DEVELOP WEBSITE BACKEND SYSTEMS

411
Project requirements are discussed and determined

Overview

Before building your website or app, there is an important step you need to
take: choosing the right web server.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a

Server
Without further ado, let’s explore several factors to consider when selecting a
reliable web server for your project.

1. Website Type
To choose the right web server, first determine the type of website you want.

If you work for a client, ask them about their needs to avoid selecting the
wrong server and creating confusion.

For simple websites with few pages, a basic server is sufficient.

These sites use minimal resources and do not require databases or special
software.

For complex websites like online stores or frequently updated blogs, a server
capable of handling multiple tasks is necessary.

You may need to use databases for data storage and retrieval, and employ
scripts for dynamic page generation.

Think about the functionality of your website, too.

Does it involve complex tasks like managing user accounts, processing

payments, or storing a large amount of content?
Your answer will guide your choice of server.

2. Expected Traffic Volume

Once you figure out the type of website you want to build, choose the optimal
web server for the expected monthly traffic.

Personal blogs or small business sites typically start with low traffic, ranging
from a few hundred to a few thousand visitors per month.

If you’re making an online store or a web app with many users, expect
thousands or even millions of monthly visitors.

To effectively manage this traffic and ensure smooth operations, a robust

server solution is crucial.

Virtual private server (VPS) and cloud hosting can be ideal choices for your
needs.

3. Database
For sites that store and retrieve frequently changing data like user accounts or
product lists, a database is likely needed.

Some common use cases for databases include e-commerce websites, news
sites, web applications that handle user registration or login, and online
forums or social platforms.

If your project fits these categories or has similar needs, choose a web server
that has database functionality.

4. Project’s Growth
Consider how your server may need to grow and adapt in the future.

Think about adding new features, integrating with other systems, or

accommodating a larger number of users.

Those things will determine how scalable your server should be.
If you start with a simple website but plan to add e-commerce or a content
management system later on, your server needs to be capable of handling the
extra features and increased traffic.

Find the different ways web servers can handle growth.

Certain servers are made to effortlessly manage increased demand, with

features like built-in load balancing, clustering, or the ability to easily add more
resources when needed.

Also, make sure to pick web servers and technologies that have strong
community support.

This way, your project can benefit from frequent updates, security patches,
and new features.

5. Programming Languages
You probably already have an idea of what kind of website or app you want to
create.

Now, it’s important to figure out which programming languages will be best for
your project.

Each programming language has its own strengths in areas like web
development, data analysis, or mobile app development.

To find the best match for your project, explore different web development
languages.

Research the ecosystem around each language you’re considering.

Check the availability of libraries, frameworks, and tools to enhance your

development process.

What if you’re not the one handling the technical side?

Simply communicate with your developer about the desired functions for your
website or app.
6. Operating System Compatibility
Another tip is to ensure that the web server is compatible with the chosen
operating system for your project.

Apache and Nginx are well-known web servers that work on various platforms
such as Linux, Windows, and macOS.

But, certain software may require specific operating systems or perform better
on certain platforms.

Matching the web server’s operating system with the team’s knowledge can
make it easier to set up, maintain, and fix issues.

Also, make sure the operating system is compatible with any other software or
tools you intend to use with the web server.

How to Choose the Right Web Server

Now that you know the specific needs of your project, let’s see how you can
find the ideal hosting plan.

1. Research Hosting Options

Web hosting is a service that stores your website on a server, so it becomes
accessible to internet users.

Generally, there are several types of hosting options:

 Shared hosting: Multiple websites are hosted on the same server and
share its resources, including CPU, RAM, and storage space. This is a
cost-effective option suitable for small websites with moderate traffic.
 Virtual private server (VPS) hosting: By dividing a physical server into
multiple virtual servers, each website gets dedicated resources. VPS
offers greater control and flexibility compared to shared hosting.
  Dedicated server hosting: A single server is exclusively dedicated to
hosting a single website or a group of related websites. This option
offers maximum performance, customization, and security but comes at
a higher cost.
 Cloud hosting: Multiple servers are interconnected to form a virtualized
infrastructure. If one server is down, another one will take its place,
providing high availability and reliability.
 WordPress hosting: Optimized specifically for hosting WordPress
websites, it offers features such as one-click WordPress installation,
automatic updates, and specialized support for WordPress-related
issues.

If you’re a beginner, start with shared hosting as a cost-effective option.

Once your site grows, you can always scale to a higher-tier hosting service.

Before making a purchase, be sure to review the hosting provider’s pricing

structure, key features, and positive track record.

Check out different hosting providers and choose one that meets your needs
best.

2. Analyze Uptime And Performance Guarantees

Trustworthy providers typically offer guarantees of 99.9% or even higher.

Take a close look at their website to understand how they define and calculate
downtime.

When you use the service, you can check if the website performs well by
doing tests or using special tools.

This will help you make smart choices based on real information, rather than
just marketing claims.
Make sure you know about the systems and tools the hosting company
featured.

Check for things like backup servers, CDNs, and better caching methods that
make things faster and more reliable.

3. Research the Server Location

To deliver content faster to users, it’s important to know where the server is
located.

This is because your server’s physical location impacts your website loading
speed and responsiveness to user actions.

If you’re targeting a global audience, pick a hosting company that has data
centers all around the world.

For sites made for a specific country, using a local server is enough.

For example, if your website targets North American users, consider hosting
providers with data centers in cities like New York, Chicago, or Los Angeles.

https://www.intelivita.com/blog/how-to-choose-web-server-for-your-project/

Hardware Specifications for Web Server

The following minimum hardware specifications are required for installing the Web Server
on a physical or a virtual machine. In a medium to large environments, you might need to
install the Web Server on a separate machine that does not share hardware resources with
Commvault software, such as the CommServe Server. For comprehensive information
about system requirements, see System Requirement for Web Server.

Large Medium Small

Supports up to 7500 Supports up to 1000 Supports up to 400
concurrent users. concurrent users. concurrent users.
500 GB of disk space for 200 GB of disk space for
1 TB of disk space for cache cache cache
16 CPU cores 12 CPU cores 8 CPU cores
64 GB RAM 32 GB RAM 16 GB RAM

https://documentation.commvault.com/11.16/hardware_specifications_for_web_server.html

412 Project plan is drafted

Overview

The primary uses of the project plan are to document planning assumptions and decisions,
facilitate communication among project stakeholders, and document approved scope, cost, and
schedule baselines.

How to effectively plan backend development?

Define your needs

When you want to build your awesome mobile app, you
probably know what it should look like. You also have some
idea of how it should work and what core functionalities it
should have. With near to 100% certainty you will need
a registration/login feature and other personalized settings
for users. In most cases, all data the user provides will be
stored somewhere and then read by the app. It is
worth researching the market and estimating how many
users may use your application and what new features will be
implemented in the future.

Make sure you answered the following questions:

What functionalities will your app have in the first


version?
 What functionalities will you implement in the future?
 How many users will use your app?
Answering them will help you make the right decisions when
choosing a tech stack.
Choose the right tools
Choosing mobile technology is relatively easy because we
have two main platforms – iOS and Android. On the backend
side, it’s a little bit more complicated.

Programming language

First, the right language must be

chosen: JavaScript, PHP, Python, Java, Go etc. This
decision will have an effect on all
future possibilities and limitations.

API

Next, it is time to specify the type of API (Public, Private,

Partner, Composite) and its architecture (REST, SOAP, RPC,
GraphQL).

Now: the runtime environment, framework, and

basic libraries that can speed up the process of creating an
API. For each language, there is usually one runtime
environment, at least two frameworks and countless numbers
for libraries.

Operating system

Then it is good to find the best operating system. Here it is a

simple choice: Linux or Windows. In the case of Linux, we
need to specify the distribution (RedHat, Fedora, Debian,
Ubuntu, etc.) and its version. To avoid being locked into a
single operating system, developers often use Docker – a tool
that allows them to create a small virtual system just for
development purposes.

