1: Code, 4 tectonic angles ?

The two-character code characterizes the measured mesoscopic foliation and

lineation, the angles are azimuth of the dip (or strike if the orientation parameter
P4 is 90), dip of the first mesoscopic foliation, trend, plunge of the first
mesoscopic lineation, respectively. If only foliation exists, the second character
in the code must be zero and the last two angles are also zeros.

 If 2 is input, the following data must also be input

2: Code, 4 tectonic angles ?

The two-character code characterizes the measured mesoscopic foliation and

lineation, the angles are azimuth of the dip (or strike if the orientation parameter
P4 is 90), dip of the second mesoscopic foliation, trend, plunge of the second
mesoscopic lineation, respectively. If only foliation exists, the second character of
the code must be zero and the last two angles are also zeros.

If one selects [3], no angle data are necessary.

 After the geological data are input the program displays the results and after
pressing ESC key, the program asks

Output to file [Y/N] <Enter> = YES

 Data are written as an ASCII file in the same format as they appear on the screen
(later they can be re-printed on the paper if necessary). The extension of this file
is .ASC and the file is located in the same directory as the standard AMS file.

 After measuring the second or later specimen only the question for the
specimen name appears on the screen. The data are handled in the same way as
those of the first specimen. If one wishes to change the file, one inputs #
instead of the specimen name and the inputting is made as in the first specimen.

 Then, the calculated data are shown on the screen in the form whose example is
shown on the page 38. The meaning of the presented results is as follows :

Azi first orientation angle (mostly azimuth of the dip or strike of the
fiducial mark on the specimen)

Dip second orientation angle (dip of the fiducial mark or plunge of

the cylinder axis)

O.P. orientation parameters (see the section OrPar)

Nom.vol. nominal volume of the used pick up unit (mostly 10cm3)

Act.vol. the volume of the specimen measured (in cm3)

Demag.fac. information whether the demagnetizing factor of the specimen

was considered in the calculation of the mean susceptibility
 37

Holder susceptibility of the holder (measured in the section Hol)

T1 code for the first pair of mesoscopic foliation and lineation

F1 orientation angles for the first foliation

L1 orientation angles for the first lineation

T2 code for the second pair of mesoscopic foliation and lineation

F2 orientation angles for the second foliation

L2 orientation angles for the second lineation

Field and Frequency peak field in A/m and F1, F2 or F3

Mean mean susceptibility, SI units

Standard err. [%] error in fitting the susceptibility tensor of

the measured data

F, F12, F23 statistics for anisotropy, triaxiality and

uniaxiality testing

Normed principal susceptibilities principal susceptibilities normed by the

norming factor and errors in their
determination

95% confidence angles semi-axis of the confidence ellipse

for rotation axis Ax1, Ax2, Ax3 angles of the orientations of the principal
susceptibilities

Anisotropy factors values of the selected anisotropy

parameters

Principal directions orientations of principal susceptibilities

(in decreasing succession) as declination
(D) and inclination (I) in various
coordinate systems

Normed tensor values of the normed susceptibility

tensor in the appropriate coordinate
system; the upper line gives the diagonal
tensor elements (consecutively K11,
K22, K33),while the lower line gives the
non-diagonal elements (K12, K23, K13)
 38

9-4-1 ANISOTROPY OF SUSCEPTIBILITY Program SAFYR ver.1.0

*****

Azi 30 O.P. : 12 0 3 90 Nom. Vol. 10.00

Dip 60 Demag. fac. : Yes Holder -1.67E-06 Act. vol. 11.00

T1 F1 L1 T2 F2 L2

CD 100/20 30/40 SO 140/60 70/80

Field Mean Standard Tests for anisotropy

[A/m] susc. Err. [%] F F12 F23

420 F1 127.9E-06 0.042 2953.2 2055.3 1564.5

Normed principal 95% confidence angles

susceptibilities Ax1 Ax2 Ax3

1.0304 0.9985 0.9711 1.6 1.9 0.9

+- 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.9 1.6 1.9

Anisotropy factors (principal values positive)

L F P 'P T U Q E

1.032 1.028 1.0611.061 -0.063 -0.078 0.738 0.996

Principal directions Normed tensor

Specimen D 283 193 68 1.0000 1.028 0.9715

system I 4 3 85 -0.0069 0.0046 0.0004

Geograph D 40 146 305 1.0095 0.9973 0.9932

system I 9 60 28 0.0254 0.0124 -0.0028

Paleo 1 D 34 152 284 1.0153 0.9890 0.9957

system I 26 44 35 0.0162 0.0194 0.0074

Tecto 1 D 94 212 344 0.9815 1.0228 0.9957

system I 26 44 35 0.0033 0.0161 -0.0131

Paleo 2 D 229 42 133 0.9878 0.9868 1.0254

system I 67 23 2 0.0160 -0.0095 -0.0068

Tecto 2 D 249 62 153 0.9774 0.9972 1.0254

system I 67 23 2 0.0126 -0.0112 -0.0031
11-06-2007
--- The data page can be left by pressing ESC key
 39

