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Home / Class 9 - Total History & Civics Solutions / Jainism and Buddhism

CONTENTS
Search by lesson title History — Chapter 3
Jainism and Buddhism
Multiple Choice Questions
History — Chapter 1 Select Correct Relationship
The Harappan Civilisation
Class 9 - Total History & Civics Solutions Short Answer Questions
History — Chapter 2 Structured Questions
The Vedic Period
Thinking Skills
History — Chapter 3
Jainism and Buddhism

History — Chapter 4
The Mauryan Empire

History — Chapter 5
The Sangam Age

History — Chapter 6
The Age of the Guptas

History — Chapter 7

난청인이 꼭알아야할 정부지원금

Medieval India — (A) The Cholas

History — Chapter 8
Medieval India — (B) The Delhi Sultanate

History — Chapter 9
Medieval India — (C) The Mughal Empire
보청기 무료체험과 정부 지원금 신청법을
History — Chapter 10
알려드립니다.
Medieval India — (D) Composite Culture

History — Chapter 11
The Modern Age in Europe — (A)
Renaissance
Multiple Choice Questions
History — Chapter 12
The Modern Age in Europe — (B)
Reformation

History — Chapter 13 Question 1

The Modern Age in Europe — (C)
Industrial Revolution

Civics — Chapter 1 Which of the following means "Three

Our Constitution

Civics — Chapter 2
Baskets" of Buddhist cannon?
Salient Features of the Constitution — I

1. Jataka
Civics — Chapter 3
Salient Features of the Constitution — II

Civics — Chapter 4
Elections 2. Tripitikas
Civics — Chapter 5
Local Self-Government — Rural 3. Angas
Civics — Chapter 6
Local Self-Government — Urban
4. Dwadashangi
Appendix 2
Specimen Paper

Answer

Tripitikas

Question 2

Besides the ............... vows and other

general doctrines of Jainism, Jains are
expected to have knowledge of the ...............
truths.

1. seven
2. five
3. ten
4. nine

Answer

five, nine

Question 3

Jataka tales gives information about

1. Buddha's life
2. Socio-economic conditions
3. Climatic conditions
4. None of the above

Answer

Buddha's life

Question 4

Vardhamana Mahavira was the

1. Twenty fourth tirthankara

2. Sixth tirthankara
3. First tirthankara
4. Tenth tirthankara

Answer

Twenty fourth tirthankara

Question 5

Tirthankaras are

1. saints preaching doctrines of Hinduism

2. saints preaching doctrines of Buddhism
3. saints preaching doctrines of Jainism
4. None of the above

Answer

saints preaching doctrines of Jainism

Question 6

Jain texts were composed in

1. Local languages
2. Prakrit
3. Sanskrit
4. Both 1 and 2

Answer

Prakrit

Question 7

Buddha's Great Renunciation was a result of

1. The four great sights

2. His marriage to a princess
3. His turning into an ascetic
4. All of the above

Answer
The four great sights

Question 8

Which of the following is incorrect?

1. Mahabhiskramana : The Great

Renunciation
2. Dharmachakrapravartana : Turning of
the wheel of sacred law
3. Chaudharma : Four Noble Truths
4. Ashtangika Marg : Eightfold Path

Answer

Chaudharma : Four Noble Truths

Question 9

The members of the monastic orders of

Buddhism are called ............... and
............... .

1. Bhikshus; Bhikshunis
2. Bikhu; Bikani
3. Sangha; Sanghi
4. Vinaya; Vinayaka

Answer

Bhikshus; Bhikshunis

Question 10

Buddhist texts were mainly composed in

1. Sanskrit
 2. Pali
3. Parakrit
4. All of the above

Answer

Pali

Question 11

Semi-circular solid domes are called

...............; monasteries are called ...............
and ............... are large rectangular prayer
halls.

1. Stupas, viharas, chaityas

2. Viharas, Chaityas, stupas
3. Chaityas, viharas, stupas
4. Stupas, chaityas, viharas

Answer

Stupas, viharas, chaityas

Question 12

Which of the following vows means

"practising chastity"?

