CASE: DESCRIBING PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER

JUDY--- LAGING NAHIHIMATAY--- FROG DISSECTION 1. Presenting problem

- Sinasbi yung mga symptoms nila
TRIGGER: BLOOD, BADAGES - Makikita dito yung pattern of thoughts ng
patient
DIAGNOSIS: BLOOD-INJURY PHOBIA
COURSE OF A DISORDER
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
Aka its natural history
- aka Problematic Abnormal Behavior
- psychological dysfunction within an individual Refers to the development of the disease in a patient
that is associated with distress or impairment or including the sequence or the speed of stages and
response that is not typical or culturally forms they take
expected
Paano yung pattern nang pag ma-manifest nito sa
CRITERIA FOR ABNORMALITY  4Ds isang tao

Function/impairment a. Chronic courses

Anger Eg. Schizophrenia

1. Psychological Dysfunction b. Episodic courses-

- Cognitive dys. - nawawala after ng intervention
- Unexplained emotion  no emotion regulation - Depdende sa context ng tao pwede mag occur
- Malfunction sa behavior
2. Distress or impairment Eg. Depression , bipolar ,
- Nakaka-bother yung beh.
3. Deviant or atypical c. Time limited course
- - One time lang mangyayari
4. Dangerous - Hindi na need ng sobrang effort
- Nagpo-pose ng threat sa sarili at iba - Nawwala ng mag-isa

Manic phase PROGNOSIS ( frog nose sis )

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth - A forecast of a likely course of the disease
Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) features the most current
text updates based on scientific literature with contributions TYPES OF PROGNOSIS
from more than 200 subject matter experts.BIBLE ng mga Good p. Good outcome
Psych Guarded p Bad o.

Psychopathology
After ng diagnosis , ano course then ano future ng
scientific study of mental illness or disorders psychopathology na ito?

Sino pwede mag-diagnosed ? Etiology

Psychiatrist - Cause of a diseases… causation

diagnosed thru determining the patients symptoms BIOPSYCHOSOIAL APPROACH

T: biological treatment HOLISTIC APPROACH

rPsy

assess a person’s function and how it effects its life

T: psychotheraphy

LAWS

 RA 9258, Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004

G C goal;: focus sa normal development ng mga normal na

tao ; maximize a person’s potential
STUDYING PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
 RA 10029 Or Psychology Act of 2009
1. Determine if may presence ng psychopathology
 - Gamitin 4Ds Psychodynamic theory
2. Determine the course and give a prognosis
- Applicable sa mga psychopathology
3. Determine the cause of the disorder
- Biopsychosocial HUMANISTIC
4. Determine the best treatment / intervention
base on the cause - Mas applicable sa normal population kase included na
dyan self-actulization
Explaining Psychopathology:
SUPERNATURAL and BIOLOGICAL Tradition Behaviorism

- Alternative sa psychoanalysis
- Hippocrates and Galen thought that four different - Ivan , BF , Watson (little albert experiment)
human temperaments (i.e., personalities) resulted - Effective in learning and unlearning something
from the relative concentrations of blood, black
bile, yellow bile, and phlegm in the body. Today, Classical conditioning is one of those unconscious
this might strike you as absurd, and indeed, we learning methods and is the most straightforward way in
now know that it is incorrect. which humans can learn. Classical conditioning is the
process in which an automatic, conditioned response is
BLOODLETTING ginagawa to balance 4 humors. paired with specific stimuli.

ECT(electroconvulsive theraphy) Operant conditioning, sometimes called instrumental

conditioning or Skinnerian conditioning, is a method of
- Memory loss yung side effect learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify
- Sumasaya right after behavior. Through operant conditioning, behavior that is
rewarded is likely to be repeated, while behavior that is
1950s punished is prone to happen less.

- panahon na na-papopularized yung medication Contingency management refers to a type of behavioural

therapy in which individuals are 'reinforced', or rewarded, for
Psychotic symptoms evidence of positive behavioural change.