Function Key 6 ActVol or Mass

This procedure serves for inputting the actual volume or mass of the measured
specimen. If all the specimens measured in a particular collection have the same
volume, it is sufficient to input this volume only once. If the volume varies from
specimen to specimen, it is necessary, before or after the measurement (but before the
evaluation) of each specimen to input the correct volume or mass of the measured
specimen. The Mass is possible to input for field variation measurement only, not for
AMS.

 After starting this procedure, the Volume or Mass (depending on Volume or Mass
mode) saved in the configuration file appears on the screen.

 If the volume of the measured specimen is the same, one only hits ENTER, while
if the volume is different, one should input new actual volume of the measured
specimen.

Function Key 7 Help

This key invokes the help procedure. To quit help page press ESC key.

Function Key 9 Kill

This key breaks the current activities and clears the measured and input specimen data.

Function Key 10 Aux

This key switches the program to the AUXILIARY MENU.
 40

Brief description of the Auxiliary Menu

F1 <BSus> Measuring the Bulk (directional) or Mass Susceptibility on

a group of specimens in current field.
Measuring field variation of Bulk or Mass Susceptibility
of the specimen in current position.

F2 <ACmd> Auxiliary Command:

Up/Down : set the Holder position out of coil/into the coil,
Enable/Disable Up and Down (options FA and A),
Enable/Disable Rotator (options FA and A),
Zeroing : set the bridge nucleus to zero condition,
Init : set the Holder Up and set the Rotator to index pulse,
F2 <CStd> Entering the Nominal Directional Susceptibilities of the
Calibration Standard.
F2 <OrPar> Defining the specimen sampling Orientation Parameters,
i.e. the meaning of two sampling angles.
F2 <AnFac> Defining the set of Anisotropy Factors.
F2 <Vol> Set the Volume mode for bulk susceptibility measurement.
F2 <Mass> Set the Mass mode for mass susceptibility measurement.
F2 <Sigma> Execute the test measurement with standard error evaluation.
F2 <List> List the configuration files.

F3 <Cal> Calibration, i.e. setting the proper instrument gain.

F4 <Holder> Measuring of the Holder - real and imaginary susceptibility.

These values are subtracted from measured susceptibilities.

F5 <Field> Set Field.

F6 <ActVol> Enter Actual Volume of a specimen (depends on mode Vol/Mass).

F6 <Mass> Enter Actual Mass of a specimen.

F7 <Help> Invokes this HELP.

F8 <Freq> Set Frequency - options FA and FB.

F9 <Kill> Breaks the current activities. The data is lost.

Sets the Holder and Rotator to init position.

F10 <Main> Return to 'MAIN' menu.

Convention
To help you quickly find the information, the name of the Key of the Auxiliary Menu is
denoted as Function AuxKey, instead of Function Key in Measuring (Main) Menu, to
underline that the key of Auxiliary menu is mentioned. Examples of measurement
values are expressed in Italic.
 41

Function AuxKey 1 Bsus Bulk Susceptibility

This procedure serves for measurement of the bulk or mass directional susceptibility (in
current position)of a group of specimens (for example in monitoring the susceptibility
changes due to the demagnetization steps in palaeomagnetism) or for measurement of
field variation of the specimen in current position.

 After starting the procedure, the following information appear on the screen :

Measurement of susceptibility in current field or field variation

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The current holder susceptibility : Re -2.57 E-6 Im 1.25 E-9

New measurement of holder [Y/N] ?

 If 'Y' is selected, the procedure Key 4 Hol is made. Than the following selection
prompt appears :

Field variation measurement : Standard / Reduced / None [ S / R / <CR> ]

If one inputs N or <CR>, the procedure continues by bulk measurement in current

Field . In this case of individual bulk measurement any measurement is started by
pressing <CR> after entering the specimen name. If no name is entered, the current
time is used as the name. The bridge is zeroed first, you should wait for a beep,
insert (ver. FB and B) the specimen into the pick-up coil, wait for the second beep
and pull (ver. FB and B) the specimen out. The measurement is terminated by
pressing Esc key. The bulk or mass susceptibility is calculated using the specimen
volume which is entered in procedure Key 6 ActVol or Mass.

