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‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﺤﻠﻮل‬
 🧐 ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic methods. It was
(Q1) created by Sigmund Freud. Traditional psychoanalysis is no longer practiced because (Q2) it
is very slow and expensive. When we begin with this process, (Q3) we should begin with a
childhood memory or dream. (Q4) Most of the psychological problems are fed from repressed
impulses and conflicts while in childhood.
‫ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤه ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬.‫ُﻳﻌﱠﺮف اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﻬﺬه‬.‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي ﻳﻤﺎرس ﻷﻧﻪ ﺑﻄﻲء وﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬.‫ﺳﻴﻐﻤﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﺮوﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪواﻓﻊ‬.‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﺬﻛﺮى اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ أو اﻟﺤﻠﻢ‬،‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
.‫واﻟﺼﺮاﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺒﻮﺗﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who is the psychologist who created ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺬي اﺑﺘﻜﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬:1‫س‬
psychoanalysis? ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ؟‬
A. Sigmund Freud ‫ ﺳﻴﻐﻤﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﺮوﻳﺪ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What are two characteristics of ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﺴﻤﺘﺎن ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي؟‬:٢‫س‬
traditional psychoanalysis?
C. slow and expensive ‫ ﺑﻄﺊ وﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: What things can psychoanalysis begin ‫ أي ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬:٣‫س‬
with? ‫ﺑﻬﻤﺎ؟‬
D. a childhood memory or dream ‫ ذﻛﺮى اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ أو اﻟﺤﻠﻢ‬.‫د‬

Q4: What are two things from childhood ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻠﺬان ﻳﻐﺬﻳﺎن‬:٤‫س‬
feed psychological problems? ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ؟‬
D. repressed impulses and conflicts ‫ اﻟﺪواﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﺒﻮﺗﺔ واﻟﺼﺮاﻋﺎت‬.‫د‬

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 ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻘﻬﻮة ☕‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The graph below shows coffee consumption throughout the given years. Look at it and‬‬
‫‪answer the questions.‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه اﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻘﻬﻮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪار اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: How many gallons of coffee were‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻛﻢ ﺟﺎﻟﻮًﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻬﻮة ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫?‪consumed in the US in 1945‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻋﺎم ‪1945‬؟‬
‫‪B. around 50 gallons‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 50‬ﺟﺎﻟﻮن‬

‫‪Q2: In which year was the consumption of‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬
‫?‪coffee the lowest‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻬﻮة أﻗﻞ؟‬
‫‪A. 1995‬‬ ‫أ‪1995 .‬‬

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 🤑 ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮﻧﻴﺮات‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The graph below shows the millionaires in different countries and their changes. Look at it
and answer the questions.
.‫ اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬.‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮﻧﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان وﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻬﻢ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How many millionaires were there ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻤﻼﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻓﻲ‬:1‫س‬
after the decrease in Australia? ‫أﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ؟‬
C. 998 thousand ‫ اﻟﻒ‬998 .‫ج‬

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 ‫اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻨﺴﺐ 📈‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The graph below shows a bar chart and 2-line charts with percentages. Look at it and answer‬‬
‫‪the questions.‬‬
‫ﻄﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ وأﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻄﺎ ﺷﺮﻳﻄًﻴﺎ وﻣﺨﻄ ً‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه ﻣﺨﻄ ً‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: In which year was the difference in‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ أﻗﻞ؟‬
‫?‪percentage the least‬‬
‫‪C. 2015‬‬ ‫ج‪2015 .‬‬

‫‪Q2: In which year was the difference in‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎن اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫?‪percentage the most‬‬ ‫أﻛﺒﺮ؟‬
‫‪A. 2016‬‬ ‫أ‪2016 .‬‬

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 📉 ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Over the last century, the population increased by a (Q3) huge rate. But in 2050, it is expected
to reach a (Q2) state of equilibrium with zero growth rate. In other words, (Q1) the population
will stay the same and that is when the demographics of structural change is stabilized.
‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬،2050 ‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ زاد ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ﻫﺎﺋﻞ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
.‫ ﺳﻴﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة أﺧﺮى‬.‫ﺗﻮازن‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How will the population stay the same ‫؟‬2050 ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎم‬:1‫س‬
in 2050?
C. when the demographics of structural ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬.‫ج‬
change is stabilized. .‫اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ‬

Q2: State of equilibrium means _____ ______ ‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮازن ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬:2‫س‬

C. zero growth rate ‫ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺼﻔﺮي‬.‫ج‬

Q3: Meaning of rate? ‫ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل؟‬:3‫س‬

A. amount ‫ اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

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 🪵 ‫ﺧﺸﺐ اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Nanowood is heat-insulating material made from wood. It usually (Q1) replaces Styrofoam
because Styrofoam has (Q2) have chemicals that line the cup and cause cancer. Therefore,
Styrofoam’s chemicals that may lead to cancer. That’s why Nanowood is a better alternative.
2- (Q3) Removing lignin from Nanowood improves the insulation greatly which is used a lot. It
can block impressive amount of heat without being damaged.

‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﺴﺘﺎﻳﺮوﻓﻮم ﻷن اﻟﺴﺘﺎﻳﺮوﻓﻮم‬.‫ ﺧﺸﺐ اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬-1
‫ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﻄﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮب وﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن‬
.‫ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ أن ﺧﺸﺐ اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ‬.‫اﻟﺴﺘﺎﻳﺮوﻓﻮم ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬.‫ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻠﺠﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺸﺐ اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ ﻳﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﻌﺰل ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ واﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻜﺜﺮة‬-2
.‫ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮارة دون أن ﻳﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why do we replace Styrofoam? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻧﺴﺘﺒﺪل اﻟﺴﺘﺎﻳﺮوﻓﻮم؟‬:1‫س‬
B. Because it has chemicals that line the cup ‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﻄﻦ اﻟﻜﺄس‬.‫ب‬
which are cancerous. .‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

Q2: What is one negative effect of ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺘﺎﻳﺮوﻓﻮم؟‬:2‫س‬

Styrofoam?
B. It has chemicals that may lead to cancer. ‫ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬.‫ب‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن‬

Q3: What did the removal of lignin from ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻌﻞ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻠﺠﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮود؟‬:3‫س‬
Nanowood do?
C. It improved the insulation greatly. .‫ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺰل ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬.‫ج‬

Q4: In paragraph (2), the word “impressive” _____ ‫( ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺒﻬﺮ" ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬2) ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:4‫س‬
means _____
A. extraordinary. .‫ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدي‬.‫أ‬

‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬١ ‫ ﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺮة‬:5‫س‬

Q5: The word “alternative” in paragraph 1 is
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ؟‬
closest in meaning to?
‫ ﺧﻴﺎر‬.‫ج‬
C. option

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 💧 ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Purity is a term that refers to cleanliness and being free from dirt. It is a legitimate concern
of countries and environment.
2- Sea water seems pure but it is not as pure as you think. That is why (Q4) filtering is used. It
was an ancient method used in cooking.
3- To have a pure thing, you have to (Q3) use methods of filtering to remove impure
substances.

.‫ إﻧﻪ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪان واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬.‫ اﻟﻨﻘﺎء ﻫﻲ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﺨﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﺳﺎخ‬-1
‫ وﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬.‫ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺔ‬.‫ ﺗﺮى اﻟﻤﺎء ﻳﺒﺪو ﻧﻘًﻴﺎ وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻧﻘًﻴﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬-2
.‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺒﺦ‬
.‫ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﻨﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ اﺗﺒﺎع ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻹزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ‬-3

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does legitimate in passage (1) ‫(؟‬1) ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬:1‫س‬
mean?
C. lawful ‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What does the word “impure” in ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ؟‬:٢‫س‬
passage (3) mean?
B. dirty ‫ ﻣﺘﺴﺨﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: Why would you use the methods of ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮة؟‬:٣‫س‬
filtering?
B. to remove the impure substances ‫ ﻹزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺨﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: What does the author say about ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻗﺎل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮة؟‬:٤‫س‬
filtering?
C. It is an ancient method used in cooking. .‫ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻬﻲ‬.‫ج‬

8
 ‫إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ♻‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪If you don’t have time and want to make a business then you can do reselling. Reselling is‬‬
‫‪very useful (Q1) as a lot of people buy online.‬‬
‫ﺪا ﻷن‬
‫إذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ وﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺠﺎري‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻚ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ .‬إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻣﻔﻴﺪة ﺟ ً‬
‫اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻳﺸﺘﺮون ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What is the author’s main purpose‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻟﻒ؟‬
‫‪A. to explain‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ‪.‬‬

‫?‪Q2: Why do people resell‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺒﻴﻊ؟‬

‫‪C. Because a lot of people buy online.‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻷن اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﺸﺘﺮون ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪9‬‬
 📦 ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺰون وﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Stock control is used to show how much stock you have at any time. There are three
(Q1)stages of production. The first is (Q3) primary which closely relates to the secondary sector.
Then there is the (Q2) Tertiary level which most of the developing countries are in.
‫ اﻷول ﻫﻮ‬.‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺛﻼث ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎج‬.‫ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰون ﻹﻇﻬﺎر ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻤﺨﺰون ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻓﻲ أي وﻗﺖ‬
‫ ﺛﻢ ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬.‫ﻃﺎ وﺛﻴًﻘﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي‬
ً ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ارﺗﺒﺎ‬
.‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the purpose of this passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:1‫س‬
A. to explain the stages of production .‫ ﻟﺸﺮح ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬.‫أ‬

Q2: In which sector are the developing ‫ ﻓﻲ أي ﻗﻄﺎع ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ؟‬:2‫س‬
countries?
B. tertiary ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: Which stage is the secondary sector ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬:3‫س‬
related to? ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي؟‬
A. primary ‫ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬.‫أ‬

10
 ‫اﻟﺒﻬﺎرات 🌶‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪1- A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring or‬‬
‫‪coloring food. Spices are popular across the globe.‬‬
‫‪2- (Q1) In Europe, spices are in high demand. One (Q2) interesting fact is that previously in‬‬
‫‪Europe, they used spices in medicine.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮاﺑﻞ أو ﺗﻠﻮﻳﻦ‬

‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺒﻬﺎرات ﻫﻲ ﺑﺬرة أو ﻓﺎﻛﻬﺔ أو ﺟﺬر أو ﻟﺤﺎء أو أي ﻣﺎدة ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﺳﺎ ً‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‪ .‬اﻟﺒﻬﺎرات ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎك ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻬﺎرات‪ .‬اﺣﺪ اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﺜﻴﺮة ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻫﻲ أﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن اﻟﺒﻬﺎرات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺐ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What is the main idea of paragraph‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة )‪(2‬؟‬
‫?)‪(2‬‬
‫‪C. Spices are in high demand in Europe.‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎك ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻬﺎرات ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q2: What was an interesting fact said by‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻓﻲ‬
‫?)‪the author in paragraph (2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪(2‬؟‬
‫‪B. Spices were used in medicine in Europe.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﻬﺎرات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺐ ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪11‬‬
 ⛽ ‫اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Natural gas is a fossil energy source that formed deep beneath the earth's surface. Usually,
(Q1) sulfur is removed because it is a dangerous element; though scientists think it may not be
as dangerous as people think.
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ ﻷﻧﻪ‬،‫ ﻋﺎدة‬.‫اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﺣﻔﻮرﻳﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﴼ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‬
.‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺧﻄﻴﺮ؛ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪون أﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮرة‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the reason sulfur is removed? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ؟‬:1‫س‬
B. It is dangerous. .‫ إﻧﻪ أﻣﺮ ﺧﻄﻴﺮ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Which word can we use to replace the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬:2‫س‬
word "though"? ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ"؟‬
A. however ‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫أ‬

12
 🥫 ‫ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
In ancient times, people (Q1) couldn’t preserve food since mold was coming from them when
kept for a long time. After some time, (Q2) the French found a solution to this problem, which
is canning. In this process, you need to (Q3) tighten the can so bacteria can’t enter.
‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻗﺎدرﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻷن اﻟﻌﻔﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬
.‫ أﻻ وﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﺐ‬،‫ﻼ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
ً ‫ وﺟﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺣ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮور ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬.‫اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬
.‫ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﺷﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﺒﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What was the problem of preserving ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم؟‬:1‫س‬
food?
B. Mold was coming from it. .‫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﻔﻦ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: How did the French find a solution to ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﻮن إﻟﻰ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ؟‬:2‫س‬
the problem?
B. canning .‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﺐ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: How does canning work? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﺐ؟‬:3‫س‬

B. tighten cans so bacteria can’t enter. .‫ ﺷﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﺐ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬.‫ب‬

13
 ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ 💽‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪1- Shareware and Freeware are both types of (Q1) free computer software. Shareware is often‬‬
‫‪confused with freeware, but they have two distinctly different purposes.‬‬
‫‪2- (Q2) Freeware is copyrighted software that is available at no cost or trial for unlimited‬‬
‫‪usage. While shareware has a limited version of the software for which you pay after a trail.‬‬

‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ واﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻧﻮﻋﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺨﻠﻂ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ واﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻏﺮﺿﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎن ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻄﺒﻊ واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ أو ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺪود‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺻﺪار ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺪﻓﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?)‪Q1: What is the main idea of paragraph (1‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة )‪(1‬؟‬
‫‪C. free Software types‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺮة‪.‬‬

‫‪Q2: What did the author say is the difference‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎذا ﻗﺎل اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ؟‬
‫?‪between the both types‬‬
‫‪A. Shareware has a trial and you pay after it‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ وﺗﺪﻓﻊ‬
‫‪ends and freeware is doesn’t have a trial.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻬﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
 ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ 🪙‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Ali was walking by a stall and saw an inexpensive item and bought it but it turned out to be a‬‬
‫‪jewelry.‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ واﺷﺘﺮاه وﻟﻜﻦ اﺗﻀﺢ أﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﻮﻫﺮات‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺠﻮار ﻛﺸﻚ ورأى ﻋﻨﺼًﺮا رﺧﻴ ً‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What does the underlined word‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ" اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ؟‬
‫?‪“inexpensive” mean‬‬
‫‪C. cheap‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬رﺧﻴﺼﺔ‬

‫‪15‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺪة ﺳﻴﺎرات 🏎‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪My friend bought multiple cars and he drives one each day.‬‬
‫اﺷﺘﺮى ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻲ ﻋﺪة ﺳﻴﺎرات وﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮد ﺳﻴﺎرة واﺣﺪة ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What does the underlined word‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة" اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫?‪“multiple” mean‬‬ ‫ﺧﻂ؟‬
‫‪B. many‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻛﺜﻴﺮ‬

‫‪16‬‬
 📊 ‫ﺳﻜﺎن ﺑﻨﺠﻼدﻳﺶ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Bangladesh’s population has been increasing especially in urban areas where the population
is 60 million. But in (Q1) rural areas it is 102 million. The (Q2) population is recorded by
International Organization for Migration.
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‬60 ‫ﻳﺘﺰاﻳﺪ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن ﺑﻨﺠﻼدﻳﺶ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬
.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺮة‬.‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن‬102 ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the population in rural areas? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﺮﻳﻒ؟‬:1‫س‬
A. 102 million ‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن‬102 .‫أ‬

Q2: Which organization is recording the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن؟‬:2‫س‬

population?
B. International Organization for Migration ‫ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺮة‬.‫ب‬

17
 💳 ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The debt in America has been increasing (Q1) because there is a mismatch between spending
and revenues. The percentage of debts (Q2) increased from 78% to 96% which is the highest
increase.
٪96 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬٪78 ‫ ارﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺪﻳﻮن ﻣﻦ‬.‫ﻳﺘﺰاﻳﺪ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻹﻧﻔﺎق واﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪات‬
.‫وﻫﻲ أﻋﻠﻰ زﻳﺎدة‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The reason behind the increase of debt _____ ‫ ﺳﺒﺐ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺪﻳﻮن ﻓﻲ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬:1‫س‬
is America is _____
C. mismatch between spending and ‫ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻹﻧﻔﺎق واﻹﻳﺮادات‬.‫ج‬
revenues.

Q2: What is the percentage of the highest ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ زﻳﺎدة دﻳﻮن ﻓﻲ‬:2‫س‬
debt increase in America? ‫أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ؟‬
A. 18% ٪18 .‫أ‬

18
 💰 ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- (Q1) A high-income society is a society that has enough money for its necessities such as
water and food. But it also face health problems because of weight gain and not enough
movement.
2- On the other hand, a low income society doesn’t have money, so they face health issues
(Q2) because they have scarce food and no clean water.

.‫ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻐﺬاء‬-1
.‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻮزن وﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ً ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻮاﺟﻬﻮن أﻳ‬
‫ ﻟﺬا ﻓﻬﻢ ﻳﻮاﺟﻬﻮن ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻷن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ‬،‫ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺎل‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‬-2
.‫ﻃﻌﺎًﻣﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﻴﺎه ﻧﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the common thing mentioned ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﻦ؟‬:1‫س‬
for both societies?
B. Both have health issues. ‫ ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What is the cause of health issues in ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬:2‫س‬
low-income societies? ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ؟‬
A. no clean water and scarce food ‫ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻴﺎه ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ وﻧﺪرة اﻟﻐﺬاء‬.‫أ‬

19
 ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ 🔫‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The graph below shows global murder rates. Look at it and answer the questions:‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻪ وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: How many murders per 100,000 people‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ 100‬أﻟﻒ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻲ‬
‫?‪happened in Europe in 2005‬‬ ‫أوروﺑﺎ ﻋﺎم ‪2005‬؟‬
‫‪B. 2.5‬‬ ‫ب‪2.5 .‬‬

‫‪Q2: How many murders per 100,000 people‬‬ ‫س ‪ :2‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ 100‬أﻟﻒ ﺷﺨﺺ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫?‪happened in Asia in 2015‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻓﻲ آﺳﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪2015‬؟‬
‫‪D. 3‬‬ ‫د‪3 .‬‬

‫‪Q3: How many homicides per 100,000‬‬ ‫س ‪ :3‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ 100‬أﻟﻒ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻲ‬
‫?‪people happened in Africa in 2005‬‬ ‫إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻋﺎم ‪2005‬؟‬
‫‪C. 7‬‬ ‫ج‪7 .‬‬

‫‪Q4: What was the homicide rate per‬‬ ‫س ‪ :4‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ 100‬أﻟﻒ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫?‪100,000 people in Europe in 2010‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ ﻋﺎم ‪2010‬؟‬
‫‪B. 2‬‬ ‫ب‪2 .‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ 🍔‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪After carrying out a survey about fast food restaurants, we can clearly notice that (Q1) KFC is‬‬
‫‪the most visited restaurant by adults while Macdonald’s is the most visited by kids.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ إﺟﺮاء اﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎن ﺣﻮل ﻣﻄﺎﻋﻢ اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح أن ﻛﻨﺘﺎﻛﻲ ﻓﺮاﻳﺪ ﺗﺸﻴﻜﻦ ﻫﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻌﻢ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ زﻳﺎرة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺪوﻧﺎﻟﺪز ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻄﻌﻢ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ زﻳﺎرة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What is the most visited restaurant by the‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻄﻌﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺬﻫﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫?‪adults‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ؟‬
‫‪A. K.F.C.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬دﺟﺎج ﻛﻨﺘﺎﻛﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
 ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻮم ﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﻪ 📩‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Tom: Hi, Roger. I hope you are fine. I was thinking if we could meet next weekend. (Q1) Can I‬‬
‫‪come to you? We can (Q3) have dinner Friday night and then go to see a movie. Anyway, don’t‬‬
‫‪forget (Q2) to reply before Thursday.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮم‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺣًﺒﺎ روﺟﺮ‪ .‬اﺗﻤﻨﻰ ان ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺨﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻛﻨﺖ أﻓﻜﺮ إذا ﻛﺎن ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺗﻲ اﻟﻴﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻌﺸﺎء ﻟﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ واﻟﺬﻫﺎب ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪة ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﺣﺎل‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﻨﺲ اﻟﺮد‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﻮم اﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1. What did Tom ask Roger‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﺳﺄل ﺗﻮم روﺟﺮ؟‬
‫?‪A. Can I visit you at the weekend‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻫﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲ زﻳﺎرﺗﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻄﻠﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع؟‬

‫?‪Q2. What did Tom want Roger to do‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎذا أراد ﺗﻮم ﻣﻦ روﺟﺮ أن ﻳﻔﻌﻞ؟‬
‫‪D. to reply‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﺮد‪.‬‬

‫?‪Q3: When is the dinner‬‬ ‫س‪ :3‬ﻣﺘﻰ اﻟﻌﺸﺎء؟‬

‫‪C. Friday night‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻟﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬

‫‪22‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ⏰‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪First, I wake up around 7:30 am. Then, I get ready. Next, I have my breakfast. Finally, I go to‬‬
‫‪my class which (Q1) starts at 9:00am.‬‬
‫أوًﻻ‪ ،‬أﺳﺘﻴﻘﻆ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 7:30‬ﺻﺒﺎ ً‬
‫ﺣﺎ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ أﺳﺘﻌﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ إﻓﻄﺎري‪ .‬أﺧﻴًﺮا أذﻫﺐ إﻟﻰ ﺻﻔﻲ اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﺣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 9:٠0‬ﺻﺒﺎ ً‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What time is the class‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻓﻲ أي وﻗﺖ ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
‫‪A. It's 9 a.m.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬إﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﺻﺒﺎ ً‬

‫‪23‬‬
 ‫ﺻﻮرة ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮﻳﺔ ⚠‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: This sign means not to‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻻ ؟‬
‫‪B. smoke‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺧﻴﻦ‬

‫‪24‬‬
 ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ 🕑‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The (Q1) professor expects that everyone works long hours as he does.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ أن ﻳﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: Who works long hours‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ؟‬
‫‪B. the professor‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ‬

‫‪25‬‬
 🧪 ‫ﻣﻨﺪﻟﻴﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A chemist named Mendeleev was working with another scientist who wrote (Q1) a text book
called “Principles of Chemistry”.
".‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ُﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻣﻨﺪﻳﻠﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ آﺧﺮ أﻟﻒ ﻛﺘﺎًﺑﺎ ﻧﺼًﻴﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان "ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What did the second scientist do? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ؟‬:1‫س‬
A. He wrote a textbook. .‫ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺎًﺑﺎ دراﺳﻴﺎ‬.‫أ‬

26
 📈 ‫اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The impact of (Q1) globalization on limiting poverty rates, has increasingly become the focus
of attention of (Q2) the Global governments and their great powers.
Globalization was invented (Q3) long time ago. It is the process by which people and goods
move easily across borders. (Q4) For example: the Indian plants and food, (Q5) also pepper and
spicy food from North and South America, (Q6) antique, (Q7) herbs and (Q8) artifacts from China
and the Arabian Peninsula are supplied by local companies to foreign industries companies
supply. (Q9) It helps spreading globalization.

‫ﻟﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺰاﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﻂ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬
.‫وﻗﻮاﻫﺎ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ‬
‫ وﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺤﺮك ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص واﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ‬،‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬
‫ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻔﻠﻔﻞ واﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ‬،‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت واﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﻳﺔ‬:‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺤﺪود‬
‫ واﻟﺘﺤﻒ واﻷﻋﺸﺎب واﻟﺘﺤﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ وﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬،‫اﻟﺤﺎرة ﻣﻦ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬
.‫ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ‬.‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮرﻳﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬

27
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What limits poverty rates? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﻔﻘﺮ؟‬:1‫س‬
B. globalization ‫ اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: The great power of the passage refers to? ‫ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ؟‬:2‫س‬
B. global government ‫ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: When did the Globalization start? ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪأت اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ؟‬:3‫س‬

A. long time ago ‫ ﻣﻨﺬ وﻗﺖ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Why was Indian food or "plant" ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﻢ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﻬﻨﺪي أو "اﻟﻨﺒﺎت"؟‬:4‫س‬
mentioned?
D. as an example ‫ ﻛﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫د‬

Q5: Where does pepper /spicy food come ‫ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺤﺎر؟‬/ ‫ ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻔﻠﻔﻞ‬:5‫س‬
from?
A. North and South America ‫ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: What does the word (antique) mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻋﺘﻴﻖ(؟‬:6‫س‬
C. old ‫ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ‬.‫ج‬

Q7: What does ''herbs'' mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﻋﺸﺎب"؟‬:٧‫س‬

D. plants ‫ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬.‫د‬

Q8: The origin of artifacts and antiques: :‫ أﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻻت واﻟﺘﺤﻒ‬:8‫س‬

C. China and the Arabian Peninsula. .‫ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ وﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q9: What do you think “it'' refers to? ‫ ﺑﺮأﻳﻚ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻫﻮ"؟‬:9‫س‬
D. one of the countries mentioned ‫ إﺣﺪى اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة‬.‫د‬

Q10: If the text is completed, what will it talk ‫ إذا اﻛﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺺ ﻓﻤﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺳﻴﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ؟‬:10‫س‬
about?
C. about the importance of globalization today ‫ ﺣﻮل أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ اﻟﻴﻮم‬.‫ج‬

28
 ‫اﻟﺪوﺣﺔ 🏠‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Ahmed lived in Bahrain 2 years ago, then (Q1) he moved to Doha and lived there for 10 years,‬‬
‫‪and now he lives there.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎش أﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺎﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ اﻧﺘﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺪوﺣﺔ وﻋﺎش ﻫﻨﺎك ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 10‬ﺳﻨﻮات‪ ،‬واﻵن ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻫﻨﺎك‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What is the correct sentence‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ؟‬
‫‪A. Ahmed has been living in Doha for 10 years.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻴﺶ أﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪوﺣﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ‪ 10‬ﺳﻨﻮات‪.‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
 🩸 ‫اﻻﻧﻴﻤﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
There was a study made in Britain. It discussed that most of the immigrants from India are
the ones who have anaemia. It also mentioned that the cause of the infection is (Q1) Vitamin
B12 deficiency and eating too many dry fruits.
‫ ﻧﺎﻗﺸﺖ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﺮ‬.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك دراﺳﺔ أﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎن‬
.‫ وﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻔﻔﺔ‬12‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮت أن ﺳﺒﺐ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ب‬.‫اﻟﺪم‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What causes anaemia? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻘﺮ اﻟﺪم؟‬:1‫س‬
A. Vitamin B12 deficiency and eating too ‫ وﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻤﺎر‬12 ‫ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ب‬.‫أ‬
many dry fruits ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻔﻔﺔ‬

30
 ⛽ ‫اﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻐﺎز‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The speaker announced that “The government decided to reduce its production (Q2) to
increase the price of gas”and he added that (Q2) he believed that it was a good sign. On the
other hand, they used less gasoline in 2008 (Q3) because it became very expensive.
.‫وأﻋﻠﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪث أن "اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻗﺮرت ﺧﻔﺾ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﺳﻌﺮ اﻟﻐﺎز" وأﺿﺎف أﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.‫ ﻷﻧﻪ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻜﻠًﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬2008 ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮا ﻛﻤﻴﺎت أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬،‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why did the government reduce ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺧﻔﻀﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج؟‬:1‫س‬
production?
D. Because they wanted to increase the .‫ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ أرادوا زﻳﺎدة ﺳﻌﺮ اﻟﻐﺎز‬.‫د‬
price of gas.

Q2: What was the reaction of the speaker? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ رد ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪث؟‬:2‫س‬

C. He thought it was a good sign. .‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة‬.‫ج‬

Q3: Why did they use less gasoline in 2008? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮا ﻛﻤﻴﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ‬:3‫س‬
‫؟‬2008 ‫ﻋﺎم‬
D. Gasoline became very expensive. .‫ أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻫﻆ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬.‫د‬

31
 🌨 ‫ﺟﻮ اﻳﺴﻠﻨﺪا‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A man wrote an article about the weather in Iceland (Q1) to give information about the
weather for everyone who wanted to go to a particular city. This man always travels in the
summer to places by the sea, (Q2) where he relaxes. But last year he decided to travel to
Iceland.
He knew that it was cold and rainy. But when he arrived there, it got colder and rainier and
(Q3) he didn’t expect that to happen. He said that he couldn’t see the sun, and the (Q4) rain

continued for 7 continuous days. That’s why he couldn’t see (Q5) it.
He went on a tour with a group of people, and a tour guide was with them to teach them (Q8)
how to keep their things dry, not (Q6) dabble. He was (Q7) exhausted but he learned a lot from
the guide. The last 4 days (Q9) the weather changed. It became sunny and he was so happy.

‫ﻛﺘﺐ رﺟﻞ ﻣﻘﺎًﻟﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻓﻲ أﻳﺴﻠﻨﺪا ﻹﻋﻄﺎء ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﺬﻫﺎب إﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺮر اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬.‫ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﻒ إﻟﻰ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺮﺗﺎح‬
ً ‫ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺟﻞ داﺋ‬.‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺴﻔﺮ إﻟﻰ أﻳﺴﻠﻨﺪا‬
‫ أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﺠﻮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮودة وأﻣﻄﺎًرا وﻟﻢ‬،‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻫﻨﺎك‬.‫ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﻠﻢ أن اﻟﺠﻮ ﻛﺎن ﺑﺎرًدا وﻣﻤﻄًﺮا‬
‫ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻟﻢ‬.‫ أﻳﺎم ﻣﺘﻮاﺻﻠﺔ‬7 ‫ ﻗﺎل إﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ واﺳﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﺮ‬.‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺪوث ذﻟﻚ‬
.‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ رؤﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ذﻫﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص وﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﺷﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺣﻲ وﻋّﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻳﺎم اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ‬.‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺮﻫًﻘﺎ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬.‫أﻏﺮاﺿﻬﻢ ﺟﺎﻓﺔ وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺒﻠﻠﺔ‬
.‫ﺪا‬
ً ‫ﺪا ﺟ‬
ً ‫ﺴﺎ وﻛﺎن ﺳﻌﻴ‬
ً ‫ وأﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﺠﻮ ﻣﺸﻤ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻴﺔ‬

32
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why did the writer talk about the weather? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﺤﺪث اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ؟‬:1‫س‬
A. He wanted to give information about the ‫ أراد ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬.‫أ‬
weather for everyone who wanted to go to a .‫اﻟﺬﻫﺎب إﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
particular city.

