An American National Standard

Designation: D 3517 – 06

Standard Specification for

“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin)
Pressure Pipe1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3517; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced

1.1 This specification covers machine-made fiberglass pipe, and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
8 in. (200 mm) through 156 in. (4000 mm), intended for use in D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
water conveyance systems which operate at internal gage D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
pressures of 450 psi (3103 kPa) or less. Both glass-fiber- Plastics
reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber- D 2290 Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of
reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes. Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe by Split Disk Method
The standard is suited primarily for pipes to be installed in D 2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading
buried applications, although it may be used to the extent Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
applicable for other installations such as, but not limited to, D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
jacking, tunnel lining and slip-lining rehabilitation of existing Resins
pipelines. D 2992 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure De-
sign Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced

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NOTE 1—For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings
natural polymers.
D 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiber-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded glass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided and Fittings
for information purposes only. D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. D 4161 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-
Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Joints Using Flex-
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the ible Elastomeric Seals
test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, F 477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user Joining Plastic Pipe
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health 2.2 ISO Standard:
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- ISO 1172 Textile Glass Reinforced Plastics—Determination
tions prior to use. of Loss on Ignition3
2. Referenced Documents 2.3 NSF Standard:
Standard No. 61 Drinking Water System Components4
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates 3. Terminology
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics 3.1 Definitions:
D 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid 3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
Plastics nology D 833 and Terminology F 412 and abbreviations are in
accordance with Terminology D 1600, unless otherwise indi-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on cated.
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved 2004 as D 3517 – 04.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann
the ASTM website. Arbor, MI 48113-0140, http://www.nsf.org.

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 D 3517 – 06
3.2.1 fiberglass pipe—a tubular product containing glass- 3517, followed by type, liner, and grade in Arabic numerals,
fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by cured class by the letter C and two or three Arabic numerals, and pipe
thermosetting resin. The composite structure may contain stiffness by a capital letter. Table 1 presents a summary of the
aggregate, granular, or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pig- designation requirements. Thus, a complete material code shall
ments, or dyes. Thermoplastic or thermosetting liners or consist of ASTM D 3517. . . three numerals, C . . . and two or
coatings may be included. three numerals, and a capital letter.
3.2.2 flexible joint —a joint that is capable of axial displace- NOTE 4—Examples of the designation are as follows: (1) ASTM D
ment or angular rotation, or both. 3517-1-1-3-C50-A for glass-fiber reinforced aggregate and polyester resin
3.2.3 liner—a resin layer, with or without filler, or rein- mortar pipe with a reinforced thermoset liner and an unreinforced
forcement, or both, forming the interior surface of the pipe. polyester resin and sand surface layer, for operation at 50 psi (345 kPa),
3.2.4 qualification test—one or more tests used to prove the and having a minimum pipe stiffness of 9 psi (62 kPa), (2) ASTM D
design of a product. Not a routine quality control test. 3517-4-2-6-C200-C for glass-fiber reinforced epoxy resin pipe with a
3.2.5 reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP)—a fiberglass non-reinforced thermoset liner, no surface layer, for operation at 200 psi
(1380 kPa), and having a minimum pipe stiffness of 36 psi (248 kPa).
pipe with aggregate. NOTE 5—Although the “Form and Style for ASTM Standards” manual
3.2.6 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP)—a fiber- requires that the type classification be roman numerals, it is recognized
glass pipe without aggregate. that companies have stencil cutting equipment for this style of type, and
3.2.7 rigid joint —a joint that is not capable of axial it is therefore acceptable to mark the product type in arabic numbers.
displacement or angular rotation.
5. Materials and Manufacture
3.2.8 surface layer—a resin layer, with or without filler, or
reinforcements, or both, applied to the exterior surface of the 5.1 General—The resins, reinforcements, colorants, fillers,
pipe structural wall. and other materials, when combined as a composite structure,
shall produce a pipe that shall meet the performance require-
4. Classification ments of this specification.
4.1 General—This specification covers fiberglass pressure 5.2 Wall Composition—The basic structural wall composi-
pipe defined by raw materials in the structural wall (type) and tion shall consist of thermosetting resin, glass fiber reinforce-
liner, surface layer material (grade), operating pressure (class), ment, and, if used, an aggregate filler.
and pipe stiffness. Table 1 lists the types, liners, grades, classes, 5.2.1 Resin—A thermosetting polyester or epoxy resin, with
and stiffnesses that are covered. or without filler.
5.2.2 Reinforcement—A commercial grade of E-type glass
NOTE 3—All possible combinations of types, liners, grades, classes,
and stiffnesses may not be commercially available. Additional types,
fibers with a finish compatible with the resin used.
liners, grades, and stiffnesses may be added as they become commercially 5.2.3 Aggregate—A siliceous sand conforming to the re-
available. The purchaser should determine for himself or consult with the quirements of Specification C 33, except that the requirements
manufacturer for the proper class, type, liner, grade and stiffness of pipe for gradation shall not apply.
to be used under the installation and operating conditions that will exist for
the project in which the pipe is to be used. NOTE 6—Fiberglass pipe intended for use in the transport of potable
water should be evaluated and certified as safe for this purpose by a testing
4.2 Designation Requirements—The pipe materials desig- agency acceptable to the local health authority. The evaluation should be
nation code shall consist of the standard designation, ASTM D in accordance with requirements for chemical extraction, taste, and odor