1. Asteya
2. Ahimsa
3. Aparigraha
4. Brahmacharya

Answer

Brahmacharya
Select Correct Relationship

Question 1

(A) In the sixth century BC, orthodox

religious beliefs and practices were
challenged by the new sects.

(B) During this period, Jainism and

Buddhism emerged as important religious
reform movements.

1. (B) contradicts (A)

2. (B) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (B) is false.
4. (A) and (B) are independent of each
other.

Answer

(B) is the reason for (A)

Explanation — Jainism and Buddhism

emerged as important religious reform
movements against the orthodox religious
beliefs.

Question 2

(A) Angas and Upangas are Jain texts which

were orally passed on by religious leaders to
their pupils.

(B) Tripitikas are the most important literary

works of Jains.
 1. (B) contradicts (A)
2. (B) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (B) is false.
4. (A) and (B) are independent of each
other.

Answer

(A) is true but (B) is false.

Explanation — Tripitikas are the most

important literary works of Buddhists.

Question 3

(A) Jainism and Buddhism grew and spread

as a reaction against ritualism prevalent in
the existing religious practises.

(B) Most of the Vedic literature was

composed in Sanskrit and difficult to be
understood by the common people.

1. (B) contradicts (A)

2. (B) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (B) is false.
4. (A) and (B) are independent of each
other.

Answer

(B) is the reason for (A)

Explanation — Most of the Vedic literature

was composed in Sanskrit and difficult to be
understood by the common people. This led
to need of a religion that was easy to
understand and follow. Jainism and
Buddhism used languages like Prakrit and
Pali, which was easily understood by
common people.

Question 4

(A) Mahavira attained salvation at Pavapuri

in Bihar.

(B) Mahavira gave his first sermon at Deer

Park in Sarnath near Varanasi.

1. (B) contradicts (A)

2. (B) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (B) is false.
4. (A) and (B) are independent of each
other.

Answer

(A) is true but (B) is false.

Explanation — It was Gautama Buddha, not

Mahavira, who gave his first sermon at Deer
Park in Sarnath near Varanasi.

Question 5

(A) According to Jainism, good deeds alone

liberate a man from the cycle of life and
death.

(B) Jains believe in Moksha or freedom from

the cycle of births and rebirths.
 1. (B) contradicts (A)
2. (B) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (B) is false.
4. (A) and (B) are independent of each
other.

Answer

(B) is the reason for (A)

Explanation — Moksha or freedom from the

cycle of births and rebirths is the ultimate
goal of Jainism. Good deeds or ethical
conduct, which includes non-violence, truth,
non-stealing, chastity, and non-attachment,
are believed to help in the liberation of a soul
from the cycle of life and death.

Question 6

(A) Mahavira adopted the language of the

common people, i.e., Prakrit to preach his
doctrines.

(B) Buddhists adopted Pali language in their

literature.

1. (B) contradicts (A)

2. (B) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (B) is false.
4. (A) and (B) are independent of each
other.

Answer
(A) and (B) are independent of each other.

Explanation — Use of Prakrit and Pali was

the reason behind the popularity of
Buddhism and Jainism.

Question 7

(A) Jains believed in Nine Truths and Tri-

ratnas.

(B) Buddhists believed in Four Noble Truths

and the Eightfold Path.

1. (B) contradicts (A)

2. (B) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (B) is false.
4. (A) and (B) are independent of each
other.

Answer

(A) and (B) are independent of each other.

Explanation — In Jainism, nine truths are

followed and the Tri-ratnas or Three Jewels
are Right Faith, Right Knowledge and Right
Conduct. In Buddhism, the Four Noble
Truths explain the nature of suffering and the
Eightfold Path provides a way to achieve
freedom from suffering and enlightenment.

Question 8

(A) Hinayana does not believe that Buddha

was God.
(B) Mahayana believes that Buddha was an
incarnation of God.