Q2: What does the man do every summer? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻴﻒ؟‬:2‫س‬
C. relaxing .‫ اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء‬.‫ج‬

Q3: What is correct from the following? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ؟‬:3‫س‬

B. The man was not ready for the weather. .‫ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪا ﻟﻠﻄﻘﺲ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: What did you understand from paragraph ‫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ؟‬2 ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻬﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة رﻗﻢ‬:4‫س‬
number 2 about the weather?
A. It rained for a week. .‫ أﻣﻄﺮت ﻟﻤﺪة أﺳﺒﻮع‬.‫أ‬

Q5: What does “it " refer to? ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺸﻴﺮ "ﻫﻲ"؟‬:5‫س‬
D. the Sun ‫ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬.‫د‬

Q6: What does “dabble “mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺒﻠﻞ"؟‬:6‫س‬

C. wet ‫ اﻟﺮﻃﺐ‬.‫ج‬

Q7: What does “exhausted " mean? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ "اﻹرﻫﺎق"؟‬:7‫س‬

B. tired ‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺐ‬.‫ب‬

Q8: What did the man and the people with him ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ وﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ؟‬:8‫س‬
learn?
D. how to keep their objects dry .‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻏﺮاﺿﻬﻢ ﺟﺎﻓﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q9: Why was he happy in the last days? ‫ﺪا ﻓﻲ اﻷﻳﺎم اﻷﺧﻴﺮة؟‬
ً ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎن ﺳﻌﻴ‬:9‫س‬
A. Because the weather improved. .‫ ﻷن اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﺗﺤﺴﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q10: Choose a title for the passage? ‫ اﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﻨﻮاﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:10‫س‬

C. In difficult times, you learn new things. .‫ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ أﺷﻴﺎء ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻷوﻗﺎت اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ‬.‫ج‬

33
 ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ 📚‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Students have to (Q1) work hard every day to achieve their goals.‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻼب اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺠﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ أﻫﺪاﻓﻬﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: How often do students have to work‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻛﻢ ﻣﺮة ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻼب اﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬
‫‪C. every day‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم‬

‫‪34‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻴﺸﺮت ادﻳﺪاس 👕‬
‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What happened to the T-shirt‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﺣﺪث ﻟﻠﻘﻤﻴﺺ؟‬
‫‪D. It became cheaper.‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬أﺻﺒﺢ أرﺧﺺ‪.‬‬

‫‪35‬‬
 ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة 📝‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The difference between the Historic period and the Prehistoric period is that people (Q1) didn’t‬‬
‫‪know how to read or write in the Prehistoric period.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ وﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻫﻮ أن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮا ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺮاءة أو اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: People in the prehistoric period:‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﻮر ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‪:‬‬
‫‪B. couldn't read.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮن اﻟﻘﺮاءة‪.‬‬

‫‪36‬‬
 🏜 ‫اﻟﻌﺮب واﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The Arabs were originally the former people of the Arabian Desert. While the Portuguese
(Q1)

origins are predominantly from Southern and Western Europe

‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻮد أﺻﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ إﻟﻰ‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻﻞ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻮن‬
.‫ﺟﻨﻮب وﻏﺮب أوروﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who were the former people of the ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ أﻫﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻷواﺋﻞ؟‬:1‫س‬
Arabian Desert?
C. the Arabs ‫ اﻟﻌﺮب‬.‫ج‬

37
 ‫اﻟﻮرق 📃‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Only in my leisure time I like to do origami with paper. Any paper can be used for origami as‬‬
‫‪long as it's thin and flexible.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ أوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﻲ أﺣﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻷورﻳﺠﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻮرق‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أي ورق ﻟﻸورﻳﺠﺎﻣﻲ ﻃﺎﻟﻤﺎ أﻧﻪ رﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫وﻣﺮن‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?”‪Q1: What is meant by “leisure‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ "اﻟﻔﺮاغ"؟‬
‫‪B. free‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫‪38‬‬
 🥇 ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Gold does not rust due to its wonderful qualities. Gold is considered the most (Q1) important
metal in jewellery making.
.‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺬﻫﺐ أﻫﻢ ﻣﻌﺪن ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻮﻫﺮات‬.‫اﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺪأ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻮاص راﺋﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the most important use of gold? ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻫﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺐ؟‬:1‫س‬
D. jewellery ‫ ﻣﺠﻮﻫﺮات‬.‫د‬

39
 ‫اﻟﻬﻮاء واﻟﻤﺎء 🌊‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Air and water are essential for human life.‬‬
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء واﻟﻤﺎء ﺿﺮورﻳﺎن ﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What is meant by Essential‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﻣﻦ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ؟‬
‫‪B. necessary‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﺿﺮوري‬

‫‪40‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم 🍪‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Food enters the mouth, then it passes through the digestive system into (Q1) the stomach.‬‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﻔﻢ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﻤﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻀﻢ وﻳﺬﻫﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1. Where does the food go‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬أﻳﻦ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم؟‬
‫‪A. stomach‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬

‫‪41‬‬
 🦉 ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Jack’s voice began forceful and then lost purpose - as if he thought it is wiser not to express
what was on his mind.
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺪور ﻓﻲ‬- ‫ﺑﺪأ ﺻﻮت ﺟﺎك ﻗﻮﻳﴼ ﺛﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ اﻟﻬﺪف‬
.‫ذﻫﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1. What does the word “forceful” mean ? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻗﻮي"؟‬:1‫س‬
B. powerful ‫ ﻗﻮي‬.‫ب‬

Q2. What does the word “express “mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﻌﺒﺮ"؟‬.2‫س‬
C. explain ‫ ﻳﺸﺮح‬.‫ج‬

42
 💉 ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻟﻘﺎح‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Someone discovered the vaccine, and tried it on his family. The first one was (Q1) his mother,
then his sister and his dad. But his brother refused to take the vaccine.
.‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺷﻘﻴﻘﻪ رﻓﺾ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻠﻘﺎح‬.‫ أوﻟﻬﻢ واﻟﺪﺗﻪ ﺛﻢ أﺧﺘﻪ وواﻟﺪه‬.‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻠﻘﺎح وﺟﺮﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺮﺗﻪ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How many people was the vaccine tried ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻤﺖ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻠﻘﺎح‬:1‫س‬
on? ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ؟‬
C. three ‫ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬.‫ج‬

43
 ‫اﻻﻋﺼﺎر 🌪‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Tropical cyclones are rapidly rotating storms. Their violent winds, torrential rain, high‬‬
‫)‪(Q1‬‬

‫‪waves can affect the equilibrium levels of the weather.‬‬

‫اﻷﻋﺎﺻﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺪارﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻮاﺻﻒ ﺗﺪور ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺮﻳﺎﺣﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻨﻴﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻷﻣﻄﺎر اﻟﻐﺰﻳﺮة‪ ،‬واﻷﻣﻮاج اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ أن‬
‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺗﻮازن اﻟﻄﻘﺲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: “Their" refers to‬‬ ‫س‪" :1‬ﻫﻢ" ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ؟‬
‫‪D. tropical cyclones‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻷﻋﺎﺻﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺪارﻳﺔ‬

‫?”‪Q2: What is meant by “equilibrium‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮازن؟‬

‫‪A. balance‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﺘﻮازن‬

‫‪44‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻐﺮاب‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪A New Zealand scientist has found yet more evidence about crows. That they might be the‬‬
‫‪smartest birds on the planet.‬‬
‫اﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻧﻴﻮزﻳﻠﻨﺪي اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷدﻟﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎن‪ .‬أﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن أذﻛﻰ اﻟﻄﻴﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What does “they” refer to‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻫﻢ"؟‬
‫‪C. crows‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎن‬

‫‪45‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي 🍲‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Traditional food started to gradually disappeared. And to provide what the body needs from‬‬
‫‪nutrients, we must eat real food. Eating traditional food helps to avoid many health issues.‬‬
‫‪Luckily (Q1) traditional food is becoming to be popular again.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻔﻰ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴﴼ‪ .‬وﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻪ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻧﺄﻛﻞ ﻃﻌﺎًﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘًﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺤﻆ‪ ،‬أﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻌﺎ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي ﺷﺎﺋ ً‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: Traditional food:‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻃﻌﺎم ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪي‪:‬‬
‫‪B. is popular again.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻳﺤﻈﻰ ﺑﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬

‫‪46‬‬
 ☕ ‫اﻟﺸﺎي‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Today we are going to learn how to make tea:
First: Heat the water to just about the (Q1) boiling point.
Second: Add your tea bag to your pot or cup.
Third: pour the water directly onto the tea bags.
Fourth: Stir the tea and remove the tea bags.
Your tea is now ready to drink!
:‫ﺳﻨﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﺸﺎي‬
.‫ ﺳﺨﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء ﺣﺘﻰ درﺟﺔ اﻟﻐﻠﻴﺎن‬:‫أوًﻻ‬
.‫ أﺿﻒ ﻛﻴﺲ اﻟﺸﺎي إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﻋﺎء أو اﻟﻜﻮب‬:‫ﺛﺎﻧًﻴﺎ‬
.‫ ﺻﺐ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﻴﺎس اﻟﺸﺎي‬:‫ﺛﺎﻟًﺜﺎ‬
.‫ ﻗﻠﺐ اﻟﺸﺎي واﻧﺰع أﻛﻴﺎس اﻟﺸﺎي‬:‫ﻌﺎ‬ً ‫راﺑ‬
.‫اﻟﺸﺎي اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻚ ﺟﺎﻫﺰ اﻵن ﻟﻠﺸﺮب‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: _____ is mentioned in the first step. .‫ ______ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻷوﻟﻰ‬:1‫س‬
A. Boiling ‫ اﻟﻐﻠﻴﺎن‬.‫أ‬

47
 ‫رﺟﻞ ﻓﻲ أﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ 🍟‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Adam Richman is a man who lives in Australia. His hobby is to find the location of the best‬‬
‫‪dinner across the country, and films it. (Q1) He loves food and enjoys it so much.‬‬
‫آدم رﻳﺘﺸﻤﺎن‪ ،‬رﺟﻞ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ أﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﻮاﻳﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻟﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﺒﻼد‪ ،‬وﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮه‪ .‬ﻳﺤﺐ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم وﻳﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺜﻴﺮا!‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬

‫?‪Q1: What does he like‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺤﺐ؟‬

‫‪C. He likes food.‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻳﺤﺐ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‪.‬‬

‫?‪Q2: What does "location" mean‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ"؟‬

‫‪A. place‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻣﻜﺎن‬

‫‪48‬‬
 📧 ‫اﻻﻳﻤﻴﻞ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Michael was travelling to Riyadh to renew his accommodation and on the same day he
received an email regarding the job he had applied for.
The (Q2) plane flies at 1:00 pm and the interview was at 12:00. Michael decided that he would
(Q4) have the interview in the airport.

He had to go to work first but (Q3) he didn’t want to spend 50 riyals on a taxi. So, he asked his
friend Ahmed (Q5) to drive him to work.

‫ﺪا إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧًﻴﺎ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬

ً ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﻳﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻓًﺮا إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﻳﺎض ﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ إﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ وﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻴﻮم ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺑﺮﻳ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻟﻬﺎ‬
.‫ ﻗﺮر ﻣﺎﻳﻜﻞ أﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺠﺮي اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﺎر‬.12:00 ‫ ﻇﻬﺮا وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬1:00 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻖ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ أﺣﻤﺪ‬.‫ رﻳﺎًﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺎرة أﺟﺮة‬50 ‫ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أن ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ أوًﻻ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ إﻧﻔﺎق‬
.‫أن ﻳﻘﻮده إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

49
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does “accommodation " mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ "اﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ"؟‬:1‫س‬
C. home (stay) (‫ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل )اﻟﺒﻘﺎء‬.‫ج‬

Q2: How did he travel to Riyadh? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﻳﺎض؟‬:2‫س‬

D. by plane ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة‬.‫د‬

Q3: Why did he not want to use a taxi? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻻ ﻳﺮد اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺳﻴﺎرة أﺟﺮة؟‬:3‫س‬
B. So that he did not have to spend 50 riyals. .‫ رﻳﺎًﻻ‬50 ‫ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻀﻄﺮ إﻟﻰ إﻧﻔﺎق‬.‫ب‬

Q4: Where was their interview? ‫ أﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﻢ؟‬:4‫س‬

D. in the airport ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﺎر‬.‫د‬

Q5: What did Michael ask Ahmed to do? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺎﻳﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺣﻤﺪ أن ﻳﻔﻌﻞ؟‬:5‫س‬
A. to take him to work .‫ ﻟﻴﺄﺧﺬه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬.‫أ‬

50
 📉 ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Any investor has to decide his main goal for his investments. A crucial plan must be put and
worked on. Knowing your ability and willingness to take risk along with your time horizon is
the key to determining how much risk you should take-before you invest.
‫ إن‬.‫ ﻳﺠﺐ وﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ أن ﻳﻘﺮر ﻫﺪﻓﻪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎراﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻗﺪرﺗﻚ واﺳﺘﻌﺪادك ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة ﺟﻨًﺒﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻣﻊ أﻓﻘﻚ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة‬
.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the writer doing in the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:1‫س‬
D. giving information ‫ إﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬.‫د‬

Q2: What does the word “crucial” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺣﺎﺳﻢ"؟‬:2‫س‬
C. important ‫ ﻣﻬﻢ‬.‫ج‬

51
 💪 ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Leadership is the ability of an individual or a group of individuals to influence and guide
followers or other members. The most important skill in leadership and administration in
general (Q1) is delegation of employees. Some (Q2) types of leadership are: Aristocratic
leadership where the leader takes full authority and assumes full responsibility and
Democratic leadership where the leader encourages participation in decision-making.
‫ إن أﻫﻢ ﻣﻬﺎرة‬.‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة ﻫﻲ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻔﺮد أو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷﻓﺮاد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ وﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﻴﻦ أو اﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة اﻷرﺳﺘﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬:‫ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻫﻲ‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة واﻹدارة ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺾ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة اﻟﺪﻳﻤﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ‬.‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
.‫ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﻘﺮار‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the most important skill in ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻫﻢ ﻣﻬﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة واﻹدارة؟‬:1‫س‬
leadership and administration?
B. delegation of employees ‫ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺾ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:2‫س‬
C. types of leadership ‫ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬.‫ج‬

52
 ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ واﻟﻤﺎل 💵‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Khalid travelled to Russia to study. He lives in a student dorm where college or university‬‬
‫‪students live. He (Q1) lacks money so he works as a part-time employee in KFC.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ روﺳﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻜﻦ اﻟﻄﻼب ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻃﻼب اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ إﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎل ﻟﺬا ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﻮﻇﻒ ﺑﺪوام ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺎﻛﻲ ﻓﺮاﻳﺪ ﺗﺸﻴﻜﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: Khalid is not happy because he lacks:‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺳﻌﻴﺪا ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻘﺼﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪D. money‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﻤﺎل‪.‬‬

‫‪53‬‬
 🐮 ‫ذﺑﺢ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Killing farm animals for supplying us with meat is a (Q4) normal action but applied in different
ways which sometimes (Q4) can be harmful. Killing by (Q1) free bullet is commonly used in
America and this can (Q2) cause disruption in the ecological balance. Meanwhile, some
cultures in Africa and Asia (Q3) slaughter animals while conscious like Saudi Arabia.
‫إن ﻗﺘﻞ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺰرﻋﺔ ﻟﺘﺰوﻳﺪﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﻮم ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﻄﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫ ﻳﺸﻴﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺻﺎص اﻟﺤﺮ ﻓﻲ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﺿﺎرة ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻲ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ وآﺳﻴﺎ ﺑﺬﺑﺢ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬،‫ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬.‫ﺣﺪوث ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮازن اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬
.‫وﻫﻲ واﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does American use to kill animals? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن ﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت؟‬:1‫س‬
B. bullet .‫ رﺻﺎص‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Killing animals using bullets can cause? ‫ ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺻﺎص ﻳﺴﺒﺐ؟‬:2‫س‬
D. disruption in the ecological balance. .‫ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮازن اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬.‫د‬

Q3: What does Saudi Arabia do? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ؟‬:3‫س‬

B. slaughters animals ‫ ذﺑﺢ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬.‫ب‬

Q4: What is the general idea of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:4‫س‬
A. Killing animals for meat is normal actions ‫ ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻠﺤﻮم ﻫﻮ أﻓﻌﺎل‬.‫أ‬
that can turn into dangerous results. .‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺤﻮل إﻟﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺧﻄﻴﺮة‬

54
 ‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ 🌻‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Memory is the power to gather roses in winter.‬‬
‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﺎت ﻫﻲ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪك ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط اﻟﻮرود ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء‪) .‬ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ان ﺗﺠﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻮرد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﻲء ﺟﻤﻴﻞ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺻﻌﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬا ﺗﺬﻛﺮ اﻷوﻗﺎت اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ(‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What do you understand from this‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﻴﺎن؟‬
‫?‪statement‬‬
‫‪C. Good memories help in solving problems.‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬اﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺠﻴﺪة ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪55‬‬
 🌋 ٧٩ ‫ﻛﺎرﺛﺔ ﻋﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
In year 79, a huge eruption from Mount Vesuvius volcano showered over the city of Pompeii
in Europe. It was very strong (Q3) because it continued for years without stopping. We feel
very regretful for the losses whenever we hold a retrospect of the event. Mostly the younger
generation transferred all (Q2) the details about this remorseful event.
‫ﺪا‬
ً ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﺟ‬.‫ ﺣﺪث ﺛﻮران ﺑﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﺿﺨﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻛﺎن ﺟﺒﻞ ﻓﻴﺰوف ﻓﻮق ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻮﻣﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ‬،79 ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
‫ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ ﻧﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻒ اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﺨﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﺬﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻢ‬.‫ﻷﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﺴﻨﻮات دون ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬
. ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺟﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺣﻮل ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﻤﺆﺳﻒ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What do we understand from the pronoun ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻧﺤﻦ"؟‬:1‫س‬
"We”?
A. the speaker and all those who share the same ‫ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪث وﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺸﺎرﻛﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬.‫أ‬
feeling

Q2: What do we understand from the word ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﺸﺒﺎب"؟‬:2‫س‬
"younger”?
B. people who gave information about the ‫ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪﻣﻮا ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ‬.‫ب‬
eruption ‫اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬

Q3: Why was the eruption strong in year 79? ‫؟‬79 ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺜﻮران ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬:3‫س‬
D. Because it continued for a long period. .‫ ﻷﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q4: What does “retrospect” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ "اﻟﻌﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ"؟‬:4‫س‬

C. looking back and remembering ‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮراء واﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬.‫ج‬

56
 🧯 ‫رﺟﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻓﺊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
(Q1)Mike is a firefighter. One day, there was a huge fire in the forest. Mike went there and
found that the greedy (Q3) fire was like flaming monsters eating trees. He heard a person
calling for help from the forest so he wanted to save him but when he arrived (Q4) his arm was
hurt by fire so he could NOT save him. But (Q5) a man came and helped Mike to carry the man.
Mike was amazed by his courage. As the (Q8) fire continued to expand, (Q6) the firefighter
decided to extinguish it by firebreak. After (Q7) successfully extinguishing it, Mike was happy.
However, he was tired (Q9) because he worked hard and did a lot of things. People discovered
that Mike (Q10) cared about others a lot.
‫ ذﻫﺐ ﻣﺎﻳﻚ إﻟﻰ ﻫﻨﺎك ووﺟﺪ أن اﻟﻨﺎر اﻟﺠﺸﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬.‫ اﻧﺪﻟﻊ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ‬،‫ ذات ﻳﻮم‬.‫ﻣﺎﻳﻚ رﺟﻞ اﻃﻔﺎء‬
‫ﺼﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ أراد إﻧﻘﺎذه وﻟﻜﻦ‬
ً ‫ ﺳﻤﻊ ﺷﺨ‬.‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﻮش اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻌﻠﺔ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر‬
.‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺟﺎء رﺟﻞ وﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬.‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻞ أﺻﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻨﻴﺮان ذراﻋﻪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ إﻧﻘﺎذه‬
‫ ﺑﻌﺪ‬.‫ ﻗﺮر رﺟﻞ اﻹﻃﻔﺎء إﺧﻤﺎده ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬،‫ ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬.‫اﻧﺪﻫﺶ ﻣﺎﻳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬
‫ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ‬.‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺘﻌًﺒﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺠﺪ وﻗﺎم ﺑﺄﺷﻴﺎء ﻛﺜﻴﺮة‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﺪا‬ ً ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﻳﻚ ﺳﻌﻴ‬،‫إﻃﻔﺎءه ﺑﻨﺠﺎح‬
. ‫اﻟﻨﺎس أن ﻣﺎﻳﻚ ﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺜﻴًﺮا‬

57
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is Mike’s job? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﻚ؟‬:1‫س‬
A. firefighter .‫ رﺟﻞ اﻃﻔﺎء‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What does the underlined word “greedy” ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺟﺸﻊ" اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ؟‬:2‫س‬
mean?
B. wants more .‫ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: The underlined expression “flaming ‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ "اﻟﻮﺣﻮش‬:3‫س‬
monsters” refers to _____ _____ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻌﻠﺔ" إﻟﻰ‬
A. the fire. .‫ اﻟﻨﺎر‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Why could he NOT save the one who was ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ إﻧﻘﺎذ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة؟‬:4‫س‬
calling for help?
A. Because his arm was hurt. .‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ إﺻﺎﺑﺔ ذراﻋﻪ‬.‫أ‬

Q5: What does the underlined pronoun “his” ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ "ﻟﻪ"؟‬:5‫س‬
refers to?
B. a man ‫ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬.‫ب‬

Q6: What did they do to extinguish the fire? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻌﻠﻮا ﻹﻃﻔﺎء اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ؟‬:6‫س‬
A. made a firebreak .‫ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬.‫أ‬

Q7: Why was Mike happy? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﻳﻚ ﺳﻌﻴﺪا؟‬:7‫س‬

B. He succeeded in extinguishing the fire. .‫ ﻧﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ إﻃﻔﺎء اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬.‫ب‬

Q8: What does the underlined pronoun “it” ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ "ﻫﻮ"؟‬:8‫س‬
refer to?
D. fire ‫ اﻟﻨﺎر‬.‫د‬

Q9: Why was Mike tired/exhausted? ‫ ﻣﺮﻫًﻘﺎ؟‬/ ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﻌًﺒﺎ‬:9‫س‬
A. Because he did a lot of things to fight the .‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻟﻤﺤﺎرﺑﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬.‫أ‬
fire.

Q10: What did the people discover about ‫ ﻣﺎذا اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻚ؟‬:10‫س‬
Mike?
B. He cared about others. .‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ب‬

58
 ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎت 🗣‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Arabic language is a very old language, but as many languages it has (Q1) different dialects.‬‬
‫‪The most (Q2) understandable dialect is Egyptian since it has many speakers and a lot of‬‬
‫‪original words. Although, all accents have mutual intelligibility, (Q4) the best speakers use the‬‬
‫‪Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and it is the (Q5) most accurate one. In general, (Q6) schools‬‬
‫‪teach MSA dialect, and this is applied in all Arab countries. (Q7) Like North German and West‬‬
‫‪Slavic, Saudi and Egyptian dialects are different.‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺪا‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت ﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻬﺠﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻬ ً‬
‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺟ ً‬
‫ﻫﻲ اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺛﻴﻦ واﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ أن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎت ﻟﻬﺎ وﺿﻮح ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬إﻻ أن أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺛﻴﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ )‪ (MSA‬وﻫﻲ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ دﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻮم اﻟﻤﺪارس ﺑﺘﺪرﻳﺲ اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎت اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎت ﻓﻲ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ و‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪59‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the passage talking about? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة؟‬:1‫س‬
C. The difference between dialects/accents ‫ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎت‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What is the most understandable Arabic ‫ﻤﺎ؟‬

ً ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻬ‬:2‫س‬
dialect?
A. Egyptian ‫ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What is the nearest meaning of “mutual ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟـ "اﻟﻮﺿﻮح اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدل"؟‬:3‫س‬
intelligibility”?
B. Similarity ‫ اﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: Who are the best speakers of the ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﺛﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ؟‬:4‫س‬
language?
A. the ones who use and learn the Modern ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم وﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‬.‫أ‬
Standard Arabic ‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬

Q5: Who speaks the most accurate Arabic? ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ أدق ﻟﻬﺠﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ؟‬:5‫س‬
C. the one who speaks the Modern Standard ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬.‫ج‬
Arabic

Q6: What does the pronoun “this” refer to? ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﺬا"؟‬:6‫س‬
B. teaching MSA in school .‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬MSA ‫ ﺗﺪرﻳﺲ‬.‫ب‬

Q7: Why did the writer mention four cities ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ارﺑﻊ ﻣﺪن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:7‫س‬
in the last paragraph? ‫اﻷﺧﻴﺮة؟‬
D. Because of the similarity in dialect .‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎت‬.‫د‬
differences.

60
 ✈ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺮ واﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Travelling and spending money is a very common type of fun that all cultures have. People
who travel the most are usually (Q1) Europeans and some Asian countrymen. As travelling
grows, the spending grows as well. It was reported that (Q2) in 2005, people spent over 3.4
trillion on just travelling. Furthermore, (Q4) Americans are the people who spend the most on
travelling and (Q3) insist to travel at least once a year. When (Q5) Americans travel locally, they
most likely go to Mexico. After the Americans come the (Q6) Germans most of whom travel to
Europe. In the (Q7) third position comes Spain as people who frequently travel.
‫ﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮح اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت واﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮون‬ ً ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺮ وإﻧﻔﺎق اﻷﻣﻮال ﻫﻮ ﻧﻮع ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﺟ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻨﻤﻮ اﻹﻧﻔﺎق أﻳ‬،‫ ﻣﻊ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬.‫ﻛﺜﻴًﺮا ﻫﻢ ﻋﺎدًة ﻣﻦ اﻷوروﺑﻴﻴﻦ وﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻮاﻃﻨﻴﻦ اﻵﺳﻴﻮﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻓﺈن اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻴﻦ ﻫﻢ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬،‫ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻴﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ‬3.4 ‫ أﻧﻔﻖ اﻟﻨﺎس أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬،2005
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن‬.‫ﻳﻨﻔﻘﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ وﻳﺼﺮون ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻴﻦ اﻷﻟﻤﺎن اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ‬.‫ ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻮا إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺴﻴﻚ‬،‫ﻣﺤﻠًﻴﺎ‬
.‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ إﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮون ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻜﺮر‬.‫أوروﺑﺎ‬

61
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who are the people who travel a lot? ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮون ﻛﺜﻴﺮﴽ؟‬:1‫س‬
B. Europeans and some Asians ‫ اﻷوروﺑﻴﻮن وﺑﻌﺾ اﻵﺳﻴﻮﻳﻴﻦ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: How much was spent on travel in 2005? ‫؟‬2005 ‫ ﻛﻢ أﻧﻔﻘﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻋﺎم‬:2‫س‬
B. 3.4 trillion ‫ ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻴﻮن‬٣٫٤ .‫ب‬

Q3: Who usually insists on travelling? ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺼﺮ ﻋﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ؟‬:3‫س‬

C. Americans ‫ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن‬.‫ج‬

Q4: The people who spend the most on travel ‫ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﻔﻘﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬:4‫س‬
are ______ ______ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
A. the Americans. .‫ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن‬.‫أ‬

Q5: Americans travel to _____ _____ ‫ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن إﻟﻰ‬:5‫س‬

A. Mexico. .‫ اﻟﻤﻜﺴﻴﻚ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: The majority of Germans travel to _____ _____ ‫ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻷﻟﻤﺎن إﻟﻰ‬:6‫س‬
A. Europe. .‫ أوروﺑﺎ‬.‫أ‬
Q7: Who is in the third position of frequent ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬:7‫س‬
travelling?
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮر؟‬
C. Spain.
.‫ اﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬.‫ج‬

62
 ⚕ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
This graph shows the percentages of health increase in cities over the years. (Q1) The blue
color demonstrates the health increase while the green shows the number of prescriptions.
‫ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرق‬.‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ اﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ‬
.‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻮﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: When was lowest percentage of health ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أدﻧﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ زﻳﺎدة ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن؟‬:1‫س‬
increase in cities?
C. 2013 2013 .‫ج‬

63
 🏝 ‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮاء‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
(Q1) Petra is a historic city in southern Jordan. It was the (Q2) capital of the Nabataean Kingdom.
.‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻄﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮاء ﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻷردن‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Where is Petra located? ‫ أﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺘﺮاء؟‬:1‫س‬
B. Southern Jordan. .‫ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻷردن‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Petra was the capital of _____ _____ ‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺒﺘﺮاء ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬:٢‫س‬
C. Nabataean Kingdom. .‫ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻄﻴﺔ‬.‫ج‬

64
 ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﻋﻦ ﻫﻴﺮﻛﺎﻧﺰ 📘‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Hercans' history and trade‬‬
‫‪Unit 1‬‬ ‫‪Family‬‬
‫‪Unit 2‬‬ ‫‪Dealing with people‬‬
‫‪Unit 3‬‬ ‫‪Customs and traditions‬‬
‫‪Unit 4‬‬ ‫‪Economy and Business‬‬
‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﺗﺠﺎرة ﻫﻴﺮﻛﺎﻧﺰ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪ ١‬ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪ 2‬اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪ 3‬اﻟﻌﺎدات واﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪ 4‬اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد واﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: Which unit talks about money‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬أي وﺣﺪة ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺎل؟‬
‫‪B. economy‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬

‫?‪Q2: Which unit talks about stocks‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬أي وﺣﺪة ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﻬﻢ؟‬
‫‪B. economy‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬

‫‪Q3: Which unit talks of respect for‬‬ ‫س‪ :3‬أي وﺣﺪة ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﺣﺘﺮام اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫?‪parents in Hercans' culture‬‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺮﻛﺎﻧﺰ؟‬
‫‪A. family‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬

‫?‪Q4: Which unit talks about their story‬‬ ‫س‪ :4‬أي وﺣﺪة ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺘﻬﻢ؟‬
‫‪A. unit 1‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷوﻟﻰ‬

‫?‪Q5: Where do we find family closeness‬‬ ‫س‪ :5‬أﻳﻦ ﻧﺠﺪ اﻟﻘﺮب اﻷﺳﺮي؟‬
‫‪A. unit 1‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷوﻟﻰ‬

‫‪Q6: Where do we find details about‬‬ ‫س‪ :6‬أﻳﻦ ﻧﺠﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد واﻟﺘﺠﺎرة؟‬
‫?‪Economy and trade‬‬
‫‪D. unit 4‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬

‫‪65‬‬
 ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﻋﻦ اﻻﺳﻼم 🕋‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The Islamic History‬‬
‫‪Unit 1‬‬ ‫‪Introduction‬‬
‫‪Unit 2‬‬ ‫‪The Prophet‬‬
‫‪(Q1) Unit 3‬‬ ‫‪Religion‬‬
‫‪(Q2) Unit 4‬‬ ‫‪Ages‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪1‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﷺ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪2‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪3‬‬
‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪4‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: Which unit shows details about prayers‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬أي وﺣﺪة ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺼﻼة؟‬
‫‪C. unit 3‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬

‫‪Q2: Which unit talks about the development‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬أي وﺣﺪة ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪول؟‬
‫?‪of countries‬‬
‫‪D. unit 4‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬

‫‪66‬‬
 🧱 ‫ﺟﺪار ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The Berlin Wall was a barrier that divided Germany from 1961 to 1989. (Q1) It separated the
eastern half from the western half, (Q2) however, all the German people recognized it 11
months later after it was built. (Q10) It was built because West Germany was richer than East
Germany. Many people thought it was a symbol of the Cold War. Life was very hard back
then; (Q3) all doors and streets closed really early and nobody was allowed to be seen outside.
They wanted to sperate both sides so they took (Q9) actions like that they closed most of the
streets on the border.
‫ وﻳﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ‬،1989 ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎم‬1961 ‫ ﻛﺎن ﺟﺪار ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﺟًﺰا ﻳﻔﺼﻞ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎم‬-1
‫ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎؤه ﻷن‬.‫ ﺷﻬﺮا ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ‬11 ‫اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ وﺑﺮﻏﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ اﻻﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎم اﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮور‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬.‫ اﻋﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس أﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن رﻣًﺰا ﻟﻠﺤﺮب اﻟﺒﺎردة‬.‫أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﻏﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺪا وﻟﻢ ُﻳﺴﻤﺢ‬ ً ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ أﻏﻠﻘﺖ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺑﻮاب واﻟﺸﻮارع ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ ﺟ‬،‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ أرادوا إﻓﺴﺎد ﻛﻼ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ اﺗﺨﺬوا إﺟﺮاءات ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺒﻴﻞ وأﻏﻠﻘﻮا ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬.‫ﺑﺮؤﻳﺔ أﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬
.‫اﻟﺸﻮارع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود‬

2- (Q4) The Berlin Wall was about 115 kilometers long East and 112 kilometers long West. It
was built to prevent people from escaping from the eastern half of Berlin. During the years of
the Wall, (Q8) around 5,000 people successfully ran across to West Berlin. Then it was known
that only (Q5) 5000 people could pass the wall.
‫ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎؤه ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﺮوب‬.‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﴽ ﻏﺮﺑﴼ‬112 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﴽ ﺷﺮﻗﴼ و‬115 ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻃﻮل ﺟﺪار ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬-2
.‫ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﺮب إﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬5000 ‫ ﻧﺠﺢ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺧﻼل ﺳﻨﻮات اﻟﺠﺪار‬.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ‬
.‫ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﻮر اﻟﺠﺪار‬5000 ‫ﺛﻢ ُﻋِﺮف أن‬

3- (Q6) The Berlin Wall was taken down quickly on November 9, 1989. The Berlin Wall fell 31
years ago. People who were there in 1989 remember the historic 'Fall of the wall' today.
‫ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا‬.‫ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ‬31 ‫ وﺳﻘﻂ ﺟﺪار ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬.1989 ‫ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ‬9 ‫ ﺗﻢ ﻫﺪم ﺟﺪار ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ‬-٣
.‫ ﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮون اﻟﻴﻮم "ﺳﻘﻮط اﻟﺠﺪار" اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬1989 ‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬

67
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why did they build the wall? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺑﻨﻮا اﻟﺴﻮر؟‬:1‫س‬
B. to separate East Germany from West .‫ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬
Germany

Q2: When did the German people know about ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎل؟‬:2‫س‬
the separation?
A. 11 months later. ‫ ﺷﻬًﺮا‬11 ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ‬.‫أ‬

Q3.What was mentioned in the first paragraph? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ورد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ؟‬.3‫س‬
A. Doors and streets closed early. .‫ اﻏﻠﻘﺖ اﻻﺑﻮاب واﻟﺸﻮارع ﻣﺒﻜﺮا‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What is the main idea of the second ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬:4‫س‬
paragraph?
C. the wall’s length. .‫ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺠﺪار‬.‫ج‬

Q5: How many people could pass the wall? ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﻮا‬:5‫س‬
‫اﺟﺘﻴﺎز اﻟﺴﻮر؟‬
C. 5000 five thousand people ‫ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ آﻻف ﺷﺨﺺ‬5000 .‫ج‬

Q6: What is the last paragraph talking about? ‫ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷﺧﻴﺮ؟‬:6‫س‬
D. The fall was quick. .‫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﻘﻮط ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬.‫د‬

Q7: What is the best title of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:7‫س‬
B. the history of Berlin Wall ‫ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺟﺪار ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ‬.‫ب‬

Q8: What is mentioned in the second paragraph? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮر ﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬:٨‫س‬

C. 5000 people ran across the wall. ‫ ﺷﺨﺺ اﻟﺴﻮر‬٥٠٠٠ ‫ اﺟﺘﻴﺎز‬.‫ج‬

Q9: What does paragraph 1 say about the ‫ ﻋﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺬة؟‬1 ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:9‫س‬
actions taken?
B. They closed most of the streets on the border. .‫ أﻏﻠﻘﻮا ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺸﻮارع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود‬.‫ب‬

Q10: Which of the following statements does ‫؟‬1 ‫ أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻪ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:10‫س‬
paragraph 1 support?
A. West Germany was richer than East Germany. .‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ أﻏﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

68
 🗓 ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Today we are going to discuss some important points on (Q1) planning and organising
meetings. Only (Q2) through the process of identifying important people you can hold your
meeting effectively. Schedule your meetings and (Q3) invite more necessary people. And don’t
forget to take remarks during the meetings.
‫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺳﻨﻨﺎﻗﺶ اﻟﻴﻮم ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻼﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت وﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺠﺪوﻟﺔ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺗﻚ ودﻋﻮة اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬.‫اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻤﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻋﻘﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻚ ﺑﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
.‫ وﻻ ﺗﻨﺴﻮا أﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﺧﻼل اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1. What is the main idea? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ؟‬.1‫س‬
B. Meeting should be planned and ‫ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻳﺠﺐ ان ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬.‫ب‬
organised.