The API will probably need a database, so in front of us we

have another important decision to make: how data will be
stored and what engine we can use for it? We can use one of
these: MongoDB, SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQ
L Server, Oracle, etc.

All these decisions form what is known as a tech stack.

Coding
Before writing the very first line of code it is good to think
about how to organize a project. A developer has to think
about the folder structure, which paradigm to choose
(functional or object-oriented programming), and which design
patterns will be appropriate.

Another thing is the methodology. There are at least

three: TDD (Test-Driven Development), BDD (Behavior-Driven
Development), and DDD (Domain-Driven Development). Each
of these has its pros and cons.

It is also good to follow a few principles like SOLID (five

code design principles), KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid),
and DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself).

Saving the working results

You may think the hard drive or a pendrive is a good place to
save your working results. It’s not so bad but think about a
situation where you have to share files with other developers.
Ok, you could use shared folders, samba, or an FTP server.
What if you want to undo the last changes? You couldn’t.
Here the versioning system comes to play.

There are two main version control systems: SVN and Git.
SVN is a little bit older than Git, but Git gained popularity in
the last decade. Git allows you to create code repositories and
save working progress, merge changes with others, undo them
or even create separate parallel copies as branches.
Deployment
It is time to deploy the code into the world. Nowadays we
have many cloud platforms like AWS (Amazon Web
Services), Google Cloud, Firebase, DigitalOcean, Heroku,
etc. All have their entry-level complexity and need proper skills
to manage them.

DevOps have to configure all services you need for the project,
eg. compute cloud/engine, storage and database. In this
step, we usually set up two environments: prod (what all can
use) and stage (to show changes to the client and for testing
purposes). Then we should solve how all changes from the
code repository will be delivered to the public server. This
process describes CI/CD.

CI/CD
The CI/CD term stands for Continuous Integration / Continues
Delivery. While CI is responsible for building code and testing
it (with automatic tests), CD takes care of the build delivery
to the server. Again, we have plenty of tools that can help us
like eg. Jenkins, GitLab, CircleCI, TeamCity, Bamboo, etc.

Monitoring
To minimize the risk of sudden interruption on the backend,
DevOps uses monitoring systems to analyze the utility of
resources. Many cloud platforms have built-in solutions but if
there is a need to use custom tools we can choose one of
these: Sematex Monitoring, Prometheus and Grafana, Dyna
trace, Datadog, etc.

https://fivedottwelve.com/blog/backend-development-process-what-does-it-look-like-and-how-to-plan-
it-effectively/
413 Project plan documents is submitted
Overview

Simply said, project documentation is a term used to describe the documents and
materials involved in a specific project. Notice that materials are also included
because, as mentioned before, documentation is not limited to documents. Any
and all information related to the project can be kept together in the same place
and considered project documentation.

What Is Project Documentation Software?

Tools that fall under the category of project documentation software can be offline
or online and typically enable users to:

 Create, edit and maintain documents.

 Collaborate with colleagues – if online, then in real-time.
 Integrate charts, diagrams, media, designs, development/coding tools.
 Provide customizable templates for quicker document creation.
 Create workflows and processes.
 Structure documents and their storage, creating a logical, searchable
knowledge base.
 Manage meeting minutes and internal communications.

By providing these features, project documentation software centralizes

information that would otherwise be found in various places like shared drives,
emails, chats, spreadsheets, etc. It also allows all colleagues with access to this hub
the ability to edit simultaneously, always having the latest version. In addition, it
significantly reduces the need for paper in the workplace.

Project documentation software is therefore not the same as having a shared drive
where employees dump documents in folders. Instead, this software combines
word processing, collaborating, process diagramming and much more to create a
visual, structured information database.
Project documentation software is often sold as a SaaS (software as a service),
meaning that users will pay a monthly or yearly subscription price. For larger
companies, project documentation software may be installed onsite as an
enterprise solution, and instead be a one-time purchase.

Efficiency = Productivity

This efficiency in turn will lead to higher productivity, whether that’s more tasks
completed, more products produced or any other KPI. Increasing efficiency and
productivity are, of course, other ways of saying that good project documentation
saves you money. Let’s conservatively imagine that only 5% (less than half an
hour per day) of employees’ time is wasted either searching for information they
cannot find or not understanding the documentation tool, and then multiply that
5% by all salaries. How much loss does that amount to for your company?

Providing a commonly accessible platform increases transparency, and reduces

confusion. How many times have you worked on and sent over a document, only
to be told after the fact that you were working on an outdated version?
Unfortunately, a large number of organizations still rely on a shared drive of word
documents or spreadsheets. This inevitably leads to versioning disasters. To offer
employees transparency, provide a central platform for documentation that
updates in real-time and no one will ever find themselves reviewing or working on
an outdated version of a document again.

When project documentation is transparent, each employee throughout your

organization can have the feeling that nothing is hidden from them, and that they
have all the information they need at their fingertips. Needless to say, a little
transparency goes a long way when it comes to employer-employee trust.

It’s not only the employees who will appreciate this transparency but also external
stakeholders. Those who are not involved in the inner workings of the project on a
day-to-day basis should be able to quickly scan the project documents, find what
they are looking for, and update themselves on the status. This saves time in both
directions, as project members won’t have to stop their work to answer questions
or give short status reports.

Lastly, project documentation is often postponed and labeled and “nice to have”
and not a “must have”. But the docs deserve their time. Even the best products,
software, or services aren’t worth much if no one understands them or knows how
to use them.

Project Documentation Examples by Project Phase

Project documentation can take many forms. As mentioned before, it can vary
widely based on several factors, such as industry, company and methodology.
Suffice to say, each project requires its own documentation and the following
examples by no means constitute a comprehensive list. For the sake of clarity, they
are ordered by project phase.

Agile vs Waterfall Documentation

The waterfall project management method is a linear approach that is typically
used when the end goal is clear from the beginning of the project. Since these
projects have a fixed timeline and the deliverables are clear, the documentation
can follow suit. This means that the project documentation can be clearly
planned and written using the phases described below as a guideline.

The Manifesto for Agile Software Development lists working software over
comprehensive documentation as a core principle. However, that doesn’t mean that
documentation cannot be useful for agile project management. As agile projects
are more fluid and take place in short iterations, so too will the documentation. It
may not be possible to write all the documentation at the beginning of the project
as the goals and outcomes develop over time. In addition, the agile
documentation approach emphasizes the creation of documents for the situation
at hand. Therefore, the documents as they are explained here by phase may not be
written in the order found here, or at all.

1. Initiation

The first stage in a project, the initiation, establishes your project team and
the key actions they will have to take in order to achieve success. During
initiation, funding allocation and authorization may also be covered. The project
is only formally approved upon completion of the initiation phase.

Project Proposals
A project proposal, sometimes called a business case, is exactly what it sounds like:
a formal description of the project with an argument for why it should happen. In
the proposal, the purpose of the project should be outlined in a way that will
sufficiently convince decision makers that the project is worth investing time,
effort and money into. It’s important that your proposal is clear and coherent so
that its core message doesn’t get lost.

Project Charter and Scope Statement

A project charter, sometimes called a Project Initiation Document, adds detail to
the initial proposal. It gives the Project Manager the authority to act, turning a
proposal into an actual project. Key requirements, budget, tasks as well as roles
and responsibilities are covered. It explains the project in its entirety, from
its objectives to how it will be carried out. The charter is crucial as it is referred to
throughout the project. The charter is followed by the Project Scope
Statement which breaks the charter down into more detail.

Team Structure Document

The team structure document defines the manager and team members together
with their responsibilities. It’s a great basis for the team when they are getting
started but should be kept up-to-date as other project members and external
stakeholders will most likely use this document as a reference for who
to contact for particular topics.

