Generic name Metronidazole No.

01

Tradename Flagyl

Presentation Tablets, ampoule, suppositories and gel Dose: 100ml/500mg

Routes of Administration VO-EV-IM

Indications and Gynecological infections such as endometritis, tube-ovarian abscesses, -salpingitis, lower respiratory
Contraindications tract infections such as empyema, lung abscesses, pneumonia caused by bacteria, bacterial septicemia,
Endocarditis caused by bacteria.

Side effects: Dizziness, headache, upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, or
metallic taste in the mouth may occur.

Observation and/or Disulfiram (drug used to treat alcoholism): It has been reported that the combination of disulfiram and
special considerations METRONIDAZOLE can cause psychotic reactions.

Therapeutic Action Metronidazole is a bactericide. It acts on electron-transporting proteins in the respiratory chain of
anaerobic bacteria, inhibiting the synthesis of nucleic acids.
Dilution considerations Metronidazole should be infused over a period of no less than 40-30 minutes.

Metronidazole should be administered concomitantly with antibiotic therapy effective against

antherobacteria.
Inform the patient, while taking metronidazole and up to three days after stopping it, that they should
not drink alcoholic beverages or other alcohol-containing preparations, such as tonics or cough syrups,
as this could cause stomach pain, headache, nausea. , vomiting, increased heart rate, or redness of the
Nursing Care
face.

The use of this medication is not recommended for pregnant women during the first trimester of
pregnancy, as it could cause harm to the fetus.

Teach him to recognize and immediately report serious adverse reactions.

Adult Dosage 500 mg every 8 hours a day.

Pediatric Dosages 30mg/kg/ every 12 hours.

Do not administer with warfarin (anticoagulant) as it increases the effects of metronidazole.

Others Phenobarbital or phenytoin blocks the effect of metronidazole, generating an increase in its
metabolism.
Generic name Dextrose 33.3% No. 02

Tradename Hyperrose

Presentation Blisters Dose: 10 – 20ml

Routes of Administration IV

Indications and It is used in adults and children to restore blood glucose concentrations for the treatment/correction of
Contraindications hypoglycemia resulting from excess insulin or any other cause.

Side effects: Dextrose has no side effects since it is a naturally occurring sweetener. It should only be used with
caution in diabetic patients, since it can increase blood glucose concentration.

Observation and/or In patients with diabetes mellitus. Administration of hypertonic dextrose into peripheral veins can cause
special considerations thrombosis, so the possibility of recanalization and pulmonary embolism must be kept in mind.

Therapeutic Action Dextrose is a simple carbohydrate (d-glucose) that is metabolized in the body to carbon dioxide and
water.
Dilution considerations This medication is administered according to medical criteria and the daily water requirement for urine
loss and breathing in adults is 1.0 to 1.5 liters.

Check kidney function since if kidney function is affected it can cause hyperglycemia and
hyperosmosis.

It should be injected slowly (about 3 to 5 minutes), especially when administered into small-caliber
veins to avoid local irritation.
Nursing Care
Do not administer if the solution is not transparent.

Do not administer to patients with malabsorption syndrome. Glucose – Galactose.

Adult Dosage From 30 – 70 ml.

Pediatric Dosages From 30 – 70 ml.

Dextrose solutions that do not contain electrolytes should not be administered simultaneously with
blood in the same infusion line, due to the risk of pseudoagglutination of red blood cells. Mellitus
Others
diabetes.

In the case of overhydration or severe hyperglycemia, the patient's condition should be evaluated and
acted accordingly (diuretics, insulin).
Generic name 20% sodium chloride No. 03

Tradename 20% sodium chloride

Presentation Boxes of 25 blisters Dose: 20ml

Routes of Administration Intravenous infusion

Indications and Prevention and treatment of sodium and chloride deficiency states, caused by excessive diuresis, salt
Contraindications restriction, cramps and prostration due to excessive breathing

Side effects: hypernatremia, renal cortical necrosis, cardiovascular collapse, apprehension, cerebral blood
coagulation

Observation and/or Contraindicated in patients with hypernatremia or fluid retention. The risk-benefit ratio should be
special considerations evaluated in the presence of the following medical problems: cardiovascular disease, high blood
pressure, kidney diseases, epilepsy, sensitivity to Sodium Chloride.

Therapeutic Action It increases plasma volume and plays a decisive role in hydroelectrolyte balance.
Dilution considerations The medication will be administered intravenously exclusively diluted or added to parenteral solutions.

Check vital signs

Administer the solution in patients with adequate diuresis.

Preferably administer into a large caliber vein.

