Enviromental Health
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsEnviromental Health
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsDiscipline: Comprehensive General Medicine.
Subject: Health promotion.
Year: 1st year of Medicine.
Topic : Areas of health promotion.
Summary : Environmental health. Definition.
Basic environmental sanitation measures. Definition.
Classification and importance for health.
Hygienic characteristics of the home and its surroundings.
Sanitary and hygienic characteristics of water for human
consumption.
General measures on water hygiene.
Correct disposal of excreta, liquid and solid waste. General
measures for the disposal of excreta, liquid and solid waste.
Sanitary importance of controlling arthropods and rodents.
Basic messages to individuals, families and communities about
environmental health.
FOE: Guiding conference
Duration: 100 '
ENVIROMENTAL
HEALTH
Environmental health refers to a general
concept that incorporates those plans or
activities that have to do with health
problems associated with the
environment, taking into account that the
human environment encompasses a
complex context of factors and elements
of a varied nature that act favorably or
unfavorably on the individual.
(Corey, 1988)
ENVIROMENTAL
HEALTH
They are all those aspects of human
health, including quality of life, that are
determined by physical, chemical,
biological, social and psychological factors
in the environment. It also refers to the
theory and practice of assessing,
correcting, controlling and avoiding those
factors in the environment that can
potentially harm the health of current and
future generations.´´
(WHO,1993).
What is the environment?
“... environment as the result of the
reciprocal relationships between society
and nature in a specific space and time.
That is, the Environment is generated and
constructed throughout the historical
process of occupation and transformation
of space by a society. Therefore, it
emerges as the historical synthesis of the
exchange relationships between society
and nature."
Environmental factors
Physical-Chemical Environment
Biological Environment
Psychosocial Environment
Physical factors: air, water, land, temperature,
noise, radiation, residual lighting, clothing, food,
premises, furniture, work instruments, etc.
Biological factors : animals, plants, insects,
microorganisms, etc.
Social and cultural factors : education,
economy, technology, organization, politics and
social, sciences, religion, arts, folklore and
language, etc.
Physical-Chemical
Environment
Components:
• Air
• Water
• Floor
• Climate
• Noise level
• Radiation Level
Physical-Chemical
Factors
AIR
• Atmospheric pollution.
• Pollution of closed premises
(home, work, offices, etc.).
• Depletion of the Ozone Layer
• Greenhouse Effect (CO2, Methane)
WATER
• Pollution of chemical origin (Heavy
Metals, Pesticides, Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons, POPs)
• Biological pollution: Water-borne
diseases are among the top 5 causes of
death in developing countries.
• Serious Problem of Water Scarcity
SANITATION
ENVIRONMENTAL
“is the set of techniques intended
to modify or eliminate all
environmental factors capable of
exerting harmful effects on the
health, well-being and safety of the
community”
WHO
THE CONTROL OF THE
FACTORS COMPRISED
• The water supply.
• The elimination of excreta and waste.
• The fight against arthropods, health status of
the homes.
• The hygienic control of milk, meat and other
foods.
• Control of factories, workshops and
workplaces.
• Control of atmospheric health and the
environment in general.
Hygienic characteristics of the home
1. Have the number of rooms, the useful surface and the location
sufficient from the point of view of hygiene and the needs of a
life in accordance with the cultural and social norms of each
region.
2. The living area will be distributed so that there is no
overcrowding in the bedrooms or living rooms.
3. Have sufficient natural and artificial lighting.
4. Have a provision that allows occupants to isolate themselves
from each other when they wish and avoid disturbances from
outside.
5. Have adequate separation between the bedrooms of adults and
adolescents of different sexes, except in the case of married
couples; and between the home itself and the premises for
domestic animals.
6. Have a supply of drinking water in sufficient quantity for all
domestic uses and inside the home.
7. Have a hygienic wastewater and solid waste disposal system.
8. Have adequate bathing and washing facilities.
9. Have adequate kitchen, dining room, pantry and closet
facilities for household goods and personal effects.