TABLE 1 General Designation Requirements for Fiberglass Pressure Pipe

Desig-
nation Property Cell Limits (Note 1)
Order
1 Type 1 2 3 4
glass-fiber-reinforced ther- glass-fiber-reinforced ther- glass-fiber-reinforced ther- glass-fiber-reinforced ther-
mosetting polyester (Note 2) mosetting polyester (Note 2) mosetting epoxy resin mor- mosetting epoxy resin
resin resin tar (RPMP epoxy) (RTRP epoxy)
mortar (RPMP polyester (Note 2)) (RTRP polyester (Note 2))
2 Liner 1 2 3 4
reinforced thermoset liner non-reinforced thermoset liner thermoplastic liner no liner
3 Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6
polyester (Note 2) polyester (Note 2) polyester (Note 2) epoxy resin epoxy resin no surface
resin surface resin surface resin and sand surface layer— surface layer— layer
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layer—reinforced layer—non- surface layer reinforced non-reinforced

reinforced nonreinforced
4 Class (Note 3) C50 C100 C150 C200 C250 C300 C350 C400 C450
5 Pipe Stiffness A B C D
psi (kPa) 9 (62) 18 (124) 36 (248) 72 (496)

NOTE 1—The cell-type format provides the means of identification and specification of piping materials. This cell-type format, however, is subject to
misapplication since unobtainable property combinations can be selected if the user is not familiar with non-commercially available products. The
manufacturer should be consulted.
NOTE 2—For the purposes of this standard, polyester includes vinyl ester resins.
NOTE 3— Based on operating pressure in psig (numerals).
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 D 3517 – 06
that are no less restrictive than those included in National Sanitation 6.1.1 Each pipe shall be free from all defects including
Foundation (NSF) Standard No. 61. The seal or mark of the laboratory indentations, delaminations, bubbles, pinholes, cracks, pits,
making the evaluation should be included on the fiberglass pipe. blisters, foreign inclusions, and resin-starved areas that due to

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5.3 Liner and Surface Layers—Liner or surface layer, or their nature, degree, or extent, detrimentally affect the strength
both, when incorporated into or onto the pipe, shall meet the and serviceability of the pipe. The pipe shall be as uniform as
structural requirements of this specification. commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other
5.4 Joints—The pipe shall have a joining system that shall physical properties.
provide for fluid tightness for the intended service condition. A 6.1.2 The inside surface of each pipe shall be free of bulges,
particular type of joint may be restrained or unrestrained and dents, ridges, and other defects that result in a variation of
flexible or rigid depending on the specific configuration and inside diameter of more than 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) from that obtained
design conditions. on adjacent unaffected portions of the surface. No glass fiber
5.4.1 Unrestrained—Pipe joints capable of withstanding reinforcement shall penetrate the interior surface of the pipe
internal pressure but not longitudinal tensile loads. wall.
5.4.1.1 Coupling or Bell-and-Spigot Gasket Joints, with a 6.1.3 Joint sealing surfaces shall be free of dents, gouges,
groove either on the spigot or in the bell to retain an and other surface irregularities that will affect the integrity of
elastomeric gasket that shall be the sole element of the joint to the joints.
provide watertightness. For typical joint details see Fig. 1. 6.2 Dimensions:
5.4.1.2 Mechanical Coupling Joint, with elastomeric seals.
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6.2.1 Pipe Diameters—Pipe shall be supplied in the nomi-

5.4.1.3 Butt Joint, with laminated overlay. nal diameters shown in Table 2 or Table 3. The pipe diameter
5.4.1.4 Flanged Joint, both integral and loose ring. tolerances shall be as shown in Table 2 or Table 3, when
5.4.2 Restrained—Pipe joints capable of withstanding inter- measured in accordance with 8.1.1.
nal pressure and longitudinal tensile loads.. 6.2.2 Lengths—Pipe shall be supplied in nominal lengths of
5.4.2.1 Joints similar to those in 5.4.1.1 with supplemental 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 ft. (3.05, 6.10, 9.15, 12.19, and 18.29 m).
restraining elements. The actual laying length shall be the nominal length 62 in.
5.4.2.2 Butt Joint, with laminated overlay. (651 mm), when measured in accordance with 8.1.2. At least
5.4.2.3 Bell-and-Spigot, with laminated overlay. 90 % of the total footage of any one size and class, excluding
5.4.2.4 Bell-and-Spigot, adhesive-bonded joint: Three types special order lengths, shall be furnished in the nominal lengths
of adhesive-bonded joints are permitted by this standard as specified by the purchaser. Random lengths, if furnished, shall
follows: not vary from the nominal lengths by more than 5 ft (1.53 m)
5.4.2.4.1 Tapered bell-and-spigot, an adhesive joint that is or 25 %, whichever is less.
manufactured with a tapered socket for use in conjunction with 6.2.3 Wall Thickness—The average wall thickness of the
a tapered spigot and a suitable adhesive. pipe shall not be less than the nominal wall thickness published
5.4.2.4.2 Straight bell-and-spigot, an adhesive joint that is in the manufacturer’s literature current at the time of purchase,
manufactured with an untapered socket for use in conjunction and the minimum wall thickness at any point shall not be less
with an untapered spigot and a suitable adhesive. than 87.5 % of the nominal wall thickness when measured in
5.4.2.4.3 Tapered bell and straight spigot, an adhesive joint accordance with 8.1.3.
that is manufactured with a tapered socket for use with an 6.2.4 Squareness of Pipe Ends—All points around each end
untapered spigot and a suitable adhesive. of a pipe unit shall fall within 61⁄4 in. (66.4 mm) or 60.5 %
5.4.2.5 Flanged Joint, both integral and loose ring of the nominal diameter of the pipe, whichever is greater, to a
5.4.2.6 Mechanical Coupling, an elastomeric sealed cou- plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, when
pling with a supplemental restraining elements. measured in accordance with 8.1.4.
5.4.2.7 Threaded Joints.
6.3 Soundness—Unless otherwise agreed upon between
NOTE 7—Other types of joints may be added as they become commer- purchaser and supplier, test each length of pipe up to 54 in.
cially available. (1370 mm) diameter hydrostatically without leakage or crack-
NOTE 8—Restrained joints typically increase service loads on the pipe ing, at the internal hydrostatic proof pressures specified for the
to greater than those experienced with unrestrained joints. The purchaser
applicable class in Table 4, when tested in accordance with 8.2.
is cautioned to take into consideration all conditions that may be
encountered in the anticipated service and to consult the manufacturer For sizes over 54 in., the frequency of hydrostatic leak tests
regarding the suitability of a particular type and class of pipe for service shall be as agreed upon by purchaser and supplier.
with restrained joint systems. 6.4 Hydrostatic Design Basis:
5.5 Gaskets—Elastomeric gaskets when used with this pipe 6.4.1 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure—The pressure
shall conform to the requirements of Specification F 477. classes shall be based on long-term hydrostatic pressure data
obtained in accordance with 8.3 and categorized in accordance
6. Requirements with Table 5. Pressure classes are based on extrapolated
6.1 Workmanship: strengths at 50 years. For pipe subjected to longitudinal loads