Nursing Care

Electrolyte monitoring is important, before administration to verify the presence of phlebitis or allergic
reactions.

Adult Dosage The doses of intravenous sodium chloride are dependent on the individual needs of the patient such as
age, weight and clinical conditions.

Pediatric Dosages The doses of intravenous sodium chloride are dependent on the individual needs of the patient such as
age, weight and clinical conditions.

The corresponding pathophysiological syndromes due to the effect of dehydration with excess edema,

Others diuretics are used in order to produce a negative sodium and water balance.
Generic name POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20% No. 04

Tradename Kalium

Presentation Blisters Dose: 10ml

Routes of Administration IV

Indications and Treatment and prevention of hypokalemia. In digitalis poisoning and in patients with familial
Contraindications hypokalemic periodic paralysis. In all patients with hypokalemia who maintain adequate kidney function.

Side effects: Chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, hypotension, arrhythmias with high doses.

Observation and/or Addison's disease, severe respiratory failure, acute dehydration, hypokalemia coexisting with
special considerations hyperchloremia in patients with renal tubular acidosis who develop metabolic acidosis, serum
potassium concentrations >5 mmol/l, treated with digitalis with severe or complete heart block,
postoperative oliguria, shock with hemolytic reactions and/or dehydration, treated with potassium-
sparing diuretics.

Therapeutic Action Being the potassium ion, the main cation in the intracellular, it is a very toxic substance when it is in the
extracellular fluid and at a slightly higher concentration in high concentrations.
Dilution considerations Less than 2.0 meq with maximum infusion frequency 20meq/h, maximum concentration 40meq and
dilution volume 100ml.

Failure to administer directly causes cardiac arrest.

Before starting the administration of potassium challenge, hypocalcemia should be determined and
Nursing Care renal function assessed.

Assess the risk of pain or phlebitis during peripheral administration.

It should be administered with volutrol.

Check heart rate.

Keep the patient under surveillance with a cardiac monitor.

Adult Dosage Infants and children, 0.5 to 1meq/kg/dose.

Pediatric Dosages 3 mEq potassium/kg body weight

Quinidine (antiarrhythmic agent): Potassium may increase the anti-arrhythmic effects of quinidine.
Others
Digoxin: hyperkalemia can be dangerous in digitized patients,
Resin exchange: serum potassium levels are reduced by the replacement of potassium with sodium.
Generic name Imipenem + cilastin No. 05

Tradename Imipenem + cilastin

Presentation Powder for solution for infusion. Dose: 500mg

Routes of Administration IV

Indications and It is used to treat some serious infections that are caused by bacteria, including endocarditis (infection
Contraindications of the valves and lining of the heart) and infections of the respiratory tract (including pneumonia),
urinary tract, abdominal (stomach area), gynecological, of blood, skin, bones and joints.

Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, redness, pain, or swelling at the injection site.

Observation and/or Seizures have been reported in children with meningitis treated with imipenem; Therefore, the
special considerations administration of imipenem is not recommended in pediatric patients with central nervous system
infection.
Therapeutic Action Imipenem is a beta-lactam antibiotic derived from thienamycin and is the first member of the
carbapenem family of antibiotics.
Dilution considerations After reconstruction and/dilution with 09% sodium chloride or 5% or 10% dextrose

Administration should be in 100 ml in volutrol or infusion pump

Check the patient's renal profile.

Evaluate the patient's urine output

It may increase anticoagulant effects, so frequent INR monitoring is recommended.
Nursing Care
Adult Dosage 500 mg every 6 hours a day.

Pediatric Dosages 60-100mg/kg/ every 6-8 hours.

Ganciclovir-valganciclovir may increase the levels/effects of imipenem/cilastatin. Ganciclovir and

Others
imipenem should not be used concomitantly due to the risk of seizures unless the potential benefit
outweighs the risk.

Cilastatin is a chemical compound that inhibits the enzyme dehydropeptidase. Dehydropeptidase I is

found in the kidneys and is responsible for the breakdown of the antibiotic imipenem. For this reason,
cilastatin is administered intravenously together with imipenem, to prevent its degradation and prolong
its antibacterial effects. However, cilastatin alone has no antibiotic activity.
Generic name Calcium Gluconate 10% No.6

Tradename Calcium Gluconate 10%

Presentation Blisters Dose: 10ml

Routes of Administration slow IV

Indications and Black widow spider bite, Hypocalcemia, Hypoparathyroidism, Calcium deficiency, Hyperkalemia and
Contraindications used for the treatment of allergies.