2. Planning

The planning phase requires time and energy, but the investment helps avoid
problems further down the line.The purpose of the project plays a central role
here, and the entirety of your planning stage should be tailored around your
project goals and objectives. Again, with agile project management planning is
less extensive and action more valuable, so bulleted Product Vision and Project
Overview documents may suffice.

Project Management Plan

Now that the project manager has the authority to act, he or she can create
the Project Management Plan. It outlines the project timeline so
that milestones and expectations are clearly defined from the get-go. As we all
know, no project goes exactly to plan and so tasks and activities must be
documented along the way, noting the changes in the plan. Alternatively, the
Project Management Plan can be kept as a fixed document, while a change
request log serves as amendments to the plan. In either case, the project begins
with a strong foundation and is adapted over time.
Project Roadmap

Typically created and maintained by the project manager, a roadmap provides a

big picture overview of the most important steps in a project. It
includes goals, milestones, dependencies, risks and key deliverables. A
roadmap can and should be shared with team members, experts and external
stakeholders, so it should be clear and succinct enough for any one of them to
quickly skim through and understand. Since roadmaps are usually displayed as
infographics, they are not to be confused with project proposals, charters or plans.

Financial Plan
The financial plan is an overview of the anticipated expenses, including human
resources, materials, equipment and administration costs, etc. These expenses
then become the project’s budget. There are many approaches to calculating your
project’s budget including bottom-up, top-down, analogous, parametric and three-
point estimation. The financial plan may also include information on funding
procurement and allocation, contracts, financial processes and projected
ROIs.
Communication Plan

A communication plan establishes policies on meetings within your team. It

sets expectations for internal communication methods and frequency.
Establishing these at the beginning of a project helps to foster strong working
relationships and ensures that regular meetings are not constantly canceled due
to tight deadlines.

3. Execution

Implementing the plans detailed in the project charter, the execution phase
focuses on delivering products and services to clients or internal stakeholders. It
will most likely be the longest stage of the project and present many challenges.
Since no two projects are alike, chances are not all the documents listed below will
be needed.
Product Requirements / User Stories
If your project is product-oriented, work will be broken down into bite-size pieces
that team members can actually work on. These bite-size pieces are
the requirements or, for the Agile-ist out there, the user stories. Though user
stories are more experience-focused and requirements more functionality-
focused, they both have the same ultimate goal: to provide the end-user with a
feature, function or service they need. No matter which system is used,
requirements and user stories should be well documented in the project, always
leading back to the larger goal they were created to achieve. This is vital because,
with many of these bite-size pieces being worked on at the same time, it’s easy to
get wires crossed and end up building features in opposite directions.

User Documentation
User documentation is an umbrella term that includes user
guides, manual, handbooks, as well as support documentation. This kind of
documentation is created by experts of all kinds — technicians, software
developers, customer service agents — to help the user use a particular
product. Visuals, diagrams, even video tutorials make up a large part of this type
of documentation, only emphasizing the idea that documentation can take all
forms. User documentation can be written as you go or only at certain milestones
or deliveries. In either case, it must be regularly maintained!

Need inspiration for user documentation? Check out the MeisterNote help center.
Process Documentation
When a project team works together for a certain amount of time, processes tend
to develop organically (or ad hoc) and therefore aren’t documented. This creates a
natural cliff-edge: as soon as new people enter the team (or existing members
leave) the need to document processes is suddenly of utmost importance. Whether
it’s small processes, like who reviews whose work, or big processes, like getting
products through all necessary quality assurance checks on time, there
are diagramming tools out there to help. Additionally, these diagramming tools
can usually be integrated directly into your central documentation platform.

Check out which tools integrate directly into Meisternote.

Remember, not all documentation has words! Take the time to map out your
processes and put them in a place for everyone to find. In addition to the many
other advantages of doing this, no one has to commit complicated processes to
memory.
Design Guidelines
Design guidelines are usually created by user experience (UX) experts to provide
colleagues with a set of design recommendations to be used throughout the
project. These guidelines help designers and non-designers ensure a good,
consistent user experience across the board. They may include suggestions related
to style, layout, user interface (UI) components, accessibility, design
patterns and text. Since designers often work with a different tool stack than the
rest of the team, it should be ensured that the design guidelines, with practical
examples, are stored in an easily accessible common space that all employees can
reference.

Meeting Notes
Meeting notes or minutes, serve a meaningful purpose: they hold individuals
accountable for specific action items, acting as a record
of agreements and alignments. Project managers will find this helpful as they
nudge the team members to achieve what they committed to. And team members
will also find this helpful to remind project managers exactly what was agreed —
not more, not less, not early, not late, etc. Modern documentation software easily
integrates with task and project software, significantly decreasing the gap between
a project and its documentation. Therefore, taking meeting minutes and making
sure that they are linked to the relevant tasks and project components is a cinch.

4. Control

The control phase of the project involves monitoring project progress, typically
done by comparing current progress to the project plan. Based on the results of
this comparison, actions can be taken to put the project back on course.

Project Status Reports

Project status reports are created by the project manager to keep stakeholders
apprised of project status. The report compares the project plan against the
actual project progress for a specific time period. Commonly included in the
report is what work has been finished, a summary of the budget and schedule,
any issues encountered along with proposed solutions, as well as a list of action
items and a plan with next steps. Though not the intended audience, team
members and experts may also enjoy reading the status reports to see how their
work is contributing to the overall project status.

Change Request Log

The change request log outlines which changes must be made to the original
project plan, including exactly what needs to be changed and how it might affect
the pre-existing plan. These changes will likely impact the project timeline, and
this too should be recorded. Plans to mitigate the disruption caused by the
changes may also be included.

5. Conclusion

Once the project is officially closed, final meetings with the project team and
stakeholders are conducted to enable reflection on what went well, and what
could have gone better. As a result, you’ll be able to streamline processes in the
future.

Project Closure Document

The project closure document formally concludes the project. Alongside any
sponsor or relevant stakeholder, the project manager is responsible for reviewing
and approving the document. The document should include any big wins,
difficulties or post-project issues, as well as any tasks that still need to be
completed. For your project to be signed off, all the invested
parties must agree that the stakeholders’ expectations were met. This
emphasizes the importance of documentation throughout the project, as without
it, it’s virtually impossible to prove.

Project Retrospective

After a project comes to a close, a retrospective gives the managers, team

members and experts some time to reflect on the project, both the positive and
negative, in a structured way. A retrospective can be held in the form of a meeting
or a workshop, either in the normal work setting or, commonly, outside of it to
enhance the reflective effect. Documenting what went well and what didn’t, as well
as brainstorming ways to deal with difficulties, is indispensable for the
development of future projects.
https://www.meistertask.com/blog/what-is-project-documentation-and-how-can-it-help-your-team/

421 Web/Cloud server provider is identified

Overview

The big three—Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, and Amazon Web

Services (AWS)—are considered the established leaders. However,
there are a host of other smaller or niche players that offer cloud
services as well, including IBM, Alibaba, Oracle, Red Hat,
DigitalOcean, and Rackspace.

Best Cloud Hosting Providers

– Comparison Table
Provider Key features (starter plan) Price

3 GB RAM, 2 CPU cores, 200 GB

SSD storage, unlimited bandwidth,
server resources, dedicated IP From
Hostinger
address, 99.9% cloud uptime ₱499.00/month
guarantee, free domain, free daily
backups

8 GB RAM, 40 GB SSD storage, 5 TB From

SiteGround
bandwidth $100/month

512 MB RAM, 1 CPU core, 80 GB

DreamHost SSD storage, free limited-time Based on usage
bandwidth offer
 512 MB RAM, 1 CPU core, 10 GB
DigitalOcean From $4/month
SSD storage, 500 GB bandwidth

500 MB RAM, 1 CPU core, 10 GB

From
Vultr storage, 500 GB bandwidth, IPv6
$2.50/month
only

1 GB RAM, 1 CPU core, 25 GB

Linode From $5/month
storage, 1 TB bandwidth

Amazon Web
Based on website needs Based on usage
Services

Google Cloud
Based on website needs Based on usage
Platform

Top 8 Cloud Hosting

Providers
We will look at the standout features of the top 8 industry-leading
web hosting companies. By examining their strengths and key
features, you can choose the right cloud web hosting platform for
your project.

