PRE EXTENSION DEMONISTRATION OF WHEAT TECHNOLOGY.
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) is the most common cultivated wheat species-taking up to
95% of the wheat and staple food for consumers worldwide
Wheat is the most important grain crop for food security and is used as a source
of income for developing countries
In Ethiopia, wheat is the most important cereal crop in terms of both production and
use. Wheat is one of the major cereals grown for use as food
and industrial raw materials.
. Wheat grain is used to prepare different traditional food staffs, such as injera, bread,
porridge, soup, and roasted. Besides, wheat straw is commonly used as roof thatching materials
and as feed for animal.
Among 125 wheat-producing countries, Ethiopian wheat area coverage and productivity are
ranked 25th (1.7 million hectares) and 63rd (28,126 kg/ha), respectively.
Its productivity is by far lower compared to wheat-producing countries such as Ireland
(101,746 kg/ha), New Zealand (98,633 kg/ha), and the Netherlands (90,936 kg/ha) [9]. Empirical
studies on the assessment of wheat yield indicate that other African countries such as Egypt,
South Africa, and Kenya obtained 67, 35, and 30 quintals per. hectare, respectively more than
Ethiopia (28qt/ ha).
Ethiopia has huge potential and suitable agro ecology for growing wheat. In spite of the presence
of wide agro ecologies wheat production is left behind by 25 to 30% of its demand because of
increased demand for wheat due to population growth, urbanization, and expansion of agro-
industries.
To feed the world’s growing population, the global demand for
wheat yield should increase by 50% in 2050 [3].
The demand for wheat for household consumption is achieved by popularizing and multiplying
released wheat varieties on farmers’ land Ethiopia is still importing about 1.6 million tons of
wheat which are estimated to be 25% in deficit to fulfill domestic wheat demand by foreign
currency [16]. Hence, the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource plans to increase wheat
productivity from 2.7 metric tons/ha in 2019 to 4 metric tons/ha by 2023
and reduce wheat import from 1.7 million metric tons in 2019 to zero by 2023.
For surplus production, the government of Ethiopia focused on wheat production both rainfed
and irrigation aimed to bring household food security and income generating. However, the
productivity of the crop is low mainly due to rust and a lack of improved varieties. Breeders
intended to balance the wheat
demand by releasing new bread wheat varieties suitable for different agro ecologies.Hence, this
demonstration will be an entry point for promotion of released bread wheat varieties at highland
areas ofwolaita zone.
Objectives of this study were.
To demopnistrate yield performance of improved bread wheat technologie.
To estimate profitability of the improved bread wheat technologies under farmers’ conditions.
To assess farmers’ feedbacks for further development of bread wheat production at highland
areas.
Materials and Methods
The study will be conducted in Sodo Zuria Woreda Wolaita Zone South Ethiopia .It is located at
390 km from Addis Ababa and its
altitude ranges from 1950 above sea level with average rainfall 1800 mm. The minimum and
maximum temperature of the area is 16 C0 and 28Co respectively. The study Woreda has a total
of 30 kebeles which are distributed in two agro ecologies (10 Kebeles in high land (“Dega”) and
20 “Kebeles” in mid altitude (“Woynadega”) (Sodo Zuria Woreda Livestock and Fishery Office,
2012.
3.2. Experimental design
After selection of kebele as well as participant farmers, awareness creation and trainings on the
new technology will be given.
Then land preparation and other agronomic practices will be followed and finally planting will
be done.
Periodic follow up and evaluation will be carried out in order to check whether the research
work is going well or constrained by different problems.
Field day will be carried out by inviting different stakeholders and the farmers’.
Preference data will be taken and compared and finally ranked.
Finally the trial on the farmers’ land will be harvested and measured.
At the end ,farmers’ acceptance score will be made.
The yield of the technology which produced by farmers will be compared with its
corresponding farmers and training center. After checking and confirming technology
acceptance by farmers and full write up, the feedback of the technology will be given to
Woreda extension.
Farmers and Site Selection
One highland kebele and from the district will be selected based on their wheat
production potential.
From selected kebele there will be ten to twenty experimental farmers. Totally, there will
be 20 experimental farmers from the kebele.
Materials to be Used
One improved varieties,Damota,will be demonstrated with (standard check). The
recommended packages of 20cm between row.,
Seed rate: 100 kg/ha
Spacing b/n rows:20cm
Fertilizer rate: 120 kg/150 kg NPS and Urea, respectively(one third urea should be
applied at planting and the remaining two third at 35-40 days of planting
Demonistration area: High lands of Kokate, (on Stations & on farms) and similar agro-
ecologies .
Extension Methods Used
Training will be given for participating farmers, Development Agents and experts. Field day also
will be organized in order to create wider demand and further promotion of wheat in the
highlands
of foliate Zoneand the same agro ecology
Methods of Data Collection and Analysis
Field observation, participants interview and group discussions will be used to collect the data.
The collected data will be analyzed by Descriptive statistics, , matrix ranking and qualitative
analysis of farmers’
feedback will be used to analyze the data.
Cost benefit analysis was used to estimate profitability of demonstrated wheat in the area.
Total Revenue (TR) will be calculated as yield of each variety
multiplied by its price at harvesting time.
. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) will be obtained by subtracting TVC and FC from TR as follows:
TR= Y*P………………………………………………………………………… (1)
CBA= TR-TVC-TF……………………………………………………………… (2).
Table=1
Crop Variet Participant Plot Spacin Seed rate Location Responsibl Fertilizer
Type y Farmers FTC size/vari g (Kg/ha) e persons rate
ety (cm)
(m)
wheat Damot 20 1 0.25 20cm 100 Soddo Matiyos Ch, 120 kg/150
a zuria Alemayehu kgNPS and
wAbrham Urea,
D, and TAS respectivel
y
3.1. Data to be collected
Agronomic data such as days to planting, maturity,and, grain yield of the crop, diseases and pest
resistance, Beneficiaries’ perception and preferences such as early maturity seed size, seed
color, seed quality will be collected.
Number of stakeholders participated during undertaking field days and awareness creation and
trainings will be taken.
Data collection method
Descriptive statistics such as frequency, maximum, minimum, and average mean to analysis and
yields of the varieties. F-test (test of the variety mean and variance); which will be also
confirmed by participant farmers’ perception data will be taken
Expected outputs:
Increased demand of farmers for improved technologies.
Best performing varieties for each locality is identified for further scaling up and
popularization.
The knowledge, skill and attitude of extension workers and farmers increased on the
merits of the technologies
Awareness will be created for different stakeholders involved (women, youth, school children,
and other actors) on best production practice.
From this research, the community people will be specially benefited in addition to that the
other parts of the country with similar agro-ecology.
Executing agency: SEARI
Implementing agency: Areka Agricultural Research Centers
Location: : wolaytazone (Soddo Zuria)
Duration: 2024/25 G.C(for one year).
Initiator: Alemayehu wodajo
Responsible persons: Abraham D,Matiyos Ch,Tadel, Dembelash B, ,wolde p,Waza m,
Table 2 =Budget breaking
Items Sub totals
Personal cost 5000
Equipment and supplies cost 2000
Oil and lubricants 1000
Input cost 16000
Stationery cost 4000
28000
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