1. (B) contradicts (A)

2. (B) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (B) is false.
4. (A) and (B) are independent of each
other.

Answer

(A) and (B) are independent of each other

Explanation — Hinayana considered

Buddha as a human being who attained
enlightenment. The Mahayana tradition, on
the other hand, viewed the Buddha as a
divine being or an incarnation of God.

Question 9

(A) Both Jainism and Buddhism did not

accept the Vedas.

(B) Buddhism believes in the middle path

whereas Jainas believed in hard penance.

1. (B) contradicts (A)

2. (B) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (B) is false.
4. (A) and (B) are independent of each
other.

Answer

(A) and (B) are independent of each other.

Explanation — Both Jainism and Buddhism
did not accept the authority of the Vedas.
Buddhism believes in the Middle Way, which
avoids the extremes of self-indulgence and
self-mortification.

Short Answer Questions

Question 1

What are angas? What is the subject matter

of these angas?

Answer

The teachings of Lord Mahavira after gaining

omniscience, was compiled by his disciples
in 12 parts called Angas.

The Angas discuss religious rites, stages of

householder's life, the vows of chastity, rules
of conduct and other features of Jain
philosophy.

Question 2

What are Tripitikas? Name the three

Tripitikas.

Answer

Tripitikas are most important literary works of

Buddhists which were written on long and
narrow leaves in Pali language and were
stored in baskets. The word Tripitikas means
"The Three Baskets".
The three Tripitikas are:

1. The Vinaya Pitaka

2. The Sutta Pitaka
3. The Abhidhamma Pitaka

Question 3

State two important causes for the rise of

Jainism and Buddhism.

Answer

The two important causes for the rise of

Jainism and Buddhism are:

1. Corruption in religion — Priests were

extracting money from common people
in the name of rituals. Brahmins had
become stronger and their hold on
society needed to be weakened.
2. Rigid caste system — The rigid caste
system had resulted in so many
restrictions and did not allow social
mobility. People were in need of a liberal
religion.

Question 4

Who was Vardhamana Mahavira? Give the

significance of both parts of his name.

Answer

Vardhamana Mahavira was the twenty-fourth

and the last tirthankara. He is considered as
the founder of Jainism.

He was called Mahavira because he was

very brave and had also saved his
colleagues. At the time of his birth, his
father's kingdom was very prosperous and
so he was called Vardhamana (meaning
prosperity).

Question 5

List any four vows prescribed for the Jains.

Answer

The four vows prescribed for the Jains are:

1. Ahimsa: Non-violence
2. Achaurya or Asteya: Not stealing
3. Satya: Not telling a lie
4. Aparigraha: Not possessing property

Question 6

What are known as the Triratnas?

Answer

The Triratnas or the Three Jewels are the

principles to be followed to attain the
ultimate goal of salvation. The Triratnas are:

1. Right faith
2. Right knowledge
3. Right conduct or action

Question 7
Give two causes for the spread of Jainism.

Answer

The two causes for the spread of Jainism

are:

1. Local Dialect — Mahavira adopted the

language of common people, i.e, Prakrit
instead of Sanskrit to preach his
doctrines.
2. Royal Patronage — Jainism received
royal patronage of Chalukyas and
Rashtrakutas. Chandragupta Maurya is
also said to have converted to Jainism.
Kharvela helped in spread of Jainism in
eastern India.

Question 8

Name the two sects into which Jainism got

divided. Why were they so called?

Answer

The two sects into which Jainism got divided

were:

1. Shvetambaras or White clad.

2. Digambaras or sky-clad.

Digambara sect is called so as the sanskrit

word Digambar means sky-clad, referring to
their traditional monastic practice of neither
possessing nor wearing any clothes.
Shvetambara means white clad as it refers
to its ascetics' practice of wearing white
clothes.

Question 9

List any two reasons for Jainism having few

followers.