1. Hostinger
Rating: 5/5
Best for: websites of all sizes, startups, and eCommerce shops
Price: starting at ₱499.00/month
Key features:

 Scalable cloud hosting solutions to accommodate website

growth

 High-performance servers and SSD storage for fast loading

times

 99.9% server uptime guarantee

 Advanced cloud security measures, including a free SSL

certificate, to protect your data

 User-friendly control panel for easy management

 Excellent customer support available 24/7

Hostinger stands out as the best cloud hosting provider for
numerous reasons, making it an excellent choice for small to
medium-sized websites, startups, and businesses.
Our cloud plans are based on scalability. As your website grows
and requires more resources, you can easily upgrade your cloud
hosting plan without any downtime. This scalability, alongside our
global cloud data centers, ensures that your website can handle
increased traffic and adapt to changing demands.
You also get high-performance servers and SSD storage to
guarantee fast page loading times, improving user experience and
search engine rankings. With our robust infrastructure, your website
performs optimally, even during peak traffic periods.
Security is also a top priority for us. We have implemented
advanced security measures, including a free SSL certificate,
firewalls, and regular cloud backups, to protect your data and keep
your website safe from cyber threats.
Managing your cloud hosting environment is also made easy with
Hostinger’s user-friendly control panel hPanel. Whether you are
setting up your free domain, managing email accounts, or installing
applications, hPanel’s intuitive interface allows you to efficiently
manage your cloud hosting plan without any advanced technical
knowledge.
Additionally, Hostinger provides exceptional live chat customer
support around the clock. Our knowledgeable Customer Success
team is ready to assist you with any technical issues or questions
you may have.
Whether you’re an online business or a growing startup, Hostinger
offers the reliability and features needed to host your website in
the cloud and succeed online. Thanks to the scalability, high-
performance servers, advanced security measures, user-friendly
control panel, and excellent customer support, your website can
handle anything.

2. SiteGround
Rating: 4.7/5
Best for: small to medium-sized businesses, WordPress websites
Price: starting at $100/month
Key features:
  Scalable resources

 Advanced caching technology

 User-friendly control panel

 Customer support with 24/7 availability

 Security measures for data protection

SiteGround’s cloud hosting services are particularly well-suited for

small to medium-sized businesses, WordPress websites, and
developers. Note that the website hosting price point is higher
than other cloud providers, so it may be a better investment for
resource-heavy projects.
One of the standout features of SiteGround’s cloud hosting service
is its advanced caching technology. It helps websites load faster,
resulting in a better user experience and improved chances of
ranking higher on search engines.
SiteGround offers a user-friendly control panel for managing your
cloud hosting environment. Even if you’re not an experienced
developer, navigating the interface and performing necessary
maintenance tasks is relatively easy.
However, SiteGround’s cloud hosting service is considerably more
expensive than the market average, making it less accessible for
budget-conscious individuals or small businesses. Additionally, its
data center locations are somewhat limited, which can affect server
latency for users in certain regions.

3. DreamHost
Rating: 4.4/5
Best for: bloggers and small businesses
Price: based on usage
Key features:

 Scalable cloud hosting services

 DreamObjects storage service

 Custom control panel

 SSD storage for enhanced cloud server performance

 Privacy and data protection

DreamHost offers a range of cloud hosting plans suitable for

bloggers and small businesses. Scalable cloud hosting services
provide the necessary resources to accommodate the growth of
your website.
Similar to Hostinger, it offers a custom control panel, making
managing your cloud hosting environment easier. The
DreamObjects service offers a storage solution similar to Dropbox
or Google Drive. Available at an additional cost, it expands storage
capacity as needed for storing and retrieving backups and other
types of files.
Unlike other cloud hosting providers, DreamHost’s pricing isn’t as
transparent. In fact, the usage-based pricing might make it harder
for beginners to estimate how much their hosting service will cost
each month.
Its cloud hosting plans also don’t offer as many advanced features
or developer-oriented tools as some hosting providers, making it a
less ideal option for seasoned developers. Additionally, it’s
important to note that DreamHost’s cloud hosting plans may not be
as suitable for high-traffic or resource-intensive websites.

4. DigitalOcean

Rating: 4.3/5
Best for: developers and startups
Price: starting at $4/month
Key features:

 Scalable “droplets” (cloud VMs) for resource allocation

 Developer-friendly environment with extensive documentation

and community support

 Network of data centers for optimal performance and

availability

 User-friendly control panel and API

DigitalOcean is a web host known for its developer-centric

approach and scalable infrastructure. Their cloud virtual machines
(VMs) or “droplets” make it easy to scale resources. With a focus on
user experience, it provides a straightforward web hosting
environment for developers.
The platform offers extensive documentation and a supportive
community, making it a good choice for developers seeking to
collaborate with others. DigitalOcean’s network of data centers also
ensures low latency and high availability for your cloud-hosted
applications.
Unfortunately, due to the developer-oriented nature of
DigitalOcean’s cloud hosting packages, you will need some
technical expertise to fully utilize all its features. Additionally,
compared to the best cloud hosting providers, it doesn’t have as
many pre-configured application stacks or managed cloud hosting
services available.
5. Vultr

Rating: 4.2/5
Best for: developers and businesses
Price: starting at $2.50/month
Key features:

 Scalable compute instances for resource allocation

 Network of cloud servers for better performance

 Flexible pricing with pay-as-you-go and monthly plans

Vultr is a web host that offers cloud web hosting with scalable
compute instances, allowing you to adjust resources according to
your requirements.
Its global network of data centers aims to provide low latency and
high availability – Vultr has multiple locations to choose from.
This provider has both pay-as-you-go and monthly plans available,
making it a popular web hosting solution for developers,
businesses, and individuals looking for a flexible hosting solution.
However, this infrastructure and flexible pricing come at a cost.
Users need technical knowledge to fully utilize its services. Vultr’s
customer support is also limited, primarily focusing on
infrastructure-related issues.

6. Linode

Rating: 4.1/5
Best for: developers, businesses, and resource-intensive
workloads
Price: starting at $5/month
Key features:
  Standard and high-memory hosting services

 Dedicated CPU options

 APIs for seamless automation and integration

Linode is a web hosting company catering to developers,

businesses, and resource-intensive projects. Its standard and high-
memory web hosting plans are flexible, accommodating various
application and project requirements.
The dedicated CPU options provide consistent performance for
resource-intensive projects. This feature is particularly beneficial for
applications that require consistent computing power and stable
cloud servers.
The APIs make this web host popular for developers seeking web
hosting with seamless automation, integration, and customization.
Linode’s APIs enable developers to programmatically control their
infrastructure and streamline workflows.
While it provides a robust web hosting infrastructure, beginners
should expect a rather steep learning curve. Linode’s customer
support is also primarily infrastructure-focused, meaning that you
need to understand how cloud computing works to get the most out
of your cloud server.