10. Have adequate protection against heat, cold, noise and
humidity.
11. Have sufficient ventilation and air free of toxic and harmful
substances.
IMPORTANCE AND USE OF
WATER
• ¾ of the earth's surface is covered by water.
• 71 to 75% make up our body.
Use:
• Cleaning clothes, utensils and the house.
• Personal cleanliness.
• Food hygiene.
• Industrial uses.
• Electrical energy production
TYPES OF WATER
A) According to its origin:
Rain.
Superficial
Underground
Subalbeas
B) According to its health quality
Suitable for drinking or drinking water.
Contaminated water.
C) According to its chemical
composition:
Hard waters.
Soft waters.
Sanitary Water Treatment
• Boiling
• Home filters in rural areas
• Chemical agents
Requirements to be met for the operation of
excreta evacuation systems without a water
vehicle (Latrine) .
1. They should not contaminate the surface layers of the soil.
2. They should not contaminate surface or groundwater.
3. Excreta should not be accessible to flies and other vectors.
4. They should not produce bad odors nor should excreta be
visible.
5. No disinfectant substances or detergents should be used
when cleaning.
6. Fire should not be introduced inside.
7. The system used must be simple and inexpensive to
construct and operate.
Elements to keep in mind for the preparation and
location of Latrines
Dry pit sanitary latrine: it must have a location that
does not contaminate water tables and that makes
it possible for people to use it, so it must meet the
following requirements:
1. Located at a lower level than the wells and where
the rising rivers do not reach.
2. More than 20 meters away from wells, rivers and
springs.
3. Located about 10 meters from homes or shelters
and in the opposite direction to the prevailing
winds.
Protective measures for the management
of Solid Waste:
1. Proper use of protective equipment such as gloves, boots and
caps, hat or scarf.
2. Complete uniform, with long sleeves, for exclusive use for the
activity and that must be removed after finishing it, not using
transportation, moving home or another place with it.
3. Get vaccinated against: tetanus, typhoid fever, hepatitis and
Leptospirosis.
4. Keep regular medical exams up to date
5. Go to the doctor if you have any symptoms of illness.
6. Wash your hands especially before eating any food and
taking a daily bath.
Containers for home storage of garbage
must:
1. Be waterproof, preferably plastic for
frequent washing.
2. Be provided with tight-fitting lids
3. Be of strong structure to resist manipulation
4. Be resistant to oxidation
5. Be easy to move, empty and clean
6. Be provided with handles on the sides and
a handle on the lid
7. Not have sharp edges
Control of arthropods and rodents
(Extradomiciliary)
1. Chaping of patios and gardens.
2. Channeling ponds in low places.
3. Petrolization in flooded areas where it is not
possible to channel.
4. Insecticide fogging.
5. Biological control with larval fish and waste disposal
in barren lots.
6. Filling and drainage in swampy areas.
7. Sprayed from heights or at through
motorcycle backpacks with insecticides
about the
communities.
Control of arthropods and rodents (Intra-
domiciliary)
1. Verification and treatment of vector breeding sites.
2. Review of daily change of water used in spiritual assistance
or in vases with natural flowers.
3. Exploration in search of water accumulation sites in patios,
rooftops, trees, bottles or disused containers located on
terraces and balconies.
4. Ensure that the plants are planted in the ground.
5. Use of metal meshes on windows and doors.
6. Sanitary control of solid waste and correct food storage.
7. Cleaning of cisterns and placement of Abate or another
product that prevents larval reproduction.
8. Fumigation with insecticide inside the home.
Pollution control measures
1. Appropriate use of final disposal systems for
excreta and wastewater (connections in good
condition from homes to the sewage, construction of
pits as appropriate)
2. Solid waste must have storage, collection,
transportation and final destination appropriate).
3. Control and regulation in the application of direct
chemical substances to the soil in agricultural practice
for food production.