Q2. How to give up your meeting effectively? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻌﺎل؟‬.2‫س‬
C. through the process of identifying .‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻤﻬﻤﻴﻦ‬.‫ج‬
important people.

Q3. Who should you invite for a meeting? ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ دﻋﻮﺗﻪ ﻟﻼﺟﺘﻤﺎع؟‬.3‫س‬
A. More people and people who are .‫ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس واﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﻴﻦ‬.‫أ‬
necessary.

Q4. What does the word “remark” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ؟‬.4‫س‬
B. comment ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬.‫ب‬

69
 🏝 ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
We went on a trip to Hawaii. We stayed there in a great resort. We enjoyed our all-inclusive
stay (Q1) with all food, lodging and activities. Only (Q2) the rental equipment was expensive and
cost us extra.
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﺈﻗﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬.‫ ﺑﻘﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻊ راﺋﻊ‬.‫ذﻫﺒﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ رﺣﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻫﺎواي‬
.‫ ﻓﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮة ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻫﻈﺔ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ وﺗﻜﻠﻔﻨﺎ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم واﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does "all inclusive" resort mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻊ "اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ"؟‬:1‫س‬
D. It covers food, lodging and activities. .‫ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم واﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ واﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q2: Which of the following might cost ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻠﻒ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ؟‬:2‫س‬
extra?
A. rental equipment ‫ ﺗﺄﺟﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬.‫أ‬

70
 🍏 ‫اﻻﻛﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
We can see (Q1) the changing global diets. For example, in Japan, they depend on eating large
quantities of seafood and (Q2) western food which leads to healthy diseases. Unlike Japan,
people in the Czech Republic eat much healthier foods. Because of the high prices of (Q4)
meat and dairy products, so instead of these are replaced with more nutritious food like
vegetables, which are considered more valuable and healthier. Diseases in the Czech
Republic have become less, and (Q5) their lives have become healthier.
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪون ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﺎول‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺮى اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة‬
،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن‬.‫ﻛﻤﻴﺎت ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺄﻛﻮﻻت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ واﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ أﻣﺮاض ﺻﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ارﺗﻔﺎع أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻠﺤﻮم وﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬.‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻚ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺮاﺟﻌﺖ‬،‫ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ وﺻﺤﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺒﺪاﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﻣﻐﺬﻳﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺨﻀﺎر‬،‫اﻷﻟﺒﺎن‬
.‫ وأﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﺤﺔ‬،‫اﻷﻣﺮاض ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻚ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the best title for the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:1‫س‬
B. The Changing Global Diets. .‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Western food leads to _____ _____ ‫ ﻳﺆدي اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ إﻟﻲ‬:2‫س‬
A. endangering health in Japan. .‫ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What does the word “nutritious" mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﻐﺬي"؟‬:3‫س‬
D. valuable and healthy food ‫ ﻏﺬاء ﻗﻴﻢ وﺻﺤﻲ‬.‫د‬

Q4: What does the pronoun “these" refer to? ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﺆﻻء"؟‬:4‫س‬
C. meat and dairy products ‫ اﻟﻠﺤﻮم وﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻷﻟﺒﺎن‬.‫ج‬

Q5: In the Czech Republic: :‫ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻚ‬:5‫س‬

A. Most people live healthy lives. .‫ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺣﻴﺎة ﺻﺤﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

71
 ⛩ ‫ﺟﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- It was (Q1) King Saud’s idea to build a bridge linking Bahrain to Saudi Arabia in 1954 and (Q8)
Essa Ibn Salman Khalifa was the one who named it.
‫ وﻛﺎن ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺎن‬1954 ‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺳﻌﻮد ﺑﻨﺎء ﺟﺴﺮ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﻋﺎم‬-1
.‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬

2- (Q2) In 1965, it was official when Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa and King Faisal decided
to have the causeway constructed.
.‫ ﻗﺮر اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺎن آل ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ واﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﺮ رﺳﻤًﻴﺎ‬،1965 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-2

3- In 1968, (Q3) both countries formed a joint committee. It was responsible for the financial
undertaking required for the task.
.‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬.‫ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬1968 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-3

4- The World Bank provides (Q4) the environmental and geographical aspects of the Saudi-
Bahrain region.
.‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺪم اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬-4

5- The Bahrain side of the (Q9) bridge measured 4,296 m long.

.‫ م‬4296 ‫ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﻄﻮل‬-5

6- 1981, there was an agreement to start (Q5) construction on the maritime causeway.
.‫ ﺗﻢ اﻻﺗﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺪء أﻋﻤﺎل إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي‬1981 ‫ ﻓﻲ‬-6

7- In 2010, it is estimated that the number of (Q6) facilities using the causeway was about
25,104 daily while number of passengers (Q10) was 19.1 million.
‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺂت ﻳﻮﻣﻴﴼ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺮﻛﺎب‬25104 ‫ ﻗﺪر ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ‬2010 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-7
.‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬19.1

72
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who first proposed building King Fahd ‫ ﻣﻦ أول ﻣﻦ اﻗﺘﺮح ﺑﻨﺎء ﺟﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ؟‬:1‫س‬
bridge?
A. King Saud ‫ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺳﻌﻮد‬.‫أ‬

Q2: When was the construction officially ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ اﻻﺗﻔﺎق رﺳﻤﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء؟‬:2‫س‬
agreed upon?
B. 1965 1965 .‫ب‬

Q3: The word it refers to _____ _____ ‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻲ‬:3‫س‬

B. joint committee. .‫ اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: What does the World Bank provide? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﺪم اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ؟‬.4‫س‬
B. geographical and environmental factors ‫ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ واﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q5: What does paragraph 6 talk about? ‫؟‬6 ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:5‫س‬
B. describes the construction, facts about the ‫ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬،‫ وﺻﻒ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬.‫ب‬
causeway.

Q6: What does paragraph 7 talk about? ‫؟‬7 ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:6‫س‬
C. facilities. ‫ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻼت‬.‫ج‬

Q7: What is not found in the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:7‫س‬

D. shopping malls. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺴﻮق‬.‫د‬

Q8: Who gave the bridge its name? ‫ ﻣﻦ أﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﺳﻤﻪ؟‬:8‫س‬
C. Essa Ibn Salman Khalifa ‫ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺎن ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q9: How long is the Bahraini side of the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ؟‬:9‫س‬
bridge?
B. 4,296 m ‫ م‬4،296 .‫ب‬

Q10: The number of passengers in 2010: :2010 ‫ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺮﻛﺎب ﻓﻲ‬:10‫س‬

A. 19 million. .‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن‬19 .‫أ‬

Q11: What is the best title of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:11‫س‬
C. A Bridge between two Nations ‫ ﺟﺴﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ دوﻟﺘﻴﻦ‬.‫ج‬

‫ ﻓﻤﺎذا ﺳﺘﻜﻮن؟‬،‫ إذا اﺳﺘﻤﺮت اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:12‫س‬

Q12: If the paragraph continued, what would
it be about?
.‫ ﻃﺮق ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﺒﻨﺎء دول أﺧﺮى‬.‫د‬
D. new causeways to construct to other
countries

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 📓 ‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
I was searching for a book. And one of the most (Q1) important information I needed was the
date of book publication and publisher.
.‫ وﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ أﺣﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب واﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ‬.‫ﻛﻨﺖ أﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the information required about ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب؟‬:1‫س‬
the book?
C. the date of publication and publisher .‫ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻨﺸﺮ واﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ‬.‫ج‬

74
 🌾 ‫اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
In 1900, 40% of workers were farmers. They would have to do the fieldwork by hand or
(Q2)
with horse-drawn equipment. (Q1) Farmers’ families would help feed themselves by also
working in the field of agriculture. Nowadays, farmers use technology to make advances in
producing more food for a growing world.
‫ ﺳﻴﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ أو ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.1900 ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻣﺰارﻋﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬٪40
.‫ﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‬
ً ‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ أﺳﺮ اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ إﻃﻌﺎم أﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﻤﻞ أﻳ‬.‫ﻣﻌﺪات ﺗﺠﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺨﻴﻮل‬
.ٍ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻹﺣﺮاز ﺗﻘﺪم ﻓﻲ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺬاء ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺘﻨﺎم‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does the pronoun “themselves” ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "أﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ"؟‬:1‫س‬
refer to?
B. farmers’ families .‫ اﺳﺮ اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻮن‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What is the wrong sentence according to ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة؟‬:2‫س‬
the paragraph?
C. Half of the farmers in 1900 were engaged in ‫ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ‬1900 ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ج‬
agriculture. .‫اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‬

75
 📨 ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ رﺿﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Yesterday, (Q1) Mohamed, the manager of the repair store received a (Q2) Thank you message
form a customer. The customer came a week ago to fix his device as (Q4) he found an
application that he didn’t download. Mohamed was the head of the team who worked on
helping the customer. First, (Q8) they took the phone then (Q6) they downloaded an antivirus
on his mobile phone. The customer was happy and thanked them and (Q7) he said he will
recommend their service to others.
‫ ﺟﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ أﺳﺒﻮع ﻹﺻﻼح ﺟﻬﺎزه‬.‫ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻠﻴﺢ أﻣﺲ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء‬
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ أﺧﺬوا‬.‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﺎن رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺬي ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ‬.‫ﺣﻴﺚ وﺟﺪ ﺗﻄﺒﻴًﻘﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺪا وﺷﻜﺮﻫﻢ وﻗﺎل إﻧﻪ‬ ً ‫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﺳﻌﻴ‬.‫اﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﻣﻮا ﺑﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﻣﻀﺎد ﻓﻴﺮوﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺎﺗﻔﻪ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮل‬
.‫ﺳﻴﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺨﺪﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻶﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬

76
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the relationship between ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ واﻟﻌﻤﺎل اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ؟‬:1‫س‬
Mohammed and the other workers?
A. He is their manager. .‫ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻫﻢ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What was the message that the man ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أرﺳﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ إﻟﻰ‬:2‫س‬
sent to the shop? ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻞ؟‬
D. Thank you ‫ ﺷﻜﺮا‬.‫د‬

Q3: What does the word “device” refer to? ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺟﻬﺎز"؟‬:3‫س‬
A. Mobile phone ‫ اﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮل‬.‫أ‬

Q4: what was the problem with his device? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺟﻬﺎزه؟‬:4‫س‬
C. They found an application he didn’t .‫ وﺟﺪوا ﺗﻄﺒﻴًﻘﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻘﻢ ﺑﺘﻨﺰﻳﻠﻪ‬.‫ج‬
download.

Q5: What does the word “head” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ " رﺋﻴﺲ"؟‬:5‫س‬
A. director - manager ‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: What did they do for the man (which is ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻌﻠﻮا ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ او ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ؟‬:6‫س‬
true)?
B. They downloaded an antivirus application. .‫ ﻗﺎﻣﻮا ﺑﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﻀﺎد ﻓﻴﺮوﺳﺎت‬.‫ب‬

Q7: What will the man do? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺳﻴﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ؟‬:7‫س‬

C. He will recommend the shop. .‫ ﺳﻴﻮﺻﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻞ‬.‫ج‬

Q8: What is true according to the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:8‫س‬
B. They took the phone. .‫ اﺧﺬوا اﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ‬.‫ب‬

77
 ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ 🆔‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Here is an ID card containing information regarding a person. Answer the questions from the‬‬
‫‪ID.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬه ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ‪ .‬أﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﻮاردة وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻬﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Name‬‬ ‫‪Al Shihri, Mohammad‬‬

‫)اﻻﺳﻢ(‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺮي‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫‪Age‬‬
‫‪28‬‬
‫)اﻟﻌﻤﺮ(‬
‫‪Nationality‬‬ ‫‪Saudi‬‬
‫)اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ(‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻮدي‬

‫‪Job‬‬ ‫‪Dentist‬‬
‫)اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ(‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﺐ اﺳﻨﺎن‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What is the order of the information‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت؟‬
‫‪A. Name (Last, First name), Age, Nationality,‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻻﺳﻢ )اﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪ ،‬اﻻﺳﻢ اﻷول(‪ ،‬اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ ،‬اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪Job‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬

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 🏎 ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The table below demonstrates specifications for an item. Look at it and answer the question.
.‫ اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال‬.‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺠﺪول أدﻧﺎه ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت أﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬

Model
2015
‫ا ﻟﻤﻮدﻳﻞ‬
Number of cylinders
4
‫ﻋ ﺪ د ا ﻟ ﺴﻴ ﻠ ﻴ ﻨ ﺪ ر ا ت‬
Fuel type
Petrol
‫ﻧ ﻮع ا ﻟ ﻮﻗﻮد‬
Number of seats
5
‫ﻋﺪد ا ﻟﻤﻘﺎﻋﺪ‬
Tire Condition
New
‫ﺣﺎ ﻟ ﺔ ا ﻟ ﻜﻔﺮا ت‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1. Whose specifications are these? ‫ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت؟‬.1‫س‬
B. cars ‫ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات‬.‫ب‬

79
 ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ 😷‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The graph below shows the (Q1) health coverage throughout the years. Look at it and answer‬‬
‫‪the questions.‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪار اﻟﺴﻨﻮات‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: In which year was the largest health‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ؟‬
‫?‪coverage‬‬
‫‪B. 2005‬‬ ‫ب‪2005 .‬‬

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 🏋🏻
‫♂ﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻤﺎر‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Aerobic exercises increase a person’s heart rate and breathing rate which (Q2) consume more
Oxygen. (Q1) Examples of Aerobic exercise are walking and cycling. On the other hand,
Anaerobic exercises, such as weightlifting, involve short bursts of intense activity which (Q3)
burns more fat.
‫ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺿﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻠﺐ وﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ رﻓﻊ‬،‫ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ اﻟﻼﻫﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‬.‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﻲ ورﻛﻮب اﻟﺪراﺟﺎت‬
.‫ دﻓﻌﺎت ﻗﺼﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺮق اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻫﻮن‬،‫اﻷﺛﻘﺎل‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which of the following is an example ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺔ؟‬:1‫س‬
of Aerobic excersie?
B. walking ‫ اﻟﻤﺸﻲ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Which type consumes more Oxygen? ‫ أي ﻧﻮع ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ؟‬:2‫س‬
A. aerobic ‫ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: Which type burns more fat? ‫ أي ﻧﻮع ﻳﺤﺮق دﻫﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ؟‬:3‫س‬
B. anaerobic ‫ اﻟﻼﻫﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

81
 ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﻳﺎ 🦠‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Bacteria are single-celled organisms. (Q1) They usually cause diseases.‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎت وﺣﻴﺪة اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻷﻣﺮاض‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What do bacteria cause‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ؟‬
‫‪C. diseases‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬اﻷﻣﺮاض‬

‫‪82‬‬
 🧏🏻
‫♂ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺴ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Hearing loss can have many different causes. (Q2) One of the important causes is damaged
hair cells inside one’s ear. These (Q3) cells can NOT regrow or regenerate, so it is 90% sure that
the hearing loss is permanent.
‫ أﺣﺪ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬.‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻔﻘﺪان اﻟﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ أن ﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬٪90 ‫ ﻟﺬا ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬،‫ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻨﻤﻮ واﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬.‫داﺧﻞ اﻷذن‬
.‫داﺋﻢ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the author’s main purpose? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻟﻒ؟‬:1‫س‬
B. to inform ‫ اﻹﺑﻼغ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Which idea is mentioned in the text? ‫ أي ﻓﻜﺮة وردت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ؟‬:2‫س‬

A. Damaged hair cells cause hearing loss. .‫ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: Which idea is mentioned in the text? ‫ أي ﻓﻜﺮة وردت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ؟‬:3‫س‬

D. Damaged hair cells cannot regrow. .‫ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‬.‫د‬

83
 🤓 ‫اﻷﺑﺤﺎث وﺗﻤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Research is important for the advancement of science. However, (Q1) the public thinks that
the industry only cares about money and wastes money. Also, (Q2) they think that it is unlikely
that the industry partners will share the research information that will make them lose
money. But it is not the case as the industry tries to benefit the people. There are two types
of research in terms of funding. The first is (Q3) government-funded research which the public
thinks as a waste of their tax money. They also say that not all evidence is considered to
judge if the research is helpful. The second type is (Q4) company-funded research which is
generally less reliable than government-funded research as it depends on the company’s
profit. (Q5) The public thinks that not all findings are released since companies only care about
their profit.
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر أن اﻟﺠﻬﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ واﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻬﺘﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎل‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﺘﻘﺪم اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪون أﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﻳﺸﺎرك ﺷﺮﻛﺎء اﻟﺠﻬﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ واﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬.‫وﺗﻬﺪر اﻟﻤﺎل‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺤﺎول ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﻬﺎت إﻓﺎدة‬.‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﺠﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺨﺴﺮوا اﻟﻤﺎل‬
‫ اﻷول ﻫﻮ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻤﻤﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ واﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬.‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫ﻀﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻛﻞ اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ إذا‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن أﻳ‬.‫اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر أﻧﻪ إﻫﺪار ﻷﻣﻮال اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻮﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم أﻗﻞ‬.‫ﺪا أم ﻻ‬ً ‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻔﻴ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر أﻧﻪ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ‬.‫ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻮﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ رﺑﺢ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
.‫إﺻﺪار ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻷن اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﺗﻬﺘﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺄرﺑﺎﺣﻬﺎ‬

84
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How does the public view the company- ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮى اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻤﻮﻟﻪ‬:1‫س‬
funded research? ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ؟‬
B. The public thinks that the industries mainly care ‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر أن اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت ﺗﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬.‫ب‬
about money. .‫أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎل‬

Q2: Which of the following is an opinion? ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ رأي؟‬:2‫س‬

A. The public was skeptical whether an industry ‫ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻜﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫أ‬
partner could ever be trusted to release ‫اﻟﻮﺛﻮق ﻓﻲ أﺣﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺎء اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
information that might hurt its profits. .‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻀﺮ ﺑﺄرﺑﺎﺣﻪ‬

Q3: What can we understand about government ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﺑﺸﺄن اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‬:3‫س‬
funding research? ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮث؟‬
C. The public thinks it is a waste of money. .‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻀﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎل‬.‫ج‬

Q4: What can we understand about company- ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺘﻲ‬:4‫س‬
funded research? ‫ﺗﻤﻮﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ؟‬
B. It is less reliable than government-funded ‫ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻟﻤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ب‬
research. .‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬

Q5: How are the ideas that “not all evidence is ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﺘﻲ "ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ أﺧﺬ ﻛﻞ‬:5‫س‬
considered” and “not all findings are released" ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر" و "ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺻﺪار ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ"؟‬
related?
C. Both are examples of public opinion about the .‫ ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﺜﺎﻻن ﻟﻠﺮأي اﻟﻌﺎم ﺣﻮل أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬.‫ج‬
types of research.

85
 ‫ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﺷﺮﻛﺔ 📈‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The graph below shows the sales of LG TVs over the years. Look at the graph and answer‬‬
‫)‪(Q1‬‬
‫‪the question:‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎت أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن ‪ LG‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ اﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ وأﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال‪:‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: In 2007, How many units were sold‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪2007‬؟‬
‫‪A. 28 million‬‬ ‫أ‪ 28 .‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮن‬

‫‪86‬‬
 🖋 ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻻﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The four main types of academic writing are descriptive, analytical, persuasive and critical. In
descriptive/expository writing, the (Q2) writer should describe an issue to the reader.
‫ ﻓﻲ‬.‫اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻘﻨﻌﺔ واﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ‬
.‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أن ﻳﺼﻒ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺎرئ‬،‫ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮﻳﺔ‬/ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:1‫س‬
D. Academic writing uses different types of ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ أﻧﻮاًﻋﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ‬.‫د‬
writing styles. .‫أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬

Q2: What does the paragraph say about / ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮﻳﺔ‬:2‫س‬
expository/descriptive writing? ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ؟‬
B. It tells the writer to describe an issue to the .‫ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ أن ﻳﺼﻒ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺎرئ‬.‫ب‬
reader.

87
 🗣 ‫اﻟﺴﺮد‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Narration is the act of telling a story. The (Q1) story that is being narrated can be real or
fictional. There are four types of narratives: Linear Narrative, Non-linear Narrative, Quest
Narrative and Viewpoint Narrative. Stories start with introductions and go on to conflict and
the main storyline to achieve a certain value. (Q2) They are written in different styles, as well.
‫ ﻫﻨﺎك أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻧﻮاع‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﺼﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﺮدﻫﺎ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ أو ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺴﺮد ﻫﻮ إﻋﺎدة ﻗﻮل اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﺑﻤﻘﺪﻣﺎت‬.‫ وﺳﺮد وﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬،‫ وﺳﺮد اﻟﻤﻬﺎم‬،‫ واﻟﺴﺮد ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺨﻄﻲ‬،‫ اﻟﺴﺮد اﻟﺨﻄﻲ‬:‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺮد‬
.‫ ُﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ أﻧﻤﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫وﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﺮاع واﻟﻘﺼﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬

2- Well written stories have some characteristics like: conflict, tension, surprise,
extraordinary characters, etc.
‫ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ‬،‫ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺄة‬،‫ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬،‫ اﻟﺼﺮاع‬:‫ ﻟﻠﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﺜﻞ‬-2
.‫ إﻟﺦ‬،‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What are the types of stories? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻘﺼﺺ؟‬:1‫س‬
C. real or fictional. .‫ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ أو ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻲ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Stories are written in _____ _____ ‫ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ ُﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ‬:2‫س‬

B. different styles. .‫ أﻧﻤﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬:3‫س‬

B. to inform ‫ اﻹﺑﻼغ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: What is the main idea in paragraph 2? ‫؟‬2 ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:4 ‫س‬
C. The characteristics of a well-written .‫ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻘﺼﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ‬.‫ج‬
story

88
 🏭 ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
When starting a project, (Q1) there are 2 feature that are always there: administration and
procurement. These two will help to start and continue until the goal is reached. The people
who do the project’s activities should be (Q2) rewarded by not only salary but also extra
benefits.
‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﺬان اﻻﺛﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪء‬.‫ اﻹدارة واﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎت‬:‫ﻤﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﻴﺰﺗﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮدﺗﺎن داﺋ‬،‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء ﻣﺸﺮوع‬
‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺄ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮن ﺑﺄﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬.‫واﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ اﻟﻬﺪف‬
.‫ﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺰاﻳﺎ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
ً ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮاﺗﺐ وﻟﻜﻦ أﻳ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What are the two important features ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺴﻤﺘﺎن اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺘﺎن ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع؟‬:1‫س‬
for a project?
D. administration and procurement. .‫ اﻹدارة واﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎت‬.‫د‬

Q2: What should be the reward of the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺄة أﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع؟‬:2‫س‬

project’s activities?
B. salary and benefits. .‫ اﻟﺮاﺗﺐ واﻟﻤﺰاﻳﺎ‬.‫ب‬

89
 😰 ‫اﺿﻄﺮاب وﺳﻮاﺳﻲ ﻗﻬﺮي‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Human’s behavior is very unpredictable. (Q1) Sometimes humans can behave normally and
sometimes they show obsessive behavior. But what is certain is (Q2) that features of
compulsive anxiety and phobias are present in everyone.
2- (Q3) Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior negatively affect a person’s daily life. An
example for that is (Q4) Howard Hughes who was a billionaire but suffered from anxiety and
phobias. He was (Q5) scared of germs and of dying at an early age as his mother had the same.
(Q6) For example, he wrote a staff manual on how to prevent stuff from getting on germs.

‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺮ أن ﻳﺘﺼﺮﻓﻮا ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ وأﺣﻴﺎًﻧﺎ‬.‫ ﺳﻠﻮك اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬-1
.‫ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻷﻛﻴﺪ ﻫﻮ أن ﺳﻤﺎت اﻟﻘﻬﺮي واﻟﻘﻠﻖ واﻟﺮﻫﺎب ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬.‫ﺳﺎ‬
ً ‫ﻛﺎ ﻣﻬﻮو‬
ً ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮون ﺳﻠﻮ‬
‫ وﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻮﺳﻮاﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻘﻬﺮي ﺳﻠﺒﴼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻹﻧﺴﺎن اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬-2
‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺨﺎف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺮاﺛﻴﻢ واﻟﻤﻮت ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻫﻮارد ﻫﻴﻮز اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻣﻠﻴﺎردﻳًﺮا ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ واﻟﺮﻫﺎب‬
‫ ﻛﺘﺐ دﻟﻴًﻠﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ ﺣﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫ﺳﻦ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ ﻷن واﻟﺪﺗﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻪ‬
.‫اﻟﺠﺮاﺛﻴﻢ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬

90
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the main topic of this passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:1‫س‬
A. A comparison of normal and obsessive .‫ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ واﻟﻤﻬﻮوس‬.‫أ‬
behavior.

Q2: What is one important idea related to ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻖ‬:2‫س‬
general anxiety and phobias mentioned In ‫(؟‬1) ‫اﻟﻌﺎم واﻟﺮﻫﺎب اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
Paragraph (1)?
C. Features of compulsive behavior are present .‫ ﺳﻤﺎت اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻘﻬﺮي ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ‬.‫ج‬
in everyone.

Q3: What important information about ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر‬:3‫س‬

obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior is ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻮاﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻘﻬﺮي اﻟﻤﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
expressed in Paragraph (2)? ‫(؟‬2) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
C. They negatively affect daily life. .‫ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﻠﺒﴼ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q4: Why does the writer mention Howard ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻫﻮارد ﻫﻴﻮز؟‬:4‫س‬
Hughes?
B. He suffered from anxiety and phobias. .‫ ﻋﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ واﻟﺮﻫﺎب‬.‫ب‬

Q5: What key information is given about ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ‬:5‫س‬
Howard Hughes? ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﻮل ﻫﻮارد ﻫﻴﻮز؟‬
C. He was scared of germs and of dying at an .‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺨﺎف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺮاﺛﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻮت ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬.‫ج‬
early age.

Q6: What is an example of Hughes obsessive ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك ﻟﺒﻤﻮﺳﻮس ﻟﻬﻴﻮز‬:6‫س‬
behavior in the passage? ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬
A. writing a staff manual. .‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ‬.‫أ‬

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 😴 ‫اﻟﻨﻮم اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Adults are usually recommended to (Q1) sleep between 6 to 8 hours regularly. Sleeping
regularly like this (Q2) will help you reduce stress, improve memory, regulate blood sugar, etc.
However, not sleeping well will (Q3) put you at risk of serious medical conditions.
،‫ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪك اﻟﻨﻮم اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬.‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم‬8 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬6 ‫ﻳﻨﺼﺢ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻮن ﻋﺎدة ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮم ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻓﺈن ﻋﺪم اﻟﻨﻮم ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬،‫ وﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪم‬،‫وﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬
.‫ﺳﻴﻌﺮﺿﻚ ﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺤﺎﻻت ﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﺧﻄﻴﺮة‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How long should adults sleep? ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻳﻨﺎم اﻟﻜﺒﺎر؟‬:1‫س‬
C. 6-8 8-6 .‫ج‬

Q2: What is one of the most important ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى أﻫﻢ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ اﻟﻨﻮم اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ؟‬:2‫س‬
advantages of regular sleep?
A. reducing stress ‫ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What is the main disadvantage of not ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﻴﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻌﺪم ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻮم؟‬:3‫س‬
having enough sleep?
B. serious medical conditions. .‫ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺮة‬.‫ب‬

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 📖 ‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Psychology is a very deep subject and all (Q1) our knowledge of it comes from experience.
People who study this field are called psychologists. (Q2) Psychologists provide treatment to
the people who are unhappy in their lives. (Q3) People feel very happy because they talk and
deal with psychologists. Some might think this is an easy job. But it is very difficult (Q4) as it
requires field research.
‫ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺪرﺳﻮن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬.‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ‬.‫ ﻳﻘﺪم ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﻼج ﻟﻸﺷﺨﺎص ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﻌﺪاء ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬.‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ أن ﻫﺬه ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺴﻌﺎدة ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮا وﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮا ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬
.‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﺤًﺜﺎ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧًﻴﺎ‬.‫ﺳﻬﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does the writer think about our ‫ ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ؟‬:1‫س‬
knowledge of psychology?
C. It is from experience. .‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What do psychologists do to help people ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬:2‫س‬
who are unhappy in their lives? ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﻌﺪاء ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ؟‬
B. They provide them with treatment services. .‫ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻮن ﻟﻬﻢ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﻼج‬.‫ب‬

Q3: Why does the writer use the word ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﺴﺒﺐ"؟‬:3‫س‬
"because”?
D. to explain the result of people talking and ‫ ﺷﺮح ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻨﺎس وﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬.‫د‬
dealing with psychologists ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬

Q4: Why is the work of most psychologists ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﻔﺲ؟‬:4‫س‬
difficult?
A. It needs field research. .‫ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ‬.‫أ‬

Q5: Which word can we use to replace the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬:5‫س‬
word "But"? ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻟﻜﻦ"؟‬
B. however ‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ب‬

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 🍌 ‫اﻟﻤﻮز اﻻﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Africa in general is a very poor continent. The (Q2) children in Africa need better food since
most of them die because of hunger. It was researched and tested that (Q3) genetically
modified bananas with added vitamins can save African children’s lives.
‫ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﻓﻲ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻃﻌﺎم أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﻮت‬.‫أﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻫﻲ ﻗﺎرة ﻓﻘﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ واﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟﻤﻮز اﻟﻤﻌﺪل وراﺛًﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻨﻘﺬ ﺣﻴﺎة‬.‫ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﻢ‬
.‫اﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻷﻓﺎرﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬:1‫س‬
B. to inform ‫ اﻹﺑﻼغ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What is one important idea that the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬:2‫س‬
writer mentions? ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
B. That children in Africa need better food. .‫ أن اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﻓﻲ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻏﺬاء أﻓﻀﻞ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: What is one important idea that the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬:3‫س‬
writer mentions? ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
C. Those genetically modified bananas may .‫ أن اﻟﻤﻮز اﻟﻤﻌﺪل وراﺛﻴﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﻘﺬ اﻷرواح‬.‫ج‬
save lives.