Answer

Two reasons for Jainism having few

followers are:

1. Jainism preached rigid austerity. The

theory of ahimsa was extended even to
wearing of clothes.
2. It did not get royal patronage from
contemporary rulers.

Question 10

Who was Gautam Buddha? Where was he

born?

Answer

Gautam Buddha was the founder of

Buddhism. He was born at Lumbini near
Kapilavastu, in Nepal.

Question 11

What are known as Four Great Sights?

Answer

The sights that led to Great Renunciation of

Gautama Buddha are called Four Great
Sights. They are:

1. An Old Man
2. A Sick Man
3. A Dead Man
4. An Ascetic

Question 12

How did Buddha attain enlightenment?

Answer

After leaving home, Gautam Buddha studied

under renowned teachers of Rajgriha and
then went to Gaya. He practised severe
penance and led a life of extreme austerity
and at the age of thirty-five he attained
enlightenment at Bodh Gaya in Bihar.

Question 13

Give four Noble Truths of Buddhism.

Answer

The four Noble Truths of Buddhism are:

1. The world is full of suffering.

2. The suffering has a cause.
3. Desire is the cause of suffering.
4. If desire is stopped, suffering can also
be stopped.

Question 14

Give any four points of the Eightfold Path of

Buddha.

Answer

The way to Nirvana or the path that leads to

removal of suffering is known as the
eightfold path. The four points of the
Eightfold Path of Buddha are:

1. Right action — To remain away from

theft, luxuries and violence
2. Right thought — To remain away from
empty rituals and worldly evils.
3. Right belief — To give up desire.
4. Right speech — Speak the truth and do
not think ill of others.

Question 15

Give the meaning of Buddha and Tathagat.

Answer

The meaning of Buddha is the Enlightened

One.
The meaning of Tathagat is the founder of
Truth.

Question 16

Buddha delivered his first sermon at

Sarnath. What is this event called? What the
literal meaning of the name of the event.

Answer

Buddha delivered his first sermon at the

Deer park in Sarnath near Varanasi in the
presence of five ascetics.This event was
known as Dharmachakraparivartan. The
literal meaning of the name of the event is
'the turning of the wheel of sacred law'.

Question 17

Name any two principles that governed the

Sangha.

Answer

The two principles that governed the Sangha

are:

1. Membership — The members were

required to renounce the world and take
oath before joining sangha.
2. Ten Commandments — They had to
lead a disciplined life and follow the Ten
Commandments.

Question 18

State any two features of Buddhism that

attracted people towards it.

Answer

The two features of Buddhism that attracted

people towards it are:

1. The importance given to conduct and

values rather than claims of superiority
based on birth.
2. Compassion for the young and the weak
 .

Question 19

Give two differences between Hinayana and

Mahayana Buddhism.

Answer

The two differences between Hinayana and

Mahayana Buddhism are:

1. Hinayana denied the existence of God

while Mahayana was a combination of
Buddhism and Hinduism with faith in
God.
2. Hinayana believed that Buddha was a
human being who attained
enlightenment and Nirvana through his
own efforts but Mahayana regarded
Buddha as an incarnation of God who
could ensure salvation.

Question 20

Give two causes for decline of Buddhism.

Answer

The two causes for decline of Buddhism are:

1. Split in Buddhism — The popularity and

prestige of Buddhism suffered due to its
division into Hinayana, Mahayana and
sixteen other sects. Each sect had its
own followers.
 2. Corruption in Sangha —Buddhist
sangha received patronage of royalty
and had become very rich. The monks
and nuns started leading a luxurious life
instead of simple spiritual life.