7. AWS (Amazon Web Services)

Rating: 4.9/5
Best for: enterprises, large-scale websites, and complex
applications
Price: pay-as-you-go pricing model, varies based on services and
usage
Key features:

 Several cloud services for diverse needs

 Scalable infrastructure

 Security measures and compliance certifications

 Network of data centers

 Integration capabilities

AWS, Amazon’s cloud computing platform, offers cloud hosting

features mainly for enterprises and large-scale websites with
complex infrastructure requirements. It has an extensive range of
cloud solutions, including storage, computing power, databases,
and analytics.
With a flexible infrastructure and multiple availability zones, it lets
users dynamically adjust resources to match fluctuating demands.
Users also get advanced features such as encryption, access
control, and comprehensive compliance certifications, making it a
good choice for organizations with sensitive data and regulatory
requirements.
With a global network of data centers, AWS aims to offer low-
latency connections and optimal performance across different
regions. It also integrates with various services and tools, giving
users flexibility and customization options.
While AWS is a feature-rich platform, it’s not the first choice for
users with little technical expertise. Compared to other cloud
hosting options, it isn’t as easy to navigate and manage.
Additionally, the pay-as-you-go pricing model means costs can vary
based on usage and specific services utilized.

8. Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

Rating: 4.8/5
Best for: machine learning applications and data-intensive projects
Price: varies based on services and usage
Key features:

 A comprehensive suite of cloud services

 Scalable infrastructure

 Advanced security features and compliance certifications

 Data analytics and big data processing capabilities

 Integration with other Google services

Google Cloud Platform (GCP) offers a wide range of cloud services

tailored to businesses, including startups, enterprises, and
organizations with data-intensive workloads.
GCP’s scalable infrastructure ensures high-performance
connectivity and low-latency connections across regions. Features
like data encryption, identity and access management, and
compliance certifications make it a good choice for projects
requiring robust security.
The data analytics and big data processing capabilities of GCP
make it easy for businesses to extract valuable insights from large
datasets. With services like BigQuery and Dataflow, organizations
can efficiently process and analyze data for informed decision-
making.
As part of the Google ecosystem, GCP easily integrates with other
services such as Google Workspace and Google Maps, providing a
cohesive environment for businesses using multiple Google tools.
One major downside of GCP is its steep learning curve. Pricing also
varies based on usage and specific services employed, meaning
you need to know what resources your site needs for optimal
performance.

Criteria for Choosing the

Best Cloud Hosting Platform
Selecting the best cloud hosting provider is a crucial decision
that can significantly impact the performance and success of your
website. Consider the following criteria to make an informed choice:

1. Scalability
The best cloud hosting providers offer scalable resources, allowing
you to easily upgrade or downgrade your hosting plan as your
website’s needs evolve. Scalability ensures that your website can
handle increased traffic and accommodate future growth without
experiencing performance issues.

2. Reliability and Uptime

A reliable web host should guarantee high uptime, minimizing
downtime and ensuring that your website is accessible to visitors at
all times. Look for providers with a proven track record of stable
performance and reliable infrastructure.

3. Security Measures
Ensure that your chosen web hosting platform has robust security
measures in place to protect your website and data. Look for
features like free SSL certificates, firewalls, malware scanning, and
regular backups. Data encryption and intrusion detection systems
are also crucial for safeguarding sensitive information.

4. Performance and Speed

Opt for a cloud hosting platform that utilizes high-speed servers,
SSD storage, and content delivery networks (CDNs). These
technologies ensure fast page load times, enhancing the user
experience and improving search engine rankings.
5. Customer Support
Reliable customer support is vital when issues or questions arise.
Look for a cloud host that offers 24/7 customer support through
various channels such as live chat, phone, and ticketing systems.
Responsive and knowledgeable support helps resolve technical
issues promptly and provides guidance when needed.

6. Pricing and Value

Compare the pricing structures and features different hosting
companies offer. Consider the value provided in terms of resources,
performance, security, and customer support. Remember that the
cheapest cloud hosting plan may not always offer the best value for
your specific requirements.

7. User-Friendly Control Panel

An intuitive control panel makes it easier to manage your cloud
hosting environment, even if you don’t have advanced technical
knowledge. Look for a provider with a user-friendly interface that
allows you to easily manage your website, domain settings, email
accounts, and other hosting features.

8. Reputation and Reviews

Research the reputation of the cloud hosting platform by reading
reviews and testimonials and checking independent sources for
feedback from other users. Consider the users’ experience and
overall satisfaction, and pay attention to any recurring issues
mentioned in reviews.

How to Choose the Right

Cloud Hosting Provider
Choosing the right cloud web host is crucial in establishing a
reliable and high-performing online presence. To ensure you make
the best decision for your website’s needs, consider the following
steps:

1. Assess Your Hosting Requirements

Start by evaluating your website’s requirements. Consider factors
such as the size of your website, expected traffic levels, storage
needs, and any specific software or applications you may require.
This will help you determine the necessary resources and features
your cloud host should offer – for instance, you might realize you
need a free CDN, a free domain, and unlimited bandwidth to get the
most out of your site.

2. Research and Compare Providers

Conduct thorough research on different web hosts. Pay attention to
factors such as reputation, customer reviews, and the range of
services they offer. List potential providers that align with your
hosting requirements and compare them based on features, pricing,
performance, and support.

3. Consider Scalability and Flexibility

Look for a web host that offers scalable solutions. Your website’s
needs may change over time, so choosing cloud-based hosting that
allows you to easily upgrade or downgrade your resources as
needed is essential. Flexibility is crucial in accommodating your
website’s growth and traffic fluctuations.

4. Evaluate Performance and Uptime

Performance and uptime are vital for the success of your website.
Look for cloud hosting providers with robust infrastructure, high-
speed servers, and solid-state drives (SSDs) for fast loading times.
Additionally, ensure the provider has a reliable uptime track record,
offering a 99.9% or higher uptime guarantee.

5. Examine Security Measures

Website security should be a top priority. Verify that the cloud
hosting platform implements strong security measures, such as
firewalls, DDoS protection, malware scanning, and SSL certificates.
Regular backups and cloud disaster recovery options are also
essential for safeguarding your data.
6. Assess Customer Support
Reliable customer support is crucial if you encounter any technical
issues or need assistance with your cloud management. Look for a
web hosting company that offers 24/7 customer support through
multiple channels. Prompt and knowledgeable support ensures the
timely resolution of any hosting-related concerns.

7. Consider Pricing and Value

Compare the pricing structures of different cloud web hosting sites.
Assess their value in terms of features, resources, performance,
and support. Be cautious of overly cheap plans that may
compromise service quality, but also avoid overpaying for
unnecessary features you won’t need. Look out for top cloud
hosting providers offering add-ons, such as free domain
registration, free SSL certificates, and free migration services.

8. Read the Terms and Conditions

Carefully review the terms and conditions, including the refund
policy, service-level agreements (SLAs), and any limitations or
restrictions. Ensure you clearly understand what is included in your
hosting plan and whether there are any potential additional costs.

9. Seek Recommendations and Reviews

Look for recommendations from trusted sources or industry
professionals who have experience with different web hosts.
Additionally, read customer reviews and testimonials to understand
how existing customers like the platform. Pay attention to any
recurring themes and feedback about performance, service
reliability, and customer support.

10. Take Advantage of Free Trials and

Promotions
Many web hosts offer free trials or money-back guarantees. Take
advantage of these offers to test their services firsthand and assess
the performance, ease of use, and support quality before
committing to a long-term plan.

https://www.hostinger.ph/tutorials/best-cloud-hosting

422 Server specifications are selected

Overview

Server specifications provide detailed information for your server, including dimensions,
electrical, power, temperature, environment, and service clearances. Server specifications
provide detailed information for your server, including dimensions, electrical, power,
temperature, environment, and service clearances.

Hardware and Software Requirements

Server Software Requirements

 Supported Operating Systems:
o Windows Server 2022 (including Server Core), 2019, 2016, 2012, 2008
o Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, Vista (Ultimate or Business)
 Supported Databases:
o SQLite (default)
 only recommended for smaller installations (1 - 50 users)
o Microsoft SQL Server:
 Versions 2005 or higher (Express Edition or better)
 Including High Availability features (Always On Availability Groups, Windows Server
Failover Cluster)
o PostgreSQL 9.0 or higher
o Microsoft Azure SQL DB
 Microsoft .NET Framework:
o 4.8 is required (default, installed for you)
 Supported versions of IIS or IIS Express:
o IIS Express versions 10+ (default, installed for you)
o IIS versions 7+

Note: Pleasant Password Server does not support Windows 2003

Server Hardware Requirements

With the release of version 7, PPASS requires a 64-bit processor; use version 6 for 32-bit
processors.

