supply of critical material

intro - Definition:-
Building block of essential modern day technologies
• Demand high but less supply that's why it is critical
• These minerals are used everywhere from making mobile phones computers
batteries electric vehicle and green technology likes Sonar solar panels and wind
turbine
• It mostly include graphite lithium Cobalt which year used to make ev batteries
• Then titanium and vandenum, indium .tellurium , gallium ,platinum
• Antimony, Beryllium, Cobalt, Germanium, Graphite, Indium, Lithium, Niobium, 17
Rare earths (heavy and light), Rhenium, Tantalum, Silicon, Strontium, Vanadium,
Zirconium etc
• Rare earth minerals also that are used for making magnets
• Silicon which is the key mineral for the making computer chips solar panels also rare
and critical minutes minerals...use in semiconductor
• Aerospace automobiles cameras defence entertainment systems laptops medical in
the imaging nuclear energy smartphone
Rare earth minarels
◦ it are ek collection of 17 elements namely scandium,yttirium ,,, aNd
lanthanides... Lanthanum,cerium,praseodymium,neodymium, promethium,
samarium ,,,europium gadolinium, terbium,, dysprosium,,
holmium..,erbium..thulium..ytterbium,, lutetium
• monazite is the principal source of rem
◦ The rear Earth occurs in many other minerals and are recoverble as a
 ▪ bi product of phosphate rock from
▪ Spent uranium leaching end product
▪ Thorium
◦ andra Pradesh...gujrat ..jharkhand ..Kerala...
◦ Australia..Brazil...Canada
• why critical
◦ Towards towards clean energy and digital economy this critical resource are the
key to the ecosystem that fuels this change
◦ But this supplier risk exist due to rear availability growing demand and complex
processing value chain
◦ Any supply shock can severely imperial the economy and strategic autonomy of
a country over dependent on others tor procure critical minerals
• ◦It refers to mineral resources, both primary and processed, which are: o Essential
inputs in the functioning of modern technologies, economies and national sec urity,
and o Faces supply chain disruption risk on account of nonavailability and price
volatility. •
body-
the main growing conncerns is india is not a member of the msp
Minerals Security Partnership (MSP)
◦ It is an ambitious US-led partnership of 11 countries to secure and strengthen
supply chains of critical minerals such as Cobalt, Nickel, Lithium, and other rare
earth minerals.
◦ Members include US, Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan,
Republic of Korea, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the European Commission
• the alliance is aimed at catalysing investment from governments and the private
sector to ensure that countries realise the full economic development benefit of
their geological endowments.
• It comes in the backdrop of recorded demand for critical minerals and dominance of
China in supply chain of these minerals particularly the processing stage of
production.
• Many times complex supply chain can be disrupted the hostel resume or due to
political unstable region
• So according to the 2019 usgs mineral commodity sumeris report China is the world
largest producer of the 16 critical minerals
• China according to the report by international energy agencies responsible for 70%
and 60% of the global production of Cobalt and where are in mineral
• So the level of the concentration is even higher processing operation China share of
refining around 35% nikal which is used in batteries 5270% for lithium and Cobalt
and nearly 90% of the rare Earth
• It also control Cobalt mines in the democratic republic of Congo from where the
70% of this minerals source
• So India and Australia decided to strength their partnership in the field of projects
and supply chains for critical minerals
• Australia critical mineral faciliation office and kabil has had recently signed and
moumed at ensuring reliable supply of critical India
◦ Kabil- this is a joint venture company named khanij videsh India limited he said
to be a participation of 3 centre public sector enterprise to strategic minerals
including lithium Cobalt..tungsten , vandenum,nickel
◦ Largest demand for Cobalt has been from the rechargeable battery industries
because quality is not available in India only Odisha and Jharkhand have small
production over reserve mainly Congo contribute 51% to the total reserve and
20% in Australia
◦ Karnataka Mandya district lithium deposit
why this is concerns -
 • Commonly used in the production of advanced technologies and lowemission
technologies such as semiconductors, hybrid cars, wind turbines, batteries, defence
equipment etc., they are vital in India’s digital economy transition
• lack of innovation
• unexplored domestic reserve
• environmental concerns
• production and fund
conclusion - for better devlopment and sutainable future we need to improve conserns
which will help to achive our sustainable goal ,,,self reliance ...
Strategic minerals have sexy substantial role to play development and security of the
nation and play a critical role in the development of the national economy
• Minor mineral -so according to the mines mineral regulation and development act
1957 comprise mostly such minerals locally available and have local use this are not
using any significant industries most of the building and construction materials all
into this categories
• Like Marvel granite Ben tonight bol clay China clay dolomite prescre hills for Jaiswal
caps zip some kaolin..silica..mica
Major minerals -
recently - The REEs are lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium,
neodymium, yttrium, hafnium, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, and scandium found in
anatapur andra pradesh
recently , A team of researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar has
found the presence of tantalum, a rare metal, in the Sutlej river sand in Punjab.
• The presence of tantalum is significant not only for Punjab but also India as the
metal is widely used in electronics and semiconductors
• it is a rare metal It’s grey, heavy, very hard, and one of the most corrosion-resistant
metals in use today
• It possesses high corrosion resistance because when exposed to air, it forms an
oxide layer that is extremely difficult to remove, even when it interacts with strong
and hot acid environments
• Tantalum is most prominently used in the electronic sector,The rare metal is also
used to make components for chemical plants, nuclear power plants, aeroplanes
and missiles
vanadium
• It is a chemical element with the symbol "V" and the atomic number 23 and is
classified as a transition metal.
• t is listed as one of the 30 critical minerals identified by the Government of India. •
Occurrence: It rarely exists as a free element in nature but can be found in about 65
different minerals, including magnetite, vanadinite, carnotite, and patronite.
• Brazil is the world’s largest exporter of vanadium (one-fourth of total exports), with
Russia and South Africa as the next exporters. • China has the highest vanadium
reserves and producer in the world as of 2022.• In 2021 vanadium reserves were
also found in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Energy storage: Used in vanadium redox flow batteries, a type of rechargeable
battery used for large-scale energy storage in renewable energy systems. • Steel
manufacturing: Used as an alloying element in steel production, where it imparts
increased strength, toughness, and heat resistance to the steel. o The addition of
0.15% vanadium strengthens cast iron by 10-25%. • Catalysts: Vanadium compounds
are used as catalysts in the production of chemicals, plastics, and other materials. •
Nuclear reactor