- includes delusions and hallucination Eg. token economy

Neuroleptics / major tranquilizers
- used for psychosis

Consequence:

1. decreased intrest sa psychopathlogy

2. became more scientific ang approach

Sigmund FREUD and ABNORMAL Behavior:

PSYCHOLOGICAL Tradition of Explaining
Psychopathology

Moral theraphy
Integrative counselling draws on techniques from different
- form of psychotherapy from the 19th century types of therapy to tailor an approach specifically for you. An
based on the belief that a person with a mental integrative counsellor believes there isn't just one therapeutic
disorder could be helped by being treated with approach that can help a client in all situations.
compassion, kindness, and dignity in a clean,
comfortable environment that provided freedom of INTEGRATIVE Approach and STRESS DIATHESIS
movement, opportunities for occupational and MODEL
social activity, and reassuring talks
Additional:
A phobia is an uncontrollable, irrational, and lasting fear of a
Psychoanalysis
certain object, situation, or activity. This fear can be so
overwhelming that a person may go to great lengths to avoid
- Binuo ni SF dahil kay Anna O ( Bertha Pappenheim)
the source of this fear. One response can be a panic attack.
- Freud used Anna O.'s case as a foundation for his
theories on psychoanalysis, particularly the
sympathetic nervous system is best known for its role in
concepts of free association and transference. He
responding to dangerous or stressful situations.
believed her symptoms resulted from repressed
memories and traumas and that talking about
help you get out of danger.
these experiences could alleviate the symptoms.
Hysteria parasympathetic nervous system predominates in quiet
- often used to describe emotionally charged “rest and digest” conditions while the sympathetic nervous
behavior that seems excessive and out of control. system drives the “fight or flight” response in stressful
- first mental disorder attributable to women, situations.
- Oedipal conflict

Joelf Breuer
The diathesis-stress model, also known as the
- Kasama ni SF vulnerability–stress model, is a psychological theory
that attempts to explain a disorder, or its trajectory, as
the result of an interaction between a predispositional
vulnerability

Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviors and

environment can cause changes that affect the way your
genes work. Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic changes are
reversible and do not change your DNA sequence, but they
can change how your body reads a DNA sequence.

Why and HOW TO DIAGNOSE Psych DISORDERS

ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS
Panic Disorder atleast 1 month
In-depth study of a prson’s Answers what disorders does
functioning this person has?
Agoraphobia
One way to evaluate a person
Papangalanan mo
a type of anxiety disorder. A person with agoraphobia is
afraid to leave environments they know or consider to be
safe. In severe cases, a person with agoraphobia considers
their home to be the only safe environment.

SAD Performance
1 st na ginagawa sa thraphy is ACCEPT THAT U HAVE IT

- Stage fright

EMIL KRAEPLIN

- Classical categorization

Prototypical Approach

- Ito yung ginagamit ng DSM-V TR

DSM-V
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a talking therapy
- Grouping of disorders that can help you manage your problems by changing the
- Cinical description way you think and behave. It's most commonly used to treat
- Prevalence anxiety and depression, but can be useful for other mental
- Prognosis and physical health problems
- Neurological  psychological
May SOCRATIC METHOD dito

Systematic desensitization is one form of exposure

Comorbidity is a medical term that you may have heard
therapy used in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). It aims
your doctor use. It describes the existence of more than one
to reduce anxiety, stress, and avoidance by gradually
disease or condition within your body at the same time.
exposing a person to the source of their discomfort in a
Comorbidities are usually long-term, or chronic
thoughtfully planned way.

ANXIETY DISORDERS (DSM-5) | GAD, Panic Feeling ANXIOUS? Try mo mga 'to
Disorder, SAD, Phobia | Causes and
Treatment
Take a break kapag anxious

Fear is the response to a perceived threat, while anxiety 1. Exercise

involves worry about a threat that has not yet, or may never, 2. Sleep well
happen.

Existentialist “ the blessing of consciousness is paired with

the curse of existential anxiety’’

3. Exercise mindfulness
- Huwag sakyan ang sinsabi ng anxiety- recognize lang
then let it go
4. Meditate once a week
 TRAUMA = automatic PTSD? | Risk Factors
and Treatment ng PTSD (DSM-5

SYMPTOMS OF FALSHBACKS

 vivid flashbacks (feeling like the trauma is happening right

now)
 intrusive thoughts or images.
 nightmares.
 intense distress at real or symbolic reminders of the trauma.
 physical sensations such as pain, sweating, nausea or
trembling

Serotonin – mood regulation

SSRI ( pinipare with CBT)

- pang regulate ng mood

Most of those who were diagnosed with PTSD deal with

depression also.

symptom sign
manifestation of disease manifestation of disease
apparent to the patient that the physician
himself, perceives
subjective. objective evidence
complaints of the patient

CBT DBT
short-term a one-year commitment.
encourages changing promotes accepting negative
negative thoughts and emotions, feeling them, and
emotions, letting them go.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a long-lasting

disorder in which a person experiences uncontrollable and
recurring thoughts (obsessions), engages in repetitive
behaviors (compulsions), or both. People with OCD have
time-consuming symptoms that can cause significant
distress or interfere with daily life.

If the obsession and compulsion are time consuming causes

distress , impairment , danger