 Micro installation (<1k entries; 1-10 users):

o Dual-Core 1.6 Ghz or higher
o 2 GB RAM
o 500 MB free disk space
 Small installation (1k-10k entries; 10-100 users):
o Dual-Core 2 Ghz or higher
o 4 GB RAM
o 1 GB free disk space
 Medium installation (10k+ entries; 100-1,000 users):
o Quad-Core 2 Ghz or higher
o 8 GB RAM
o 2 GB free disk space
 Large installation (100k+ entries; 1,000-10,000 users):
o Contact Us
 Very Large installation (1M+ entries; 10,000+ users):
o Contact Us

Notes:
 Additional RAM is recommended as the database size grows, for optimal performance.
 Additional resources should be added when using MS-SQL, PostgreSQL, or Azure
databases.
o For example, MS-SQL Standard itself requires 1 GB RAM and 6 GB free disk space
 Each database software has their own additional hardware requirements depending on
installed components (please refer to vendor websites)
 The Server Requirements above already include database calculations with a default
SQLite database.

Other Considerations
 Pleasant Password Server will operate in a virtualized environment (VMWare or Hyper-V).
 Pleasant Password Server can run on the same machine as other applications. Pleasant
Password Server will require sufficient RAM and CPU to operate normally, however (see
the next point),
 For maximum security, Pleasant Password Server should be installed on a dedicated
system or at least on a system with applications serving the same level of
security/sensitivity. Access to these systems should then be restricted. While all sensitive
data in Pleasant Password Server is either securely hashed or encrypted, it is a best
practice for security to limit any opportunities for foul play.

KeePass Client Requirements

Supported operating systems:

 Windows 11, 10, 8.1, 8, 7, Vista

 Windows Server 2022, 2019, 2016, 2012, 2008

Prerequisites:

 Microsoft .NET Framework 4.5+

https://pleasantpasswords.com/info/pleasant-password-server/a-install/hardware-and-software-
requirements

SQL Server 2019: Hardware and software requirements

 Article
 08/04/2023
 5 contributors
Feedback
 In this article
1. Hardware requirements
2. Software requirements
3. Operating system support
4. Cross-language support
Show 5 more

Applies to: SQL Server - Windows only

The article lists the minimum hardware and software requirements to install and run SQL
Server 2019 (15.x) on the Windows operating system.

For hardware and software requirements for other versions of SQL Server, see:

 SQL Server 2022

 SQL Server 2016 and 2017
 SQL Server on Linux
 Big data cluster

Hardware requirements
The following memory and processor requirements apply to all editions of SQL Server:

Expand table

Component Requirement

Hard Disk SQL Server requires a minimum of 6 GB of available hard-disk space.

Disk space requirements will vary with the SQL Server components you install. For more
information, see Hard Disk Space Requirements later in this article. For information on
supported storage types for data files, see Storage Types for Data Files.

Monitor SQL Server requires Super-VGA (800x600) or higher resolution monitor.

Internet Internet functionality requires Internet access (fees may apply).

Memory * Minimum:

Express Editions: 512 MB

All other editions: 1 GB

Component Requirement

Recommended:

Express Editions: 1 GB

All other editions: At least 4 GB and should be increased as database size increases to ensure
optimal performance.

Processor Minimum: x64 Processor: 1.4 GHz

Speed
Recommended: 2.0 GHz or faster

Processor x64 Processor: AMD Opteron, AMD Athlon 64, Intel Xeon with Intel EM64T support, Intel
Type Pentium IV with EM64T support

Note

Installation of SQL Server is supported on x64 processors only. It is no longer supported

on x86 processors.

* The minimum memory required for installing the Data Quality Server component in
Data Quality Services (DQS) is 2 GB of RAM, which is different from the SQL Server
minimum memory requirement. For information about installing DQS, see Install Data
Quality Services.

Software requirements
The following requirements apply to all installations:

Expand table

Component Requirement

Operating Windows 10 TH1 1507 or greater

system
Windows Server 2016 or greater

.NET Minimum operating system includes minimum .NET framework.

Framework

Network Supported operating systems for SQL Server have built-in network software. Named and default
Software instances of a stand-alone installation support the following network protocols: Shared
memory, Named Pipes, and TCP/IP.
Component Requirement

SQL Server Setup installs the following software components required by the product:

 SQL Server Native Client

 SQL Server Setup application support files
Important

There are additional hardware and software requirements for the PolyBase feature. For
more information, see Get started with PolyBase.

Operating system support

The following table shows which editions of SQL Server 2019 (15.x) are compatible with
which versions of Windows:

Expand table

SQL Server edition: Enterprise Developer Standard Web Express

Windows Server 2022 Datacenter Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Server 2022 Datacenter: Azure Edition Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Server 2022 Standard Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Server 2022 Essentials Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Server 2019 Datacenter Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Server 2019 Standard Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Server 2019 Essentials Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Server 2016 Standard Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Server 2016 Essentials Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows 11 IoT Enterprise No Yes Yes No Yes

Windows 11 Enterprise No Yes Yes No Yes

Windows 11 Professional No Yes Yes No Yes

SQL Server edition: Enterprise Developer Standard Web Express

Windows 11 Home No Yes Yes No Yes

Windows 10 IoT Enterprise No Yes Yes No Yes

Windows 10 Enterprise No Yes Yes No Yes

Windows 10 Professional No Yes Yes No Yes

Windows 10 Home No Yes Yes No Yes

Server core support

Installing SQL Server 2019 (15.x) on Server Core mode is supported by the following
editions of Windows Server:

Windows Server 2022 Core

Windows Server 2019 Core

Windows Server 2016 Core

For more information on installing SQL Server on Server Core, see Install SQL Server on
Server Core.

Note

Installing SQL Server on a Windows OS on which case sensitivity is enabled isn't

supported. For more information review SQL Server isn't supported on a Windows
operating system on which case sensitivity is enabled

Cross-language support
For more information about cross-language support and considerations for installing
SQL Server in localized languages, see Local Language Versions in SQL Server.

Disk space requirements

During installation of SQL Server, Windows Installer creates temporary files on the
system drive. Before you run Setup to install or upgrade SQL Server, verify that you have
at least 6.0 GB of available disk space on the system drive for these files. This
requirement applies even if you install SQL Server components to a non-default drive.

Actual hard disk space requirements depend on your system configuration and the
features that you decide to install. The following table provides disk space requirements
for SQL Server components.

Expand table

Feature Disk space

requirement

Database Engine and data files, Replication, Full-Text Search, and Data Quality Services 1480 MB

Database Engine (as above) with R Services (In-Database) 2744 MB

Database Engine (as above) with PolyBase Query Service for External Data 4194 MB

Analysis Services and data files 698 MB

Reporting Services 967 MB

Microsoft R Server (Standalone) 280 MB

Reporting Services - SharePoint 1203 MB

Reporting Services Add-in for SharePoint Products 325 MB

Data Quality Client 121 MB

Client Tools Connectivity 328 MB

Integration Services 306 MB

Client Components (other than SQL Server Books Online components and Integration 445 MB
Services tools)

Master Data Services 280 MB

SQL Server Books Online Components to view and manage help content* 27 MB

All Features 8030 MB

*The disk space requirement for downloaded Books Online content is 200 MB.
Storage types for data files
The supported storage types for data files are:

 Local Disk
o SQL Server currently supports disk drives that have standard native sector sizes of 512
bytes and 4 KB. Hard disks with sector sizes larger than 4 KB may cause errors when
attempting to store SQL Server data files on them. See Hard disk drive sector-size
support boundaries in SQL Server for more information on hard disk sector-size
support in SQL Server. For more information, see Troubleshoot errors related to system
disk sector size greater than 4 KB.
o SQL Server failover cluster installation supports Local Disk only for installing the
tempdb files. Ensure that the path specified for the tempdb data and log files is valid
on all the cluster nodes. During failover, if the tempdb directories are not available on
the failover target node, the SQL Server resource will fail to come online.
 Shared Storage
 Storage Spaces Direct (S2D)
 SMB File Share
o SMB storage isn't supported for Analysis Services data files for either standalone or
clustered installations. Use direct attached storage, a storage area network, or S2D
instead.
o SMB storage can be hosted by a Windows File Server or a third-party SMB storage
device. If Windows File Server is used, the Windows File Server version should be 2008
or later. For more information about installing SQL Server using SMB file share as a
storage option, see Install SQL Server with SMB Fileshare as a Storage Option.