FIG. 1 Typical Joints

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FIG. 2 Beam Strength—Test Setup

TABLE 2 Nominal Inside Diameters (ID) and Tolerances Inside Diameter Control Pipe
Inch-Pound Units SI Units
ID RangeB, mm ToleranceB on
Nominal Nominal Metric
Tolerance, in. Declared ID,
DiameterA, in. DiameterB, mm Minimum Maximum mm
8 60.25 200 196 204 61.5
10 60.25 250 246 255 61.5
12 60.25 300 296 306 61.8
14 60.25 400 396 408 62.4
15 60.25 500 496 510 63.0
16 60.25 600 595 612 63.6
18 60.25 700 695 714 64.2
20 60.25 800 795 816 64.2
21 60.25 900 895 918 64.2
24 60.25 1000 995 1020 65.0
27 60.27 1200 1195 1220 65.0
30 60.30 1400 1395 1420 65.0
33 60.33 1600 1595 1620 65.0
36 60.36 1800 1795 1820 65.0
39 60.39 2000 1995 2020 65.0
42 60.42 (2200) 2195 2220 66.0
45 60.45 2400 2395 2420 66.0
48 60.48 (2600) 2595 2620 66.0
51 60.51 2800 2795 2820 66.0
54 60.54 (3000) 2995 3020 66.0
60 60.60 3200 3195 3220 67.0
66 60.66 (3400) 3395 3420 67.0
72 60.72 3600 3595 3620 67.0
78 60.78 (3800) 3795 3820 67.0
84 60.84 4000 3995 4020 67.0
90 60.90 ... ... ... ...
96 60.96 ... ... ... ...
102 61.00 ... ... ... ...
108 61.00 ... ... ... ...
114 61.00 ... ... ... ...
120 61.00 ... ... ... ...
132 61.00 ... ... ... ...
144 61.00 ... ... ... ...
156 61.00 ... ... ... ...
A
Inside diameters other than those shown shall be permitted by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
B
Values are taken from International Standards Organization documents. Parentheses indicate non-preferred diameters.

or circumferential bending, the effect of these conditions on the in Table 6, when tested in accordance with 8.4. At deflection
hydrostatic design pressure, classification of the pipe must be level A per Table 7, there shall be no visible damage in the test
considered. specimen evidenced by surface cracks. At deflection level B
6.4.2 Control Requirements—Test pipe specimens periodi- per Table 7, there shall be no indication of structural damage as
cally in accordance with Practice D 2992. evidenced by interlaminar separation, separation of the liner or
NOTE 9—Hydrostatic design basis (HDB-extrapolated value at 50
surface layer (if incorporated) from the structural wall, tensile
years) determined in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D 2992, failure of the glass fiber reinforcement, and fracture or buck-
may be substituted for the Procedure B evaluation required by 8.3. It is ling of the pipe wall.
generally accepted that the Procedure A HDB value times 3 is equivalent
to the Procedure B HDB value. NOTE 10—This is a visual observation (made with the unaided eye) for
quality control purposes only and should not be considered a simulated
6.5 Stiffness—Each length of pipe shall have sufficient service test. Table 7 values are based on an in-use long-term deflection
strength to exhibit the minimum pipe stiffness (F/Dy) specified limit of 5 % and provide an appropriate uniform safety margin for all pipe
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 D 3517 – 06
TABLE 3 Nominal Outside Diameters (OD) and Tolerances
NOTE—The external diameter of the pipe at the spigots shall be within the tolerances given in the table, and the manufacturer shall declare his allowable
maximum and minimum spigot diameters. Some pipes are manufactured such that the entire pipe meets the OD tolerances while other pipes meet the
tolerances at the spigots, in which case, if such pipes are cut (shortened) the ends may need to be calibrated to meet the tolerances.
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Metric Ductile Iron Pipe Tolerance Upper, Tolerance Lower, International O.D., Tolerance Upper, Tolerance Lower,
Pipe Size, mm Equivalent, mm mm mm mm mm mm
200 220.0 +1.0 0.0 ... ... ...
250 271.8 +1.0 -0.2 ... ... ...
300 323.8 +1.0 -0.3 310 +1.0 -1.0
350 375.7 +1.0 -0.3 361 +1.0 -1.2
400 426.6 +1.0 -0.3 412 +1.0 -1.4
450 477.6 +1.0 -0.4 463 +1.0 -1.6
500 529.5 +1.0 -0.4 514 +1.0 -1.8
600 632.5 +1.0 -0.5 616 +1.0 -2.0
700 718 +1.0 -2.2
800 820 +1.0 -2.4
900 924 +1.0 -2.6
1000 1026 +2.0 -2.6
1200 1229 +2.0 -2.6
1400 1434 +2.0 -2.8
1600 1638 +2.0 -2.8
1800 1842 +2.0 -3.0
2000 2046 +2.0 -3.0
2200 2250 +2.0 -3.2
2400 2453 +2.0 -3.4
2600 2658 +2.0 -3.6
2800 2861 +2.0 -3.8
3000 3066 +2.0 -4.0
3200 3270 +2.0 -4.2
3400 3474 +2.0 -4.4
3600 3678 +2.0 -4.6
3800 3882 +2.0 -4.8
4000 4086 +2.0 -5.0

