MDCAT

Chemistry
Quick Practice Book
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Transition metals:
 Electronic configuration of Transition metals

 General characteristics of transition metals

 Binding energy
 Melting point and boiling point
 Covalent and ionic radii
 Paramagnetism
 Oxidation state
 Colour
 Interstitial compounds
 Alloy formation

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Electronic Configuration of Transition Metals

Three transition series:

1st Series

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ca Ce As Se Br Kr
2nd Series

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Te Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
3rd Series

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Mn Re Os Ir Au Hg Ti Pb Ba Po At Ru

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 Test yourself:
The correct and stable electronic configuration of Cr (atomic no=24) is:
A) [Ar]3d44s2
B) [Ar]3d54s1
C) [Ar]3d6
D) [Ar]3d5

General Characteristics of Transition Metals:

Binding Energy:
 The amount of energy that is required to be given to the electron to pull it away from
the attractive (Columbic) force between nucleus and valence electron is called the
binding energy.
 The toughness of these metals indicates strong metallic binding which is due to
participation of valence shell s-electrons and underlying half filled d-orbital.
 Binding energy increases up to VB and VIB due to unpaired electrons and then
decreases until it becomes zero at IIB due to pairing of electrons.

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 Melting and Boiling Point:
 High melting point due to strong binding forces between atoms.
 Melting points increase up to the middle of the series and then decrease to a minimum
level at the end of the series.
Gripping fact:

Group IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg) and IIIB (Sc,

Y, La) are non-typical transition
elements while all other are typical
transition elements.

Covalent and ionic radii:

 Covalent radii decrease rapidly at the start of the series, then become almost constant
and finally begin to increase at the end of the series.
 Changes in the ionic radii along the series are much less regular.

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Paramagnetism:
 Substances which are weakly attracted by a strong magnetic field are called
paramagnetic substances.
 Paramagnetism of transition metals is due to the presence of unpaired electrons in d
orbitals.
 Paired electrons ~ diamagnetic
 The number of unpaired electrons decreases gradually to zero on both sides of the
transition series.
 Paramagnetic behavior is the strongest for Fe3+ and Mn2+.

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 Insight:

Magnetic moment (
𝝁) is measured in BM
(Bohr magneton).

Oxidation state:
 Their variable valency due to the involvement of unpaired s and d orbital electrons in
bond formation.
 All 3d transition elements show oxidation number +2 in addition of higher oxidation
number.
 In 3d series, O.N. increases upto Mn and then decreases due to pairing of electrons.

Did you know?

Among the 3d series, Mn has maximum oxidation states, and goes up to +7.

Color:
 Transition metal complexes are coloured due to d-d transition,

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ΔE of d-orbitals varies from ion to ion thus absorbing different wavelengths.

Yellow light is
Appears violet
absorbed

[Ti(H2O)6]3+ Blue and red light

Violet colour is emitted

Interstitial compounds:
 Non-stoichiometric compounds
 Also termed as interstitial alloys.
 Small non-metal atoms like H, B, C, N enter the interstices of transition metals and
impart useful features to them.

Alloy formation:
 Alloy is a mixture of two or more than two metals.
 Transition elements have almost similar sizes and atoms of the one metal can easily take
up positions in crystal lattice of the other forming substitution alloys.

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Alloys of Composition Properties and Uses
metals
Brass Cu= 60-80% It is a strong alloy of copper which is soft and
Zn= 20-40% flexible. It does not corrode. Due to low melting
point it is easy to use. It is used to make keys, water
taps, pipes, artificial jewelry, door handles and parts
of machines.
Bronze Cu= 90-95% It is strong, brilliant and long lasting. It does not
Sn= 5-10% corrode. It is used to prepare medals, coins, badges
and bullets etc. Besides these, decorative articles are
also made from these.
Nichrome NI= 60% It is used in electric heaters and filaments of
Cr= 15% furnaces.
Fe= 25%

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 Assessment 1
1. The elements known as transition elements (d block elements) are placed
a. In between s and p block
b. Below in two rows
c. Extreme right of the periodic table
d. Left side of the periodic table
2. The transition elements which are attracted by magnetic field are:
a. Ferromagnetic
b. Paramagnetic
c. Diamagnetic
d. All of these
3. The characteristic property of transition element is to show:
a. Infinite oxidation number
b. Variable oxidation number
c. Single oxidation number
d. Two oxidation number
4. The property of transition ions to give colour is due to the transition of
electron within subshell:
a. s
b. p to d
c. d
d. f
5. The non Stoichiometric compounds of Titanium are called:
a. Hydrates
b. Hydrides
c. Complex compounds
d. Interstitial compounds
6. Which of the following is a typical transition metal?
a. Co
b. Sc
c. Y
d. Cd
7. The property of formation of interstitial compounds is responsible for:
a. More melting point of metal
b. More malleability
c. More conductivity
d. None of these
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 8. The transition metal and its oxide may used in industry as:
8.
a. Solvent
b. Catalyst
c. Dehydrating agent
d. All of these
9. The accurate reason that accounts an increase in atomic radius of transition
elements at the end of the period:
a. Increase in atomic mass
b. Increase in nuclear charge
c. Increase in electron-electron repulsion
d. Decrease in electron-electron repulsion
10. The following property does not relate to transition elements
a. Variable oxidation number
b. Catalytic ability
c. Low boiling point
d. Malleable
:

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 Assessment 2

1. The type of covalent bond that is exhibited by transition elements:

a. Ionic bond
b. Coordinated covalent bond
c. Covalent bond
d. Metallic bond
2. The transition metal which is comparatively less hard metal given below:
a. Zinc
b. Chromium
c. Tungsten
d. Molybdenum
3. The oxidation number of Mn in Mn2O7 is:
a. +2
b. +7
c. -7
d. 0
4. The valence electronic configuration of scandium is [Ar] 3d1 4s2. Sc3+ is:
a. Paramagnetic
b. Diamagnetic
c. Either paramagnetic or diamagnetic
d. Ferromagnetic and diamagnetic
5. The accurate term that corresponds to the easy formation of alloys by transition
element is:
a. Orbital configuration
b. Very light
c. Atomic size
d. Its binding energy
6. Zn and mercury do not show variable oxidation number due to:
a. Presence of 4s2 sub shell
b. Complete d subshell
c. Inert pair effect
d. All of these
7. The first transition element in modern periodic table is:
a. Copper
b. Nickel
c. Scandium
d. Vanadium

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8. How Sc ( Z=21) differs from Zinc (z=30)?
a. Both are typical transition elements
b. In case of Sc, 3d subshell is incomplete but in Zn this is completely filled
c. Last electron as assumed to be added to 4s level in case of zinc
d. Both Sc and Zn do not exhibit variable oxidation states

9. Which of the following d block element has half filled d sub shell as well as
half filled valence sub shell?
a. Cr
b. Pd
c. Pt
d. None of these

10. In which of the following there is no d-d transition:

a. Fe3+
b. Ti4+
c. Co2+
d. Ni2+

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 Assessment 3
1. The alloy of copper that contain Zinc is
a. White silver
b. Bronze
c. Nichrome
d. Brass
2. The general electronic configuration of transition element is:
a. (n-1) d1-10 ns0-2
b. nd1-10 ns0-2
c. ns0-2 (n+1) d1-10
d. Any of these
3. The following ion is diamagnetic due to unavailability of unpaired
electrons:
a. Mn2+
b. V2+
c. Sc3+
d. Cr2+
4. The property of transition elements to show variable oxidation numbers is
due to the release of electron from:
a. ns orbitals
b. np orbitals
c. (n-1) d orbitals
d. (n-1) d orbitals and ns orbitals
5. Which of the following has the smallest ionic radii?
a. Ni2+
b. Cr2+
c. Ti2+
d. Mn2+
6. The following ion has the highest paramagnetism?
a. Sc3+
b. Ti3+
c. Mn2+
d. Zn2+
7. Which of the following is diamagnetic due to the presence of zero unpaired
electrons in its d orbitals?
a. Sc3+
b. V3+
c. Zn2+
d. Both a and c 14

Both a and
8. Bronze is the alloy in which major metals are:
a. Cu and Zn
b. Cu and Sn
c. Cu and Bi
d. Cu and Ni
9. Which of the following metal is ferromagnetic?
a. Ni
b. Fe
c. Co
d. All of these
10. The following equation related the magnetic moment to the no of
unpaired electrons:
a. μ = √n(n + 2)
b. μ = √n(n + 1)
c. μ = √(n + 2)
d. μ = √2n(n + 2)

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 Assessment 4

1. In first transition series, the element having lowest melting point belongs to
which group:
a. 3
b. 4
c. 10
d. 12
2. Ag+ ion (Ag = 47) is isoelectronic with
a. Cu+ (Cu = 29)
b. Cd2+ (Cd = 48)
c. Zn2+ (Zn = 30)
d. Pd2+ (Pd =46)
3. Which of the following has maximum no of unpaired electrons in d orbital:
a. Fe+2
b. Fe+3
c. Cr3+
d. Co2+
4. What is the oxidation number of Mn in MnO4-?
a. +1
b. +2
c. +7
d. +5
5. The following set of transition ions represent the correct order of
paramagnetism:
a. Cu2+ < V 3+ < Mn3+ < Mn2+
b. Cu2+ < V 3+ < Mn2+ < Mn3+
c. V 2+ < Cu2+ < Mn2+ < Mn3+
d. Cu2+ < Mn3+ < V 2+ < Mn2+
6. The transition metal that is widely used as a catalyst in Haber’s process to
prepare ammonia is:
a. Fe
b. Zn
c. Pt
d. Au

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7. The major metal by %age composition which is present in nichrome is:
a. Ni
b. Cr
c. Fe
d. None of these
8. Which of the following elements have almost same Covalent radii?
a. Mn, Fe, Co, Zn
b. Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu
c. Cr, Mn, Fe, Sc
d. Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni
9. The catalyst of Contact process for converting SO2 to SO3 is:
a. Fe
b. Ni
c. V2O5
d. NO
10. Which alloy is used in preparation of coins?
a. Brass
b. Bronze
c. Nichrome
d. All of these

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 Key
Assessment 1

1. A.
2. B.
3. B.
4. C.
5. D.
6. A.
7. D.
8. B.
9. C.
10. C. Assessment 2

Assessment 2

1. D.
2. A.
3. B.
4. B.
5. C.
6. A
7. C.
8. B.
10. 9.C. A.
10. B. 18
 Assessment 3
1. D.
2. A.
3. C.
4. D.
5. A.
6. C.
7. D.
8. B.
9. D.
10. A.

Assessment 4

1. D.
2. B.
3. B.
4. C.
5. A.
6. A
7. A.
8. B.
9. C.
10. B.

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