Installing SQL Server on a domain controller

For security reasons, don't install SQL Server on a domain controller. SQL Server Setup
doesn't block installation on a computer that is a domain controller, but the following
limitations apply:

 You can't run SQL Server services on a domain controller under a local service account.
 After SQL Server is installed on a computer, you can't change the computer from a domain
member to a domain controller. You must uninstall SQL Server before you change the
host computer to a domain controller.
 After SQL Server is installed on a computer, you can't change the computer from a domain
controller to a domain member. You must uninstall SQL Server before you change the
host computer to a domain member.
 SQL Server failover cluster instances are not supported where cluster nodes are domain
controllers.
  SQL Server isn't supported on a read-only domain controller. SQL Server Setup can't
create security groups or provision SQL Server service accounts on a read-only domain
controller. In this scenario, Setup will fail.
 A SQL Server failover cluster instance isn't supported in an environment where only a
read-only domain controller is accessible.

Installation media
You can get relevant installation media from the following locations:

 SQL Server evaluation center

 Most recent cumulative updates

Alternatively, you can create an Azure virtual machine already running SQL
Server though SQL Server on a virtual machine will be slower than running natively
because of the overhead of virtualization.

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/install/hardware-and-software-requirements-for-
installing-sql-server-2019?view=sql-server-ver16

423 Server operating system is selected and installed

Overview

A server is a computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs to other
computers, known as clients, over a network. In theory, whenever computers share resources
with client machines, they are considered servers.
How to Install Windows Server 2019?

Installing Windows Server 2019 is pivotal in setting up reliable server infrastructure that can
handle many of your organizational needs. Whether you’re running a small business network,
managing a data center, or hosting websites and applications, Windows Server 2019 provides a
top features platform to meet your development or work needs.

Windows Server 2019 offers a plethora of enhancements over its predecessors, including
improved security features, enhanced virtualization capabilities, and better performance. It’s
designed to be a stable and scalable foundation for your network infrastructure, to ensure your
systems run smoothly and securely.

At the end of this guide, you will have a better understanding of the process to install Windows
Server 2019, ensuring that you have a clear and accessible roadmap to deploy this powerful
operating system on your hardware successfully. Don’t forget to also choose the best cloud
server hosting setup for your deployment.

Whether you are a top dev professional, working freelance, a 9-5 job, or a beginner trying to
work your dedicated Windows server journey, this tutorial will demystify the installation process
of windows server deployments, enabling you to harness the potential of Windows Server 2019
for your business or personal needs. So, let’s look into the intricacies of installing Windows
Server 2019 and give you the opportunity to work on this crucial aspect of server management.

Prerequisites to Install Microsoft Windows Server 2019

The Windows Server 2019 requirements are very similar to Windows 10 system requirements.

 Processor – 1.4 GHz 64-bit processor

 RAM – 512 MB
 Disk Space – 32 GB
 Network – Gigabit (10/100/1000 based) Ethernet adapter
 Optical Storage – DVD drive (if installing the operating system from DVD media)
 Video – Super VGA (1024 x 768) or higher -resolution
 Input Devices – Keyboard and mouse
 Internet – Broadband access

How to Install the Windows Server Operating System

Before we get started with the installation, you will need a copy of Windows Server 2019 to
enable you to work on your installation. To do this, visit the Microsoft Website and navigate to
the Windows Server Evaluations.

Here, you can download various versions of the evaluation product, including Windows Server
2019, that you can use for free for 180 days. You can evaluate using the Azure, ISO, and VHD.
You can install your Windows Server 2019 on a virtual machine like Hyper-V. Let’s get started.

Windows Server 2019 Installation Steps

Step 1: Create a boot mode

We need to boot from the installation media like the ISO file downloaded. Download a few
virtual machines to see which one works for you. You can choose Hypervisor and boot the ISO
on the virtual machine. This should lead you to a new screen. If you need to use hardware,
choose an 8GB memory stick.

Step 2: Select Language, Keyboard type, and Time Zone

Now that you have a new screen up. Make sure you are on a screen that says Windows Setup. It
should be a blue screen where you can choose your language, time, and currency format, and
keyboard.

Step 3: Install Windows Server 2019

On the new screen, you want to click on Install Now to begin installation. Now, this could take a
few minutes or seconds, depending on your RAM size.

Step 4: Choose the Windows Operating System

You need to choose the Windows operating system that works best for you at this stage,
depending on our needs. We have four types:
  Windows Server 2019 Standard Evaluation
 Windows Server 2019 Standard Evaluation (Desktop Experience)
 Windows Server 2019 Data Center Evaluation
 Windows Server 2019 Data Center Evaluation (Desktop Experience)

The desktop experience version installs the full graphical interface version of the operating
system, which is ideal for learning and evaluating Windows Server 2019. The option that does
not include the Desktop Experience will install a server-core version of the OS, which doesn’t
include a GUI, and it is managed using PowerShell or remotely with Windows Admin Center.
Learn more about how to install PIP on Windows.

Step 5: Applicable Notices

Click Next, read through the licensing terms, check the box “I accept the license terms,” and
click Next again.

Step 6: Determine Installation Type

Here, we have two choices, which are Upgrade and Custom. Now, the custom option will allow
us to install a new and clean Windows Server 2019, while the Upgrade will help you upgrade the
current operating system on your virtual machine. However, we are working with a brand new
installation here, so you should choose the Custom option.

Step 7: Where to install Windows

At this point, you need to allocate disk space to install the Windows Server 2019 operating
system. You can allocate a specified size to house the Windows OS or install it in the currently
allocated disk space. However, it is a good idea to house the operating system in a separate
partition. For instance, if your server will be a file server, keeping the operating system separate
from your user data is best. To do this, click on NEW and specify the space that you need to
allocate for your file storage. Make sure you leave at least 60GB available for the Windows
Server operating system. Allocate and click APPLY.

Read more on how to install Plesk on a Windows Server.

Step 8: Ready to Install Windows

Make sure the primary partition is selected, and then click NEXT. Now you should get a screen
that says ‘Installing Windows’ with steps like, ‘Copying Windows files’, ‘Getting files ready for
installation’, ‘Installing features’, ‘Installing updates’, and ‘Finishing Setup’. Sit back, as this
could take a couple of minutes, and restart about two to three times before installation is
completed.

Step 9: Customize Settings and Enter Your Administrator Password

Your new screen should have a field to specify your admin password. Your password must meet
Windows server complexity requirements. Type in your password and click Finish.

Step 10: Configuring the Server

At this point, the installation has been completed. It’s time to check for security vulnerabilities
and to make sure things like Windows Deployment Services (WDS) Transport Server role were
added to the Server Core, Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection (ATP), and Windows
Time Service.

https://www.servermania.com/kb/articles/how-to-install-windows-server-2019

424 Web server user access is configured

Overview

You can use the system user accounts, or you can create separate web server
user accounts. The advantage of using system user accounts is that you can
leverage the existing security and authentication mechanisms of your
operating system.