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TABLE 4 Hydrostatic-Pressure Test tion would result in a 20 % reduction of Level A and Level B
deflections, while a 6 % limiting deflection would result in a
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Hydrostatic Proof Pressure,

Class
gage, psi (kPa) 20 % increase in Level A and Level B deflection values.
C50 100 (689) However, minimum values for Level A and Level B deflections
C100 200 (1379)
C150 300 (2068)
shall be equivalent to strains of 0.6 and 1.0 % respectively (as
C200 400 (2757) computed by Eq X1.4 in Appendix X1 of Specification
C250 500 (3447) D 3262).
C300 600 (4136)
C350 700 (4826) 6.6 Hoop-Tensile Strength—All pipe manufactured under
C400 800 (5515) this specification shall meet or exceed the hoop-tensile strength
C450 900 (6205) shown for each size and class in Table 8, when tested in
accordance with 8.5.
6.6.1 Alternative Requirements—When agreed upon be-
TABLE 5 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure Categories
tween the purchaser and the supplier, the minimum hoop-
Minimum Calculated Values of tensile strength shall be as determined in accordance with
Class Long-Term Hydrostatic
Pressure gage, psi (kPa) 8.5.1.
C50 90 (621) 6.7 Joint Tightness—All joints shall meet the laboratory
C100 180 (1241) performance requirements, of Specification D 4161. Unre-
C150 270 (1862) strained joints shall be tested with a fixed end closure condition
C200 360 (2482)
C250 450 (3103) and restrained joints shall be tested with a free end closure
C300 540 (3722) condition. Rigid joints shall be exempt from angular deflection
C350 630 (4343) requirements of D 4161. Rigid joints typically include butt
C400 720 (4963)
C450 810 (5584) joints with laminated overlay, bell-and-spigot joints with lami-
nated overlay, flanged, bell-and-spigot adhesive bonded and
threaded.
TABLE 6 Minimum Stiffness at 5 % Deflection 6.8 Longitudinal Strength:
Pipe Stiffness, psi (kPa) 6.8.1 Beam Strength—For pipe sizes up to 27 in. the pipe
Nominal
Diameter, Designation shall withstand, without failure, the beam loads specified in
in.
A B C D
Table 9, when tested in accordance with 8.6.1. For pipe sizes
larger than 27 in., and alternatively for smaller sizes, adequate
8 ... ... 36 (248) 72 (496)
10 ... 18 (124) 36 (248) 72 (496) beam strength is demonstrated by tension and compression
12 and greater 9 (62) 18 (124) 36 (248) 72 (496) tests conducted in accordance with 8.6.2 and 8.6.3, respec-
tively, for pipe wall specimens oriented in the longitudinal
direction, using the minimum tensile and compressive strength
TABLE 7 Ring Deflection Without Damage or Structural Failure specified in Table 9.
Nominal Pipe 6.8.2 Longitudinal Tensile Strength—All pipe manufactured
Stiffness, psi
under this specification shall have a minimum axial tensile
9 18 36 72 elongation at failure of 0.25% and meet or exceed the longi-
Level A 18 % 15 % 12 % 9% tudinal tensile strength shown for each size and class in Table
Level B 30 % 25 % 20 % 15 %
10, when tested in accordance with 8.6.2.
NOTE 11—The values listed in Table 10 are the minimum criteria for
products made to this standard. The values may not be indicative of the
stiffnesses. Since the pipe stiffness values (F/Dy) shown in Table 6 vary,
axial strength of some products, or of the axial strength required by some
the percent deflection of the pipe under a given set of installation
installation conditions and joint configurations.
conditions will not be constant for all pipes. To avoid possible misappli-
cation, take care to analyze all conditions which might affect performance 6.8.3 Conformance to the requirements of 6.8.1 shall satisfy
of the installed pipe. the requirements of 6.8.2 for those pipe sizes and classes where
6.5.1 For other pipe stiffness levels, appropriate values for the minimum longitudinal tensile strength values of Table 9 are
Level A and Level B deflections (Table 7) may be computed as equal to the values of Table 10. Conformance to the require-
follows: ments of 6.8.2 shall satisfy the longitudinal tensile strength
requirements of 6.8.1.
S
72
Level A at new PS 5 new PS D 0.33
~9! (1)
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot—Unless otherwise agreed upon between the pur-
Level B at new PS 5 new Level A4 0.6 chaser and the supplier, one lot shall consist of 100 lengths of
each type, grade, and size of pipe produced.
6.5.2 Since products may have use limits of other than 5 % 7.2 Production Tests—Select one pipe at random from each
long-term deflection, Level A and Level B deflections (Table 7) lot and take one specimen from the pipe barrel to determine
may be proportionally adjusted to maintain equivalent in-use conformance of the material to the workmanship, dimensional,
safety margins. For example, a 4 % long-term limiting deflec- and stiffness, and strength requirements of 6.1, 6.2, 6.5, and

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 D 3517 – 06
TABLE 8 Minimum Hoop Tensile Strength of Pipe Wall
NOTE—The values in this table are equal to 2PD, where P is the pressure class in psi and D is the nominal diameter in inches.