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 📲 ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
There are two types of software that we use. The first is open-source software which can be
modified by anyone. (Q1) Internet helped in developing this type of software. The biggest (Q2)
advantage of open-source software is that bugs get fixed quickly. (Q3) Examples of this type
are Firefox and Apache. The second type is closed-source software which is privately owned
by companies and you can get (Q4) technical support from them which is a big benefit.
.‫ اﻷول ﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷي ﺷﺨﺺ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻴﺰة ﻟﻠﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻫﻲ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺻﻼح‬.‫ﺳﺎﻋﺪ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬.Apache‫ و‬Firefox ‫ وﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع‬.‫اﻷﺧﻄﺎء ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﻤﻠﻮك ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ دﻋﻢ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ وﻫﻮ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What helped developing open-source ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬:1‫س‬
software? ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر؟‬
C. internet access ‫ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What is one of the benefits of open- ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر؟‬:2‫س‬
source software?
B. quick bug fixing. ‫ إﺻﻼح اﻟﺨﻠﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: What are two examples of open-source ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﺜﺎﻻن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر؟‬:3‫س‬
software?
A. Firefox and Apache Apache ‫ و‬Firefox .‫أ‬

Q4: What is one of the benefits of closed- ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر؟‬:4‫س‬
source software?
D. technical support from the company ‫ اﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬.‫د‬

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 📊 ‫رﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺠﺎج‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The graph below shows the Hajj and Umrah pilgrims’ statistics. Look at the graph and answer
the questions:
:‫ اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬.‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه إﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺞ واﻟﻌﻤﺮة‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: In which year was the largest number ‫ ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺎج ﻣﻦ‬:1‫س‬
of Hajj pilgrims from outside? ‫اﻟﺨﺎرج؟‬
D. 2010 2010 .‫د‬

Q2: In which year was the largest number ‫ ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﺎج اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ؟‬:2‫س‬
of Hajj pilgrims from inside?
B. 2012 2012 .‫ب‬

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 🧪 ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The scientific method is process which helps solve a problem. (Q1) It has 6 procedures
which are: 1) make an observation, 2) ask a question, 3) create a hypothesis, 4) make a
prediction, 5) test the prediction, and 6) draw conclusions.
2- (Q6) Observation is a very important step in the scientific method and it has 2 types. The
qualitative observation are the first. (Q2) They explains what happens by carefully watching
things and using the five sensory organs. (Q3) They also describe properties or occurrences in
ways that do not rely on numbers.
3- On the other hand, (Q4) quantitative observations, which is the second type, are
measurements that consist of both a number and a unit like 4kg.
4- From our observation we can get a (Q5) hypothesis which is the real start of scientists’
search for a solution. That’s why observation is the base of the solution of any problem.

(3 ،‫( ﻃﺮح ﺳﺆال‬2 ،‫( إﺑﺪاء ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬1 :‫ ﺧﻄﻮاﺗﻪ ﻫﻲ‬.‫ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ‬-1
.‫( اﺳﺘﺨﻼص اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬6 ،‫( اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬5 ،‫( ﺗﻮﻗﻊ‬4 ،‫إﻧﺸﺎء ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‬،‫ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ وإذا ﻛﺎن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﻋﺎن‬-2
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﻒ‬.‫ ﻳﺸﺮح ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ واﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺧﻤﺴﺔ أﻋﻀﺎء ﺣﺴﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
.‫اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ أو اﻷﺣﺪاث ﺑﻄﺮق ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﻗﺎم‬
4 ‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ وﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ رﻗﻢ ووﺣﺪة ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‬-3
.‫ﻛﺠﻢ‬
‫ ﻫﺬا‬.‫ وﻫﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻦ ﺣﻞ‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﻨﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬-4
.‫ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ أن اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻫﻲ أﺳﺎس ﺣﻞ أي ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬

97
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does Paragraph (1) say about the ‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ؟‬1) ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:1‫س‬
scientific method?
B. It is made up of six different procedures. .‫ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ إﺟﺮاءات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What does Paragraph (2) say about qualitative ‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬2) ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:2‫س‬
observation? ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ؟‬
C. They explain what happens by carefully ‫ ﻳﺸﺮﺣﻮن ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬.‫ج‬
watching things. .‫ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬

Q3: Which sentence gives the main idea of ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬:3‫س‬
Paragraph (2)? ‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. Qualitative observations describe properties or ‫ ﺗﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ أو اﻷﺣﺪاث‬.‫أ‬
occurrences in ways that do not rely on numbers. .‫ﺑﻄﺮق ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﻗﺎم‬

Q4: Which sentence gives the main idea of ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬:4‫س‬
Paragraph (3)? ‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬
D. Quantitative observations are measurements, ‫ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ‬.‫د‬
which by definition consist of both a number and a .‫ﻣﻦ رﻗﻢ ووﺣﺪة‬
unit.

Q5: What does Paragraph (4) say about ‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ؟‬4) ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:5‫س‬
hypothesis?
C. It is where scientists start their search. .‫ ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﺤﺜﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬.‫ج‬

Q6: What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:6‫س‬
A. Observations are an important step in the ‫ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻫﻲ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬.‫أ‬
scientific method. .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

98
 ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ 🤝‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Contract law is an area of law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and‬‬
‫‪groups.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻓﺮاد واﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: The word "agreements" is closest in‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎت" ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻟـ _____‬
‫_____ ‪meaning to‬‬
‫‪B. arrangements.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت‪.‬‬

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 🧬 ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Have you ever wondered how your brain can order you hand to move? This is exactly what
the spinal cord does as it consists of nerves that carry the information up and down through
neural paths between the brain and the rest of the body. So, when you touch something hot
your sensory neurons and interneurons send information to your brain which makes you take
your hand away. However, if the spinal cord suffers a series of injuries, your brain will stop
receiving information.
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺎءﻟﺖ ﻳﻮًﻣﺎ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻌﻘﻠﻚ أن ﻳﺄﻣﺮك ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮك؟ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ اﻟﻨﺨﺎع اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
.‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ أﻋﺼﺎب ﺗﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻷﻋﻠﻰ وﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ وﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬
‫ ﺗﺮﺳﻞ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺴﻴﺔ واﻻﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت إﻟﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﻚ‬، ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﻤﺲ ﺷﻴًﺌﺎ ﺳﺎﺧًﻨﺎ‬، ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
،‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺤﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﺪا‬ ً ‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻳﺪك ﺑﻌﻴ‬
.‫ﻓﺴﻴﺘﻮﻗﻒ دﻣﺎﻏﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What helps information travel up and ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت إﻟﻰ‬:1‫س‬
down the spine? ‫أﻋﻠﻰ وأﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻔﻘﺮي؟‬
B. neural paths ‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What finally makes you take your hand ‫ﺪا ﻋﻦ‬
ً ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻚ أﺧﻴًﺮا ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻳﺪك ﺑﻌﻴ‬:2‫س‬
away from something hot? ‫ﺷﻲء ﺳﺎﺧﻦ؟‬
A. sensory neurons and interneurons ‫ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺴﻴﺔ واﻷﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: When would your brain stop receiving ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ دﻣﺎﻏﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬:3‫س‬
information from the spinal cord? ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺨﺎع اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ؟‬
A. If there were serious damage to the spinal .‫ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺿﺮر ﺧﻄﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺨﺎع اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ‬.‫أ‬
cord.

Q4: The word "connecting" is closest in ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﺮﺑﻂ" ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ؟‬:4‫س‬

meaning to?
C. joining ‫ اﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎم‬.‫ج‬

100
 ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ 🔫‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The graph below shows global murder and homicides rates. Look at it and answer the‬‬
‫‪questions:‬‬
‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﻘﺘﻞ واﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻪ وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: How many homicides per 100,000‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ 100‬أﻟﻒ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻲ‬
‫?‪people happened in Africa in 2005‬‬ ‫إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻋﺎم ‪2005‬؟‬
‫‪C. 7‬‬ ‫ج‪7 .‬‬

‫‪Q2: What was the homicide rate per‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ 100.000‬ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫?‪100,000 people in Europe in 2010‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ ﻋﺎم ‪2010‬؟‬
‫‪B. 2‬‬ ‫ب‪2 .‬‬

‫‪101‬‬
 🗺 ‫ﺳﻴﺒﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Siberia had many problems and they increased because of the war in Russia which was led by
Stalin and Lenin. One of the problems in Siberia was the lack of housing. Workers did not
have homes but (Q1) it was solved by Stalin building houses in Siberia. Later, (Q2) Lenin founded
an association and became its head.
‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬.‫واﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻴﺒﻴﺮﻳﺎ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ وازدادت ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺤﺮب ﻓﻲ روﺳﻴﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎدﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ وﻟﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎل ﻣﻨﺎزل وﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻢ ﺣﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ‬.‫إﺣﺪى اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﺴﻜﻦ‬
.‫ أﺳﺲ ﻟﻴﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ وأﺻﺒﺢ رﺋﻴﺴﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻻﺣﻖ‬.‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﻨﺎزل ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How was the workers’ problem solved in ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻢ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﻴﺮﻳﺎ؟‬:1‫س‬
Siberia?
C. He made houses in Siberia. .‫ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﺎزل ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Who founded the association? ‫ ﻣﻦ أﺳﺲ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ؟‬:2‫س‬

B. Lenin ‫ ﻟﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬.‫ب‬

102
 💻 ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
I had a computer at home but its operating system (OS) was infected with a virus. (Q1) I
complained to the company that it was attacked by a virus and they told me that (Q2) the OS
worked like other computer software and it could be damaged as well.
‫ اﺷﺘﻜﻴﺖ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬.‫ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪي ﺟﻬﺎز ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎب ﺑﻔﻴﺮوس‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻮم ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻴﺮوس وأﺧﺒﺮوﻧﻲ أن ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
.‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻀﺮر أﻳ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What was the writer's main purpose? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬:1‫س‬
B. to complain ‫ اﻟﺸﻜﻮى‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What is one important idea that the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬:2‫س‬
writer mentions? ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
A. The OS worked like other computer ‫ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬.‫أ‬
software. .‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬

103
 💦 ‫دورة اﻟﻤﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Water goes through a full cycle. Liquid water evaporates into air, condenses to form clouds,
and precipitates back to earth in the form of rain. (Q1) Building dams affects this cycle by
increasing evaporation. Moreover, when there (Q2) isn’t enough vegetation, it impacts
evaporation and causes its reduction.
‫ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‬،‫ وﻳﺘﻜﺜﻒ ﻟﻴﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬،‫ ﻳﺘﺒﺨﺮ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬.‫ﻳﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺎء ﺑﺪورة ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن‬،‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫ أﻳ‬.‫ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﺪود ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪورة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬.‫إﻟﻰ اﻷرض ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻄﺮ‬
.‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ وﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻠﻪ‬،‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is one important effect of ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﺪود؟‬:1‫س‬
building dams?
A. a rise in evaporation ‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What causes a reduction in ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ؟‬:2‫س‬

evaporation? .‫ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬
B. not enough vegetation
_____ ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﺛﺮ" ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬:3‫س‬
Q3: The word "impact" is closest in
meaning to _____ .‫ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬.‫أ‬
A. effect.
‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﺧﺘﺰال" ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬:4‫س‬
Q4: The word "reduction" is closest in _____
meaning to _____ .‫ ﻫﺒﻮط‬.‫أ‬
A. fall.

104
 🧐 ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic methods. (Q1)
Traditional psychoanalysis is very slow and expensive, but it may solve problems. When we
begin with this process, (Q2) we should begin with a childhood memory or dream. Most of the
(Q3) psychological problems are fed from repressed impulses and conflicts while in childhood.

‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي‬.‫ُﻳﻌﱠﺮف اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﺬاﻛﺮة اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ أو‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬.‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻄﻲء وﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬
.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪواﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﺒﻮﺗﺔ واﻟﺼﺮاع أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺤﻠﻢ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What are two characteristics of ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﺴﻤﺘﺎن ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي؟‬:1‫س‬
traditional psychoanalysis?
C. Slow and expensive ‫ ﺑﻄﺊ وﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What things can psychoanalysis begin ‫ أي ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬:2‫س‬
with? ‫ﺑﻬﻤﺎ؟‬
D. A childhood memory or dream ‫ ذﻛﺮى اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ أو اﻟﺤﻠﻢ‬.‫د‬

Q3: What are two things from childhood ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻠﺬان ﻳﻐﺬﻳﺎن‬:3‫س‬
feed psychological problems? ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ؟‬
D. Repressed impulses and conflicts ‫ اﻟﺪواﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﺒﻮﺗﺔ واﻟﺼﺮاﻋﺎت‬.‫د‬

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 🤦🏻
‫ﻣﺠﺎﻋﺔ أﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪا اﻟﻜﺒﺮى‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The Great Hunger or Irish Potato Famine was a period of mass starvation and disease in
Ireland that (Q1) brought about a lot of deaths and made many people leave the country.
While all this happened, (Q2) the British landowners hadn’t run out of their good crops yet. (Q3)
The Irish created the Fenian Brotherhood to fight back against the British. One of their
leaders issued the (Q4) “Irish Question” which divided British people and created problems
until a solution was found. (Q5) Prime Minister Gladstone tried to help Irish farmers through
new rent and tax laws.
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺠﻮع اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ أو ﻣﺠﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃﺲ اﻷﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﺠﺎﻋﺔ وﻣﺮض ﺟﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ أﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪا ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﻔﺬ ﻣﻼك اﻷراﺿﻲ‬،‫ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺣﺪوث ﻫﺬا‬.‫اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت ودﻓﻌﺖ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس إﻟﻰ ﻣﻐﺎدرة اﻟﺒﻼد‬
.‫ أﻧﺸﺄ اﻷﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪﻳﻮن ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ اﻹﺧﻮة اﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺘﺎل ﺿﺪ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﻴﻠﻬﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﺪة ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫أﺻﺪر أﺣﺪ ﻗﺎدﺗﻬﻢ "اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻷﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ" اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ وﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ إﻳﺠﺎد‬
‫ ﺣﺎول رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻮزراء ﺟﻼدﺳﺘﻮن ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ اﻷﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻹﻳﺠﺎر واﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ‬.‫ﺣﻞ‬
.‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬

106
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does the paragraph say about the ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﻮع اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ؟‬:1‫س‬
Great Hunger?
B. It brought about a lot of deaths and made ‫ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت ودﻓﻊ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬.‫ب‬
many Irish people leave their country. .‫ﻣﻦ اﻷﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪﻳﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻐﺎدرة ﺑﻼدﻫﻢ‬

Q2: Why does the writer use the word "Yet”? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﻌﺪ"؟‬:2‫س‬
A. to show that British landowners sold good ‫ إﻇﻬﺎر أن ﻣﻼك اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﻮا‬.‫أ‬
crops while people were hungry .‫ﻣﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺟﻴﺪة ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﺎس ﺟﺎﺋﻌﻴﻦ‬

Q3: How did the Irish deal with the problems ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪﻳﻮن ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ‬:3‫س‬
that followed the great Hunger? ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺖ اﻟﺠﻮع اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ؟‬
C. They created the Fenian Brotherhood to fight ‫ أﻧﺸﺄوا ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ اﻹﺧﻮان اﻟﻔﻨﻴﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻘﺘﺎل ﺿﺪ‬.‫ج‬
back against the British. .‫اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬

Q4: What does the writer think about the "Irish ‫ ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ " اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻷﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪي"؟‬:4‫س‬
question"?
A. He believes it divided English people and ‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰي وﺧﻠﻘﺖ‬.‫أ‬
created problems until a solution was found. .‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ إﻳﺠﺎد ﺣﻞ‬

Q5: How did Prime Minister Gladstone deal with ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻮزراء ﺟﻼدﺳﺘﻮن ﻣﻊ‬:5‫س‬
the Irish question? ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻷﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ؟‬
C. He tried to help Irish farmers through new ‫ ﺣﺎول ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ اﻷﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬.‫ج‬
rent and tax laws. .‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻹﻳﺠﺎر واﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬

107
 ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻛﻴﺰ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ 🍪‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Website Cookies are files created by websites you visit. They make your online experience‬‬
‫‪easier by saving browsing information which is more (Q1) secure and they protect your privacy.‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤﻫﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰورﻫﺎ‪ .‬إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺘﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ أﺳﻬﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻔﺢ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ أﻣﺎًﻧﺎ وﺗﺤﻤﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺘﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What is the passage mainly talking‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ؟‬
‫?‪about‬‬
‫‪A. Cookies are secure and they protect your‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط آﻣﻨﺔ وﺗﺤﻤﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺘﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪privacy.‬‬

‫‪108‬‬
 🦕 ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻃﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Preserving habitat is very important for life to exist on Earth without facing extinction. That’s
why ecologists concentrated on protecting the Ecosystems to help maintain every creature’s
habitat. This can only build on trust from the public.
ً ‫ﻳﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻃﻦ أﻣًﺮا ﻣﻬ‬
‫ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬.‫ﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض دون ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﻧﻘﺮاض‬
‫ ﻫﺬا ﻻ‬.‫رﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﺣﻲ‬
.‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﻻ أن ﻳﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the closest meaning to the ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "اﻧﻘﺮاض"؟‬:1‫س‬
word “extinction”?
B. destruction ‫ اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What is the closest meaning to the ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺮﻛﺰة"؟‬:2‫س‬
word “concentrated”?
C. emphasized ‫ أﻛﺪ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: The word “trust” means _____ _____ ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺛﻘﺔ" ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬:3 ‫س‬
A. intention ‫ اﻟﻨﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

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 ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮرد ﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ⛽‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫واردات اﻟوﻻﯾﺎت اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ﻣن اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻧﻔط اﻟﺧﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫أﻟف ﺑرﻣﯾل ﯾوﻣﯾﺎ‬
‫‪2000‬‬ ‫‪18,000‬‬
‫‪2001‬‬ ‫‪19,000‬‬
‫‪2002‬‬ ‫‪18,000‬‬
‫‪2003‬‬ ‫‪(Q2) 21,000‬‬

‫‪2004‬‬ ‫‪18,000‬‬
‫‪2005‬‬ ‫‪17,000‬‬
‫‪2006‬‬ ‫‪17,000‬‬
‫‪2007‬‬ ‫‪(Q1) 17,000‬‬

‫‪2008‬‬ ‫‪18,000‬‬
‫‪2009‬‬ ‫‪12,000‬‬
‫‪2010‬‬ ‫‪13,000‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: How much crude oil did the USA import‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﻮردﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫?‪every day in 2007‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪2007‬؟‬
‫‪A. 17,000,000 barrels‬‬ ‫أ‪ 17.000.000 .‬ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻞ‬

‫‪Q2: In which year were crude oil imports to‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ واردات اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺎت‬
‫?‪the USA from Saudi Arabia the highest‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ؟‬
‫‪C. 2003‬‬ ‫ج‪2003 .‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺦ 🪐‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Mars was discovered (Q1) just five years ago.‬‬
‫ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺳﻨﻮات ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: When did the scientists discover Mars‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺘﻰ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺦ؟‬
‫‪A. exactly five years ago‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺬ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺳﻨﻮات ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬

‫‪111‬‬
 ‫🏻🏃‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺘﻴﻦ ‪ A‬و‪B‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪There were two areas A and B but animals in (Q1) both areas spent time outside of their home‬‬
‫‪to find plants and food.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﺎن أ و ب ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺘﻴﻦ أﻣﻀﺖ وﻗًﺘﺎ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت واﻟﻄﻌﺎم‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What is true about A and B‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص "أ" و "ب"؟‬
‫‪B. The animals spent most of the time‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻗﻀﺖ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‪.‬‬
‫‪outside home.‬‬

‫‪112‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ⚖‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The common law in the USA is much more caring than other countries’ laws. So, (Q1) no‬‬
‫‪comparison should be held between them and other countries.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻳﻬﺘﻢ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﻷﺧﺮى‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ وﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺪول اﻷﺧﺮى‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What is the writer purpose‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻫﺪف اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
‫‪B. comparison‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ واﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ ⚡‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪200 USD‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫‪2 USD‬‬
‫اﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪2 USD‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫‪(Q1) 0 USD‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What is the value of net benefit‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ؟‬
‫‪C. no change‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻻ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬

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 ‫اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ 🤓‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪There are several types of taxes and the excise tax is one of them. Excise Tax is a form of‬‬
‫‪indirect tax levied on specific goods (Q1) like Cigarettes, drinks and tobacco.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﺪة أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ واﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬اﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة اﻟﻤﻔﺮوﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠﻊ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﺠﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻤﺸﺮوﺑﺎت واﻟﺘﺒﻎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: In which of the following are examples‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ؟‬
‫?‪of excise tax‬‬
‫‪A. cigarettes, drinks and tobacco‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﺴﺠﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻤﺸﺮوﺑﺎت واﻟﺘﺒﻎ‬

‫‪115‬‬
 🗞 Wikipedia ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Wikipedia is an open-source platform to share information and (Q1) review details about
something. One the (Q2) best features is that anyone can edit texts and update them.
‫ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺣﻮل ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ‬Wikipedia
.‫أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺰات أﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷي ﺷﺨﺺ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﻨﺼﻮص وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺜﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why do we use Wikipedia? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم وﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ؟‬:1‫س‬
B. review ‫ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What is the most exciting feature of ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺰة اﻷﻛﺜﺮ إﺛﺎرة ﻓﻲ وﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ؟‬:2‫س‬
Wikipedia?
B. editing texts ‫ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﻨﺼﻮص‬.‫ب‬

116
 ⚙ ‫اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Currently, (Q1) Britain, is one of the strongest countries in the world. And all of this
happened after Britain had gone through a shocking change.
2- Before the industrial revolution people used to (Q3) fight for work and making a living. They
struggled to provide food for their families.
3- The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and (Q4) many of the technological and
architectural innovations were of British origin. By the mid-18th century Britain was the
world's leading commercial nation, controlling a global trading empire

.‫ وﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا ﺣﺪث ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻣﺮت ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺻﺎدم‬.‫ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﺎﻟًﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ أﻗﻮى دول اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬-1
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﺤﻮا ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬.‫ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺤﻮن ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﻛﺴﺐ اﻟﺮزق‬-2
.‫ﻟﻌﺎﺋﻼﺗﻬﻢ‬
‫ ﺑﺪأت اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ وﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬-3
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺮاﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬،‫ ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ‬.‫أﺻﻞ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬
.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬

117
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which sentence is the main idea of the ‫ أي ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬:1‫س‬
passage? ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬
C. How Britain achieved an economical change ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴًﺮا اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳًﺎ‬.‫ج‬
and global position. .‫وﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬

Q2: Which is the main idea of the paragraph (1)? ‫(؟‬1) ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:2‫س‬
C. Britain was the strongest country in the world. .‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ أﻗﻮى دوﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: Which is the main idea of the paragraph (2)? ‫(؟‬2) ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:3‫س‬
B. Fighting for working and living .‫ اﻟﻨﻀﺎل ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: Which is the main idea of the paragraph (3)? ‫(؟‬3) ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:4‫س‬
B. Many of the technological and architectural ‫ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬
innovations were of British origin. .‫واﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺻﻞ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

118
 ‫رﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ 🌐‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: In June 2017, the number of people who‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪ ،2017‬ﻛﺎن ﻋﺪد اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫?‪used internet in Germany was‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ؟‬
‫‪B. 72 million‬‬ ‫ب‪ 72 .‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮن‬

‫‪Q2: In June 2017, the number of people who‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪ ،2017‬ﻛﺎن ﻋﺪد اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫?‪used internet in China was‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ؟‬
‫‪C. 740 million‬‬ ‫ج‪ 740 .‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﺎ‬

‫‪119‬‬
 🍓 ‫ﻓﺮاوﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
California’s deep culture of environmentalism have turned to organic strawberries, which
they see as a more sustainable option. As conventional growers took note of this vibrant
market, organic strawberry production (Q1) rose fivefold between 2000 and 2012. The
chemical is a known neurotoxin and carcinogen. They used a toxic chemical that (Q2) cause
disease which is called methyl iodide.
.‫ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺮوا أﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﺎر أﻛﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺔ‬،‫ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺮاوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ارﺗﻔﻊ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻔﺮاوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬،‫ﻧﻈًﺮا ﻷن اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﻴﻦ ﻻﺣﻈﻮا ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮا‬.‫ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺳﻢ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﻣﻌﺮوف وﻣﺴﺮﻃﻦ‬.2012 ‫ و‬2000 ‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﺎدة ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺮض ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻳﻮدﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻴﺜﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which chemical used for planting ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ زراﻋﺔ‬:1‫س‬
strawberries causes diseases? ‫اﻟﻔﺮاوﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﺮاض؟‬
A. methyl iodide ‫ ﻳﻮدﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻴﺜﻴﻞ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: When did organic strawberry ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ارﺗﻔﻊ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻔﺮاوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‬:2‫س‬
production rose fivefold? ‫أﺿﻌﺎف؟‬
B. between 2000-2012. 2012-2000 ‫ ﺑﻴﻦ‬.‫ب‬

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 📦 ‫اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎت واﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Amazon is one of the leading online shopping platforms. (Q3) Shoppers usually pass by 300
items per minute in its apps. (Q2) Packaging is important as it holds and protects the product.
It has made (Q1) a contract with 3 companies and one of them is Heinz. (Q4) Heinz
revolutionized the condiments industry by changing the ketchup bottle shape and design.
Through this it (Q5) increased its sales by 12%.
‫ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ‬300 ‫ ﻳﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻮﻗﻮن ﻋﺎدة ﺑـ‬.‫أﻣﺎزون ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ﻣﻨﺼﺎت اﻟﺘﺴﻮق اﻟﺮاﺋﺪة ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺎت إﺣﺪاﻫﺎ ﻫﻲ‬3 ‫ﺪا ﻣﻊ‬
ً ‫ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺑﺮﻣﺖ ﻋﻘ‬.‫ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ واﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ وﺗﺤﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬.‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﺛﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ زﺟﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺸﺐ‬Heinz ‫ أﺣﺪﺛﺖ‬.Heinz ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬
.٪12 ‫ﺧﻼل ذﻟﻚ زادت ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How many companies is Amazon ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ أﻣﺎزون؟‬:1‫س‬
working with?
C. 3 3 .‫ج‬

Q2: What is the main function of packaging? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ؟‬:2‫س‬

B. to hold and protect the product .‫ ﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ وﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: How many items do shoppers pass in a ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻮﻗﻮن‬:3‫س‬
minute? ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ؟‬
C. 300 300 .‫ج‬

Q4: How did Heinz revolutionize the ‫ ﺛﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬Heinz ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ أﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬:4‫س‬
condiments industry? ‫اﻟﺒﻬﺎرات؟‬
C. by changing the ketchup bottle ‫ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ زﺟﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺸﺐ‬.‫ج‬

Q5: What percentage increase in sales did ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت‬:5‫س‬
Heinz make? ‫؟‬Heinz ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻘﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬
D. 12% ٪12 .‫د‬

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 ‫ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء‬

‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬

Air pollution is a very dangerous phenomenon, especially in this age where air pollutants are
everywhere. When we think about air pollution, we always think about the outside and
atmosphere air pollution, which is just the smaller part of the air pollution that is harming us.
The other part is indoor air pollution. This type of pollution is very dangerous as (Q1) research
shows that people spend 90% of their time staying at home. So, if the indoor air is polluted,
we are in a continuous harmful environment. One of the main reasons for indoor air pollution
is lack of fresh air in the house. Homes should have a proper ventilation system that allows
the fresh air from outside to come inside and the bad air to go outside. However, this in itself
is an issue as (Q2) people tend to save energy by not allowing hot air from outside to come in
as the air conditioners have to exert more energy to cool the house. Therefore, all the bad air
is kept inside the house which causes the indoor air pollution.
.‫ﻳﻌﺪ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻇﺎﻫﺮة ﺧﻄﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻮاﺟﺪ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن‬
‫ واﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﺠﺮد اﻟﺠﺰء‬،‫ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ واﻟﺠﻮ‬
ً ‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﻜﺮ داﺋ‬،‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
‫ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث‬.‫ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻵﺧﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬.‫اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺬي ﻳﻀﺮ ﺑﻨﺎ‬
‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻬﻮاء‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬٪90 ‫ﺪا ﺣﻴﺚ أﻇﻬﺮت اﻷﺑﺤﺎث أن اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻳﻘﻀﻮن‬ ً ‫ﺧﻄﻴًﺮا ﺟ‬
‫ أﺣﺪ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻗﻠﺔ‬.‫ ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺿﺎرة ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬،‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻠﻮًﺛﺎ‬
‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎزل ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻨﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ‬.‫اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻨﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬
‫ ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬا ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺎرج واﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺴﻴﺊ ﻟﻠﺨﺎرج‬
‫ﺧﻼل ﻋﺪم اﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﻴﻔﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺑﺬل اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺴﻴﺊ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬
.‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How much time do people spend inside ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻳﻘﻀﻴﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس داﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﺎزﻟﻬﻢ؟‬:1‫س‬
their homes?
C. 90% ٪90 .‫ج‬

Q2: The bad air is kept inside the houses ‫ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬:2‫س‬
because ___ ___ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
A. people want to save energy. .‫ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﺮﻳﺪون ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬.‫أ‬

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 🎎 ‫اﻟﺪﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺮوﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- (Q1) The first Russian wooden doll set was carved in 1890 by Vasily Zvyozdochkin at the
Children's Education Workshop and created by Sergey Malyutin, a folk crafts painter on the
Abramtsevo estate of Savva Mamontov. Mamontov’s brother, Anatoly Ivanovich Mamontov
(1839 – 1905) founded the Children's Education Workshop to make and sell toys for children.
Malyutin painted the doll set. Malyutin's doll set included eight dolls: the mother which was
the outermost doll. The dolls inside were her children, girls and boys, and a new-born. The
workshop closed in the late 1890s, but the matryoshka legacy moved to Sergiyev Posad, a
Russian city noted for toy-making since the 14th century.
‫ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﻴﻠﻲ زﻓﻴﻮزدوﺗﺸﻜﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ورﺷﺔ‬1890 ‫ ﺗﻢ ﻧﺤﺖ أول ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ دﻣﻰ ﺧﺸﺒﻴﺔ روﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-1
‫ رﺳﺎم اﻟﺤﺮف اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺰﺑﺔ أﺑﺮاﻣﺘﺴﻴﻔﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻓﻔﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل وﺻﻤﻤﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺮﺟﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﻮﺗﻴﻦ‬
‫( ورﺷﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬1905 - 1839) ‫ أﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﻲ إﻳﻔﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﺘﺶ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﻧﺘﻮف‬،‫ أﺳﺲ ﺷﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﻧﺘﻮف‬.‫ﻣﺎﻣﻮﻧﺘﻮف‬
‫ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬Malyutin ‫ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ دﻣﻰ‬.‫ رﺳﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻟﺼﻨﻊ وﺑﻴﻊ أﻟﻌﺎب ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل‬
‫ ﺗﻢ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺪﻣﻰ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻬﺎ أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﺎ وﺑﻨﺎﺗﻬﺎ وأوﻻدﻫﺎ وﺣﺪﻳﺜﻲ اﻟﻮﻻدة‬.‫ اﻷم اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺪﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬:‫دﻣﻰ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ إرث ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﻮﺷﻜﺎ اﻧﺘﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺳﻴﺮﺟﻴﻒ‬،‫إﻏﻼق ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ أواﺧﺮ ﺗﺴﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
.‫ وﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ روﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﺘﻬﺮ ﺑﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻷﻟﻌﺎب ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‬،‫ﺑﻮﺳﺎد‬

2- The origin of Russian dolls is unknown. It is believed that Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were
inspired by the Honshu doll, named after (Q2) the main island of Japan where the first doll was
created. The doll is described as either a spherical, hollow daruma doll depicting a bald old
Buddhist monk or a Seven Lucky Gods nesting doll.
،Honshu ‫ ُﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن زﻓﻴﻮزدوﺗﺸﻜﻴﻦ وﻣﺎﻟﻴﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺣﻴﺎن ﻣﻦ دﻣﻴﺔ‬.‫ أﺻﻞ اﻟﺪﻣﻰ اﻟﺮوﺳﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوف‬-2
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺪﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ إﻣﺎ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﻢ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎء أول دﻣﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻌﺎ‬
ً ‫دﻣﻴﺔ داروﻣﺎ ﻛﺮوﻳﺔ ﻣﺠﻮﻓﺔ ﺗﺼﻮر راﻫًﺒﺎ ﺑﻮذًﻳﺎ ﻋﺠﻮًزا أﺻﻠ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The best title for the passage is _____ ____ ‫ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﻮ‬:1‫س‬
A. Russian Wooden Figures. .‫ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎت ﺧﺸﺒﻴﺔ روﺳﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: The dolls were first made in ____ ...‫ ﺗﻢ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﺪﻣﻰ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻓﻲ‬:٢‫س‬
C. Japan. .‫ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن‬.‫ج‬