To finish measurements, press Esc key

N Specimen Bulk
1 XY -4.58E-06
2 STANDARD 82.75E-03
3 12:45:07 82.75E-03

If you select <S> or <R> the standard (up to 20 fields susceptibility

measurements) or reduced (short curve) field variation measurement is performed
in the fields predefined in the file MFK.VAR. This file contains for each
frequency : the number of field points and fields. The standard curve for frequency
F1 is marked e.g . F1S, the reduced F1R, etc. The maximum length of the reduced
curve may be also 20 fields points. So you can use the “reduced” curve for
reduced measurement in number of field points or use this possibility as field
zoom for certain field range, reduced in field range, or both. The number of points
has the priority, it is not necessary to edit the rest list of individual fields if you
wish to decrease the number of points only. The Standard and Reduced are the
names of two pre-defined curves only, they have no significant meaning.
 42

Examples:
Standard : 20 points
2 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700
Reduced : 10 points
5 20 40 60 100 200 300 400 500 700
Reduced : 20 points
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 65 75 80 85 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Standard : 15 points (the curve finished at 300 A/m)
2 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700

In case the file MFK.VAR contains any wrong data (the number of points is
greater then 20 or field is not available for current frequency) the default field
variation set is used and user file MFK.VAR is ignored.

The default field variation set (factory set MFK.VAR) :

20 No of points F1 standard
2 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 F1S
10 No of points F1 reduced
5 20 40 60 100 200 300 400 500 700 F1R

16 No of points F2 standard
2 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 F2S
10 No of points F2 reduced
5 20 40 60 80 100 150 200 250 350 F2R

13 No of points F3 standard
2 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 150 200 F3S
7 No of points F3 reduced
5 20 40 60 100 150 200 F3R
 43

Function AuxKey 2 Acmd Auxiliary Commands

Auxiliary Commands procedures serve for setting and checking the SAFYR
configuration parameters, for control commands and test some instrument functions.

<Ctrl Cmd>

Up/Down : set the Holder position out of coil/in the coil,

Enable/Disable Up and Down (options FA and A),
Enable/Disable Rotator (options FA and A),
Zeroing : set the bridge nucleus to zero condition,
Init : set the Holder Up and set the Rotator to index pulse.

<CStd> Entering the Nominal Directional Susceptibilities of the

Calibration Standard.

<OrPar> Defining the specimen sampling Orientation Parameters,

i.e. the meaning of two sampling angles.

<AnFac> Defining the set of Anisotropy Factors.

<Vol> Set the Volume mode for bulk susceptibility measurement.

<Mass> Set the Mass mode for mass susceptibility measurement.

<Sigma> Execute the test measurement with standard error evaluation.

<List> List the configuration files.

AuxKey 2 Ctrl Cmd Control Commands

UP / DOWN is used for checking the Up/Down Mechanism performance and speed.
The movement up takes a little bit longer time than down, but it should not exceed 3.6 s.
The timeout for error message is 4 s. This option is not available for versions FB and B.

ENABLE / DISABLE Up/Down Mechanism is used in case you wish to use manual
holder measurement routine (AMS in 15 directions) for instruments versions FA and A.

ENABLE / DISABLE Rotator is used in case you wish to use manual holder
measurement routine in 15 directions for instruments versions FA and A. It is useful
also for field variation measurement using manual holder fixed in the adapter instead of
rotator, particularly at frequencies F2 and F3 where the influence of rotator may be more
significant for weak specimens.

ZEROING is used for checking the zeroing capability and speed. The timeout is about
12 s.

INIT sets the rotator to initial position, checks the belt adjustment and speed of rotation.
This option is not available for versions FB and B. In case the Up/Down and /or Rotator
is disabled (versions FA and A) the enabled function is performed.
 44

AuxKey 2 CStd Calibration Standard

This key is used to check or input the susceptibility(ies) of the calibration standard.
Please note that the instrument is calibrated by two values (versions FA and A). This is
because the calibration standard gives not only the directional bulk susceptibility value,
but also the anisotropy which is derived from the susceptibility along the x3 vertical axis
(max. bulk) of the calibration standard and from that along the direction perpendicular
to the x3 axis (min. bulk).

The value Bulk-min is not used for Kappabridge versions FB and B.

Calibration Standard Bulk-max Bulk-min

136.7 E-03 27.00 E-03

The Bulk-max and Bulk-min values are the same as those written on the calibration
standard to be used for the instrument calibration. If you change the calibration standard
nominal value(s), the Holder correction value(s) is reset to zero.

AuxKey 2 Orpar Orientation Parameters

The scientists use different ways of sampling oriented specimens. In order to respect
these differences we have developed such a software solution of the data transformation
from the specimen coordinate system to the geographic, palaeogeographic and tectonic
coordinate systems that it is controlled through the so called orientation parameters. In
this way, any oriented sampling is possible. For definition of these orientation para-
meters and more details see AGICO Print No. 6.

 The program shows the set of current orientation parameters

Orientation parameters

P1 = 6

P2 = 0

P3 = 6

P4 = 0

Any changes [Y/N] ?

