Chemistry Investigatory
Project
Preparation of a Smoke Bomb.
Shaurya Anand Darne
XII-A
ROLL.NO-20
2024-2025
CERTIFICATE.
It is hereby to certify that, the original
and genuine investigation work has
been carried out to investigate the
subject matter and the related data
collection and investigation has been
completed sincerely and satisfactorily by
Shaurya Anand Darne of class 12
A,Mount Litera Zee school, Goa,
regarding his project titled “Preparation
of a Smoke bomb”.
Teacher’s Signature.
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
I extend my sincere appreciation to my
chemistry teacher for her invaluable
guidance and advice, which were
instrumental in the successful completion
of my work. Furthermore, I am grateful to
our principal for ensuring that I had
access to all necessary facilities, thus
enabling the timely completion of the
project.
2
CONTENTS.
●AIM
●MATERIALS REQUIRED
●THEORY
●PROCEDURE
●EQUATIONS
●USES
●BIBLIOGRAPHY
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AIM.
To Prepare a Smoke Bomb.
MATERIALS REQUIRED.
• Sugar
• Potassium nitrate, KNO3, also known
Las saltpeter
• Skillet or pan
• Aluminum foil or a used tissue paper
Lroll
• Fuse for easy ignition (from fireworks)
• Cotton and tape
• Burner
4
THEORY.
A smoke bomb is a firework designed to
produce smoke upon ignition. Smoke bombs
are useful to military units, self-defense and
pranks. The smoke bomb was first created in
1848, by the inventor Robert Yale.
Colored smoke devices use a formula that
consists of an oxidizer (typically potassium
chlorate, KClO3), a fuel (generally sugar), a
moderate (such as sodium bicarbonate) to
keep the reaction from getting too hot, and a
powdered organic dye for color. The burning
of this mixture evaporates the dye and forces
it out of the device, where it condenses in the
atmosphere to form a "smoke" of finely
dispersed particles.
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PROCEDURE.
1. Pour about 3 parts potassium nitrate to 2
parts sugar into the skillet (5:3 ratio is also
good).Measurements don't need to be exact,
but you want more KNO3 than sugar. For
example, you can use 1-1/2 cups KNO3 and 1
cup sugar. If you use equal amounts of KNO3
and sugar, your smoke bomb will be harder to
light and will burn more slowly. As you
approach the 5:3 KNO3 sugar ratio, you get a
smoke bomb that burns more quickly.
2. Apply low heat to the pan. Stir the mixture
with a spoon using long strokes. If you see the
grains of sugar starting to melt along the
edges where you are stirring, remove the pan
from the heat and reduce the temperature
before continuing.
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3. Basically you are caramelizing sugar. The
mixture will melt and become a caramel or
chocolate color. Continue heating/stirring
until the ingredients are liquefied. Remove
from heat.
4. Pour the liquid onto a piece of foil or into
the cardboard roll. You can pour a smaller
amount onto a separate piece, to test the
batch. You can pour the smoke bomb into
any shape, onto an object, or into a mold. The
shape and size will affect the burning pattern.
5. If you aren't going to clean your skillet
immediately, pour hot water into the pan to
dissolve the sugar (or else it will be harder to
clean). Clean up any residue you may have
spilled out of the pan, unless you want
mini-smoke bombs on your stovetop.
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6. While the mix is still hot, push a pen lightly
down the mold and don’t remove it. Allow the
smoke bomb to cool. (About an hour) Now,
remove the pen and insert the fuse.
7. Secure the fuse with cotton.
EQUATION.
48 KNO3 + 5 C12H22O11 →24 K2CO3
+ 24 N2 + 36 CO2 + 55 H2O.
8
USES.
Smoke bombs are primarily used in military
warfare as smoke screens. Smoke screens are
usually used by infantry to conceal their
movement in areas of exposure to enemy fire
and to conceal a withdrawal.
The use of smoke screens was common in the
naval battles of World War I & II. Another
application is in smoke grenades: Smoke
grenades are canister-type grenades used as
ground- to-ground or ground-to-air signaling
devices, target or landing zone marking
devices, or as screening devices for unit
movements. Smoke grenades are normally
considered non- lethal, although incorrect
use may cause death.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY.
http://wiki.answers.com
http://wikipedia.com
http://chemistry.about.com
http://wikihow.com
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INTRODUCTION
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HYPOTHESIS
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MATERIALS
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PROCEDURE
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DATA
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RESULTS
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CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES
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