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 🔪 ‫اﻟﺼﻴﺪ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Hunting is the practice of seeking, pursuing and capturing, or killing wildlife or feral
animals. People tend to over hunt animals for different purposes, but this causes a lot of
issues. Today, some types of animals are endangered. This means there are very few animals
of that kind left on Earth. The animals could face extinction. (Q1) When animal species go
extinct, they are gone forever, and this can cause a lot of issues.
‫ ﻳﻤﻴﻞ‬.‫ اﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ أو اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺔ وﻣﻄﺎردﺗﻬﺎ وأﺳﺮﻫﺎ أو ﻗﺘﻠﻬﺎ‬-1
،‫ اﻟﻴﻮم‬.‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬،‫اﻟﻨﺎس إﻟﻰ اﻹﻓﺮاط ﻓﻲ اﺻﻄﻴﺎد اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻷﻏﺮاض ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬
ً ‫ ﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﺒﻖ ﺳﻮى ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺟ‬.‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻣﻬﺪدة ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﺮاض‬
‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺨﺘﻔﻲ‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻘﺮض اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻮاﺟﻪ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻻﻧﻘﺮاض‬.‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض‬
.‫ وﻫﺬا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬،‫إﻟﻰ اﻷﺑﺪ‬

2- The most common reasons for people to kill animals are to remove predators dangerous
to humans or domestic animals and eliminate pests and nuisance animals that damage crops
or spread diseases. But even (Q2) killing these harmful animals is very dangerous as it affects
the food chain for all living creatures. Consider the food chain as all the plant and animal
species create intricate webs of wildlife, with all the species dependent on one another it
becomes important for our planet to survive and thrive.
‫ ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب ﺷﻴﻮًﻋﺎ ﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻫﻲ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﻮرة‬-2
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن أو اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ و اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﻓﺎت واﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺰﻋﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ أو ﺗﻨﺸﺮ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻀﺎرة أﻣﺮ ﺧﻄﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬.‫اﻷﻣﺮاض‬
‫ ﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرك اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ ﻷن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺨﻠﻖ ﺷﺒﻜﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻨﺎ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء‬،‫ ﻣﻊ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬،‫ﻣﻌﻘﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺔ‬
.‫واﻻزدﻫﺎر‬

125
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The pronoun “they” in paragraph (1) _____‫( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:1‫س‬
refers to _____
D. animal species. .‫ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q2: Killing harmful animals is bad because _____ ‫ ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻀﺎرة أﻣﺮ ﺳﻲء ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬:2‫س‬
_____
A. it affects the food chain. .‫ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

126
 🌱 ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants. What other plant would take
the football, rugby, hurling, bicycles, drought, flood, general abuse and be chopped back
constantly to the ground throughout the year. And through all this, it is pretty uncomplaining
and asking for very little if anything in return. Herbs are largely made of lignin which are
Herbs plant cells. (Q1) These cells are usually put under water pressure which makes the grass
strong and sturdy. That’s why herbs can make strong fibers and can be stepped on or torn
without dying quickly.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻵﺧﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻟﻌﺐ ﻛﺮة‬.‫اﻷﻋﺸﺎب ﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺪم واﻟﺮﺟﺒﻲ واﻟﻘﺬف واﻟﺪراﺟﺎت واﻟﺠﻔﺎف واﻟﻔﻴﻀﺎﻧﺎت واﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﻛﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار إﻟﻰ‬
‫ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻷﻋﺸﺎب إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ‬.‫ﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺟ‬،‫ وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا‬.‫اﻷرض ﻃﻮال اﻟﻌﺎم‬
‫ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﺸﺒﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻷﻋﺸﺎب‬.‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﺠﻨﻴﻦ وﻫﻲ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ أن اﻷﻋﺸﺎب ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺼﻨﻊ أﻟﻴﺎًﻓﺎ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺪوس ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ أو ﺗﻤﺰﻳﻘﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻗﻮﻳﺔ وﻣﺘﻴﻨﺔ‬
. ‫دون أن ﺗﻤﻮت ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Herbs are strong because their cells _______‫ اﻻﻋﺸﺎب ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻻن ﺧﻼﻳﺎﻫﺎ‬:1‫س‬
are_____
A. pressurized by water. .‫ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬.‫أ‬

127
 💡 ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Mr. Smith, who is in charge of the Department, announced (Q1) the launch of the new
program. Some people from the Department had some contradictory opinions regarding
that.
‫ وﻛﺎن ﻟﺪى ﺑﻌﺾ أﻓﺮاد اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة آراء‬.‫ إﻃﻼق اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬،‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬،‫أﻋﻠﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻤﻴﺚ‬
. ‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ ﺣﻴﺎل ذﻟﻚ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Some people had contradictory ‫ ﻟﺪى ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس آراء ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ‬:1‫س‬
opinions regarding ______ ______ ‫ﺑﺨﺼﻮص‬
A. the new program. .‫ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬.‫أ‬

128
 ‫ﺣﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﻌﻢ ⚖‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪When the well is dry, we know the worth of water.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻒ اﻟﺒﺌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﺮف ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺎء‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫______ ‪Q1: This sentence means‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ _______‬
‫‪B. when something is not available, we know‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺷﻲء ﻧﻌﺮف ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪its value.‬‬

‫‪129‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪرﺟﺎت اﻟﻨﺎرﻳﺔ 🏍‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Airplanes are not as dangerous as motorcycle.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺧﻄﻴﺮة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺪراﺟﺎت اﻟﻨﺎرﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫_____ ‪Q1: This sentence means‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ _____‬
‫‪B. airplanes are less dangerous than‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات أﻗﻞ ﺧﻄﻮرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺟﺎت اﻟﻨﺎرﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪motorcycles.‬‬

‫‪130‬‬
 ‫داﺧﻞ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل 🤓‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Look at the Photo. In Pairs, ask questions and answer them.‬‬
‫اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪ .‬ﻓﻲ أزواج‪ ،‬اﻃﺮح اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫______ ‪Q1: This text is found in a‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺺ ﻓﻲ _______‬
‫‪A. classroom.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﻔﺼﻮل‪.‬‬

‫‪131‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺸﺮح واﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ✏‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The contract will seek to define the client's obligations.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﻌﻰ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: the word “define” in paragraph means‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻋﺮف" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ﺗﻌﻨﻲ _____‬
‫_____‬
‫‪B. explain.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﺷﺮح‪.‬‬

‫‪132‬‬
 👑 ‫ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺳﺒﺄ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The Kingdom of Sheba is an ancient Arab kingdom. It was the most powerful tribal union in
ancient Yemen. (Q1) Balqis was the queen of the Kingdom of Sheba mentioned in the Bible and
the Qur’an. This woman is a source of pride for the Yemenis. Modern archaeological research
has proven beyond any doubt that the homeland of the Kingdom of Sheba was in Yemen,
although no trace of that queen has been found in it.
‫ ﺑﻠﻘﻴﺲ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺳﺒﺄ‬.‫ ﻛﺎن أﻗﻮى اﺗﺤﺎد ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻤﻦ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬.‫ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺳﺒﺄ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬
‫ أﺛﺒﺘﺖ اﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ‬.‫ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺨﺮ ﻟﻠﻴﻤﻨﻴﻴﻦ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﻘﺪس واﻟﻘﺮآن‬
.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد أﺛﺮ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬، ‫ﻳﺪع ﻣﺠﺎًﻻ ﻟﻠﺸﻚ أن ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺳﺒﺄ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻤﻦ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the best title for the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
D. Sheba and Balqis. .‫ ﺳﺒﺄ وﺑﻠﻘﻴﺲ‬.‫د‬

133
 💪 ‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Janet has a confident and strong character and she has no problem to express her views.
When she heard about the death of two citizens that resulted from the hospital staff’s
negligence, she asked in a forceful way for their arrest and trial.
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ﺑﻮﻓﺎة‬.‫ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺟﺎﻧﻴﺖ ﺑﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ واﺛﻘﺔ وﻗﻮﻳﺔ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ آراﺋﻬﺎ‬
.‫ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺖ ﺑﻘﻮﻳﺔ ان ﻳﺘﻢ اﻋﺘﻘﺎﻟﻬﻤﺎ وﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬،‫ﻣﻮاﻃﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ إﻫﻤﺎل ﻃﺎﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does the word (express) mean? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻳﻌﺒﺮ(؟‬:١ ‫س‬
A. explain .‫ ﺷﺮح‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What does the word (forceful) mean? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻗﻮة(؟‬:٢ ‫س‬
B. powerful .‫ ﺑﻘﻮة‬.‫ب‬

134
 🌭 ‫ﻫﻀﻢ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
When you eat, the food first enters your mouth. You chew and swallow the food. Next, it
enters your(Q1) stomach from which it moves down into your small intestines. Then, it passes
into your large intestines. Later, it gets out of your body when you go to the bathroom.
‫ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﺗﻚ وﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ أﻧﺖ ﺗﻤﻀﻎ وﺗﺒﺘﻠﻊ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬.‫ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻓﻤﻚ أوًﻻ‬،‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ‬
‫ ﻳﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴﻤﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ إﻟﻰ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻻﺣﻖ‬.‫ ﺛﻢ ﻳﻤﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﻌﺎء اﻟﻐﻠﻴﻈﺔ‬.‫إﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﻌﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎم‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Where does food immediately go after ‫ أﻳﻦ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻀﻎ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
being chewed?
A. stomach. .‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬.‫أ‬

135
 ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻫﻲ ☕‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Coffee shops are popular in (Q1) the Middle East, for example: in Egypt, Saudi Arabia,‬‬
‫‪Palestine, and the UAE. Growth is high and competition is fierce, but unlike most major‬‬
‫‪markets, cafés and coffee shop chains are both finding impressive growth.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ واﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ وﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﻦ واﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‪ .‬اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺷﺮﺳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ‬
‫ﻮا ﻣﺜﻴًﺮا ﻟﻺﻋﺠﺎب‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﺳﻮاق اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻫﻲ وﺳﻼﺳﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻤ ً‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: Based on the text, coffee shops are‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬وﻓﻘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺺ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﻮرة؟‬
‫?‪popular in‬‬
‫‪A. the Middle East.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ‪.‬‬

‫‪136‬‬
 ‫دﻳﻒ واﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة 🏅‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Dave is in (Q1) the three-student team that won an award.‬‬
‫دﻳﻒ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻃﻼب واﻟﺬي ﻓﺎز ﺑﺠﺎﺋﺰة‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: Who won the award‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎز ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة؟‬
‫‪B. a team of three students.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻃﻼب‪.‬‬

‫‪137‬‬
 👬 ‫دﻳﻒ وﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Dave and his childhood friend, Tommy, work at a construction site. They were in the final
stages of building a house. Tommy was about to paint the roof while Dave was fixing the
electric plugs. Tommy put the ladder to climb but because it was very old, he asked Dave to
hold it for him until he finished the ceiling. Dave looked at him and said “I’m sorry; can’t you
see (Q1) I am working?”, and he continued with fixing the plugs.
‫ ﻛﺎن ﺗﻮﻣﻲ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﻨﺰل‬.‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ دﻳﻒ وﺻﺪﻳﻖ ﻃﻔﻮﻟﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻨﺎء‬
‫ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﺼﻌﻮد وﻟﻜﻦ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ ﻃﻼء اﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن دﻳﻒ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺲ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻪ دﻳﻒ وﻗﺎل "أﻧﺎ آﺳﻒ؛ أﻻ‬.‫ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ دﻳﻒ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬،‫ﺪا‬ ً ‫ﻤﺎ ﺟ‬
ً ‫ﻧﻈًﺮا ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺪﻳ‬
.‫ واﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ إﺻﻼح اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺲ‬،"‫ﺗﺮى أﻧﺎ أﻋﻤﻞ؟‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What was Dave's response? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻛﺎن رد دﻳﻒ؟‬:١‫س‬
B. I’m working. .‫ أﻧﺎ أﻋﻤﻞ‬.‫ب‬

138
 📧 ‫اﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﻜﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Dear Mr. Saud,
This year, I struggled to take the class seriously because of the problems I was having at
home. You never gave up on me, and I want to thank you for being the best (Q1) teacher. I will
always remember your kindness and willingness to go the extra mile just for me.
،‫ﺳﻴﺪي ﺳﻌﻮد‬
.‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺎﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم ﻓﻲ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻨﺖ أواﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻟﻄﻔﻚ واﺳﺘﻌﺪادك ﻟﺒﺬل‬ً ‫ ﺳﺄﺗﺬﻛﺮ داﺋ‬.‫ وأود أن أﺷﻜﺮك ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻚ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‬،‫ﺪا‬
ً ‫أﻧﺖ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻲ أﺑ‬
.‫ﺟﻬﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who is the message addressed to? ‫ ﻟﻤﻦ ﺗﺘﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
B. his teacher ‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﻪ‬.‫ب‬

139
 ‫آدم ﻟﻴﺲ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﺈرﻳﻚ 🧍‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Adam is not as tall as Erich.‬‬
‫آدم ﻟﻴﺲ ﻃﻮﻳﻼ ﻛﺈرﻳﻚ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What do you understand from this sentence‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ؟‬
‫‪B. Erich is taller than Adam.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬إرﻳﻚ أﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ آدم‪.‬‬

‫‪140‬‬
 ‫ﺻﻮرة ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮﻳﺔ ⚠‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺒﻂء‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎن ﻟﻠﻌﺐ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What should drivers NOT do when they‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﺐ اﻻ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻘﻮن ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮون‬
‫?‪see this sign‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ؟‬
‫‪A. Drive fast.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪141‬‬
 📉 ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
This year, the Office of Admission and Registration at our university, with the help of the
professors, distributed a questionnaire to (Q1) the students to answer. The questionnaire aims
at studying the students’ academic activities and course participation.
‫ ﺑﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬،‫ ﻗﺎم ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل واﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬة‬،‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم‬
.‫ ﻳﻬﺪف اﻻﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎن إﻟﻰ دراﺳﺔ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻼب واﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎق‬.‫ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who should respond to the questionnaires? ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ ان ﻳﺠﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت؟‬:1‫س‬
B. the students ‫ اﻟﻄﻼب‬.‫ب‬

142
 🐧 ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Biologists in New Zealand are baffled by the sudden death of a large number of the world’s
rarest species of penguin. The loss represents around 15 per cent of all. Scientists’
examinations showed no sign of poisoning by heavy metals or pesticides, nor was there any
sign of a virus. (Q1)They still don’t know what killed the penguins. Whatever killed the birds
acted very quickly – in the eight hours they were at sea feeding on the day they died – and
most of the corpses recovered were near their home beaches.
‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﺣﻴﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﻮزﻳﻠﻨﺪا ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﺮة ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﻮت اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺊ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻧﺪر أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء أي ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬15 ‫ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺨﺴﺎرة ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬.‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫ ﻣﺎ زاﻟﻮا ﻻ‬.‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك أي ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮد ﻓﻴﺮوس‬،‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ أو ﻣﺒﻴﺪات اﻵﻓﺎت‬
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬- ‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺼﺮف ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬،‫ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻄﻴﻮر‬.‫ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮن ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﻖ‬
‫ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺠﺜﺚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر‬- ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻳﺘﻐﺬون ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺬي ﻣﺎﺗﻮا ﻓﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺷﻮاﻃﺊ ﻣﻮﻃﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What did the scientists discover about the ‫ ﻣﺎذا اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮت ﻃﻴﻮر‬:1 ‫س‬
death of penguins? ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﻖ؟‬
D. Scientists don't know what killed them. .‫ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮن ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺘﻠﻬﻢ‬.‫د‬

143
 ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮﻳﺔ ⚠‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻧﻪ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What do you understand from this‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ؟‬
‫?‪sentence sign‬‬
‫‪C. You can’t use the road.‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬

‫‪144‬‬
 🎓 ‫دﻋﻮة ﻟﺤﻔﻞ ﺗﺨﺮج‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A young lady went shopping for a dress, a bag and some shoes for her friend’s party but she
only had 500 riyals. She bought a dress and shoes which cost 450 riyals. What she had left
were 50 riyals. She was surprised to see a matching bag which (Q1) cost 7.99 riyals. She
couldn’t believe herself and bought it; she still had 42 riyals left.
‫ﺷﺎﺑﺔ ذﻫﺒﺖ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻮق ﻟﺸﺮاء ﻓﺴﺘﺎن وﺣﻘﻴﺒﺔ وﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﺤﻔﻠﺔ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺘﻬﺎ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺳﻮى‬
‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺟﺄت ﺑﺮؤﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺳﻌﺮﻫﺎ‬.‫ رﻳﺎﻻ‬٥٠ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬.‫ رﻳﺎًﻻ‬٤٥٠ ‫ اﺷﺘﺮت ﻓﺴﺘﺎﻧﴼ وﺣﺬاًء ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬.‫ رﻳﺎل‬٥٠٠
.‫ رﻳﺎﻻ ﻣﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬٤٢ ‫ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺼﺪق ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ واﺷﺘﺮﺗﻬﺎ؛ ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬.‫ رﻳﺎل‬٧.٩٩

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How much was the bag? ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎن ﺳﻌﺮ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﺒﺔ؟‬:١‫س‬
A. It was about 8 Riyals. .‫ رﻳﺎل‬8 ‫ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬.‫أ‬

145
 ‫ﺣﻴﻮان اﻟﻠﻴﻤﻮر 🦨‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Lemurs are mammals. They are divided into 8 families and consist of 15 genera, and around‬‬
‫‪100 existing species. They live only on Madagascar Island. (Q1) Long-tailed lemurs are the most‬‬
‫‪existing lemurs. They live on trees and are active at night.‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ ،‬وﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 100‬ﻧﻮع ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‪ .‬إﻧﻬﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻴﻤﻮر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺎت‪ .‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ ‪ 8‬ﻋﺎﺋﻼت وﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ‪ 15‬ﺟﻨ ً‬
‫ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة ﻣﺪﻏﺸﻘﺮ‪ .‬اﻟﻠﻴﻤﻮر ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺬﻳﻞ ﻫﻮ أﻛﺜﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻠﻴﻤﻮر اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‪ .‬ﻫﻢ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ رﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر وﻳﻨﺸﻄﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What does the pronoun "They" mean‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻢ"؟‬
‫‪D. long-tailed lemurs‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﻠﻴﻤﻮر ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺬﻳﻞ‬

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 🕋 ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺎج‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Hajj is the annual pilgrimage to Makah. The largest number of pilgrims from outside was (Q1)in
2010, with 1799601 pilgrims compared to 989798 pilgrims who were from inside Saudi
Arabia with a percentage of (Q2) 35%.
‫ ﻛﺎن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺎج ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬.‫ إﻧﻪ أﺣﺪ أﻛﺒﺮ أﺣﺪاث اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬.‫اﻟﺤﺞ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺞ اﻟﺴﻨﻮي إﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺔ‬
.٪35 ‫ ﺣﺎﺟﴼ ﻣﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬989798 ‫ ﺣﺎﺟﴼ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬1799601 ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ‬2010 ‫ﻋﺎم‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: In which year was the largest number of ‫ ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺎج‬:1 ‫س‬
pilgrims from outside Saudi Arabia? ‫اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ؟‬
C. 2010 2010 .‫ج‬

Q2: What was the percentage of pilgrims ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺣﺠﺎج ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ؟‬:2 ‫س‬
from inside the kingdom?
B. 35% ٪35 .‫ب‬

147
 ‫ﻣﺎدة اﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰي ‪📓 134‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪English 134‬‬
‫‪Pre- requirements: (Q1) English 133.‬‬
‫‪Content: (Q2) vocabulary, writing, grammar.‬‬
‫اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰي ‪134‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻘﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ‪.133‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻔﺮدات‪ ،‬اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: When are you allowed to take this class‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﺧﺬ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
‫‪A. When you complete English 133.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ إﺗﻤﺎم اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ‪.133‬‬

‫?‪Q2: What does this course teach‬‬ ‫س ‪ :2‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺪرس ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪورة؟‬
‫‪D. vocabulary, writing and grammar‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﻤﻔﺮدات‪ ،‬اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬

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 ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت 🧾‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪1. Small pizza= 15 riyals.‬‬
‫‪2. Rice and Meat= 20 riyals.‬‬
‫‪3. Cheese Sandwich and Pepsi= 12 riyals,‬‬
‫‪4. French Fries and Cola= 11 riyals.‬‬
‫‪5. (Q1) Chicken Sandwich= 9.5 riyals.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺘﺰا ﺻﻐﻴﺮة = ‪ 15‬رﻳﺎل‪.‬‬
‫أرز وﻟﺤﻢ = ‪ 20‬رﻳﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﻳﺶ ﺟﺒﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴﺒﺴﻲ = ‪ 12‬رﻳﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎﻃﺎ ﻣﻘﻠﻴﺔ وﻛﻮﻻ = ‪ 11‬رﻳﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﻳﺶ دﺟﺎج = ‪ 9.5‬رﻳﺎل‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: You have only 10 riyals, which of the‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ‪ 10‬رﻳﺎﻻت ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ؟‬
‫?‪meals can you buy‬‬
‫‪B. Chicken Sandwich‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﻳﺘﺶ دﺟﺎج‬

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 🧕🏼
‫أم ﻣﻨﺸﻐﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A mother of 3, Janet, has (Q1) a very busy routine. She wakes up at about 6 am to prepare her
children’s breakfast and lunch boxes. Then she wakes her children at about 6:30. During their
breakfast, she makes sure their bags are ready. When her kids finish their breakfast, she
helps them to get dressed. At about 7:30, she drives them to school. When she goes back
home, she starts some house work, She does the dishes, tidies the living room and (Q2)
washes the floor.
‫ﺣﺎ ﻹﻋﺪاد‬
ً ‫ ﺻﺒﺎ‬6 ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬.‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ روﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﺰدﺣﻢ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬،‫ وﻫﻲ أم ﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ أﻃﻔﺎل‬،‫ﺟﺎﻧﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ أن‬،‫ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻓﻄﺎر‬.6:30 ‫ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻮﻗﻆ أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬.‫وﺟﺒﺎت اﻹﻓﻄﺎر واﻟﻐﺪاء ﻷﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬.‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ارﺗﺪاء ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻬﻢ‬، ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ وﺟﺒﺔ اﻹﻓﻄﺎر‬.‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﺒﻬﻢ ﺟﺎﻫﺰة‬
‫ وﺗﻐﺴﻞ اﻷﻃﺒﺎق وﺗﺮﺗﺐ‬،‫ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬.‫ ﻧﻘﻠﺘﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬،7:30
.‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ وﺗﻐﺴﻞ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How is Janet? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻫﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﻴﺖ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
A. busy ‫ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻟﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: An example of housework? ‫ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ؟‬:2‫س‬

A. washing the floor ‫ ﻏﺴﻴﻞ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

150
 ✈ ‫وﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻔﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
We are a small company committed to giving you a creative and unforgettable experience
starting from our comfortable and safe fleet of (Q1) aircrafts. Relax, enjoy and leave the
planning to us! We offer (Q2) customized personalized tours experiences, completely catered
to your preferencess
‫ اﺳﺘﺮخ‬.‫ﻧﺤﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻣﻠﺘﺰﻣﺔ ﺑﻤﻨﺤﻚ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ إﺑﺪاﻋﻴﺔ ﻻ ُﺗﻨﺴﻰ ﺑﺪًءا ﻣﻦ أﺳﻄﻮل ﻃﺎﺋﺮاﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺢ واﻵﻣﻦ‬
.!‫ ﺗﻠﺒﻲ ﺗﻔﻀﻴﻼﺗﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫واﺳﺘﻤﺘﻊ واﺗﺮك اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻨﺎ! ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻘﺪم ﺗﺠﺎرب ﺟﻮﻻت ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: This travel agency offers journeys through ‫ ﺗﻘﺪم وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮﺣﻼت ﻋﺒﺮ؟‬:1‫س‬
_____
B. air. .‫ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What kind of services do they offer? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎ؟‬:2‫س‬
D. personalized services .‫ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬.‫د‬

151
 ‫ﻋﺰوﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺸﺎء 🍱‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Omar sent his friend, Ali, a letter in which he wrote, “Dear Ali, I would like to invite you to‬‬
‫‪dinner (Q1) Friday night. It would be great if you could come. Be sure to (Q2) reply before‬‬
‫‪tonight.‬‬
‫أرﺳﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺰﻳﺰي ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬أود أن أدﻋﻮك إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺸﺎء ﻳﻮم اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﺋﻊ أن ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﺣﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺟﻰ اﻟﺮد ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: When is dinner‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻣﺘﻰ اﻟﻌﺸﺎء؟‬
‫‪C. Friday night‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬

‫?‪Q2: What did Omar want Ali to do‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻣﺎذا أراد ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ أن ﻳﻔﻌﻞ؟‬
‫‪B. to reply‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻟﺮد‬

‫‪152‬‬
 🍾 ‫اﻟﺨﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A summary of a survey provided by the Vinegar Institute in 1989, characterizes the
production of vinegar by (Q1) food category in the U.S.A. Vinegar is durable and storable
almost for an unlimited period. Vinegar can also (Q2) make the helpful bacteria grow fast, so
we use it in making home yogurt.
‫ ﻳﺼﻒ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺨﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺌﺔ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت‬،1989 ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
‫ﻀﺎ أن ﻳﺠﻌﻞ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺨﻞ أﻳ‬.‫ اﻟﺨﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ وﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪودة‬،‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
.‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﺰﺑﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ‬،‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪة ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: what does the author consider vinegar to ‫ ﻣﺎذا اﻋﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺨﻞ؟‬:1‫س‬
be?
A. as food ‫ ﻏﺬاء‬.‫أ‬

Q2: How does vinegar help with bacteria? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﺎﻛﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ؟‬:٢‫س‬
B. grows helpful bacteria ‫ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻟﺒﺎﻛﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ‬.‫ب‬

153
 🔬 ‫اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺒﻨﺴﻠﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Undoubtedly, the discovery of penicillin is one of the biggest leaps in modern medicine.
Penicillin has saved many people. (Q1) Alexander Fleming, a Scottish physician, was the
inventor of penicillin. This led to Fleming being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine in 1945, along with Howard Florey and Ernest Chain. Penicillin was discovered in
1928 by accident. Fleming’s discovery in September 1928 marked a new century in the world
of modern antibiotics.
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ أﻧﻘﺬ اﻟﺒﻨﺴﻠﻴﻦ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ﻻ ﺷﻚ أن اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺒﻨﺴﻠﻴﻦ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻛﺒﺮ اﻟﻘﻔﺰات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ أدى ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺼﻮل ﻓﻠﻴﻤﻨﺞ‬.‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ اﻻﺳﻜﺘﻠﻨﺪي أﻟﻜﺴﻨﺪر ﻓﻠﻴﻤﻨﺞ ﻣﺨﺘﺮع اﻟﺒﻨﺴﻠﻴﻦ‬،‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬
،‫ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻫﻮارد ﻓﻠﻮري وإرﻧﺴﺖ ﺗﺸﻴﻦ‬،1945 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء أو اﻟﻄﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
‫ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬1928 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ‬Fleming ‫ ﻛﺎن اﻛﺘﺸﺎف‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ‬1928 ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺒﻨﺴﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who discovered Penicillin? ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﺒﻨﺴﻠﻴﻦ؟‬:١‫س‬
A. Alexander Fleming. .‫ أﻟﻜﺴﻨﺪر ﻓﻠﻴﻤﻨﺞ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What was not mentioned in the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:2‫س‬
A. A group at Harvard University under the ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻫﺎرﻓﺎرد ﺗﺤﺖ إﺷﺮاف‬.‫أ‬
supervision of Alexander Fleming helped him. .‫أﻟﻜﺴﻨﺪر ﻓﻠﻴﻤﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻋﺪه‬

154
 ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮﻳﺔ ⚠‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪No swimmers beyond this point. It is not allowed to children. Stop if you cannot swim. It is‬‬
‫)‪(Q1‬‬
‫‪not allowed to go further.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل‪ .‬ﺗﻮﻗﻒ إذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺴﻤﻮ ً‬
‫ﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺳﺒﺎﺣﻮن ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺴﻤﻮ ً‬
‫أن ﺗﺬﻫﺐ أﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1. What does the warning notice above‬‬ ‫س ‪ .1‬ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ إﺷﻌﺎر اﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ أﻋﻼه؟‬
‫?‪mean‬‬
‫‪A. People who can't swim must stop by this‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮن‬
‫‪point.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪155‬‬
 🤵🏻‫♂ج‬
‫دﻋﻮة زوا‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
We, Mr. and Mrs. John L. Smith, request the pleasure of your presence at the marriage of
(Q1)our son Michael to Marie Thompson on Saturday, the 17th of May At six o’clock in the
evening, Plaza Hotel, New York.
‫ ﻳﻮم‬،‫ ﻳﺴﻌﺪﻧﺎ ﺣﻀﻮرﻛﻢ ﺣﻔﻞ زﻓﺎف اﺑﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻜﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎري ﺛﻮﻣﺒﺴﻮن‬،‫ ﺳﻤﻴﺚ‬.‫اﻟﺴﻴﺪ واﻟﺴﻴﺪة ﺟﻮن ل‬
.‫ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻨﺪق اﻟﺒﻼزا‬،‫ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ﻣﺴﺎء‬،‫ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ أﻳﺎر‬،‫اﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who is inviting people to this ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺪﻋﻮ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺤﻔﻞ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
ceremony?
A. the groom's family. ‫ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﺮﻳﺲ‬.‫أ‬

156
 ‫اﻷﻧﻔﻠﻮﻧﺰا 🤧‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪(Q1)Less‬‬ ‫‪is known about the cause of the common cold than the many serious diseases.‬‬
‫ﻻ ُﻳﻌﺮف ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻧﺰﻻت اﻟﺒﺮد إﻻ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺮف ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺮة‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What do you understand from this‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻬﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة؟‬
‫?‪phrase‬‬
‫‪A. We know less about the causes of the cold‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻌﺮف ﻋﻦ أﺳﺒﺎب ﻧﺰﻻت اﻟﺒﺮد أﻗﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ‬
‫‪than we know about other diseases.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻷﺧﺮى‪.‬‬

‫‪157‬‬
 📚 ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻣﻴﺲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A dictionary is a collection of words in one or more specific languages, often listed
alphabetically with the words’ usage and definitions. Some books have words in one
language with their meanings in another. (Q1) Students must think about how to choose a
dictionary that fits their purpose. They should also learn how to use a dictionary. But still the
best way to learn English is to guess the meaning of the word and (Q2) use less dictionary.
‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻼب اﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة أو أﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﺗﺰال أﻓﻀﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬.‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺨﺘﺎرون وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‬.‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻏﺮﺿﻚ‬
.‫ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ واﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﺎﻣﻮس أﻗﻞ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The pronoun “they” refers to? ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻰ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
A. students ‫ اﻟﻄﻼب‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What is the best way to learn English? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﺶ؟‬:٢‫س‬
A. use less dictionaries. .‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻣﻮس‬.‫أ‬

158
 🐟 ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎك‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Fish come in different colours and shapes. They take (Q1) oxygen from the water they swim in.
They take it with gills. Fish scientists are called Ichthyologist. They are expected to discover
new (Q2) species of fish in the coming years.
.‫ وﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ اﻷﺳﻤﺎك اﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎء؟ ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻴﺎﺷﻴﻢ‬.‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎك ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﺄﻟﻮان وأﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻔﻮا أﻧﻮاﻋﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻤﺎك ﻓﻲ‬.Ichthyologist ‫وﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﺳﻤﺎك اﺳﻢ‬
.‫اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does the pronoun “it” refers to? ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻮ"؟‬:1‫س‬
A. oxygen ‫ اﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What does the passage talk about? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة؟‬:2‫س‬
A. Kinds or types of fish ‫ أﻧﻮاع اﻷﺳﻤﺎك‬.‫أ‬

159
 🪵 ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Wood is a fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody
plants. Some(Q1) trees have great wood. They are cut for their timber.
‫ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﺑﻌﺾ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﺑﻨﻴﻮي ﻟﻴﻔﻲ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﻘﺎن وﺟﺬور اﻷﺷﺠﺎر واﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
.‫ ﻗﻄﻌﻮا ﻷﺧﺸﺎﺑﻬﻢ‬.‫اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺸﺐ راﺋﻊ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The pronoun (they) refers to? ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ )ﻫﻢ( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻰ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
C. trees. .‫ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر‬.‫ج‬

160
 🪪 ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻋﻼن ﻣﺰارع‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
I am Jack. I am looking for a job as (Q1) a gardener in a nearby garden. I have 23 years of
experience in the gardening field. Those who are interested may call me on 0709923090, (Q2)
5:00 - 10:00 P.M. from Sunday through Thursday.
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬،‫ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺒﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺒﺴﺘﻨﺔ‬23 ‫ ﻟﺪي‬،‫أﻧﺎ ﺟﺎك أﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬
.‫ م ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﺪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬10:00 - 5:00 ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬0709923090 ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻦ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Where does Jack prefer to work? ‫ أﻳﻦ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺟﺎك ان ﻳﻌﻤﻞ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
A. in a garden ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: When can employers call Jack? ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺠﺎك؟‬:2‫س‬
D. between 5:00 and 10:00 in the afternoon ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬10:00 ‫ و‬5:00 ‫ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬.‫د‬