 If you enter 'N', the shown parameters are used in the subsequent calculations.

 If you enter 'Y', new parameters are set up. Computer asks for inputting the P1,
P2, P3 and P4 parameters and check them for their validity. These new parameters
are written into a configuration file.
 45

AuxKey 2 Anfac Anisotropy Factors

Magnetic fabric can be visualized by the shape and orientation of the anisotropy
ellipsoid. The eccentricity and shape of the ellipsoid can be characterized by
conveniently chosen parameters derived from the principal values (parallel to the axes
of the anisotropy ellipsoid). Unfortunately, more than 30 parameters have been
suggested for this purpose, even though 2 parameters are sufficient to characterize the
eccentricity and shape. Some of them are listed in the enclosed Table. As it is not
reasonable to present them all, our program selects up to 8 parameters according to the
demands of the user.

 The selection is made as follows. First, the set of the previously used
parameters appear on the screen (Current anisotropy factors) together with the
question Any changes [Y/N] ?

 If you wish to change this set, the program shows the table of factors from which
you can select new set and asks for Count of factors. Input the number of selected
factors (in our case 8). Then enter the sequential number of the factor and the
name (abbreviation) of the factor delimited by comma. This is repeated till the
whole set is entered. After entering the last factor the program displays again the
whole set and asks Any changes [Y/N]. In the case you need to do any change you
have to repeat the whole procedure.

AuxKey 2 Vol Set Volume Mode

Set the Volume mode for bulk susceptibility measurement. In case the volume mode is
active the pre-set actual volume of specimen is displayed and Bulk susceptibility is
calculated during susceptibility measurement.

AuxKey 2 Mass Set Mass Mode

Set the Mass mode for mass susceptibility measurement. In case the mass mode is active
the pre-set actual mass of specimen is displayed and Mass susceptibility is calculated
during susceptibility measurement. This option is not available for AMS measurement.

AuxKey 2 Sigma Standard Error

Executes the test measurements with standard error evaluation. The data are stored in
the files which names are derived from current time in format HHMMSS with
extensions K00 and R00. The file K00 contains the all measured data, file R00 contains
only the average and standard error of 10 repeated measurements in one set. Number of
sets is also 10. The measurements takes approx. 40 min. It is used for testing the
instrument sensitivity and/or the magnetic environment in the room where the
Kappabridge is installed. The measurement is performed at frequency F1 and the field
400 A/m peak. For this test it is recommended to use manual holder fixed in the adapter
in case the test is performed with a particular specimen. For magnetic environment test,
 46

the Up/Down mechanism is usually disabled or empty clean manual holder is used. Do
not disturb test measurement by moving anything in the vicinity of instrument. The
temperature in the room should be also stable.

AuxKey 2 List Parameters List

This function prints the contents of the configuration files SAFYR.SAV and
PAFA.SAV to see the current configuration and calibration parameters.
 47

Function AuxKey 3 Cal Calibration

This procedure serves for the calibration of the instrument. This calibration is made as
for the bulk susceptibility value along the vertical x3 axis of the calibration standard as
well as for the anisotropy represented by the susceptibility difference between the
standard susceptibility along the x3 axis and the perpendicular direction. The standard is
fixed in the holder vertically (in the first measuring position for spinning specimen).
Perform the calibration after at least 10 minutes of warm-up time. Generally it is
recommended to calibrate the bridge every day before beginning the work. However,
since the gain changes of the instrument are usually very small and in the case the
absolute value of susceptibility is not precisely important (e.g. in AMS measurement of
principal directions) it is not quite necessary to calibrate the bridge every day. The
instrument should be always calibrated when the frequency was changed and small
susceptibility frequency variation of the specimen measured are expected. The program
displays the day of the last calibration and recommends the calibration in case the last
one was performed more than 30 days ago.

 After activating this procedure through pressing the AuxKey F3, the calibration
procedure starts and the following information subsequently appear on the computer
screen

AUX 200 A/m F1 ** ANISO

Auto Range Calibration : 200 A/m PEAK

Bulk Cos Sin Delta GainA GainB

OLD 136.7 E-03 54.85 E-03 0.00 E+00 -22.77 3.5023 3.5005

MEAS 136.6 E-03 54.84 E-03 38.51E-06 -22.77 3.5023 3.5005

NEW 136.7 E-03 54.85 E-03 0.00 E+00 -22.81 3.5027 3.5008

--> Press <Enter> to save calibration data

 Bulk - the values of the bulk susceptibility of the calibration standard along the
vertical x3 axis.

 Cos - the values of the cosine component of the anisotropy of the calibration
standard.

 Sin - the values of the sine component of the anisotropy of the calibration
standard.