Side effects: Patients report tingling sensations (dysesthesias), feelings of tightness or heat waves, and a calcium or
chalky taste after intravenous administration of calcium gluconate. .

Observation and/or Collateral damage; bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia. flushing and tissue necrosis
special considerations
Contraindicated: Severe respiratory failure Severe liver failure Sleep apnea syndrome

Therapeutic Action It belongs to the group of vitamins and minerals, it is an electrolyte replacement, it is also
antihypocalcemic, cardiotonic, antihyperkalemic, antihypermagnesemic.
Dilution considerations Dilute the prescribed dose in 100 ml SF or SG5% and administer over 15 –30 min.

Assess the patient's neurological status before and after administering the medication.

It should be injected slowly (about 3 to 5 minutes), especially when administered into small-caliber
veins to avoid local irritation.
Nursing Care
Monitor BP, HR and signs of cardiac arrest.

Observe in the medical history if the patient has a history of severe liver disease.

Adult Dosage Attack dose of 1-2 ml 10% solution/kg/dose.

Pediatric Dosages Usual pediatric dose: cardiac arrest, hypocalcemic in the NB: 100-200 mg/kg/dose. Administered for 10
to 30 minutes

The most common notions include a decrease in tidal volume or respiratory rate and apnea. In addition,

Others variations in blood pressure and bradycardia may occur. Psychomotor disturbances may occur after
sedation or anesthesia with midazolam,
Generic name Omeprazole No. 7

Tradename omeprazole tarbis

Presentation powder and solvent for solution for injection Dose: 40mg

Routes of Administration IV

Indications and treatment of duodenal ulcers, prevention of recurrence of duodenal ulcers, treatment of gastric ulcers,
Contraindications prevention of recurrence of gastric ulcers,

Side effects: Headache, diarrhea, constipation, insomnia.

Observation and/or - Reduces the absorption of ketoconasol

special considerations - Plasma concentrations of nelfinavir and atazanavir ( Used in antiretroviral therapy
highly suppressive for patients infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2.) decrease when co-administered
with omeprazole.

Therapeutic Action Inhibits acid secretion in the stomach. It binds to the proton pump in the gastric parietal cell, inhibiting
the final transport of H+ to the gastric lumen.
Dilution considerations Administer with 20 ml of physiological saline or water for injection.

Observe allergic reactions in the patient

Assess the patient's kidney function

Nursing Care

Take vital signs.

Adult Dosage Every 12- 24 hr 20- 40 mg/day

Pediatric Dosages 0.5 mg/kg/day

Phenytoin

Others
It is recommended to monitor the plasma concentration of phenytoin during the first two weeks after
initiating treatment with omeprazole and, if an adjustment of the phenytoin dose is made, monitoring
and a new dose adjustment should be carried out at the end of treatment with omeprazole. .

There is a risk of hypomagnesemia due to decreased intestinal absorption.

Generic name Dimenhydrinate No. 08

Tradename Gravol

Presentation Blisters Dose: 50 mg

Routes of Administration IV

Indications and For the prevention and active treatment of motion sickness, postoperative nausea and vomiting, vertigo,
Contraindications
migraine and disturbances caused by electroshock and radiotherapy.

Side effects: Drowsiness, fatigue, headaches, blurred vision, dry mouth, dizziness and ataxia, thickening of bronchial
secretions with wheezing and chest tightness, anorexia, constipation, epigastric pain and diarrhea.

Observation and/or Contraindicated: bladder obstruction, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, urinary retention, open or
special considerations
closed angle glaucoma, hypokalemia and hypersensitivity to dimenhydrinate.

Therapeutic Action Antihistamine that blocks H1 receptors, preventing the propagation of afferent emetogenic impulses at
the level of vestibular nuclei, and peripheral anticholinergic that inhibits gastric hypersecretion and
hypermotility. Sedative effect.
Dilution considerations Administer as a bolus in 20 ml of physiological saline

Take vital signs.

Monitor the patient's level of consciousness.

Assess the risk of pain or phlebitis during peripheral administration.

Nursing Care
Check heart rate.

Assess the patient's kidney function.

Adult Dosage 50-100 mg every 4-6 hours without exceeding 400 mg/day

Pediatric Dosages Children 6-12 years: 25-50 mg every 6-8 hours, not exceeding 150 mg/day.

Its use should be cautious when administered to patients with acute asthma, due to its antimuscarinic

Others effects.