Structured Questions

Question 1

With reference to the sources of information

about Jainism and Buddhism, state the
significance of the following:

(a) Angas

(b) Tripitikas

(c) Jatakas

Answer

(a) The Angas are regarded as the most

important part of Jain doctrines. They are the
compilation of whatever Lord Mahavira
taught after gaining omniscience. The Angas
were compiled in Twelve parts and are
collectively known as Dwadashangi. The two
well known and most important Angas are
the Aacharang Sutra that deals with the code
of conduct for Jain monks and the Vyakhya
Pragnapti or Bhagavati Sutra that gives
comprehensive description of Jain doctrines.
The Angas discuss religious rites, stages of
a householder's life, the vows of chastity,
rules of conduct and all the philosophies of
Jainism. Based on these angas, the seers
also compiled 12 auxiliary works that came
to be known as Upangas. The Angas and
Upangas provide detailed knowledge about
Jainism.

(b) The Tripitikas are considered as the most

important literary works of Buddhists. The
three tripitikas are following:

1. The Vinaya Pitaka — It deals with rules

and regulations for monks and nuns. It
gives an account of life and teachings of
Buddha as well as aspects of ancient
history, customs and arts of the period.
2. The Sutta Pitaka — It comprises the
discourses of Buddha and some of his
disciples such as Sariputta, Ananda and
others. The Dhammapada (way of truth)
is an important component of this
Pitaka.
3. The Abhidhamma Pitaka — It describes
Buddhist philosophy, working of human
mind and state of matter.

Besides being the most reliable source of

information about Buddhism, the Tripitakas
also provide a glimpse of the social,
economic and political life of people of that
period.

(c) Jatakas refer to tales which describe the

previous births of Buddha in animal and
human forms. According to Jatakas the
future Buddha may appear as a king, an
outcast, a God, an elephant; but in whatever
form, he exhibits some virtue that the tale
thereby highlights. The Jatakas provide very
little biographical material about Gautama
Buddha's own life but throw a significant light
on the political, economical and social
conditions of people from the fifth to the
second century BC. They also reflect
Buddhist morals, ethics and principles.

Question 2

With reference to Jainism and Buddhism,

answer the following questions:

(a) Give briefly the background of socio-

economic conditions in 6th century BC.

(b) State any three causes for the rise of

Jainism and Buddhism.

(c) What caused the division of Jainism into

two sects?

Answer

(a) In 6th century BC, with expansion of

Aryan settlements to the east, there were
rapid changes in the socio-economic
conditions. Society at some places had traits
of Tribal political organisation while at other
places kingdoms were on the rise.
Materialism and spiritualism both existed
side by side. People started to lead a settled
life due to surplus production, expanding
trade and market. There were wars among
tribes for territory expansion. The expansion
of territory created large kingdoms called
Janapadas. A number of Janapadas joined
together to form bigger and powerful
independent kingdoms called
Mahajanapadas. During this period orthodox
religious beliefs and practices were
challenged and even rejected by the new
sects like Jainism and Buddhism.

(b) The three causes for the rise of Jainism

and Buddhism were:

1. Reaction against Ritualism —

Religious ceremonies had become very
expensive and were beyond the means
of ordinary people. This gave rise to
faiths that were simple and inexpensive.
2. Corruption in Religion — The Priests
used to extract money from people on
the name of yajnas, rites and rituals.
Kshatriya rulers protested against such
practices. Both Jainism and Buddhism
were founded by Kshatriya princes.
3. Rigid Caste System — The caste
system had become so rigid that it was
not allowing any social mobility.
Interchange of caste was impossible.
Jainism and Buddhism gave a simple
and liberal society to the people of that
 period.

(c) The division of Jainism into two sects

was the result of differences between
Bhadrabahu and Sthulabhadra. Bhadrabahu
took Jainism to Karnataka and Sthulbhadra
was based in Magadha. Their was clash of
ideas between the two and subsequently the
Jainism divided into Shvetambharas and
Digambaras led by Sthulabhadra and
Bhadrabahu respectively. Shvetambharas
wore white clothes and covered their faces
with small white cloth to avoid killing the
tiniest of insects or germs that might enter
the nose while breathing while Digambaras
did not believe in covering their bodies.
According to them, living without clothes
signified detachment from worldly pleasures
and it avoided killing of life forms.