 Delta value represents the phase lag of the measured signal relatively to the
position of the spinning specimen. This lag is mainly due to the phase
characteristics of the output low-pass filter.

 GainB is the correction for getting the total gain for the bulk susceptibility to be
measured precisely.
 48

 GainA is the correction for getting the total gain for the anisotropy to be measured
precisely.

 The line headed “OLD” gives the above data of the last calibration corresponding
to those written in the configuration file.

 The line “MEAS” gives the data actually measured standard assuming that Delta,
GainB and GainA values equal “OLD” values.

 The line headed “NEW” shows the result of the above measurement, but with
proper new corrections Delta, GainB, GainA. The constants Delta, GainB, GainA
are also written into the configuration file.

 The calibration results are verified to prevent writing erroneous values into the
configuration file. Thus, the GainB and GainA values should be within the
interval of 65% to 135% of the nominal values, otherwise the error is indicated.

 If you change the calibration standard nominal value, the GainB and GainA are
undefined until proper calibration is performed successfully.

 After successfully performed and saved calibration the all holder values are zeroed.

 For instrument versions FB and B the part of calibration using rotator is skipped.
 49

Function AuxKey 4 Hol Holder Correction

This procedure consists of the measurement of the bulk susceptibility and anisotropy of
the empty holder in the field 200 A/m PEAK value. In case of frequency F1, the
susceptibility and anisotropy are written into the configuration file. The holder
correction values are subtracted from the measured values after measuring the specimen.

 After activating this procedure through pressing the AuxKey F4, the measurement
of the empty holder starts and the following information subsequently appear on
the computer screen

AUX 200 A/m ** BULK ( ** ANISO)

HOLDER Bulk Cos Sin

Old values -4.138E-06 -10.E-09 -2.7E-09

-4.179E-06 -29.E-09 -19.E-09

-4.140E-06 -36.E-09 -13.E-09

-4.113E-06 -11.E-09 -14.E-09

New values -4.144E-06 -25.E-09 -15.E-09

Std.error 33.E-09 13.E-09 3.5.E-09

-- Press <CR> to save the data

 In the beginning of the procedure the Old values data appear on the screen. These
are the data stored in the configuration file obtained in the last measurement of the
empty holder.

 The bulk susceptibility of the empty holder is automatically measured three times,
its mean value and standard error of the average are calculated. Than the
anisotropy of the empty holder (versions FA and A) is measured three times and
the mean value and standard error of the average are also calculated.

 If the measurements are inconsistent (for example, if holder bulk susceptibility

does not lie within the expected interval or the standard error is greater than
0.1x10-6) the New values are blinking. It is upon the operator whether to save the
holder or not (depending also on how strong specimens are measured).

 If you switch to frequency F2 (F3) or change the calibration standard nominal

value(s), the Holder Correction is reset to zero. If you switch back to frequency
F1, the last saved holder values for F1 are recalled from configuration file
SAFYR.SAV.
 50

Function AuxKey 5 Field Set Field

Set the field from 2 A/m to maximum field, (depending on current frequency and
properties of pick-up coils) in step of 1 A/m. The nominal maximum fields are as
follows:

F1 976 Hz 700 A/m peak value

F2 3904 Hz 350 A/m peak value

F3 15616 Hz 200 A/m peak value

The real maximum field may be slightly higher than nominal maximum field. The real
maximum value is displayed at enter field prompt. Set Field is not available during
AMS measurement in individual positions.

Function AuxKey 6 ActVol Actual Volume

Set the actual specimen volume, which is used for bulk susceptibility calculation. This
key is active if the Volume Mode is selected (see AuxKey2 ACmd <Vol>).

Function AuxKey 6 Mass Actual Mass

Set the actual specimen mass, which is used for mass susceptibility calculation. This key
is active if the Mass Mode is selected (see AuxKey2 ACmd <Mass>).

Function AuxKey 7 Help Help Page

Pressing this key invokes the list of help page. To quit help page press ESC key.
 51

Function AuxKey 8 Freq Set Frequency

F1 976 Hz 200 A/m peak

F2 3904 Hz 200 A/m peak

F3 15616 Hz 200 A/m peak

This routine allows to select one of three available frequencies (FA and FB options). If
the frequency is changed the field is set to default 200 A/m. In case of F2 and F3 the
holder correction values are zeroed. If you return to F1 the holder values are restored
from configuration file, where they were saved during last holder correction procedure.
Program than waits 10 min to eliminate coil drift caused by frequency change. The time
can be reduced by the user by pressing <Esc> key. This is not recommended in case of
measuring weak specimens and/or using low fields.

Function AuxKey 9 Kill

The program breaks the current activities and clears current specimen data.

Function AuxKey 10 Main

Return from AUXILIARY menu to the MAIN menu.
 52

Appendices
This chapter covers the following topics

❐ List of Magnetic Anisotropy Factors.