Inch-Pound Units
Hoop Tensile Strength, lbf/in. Width
Nominal
Pressure Class
Diameter
(in.) C50 C100 C150 C200 C250 C300 C350 C400 C450
(psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi)
8 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 7200
10 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
12 1200 2400 3600 4800 6000 7200 8400 9600 10 800
14 1400 2800 4200 5600 7000 8400 9800 11 200 12 600
15 1500 3000 4500 6000 7500 9000 10 500 12 000 13 500
16 1600 3200 4800 6400 8000 9600 11 200 12 800 14 400
18 1800 3600 5400 7200 9000 10 800 12 600 14 400 16 200
20 2000 4000 6000 8000 10 000 12 000 14 000 16 000 18 000
21 2100 4200 6300 8400 10 500 12 600 14 700 16 800 18 900
24 2400 4800 7200 9600 12 000 14 400 16 800 19 200 21 600
27 2700 5400 8100 10 800 13 500 16 200 18 900 21 600 24 300
30 3000 6000 9000 12 000 15 000 18 000 21 000 24 000 27 000
33 3300 6600 9900 13 200 16 500 19 800 23 100 26 400 29 700
36 3600 7200 10 800 14 400 18 000 21 600 25 200 28 800 32 400
39 3900 7800 11 700 15 600 19 500 23 400 27 300 31 200 35 100
42 4200 8400 12 600 16 800 21 000 25 200 29 400 33 600 37 800
45 4500 9000 13 500 18 000 22 500 27 000 31 500 36 000 40 500
48 4800 9600 14 400 19 200 24 000 28 800 33 600 38 400 43 200
51 5100 10 200 15 300 20 400 25 500 30 600 35 700 40 800 45 900
54 5400 10 800 16 200 21 600 27 000 32 400 37 800 43 200 48 600
60 6000 12 000 18 000 24 000 30 000 36 000 42 000 48 000 54 000
66 6600 13 200 19 800 26 400 33 000 39 600 46 200 52 800 59 400
72 7200 14 400 21 600 28 800 36 000 43 200 50 400 57 600 64 800
78 7800 15 600 23 400 31 200 39 000 46 800 54 600 62 400 70 200
84 8400 16 800 25 200 33 600 42 000 50 400 58 800 67 200 75 600
90 9000 18 000 27 000 36 000 45 000 54 000 63 000 72 000 81 000
96 9600 19 200 28 800 38 400 48 000 57 600 67 200 76 800 86 400
102 10 200 20 400 30 600 40 800 51 000 61 200 71 400 81 600 91 800
108 10 800 21 600 32 400 43 200 54 000 64 800 75 600 86 400 97 200
114 11 400 22 800 34 200 45 600 57 000 68 400 79 800 91 200 10 2600
120 12 000 24 000 36 000 48 000 60 000 72 000 84 000 96 000 108 000
132 13 200 26 400 39 600 52 800 66 000 79 200 92 400 105 600 118 800
144 14 400 28 800 43 200 57 600 72 000 86 400 100 800 115 200 129 600
156 15 600 31 200 46 800 62 400 78 000 93 600 109 200 124 800 140 400
SI Units
Hoop Tensile Strength N/mm Width
Pressure
C50 C100 C150 C200 C250 C300 C350 C400 C450
Class
Nominal
345 689 1034 1379 1724 2069 2414 2759 3103
Diameter
(kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa)
(mm)
200 138 276 414 552 690 828 966 1104 1241
250 173 345 517 690 862 1035 1207 1380 1552
300 207 413 620 827 1034 1241 1448 1655 1862
350 242 482 724 965 1207 1448 1690 1931 2172
375 259 517 776 1034 1293 1552 1811 2069 2327
400 276 551 827 1103 1379 1655 1931 2207 2482
450 311 620 931 1241 1552 1862 2173 2483 2793
500 345 689 1034 1379 1724 2069 2414 2759 3103
550 380 758 1137 1517 1896 2276 2655 3035 3413
600 414 827 1241 1655 2069 2483 2897 3311 3724
700 483 965 1448 1931 2414 2897 3380 3863 4344
750 518 1034 1551 2069 2586 3104 3621 4139 4655
850 587 1171 1758 2344 2931 3517 4104 4690 5275
900 621 1240 1861 2482 3103 3724 4345 4966 5585
1000 690 1378 2068 2758 3448 4138 4828 5518 6206
1100 759 1516 2275 3034 3793 4552 5311 6070 6827
1150 794 1585 2378 3172 3965 4759 5552 6346 7137
1200 828 1654 2482 3310 4138 4966 5794 6622 7447
1300 897 1791 2688 3585 4482 5379 6276 7173 8068
1400 966 1929 2895 3861 4827 5793 6759 7725 8688
1500 1035 2067 3102 4137 5172 6207 7242 8277 9309
1700 1173 2343 3516 4689 5862 7035 8208 9381 10 550
1800 1242 2480 3722 4964 6206 7448 8690 9932 11 171

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 D 3517 – 06

TABLE 8 Continued
2000 1380 2756 4136 5516 6896 8276 9656 11 036 12 412
2200 1518 3032 4550 6068 7586 9104 10 622 12 140 13 653
2300 1587 3169 4756 6343 7930 9517 11 104 12 691 14 274
2400 1656 3307 4963 6619 8275 9931 11 587 13 243 14 894
2600 1794 3583 5377 7171 8965 10 759 12 553 14 347 16 136
2800 1932 3858 5790 7722 9654 11 586 13 518 15 450 17 377
2900 2001 3996 5997 7998 9999 12 000 14 001 16 002 17 997
3000 2070 4134 6204 8274 10 344 12 414 14 484 16 554 18 618
3400 2346 4685 7031 9377 11 723 14 069 16 415 18 761 21 100
3600 2484 4961 7445 9929 12 413 14 897 17 381 19 865 22 342
4000 2760 5512 8272 11 032 13 792 16 552 19 312 22 072 24 824

TABLE 9 Beam-Strength Test Loads 7.3.3.2 Longitudinal tensile strength.