Question 3

With reference to Jainism answer the

following questions:

(a) Who was Mahavira? Why was he called

Jina?

(b) State the five vows which a Jain

householder has to take.

(c) State the Jains view on Karma and

salvation.

Answer
(a) Mahavira was the twenty-fourth and last
of the tirthankaras. He is considered as the
founder of Jainism because he made
Jainism popular and systematic.
Mahavira was called Jina because after
obtaining the supreme knowledge, he
subdued his desires and became the
conqueror. The term jina was used for those
who have conquered their desires.

(b) The five vows which a Jain householder

has to take are:

1. Ahimsa: non violence.

2. Achaurya or Asteya: not stealing.
3. Satya: not telling a lie.
4. Aparigraha: not possessing property.
5. Brahmacharya: practising chastity.

(c) Jains view on Karma and salvation are:

1. Karma — The Jains believed that one

should be responsible for one's own
Karma or actions and good deeds alone
liberate a man from the cycle of life and
death.
2. Salvation — Jains believed in salvation
or Moksha. According to them it was
necessary to practice the tri-ratnas of
right faith, right knowledge and right
action to attain salvation.

Question 4
With reference to Buddhism, answer the
following questions:

(a) Who was Gautama Buddha? How did he

achieve enlightenment?

(b) What is known as

'Dharamachakrapravartana'?

(c) How did Buddha have a large following?

Answer

(a) Gautama Buddha was the founder of

Buddhism. He was a Kshatriya prince who
left his home to find solution for pain and
sufferings of men.
After leaving home, Gautama studied under
renowned teachers of Rajgriha and then
went to Gaya. He practised severe penance
and led a life of extreme austerity and at the
age of thirty-five he attained enlightenment.

(b) After enlightenment, Gautama Buddha

delivered his first sermon at Deer Park in
Sarnath near Varanasi in presence of five
ascetics. This event in the history of
Buddhism is known as
'Dharamachakrapravartana' meaning the
turning of the wheel of sacred law.

(c) Buddha gave importance to conduct and

values rather than claims of superiority
based on births. Buddha insisted on feeling
of compassion for the young and weak. He
preached universal brotherhood of mankind.
He wanted people to live in peace, setting
aside all their difference. He gave people a
simple and inexpensive way to salvation.
These are a few ways by which Lord Buddha
got a large following.

Question 5

With reference to Buddhism, answer the

following questions:

(a) What is the eight fold path?

(b) What was impact of Buddhism on the

socio-religious life of the people?

(c) What role did Sangha played in the

spread of Buddhism?

Answer

(a) The way to Nirvana, in Buddhism, or the

path that leads to removal of suffering, is
known as the Eightfold path. It is also known
as Ashtangika Marg or the Middle Path. The
Eightfold Path includes:

1. Right action — To remain away from

theft, luxuries and violence.
2. Right thought — To remain away from
empty rituals and worldly evils.
3. Right belief — To give up desire.
4. Right living — Not to have dishonest
dealing with others.
 5. Right speech — Speak the truth and do
not think ill of others.
6. Right effort — Work for deliverance from
sins and for the welfare of others.
7. Right recollection — Think about pious
things.
8. Right meditation — Concentrate on only
what is right.

(b) Buddhism led to improvement in social

and religious life of people. The hindus
started a reform movement within hinduism.
The costly yajnas and sacrifice and rigidity of
caste system were done with. Buddhism
fostered intellectual tradition and exposed
the weakness in our society. The weaker
section of the society who had been
subjected to many atrocities got an
opportunity to have their say in matters of
political and social life.

(c) Sangha played an important role in the

spread of Buddhism as it was established to
spread Buddhism and it's teachings.
Members of Sangha had to take an oath
before joining it. Sangha became very
powerful and helped to spread Buddhism far
and wide. The members had to follow the ten
commandments or Paramita to lead a
disciplined life. The Bhikshus and Bhikshunis
had to roam around for eight months in a
year spreading Buddhism. Many Viharas
were made for them to sleep and take rest.
In the Viharas, the members led a life of
chastity, austerity, devotion and purity.