❐ Structures of Data File.

❐ Selection of Coordinate Systems.

❐ Geological Locality Data.

 53

List of Magnetic Anisotropy Factors

Factor No. Mathematical expression Usual Abbreviation

1. (15/2)[(k1-k)^2+(k2-k)^2+(k3-k)^2]/(3*k)^2
2. ➪ exp{sqr[2((n1-n)^2+(n2-n)^2+(n3-n)^2)]} P'
3. sqr{2[(n1-n)^2+(n2-n)^2+(n3-n)^2]} ln P'
4. ➪ k1/k3 P
5. ln(k1/k3) ln P
6. 100(k1-k3)/k1
7. (k1-k3)/k2
8. (k1-k3)/k
9. ➪ k1/k2 L
10. ln(k1/k2) ln L
11. (k1-k2)/k
12. 2k1/(k2+k3)
13. ➪ k2/k3 F
14. ln(k2/k3) ln F
15. (k1+k2)/(2k3)
16. (k1+k3)/(2k2)
17. 2k2/(k1+k3)
18. 1-k3/k2
19. (2k1-k2-k3)/(k1-k3)
20. (k1+k2)/2-k3]/k
21. (k2-k3)/k
22. k1/sqr(k2*k3)
23. (k1*k3)/(k2^2)
24. ➪ (k1-k2)/[(k1+k2)/2-k3] Q
25. (k1-k2)/(k2-k3)
26. (k2-k3)/(k1-k2)
27. arcsin{sqr[(k2-k3)/(k1-k3)]}
28. ➪ (k2^2)/(k1*k3) E
29. k2(k1-k2)/[k1(k2-k3)]
30. (k2/k3-1)/(k1/k2-1)
31. ➪ (2n2-n1-n3)/(n1-n3) T
32. ➪ (2k2-k1-k3)/(k1-k3) U
33. (k1+k2-2k3)/(k1-k2)
34. sqr{[(k1-k)^2+(k2-k)^2+(k3-k)^2]/3}/k R
35. (k1*k2*k3)^(1/3)
36. k3(k1-k2)/[k1(k2-k3)]
37. k3(k1-k2)/(k2^2-k1*k3)
38. (k1-k2)(2k1-k2-k3)/[(k2-k3)(k1+k2-2k3)]

k1>k2>k3 are principal normed susceptibilities and n1, n2, n3 are their respective natural
logarithms, the symbol
➪ means default set of AGICO (stored in PAFA.SAV configuration file of a new instrument)
 54

Structures of Data Files

The program SAFYR works with the following data and configuration files :

 The following notation is used for variables denotation :

n$ n bytes string variable
2I two bytes integer variable
4R four bytes real variable

 The classical sequential ASCII file with extension .ASC contains the printable
output results of measured specimen(s), in the same form as on the screen.

 The Standard Anisotropy File (AMS) contains the results of the anisotropy
measurement in binary form and has extension .RAN

 The Geological Data File contains only the geological data (orientations of
specimens and of mesoscopic fabric elements), its extension is .GED

 File Pafa.SAV contains current set of orientation parameters and anisotropy

factors.

 Files Safyr.SAV contains serial port number, calibration standard values,

instrument configuration parameters, instrument gain and phase coefficients
calculated during calibration procedure for field 200 A/m peak, holder
components measured during holder correction routine and actual current volume
or mass of specimen.

 File Aniso.TMP contains the screen contents results of AMS measuring of the
last specimen measured.

 File Bulk.TMP contains the screen contents in measuring bulk susceptibility

using routine Bulk invoked by function AuxKey 1. This file can be saved as
xxx.MFK for future post processing.

 File Safyr.HLP contains the Help page.

 File MFK.VAR contains predefined fields for field variation measurement.

 File Safyr.MON contains information useful for service diagnostics, this file is
appended each program run.

 File Safyr.TMP contains current day information useful for service diagnostics,
this file is overwritten in each program run.
 55

Structure of Standard AMS File

The STANDARD ANISOTROPY FILE is a random access file with the length of the record being 64
bytes.

Structure of the First Line (Record)

2I 16$ 7$ 7$ 4$ 4$ 4$ 4$ 4x3$ 4$
N+2 LOCALITY LONGI LATI ROCK STRATI LITHO REGIO ORIENT.P. EOL

 The first record contains the locality data:

N+2 number of specimens in the file+2,
LOCALITY name of locality,
LONGI geographical longitude of the locality,
LATI geographical latitude of the locality,
ROCK rock type,
STRATI stratigraphical position,
LITHO lithostratigraphy,
REGIO regional position,
ORIENT orientation parameters P1, P2, P3, P4,
EOL end of line sequence.