Minimum
Minimum 7.4 Control Tests—The following test is considered a con-
Longitudinal trol requirement and shall be performed as agreed upon
Longitudinal
Nominal Beam Load Compressive
Diameter, (P)
Tensile Strength,
Strength, between the purchaser and the supplier:
per Unit of
in. Circumference
per Unit of 7.4.1 Soundness Test—60-in. (1520-mm) diameter pipe and
Circumference
larger.
lbf (kN) lbf/in. (kN/m) lbf/in. (kN/m) 7.4.2 Perform the sampling and testing for the control
8 800 (3.6) 580 (102) 580 (102) requirements for hydrostatic design basis at least once every
10 1200 (5.3) 580 (102) 580 (102)
12 1600 (7.1) 580 (102) 580 (102)
two years.
14 2200 (9.8) 580 (102) 580 (102) 7.5 For individual orders conduct only those additional tests
15 2600 (11.6) 580 (102) 580 (102) and numbers of tests specifically agreed upon between the
16 3000 (13.3) 580 (102) 580 (102)
18 4000 (17.8) 580 (102) 580 (102)
purchaser and the supplier.
20 4400 (19.6) 580 (102) 580 (102)
21 5000 (22.2) 580 (102) 580 (102) 8. Test Methods
24 6400 (28.5) 580 (102) 580 (102)
27 8000 (35.6) 580 (102) 580 (102) 8.1 Dimensions:
30 ... ... 580 (102) 580 (102) 8.1.1 Diameters:
33 ... ... 640 (111) 640 (111) 8.1.1.1 Inside Diameter—Take inside diameter measure-
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

36 ... ... 700 (122) 700 (122)

39 ... ... 780 (137) 780 (137) ments at a point approximately 6 in. (152 mm) from the end of
42 ... ... 800 (140) 800 (140) the pipe section using a steel tape or an inside micrometer with
45 ... ... 860 (150) 860 (150) graduations of 1⁄16 in. (1 mm) or less. Make two 90° opposing
48 ... ... 920 (161) 920 (161)
51 ... ... 980 (171) 980 (171) measurements at each point of measurement and average the
54 ... ... 1040 (182) 1040 (182) readings.
60 ... ... 1140 (200) 1140 (200) 8.1.1.2 Outside Diameter—Determine in accordance with
66 ... ... 1260 (220) 1260 (220)
72 ... ... 1360 (238) 1360 (238) Test Method D 3567.
78 ... ... 1480 (260) 1480 (260) 8.1.2 Length—Measure with a steel tape or gage having
84 ... ... 1600 (280) 1600 (280) graduations of 1⁄16 in. (1 mm) or less. Lay the tape or gage on
90 ... ... 1720 (301) 1720 (301)
96 ... ... 1840 (322) 1840 (322) or inside the pipe and measure the overall laying length of the
102 ... ... 1940 (340) 1940 (340) pipe.
108 ... ... 2060 (360) 2060 (360)
8.1.3 Wall Thickness—Determine in accordance with Test
114 ... ... 2180 (382) 2180 (382)
120 ... ... 2280 (400) 2280 (400) Method D 3567.
132 ... ... 2520 (440) 2520 (440) 8.1.4 Squareness of Pipe Ends—Rotate the pipe on a
144 ... ... 2740 (480) 2740 (480)
156 ... ... 2964 (519) 2964 (519)
mandrel or trunnions and measure the runout of the ends with
a dial indicator. The total indicated reading is equal to twice the
distance from a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
the pipe. Alternatively, when squareness of pipe ends is rigidly
6.6, respectively. Unless otherwise agreed upon between pur- fixed by tooling, the tooling may be verified and reinspected at
chaser and supplier, all pipes (up to 54-in. (1370-mm) diam- frequent enough intervals to ensure that the squareness of the
eter) shall meet the soundness requirements of 6.3. pipe ends is maintained within tolerance.
7.3 Qualification Tests—Sampling for qualification tests 8.2 Soundness—Determine soundness by a hydrostatic
(see section 3.2.4) is not required unless otherwise agreed upon proof test procedure. Place the pipe in a hydrostatic pressure
between the purchaser and the supplier. Qualification tests, for testing machine that seals the ends and exerts no end loads. Fill
which a certification and test report shall be furnished when the pipe with water, expelling all air, and apply internal water
requested by the purchaser include the following: pressure at a uniform rate not to exceed 50 psi (345 kPa)/s until
7.3.1 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure Test. the Table 4 test pressure specified in accordance with 6.3 is
7.3.2 Joint-Tightness Test (See 6.7). reached. Maintain this pressure for a minimum of 30 s. The
7.3.3 Longitudinal-Strength Test, including: pipe shall show no visual signs of weeping, leakage, or fracture
7.3.3.1 Beam strength and of the structural wall.

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 D 3517 – 06
TABLE 10 Longitudinal Tensile Strength of Pipe Wall

Inch-Pound Units
Longitudinal Tensile Strength lbf/in. of Circumference
Nominal
Pressure Class
Diameter
(in.) C50 C100 C150 C200 C250 C300 C350 C400 C450
(psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi)
8 580 580 580 580 580 624 700 800 900
10 580 580 580 580 650 780 875 1000 1125
12 580 580 580 624 780 936 1050 1200 1350
14 580 580 609 728 910 1092 1225 1400 1575
15 580 580 653 780 975 1170 1313 1500 1688
16 580 580 696 832 1040 1248 1400 1600 1800
18 580 580 783 936 1170 1404 1575 1800 2025
20 580 580 870 1040 1300 1560 1750 2000 2250
21 580 609 914 1092 1365 1638 1838 2100 2363
24 580 696 1044 1248 1560 1800 2100 2400 2700
27 580 783 1175 1404 1688 2025 2363 2700 3038
30 580 870 1305 1560 1875 2250 2625 3000 3375
33 627 957 1436 1716 2063 2475 2888 3300 3713
36 684 1044 1566 1800 2250 2700 3150 3600 4050
39 741 1131 1697 1872 2340 2808 3276 3744 4212
42 798 1218 1827 2016 2520 3024 3528 4032 4536
45 855 1305 1958 2160 2700 3240 3780 4320 4860
48 912 1392 2088 2304 2880 3456 4032 4608 5184
51 969 1479 2219 2448 3060 3672 4284 4896 5508
54 1026 1566 2349 2592 3240 3726 4347 4968 5589
60 1140 1740 2520 2880 3600 4140 4830 5520 6210
66 1254 1914 2673 3036 3795 4554 5313 5808 6534
72 1368 2088 2916 3312 4140 4968 5796 6336 7128
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78 1482 2106 3159 3432 4290 5148 6006 6864 7722