Question 6

With reference to the given pictures, answer

the following questions:

(a) Identify the two preachers, whose images

are given. Name the religions founded by
them.

(b) Mention three main teachings of each of

the two religions founded by these
preachers.

(c) Mention any two similarities and two

dissimilarities between the two religions
founded by them.

Answer

(a) The given images and religion founded

by them are:
 A → Gautama Buddha. He founded
Buddhism.
B → Mahavira. He founded Jainism.

(b) Three main teachings of Buddhism are:

1. Karma — Buddhism believed in the

theory of Karma. It said that man is the
maker of his own destiny and it believed
in rebirth.
2. Nirvana — The ultimate goal of life is to
attain Nirvana or Salvation which is
freedom from the cycle of birth and
death.
3. Ahimsa — Buddhism insisted on the
path of non-violence.

Three main teachings of Jainism are:

1. The Five Vows — A Jain householder

has to take the following five vows:
i. Ahimsa: Non-violence
ii. Achaurya or Asteya: Not stealing
iii. Satya: Not telling a lie
iv. Aparigraha: Not possessing
property
v. Brahmacharya: practising chastity
2. Nine truths — According to Jainism ,the
knowledge of Nine Truths is essential
and only renunciation is the shortest
way to salvation. These nine truths are:
i. Jiva (Living Things)
 ii. Ajiva (non-living things)
iii. Punya (results of good deeds)
iv. Pap (sin)
v. Ashrav (good deeds)
vi. Sanvar (hindrances in the way of
karma)
vii. Bandha (bondage)
viii. Nirjara (destruction of karmas)
ix. Moksha (salvation)
3. Karma — Jainism believed in the theory
of Karma. It preached that one should
be responsible for one's own Karma or
actions. Good deeds alone liberate a
man from the cycle of life and death.

(c) Similarities:

1. The founders of both the religions

belonged to Kshatriya clan and followed
the similar path of renunciation.
2. Both of them did not accept the Vedas.

Dissimilarities:

1. Buddhism was completely new religion

in 6th century BC while Jainism was
founded long before Mahavira.
2. Buddhism followed a middle path but
Jainism believed in hard penance.

Thinking Skills

Question 1
The most important precept of Jainism is
ahimsa or non-violence. It was popularised
by Mahatma Gandhi during India's freedom
struggle. Do you think the philosophy of
ahimsa is as relevant today as it was in the
era of Mahavira?

Answer

Philosophy of Ahimsa or non-violence is as

relevant today as it was in the era of
Mahavira. It is so because the world today is
experiencing violence in form of terrorism,
war, domestic violence etc. In todays world
of pain and suffering there is dire need of the
philosophy of non-violence which literally
means 'non-injury' and 'non-killing'.

Question 2

What were the reasons due to which

Buddhism could spread beyond the Indian
borders in other countries of the world?

Answer

Following were the reasons due to which

Buddhism could spread beyond the Indian
borders in other countries of the world:

1. Foreign monks who travelled along the

silk route helped to spread Buddhism.
2. Ashoka promoted Buddhist expansion
by sending monks to surrounding
territories.
 3. Travelling due to trade relations led to
spread of Buddhism.

Question 3

List the similarities and differences of the

religions — Jainism, Buddhism and
Hinduism.

Answer

Similarities

1. All the three — Jainism, Buddhism and

Hinduism originated in ancient India and
have influenced each other.
2. They believe in reincarnation or rebirth
after death.
3. Their ultimate goal is to attain Moksha.
4. Karma is an important concept in all
three religions.

Differences

S.
Hinduism Buddhism Jainis
No.

Founded by
No Founded
1. Gautam
founder Rishabd
Buddha

Creator of
Universe is Universe
2. Universe
God itself is G
is God
 S.
Hinduism Buddhism Jainis
No.
Very stri
Strict and Simple and
regardin
3. expensive inexpensive
non-
Rituals faith
violence

Rigid
No caste No caste
4. caste
system system
system

Question 4

Buddhism which emerged in ancient India

against the Brahmanic social order, has
gained importance in contemporary India.
State your views giving examples.