May cause interference with the diagnosis of appendicitis. It can also mask signs of toxicity from
overdoses of other drugs.
May cause urinary retention.
Generic name Tramal No. 09

Tradename Tramadol

Presentation Blisters Dose: 100mg/2ml and 50mg/1ml

Routes of Administration IM-IV

Indications and Moderate to severe pain

Contraindications

Side effects: These side effects are often mild and do not affect everyone. Drowsiness, headache, dry mouth and
sweating are some examples

Observation and/or Carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant that induces the production of liver enzymes, may reduce the
special considerations
therapeutic effect of tramadol and shorten the duration of its effect.

Therapeutic Action Centrally acting analgesic, non-selective pure agonist of µ, delta and kappa opioid receptors, with
greater affinity for µ.
Dilution considerations Compatible sera: ClNa 0.9% and Glucose 5%

· Recommended volume: 50-100 ml

· Administer in 30-60 minutes
- Control of vital functions before, during and after administration of the medication.

Before starting the administration of potassium challenge, hypocalcemia should be determined and
renal function assessed.
Nursing Care
Give medication slowly

Take into account the 5 correct ones

Adult Dosage 50-100 mg/6-8 h (maximum 400 mg/day).

Pediatric Dosages 0.5 mg/Kg/6-8h.

Cimetidine is a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, which could increase serum levels of tramadol and prolong

Others its elimination. Although clinically relevant interactions are not expected between tramadol and
cimetidine, caution should be exercised if they are administered simultaneously.
Generic name Dexamethasone No. 10

Tradename Dexacort

Presentation Blisters Dose: 4mg/ 2ml AND 8 mg/2ml

Routes of Administration VO, I M. EV.

Indications and Relieves inflammation (swelling, heat, redness, and pain) and is used to treat certain forms of arthritis;
Contraindications
disorders of the skin, blood, kidney, eyes, thyroid, and intestines (for example, colitis); severe allergies;
and asthma. Dexamethasone is also used to treat certain types of cancer.

Side effects: stomach upset, stomach irritation, vomiting, headache, dizziness, insomnia, agitation

Observation and/or -Increases risk of ulcer bleeding and gastrointestinal bleeding with: NSAIDs (eg: indomethacin,
special considerations salicylates).

-Reduces the effect of: oral antidiabetics, insulin, somatropin, isoniazid.

Therapeutic Action Fluorinated corticosteroid with long duration of action, high anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive
potency and low mineralocorticoid activity.
Dilution considerations It is diluted with NaCl or Dextrose for injection, administered slowly or drip ev. Without losing its power
it can also be administered. Directly. No need to mix or dilute.

Adm. Slow and diluted according to the dose and weight of the child, to avoid cardiac arrhythmia, facial
flushing, and seizures.

It should not be combined with other drugs.

Nursing Care
Observe warning signs.

BH control. due to hydroelectrolyte disorders.

Adult Dosage Initially between 0.5-9 mg.day EV or I.M.

Pediatric Dosages 0.3 mg.xkg. every 24 hours. maximum dose x day .PO, I M. EV.

When corticosteroids are administered concomitantly with potassium-depleting diuretics, patients

should be observed cautiously for hypokalemia to develop. Intra-articular injection of a corticosteroid
Others can produce systemic and local effects.
Generic name Adrenalin No. 11

Tradename Adrenaline hydrochloride

Presentation Blisters Dose: 1mg in 1ml (Concentration 1/1,000)

Routes of Administration IV

Indications and Airway spasm in acute asthma attacks. Quick relief from allergic reactions. Emergency treatment of
Contraindications
anaphylactic shock. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (first, apply physical measures).

Side effects: Dizziness, anorexia, nausea and vomiting occur rarely.

Observation and/or They affect the cardiovascular system: peripheral vasoconstriction, hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage,
special considerations
pulmonary edema, tachycardia, reflex bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, angina and palpitations.

Therapeutic Action It stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (alpha and ß receptors), thereby increasing heart rate,
cardiac output and coronary circulation.
Dilution considerations Dilute 1 mg in at least 100 ml of SF or Glucose Solution (GS) 5%. Administer slowly.

Assess if the patient has a history of heart disease.

Strict control of heart rate, until stabilization

Nursing Care
Incompatible with alkaline solution (Bicarbonate)

Monitor parameters: EKG, HR, BP, venipuncture area.

Adult Dosage The dose of adrenaline that should be administered in adults is 0.3 to 0.5 ml in a 1/1000 solution.

Pediatric Dosages 0.1ml per 10 kg of weight in children.

- Compatible with dopamine, dobutamine, and vecuronium

Others - Use cautiously in patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disease.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Hypersensitivity to epinephrine or patients with coronary insufficiency, cardiac dilation, cerebral
arteriosclerosis.