Structure of the Other Lines (Records)

12$ 4R 4R 6x4R 2$ 2x2I 2x2I 2$ 2x2I 2x2I
SPEC CHAR NORM K11 to K33 C1 FOLI1 LINE1 C2 FOLI2 LINE2

 The second and the following records contain the specimen data. Each record
contains:
SPEC name of the specimen,
CHAR mean susceptibility in the order of 10-6 SI,
NORM Freq *1000 + Field,
K11, K22, K33,
K12, K23, K13 components of normed AMS tensor in the geographic system,
C1 code for the 1st pair of mesoscopic foliation and lineation,
FOLI1 azimuth of dip and dip of the 1st foliation,
LINE1 trend and plunge of the 1st lineation,
C2 code for the 2nd pair of mesoscopic foliation and lineation,
FOLI2 azimuth of dip and dip of the 2nd foliation,
LINE2 trend and plunge of the 2nd lineation.
 56

Structure of Geological Data File

The GEOLOGICAL DATA FILE is a random access file with the length of the record being 64 bytes.
The numerical data are for practical reasons recorded as strings so that they can be directly checked.
Structure of the First Line (Record)
4$ 16$ 7$ 7$ 4$ 4$ 4$ 4$ 4x3$ 2$
N+2 LOCALITY LONGI LATI ROCK STRATI LITHO REGIO ORIENT.P. EOL

 The first record contains the locality data:

N+2 number of specimens in the file+2,
LOCALITY name of locality,
LONGI geographical longitude of the locality,
LATI geographical latitude of the locality,
ROCK rock type,
STRATI stratigraphical position,
LITHO lithostratigraphy,
REGIO regional position,
ORIENT orientation parameters P1, P2, P3, P4,
EOL end of line sequence.

Structure of the Other Lines (Records)

12$ 2x4$ 4$ 2x4$ 2x4$ 4$ 2x4$ 2x4$
SPEC ORIENTATION CODE1 FOLI1 LINE1 CODE2 FOLI2 LINE2

 The second record and the following records contain the specimen data. Each
record contains:
SPEC name of the specimen,
ORIENTATION azimuth1 and dip2 of the fiducial mark orienting the specimen,
CODE1 codeA for the 1st pair of mesoscopic foliation and lineation,
FOLI1 azimuth of dip and dip3 of the 1st foliation,
LINE1 trend and plunge of the 1st lineation,
CODE2 code for the 2nd pair of mesoscopic foliation and lineation,
FOLI2 azimuth of dip and dip of the 2nd foliation,
LINE2 trend and plunge of the 2nd lineation,
FREE four characters free string.

Note : The orientation of mesoscopic foliation should be measured in terms of azimuth of dip and
dip or strike and dip and this is indicated by the orientation parameter P4 (see the section
Orientation Parameters). The azimuth of dip or strike should be measured as angles ranging from 0
to 360 degrees (not from zero to 180 degrees) and they are recorded in the geological data file as
measured.

1
values from 0 degrees to 360 degrees
2
values from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
A
for the reason of compatibility with the AMS file only 2 characters are used
3
values from 0 degrees to 90 degrees
 57

Selection of Coordinate Systems

The orientations of magnetic foliation and magnetic lineation can be presented not only
in the standard geographical coordinate system, but also in the so-called palaeo-
geographical system (after rotation of the mesoscopic foliation under consideration into
the horizontal position about the corresponding lineation) or in the so-called tectonic
coordinate system (mesoscopic lineation and foliation are the coordinate axes). The
program can work with up to 2 pairs of mesoscopic foliation and lineation which are
described by a two-character code. The first character of the code describes the foliation,
while the second character describes the lineation (for the proposal of the codes see the
enclosed table). For example, the code characterizing the existence of metamorphic
schistosity and mineral alignment lineation is SA. If only the foliation and no lineation
exist, the second character in the code is zero. For example, the system characterized by
the bedding only has the code B0 (zero).

Codes characterizing mesoscopic foliations and lineations :

_______________________________________________________________________
Code Foliation Code Lineation
_______________________________________________________________________
B bedding A mineral alignment
C cleavage D bedding/cleavage intersection
K cataclastic schistosity F fold axis
S metamorphic schistosity R striation
J joint W wave hinge lineation
G igneous banding P current direction
E fluidal foliation M beta axis
H schlieren foliation L lava flow lineation
N lava flow foliation O schlieren lineation
_______________________________________________________________________
 58

Geological Locality Data

The inputting of the locality data is not compulsory. The ANISOFT package of programs
for advanced AMS data processing does not work with the locality data. These data
serve only for storing the locality geological characteristics on the disk.

In inputting the locality geological data, the following data are asked for.