84 1596 2268 3402 3696 4620 5292 6174 7056 7938
90 1710 2430 3645 3960 4950 5670 6615 7380 8303
96 1824 2592 3888 4224 5280 6048 7056 7680 8640
102 1938 2754 4131 4488 5610 6426 7497 8160 9180
108 2052 2916 4374 4752 5940 6804 7938 8640 9720
114 2166 3078 4617 5016 6270 7182 8379 9120 10 260
120 2280 3240 4860 5280 6600 7560 8820 9600 10 800
132 2508 3564 5346 5808 7260 8316 9702 10 560 11 880
144 2736 3888 5832 6336 7920 9072 10 584 11 520 12 960
156 2964 4212 6318 6864 8580 9828 11 466 12 480 14 040
SI Units
Longitudinal Tensile Strength N/mm of Circumference
Pressure
C50 C100 C150 C200 C250 C300 C350 C400 C450
Class
Nominal
345 689 1034 1379 1724 2069 2414 2759 3103
Diameter
(kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa)
(mm)
200 102 102 102 102 102 109 123 140 158
250 102 102 102 102 114 137 153 175 197
300 102 102 102 109 137 164 184 210 236
350 102 102 107 127 159 191 215 245 276
375 102 102 114 137 171 205 230 263 296
400 102 102 122 146 182 219 245 280 315
450 102 102 137 164 205 246 276 315 355
500 102 102 152 182 228 273 306 350 394
550 102 107 160 191 239 287 322 368 414
600 102 122 183 219 273 315 368 420 473
700 102 137 206 246 296 355 414 473 532
750 102 152 229 273 328 394 460 525 591
850 110 168 251 301 361 433 506 578 650
900 120 183 274 315 394 473 552 630 709
1000 130 198 297 328 410 492 574 656 738
1100 140 213 320 353 441 530 618 706 794
1150 150 229 343 378 473 567 662 757 851
1200 160 244 366 403 504 605 706 807 908
1300 170 259 388 429 536 643 750 857 965
1400 180 274 411 454 567 652 761 870 979
1500 200 305 441 504 630 725 846 967 1087
1700 220 335 468 532 665 797 930 1017 1144
1800 240 366 511 580 725 870 1015 1110 1248
2000 260 369 553 601 751 902 1052 1202 1352
2200 279 397 596 647 809 927 1081 1236 1390

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TABLE 10 Continued
2300 299 426 638 693 867 993 1158 1292 1454
2400 319 454 681 740 925 1059 1236 1345 1513
2600 339 482 723 786 982 1125 1313 1429 1608
2800 359 511 766 832 1040 1192 1390 1513 1702
2900 379 539 809 878 1098 1258 1467 1597 1797
3000 399 567 851 925 1156 1324 1545 1681 1891
3400 439 624 936 1017 1271 1456 1699 1849 2080
3600 479 681 1021 1110 1387 1589 1853 2017 2270
4000 519 738 1106 1202 1503 1721 2008 2185 2459

8.3 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure—Determine the long- thicknesses greater than 0.55 in. (14 mm). Means may be
term hydrostatic pressure at 50 years in accordance with provided to minimize the bending moment imposed during the
Procedure B of Practice D 2992, with the following exceptions test. Cut three specimens from the test sample. Record the load
permitted: to fail each specimen and determine the specimen width as
8.3.1 Test at ambient temperatures between 50 and 110°F close to the break as possible. Use the measured width and
(10 and 43.5°C) and report the temperature range experienced failure load to calculate the hoop-tensile strength.
during the tests. 8.5.1 Alternative Minimum Hoop-Tensile Strength
NOTE 12—Tests indicate no significant effects on long-term hydrostatic
Requirement—As an alternative, the minimum hoop-tensile
pressure within the ambient temperature range specified. strength values may be determined as follows:
8.3.2 Determine the hydrostatic design basis for the glass F 5 ~Si/Sr!~Pr! (2)

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fiber reinforcement in accordance with the method in Annex
A1. where:
8.3.3 Calculate the long-term hydrostatic pressure and cat- F = required minimum hoop tensile strength, lbf/in.,
egorize by class in accordance with Table 5. A1.6 explains how Si = initial design hoop tensile stress, psi,
to calculate the long-term hydrostatic pressure. Sr = hoop tensile stress at rated operating pressure, psi,
8.4 Stiffness—Determine the pipe stiffness (F/Dy) at 5 % P = rated operating pressure class, psi, and
deflection for the specimen, using the apparatus and procedure r = inside radius of pipe, in.
of Test Method D 2412, with the following exceptions permit- NOTE 14—A value of F less than 4 Pr results in a lower factor of safety
ted: on short term loading than required by the values in Table 8.

