Selenium with Python Cheat

Sheet
Artem Golubev
April 18, 2023

-Resources-

Selenium is a popular browser automation framework used for web testing

automation. This cheat sheet provides a quick reference to the most common
Selenium commands when using Python, focusing on Selenium 4.x and the latest
Selenium Grid.

Driver Initialization
To start, you need to import the required libraries and initialize the WebDriver fo
specific browser you are targeting.
 from selenium import webdriver

Chrome driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="path/to/chromedr

Firefox driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path="path/to/geckodr

Safari driver = webdriver.Safari(executable_path="path/to/safaridr

Edge driver = webdriver.Edge(executable_path="path/to/msedgedriv

Locating Elements
By ID: driver.find_element_by_id("username")

By Name: driver.find_element_by_name("password")

By Class driver.find_element_by_class_name("submit-btn")

Name:

By Tag Name: driver.find_element_by_tag_name("h1")

By CSS driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#login-form > div >

Selector: input[type='submit']")

By XPath: driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@type='submit']")

By Link Text: driver.find_element_by_link_text("Sign Up")

By Partial Link driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text("Sign")

Text:

Pytest
1. Test functions: Define test functions by prefixing their names with “test_”. Py
will automatically discover and run these functions as test cases.

def test_example_function():
# Test code here

2. Fixtures are used to set up and tear down resources, like test data or object
can be created using the @pytest.fixture decorator and are passed as func
arguments to
the test functions that need them.

import pytest
@pytest.fixture
def example_fixture():
# Set up code here
yield
# Tear down code here

def test_example_function(example_fixture):
# Test code here

Unittest
1. Test classes: Create test classes by inheriting from unittest.TestCase .

import unittest
class ExampleTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

2. Test methods: Define test methods within the test classes by prefixing their
with
“test_”.

class ExampleTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_example_method(self):
# Test code here

3. setUp and tearDown: These methods are used to set up and tear down reso
each
test method. Override them in your test class as needed.
 class ExampleTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# Set up code here
def tearDown(self):
# Tear down code here
def test_example_method(self):
# Test code here

4. setUpClass and tearDownClass: These class methods are used to set up and
down
resources for the entire test class. Override them in your test class and use t
@classmethod decorator.

class ExampleTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
# Set up code here
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
# Tear down code here
def test_example_method(self):
# Test code here

Working with Files

Upload a file:

file_input = driver.find_element_by_id("file-upload")
file_input.send_keys("path/to/your/file.txt")

Read data from a text file:

with open("path/to/your/file.txt", "r") as file:

data = file.read()

Read data from a CSV file:

import csv
with open("path/to/your/file.csv", "r") as csvfile:
csv_reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
for row in csv_reader:
print(row)
Read data from an Excel file:

import openpyxl (install with pip install openpyxl)

workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook("path/to/your/file.xlsx")
worksheet = workbook.active
for row in worksheet.iter_rows():
for cell in row:
print(cell.value)

Selenium Navigators
Navigate to a URL:

driver.get("https://www.example.com")

Refresh the page:

driver.refresh()

Navigate forward in browser history:

driver.forward()

Navigate back in browser history:

driver.back()

Working with Windows

Get the current window handle:

driver.current_window_handle

Get all window handles:

 driver.window_handles

Switch to a specific window:

driver.switch_to.window("window_handle")

Switch to the last opened window:

driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[-1])

Close the current window:

driver.close()

Working with Frames

Switch to a frame by name or ID:

driver.switch_to.frame("frame_id")

Switch to a frame by index:

driver.switch_to.frame(0) # Switch to the first frame by index

Switch to a frame using a WebElement:

frame_element = driver.find_element_by_id("frame_id")
driver.switch_to.frame(frame_element)

Switch back to the main content:

driver.switch_to.default_content()
 Selenium Operations
Lauch a Webpage:

driver.get("https://www.example.com")

Click a button:

button = driver.find_element_by_id("button_id")
button.click()

Accept an alert pop-up:

alert = driver.switch_to.alert
alert.accept()

Print the page title:

print(driver.title)

Implicit wait:

driver.implicitly_wait(10) # Waits up to 10 seconds for elements to appear

Explicit wait:

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "eleme

Sleep:

import time
time.sleep(5) # Pause the script for 5 seconds

Clear the input field text:

 input_field = driver.find_element_by_id("input_field_id")
input_field.clear()

Disable a field (set the ‘disabled’ attribute):

field = driver.find_element_by_id("field_id")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].setAttribute('disabled', true)", field)

Enable a field (remove the ‘disabled’ attribute):

field = driver.find_element_by_id("field_id")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].removeAttribute('disabled')", field)

Selenium Grid

Start the hub:

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-x.y.z.jar -role hub

Start a node:

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-x.y.z.jar -role node -hub

Server:

http://localhost:4444/ui/index.html

Alternative: write tests without a single

line of code

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Selenium test:

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login
check if page contains "Welcome Peter"
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