 NAME OF LOCALITY (max. 16 characters, ENTER means no data)

This is the literary name of the locality, it serves only as a note characterizing the
locality location, etc.

 LOCALITY GEOGRAPHICAL LONGITUDE (DECADICAL EXPRESSION)

 LOCALITY GEOGRAPHICAL LATITUDE (DECADICAL EXPRESSION)

Both in the format xxxx.xx. These data are input as decadical expressions, not
using minutes and seconds.

 ROCK TYPE (max. 4 characters)

 STRATIGRAPHY (max. 4 characters)

 LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY (max. 4 characters)

 REGIONAL (max. 4 characters)

These data are recommended to be input as 3 character codes; their purpose is to

characterize geologically the locality investigated, they are not used in further
calculations.

 ORIENTATION PARAMETER P1

 ORIENTATION PARAMETER P2

 ORIENTATION PARAMETER P3

 ORIENTATION PARAMETER P4

(See also Appendix - Selection of Coordinate System)

 59

Maintenance

Cleaning the Holders and Rotator

It is recommended to clean the specimen holders regularly, especially if you continue
with measurement of relatively weak specimens after measuring strong ones. For cleaning
use pure water with a small amount of detergent and soft brush. Do not use alcohol for
cleaning (may cause damaging due to heat of vaporization).
 60

Cleaning the Rotator and Belt – MFK versions FA and A

It is necessary to clean the shell in which the specimen is fixed and the other part of the rotator if
rotator makes suspicious noise during spinning and/or if the “belt strain” value ( see below) is
higher than 1750.

4.2 release gently the ring, pay attention to the position

and trapezoid shape of rubber washer,

4.1 Unscrew three plastic screws and washers

and remove the cover of the motor 4.3 and remove the perspex ring,
carefully by pulling it up,

4.5 Clean the shell, the belt and the bearing, use pure
water with a small amount of non-powdered detergent
and soft brush. Check if the belt mark is clear white.
Before assembling dry up everything properly.
Do not use alcohol for cleaning!

4.4 check the belt strain to set it later in the

same level and remember the belt mark
position, loosen a little bit (do not remove
them) two screws, after that the strain of
the tooth belt eases and the specimen shell
can be removed from its bearing, and
remove the belt
Clean the black wheel with 64 notches,
optocouples and photosensor from dust
using soft dry brush. Check if all 64
notches are transparent.
 61

Rotator assembling – MFK versions FA and A

During assembling pay attention to the following

three points:

- the strips on the upper wheel are in the same

line

- the white belt mark is approximately in the centre

of the photosensor

- the strips on specimen shell are in the same line

If all three conditions are met adjust the proper belt

strain by picking-up slightly the part with motor and
fixing the two screws.

Connect the rotator, switch MFK on, run SAFYR

program, select AUX menu and check the number
following the message “ROTATOR is Enabled”.
This value is proportional to the mechanical
resistance (belt strain) and should be in the range
1550 to 1700. If necessary adjust the belt strain,
than disable and enable the rotator by commands
<T> and <E> to update the “belt strain” value.
Switch MFK off and finally set the motor cover and
fix it by screws, install the perspex ring and check
the proper position of trapezoid rubber washer.
 62

Cleaning the Up/Down Mechanism

The Up/Down Mechanism should be cleaned in case the mechanism makes suspicious noise during
movement and/or if the time of the movement of the holder from lower to upper position is longer
than 3.6s and/or if the massive linear white contamination trace (from teflon) is present on the inner
surface of the cylinder. The Up/Down execution time can be checked using AuxKey 2 in Auxiliary
Menu of SAFYR program.

Set the Up/Down Mechanism to down position (AuxKey 2 <down>) and switch off the instrument.

 After loosening the small screw remove the arm of the holder. Check the position
of the white teflon ring to reinstall it later into the same position and angle
orientation. Then remove the screw and the washer and, at last, the white teflon
ring.

 You can remove the rear panel of the Pick-Up Unit (only for the reason to see
inside).

 Using cleaning paper clean the space inside the cylinder. Insert the paper into the
gap between the inner cylinder and outer tube and clean the inner cylinder space
by moving papers along inner surface of the cylinder and simultaneously by
moving them a little bit up and down.

 Clean the ring also and reinstall it, checking its proper position and angle
orientation inside the cylinder. Tighten the screw fixing the washer gently.

 For easier manipulation it is recommended to use the following size and shape of
cleaning paper. Paper strip about 30 cm in length of trapezoid shape, with bases 5
and 2 cm, thickness of about 0.1 mm (standard office paper).

 Do not lubricate the inner cylinder by any lubricant. Do not use alcohol for
cleaning (may cause damaging of cylinder due to evaporated heat). In case the
cleaning does not fix the problem, do not try to solve it yourself, contact the
manufacturer.
Last Revison 02-Mar-09