//^:^^#^~^^""@:~"^$$"@#~"#:$@~^":#^:"^~~^"^~^~~^^:^~~\\
8.4.1 Measure the wall thickness to the nearest 0.01 in.
(0.25 mm). The value for Si should be established by considering the
8.4.2 Load the specimen to 5 % deflection and record the variations in glass reinforcement strength and manufacturing
load. Then load the specimen to deflection level A per Table 7 methods, but in any case should not be less than the 95 % lower
and examine the specimen for visible damage evidenced by confidence value on stress at 0.1 h, as determined by the
surface cracks. Then load the specimen to deflection level B manufacturer’s testing carried out in accordance with 6.4. The
per Table 7 and examine for evidence of structural damage, as value for Sr should be established from the manufacturer’s
evidenced by interlaminar separation, separation of the liner or hydrostatic design basis.
surface layer (if incorporated) from the structural wall, tensile 8.6 Longitudinal Strength:
failure of the glass fiber reinforcement, and fracture or buck- 8.6.1 Beam Strength—Place a 20-ft (6.1-m) nominal length
ling of the pipe wall. Calculate the pipe stiffness at 5 % of pipe on saddles at each end. Hold the ends of the pipe round
deflection. during the test. Apply beam load for the diameter of pipe
8.4.3 For production testing, test only one specimen to shown in Table 9 simultaneously to the pipe through two
determine the pipe stiffness. saddles located at the third points of the pipe (see Fig. 2). The
8.4.4 The maximum specimen length shall be 12 in. (305 loads shall be maintained for not less than 10 min with no
mm), or the length necessary to include stiffening ribs, if they evidence of failure. The testing apparatus shall be designed to
are used, whichever is greater. minimize stress concentrations at the loading points.
8.6.2 Longitudinal Tensile Strength—Determine in accor-
NOTE 13—As an alternative to determining the pipe stiffness using the
dance with Test Method D 638, except the provision for
apparatus and procedure of Test Method D 2412 the supplier may submit
to the purchaser for approval a test method and test evaluation on Test maximum thickness shall not apply.
Method D 790, accounting for the substitution of curved test specimens 8.6.3 Longitudinal Compressive Strength—Determine in ac-
and measurement of stiffness at 5 % deflection. cordance with Test Method D 695.
8.5 Hoop-Tensile Strength—Determine the hoop-tensile
strength by Test Method D 2290, except that the sections on 9. Packaging and Package Marking
Apparatus and Test Specimens may be modified to suit the size 9.1 Mark each length of pipe that meets or is part of a lot
of specimens to be tested, and the maximum load rate may not that meets the requirements of this specification at least once in
exceed 0.10 in/min. Alternatively, Test Method D 638 may be letters not less than 1⁄2 in. (12 mm) in height and of bold-type
employed. Specimen width may be increased for pipe wall style in a color and type that remains legible under normal

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 D 3517 – 06
handling and installation procedures. The marking shall in- 9.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions of
clude the nominal pipe size, manufacturer’s name or trade- Practice D 3892 shall apply to this specification.
mark, this ASTM specification number: D 3517, type, liner,
grade, class, and stiffness in accordance with the designation 10. Keywords
code in 4.2.
9.2 Prepare pipe for commercial shipment in such a way as 10.1 fiberglass pipe; hydrostatic design basis; pressure pipe;
to ensure acceptance by common or other carriers. RPMP; RTRP

ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. ALTERNATIVE HYDROSTATIC DESIGN METHOD

A1.1 The following symbols are used: P1 5 2~th sin u!~HDB!/D

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The pipe is categorized in accordance with Table A1.1.
S = tensile stress in the glass fiber reinforcement in the
hoop orientation corrected for the helix angle, NOTE A1.2—The calculated result P1 may be multiplied by the factor
psi, 6.895 to convert from psig to kPa.
P = internal pressure, psig,
P1 = long-term hydrostatic pressure, psig, A1.6 Pressure Class Rating—The classes shown in Table
D = nominal inside pipe diameter, in., A1.1 are based on the intended working pressure in psig for
th = actual cross-sectional area of glass-fiber reinforce- commonly encountered conditions of water service. The pur-
ment applied around the circumference of the pipe, chaser should determine the class of pipe most suitable to the
in.2/in., installation and operating conditions that will exist on the
u = plane angle between hoop-oriented reinforcement project on which the pipe is to be used by multiplying the
and longitudinal axis of the pipe (helix angle), values of P1 from Table A1.1 by a service (design) factor
and selected for the application on the basis of two general groups
HDB = hydrostatic-design basis, psi. of conditions. The first group considers the manufacturing and
testing variables, specifically normal variations in the material,
A1.2 The hydrostatic design is based on the estimated manufacture, dimensions, good handling techniques, and in the
tensile stress of the reinforcement in the wall of the pipe in the evaluation procedures in this method. The second group
circumferential (hoop) orientation that will cause failure after considers the application or use, specifically installation, envi-
50 years of continuously applied pressure as described in ronment, temperature, hazard involved, life expectancy de-
Procedure B of Practice D 2992. Strength requirements are sired, and the degree of reliability selected.
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calculated using the strength of hoop-oriented glass reinforce-

NOTE A1.3—It is not the intent of this standard to give service (design)
ment only, corrected for the helix angle of the fibers. factors. The service (design) factor should be selected by the design
engineer after evaluating fully the service conditions and the engineering
A1.3 Hoop-Stress Calculation is derived from the ISO properties of the specific plastic pipe material under consideration.
equation for hoop stress, as follows: Recommended service (design) factors will not be developed or issued by
S 5 PD/2~th sin u! ASTM.

This stress is used as the ordinate (long-term strength) in TABLE A1.1 Long-Term Hydrostatic Pressure Categories
calculating the regression line and lower confidence limit in Minimum Calculated Values of
accordance with Annexes A1 and A3 of Practice D 2992. Class Long-Term Hydrostatic
Pressure gage, psi (kPa)
NOTE A1.1—The calculated result for S may be multiplied by the factor C50 90 (621)
6.895 to convert from psi to kPa. C100 180 (1241)
C150 270 (1862)
A1.4 Hydrostatic-Design Basis—The value of S is deter- C200 360 (2482)
mined by extrapolation of the regression line to or 50 years in C250 450 (3103)
C300 540 (3722)
accordance with Practice D 2992. C350 630 (4343)
C400 720 (4963)
A1.5 Hydrostatic-Design Basis Categories—Convert the C450 810 (5584)
value of the HDB to internal hydrostatic pressure in psig as
follows:

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APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. INSTALLATION

X1.1 These specifications are material performance and and backfill, pipe characteristics, and care in the field construc-
purchase specifications only and do not include requirements tion work. The purchaser of the fiberglass pressure pipe
for engineering design, pressure surges, bedding, backfill or the specified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate the
relationship between earth cover load, and the strength of the field requirements with the pipe requirements and provide
pipe. However, experience has shown that successful perfor- adequate inspection at the job site.
mance of this product depends upon the proper type of bedding

X2. RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR DETERMINING GLASS CONTENT

X2.1 Determine glass content as follows: X2.1.2 As a process control, by weight of the glass fiber
X2.1.1 By ignition loss analysis in accordance with Test reinforcement applied by machine into the pipe structure.
Method D 2584 or ISO 1172.

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in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
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This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
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