161
 🖋 ‫اﻟﻘﻠﻢ اﻟﻀﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
I've (Q1) lost a pen in a public place. Who finds it will get a reward of 500 SR.? The pen means
a lot to me because it was (Q2) a gift from my father. You may call this number if you find it:
0888900660, Ali Ahmad.
‫ اﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬.‫ رﻳﺎل ﺳﻌﻮدي‬500 ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻔﻪ ﺳﻴﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺄة ﻗﺪرﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﻘﺪت ﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﺎم‬
.‫ ﻋﻠﻲ أﺣﻤﺪ‬،0888900660 :‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺮﻗﻢ إذا وﺟﺪﺗﻪ‬.‫ﻟﻲ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ واﻟﺪي‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the kind of the advertisement? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮع اﻻﻋﻼن؟‬:1 ‫س‬
A. missing-items advertisement .‫ اﻋﻼن ﻣﻔﻘﻮدات‬.‫أ‬

Q2: Why did Ali like that pen? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا أﺣﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻘﻠﻢ؟‬:2 ‫س‬
C. It was a gift from his father. .‫ ﻛﺎن ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ واﻟﺪه‬.‫ج‬

162
 💰 ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
As capitalism strengthens individual ownership, it reduces public property. Karl Marx has
written many books but his book, Communist Manifesto, which he wrote with(Q1) Friedrich
Engels in 1848, emphasized the importance of class struggle in every historical society, and
the dangerous instability capitalism created.
،‫ ﻛﺎرل ﻣﺎرﻛﺲ ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬.‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬،‫ﺑﻤﺎ أن اﻟﺮأﺳﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺰز اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ‬
‫ أﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﺮاع اﻟﻄﺒﻘﻲ‬،1848 ‫ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺮﻳﺪرﻳﻚ إﻧﺠﻠﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬،‫ اﻟﺒﻴﺎن اﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻲ‬،‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬
.‫ وﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي أوﺟﺪﺗﻪ اﻟﺮأﺳﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Karl Marx wrote about communism :‫ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﺎرﻛﺲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬:1‫س‬
with? ‫ اﻧﺠﻠﺰ‬.‫ب‬
B. Engels

163
 ‫ﻋﺮض وﻇﻴﻔﻲ 📑‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪1- Riyadh, Engineers (Q1) Fluent in English and Spanish, Minimum Bachelor’s degree, Saudi,‬‬
‫‪Minimum 5 years of experience.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎض‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻮن‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﻴﺪون اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ واﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﻮس‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻮدي اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺒﺮة ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ 5‬ﺳﻨﻮات‪.‬‬

‫‪2- Jeddah, Teachers Fluent in English and French, Minimum Master's degree, Minimum 3‬‬
‫‪years of experience, Saudi.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺟﺪة‪ :‬ﻣﺪرﺳﻮن‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﻴﺪون اﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻦ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ واﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ ﺑﺤﺪ أدﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺧﺒﺮة ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ 3‬ﺳﻨﻮات‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻌﻮدي اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪3- Dammam, Managers, Saudi, fluent in English and French, Minimum Bachelor’s degree,‬‬
‫‪Saudi.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﺪﻣﺎم‪ ،‬ﻣﺪراء ﺳﻌﻮدﻳﻮن‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﻴﺪون اﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻦ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ واﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ أدﻧﻰ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺒﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﻮس‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻮدي‬
‫اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What was required for all jobs‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ؟‬
‫‪A. Saudi and fluent in English.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺳﻌﻮدي ﻳﺠﻴﺪ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q2: What wasn't mentioned in the job‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬
‫?‪offer‬‬
‫‪D. the salary‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﺮاﺗﺐ‬

‫‪164‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮﻳﺔ ⚠‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Quiet Please.‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎء اﻟﻬﺪوء‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫_____ ‪Q1: Don’t be‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن _____‬
‫‪A. loud.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻋﺎل اﻟﺼﻮت‪.‬‬

‫‪165‬‬
 🏝 ‫ﻣﻮرﻳﺸﻴﻮس‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
According to the history of Mauritius, Arab sailors were the first to discover the island and
called it (Q2) Dunia Al-Orouba. Then, the Portuguese visited and discovered Mauritius in the
16th century. The Portuguese took no interest in that isolated island, though. In 1638, the
Dutch established a settlement in Mauritius and abandoned that island in 1710.
‫ ﺛﻢ‬.‫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﺤﺎرة اﻟﻌﺮب أول ﻣﻦ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة وأﻃﻠﻘﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ دﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﻌﺮوﺑﺔ‬،‫وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻮرﻳﺸﻴﻮس‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻬﺘﻤﻮا ﺑﺘﻠﻚ‬.‫زار اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻮن ﻣﻮرﻳﺸﻴﻮس واﻛﺘﺸﻔﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ أﺳﺲ اﻟﻬﻮﻟﻨﺪﻳﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮرﻳﺸﻴﻮس وﺗﺨﻠﻮا ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة‬،1638 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻤﻌﺰوﻟﺔ‬
.1710 ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The island refers to? ‫ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ؟‬:١‫س‬
C. Mauritius ‫ ﻣﻮرﻳﺸﻴﻮس‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What did the Arabs call it? ‫ ﻣﺎذا أﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺮب؟‬:٢‫س‬
C. Dunia Al Oruba ‫ دﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﻌﺮوﺑﺔ‬.‫ج‬

166
 🤕 ‫ﺣﺎدث ﺳﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
While Ali Al-Salem was driving to the university, he had a (Q1) terrible accident. He underwent
physiotherapy sessions and fortunately he was able to move his right hand after (Q2) 10
months and his left hand after 8 months.
‫ ﺧﻀﻊ ﻟﺠﻠﺴﺎت ﻋﻼج ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ وﻗﺪ ﺧﻀﻊ‬.‫ ﺗﻌﺮض ﻟﺤﺎدث ﻣﺮوع‬،‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻘﻮد ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻢ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
.. ‫ أﺷﻬﺮ‬8 ‫ أﺷﻬﺮ وﻳﺪه اﻟﻴﺴﺮى ﺑﻌﺪ‬10 ‫ﻟﺠﻠﺴﺎت ﻋﻼج ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ وﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺤﻆ اﺳﺘﻄﺎع ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻳﺪه اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why did Ali have this problem in his ‫ ﻟﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻲ واﺟﻪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ؟‬:١‫س‬
hands?
B. a traffic accident ‫ ﺣﺎدث ﻣﺮوري‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Ali was able to move his hands after .‫ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ _____ ﺷﻬًﺮا‬:٢‫س‬
_____ months.
B. 10. ١٠ .‫ب‬

167
 📨 ‫اﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬
٤٥
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
From: Mohammad
To: Hamad
Date: March 7
Subject: Preparation for a Meeting
Dear Hamad,
Please prepare for the next meeting. (Q1) You were late for yesterday’s meeting so make sure
to come early this time. Also, bring with you the papers that you left on the desk in (Q2)
yesterday's meeting, March 6.
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬:‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﺣﻤﺪ‬:‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ ﻣﺎرس‬7 :‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬
‫ ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬
،‫ﻋﺰﻳﺰي ﺣﻤﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﺬا ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻫﺎب ﻟﻼﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬،‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺄﺧﺮت ﻓﻲ ﺣﻀﻮرك اﺟﺘﻤﺎع أﻣﺲ‬.‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎء اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻟﻼﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﻘﺎدم‬
.‫ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎرس‬،‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﻌﻚ اﻷوراق اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻷﻣﺲ‬ ً ‫ أﺣﻀﺮ أﻳ‬،‫ﻣﺒﻜًﺮا‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Mohammed was angry with his secretary, _____.‫ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺮﺗﻴﺮه ﺣﻤﺪ ﻷن‬:1‫س‬
Hamad, because _____
B. He arrived late for yesterday's meeting. .‫ وﺻﻞ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮا إﻟﻰ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻷﻣﺲ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: When was the last meeting? ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻛﺎن اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻷﺧﻴﺮ؟‬:2‫س‬
B. the day before the message or email ‫ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻠﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ أو اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬.‫ب‬

168
 🔪 ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﻜﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A police officer was doing his job one day, trying to catch a criminal. However, the criminal
attacked him and (Q1) stabbed him with a knife. The police were injured and taken to the
hospital to be treated.
‫ ﻫﺎﺟﻤﻪ‬،‫ رﻏﻢ أﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﺑﺤﻮزﺗﻪ ﻣﺴﺪس‬.‫ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻪ ذات ﻳﻮم ﻣﺤﺎوًﻻ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺮم‬
.‫ أﺻﻴﺐ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ وﻧﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻌﻼج‬.‫اﻟﻤﺠﺮم وﻃﻌﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻜﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What weapon did the criminal use to ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﻼح اﻟﺬي اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ اﻟﻤﺠﺮم ﻟﻄﻌﻦ‬:١‫س‬
stab the policeman? ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﻲ؟‬
A. a Knife ‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ‬.‫أ‬

169
 🧠 ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ واﻟﺤﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system. It controls the things we choose
to do. The brain receives the message from anywhere in the body and (Q1) tells the body how
to react. For example, if you touch a hot stove, the nerves in your skin shoot a message of
pain to your brain. The spinal cord transmits these messages to the brain which reacts
withing fractions of a second. However, when (Q2) you are sleeping, these messages stop.
.‫ ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ واﻟﺤﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‬
‫ إذا ﻟﻤﺴﺖ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫ﻳﺘﻠﻘﻰ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ أي ﻣﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ وﻳﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ ﻫﺬه‬.‫ ﻓﺈن اﻷﻋﺼﺎب اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﺪك ﺗﺮﺳﻞ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ أﻟﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﻚ‬،‫ﺪا ﺳﺎﺧًﻨﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻣﻮﻗ‬
.‫ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ً ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻧﺎﺋ‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why do we lift our hand when we ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻧﺮﻓﻊ أﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻠﻤﺲ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﻨﺎ؟‬:١‫س‬
touch something hot?
B. The brain gives the order. .‫ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻤﺦ اﻻواﻣﺮ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: When does the brain stop receiving ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ‬:٢‫س‬
messages from the spinal cord? ‫اﻟﻨﺨﺎع اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ؟‬
C. at bed time ‫ وﻗﺖ اﻟﻨﻮم‬.‫ج‬

170
 🏦 ‫ﺑﻨﻚ اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Professor Muhammad Younis is a former professor of economics at Chittagong University,
one of the largest universities in Bangladesh, the founder of Grameen Bank and a 2006-
Nobel-Peace-Prize laureate. He later founded Grameen Bank (Q1) because he found that the
traditional banks failed to help the poor.
‫ إﺣﺪى أﻛﺒﺮ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ﻓﻲ‬،‫ اﻟﺒﺮوﻓﻴﺴﻮر ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ أﺳﺘﺎذ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﻴﺘﺎﻏﻮﻧﻎ‬-١
‫ أﺳﺲ ﻻﺣًﻘﺎ ﺑﻨﻚ ﺟﺮاﻣﻴﻦ ﻷﻧﻪ‬.2006 ‫ وﻣﺆﺳﺲ ﺑﻨﻚ ﺟﺮاﻣﻴﻦ واﻟﺤﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺴﻼم ﻟﻌﺎم‬،‫ﺑﻨﻐﻼدﻳﺶ‬
.‫وﺟﺪ أن اﻟﺒﻨﻮك اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﺸﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء‬

2- Although he had no prior experience in managing banks, he founded Grameen Bank to

help the poor and not for major investors. Younus almost has lent money to women. Because
women were the majority of the poor and they were able to improve the wellbeing of all
family members more easily and more successfully than men.
‫ إﻻ أﻧﻪ أﺳﺲ ﺑﻨﻚ ﺟﺮاﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء وﻟﻴﺲ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺧﺒﺮة ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ إدارة اﻟﺒﻨﻮك‬-٢
‫ ﻷن اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻳﺸﻜﻠﻦ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء وﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻗﺎدرﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ ﻛﺎد ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻳﻘﺮض اﻟﻤﺎل ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎء‬.‫ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﺣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‬
ً ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ رﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻓﺮاد اﻷﺳﺮة ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ وأﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺠﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What do you understand from the first ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻬﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ؟‬:١‫س‬
paragraph?
B. Traditional banks failed to help the poor. .‫ ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What did Professor Mohammed ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮاء؟‬:2‫س‬
Younus do for the poor?
C. helped them. .‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻫﻢ‬.‫ج‬

171
 🏔 ‫اﻟﺠﺒﺎل واﻟﺴﻬﻮل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A mountain is a natural rise of the Earth's surface that usually has a summit. It is usually
steeper and (Q1) taller than a hill. Mountains cover (Q2) one-fifth of the earth’s land surface and
occur in 75 % of the world’s countries.
‫ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ‬.‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺤﺪاًرا وأﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ ﺗﻞ‬.‫اﻟﺠﺒﻞ ﻫﻮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻷرض وﻟﻪ ﻋﺎدة ﻗﻤﺘﻪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻦ دول اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬٪75 ‫اﻟﺠﺒﺎل ﺧﻤﺲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the difference between ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻼل واﻟﺠﺒﺎل؟‬:1 ‫س‬
mountains and hills?
A. Hills are lower than mountains. .‫ اﻟﺘﻼل أﻗﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل‬.‫أ‬

Q2: How much do mountains cover of land ‫ ﻛﻢ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض؟‬:٢‫س‬
surface?
B. 20%. .٪20 .‫ب‬

172
 ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺪة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻴﻮم 📰‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Today’s World‬‬
‫‪Cover stories‬‬ ‫‪1- 14‬‬
‫‪National News‬‬ ‫‪14-24‬‬
‫‪Economy & Trad‬‬ ‫‪(Q1)24-31‬‬
‫‪World News‬‬ ‫‪31-41‬‬
‫‪Entertainment‬‬ ‫‪(Q2)41-45‬‬
‫‪Sports‬‬ ‫‪46-54‬‬
‫‪(Q3)Editorial‬‬ ‫‪56-60‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻴﻮم‬
‫‪14 - 1‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺺ اﻟﻐﻼف‬
‫‪24- 14‬‬ ‫أﺧﺒﺎر وﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪31-24‬‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد واﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬
‫‪31-41‬‬ ‫أﺧﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫‪45-41‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫‪54-46‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬
‫‪60-56‬‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: On which page range would you find‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻓﻲ أي ﻧﻄﺎق ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت ﺳﺘﺠﺪ ﺳﻌﺮ‬
‫?‪stocks’ rate‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻬﻢ؟‬
‫‪C. 24-31‬‬ ‫ج‪31-24 .‬‬

‫‪Q2: Which page is most likely to have‬‬ ‫س ‪ :٢‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﺟﺢ‬
‫?‪information about a new movie‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ؟‬
‫‪D. 45‬‬ ‫د‪45 .‬‬

‫'‪Q3: Which section should have editors‬‬ ‫س ‪ :3‬أي ﻗﺴﻢ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ آراء اﻟﻤﺤﺮرﻳﻦ‬
‫?‪opinions regarding published books‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮرة؟‬
‫‪A. editorial‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬

‫‪173‬‬
 🧐 ‫ أﻋﻈﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت‬٣
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- There have been many inventions and discoveries that were made by mankind. These
discoveries were made a long time ago.
‫ ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاء ﻫﺬه اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻨﺬ‬.‫ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت واﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬-1
.‫وﻗﺖ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬

2- Fire is the first of these discoveries. It has changed the life of humans. It has also helped
them eat, build and destroy.
.‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻛﻞ واﻟﺒﻨﺎء واﻟﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮ‬.‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻏﻴﺮت ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬.‫ اﻟﻨﺎر ﻫﻲ أول ﻫﺬه اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت‬-2

3- The second discovery is the wheel. Humans tamed it for many uses. Although this
discovery seems harmless, it is as destructive as fire.
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻫﺬا‬.‫ ﻗﺎم اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺑﺘﺮوﻳﻀﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬.‫ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ‬-3
.‫ إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻣﺪﻣﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻨﺎر‬،‫اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻳﺒﺪو ﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺎر‬

4- The last discovery is Writing. This taught humans how to record all their history. It helped
us learn from the past and build and improve it.
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻬﻢ‬.‫ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬-4
.‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ وﺑﻨﺎءه وﺗﺤﺴﻴﻨﻪ‬

174
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: the word “mankind” means ____ ____ ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﺸﺮ" ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬:1 ‫س‬
D. human beings. ‫ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬.‫د‬

Q2: The greatest discoveries of history were ____ ‫ ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاء أﻋﻈﻢ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬:2 ‫س‬
made ____
A. a long time ago. ‫ ﻣﻨﺬ وﻗﺖ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: The word “tamed” means ____ ____ ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺮوﻳﺾ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬:3 ‫س‬
A. controlled. ‫ اﻟﺨﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What was NOT considered a destructive ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻗﻮة ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ‬:4 ‫س‬
power in the passage? ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬
C. writing. ‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬.‫ج‬

175
 📒 ‫ﻧﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Ali speaks nine languages. He has some great ideas to learn a new language. They will be
(Q1)
very helpful if you decide to learn a new language. Here they are as Ali said them:
‫ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﻴﺪة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ إذا ﻗﺮرت‬.‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﺮاﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬.‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻟﻐﺎت‬
:‫ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﻟﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ‬.‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬

1- Know your motivation.

.‫ ﺗﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ دواﻓﻌﻚ‬-1

2- Find A Partner. It can help you master it by practicing speaking with him.
.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪك ﻋﻠﻰ إﺗﻘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻣﻌﻪ‬.‫ اﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬-2

3- Have Fun with It. Try to make jokes and pranks in the language you are learning.
.‫ ﺣﺎول ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻜﺎت واﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ‬.‫ اﺳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻬﺎ‬-3

4- Act like a child. (Q3) I mean that you shouldn’t worry about other people as you make
mistakes. Make as many mistakes as you want and learn from them.
‫ ارﺗﻜﺐ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬.‫ أﻋﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﺄن اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ وأﻧﺖ ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺐ أﺧﻄﺎء‬.‫ ﺗﺼﺮف ﻛﺎﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬-4
.‫وﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬

5- Listen to others and learn. Without listening to how others speak you will not be able to
pronounce the word correctly as natives do.
‫ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻄﻖ‬،‫ ﺑﺪون اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع إﻟﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﻬﺎ اﻵﺧﺮون‬.‫ اﺳﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻶﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬-5
.‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﻷﺻﻠﻴﻮن‬

176
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: the ideas in the passage are given by a ‫ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬:1 ‫س‬
person who ____ ____ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬
C. speaks many languages. .‫ ﻳﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬.‫ج‬

Q2: “They” in the passage refer to ____ ____ ‫ "ﻫﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬:2 ‫س‬
A. ideas ‫ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر‬.‫أ‬

Q3: Learning like children means that ____ ____ ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن‬:3 ‫س‬
C. you DON’T worry about other people. .‫ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﺄن اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ج‬

Q4: the underlined word “pronounce” means ‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻄﻖ" اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ‬:4 ‫س‬
_____
B. speak ‫ اﻟﻜﻼم‬.‫ب‬

177
 ⚡ ‫اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Colonialism is a practice or policy of control by one person or power over other people or
areas, often by establishing colonies and generally with the aim of economic dominance. (Q1)
Colonial rulers then controlled all the economy of the colonized people and this was mostly
done by the British and other governments. These great powers controlled and benefited
from this and expanded their dominance.
‫ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر ﻫﻮ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ أو ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ واﺣﺪ أو ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﺨﺎص أو ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬-1
‫ ﺛﻢ ﺳﻴﻄﺮ اﻟﺤﻜﺎم‬.‫ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮات وﺑﻬﺪف اﻟﻬﻴﻤﻨﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم‬،‫أﺧﺮى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮون ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﺸﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮ وﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
.‫ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﺳﻴﻄﺮت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا وﺗﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ووﺳﻌﺖ ﻫﻴﻤﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬.‫واﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‬

2- Although this was beneficial for the powers, it was very bad for the colonized people. One
of the biggest issues was (Q2) the poverty they faced. It was then solved as globalization came
to light. This made every inhumane treatment they were receiving come to the public. (Q3)
The culture that was drawing a line between the rich and poor was demolished as it
contradicted the moral ethics of any human being. With this the colonialism was reduced to
its minimum.
‫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻘﺮ اﻟﺬي‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻫﺬا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻔﻴﺪﴽ ﻟﻠﻘﻮى إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﺳﻴﺌﴼ ﺟﺪﴽ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﻮب اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮة‬-2
‫ ﻫﺬا ﺟﻌﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ إﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬.‫ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻢ ﺣﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ‬.‫ﻳﻮاﺟﻬﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ أﻛﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬
‫ ﺗﻢ ﻫﺪم اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺮﺳﻢ ﺧﻄﴼ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎء واﻟﻔﻘﺮاء ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﺎرض ﻣﻊ‬.‫ﻳﺘﻠﻘﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮر‬
.‫ وﺑﻬﺬا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ‬.‫اﻷﺧﻼق اﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ ﻷي إﻧﺴﺎن‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: “Great powers” refers to _____ _____ ‫ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ "اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ" إﻟﻰ‬:1 ‫س‬
A. colonial rulers ‫ اﻟﺤﻜﺎم اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎرﻳﻴﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What solved poverty? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ؟‬:2 ‫س‬

C. globalization .‫ اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: What is wrong according to moral ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺧﻼق؟‬:3 ‫س‬

ethics?
A. the line between the rich and the poor ‫ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻐﻨﻲ واﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮ‬.‫أ‬

178
 🌆 ‫ﺗﻤﺒﻜﺘﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Timbuktu is a city in the western African country of Mali, situated at the southern edge of the
Sahara, 20 kilometres (12 miles) north of the Niger River which is the main river that links
most of West Africa. It has headwaters in the highlands close to the Atlantic coast before its
long 3,200 kilometres (2,000 miles) journey to the north east. The river runs in a crescent
through African countries like Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through
Nigeria, before it goes back to the west into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean.
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ وﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺮاء‬،‫ﺗﻤﺒﻜﺘﻮ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ دوﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﻴًﻠﺎ( ﺷﻤﺎل ﻧﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﻴﺠﺮ وﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﻬﺮ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻏﺮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬12) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘًﺮا‬20 ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬3200 ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎت اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻷﻃﻠﺴﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ رﺣﻠﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﺮ اﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﻼل ﻋﺒﺮ دول أﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﻨﻴﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻞ( إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ‬2000)
.‫ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﻌﻮد ﻏﺮًﺑﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻏﻴﻨﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻷﻃﻠﺴﻲ‬،‫اﻟﺤﺪود ﻣﻊ ﺑﻨﻴﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻧﻴﺠﻴﺮﻳﺎ‬

The town, Timbuktu, is the capital of the Tombouctou Region, one of the eight administrative
regions of Mali. It is especially important as it links the west of Africa to its north. It had a
population of 54,453 in the 2009 census. The riches of the kingdom were due to
Tombouctou's position as the southern terminus of the trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt, kola
nuts, copper, and slaves. Today it is very poor. Both droughts and floods consistently
threaten the city.
‫ إﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ‬.‫ وﻫﻲ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ إدارﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﻤﺒﻜﺘﻮ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﻮﻣﺒﻮﻛﺘﻮ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻮد ﺛﺮوات‬.2009 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻋﺎم‬54453 ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬.‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﻏﺮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﻮﻣﺒﻮﻛﺘﻮ ﻛﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎرة ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬﻫﺐ واﻟﻤﻠﺢ وﺟﻮز اﻟﻜﻮﻻ‬
.‫ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻔﺎف واﻟﻔﻴﻀﺎﻧﺎت ﻳﻬﺪدان اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬.‫ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻫﻮ ﻓﻘﻴﺮ ﺟﺪا‬.‫واﻟﻨﺤﺎس واﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why is the Niger River important? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻧﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﻴﺠﺮ؟‬:1‫س‬
A. It links most of west Africa. .‫ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻏﺮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What does the river connect? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﺑﻄﻪ اﻟﻨﻬﺮ؟‬:٢‫س‬

B. Africa to the Gulf of Guinea across the ‫ ﻣﻦ أﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻏﻴﻨﻴﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻷﻃﻠﺴﻲ‬.‫ب‬
Atlantic.

Q3: Why is Timbuktu an important city? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﻤﺒﻜﺘﻮ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ؟‬:٣‫س‬

D. It connects north and west Africa. .‫ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺷﻤﺎل وﻏﺮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬.‫د‬

Q4: The underlined pronoun, it, refers to? ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ؟‬:4‫س‬
C. Timbuktu ‫ ﺗﻤﺒﻜﺘﻮ‬.‫ج‬

179
 📑 ‫أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Some years ago, a college professor took a well-organized speech and scrambled it by
randomly changing the order of its sentences. He then had a speaker deliver the original
version to one group of listeners and the scrambled version to another group. After the
speeches, he gave a test to see how well each group understood what they had heard. Not
surprisingly, the group that heard the original, unscrambled presentation scored much higher
than the other group.
‫ﺪا وداﻓﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
ً ‫ﻤﺎ ﺟﻴ‬
ً ‫ أﺧﺬ أﺳﺘﺎذ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺧﻄﺎًﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﻈ‬،‫ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﻀﻊ ﺳﻨﻮات‬-١
‫ ﺛﻢ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺛﻴﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﻌﻴﻦ واﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬.‫ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻲ‬
‫ ﻟﻴﺲ‬.‫ أﺟﺮى اﺧﺘﺒﺎًرا ﻟﻴﺮى ﻣﺪى ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺳﻤﻌﻮه‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺨﻄﺐ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أﺧﺮى‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻐﺮب أن اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﻤﻌﺖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮض اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﺳﺠﻠﻮا درﺟﺎت أﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬
.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬

2- A few years later, two professors repeated the same experiment at another school. But
instead of testing how well the listeners understood each speech, they tested to see what
effects the speeches had on the listeners’ attitudes toward the speakers. They found that
people who heard the well-organized speech believed the speaker to be much more
competent and trustworthy than did those who heard the scrambled speech.
‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺪى ﻓﻬﻢ‬.‫ ﻛﺮر أﺳﺘﺎذان ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ أﺧﺮى‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﻮات ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬-٢
.‫ ﻗﺎﻣﻮا ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺨﻄﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاﻗﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺛﻴﻦ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﺎب‬
‫ﺪا اﻋﺘﻘﺪوا أن اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪث أﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻔﺎءة وﺟﺪارة ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
ً ‫وﺟﺪوا أن اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﻤﻌﻮا اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﺟﻴ‬
.‫أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﻤﻌﻮا اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻤﺸﻮش‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the title of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
C. Organized Speech ‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﻜﻼم‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Paragraph 1 talks about _____ ‫ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ؟‬1 ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:2 ‫س‬

B. comprehension. .‫ اﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: What does the pronoun “they” refers ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻫﻢ؟‬:3 ‫س‬
to?
D. professors ‫ اﻻﺳﺎﺗﺬة‬.‫د‬

180
 🏛 ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ إﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Turkey is a country located mainly in Western Asia, with a small portion in Southeast
Europe. It is one of the world's earliest permanently settled regions. Its capital is Istanbul,
formerly known as Byzantium and (Q1) Constantinople. It is the most populous city in Turkey.
It is the economic, cultural and historical centre of the country. The commercial and historical
centre is located on the European side and about one third of its population live in the
suburbs on the Asian side of the Bosporus.
‫ إﻧﻬﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﺟﺰء ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮق أوروﺑﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ دوﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ رﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺮب آﺳﻴﺎ‬-1
‫ واﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺳﺎﺑًﻘﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‬،‫ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺘﻬﺎ اﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل‬.‫واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻗﺪم ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺮة ﺑﺸﻜﻞ داﺋﻢ‬
‫ إﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬.‫ﻇﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ‬
ً ‫ إﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ اﻛﺘﻈﺎ‬.‫ﺑﻴﺰﻧﻄﺔ واﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﻘﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري واﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷوروﺑﻲ وﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻪ‬.‫واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ واﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻼد‬
.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻮاﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻵﺳﻴﻮي ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﻴﻖ اﻟﺒﻮﺳﻔﻮر‬

2- In 1514, Sultan Selim I (successfully expanded the empire's southern and eastern borders
by defeating Shah Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty in the Battle of Children. In 1517, Selim I
expanded the (Q6) reign of Ottoman empire and he ruled into Algeria and Egypt, and created a
naval presence in the Red Sea.
‫ ﻗﺎم اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن ﺳﻠﻴﻢ اﻷول )ﺑﻨﺠﺎح ﺑﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ‬، 1514 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-2
‫ وﺳﻊ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ اﻷول‬،1517 ‫ وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ﺑﻬﺰﻳﻤﺔ اﻟﺸﺎه إﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺮة اﻟﺼﻔﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬
.‫ﺪا ﺑﺤﺮًﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬
ً ‫ وﺧﻠﻖ ﺗﻮاﺟ‬،‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﻹﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ وﻣﺼﺮ‬

3- In 1991 the big event (Q5) happened, the independence of the Turkic states of the Soviet
Union, which allowed Turkey to extend its economic and political relations deep into Central
Asia.
‫ واﻟﺬي ﺳﻤﺢ‬،‫ وﻫﻮ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل اﻟﺪول اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﺣﺪث اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬1991 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-3
.‫ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ واﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻖ آﺳﻴﺎ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬

181
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is Istanbul’s old name? or what ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻹﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل؟ او ﻣﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬:١ ‫س‬
was it called? ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ؟‬
C. Constantinople .‫ اﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What is the kind of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:٢‫س‬

A. historical ‫ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What is the best title for the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:3‫س‬
A. The civilization of Turkey ‫ ﺣﻀﺎرة ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Who does it seem to be directed to? ‫ اﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺒﺪو أﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ إﻟﻴﻪ؟‬:٤‫س‬
C. tourists ‫ اﻟﺴّﻴﺎح‬.‫ج‬

Q5: What does the word “happen” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﺤﺪث؟‬:٥‫س‬
D. occur ‫ ﻳﺤﺪث‬.‫د‬

Q6: What does the word “reign” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﺤﻜﻢ؟‬:٦‫س‬
A. rule ‫ ﺣﻜﻢ‬.‫أ‬

182
 💻 ‫اﺻﻼح اﻟﻼب ﺗﻮب‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Jack bought a new laptop about two months ago. He was very upset when his device stopped
working. He couldn't (Q3) repair it by himself. He decided to contact the (Q1) IT department of
the company he had bought his laptop from. He wrote an email complaining about what had
happened, explaining how much he needed his device. The (Q4) risk of delay was too much to
take. So, he urged them to send a technician to repair it any time before (Q2) 11 a.m., Sunday
through Thursday. Then he said that if the technician was to come this weekend, he wouldn't
be available.
.‫ﺪا ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺟﻬﺎزه ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ً ‫ﺠﺎ ﺟ‬
ً ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻨﺰﻋ‬.‫ﺪا ﻣﻨﺬ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ‬
ً ‫اﺷﺘﺮى ﺟﺎك ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﻮل ﺟﺪﻳ‬
‫ ﻗﺮر اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻘﺴﻢ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺷﺘﺮى اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬.‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ إﺻﻼﺣﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ ﻛﺎن ﺧﻄﺮ‬.‫ وﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﺪى ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﺎزه‬، ‫ﺪا إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧًﻴﺎ ﻳﺸﻜﻮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺣﺪث‬ ً ‫ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺮﻳ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮل اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﺻﺒﺎ‬11 ‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﺜﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ إرﺳﺎل ﻓﻨﻲ ﻹﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ أي وﻗﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺄﺧﻴﺮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم‬
‫ ﻣﻦ‬، ‫ﺣﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﻓﻠﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺘﺎ‬، ‫ ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎل إﻧﻪ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﺳﻴﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻷﺳﺒﻮع‬.‫اﻷﺣﺪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‬..
‫ﺣﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who did he send the message for? ‫ ﻟﻤﻦ أرﺳﻞ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ؟‬:1‫س‬
C. IT (Information Technology) .‫ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬.‫ج‬
department

Q2: What is the day that he set for the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺬي ﺣﺪده ﻟﻴﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ؟‬:2‫س‬
worker to come?
B. anytime before 11 a.m. on the ‫ ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ ﻓﻲ أﻳﺎم‬11 ‫ ﻓﻲ أي وﻗﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬.‫ب‬
weekdays ‫اﻷﺳﺒﻮع‬

Q3: Repair means _____ _____ ‫ اﻹﺻﻼح ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬:٣‫س‬

A. fix. .‫ إﺻﻼح‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Risk means _____ _____ ‫ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬:4‫س‬