Answer

Buddhism, which emerged in ancient India

as a response to the Brahmanic social order,
has indeed gained importance in
contemporary India. There are several
reasons for this, some of which are:

1. Emphasis on non-violence —
Buddhism has always emphasized non-
violence and compassion towards all
living beings, which has become
increasingly relevant in contemporary
India. With the rise of communal and
sectarian violence, many people have
turned to Buddhism as a way of
 promoting peace and harmony.
2. Influence on modern Indian leaders
— Several modern Indian leaders, such
as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar were deeply
influenced by Buddhism. Ambedkar, in
particular, converted to Buddhism in
1956, and his followers have continued
to promote the religion as a means of
empowerment for Dalits, who have
historically faced discrimination in India.
3. Interest in meditation and
mindfulness — Buddhism has also
gained popularity in India due to its
emphasis on meditation and
mindfulness practices. Many people in
contemporary India are turning to these
practices as a means of coping with
stress and anxiety in their daily lives.

Question 5

Write the script of a play on the life and

times of Gautam Buddha.

Answer

Title: The Enlightened One

Characters:

Gautama Buddha
Queen Maya (Buddha's mother)
King Suddhodana (Buddha's father)
Ananda (Buddha's disciple and cousin)
Mara (the demon of illusion)
Act 1:
Scene 1: The birth of Gautama Buddha
The play opens with Queen Maya giving
birth to Prince Siddhartha Gautama. The
king and queen celebrate his birth, with the
king envisioning a bright future for his son.
However, a prophecy is revealed that the
prince will either become a great king or a
great sage, causing King Suddhodana to
worry about his son's future.

Scene 2: The young prince

The play fast-forwards to Prince Siddhartha's
teenage years, where he is depicted as a
curious and introspective youth. He becomes
increasingly interested in the nature of
suffering and the meaning of life, much to
the confusion of his father and the courtiers.

Act 2:
Scene 1: The Great Renunciation
Prince Siddhartha, now a young man, is
married and has a child. One day as his
charioteer is driving him through the town,
he sees an old man bent with age. Then he
sees a sick man groaning in pain. After that
he witnesses a dead body of a man being
carried for cremation. He is consoled when
he sees an ascetic in search of salvation. He
becomes disillusioned with his life of luxury
and decides to renounce his material
possessions and seek the truth. This
decision causes great distress to his family,
particularly his father, who wants him to
become a great king.

Scene 2: The search for enlightenment

The prince embarks on a journey to find
enlightenment, seeking the advice of several
spiritual teachers along the way. However,
he remains dissatisfied with their teachings
and continues his search.

Act 3:
Scene 1: Enlightenment
After several years of meditation and self-
reflection, Prince Siddhartha attains
enlightenment under a Bodhi tree. He
becomes known as the Buddha, or the
enlightened one. Ananda, his cousin and
disciple, witnesses the event.

Scene 2: The first sermon

The Buddha travels to the Deer Park in
Sarnath and delivers his first sermon, known
as the Four Noble Truths. Ananda and other
disciples listen intently as the Buddha
explains the nature of suffering and the path
to liberation.

Act 4:
Scene 1: The spread of Buddhism
The Buddha continues to travel and teach,
gathering a large following of monks and
laypeople. He performs several miracles and
attracts the attention of Mara, the demon of
 illusion, who tries to distract him from his
mission.

Scene 2: The Mahaparinirvana

The play ends with the Buddha's death,
known as the Mahaparinirvana. Ananda and
the other disciples mourn his passing, but
the Buddha reminds them that his teachings
will live on through the Dharma. The play
concludes with Ananda reciting one of the
Buddha's famous quotes, "All conditioned
things are impermanent. Strive on with
diligence."

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