Windows Server 2019

Managing Users and
Groups
A Complete Guide to Managing Users and
Groups in Windows Server 2019
The robust operating system Windows Server 2019 is capable of
efficiently managing users and groups. Any organisation must manage
users and groups in Windows Server 2019 because it improves security
and resource management.
This guide will cover effective user and group management in Windows
Server 2019.

Establishing Users and Groups

Creating new users and groups is the first step in managing users and
groups in Windows Server 2019.

Follow these steps to create a new user:

1. Launch the "Local Users and Groups" section of the Server Manager
console.
2. From the context menu, click "Users" and choose "New User."
3. Type the user's name, full name, description, and password in the
"New User" dialogue box.
4. To create a new user, click "Create."

The steps below should be followed to create a new group:

1. Launch the "Local Users and Groups" section of the Server Manager
console.
2. From the context menu, click "Groups," then choose "New Group."
3. Enter the group name, description, and group type in the "New Group"
dialogue box.
4. To create the new group, click "Create."
Windows Server Managing Users

Taking care of Users and Groups

The next step is to manage new users and groups efficiently after they
have been created.

Various tools are available in Windows Server 2019 to manage users

and groups.

These tools consist of:

1. Active Directory Users and Computers: This application is used for

Active Directory user and group management.
2. Local Users and Groups: On a local computer, users and groups are
managed using this tool.
3. PowerShell: PowerShell is an effective scripting language that can be
used to manage users and groups.

Active Directory Users and Computers User Management

Follow these steps to manage users with Active Directory Users and
Computers:
 1. Launch the console for Active Directory Users and Computers.
2. Locate the container labelled "Users."
3. Double-click the user whose account you wish to manage.
4. You can change a number of attributes, including the user's name,
description, password, and group membership, in the user's properties
dialogue box.
5. To save the changes, click "OK."

Using Active Directory Users and Computers for Group

Management

The steps listed below can be used to manage groups with Active
Directory Users and Computers:

1. Launch the console for Active Directory Users and Computers.

2. Select the "Groups" container from the list.
3. Double-click the group that needs management.
4. You can change a number of attributes, including the group's name,
description, membership, and scope, in the group's properties dialogue
box.
5. To save the changes, click "OK."

Using PowerShell for User and Group Management

An effective command-line interface for managing users and groups is

offered by PowerShell.

Follow these steps to manage users and groups using PowerShell:

1. Launch the PowerShell console.

2. Use the "Get-ADUser" and "Set-ADUser" cmdlets to manage users.
3. Use the "Get-ADGroup" and "Set-ADGroup" cmdlets to manage groups.
4. Use the appropriate parameters to change different user and group
attributes.

Managing Permissions for Users and Groups

Enhancing security and resource management requires managing user

and group permissions.

Various tools are available in Windows Server 2019 to manage user

and group permissions.
 Making the Management of Users and Groups
simple

These tools consist of:

1. File Explorer: File Explorer can be used to control folder and file
permissions.
2. Security Configuration Wizard: You can set up security settings on
servers and applications using the Security Configuration Wizard.
3. Group Policy: Group Policy allows users and groups to have their
security settings customised.

File Explorer's User and Group Permissions Management

1. Click "Properties" by using the right-click menu on the file or folder you want to manage.

2. Select "Security" from the tabs.

3. To change the permissions, click the "Edit" button.

4. You can edit the permissions for users and groups in the
"Permissions for [file or folder]" dialogue box by adding or removing
them.

5. To save the changes, click "OK."

Utilizing Group Policy to Manage User and Group Permissions

The steps listed below can be used to manage user and group
permissions using Group Policy:

1. Launch the console for Group Policy Management.

2. Make changes to an existing Group Policy Object (GPO) or create a
new one.
3. Select "Computer Configuration> Policies> Windows Settings> Security
Settings> Local Policies> User Rights Assignment."
 4. Double-click the user right that needs to be changed.
5. You have the option to add or remove users and groups in the user
right properties dialogue box.
6. Press "OK" to save the modifications.

https://licendi.com/en/blog/windows-server-2019s-managing-users-and-groups/

425 Web server software is selected and installed

Overview

It is important to consider performance, security, scalability, platform, and community when

choosing the right web server. With an informed choice, you can ensure the success of your
application and offer users a high-quality experience.

What is Windows Admin Center?

 Article
 01/03/2024
 15 contributors
Feedback

In this article
1. How does Windows Admin Center work?
2. Learn how Windows Admin Center improves your management environment

Applies to: Windows Admin Center, Windows Admin Center Preview

Windows Admin Center is a locally-deployed, browser-based management tool set that

lets you manage your Windows Clients, Servers, and Clusters without needing to
connect to the cloud. Windows Admin Center gives you full control over all aspects of
your server infrastructure and is particularly useful for managing servers on private
networks that are not connected to the Internet.

Windows Admin Center is the modern evolution of "in-box" management tools, like
Server Manager and MMC. It complements System Center - it's not a replacement.
How does Windows Admin Center work?
Windows Admin Center runs in a web browser and manages Windows Server 2022,
Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server
2012, Windows 11, Windows 10, Azure Stack HCI and more through the Windows
Admin Center gateway installed on Windows Server or domain-joined Windows 10.
The gateway manages servers by using Remote PowerShell and WMI over WinRM. The
gateway is included with Windows Admin Center in a single lightweight .msi package
that you can download.

The Windows Admin Center gateway, when published to DNS and given access through
corresponding corporate firewalls, lets you securely connect to, and manage, your
servers from anywhere with Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome.
Learn how Windows Admin Center improves your
management environment

Familiar functionality

Windows Admin Center is the evolution of long-standing, well known management

platforms like Microsoft Management Console (MMC), built from the ground up for the
way systems are built and managed today. Windows Admin Center contains many of the
familiar tools you currently use to manage Windows Servers and clients.

Easy to install and use

Install on a Windows 11 computer, and start managing in minutes, or install on a

Windows 2022 server acting as a gateway to enable your entire organization to manage
computers from their web browser.

Complements existing solutions

Windows Admin Center works with solutions like System Center and Azure management
and security, adding to their capabilities to perform detailed, single-machine
management tasks.

Manage from anywhere

Publish your Windows Admin Center gateway server to the public Internet, then you can
connect to and manage your servers from anywhere, all in a secure manner.

Enhanced security for your management platform

Windows Admin Center has many enhancements that make your management
platform more secure. Role-based access control lets you fine-tune which administrators
have access to which management features. Gateway authentication options include
local groups, local domain-based Active Directory, and cloud-based Microsoft Entra ID.
Also, gain insight into management actions performed in your environment.

Azure integration for on-premises and hybrid machines

Windows Admin Center has many points of integration with Azure services, including
Microsoft Entra ID, Azure Backup, Azure Site Recovery, and more.

Windows Admin Center in Azure

Using Windows Admin Center in the Azure portal you can manage the Windows Server
operating system of your Arc-enabled servers (preview), Azure Stack HCI cluster nodes
(preview), and Azure VMs.

You can securely manage your machines from anywhere–without needing a VPN, public
IP address, or other inbound connectivity to your machine.

Deploy hyper-converged and failover clusters

Windows Admin Center allows for seamless deployment of hyper-converged and

failover clusters through an easy-to-use wizard.

Manage hyper-converged clusters

Windows Admin Center offers the best experience for managing hyper-converged
clusters - including virtualized compute, storage, and networking components.

Extensibility

Windows Admin Center was built with extensibility in mind from the beginning, with the
ability for Microsoft and 3rd party developers to build tools and solutions beyond the
current offerings. Microsoft offers an SDK that enables developers to build their own
tools for Windows Admin Center.

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/manage/windows-admin-center/understand/what-
is