B. danger. .‫ ﺧﻄﺮ‬.‫ب‬

183
 🛬 ‫ﻫﺒﻮط اﺿﻄﺮاري‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A plane was on its way from Abu Dhabi to (Q1) New Delhi. The journey was smooth at the
beginning but suddenly the plane started to have (Q2) technical problems. So, the captain
decided to land in Pakistan. Although the landing was not scheduled, the Pakistani
government allowed it because of the danger on the passenger’s lives. Upon landing, the
passengers were glad to find buses which were to take them to a nearby (Q3) hotel to rest
until new arrangements are made.
‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺳﻠﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﺠﺄة ﺑﺪأت‬.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﺋﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻴﻮدﻟﻬﻲ‬
‫ ورﻏﻢ أن اﻟﻬﺒﻮط ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ‬.‫ ﻗﺮر اﻟﻘﺒﻄﺎن اﻟﻬﺒﻮط ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺮﻛﺎب‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻬﺒﻮط‬.‫ إﻻ أن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺳﻤﺤﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﺮﻛﺎب‬،‫ﻣﻘﺮرا‬
.‫ﺳﻌﺪاء ﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﻓﻼت ﺟﺎءت ﻟﺘﻨﻘﻠﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻓﻨﺪق ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻟﻴﺮﺗﺎﺣﻮا ﻳﺘﻢ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the destination of the plane? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ وﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة؟‬:١‫س‬
A. New Delhi .‫ ﻧﻴﻮدﻟﻬﻲ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What was the cause of the plane ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻌﻄﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة؟‬:٢‫س‬
breaking down?
B. technical problems ‫ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: What did they do when the plane ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻌﻠﻮا ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة؟‬:3‫س‬
stopped?
D. They went to a hotel to rest. .‫ ذﻫﺒﻮا إﻟﻰ ﻓﻨﺪق ﻟﻠﺮاﺣﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q4: What does the word "not scheduled” ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺪول"؟‬:4‫س‬
mean?
A. not planned ‫ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺔ‬.‫أ‬

184
 📲 ‫اﻟﺴﻮﻓﺖ وﻳﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A (Q4) device driver (Q1) a small piece of software that provides a software interface to
hardware devices. Currently you don’t need-to-know precise details about the hardware
being used. All you need to know is that the main function of the device driver is (Q2) to
connect to computer or communicate a subsystem to which the hardware connects.
‫ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺣﺎﻟًﻴﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬.‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ واﺟﻬﺔ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺟﻬﺰة‬
‫ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﻮ أن اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬.‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
.‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻫﻲ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ أو ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: A device driver is _____ ‫ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز؟‬:1 ‫س‬
B. a small piece of software. .‫ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻮﻓﺖ وﻳﺮ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: The main function of a device driver? ‫ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ؟‬:٢ ‫س‬
A. connecting to computers ‫ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺄﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: The word “current” means _____ ‫ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ؟‬:٣ ‫س‬
A. recently. .‫ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ او ﻣﺆﺧﺮا‬.‫أ‬

Q4: The passage talks about _____ _____ ‫ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ‬:٤‫س‬
C. the device driver work. .‫ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬.‫ج‬

185
 🏎 ‫ﻏﻀﺐ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ و ﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
1- Tailgating is defined as a vehicle that follows (Q1) too closely to the one in front of it increasing
the risk of a rear end collision. Tailgating is a (Q3) serious issue that can escalate injured accident
victims to suffer for long periods of time. That’s why most people are afraid of it.
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ وﺛﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ‬Tailgating ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬-١
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺧﻄﻴﺮة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﻔﺎﻗﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎة ﺿﺤﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﻮادث‬.‫اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‬
.‫ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺧﻮف ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻔﺘﺮات ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬

2- (Q4) Road rage is aggressive or angry behavior exhibited by motorists. And the solution to
reducing this act is the defensive driving. This process brings benefits to drivers as they do (Q5)
fewer accidents.
‫ واﻟﺤﻞ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺬا‬.‫ اﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻌﺪواﻧﻲ أو اﻟﻐﺎﺿﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﺎﺋﻘﻲ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات‬-٢
.‫ ﺗﺠﻠﺐ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻘﻴﻦ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺿﻮن ﻟﺤﻮادث أﻗﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة اﻟﺪﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is tailgating? ‫؟‬Tailgating ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‬:1‫س‬
A. driving too closely to the vehicle in front of ‫ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺟﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫أ‬
you ‫أﻣﺎﻣﻚ‬

Q2: What does escalate mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻌﻴﺪ؟‬:2‫س‬

B. increase ‫ زﻳﺎدة‬.‫ب‬

Q3: Why are all people afraid of tailgating? ‫؟‬tailgating ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺨﺎف ﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ‬:3‫س‬
B. It escalates serious issues. .‫ إﻧﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺮة‬.‫ب‬

Q4: What is the main idea of the second ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬:4‫س‬
paragraph?
D. Road Rage. .‫ ﻏﻀﺐ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬.‫د‬

Q5: What does the defensive driver do? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻌﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة اﻟﺪﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬:5‫س‬
C. fewer accidents ‫ ﺣﻮادث أﻗﻞ‬.‫ج‬

186
 🐄 ‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Last week I watched (Q1) TV programs about tamed animals research. One was about
squirrels and 3 programs were about dogs.
‫ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻦ‬،‫ اﻻﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪة ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ اﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺮّوﺿﺔ‬-١
.‫ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﺧﺮون ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻼب‬٣‫اﻟﺴﻨﺎﺟﺐ و‬

2- There were 20 cows in Moscow. Russia divided them into two groups: a group that
listened to music without a video, and another group watched a video of green spaces. After
a month, the group of cows watching the video produced 3 litres more than those who
listened to music. It was concluded that the cows needed a relaxing (Q2) environment to
produce more milk.
‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬:‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﻢ روﺳﻴﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻴﻦ‬.‫ ﺑﻘﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ‬20 ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك‬-٢
‫ أﻧﺘﺠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷﺑﻘﺎر اﻟﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻬﺮ‬.‫ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺷﺎﻫﺪت ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء‬،‫ﺑﺪون ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن اﻷﺑﻘﺎر ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ‬.‫ ﻟﺘﺮات أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﻤﻌﻮا ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬3 ‫ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬
.‫ﻣﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the topic of paragraph 1? ‫؟‬1 ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:١‫س‬
B. The content of pet programs and TV ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ واﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن‬.‫ب‬

Q2. What makes cows produce more ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﻌﻞ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ أﻛﺜﺮ؟‬:٢‫س‬
milk?
A. relaxing ‫ اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What's the suitable title? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ؟‬:٣‫س‬

D. Tamed animals .‫ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺮوﺿﺔ‬.‫د‬

187
 🛍 ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻮق‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
I like (Q1) shopping especially for clothes. I have a huge number of shirts with different (Q2)
colors such as green, red and blue. But the last time I bought a shirt, (Q3) its size was large
although I always buy them small, because I wanted to take the risk and try something new.
،‫ﻟﺪي ﻋﺪد ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻤﺼﺎن ﺑﺄﻟﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﺧﻀﺮ واﻷﺣﻤﺮ واﻷزرق‬. ‫أﻧﺎ أﺣﺐ اﻟﺘﺴﻮق ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺑﺲ‬
،‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ اﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻤﻴﺼﺎ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻨﻲ أﺷﺘﺮي داﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺎ ﺻﻐﻴﺮا‬
.‫ﻟﻜﻨﻨﻲ أردت اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة وﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺷﻲء ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does the passage talk about? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
A. shopping ‫ اﻟﺘﺴﻮق‬.‫أ‬

Q2: Blue, red, green are words about _____ _____ ‫ أﺧﻀﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻋﻦ‬،‫ أﺣﻤﺮ‬،‫ أزرق‬:٢‫س‬
C. colour. ‫ اﻟﻠﻮن‬.‫ج‬

Q3: Small and medium, are words are _____ ‫ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ وﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻋﻦ‬:3 ‫س‬
about _____
B. size. ‫ ﺣﺠﻢ‬.‫ب‬

188
 🛩 ‫زوﺟﺎن ﺳﺎﻓﺮوا اﻟﻰ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A woman and her husband travelled to Paris (Q2) for shopping and sightseeing. The bus was
late. So, they arrived at the hotel exhausted, slept and woke up too late for breakfast. They
went to a restaurant to have breakfast, and then they went shopping to the city center. On
their way to the hotel, they went to an Indian restaurant. At night, they headed up to the
Sein River, walked around and enjoyed the lovely weather there. (Q4) The next day, they had
breakfast and went to (Q5) see the Eiffel Tower.
.‫ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬.‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮت اﻣﺮأة وزوﺟﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻮق وﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ ذﻫﺒﻮا إﻟﻰ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ‬.‫ وﺻﻠﻮا إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻨﺪق ﻣﺮﻫﻘﻴﻦ وﻧﺎﻣﻮا واﺳﺘﻴﻘﻈﻮا ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻓﻄﺎر‬،‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
.‫ ذﻫﺒﻮا إﻟﻰ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ﻫﻨﺪي‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻨﺪق‬.‫ ﺛﻢ ذﻫﺒﻮا ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻮق ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬،‫ﻟﺘﻨﺎول اﻹﻓﻄﺎر‬
‫ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻮا‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬.‫ وﺗﺠﻮﻟﻮا واﺳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮا ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻘﺲ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻞ ﻫﻨﺎك‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻮا إﻟﻰ ﻧﻬﺮ اﻟﺴﻴﻦ‬
.‫اﻹﻓﻄﺎر وذﻫﺒﻮا ﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﺑﺮج إﻳﻔﻞ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is not true according to the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة؟‬:١‫س‬
paragraph?
A. They stayed near the hotel on the first .‫ ﻣﻜﺜﻮا ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻨﺪق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻷول‬.‫أ‬
day.

Q2: Why did they travel to Paris? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺳﺎﻓﺮوا إﻟﻰ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ؟‬:٢‫س‬
C. shopping and sightseeing ‫ اﻟﺘﺴﻮق وﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: What does “head up to” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة "اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ إﻟﻰ"؟‬:٣‫س‬
D. move towards ‫ ﺗﺤﺮك ﻧﺤﻮ‬.‫د‬

Q4: Did they have breakfast at hotel on the ‫ ﻫﻞ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻮ اﻟﻔﻄﻮر اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻨﺪق؟‬:٤‫س‬
second day?
A. Yes, they did. .‫ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻓﻌﻠﻮا‬.‫أ‬

Q5: Where did they go the second day? ‫ أﻳﻦ ذﻫﺒﻮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ؟‬:5‫س‬
A. to the Eiffel Tower ‫ إﻟﻰ ﺑﺮج إﻳﻔﻞ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: Choose the correct sentence based on .‫ أﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬:6‫س‬

the text.
D. They visited the Sein River at night. .‫ ﻗﺎﻣﻮا ﺑﺰﻳﺎرة ﻧﻬﺮ اﻟﺴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎء‬.‫د‬

189
 🚘 ‫ﺗﺤﻄﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺎرة ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Charles (Q1) passed all his exams , so his father bought him his dream car. Charles wanted
to see how fast his car would go. Suddenly a dog was crossing the street. Charles tried to
control his car but it was impossible to control it at that speed. He smashed his car into a big
tree.
‫ أراد ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﺰ أن ﻳﺮى ﻣﺪى اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ‬.‫ اﺟﺘﺎز ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﺰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮى ﻟﻪ واﻟﺪه ﺳﻴﺎرة أﺣﻼﻣﻪ‬-١
‫ ﺣﺎول ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﺰ اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺎرﺗﻪ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬.‫ ﻓﺠﺄة ﻛﺎن ﻛﻠﺐ ﻳﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﺸﺎرع‬.‫ﺑﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺎرﺗﻪ‬
.‫ ﺣﻄﻢ ﺳﻴﺎرﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺠﺮة ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬.‫اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬

2- Nobody was injured, but the car, however, was badly destroyed and its windows were
shattered into tiny pieces. Charles apologized for not listening to his father. His father only
said, “the car was yours but for you (Q4) to do family’s responsibilities not to use it carelessly”.
‫ اﻋﺘﺬر ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﺰ ﻋﻦ‬.‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺼﺐ اﺣﺪ اﻻ ان اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻟﺪﻣﺎر ﻛﺒﻴﺮ وﺗﺤﻄﻤﺖ ﻧﻮاﻓﺬﻫﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة‬-2
‫ "ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة ﻟﻚ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺎت أﺳﺮﺗﻚ ﻟﻴﺲ‬،‫ ﻗﺎل واﻟﺪه ﻓﻘﻂ‬.‫ﻋﺪم اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع إﻟﻰ واﻟﺪه‬
".‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﻼ ﻣﺒﺎﻻة‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why did Charles’ father buy a car for his ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﺷﺘﺮى واﻟﺪ ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﺰ ﺳﻴﺎرة ﻻﺑﻨﻪ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
son?
B. as a reward for passing his exams ‫ ﻛﻤﻜﺎﻓﺄة ﻻﺟﺘﻴﺎز اﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What does (smashed) mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ )ﺣﻄﻢ(؟‬:2 ‫س‬

A. destroyed ‫ دﻣﺮت‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What does (shattered) mean (‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ )ﻣﻤﺰﻗﺔ‬:3 ‫س‬

D. broken to many pieces ‫ ﻛﺴﺮت إﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﺜﻴﺮة‬.‫د‬

Q4: What did Charles understand about the ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﺰ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻬﺪﻳﺔ؟‬:4 ‫س‬
gift?
C. It was to be used for family .‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺎت اﻷﺳﺮﻳﺔ‬.‫ج‬
responsibilities.

190
 🐪 ‫اﻟﺮﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﻨﺪي ﺟﺎن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1. A Canadian man, called Jean Béliveau, traveled 47,000 miles around the world on foot
crossing six continents. One of them was Australia. His problem (Q1) in Australia was that the
temperature was very high. He made the trip because (Q2) he liked the change and was
looking for a challenging life. His journey was believed to be (Q3) the longest uninterrupted
trip on foot.
،‫ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﺪام ﻋﺎﺑﺮا ﺳﺖ ﻗﺎرات‬47000 ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬،‫ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﺟﺎن ﺑﻴﻠﻴﻔﻴﻮ‬،‫ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ رﺟﻞ ﻛﻨﺪي‬-١
‫ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺮﺣﻠﺘﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ أﺣﺐ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬.‫ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ أﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أن درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪا‬.‫إﺣﺪاﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ‬
.‫وﻛﺎن ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻴﺎة ﺧﻄﻴﺮة ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎت ﺗﻌﺮف رﺣﻠﺘﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ أﻃﻮل رﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﻮاﺻﻠﺔ ﺳﻴﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﺪام‬

2- Jean left on August 18th, 2000 when he was 45 years old. His journey took 11 years and 2
months. When he finished his journey and went back to Canada, he established a new life.
،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﻧﻬﻰ رﺣﻠﺘﻪ وﻋﺎد إﻟﻰ ﻛﻨﺪا‬.‫ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‬45 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮه‬2000 ،‫ ﻏﺎدر ﺟﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ آب‬-2
.‫أﺳﺲ ﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What problem did he face in Australia? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ واﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ أﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ؟‬:١‫س‬
B. the high temperature ‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Why did Jean take this trip? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻗﺎم ﺟﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ؟‬:٢‫س‬
D. He liked the change and was looking for a ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺤﺐ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ وﻛﺎن ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻴﺎة ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ‬.‫د‬
challenging life. .‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎت‬

Q3: We infer from paragraph 1 that Jean's ______ ‫ أن رﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺎن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬1 ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٣‫س‬
journey was ____
A. long and hard. .‫ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ وﺷﺎﻗﺔ‬.‫أ‬

191
 🍖 ‫ﻣﺮق اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Bone broth can be made with any animal bone. It's not new food. Some people swear the
(Q1)minerals that you get from bone broth can help to alleviate joint and gut pain. Some even
say that when they don’t have the bone broth, their (Q2) joints get quite stiff and bothersome.
So far we lack any scientific evidence about that.
‫ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس أن اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫ﺪا‬ ً ‫ إﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻃﻌﺎًﻣﺎ ﺟﺪﻳ‬.‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻣﺮق اﻟﻌﻈﺎم ﺑﺄي ﻋﻈﺎم ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺣﺘﻰ أن اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻳﻘﻮل أﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬.‫ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮق اﻟﻌﻈﺎم ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ آﻻم اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻔﺘﻘﺮ إﻟﻰ أي‬،‫ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن‬.‫ ﻓﺈن ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻠﻬﻢ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺼﻼﺑﺔ وﻣﺰﻋﺠﺔ‬،‫ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﺮق اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬
.‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺣﻮل ذﻟﻚ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The pronoun (that) refers to? ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد؟‬:1‫س‬
D. minerals ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن‬.‫د‬

Q2: What happens to the people who don’t ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺤﺪث ﻟﻤﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺮب ﺣﺴﺎء اﻟﻌﻈﺎم؟‬:2‫س‬
drink bone soup?
.‫ ﺗﺘﺼﻠﺐ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻠﻬﻢ‬.‫ب‬
B. Their joints stiffen.

Q3: What is the meaning of the word “lack”? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﻠﺔ؟‬:٣‫س‬
A. miss ‫ اﻓﺘﻘﺎد‬.‫أ‬

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 🌍 ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The history of English in South Africa dates back to the arrival of (Q1) the British at Cape
Town in 1806. As was the case in most colonies, English was brought to South Africa during
the 19th century initially. In 1900, seven countries colonized South Africa. (Q2)France was one
of them.
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن‬.1806 ‫ ﻳﻌﻮد ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ إﻟﻰ وﺻﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ ﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﺎون ﻋﺎم‬-1
‫ ﺗﻢ ﺟﻠﺐ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﻮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬،‫اﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮات‬
.‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬.‫ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺮت ﺳﺒﻊ دول ﺟﻨﻮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬،1900 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬

2-(Q3) Africa never gave up its struggle against the Europeans and eventually it gained its
independence in 10 September, 1974. The first South African English accent was (Q4) simple.
The English spoken in South Africa is derived from the British settlers, so Cape Town’s
language is (Q4) close to London’s.
.1974 ‫ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ‬10 ‫ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﺨﻞ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺻﺮاﻋﻬﺎ ﺿﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻴﻴﻦ‬-2
‫ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب‬.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
.‫ ﻟﺬا ﻓﺈن ﻟﻐﺔ ﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﺎون ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻨﺪن‬،‫إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How did English reach South Africa? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﻮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ؟‬:١‫س‬
D. through the arrival of the British as ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل وﺻﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫د‬
colonists

Q2: Who colonized Africa in the 20th ‫ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺮ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ؟‬:٢‫س‬
century?
C. France ‫ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: The pronoun "it" refers to what? ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻫﻮ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا؟‬:٣‫س‬

A. Africa ‫ أﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: The level of language in Africa when .‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺮوﻫﺎ‬:٤‫س‬
they colonized it.
D. simple ‫ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬.‫د‬

Q5: Cape's language is close to: :‫ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻛﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ‬:٥‫س‬

A. London’s accent. .‫ ﻟﻬﺠﺔ ﻟﻨﺪن‬.‫أ‬

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 🍔 ‫اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ واﺿﺮارﻫﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬
1- Healthy food refers to natural products that deliver your body with essentially needed
nutrients.
.‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﺼﺤﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺪ ﺟﺴﻤﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ‬-١

2- Who doesn’t love burgers? (Q2)Burgers and fast food are famous, people of all age groups
love to eat them because they are tasty and (Q1)much cheaper. But we also know they are not
good for our health.
‫ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻏﺮ؟ اﻟﺒﺮﻏﺮ واﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺷﻬﻴﺮة؛ ﻳﺤﺐ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻔﺌﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻬﺎ‬-٢
.‫ﻀﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻟﺼﺤﺘﻨﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أﻳ‬.‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﺬﻳﺬة وأرﺧﺺ ﺳﻌًﺮا‬

(Q3)3-
While unhealthy food is a highly processed food that includes packaged food products
and a list of fast-food items on the restaurant menus.
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أن اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻃﻌﺎم ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺒﺄة‬-٣
.‫وﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺄﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻋﻢ‬

4- One day (Q5)a teacher conducted an experiment on a burger to clarify its disadvantages.
She kept a burger without touching (Q6)it for 6 months. Every week she photographed the
burger, it didn't change its shape, but it became rough. The Burger didn’t rot because (Q7)it
consisted of some chemicals like sodium benzoate. So, after knowing all that, won't you
consider a healthier lifestyle?
.‫ أﺷﻬﺮ دون أن ﺗﻠﻤﺴﻪ‬٦ ‫ اﺣﺘﻔﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻏﺮ ﻟﻤﺪة‬.‫ ذات ﻳﻮم أﺟﺮى اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺟﺮ ﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻋﻴﻮﺑﻪ‬-٤
‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻌﻔﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﺟﺮ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‬.‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻗﺎﺳﻴﴼ‬،‫ وﻟﻢ ﻳﻐﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ‬،‫ﻮر اﻟﺒﺮﻏﺮ ﻛﻞ أﺳﺒﻮع‬ ّ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺼ‬
‫ أﻻ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ أﺳﻠﻮب ﺣﻴﺎة أﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﺤﺔ؟‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬،‫ ﻟﺬا‬.‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻨﺰوات اﻟﺼﻮدﻳﻮم‬

195
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why do people eat hamburgers? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺄﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺒﺮﻏﺮ؟‬:1‫س‬
D. Because it is cheap. .‫ ﻷﻧﻪ رﺧﻴﺺ‬.‫د‬

Q2: What is true according to the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺼﺢ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:٢‫س‬
B. Burgers and fast food are cheap and .‫ اﻟﺒﺮﻏﺮ او اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ رﺧﻴﺺ وﻣﺸﻬﻮر‬.‫ب‬
famous.

Q3: In which paragraph talk about bad ‫ ﻓﻲ أي ﻓﻘﺮة ﺗﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺴﻲء؟‬:٣‫س‬
eating?
C. Paragraph 3 ٣ ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬.‫ج‬

Q4: The meaning of the word essentially? ‫ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ؟‬:4‫س‬

C. basically .‫ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﺎس‬.‫ج‬

Q5: Who does the experiment? ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ؟‬:٥‫س‬

A. teacher ‫ ﻣﺪرس‬.‫أ‬

Q6: How long does this scientific study take? ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﺳﺘﻐﺮﻗﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ؟‬:6‫س‬
A. 6 months ‫ ﺷﻬﻮر‬6 .‫أ‬

Q7: Why did not the burger rot? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻌﻔﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﺟﺮ؟‬:٧‫س‬
A. Because it consisted of chemicals. .‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q8: What is the best title for the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:٨‫س‬
C. Be more careful with you eat. .‫ ﻛﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺬرا ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ‬.‫ج‬

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 💎 ‫ﻣﺎدة اﻟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Graphite is one of the minerals available and widely spread on the surface of the earth. It is
considered one of the main forms of allotropic (Q1) carbon. Under high pressures and
temperatures, the graphite can turn into diamond. Despite its change into diamond, (Q3)
graphite is much stronger than it. Graphite is also used in pencils and lubricants. It is a good
conductor of heat and electricity. Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 1920 – 16 April 1958) was an
(Q4) English chemist, born and lived in England. Her work in England was central to the
understanding of the molecular structures of DNA using graphite
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ أﺣﺪ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل‬.‫اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة واﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﻳﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴﺖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎس‬،‫ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺿﻐﻂ ودرﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﺂﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ أﻗﻼم اﻟﺮﺻﺎص وﻣﻮاد‬ ً ‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴﺖ أﻳ‬.‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴﺖ أﻗﻮى ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬،‫ﺗﺤﻮﻟﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎس‬
‫ أﺑﺮﻳﻞ‬16 - 1920 ‫ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‬25) ‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ روزاﻟﻴﻨﺪ إﻟﺴﻲ ﻓﺮاﻧﻜﻠﻴﻦ‬.‫ إﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة واﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬.‫اﻟﺘﺸﺤﻴﻢ‬
‫ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا ﻣﺤﻮرًﻳﺎ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ‬.‫( ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ إﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ وﻟﺪت وﻋﺎﺷﺖ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا‬1958
.‫اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺾ اﻟﻨﻮوي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴﺖ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is graphite made of? ‫ اﻟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ؟‬:1‫س‬
B. carbon ‫ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What does “turn” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ؟‬:٢‫س‬

D. change ‫ ﺗﻐﻴﺮت‬.‫د‬

Q3: What is true about the Graphite from the :‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﻲ‬:٣‫س‬
following:
A. It’s stronger than diamond. .‫ اﻧﻪ اﻗﻮى ﻣﻦ اﻻﻟﻤﺎس‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Where did Rosalind Elsie Franklin work? ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ؟‬:٤‫س‬
B. England. .‫ اﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا‬.‫ب‬

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 🚕 ‫أﻛﺒﺮ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Giovanni Rozzo was (Q2) originally born in Italy, but he (Q1) is known to be Britain's best
driver; he has been driving for more than eight decades and he hasn’t broken any traffic
rules.
‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻘﻮد ﺳﻴﺎرﺗﻪ‬.‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﺄﻧﻪ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬،‫ وﻟﺪ ﺟﻴﻮﻓﺎﻧﻲ روزو ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬-١
.‫ﻣﻨﺬ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻘﻮد وﻟﻢ ﻳﺨﺎﻟﻒ أي ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻣﺮور‬

2- He loved to watch the formula races. There have been ten Formula One World Drivers'
Champions representing the United Kingdom. The first champion was Mike Hawthorn and it
wasn't until 2015 that a champion representing the UK retained their title, when Lewis
Hamilton achieved this, following on from his victory in 2014.
‫ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﺸﺮة أﺑﻄﺎل ﻟﺴﺎﺋﻘﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻮرﻣﻮﻻ واﺣﺪ ﻳﻤﺜﻠﻮن‬.‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺤﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺴﺒﺎﻗﺎت‬-٢
‫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻄﻞ اﻷول ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﻳﻚ ﻫﻮﺛﻮرن وﻟﻢ ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﻄﻞ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﺎم‬.‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
.2014 ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮزه ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺣﻘﻖ ﻟﻮﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻣﻴﻠﺘﻮن ﻫﺬا‬،‫ ﺑﻠﻘﺒﻪ‬2015

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What did you understand from the first ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻬﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ؟‬:1‫س‬
paragraph?
D. Giovanni Rozzo is a good driver. .‫ ﺟﻴﻮﻓﺎﻧﻲ روزو ﺳﺎﺋﻖ راﺋﻊ‬.‫د‬

Q2: Where was he born? ‫ ﻓﻴﻦ اﺗﻮﻟﺪ؟‬:٢‫س‬

A. Italy. .‫ اﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: The meaning of the word "rule"? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺣﻜﻢ"؟‬:3‫س‬

C. law ‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬.‫ج‬

Q4: What did you understand from the ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻬﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬:٤‫س‬
second paragraph?
D. Different British drivers ‫ ﺳﺎﺋﻘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬.‫د‬

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 💊 ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاء واﻟﺪواء‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The Saudi Food & Drug Authority (SFDA) is the government agency that (Q1)regulates drugs and
medical devices in Saudi Arabia. It is also in charge of local and imported products like:
biological and chemical substances, as well as electronic products. It receives its supplies
(Q3)from internal and external facilities. It aims to protect the community to ensure the safety
of food, drugs, medical devices (Q2)for Saudis and foreigners
‫( ﻫﻲ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻢ اﻷدوﻳﺔ واﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬SFDA) ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺬاء واﻟﺪواء‬
‫ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬،‫ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ واﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬:‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻮردة ﻣﺜﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
‫ وﻳﻬﺪف إﻟﻰ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﻤﺎ‬.‫ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ إﻣﺪاداﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاء واﻟﺪواء واﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻌﻮدﻳﻴﻦ واﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the mission of the Food and ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاء واﻟﺪواء؟‬:1 ‫س‬
Drug Authority?
A. The Authority is responsible for regulating ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬
local and imported products. .‫واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮردة‬

Q2: Who benefits from it? ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ؟‬:2‫س‬

B. Saudis and foreigners .‫ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﻴﻦ واﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: Where does the authority receive? ‫ ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ؟‬:3‫س‬

C. internally and externally .‫ داﺧﻠﻲ وﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬.‫ج‬

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 🍣 ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺸﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ‬
The reason ketchup can be so (Q1) difficult to get out of a bottle is because its viscosity.
According to scientists at Heinz, it is better to use a glass bottle ((Q2) glass helps it get out
smoothly). In order to (Q3) get the ketchup from the bottle, you have to shake it with the lid
on to mix the contents.
‫ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬،Heinz ‫ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ إﺧﺮاج اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺸﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻟﺰوﺟﺘﻪ‬
،‫ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺸﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺔ‬.(‫زﺟﺎﺟﺔ زﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ )اﻟﺰﺟﺎج ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮوج ﺑﺴﻼﺳﺔ‬
.‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ رﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء ﻟﺨﻠﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why is it difficult for the ketchup to ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺼﻌﺐ إﺧﺮاج اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺸﺐ؟‬:١‫س‬
get out?
B. Because of its viscosity. .‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻟﺰوﺟﺘﻪ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Why is ketchup in a glass bottle? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺸﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻨﻴﻨﺔ زﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ؟‬:٢‫س‬
C. Because the smooth bottle helps the .‫ ﻷن اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺴﺎء ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺸﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺰﻻق‬.‫ج‬
ketchup slide.

Q3: How do you get ketchup? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺸﺐ؟‬:٣‫س‬

A. shake it. .‫ رﺟﻬﺎ‬.‫أ‬

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 🍕 ‫ﺑﻴﺘﺰا اﻟﻤﺎرﻏﺮﻳﺘﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- In June 1889, the pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito, invented a dish called "Pizza Margherita"
(Q2)in honour of the Queen of Italy, Margherita, and the Italian unification. He was the
founder of pizza and (Q3) his dish became popular all over the world, since the toppings were
tomato (red), mozzarella (white) and basil (green), representing the same colours of the
national flag of Italy.
،‫ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﻤﻪ "ﺑﻴﺘﺰا ﻣﺎرﻏﺮﻳﺘﺎ" ﺗﻜﺮﻳﻤﴼ ﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito ‫ اﺧﺘﺮع‬1889 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬-1
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬.‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺆﺳﺲ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا وأﺻﺒﺢ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻣﺸﻬﻮًرا ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬،‫ وﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺎرﻏﺮﻳﺘﺎ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ أﻟﻮان اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬، (‫ اﻟﻤﻮزارﻳﻼ )اﻷﺑﻴﺾ( واﻟﺮﻳﺤﺎن )اﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬، (‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻤﺎﻃﻢ )اﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬
.‫اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬

2- After making this dish, pizza was considered a high-class and a royal dish. But now pizza is
widely known and everyone can eat it.
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا اﻵن ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬.‫ ﺗﻢ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﺒﻖ‬-2
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻬﺎ‬

201
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is not true about pizza Margherita? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺘﺰا ﻣﺎرﻏﺮﻳﺘﺎ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
D. The topping was only Mozzarella. .‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﻮزارﻳﻼ ﻓﻘﻂ‬.‫د‬

Q2: Why was a kind of Pizza named ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺳﻤﻲ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا ﻣﺎرﻏﺮﻳﺘﺎ؟‬:2 ‫س‬
Margherita?
C. after the name of queen Margherita .‫ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﺎرﻏﺮﻳﺘﺎ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: Why was Raffaele Esposito considered the ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻋﺘﺒﺮ راﻓﺎﻳﻴﻞ إﺳﺒﻮزﻳﺘﻮ ﻣﺆﺳﺲ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا‬:3 ‫س‬
founder of modern Pizza? ‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ؟‬
A. His dish was famous all over the world. .‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮع ﻛﺎن ﻣﺸﻬﻮرﴽ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Which of the following is NOT true ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة؟‬:4 ‫س‬
according to the passage?
A. Pizza is considered a food for peasants .‫ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا ﻏﺬاء ﻟﻠﻔﻼﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن‬.‫أ‬
even now.

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 🥛 ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻘﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
(Q1) Goingto the farm and drinking raw milk is one of the dreams of everyone. But that can be
harmful for our health. Raw milk is an excellent medium for microbial growth, and when it is
stored at atmospheric temperature, bacteria and other pathogens soon grow rapidly. To
prevent such diseases and loss of life, raw milk needs to be pasteurized (Q2) to make it safer to
drink.
.‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺿﺎًرا ﺑﺼﺤﺘﻨﺎ‬.‫اﻟﺬﻫﺎب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺰرﻋﺔ وﺷﺮب اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺎم ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ أﺣﻼم اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
،‫ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي‬،‫ﻄﺎ ﻣﻤﺘﺎًزا ﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮوﺑﺎت‬
ً ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺎم وﺳﻴ‬
‫ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺎم‬،‫ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺮض وﻓﻘﺪان اﻷرواح‬.‫ﺗﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ وﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎت اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
.‫إﻟﻰ ﺑﺴﺘﺮة ﻟﺠﻌﻠﻪ أﻛﺜﺮ أﻣﺎًﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﺮب‬

Although homogenizing milk makes the digestion of milk easier and improves its taste and
smell, it is hazardous to your health. Homogenized milk has smaller particles than non-
homogenized milk. As a result, during digestion; the tiny particles (Q3) enter the bloodstream
directly and thereby causing harm to your health. Homogenized milk is also known to cause
cancer and heart diseases.
‫ إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻫﻀﻢ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ أﺳﻬﻞ وﻳﺤﺴﻦ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ وراﺋﺤﺘﻪ‬
‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬.‫ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت أﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬.‫ﺧﻄﻮرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺘﻚ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻬﻀﻢ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﺪم ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﺮًرا ﻟﺼﺤﺘﻚ‬،‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
.‫ﻀﺎ أن اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن وأﻣﺮاض اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
ً ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف أﻳ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The Pronoun That refers to? ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻴﻪ؟‬:١‫س‬
A. going to the farm and drinking raw milk ‫ اﻟﺬﻫﺎب ﻟﻠﻤﺰرﻋﺔ وﺷﺮب ﺣﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻘﺮ اﻟﻄﺎزج‬.‫أ‬

Q2: Why is milk pasteurized? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ ﻳﺒﺴﺘﺮ؟‬:٢‫س‬

D. to make milk safer to drink ‫ ﻟﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ أﻛﺜﺮ أﻣﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﺮب‬.‫د‬

Q3: Why homogenized milk is health risk? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ؟‬:3‫س‬
C. it enters the blood. .‫ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺪم‬.‫ج‬

203
 👨🏻
‫💻ﻤﻞ‬
‫ورﺷﺔ ﻋ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Paul was a very hard-working employee and his work always seems effortless. He had a
meeting with his manager (Q3)to attend a workshop. The workshop was (Q2) on the weekend.
(Q4) It was about discipline. The workshop (Q5) for lasted more than 4 hours. During the break,
Paul and James, his colleague, talked about how (Q6) they still needed to control certain
aspects of their lives. James added that it’s his 2nd time to attend the workshop because he
also (Q8) needed to focus on it. When the workshop ended, Paul (Q7) thanked everyone who
attended the workshop.
‫ ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻟﻘﺎء ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﻳﺮه ﻟﺤﻀﻮر ورﺷﺔ‬.‫ﻤﺎ ﺑﻼ ﻣﺠﻬﻮد‬ً ‫ﺪا ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﻳﺒﺪو ﻋﻤﻠﻪ داﺋ‬
ً ‫ ﻛﺎن ﺑﻮل ﻣﻮﻇًﻔﺎ ﻣﺠﺘﻬ‬-1
4 ‫ اﺳﺘﻤﺮت اﻟﻮرﺷﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﻛﺎن اﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻀﺒﺎط‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻄﻠﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع‬.‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻒ أﻧﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎزاﻻ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ‬،‫ زﻣﻴﻠﻪ‬،‫ ﺗﺤﺪث ﺑﻮل وﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬،‫ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺔ‬.‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫ وأﺿﺎف ﺟﻴﻤﺲ أن ﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﻀﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻷﻧﻪ اﺣﺘﺎج‬.‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻤﺎ‬
.‫ ﺷﻜﺮ ﺑﻮل ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮ‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬.‫ﻀﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ً ‫أﻳ‬

2- While Paul was driving home, he was pleased that he attended such a great lecture (Q12) to
share what he had learnt. He then remembered that (Q9) he had forgotten his bag at the
office. He had to get it, so his trip home took longer than usual. He knew that he couldn’t go
back home without it because (Q10) he had bought his wife a necklace as a gift and hid it in the
bag.
‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺮوًرا ﻷﻧﻪ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺮاﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻣﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﺑﻮل ﻳﻘﻮد ﺳﻴﺎرﺗﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬-2
‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﺳﺘﻐﺮﻗﺖ رﺣﻠﺘﻪ إﻟﻰ‬،‫ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أن ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬.‫ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ أﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ‬.‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺪا ﻟﺰوﺟﺘﻪ ﻛﻬﺪﻳﺔ‬
ً ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﻠﻢ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ اﻟﻌﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﺑﺪوﻧﻬﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ اﺷﺘﺮى ﻋﻘ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻨﺰل وﻗًﺘﺎ أﻃﻮل‬
.‫وأﺧﻔﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﺒﺔ‬

204
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Meaning of the word pleased? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﺴﺮ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
C. happy ‫ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: When was the workshop held? ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ أﻗﻴﻤﺖ اﻟﻮرﺷﺔ؟‬:2 ‫س‬
A. at the weekend ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻄﻠﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What is the meeting about? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻠﻘﺎء؟‬:3 ‫س‬

C. to attend a workshop ‫ ﺣﻀﻮر ورﺷﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ‬.‫ج‬

Q4: What is the purpose of this workshop ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮرﺷﺔ‬:4 ‫س‬
D. discipline ‫ اﻻﻧﻀﺒﺎط‬.‫د‬

Q5: How long did the workshop take? ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﺳﺘﻐﺮﻗﺖ ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬:5 ‫س‬
C. more than 4 hours ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬4 ‫ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ج‬

Q6: What would Paul and his colleague need ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﺑﻮل وزﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ؟‬:6 ‫س‬
to learn to control?
D. control different areas of their lives. ‫ اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬.‫د‬

Q7: Who did Paul give his appreciation to? ‫ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻗﺪم ﺑﻮﻟﺲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮه؟‬:7 ‫س‬
C. everyone who attended the workshop ‫ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺣﻀﺮ اﻟﻮرﺷﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q8: Someone decided to come back and ‫ ﻗﺮر أﺣﺪﻫﻢ اﻟﻌﻮدة ﻟﺤﻀﻮر ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺮة‬:8 ‫س‬
attend the workshop again. Why? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ا؟‬.‫أﺧﺮى‬
A. Because he needed to focus more on the ‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬.‫أ‬
workshop.

Q9: Why did his journey to home take longer? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﺳﺘﻐﺮﻗﺖ رﺣﻠﺘﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﻃﻦ وﻗﺘﴼأﻃﻮل؟‬:9 ‫س‬
B. Because he forgot his bag ‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺘﻪ‬.‫ب‬

Q10: What did he bring his wife? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻗﺪم ﻟﺰوﺟﺘﻪ؟‬:10 ‫س‬
D. He brought her jewellery. ‫ أﺣﻀﺮ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﻮﻫﺮات‬.‫د‬

Q11: What does the word “effortless” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﻼ ﺟﻬﺪ"؟‬:11 ‫س‬
A. without hard work ‫ ﺑﺪون ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﺎق‬.‫أ‬

Q12: What was Paul excited about when ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي أﺛﺎر ﺣﻤﺎس ﺑﻮل أﺛﻨﺎء ﻗﻴﺎدﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎرة؟‬:12 ‫س‬
driving the car?
C. to share what he had learned ‫ ﻟﺘﺒﺎدل ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ‬.‫ج‬

‫ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﻮل أﻧﻪ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬:13 ‫س‬

Q13: Paul felt that he needed more time to
_____ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻻﻧﻀﺒﺎط ﻷن‬
learn discipline because _____
A. he forgot his bag. .‫ ﻧﺴﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺘﻪ‬:‫ج‬

205
 🔋 ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻐﺎز‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
In a special meeting, the representative of the government emphasized that the prices of gas
are still decreasing because of the increase in supply. So, our government suggests reducing
the production of gas as an attempt to save our economy (Q1) by increasing the price.

‫ ﺗﻘﺘﺮح‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ أﻛﺪ ﻣﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ أن ﻻ ﺗﺰال أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻐﺎز ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻌﺮض‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﺧﺎص‬
.‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻨﺎ ﺧﻔﺾ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻹﻧﻘﺎذ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻧﺎ‬

I know that people might use little gas (Q2) because of the high cost, but our major profits are
from the neighbouring countries we are exporting to. The speaker (the person in charge of
the meeting) (Q3) nodded his head and smiled.

‫ ﻟﻜﻦ أرﺑﺎﺣﻨﺎ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ‬،‫أﻋﻠﻢ أن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
.‫ أوﻣﺄ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪث )اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع( ﺑﺮأﺳﻪ واﺑﺘﺴﻢ‬.‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺼﺪر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why did the government reduce ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺧﻔﻀﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج؟‬:1 ‫س‬
production?
B. to increase the price of gas .‫ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﺳﻌﺮ اﻟﻐﺎز‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Why would people use little gas? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز؟‬:٢‫س‬
A. Because it would be expensive. .‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺎ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: How did the government see the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن رد ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪث؟‬:٣‫س‬
reaction of the speaker?
C. a good sign. .‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة‬.‫ج‬

206
 🥚 ‫ﺻﻔﺎر اﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- One of the main parts of the egg is yolk: the yellow, inner liquid part of the egg where the
embryo forms. It is the yellow part at the center of an egg. Yolk colour ranges from just a hint
of yellow to a (2) magnificent deep orange because it contains oil. The egg yolk is classified as
a liquid despite of what many people think.
‫ وﻫﻮ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻷﺻﻔﺮ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن‬،‫ اﻟﺼﻔﺎر ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻀﺔ‬-١
‫ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻟﻮن ﺻﻔﺎر اﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺮد ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺻﻔﺮ إﻟﻰ‬.‫ إﻧﻪ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻳﺼﻨﻒ ﺻﻔﺎر اﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪه ﻛﺜﻴﺮ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ اﻟﺮاﺋﻊ ﻻﺣﺘﻮاﺋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس‬

2- Nicolai Lunin showed that there was (Q3) an unknown substance in milk that was essential
for nutrition. It was also (Q4) found in the egg yolk. Then Carl Socin suggested that an
unknown substance for growth found in egg yolk was fat soluble.Although the idea of
extracting oil from the egg yolk was far-fetched, luckily, it became a consummated reality.
.‫ ﻛﻤﺎ وﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺎر اﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬.‫ أﻇﻬﺮ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻻي ﻟﻮﻧﻴﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺎدة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ ﺿﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬-٢
.‫ﺛﻢ اﻗﺘﺮح ﻛﺎرل ﺳﻮﺳﻴﻦ أن ﻣﺎدة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺎر اﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺬوﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻫﻮن‬
‫ إﻻ أﻧﻬﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ واﻗﻌﺔ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻓﻜﺮة اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺎر اﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة اﻟﻤﻨﺎل‬
.‫ﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺤﻆ‬

207
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does far-fetched mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎل؟‬:١ ‫س‬
D. difficult to believe ‫ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻪ‬.‫د‬

Q2: Why is the liquid part orange? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ؟‬:2 ‫س‬
B. It contains oil. .‫ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: What does the pronoun "it", second ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻮ" اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬:٣ ‫س‬
paragraph, refer to?
A. unknown substance ‫ ﻣﺎدة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Where did they find the strange ‫ أﻳﻦ وﺟﺪوا اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ؟‬:٤ ‫س‬
substance?
A. in the yolk ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺎر اﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬.‫أ‬

Q5: What does the nearest meaning of the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ؟‬:5 ‫س‬
word “classify”?
D. classify into groups ‫ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬.‫د‬

Q6: What does the nearest meaning of the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ؟‬:٦ ‫س‬
word “Consummated”?
B. concluded ‫ ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬.‫ب‬

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 📺 ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎز‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Nowadays, TV has captured a great deal of time from many individuals. Many people are
happily (Q1) spending their leisure times on TV. Did you know that every hour you spend
watching it can take 22 minutes off of your life? This means that viewing for an average of six
hours a day can cut short your life by five years! (Q2) This is because you stay long hours
without moving.
‫ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬.‫ اﺳﺘﺤﻮذ اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪر ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﺮاد‬، ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬-1
‫ ﻫﻞ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ أن ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﻘﻀﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪة‬.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس أوﻗﺎت ﻓﺮاﻏﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن ﺑﺴﻌﺎدة‬
‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ؟ ﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪة ﻟﻤﺪة ﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬22 ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮق‬
.‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻘﺼﺮ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺨﻤﺲ ﺳﻨﻮات! ﻫﺬا ﻷﻧﻚ ﺗﻤﻜﺚ ﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ دون أن ﺗﺘﺤﺮك‬

2- The above information is based on a study done by a group of researchers in Australia.

The inactivity associated with TV viewing is dangerous and gives greater opportunities for (Q3)
unhealthy overeating.
‫ ﻳﻌﺪ اﻟﺨﻤﻮل‬.‫ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻮاردة أﻋﻼه إﻟﻰ دراﺳﺔ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ أﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ‬-2
.‫ﺻﺎ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻺﻓﺮاط ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻲ‬ ً ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن أﻣًﺮا ﺧﻄﻴًﺮا وﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﺮ‬

3- An earlier study associated television viewing with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
and heart disease, as well as with the risk of early death. That research showed that these
risks rose by (Q4) 20% for people who spend just two hours a day in front of the TV.
‫ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬،‫ وأﻣﺮاض اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬2 ‫ رﺑﻄﺖ دراﺳﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎز ﺑﺨﻄﺮ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻤﺮض اﻟﺴﻜﺮي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع‬-3
‫ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻳﻘﻀﻮن ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ‬٪20 ‫ أﻇﻬﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ أن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ارﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬.‫ﺧﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﻮت اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ‬
.‫اﻟﻴﻮم أﻣﺎم اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎز‬

4- The good news is that exercising for just (Q6) 15 minutes a day can increase your lifespan by
up to three years. It can also reduce the risk of premature death by 14%.
‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮك ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ‬١٥ ‫ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﺴﺎر ﻫﻮ أن ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻟﻤﺪة‬-٤
.٪١٤ ‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻟﻮﻓﺎة اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮة ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻘﻠﻞ أﻳ‬.‫ﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات‬

209
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why do people watch TV? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن؟‬:1‫س‬
A. to spend more enjoyable time ‫ ﻟﻘﻀﺎء وﻗﺖ ﻣﻤﺘﻊ اﻛﺘﺮ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: How does watching TV shorten your ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎز ﺗﻘﺼﺮ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ؟‬:2‫س‬
life?
C. staying long hours without moving ‫ اﻟﺠﻠﻮس ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﺪون ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: People who watch too much TV are also ‫ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪون اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن ﻛﺜﻴﺮا‬:٣‫س‬
likely to _____ _____
C. eat plenty of food. .‫ ﺗﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬.‫ج‬

Q4: What activity can increase the health ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬:4‫س‬
risks of diabetes and heart disease by 20%? ‫؟‬٪20 ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺮض اﻟﺴﻜﺮي وأﻣﺮاض اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
A. watching TV for two hours a day ‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن ﻟﻤﺪة ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم‬.‫أ‬

Q5: The word premature in paragraph 4 is ‫ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ‬4 ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻷواﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:5‫س‬
closest in meaning to _____ _____ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬
C. early. .‫ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ‬.‫ج‬

Q6: According to paragraph 4, exercising for 15 ‫ ﻓﺈن ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻟﻤﺪة‬،4 ‫ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:6‫س‬
15 minutes daily can _____ ______ ‫دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬
A. add three years to your total life time. .‫ ﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات إﻟﻰ إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ وﻗﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ‬.‫أ‬

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 🗽 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- More than a million people immigrate to the United States to start new lives every year,
and if they are arriving in New York, one of the first sights that they will see is the Statue of
Liberty. The Statue of Liberty is one of (Q1) the most recognizable American symbols.
،‫ وإذا وﺻﻠﻮا إﻟﻰ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك‬،‫ ﻳﻬﺎﺟﺮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺷﺨﺺ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻟﺒﺪء ﺣﻴﺎة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم‬-١
‫ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺗﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ أﺣﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻓﺈن أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺸﺎﻫﺪوﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬
.‫ﺷﻬﺮة‬

2- The Statue of Liberty is huge. From the tip of (Q7) the torch to the pedestal on which she
stands, she is just over 151 feet tall. she stands more than 305 feet off of the ground. (Q7) The
tablet she holds is 23 feet long.
١٥١ ‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻗﻠﻴ‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬.‫ ﺗﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺿﺨﻢ‬-٢
.‫ ﻗﺪًﻣﺎ‬٢٣ ‫ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻠﻮﺣﻲ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬.‫ﻗﺪًﻣﺎ‬

3- Frédéric Bartholdi designed the appearance of the statue. The appearance of the Statue of
Liberty is somewhat derived from (Q4) Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom. The statue
was a (Q5) gift from France. France gave America the statue as (Q6) a gift for the independence
of their country.
‫ إﻟﻬﺔ‬،Libertas ‫ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﺻﻤﻢ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻳﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﺎرﺗﻮﻟﺪي ﻣﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﺎل‬-٣
.‫ ﻣﻨﺤﺖ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﺎل ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﺑﻼدﻫﻢ‬.‫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺘﻤﺜﺎل ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬.‫اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

211
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is mentioned in the passage about ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ورد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﺎل؟‬:١‫س‬
the statue?
D. It is recognized by people around the .‫ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻧﻪ‬.‫د‬
world.

Q2: What does the 2nd paragraph talk ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬:2‫س‬
about?
C. Description of the statue ‫ وﺻﻒ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫ج‬

Q3: What is the kind of passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:3‫س‬

A. description ‫ وﺻﻒ‬.‫أ‬
Q4: What does the Statue of Liberty ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺗﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ؟‬:4‫س‬
represent?
A. liberty ‫ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q5: Who gave the Statue of Liberty? ‫ ﻣﻦ أﻫﺪى ﺗﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ؟‬:5‫س‬

B. France ‫ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬.‫ب‬

Q6: Why did France give America the ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا أﻋﻄﺖ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﺎل؟‬:6‫س‬
statue?
C. as a gift for the independence of America .‫ ﻛﻬﺪﻳﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼل أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬.‫ج‬

Q7: What does she hold in her hand? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻴﺪﻫﺎ؟‬:7‫س‬
A. a tablet and torch ‫ ﻛﺘﺎب وﺷﻌﻠﺔ‬.‫أ‬

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 💸 ‫اﺑﺪأ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﺣﻞ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- If you’re serious about establishing your own business, there are some different factors to
consider. Firstly, it is crucial to write a business plan. When you write a business plan, you
should give answers to important questions such as “What does your business need to get off
the ground?” and “Who are your customers.” (Q1) Answers can help you to identify (Q4) risk.
They will be your roadmap for your business success.
‫ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ أوًﻻ‬.‫ ﻓﻬﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬،‫ إذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﺟﺎًدا ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﻚ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري‬-١
‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻘﺪم إﺟﺎﺑﺎت ﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻪ‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮن ﺧﺎرﻃﺔ‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪك اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬.‫ﻋﻤﻠﻚ ﻟﻼﻧﻄﻼق؟ وﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻋﻤﻼؤك‬
.‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ ﻟﻨﺠﺎح اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬

Moreover, your honesty, quality and your customers’ satisfaction are other important keys
that would guarantee the success of your business. However, the most important thing is to
have extra (Q5) spare money in case of emergencies.
‫ ﻓﺈن ﺻﺪﻗﻚ وﺟﻮدﺗﻚ ورﺿﺎ ﻋﻤﻼﺋﻚ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻬﺎ أن ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﺠﺎح‬،‫ ﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬-٢
.‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺸﻲء اﻷﻛﺜﺮ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻚ أﻣﻮال إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﻄﻮارئ‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻋﻤﻠﻚ‬

213
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does "They "refer to? ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻫﻢ"؟‬:١‫س‬
D. answers ‫ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬.‫د‬

Q2: What is meant by the word "crucial"? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﺣﺎﺳﻢ"؟‬:٢‫س‬

A. important ‫ ﻣﻬﻢ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What does "risk" mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ "اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة"؟‬:٣‫س‬

C. danger ‫ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ‬.‫ج‬

Q4: What does the business plan consider? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻀﻌﻪ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر؟‬:٤‫س‬
A. risks ‫ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬.‫أ‬

Q5: What is the most important thing in a ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻫﻢ ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ؟‬:٥ ‫س‬
new business?
A. always having extra and spare money for ‫ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل داﺋﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﻮال إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ وﻓﻴﺮة ﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬.‫أ‬
emergencies ‫اﻟﻄﻮارئ‬

Q6: What is the main idea of the article? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:٦‫س‬
C. Author gives information. .‫ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬.‫ج‬

214
 🎙 ‫اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- In the Kingdom, radio is quite popular. The history of radio in Saudi Arabia goes back to 1949.
Now, radio in Saudi Arabia has been completely reshaped by the various private players as all
of them entered the sector after the government opened up licenses to them.
‫ ﻳﻌﻮد ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ ﺗﺤﻈﻰ اﻹذاﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺑﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬-١
‫ ﺗﻢ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻼﻋﺒﻴﻦ‬،‫ اﻵن‬.١٩٤٩
.‫ﻌﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻓﺘﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﺧﻴﺺ ﻟﻬﻢ‬ ً ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ دﺧﻠﻮا ﺟﻤﻴ‬

2- (Q1) A large number of radio listeners tune in while driving. Broadcast experts say that radio
listenership consists of more than 60 percent in vehicles. (Q2) Over 70 percent of the listeners
are men. The lions’ share of listeners is youngsters.
‫ ﻳﻘﻮل ﺧﺒﺮاء اﻟﺒﺚ أن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﻌﻴﻦ‬.‫ ﻳﻘﻮم ﻋﺪد ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﻌﻲ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ ﺑﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﺼﻮت أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬-٢
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬٧٠ ‫ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬٦٠ ‫ﻟﻠﺮادﻳﻮ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب‬.‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‬

3- In 2011, five new FM stations were allowed to operate and expected to have an audience
of 25 million. There (Q4) were few English stations among them. The most important broadcast
is the Urdu one. The survey shows a large number of listeners who turn the radio to Urdu
channel (Q7) at 3 PM.
‫ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﻳﺼﻞ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬FM ‫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﻟﺨﻤﺲ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت‬٢٠١١ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-٣
‫ وﻳﻈﻬﺮ اﻻﺳﺘﻄﻼع‬،‫ أﻫﻢ ﺑﺚ ﻫﻮ اﻷوردو‬.‫ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎت اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬.‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن‬٢٥ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ ﻣﺴﺎًء‬٣ ‫أن ﻋﺪًدا ﻛﺒﻴًﺮا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﻳﺤﻮﻟﻮن اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻨﺎة اﻷردﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬

215
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which sentence is true from the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ؟‬:1‫س‬
following?
A. A lot of people listen to the radio in their ‫ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ ﻓﻲ‬.‫أ‬
cars. .‫ﺳﻴﺎراﺗﻬﻢ‬

Q2: We infer that less than ______ of ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ______ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬:2‫س‬
women listen to the radio in Saudi Arabia. ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻤﻌﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
A. 30% ٪30 .‫أ‬

Q3: Lion's share in Paragraph 2 probably _____2 ‫ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﺼﺔ اﻷﺳﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:3‫س‬
means _____
B. majority. .‫ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: The English stations are _____ _____ ‫ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎت اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬:4‫س‬
C. few. ‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q5: What does the pronoun “them” refer to? ‫ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن؟‬:5‫س‬
B. private players ‫ اﻟﻼﻋﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﻦ‬.‫ب‬

Q6: The best title for this passage could be? ‫ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن؟‬:٦‫س‬
C. The Development of Radio in Saudi Arabia ‫ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻹذاﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q7: When the Urdu broadcast start? ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺑﺚ اﻻوردو؟‬:٧‫س‬

A. At 3 PM ‫ ﻋﺼﺮا‬٣ ‫ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬.‫أ‬

216
 😰 ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮه‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- There is a famous expression in English: "Stop the world, I want to get off!" This expression
refers to a feeling of panic, or stress, (Q1) that everyone must have felt it. It makes us want to
stop whatever we are doing, try to relax. 'Stress' means (Q2) pressure or tensionToo much
stress hurts our (Q3) body. It can have physical, emotional, and mental health problems.
‫ أرﻳﺪ أن أﻧﺰل!" ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬،‫ "أوﻗﻔﻮا اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬:‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬-1
.‫ وﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء‬،‫ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻋﺮ أو اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ‬.‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺑﺠﺴﻤﻨﺎ‬، ‫"اﻹﺟﻬﺎد" ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ أو اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬
.‫ﺟﺴﺪﻳﺔ وﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ وﻋﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬

2- The perception of threat activates the sympathetic nervous system and triggers an acute
stress response that prepares the body to fight or flee, which is fight-or-flight response. (Q4)
The fight-or-flight response is an automatic physiological reaction to an event that is
perceived as stressful or frightening.
‫ إن إدراك اﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﻨﺸﻂ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ اﻟﻮدي وﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺣﺎدة ﺗﻬﻴﺊ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬-2
‫ رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻲ أو اﻟﻬﺮوب ﻫﻮ رد ﻓﻌﻞ‬.‫ وﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاﺟﻬﺔ او اﻟﻬﺮوب‬،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺟﻬﺔ أو اﻟﻔﺮار‬
.‫ﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺤﺪث ﻳﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻫﻖ أو ﻣﺨﻴﻒ‬

3- It is obvious that stress is a serious problem especially if you are overloaded with it. It
attacks the body. It affects the emotions. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a
while.
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ اﻧﻪ ﻳﻬﺎﺟﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ وﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ أن اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺧﻄﻴﺮة ﺧﺎﺻﺔ إذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﺜﻘًﻠﺎ ﺑﻪ‬-3
.‫ أوﻗﻒ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ واﺳﺘﺮح ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬:‫ ﻗﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬،‫ ﻟﺬا‬.‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬

217
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why did the author use the pronoun ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻧﺤﻦ" ﻓﻲ‬:1‫س‬
"we" in the first paragraph? ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ؟‬
A. Because he believes that everyone has .‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻗﺪ ﻣﺮوا ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬.‫أ‬
experienced this feeling.

Q2: What is meant by the word "Stress"? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺿﻐﻂ"؟‬:2‫س‬

D. pressure ‫ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬.‫د‬

Q3: The pronoun it, 1st paragraph, refers to _____ ‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﻰ‬:٣‫س‬
______
B. Body. .‫ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: What is the meaning of " fight-or-flight ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ "اﻟﺮد ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاﺟﻬﺔ او اﻟﻬﺮوب"؟‬:٤‫س‬
response "?
A. the way the human body reacts to ‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬.‫أ‬
dangerous situations by facing them or ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ اﻟﺨﻄﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺘﻬﺎ أو اﻟﻬﺮوب‬
running away

Q5: What is the meaning of the word ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻘﻞ؟‬:5 ‫س‬
overloaded?
C. under pressure ‫ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬.‫ج‬

218
 🏫 ‫ﺟﻮﻟﻴﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Most people do not know that (Q1) Juliette Gordon Low, the founder of the Girl Scouts of
America, was deaf. Juliette Gordon was born in Savannah, Georgia.
‫ وﻟﺪت‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻤﺎء‬،‫ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻓﺘﻴﺎت اﻟﻜﺸﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮن أن ﺟﻮﻟﻴﻴﺖ ﺟﻮردون ﻟﻮ‬-1
.‫ ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﺎ‬،‫ﺟﻮﻟﻴﻴﺖ ﺟﻮردون ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻓﺎﻧﺎ‬

2 -Juliette married William Mackay Low and they went to live in England. But (Q5) he was
always busy with his own work and she had a lot of spare time. So, she became interested in
the Girl Guides Association there.
‫ﻤﺎ ﻣﺸﻐﻮًﻻ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻪ‬ً ‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن داﺋ‬.‫ ﺗﺰوﺟﺖ ﺟﻮﻟﻴﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ وﻳﻠﻴﺎم ﻣﺎﻛﺎي ﻟﻮ وذﻫﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا‬-٢
.‫ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻬﺘﻤﺔ ﺑﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺪات ﻫﻨﺎك‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺎص وﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ أوﻗﺎت اﻟﻔﺮاغ‬

3- One encounter that clearly demonstrates her persistence happened while she was in
Scotland. She was walking when she came to a stream. The only way across (Q2) the stream,
and Juliette was afraid to cross it alone, but she did it by walking on a foot log that was a few
metres away.
‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻤﺸﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﺗﺖ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﺮى ﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬.‫ ﺣﺪث ﻟﻘﺎء ﺗﻄﻠﺐ إﺻﺮارﻫﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻮاﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﺳﻜﺘﻠﻨﺪا‬-3
،‫ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻮﻟﻴﻴﺖ ﺗﺨﺸﻰ ﻋﺒﻮره ﺑﻤﻔﺮدﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﻟﻌﺒﻮر اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺟﺬع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﺪام‬
.‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ذﻟﻚ‬

4- When Juliette came back to America for a visit. She decided that there should be Girl Scout
troops all over the United States, so she worked toward that goal. Thanks to her, there are
now Girl Scouts all over the world.
‫ ﻗﺮرت أﻧﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺟﻨﻮد ﻓﺘﻴﺎت اﻟﻜﺸﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻋﺎدت ﺟﻮﻟﻴﻴﺖ إﻟﻰ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻓﻲ زﻳﺎرة‬-٤
‫ ﻫﻨﺎك اﻵن ﻓﺘﻴﺎت اﻟﻜﺸﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬،‫ ﺑﻔﻀﻠﻬﺎ‬.‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻬﺪف‬،‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
.‫أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬

219
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the title of the story? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬:1‫س‬
D. Juliette’s Profile ‫ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺟﻮﻟﻴﻴﺖ‬.‫د‬

Q2: What does the underlined pronoun "it" ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ "ﻫﻮ"؟‬:2‫س‬
refers to?
A. stream ‫ اﻟﻨﻬﺮ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What isn’t mentioned in the story? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮد ذﻛﺮه ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬:3‫س‬
A. Juliette’s death ‫ وﻓﺎة ﺟﻮﻟﻴﻴﺖ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Choose the correct order: :‫ اﺧﺘﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬:٤‫س‬

A. married, travelled, met girls, establish Girl ‫ أﺳﺴﺖ ﻓﺘﻴﺎت‬،‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺖ ﻓﺘﻴﺎت‬،‫ ﺳﺎﻓﺮت‬،‫ ﺗﺰوﺟﺖ‬.‫أ‬
Scouts. .‫اﻟﻜﺸﺎﻓﺔ‬

Q5: What do you think of her husband? :‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻋﺘﻘﺎدك ﻋﻦ زوج ﺟﻮﻟﻴﻴﺖ‬:٥‫س‬

A. busy with his work ‫ ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻪ‬.‫أ‬

220
 🌤 ‫ﻣﻨﺎخ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Middle East. It spans the vast majority of the
Arabian Peninsula.There are three climatic zones in the kingdom. This explains the weather
diversity all over the kingdom.
‫ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﻪ‬.‫ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ دوﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ‬-١
‫ ﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺴﺮ اﻟﺘﻨﻮع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء‬.‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺛﻼث ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
. ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬

2- Temperature in the Eastern Province like in Abha seldom rises above 35 °C (95.0 °F) during
the course of the year. (Q1) Abha has the highest perdtantage of rainfall annually. (Q2) It is
known as the city with the most rainfall of the year.
(‫ درﺟﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬95) ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬35 ‫ ﻧﺎدرﴽ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ أﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬-2
‫ وُﺗﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬،‫ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ أﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل ﻫﻄﻮل ﻟﻸﻣﻄﺎر ﺳﻨﻮًﻳﺎ‬.‫ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﺎم‬
.‫ﻫﻄﻮل ﻟﻸﻣﻄﺎر ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﺎم‬

3- (Q3) The eastern and central parts of Saudi Arabia, on the other hand, experience the
highest number of dust storms per year. it can completely block out the sun, making it nearly
impossible to see just a few feet in front of you like in (Q4) Qassim. It always has dust storms.
‫ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ واﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‬-3
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ رؤﻳﺔ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ‬،‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤﺠﺐ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ اﻟﺘﺮاﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم‬
.‫ﻤﺎ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻮاﺻﻒ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺔ‬
ً ‫ ﻓﻬﻲ داﺋ‬،‫أﻗﺪام ﻓﻘﻂ أﻣﺎﻣﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﻢ‬

4- With temperatures sometimes topping 48 degrees during the summer, (Q5) Makkah is
known to be the hottest city in Saudi Arabia.
‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف أن ﻣﻜﺔ‬،‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﻒ‬48 ‫ ﻣﻊ درﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة ﺗﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن إﻟﻰ‬-4
.‫اﻟﻤﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺮارة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬

221
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which of these areas has the highest ‫ أي ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻫﻄﻮل‬:١‫س‬
possibility of rain? ‫أﻣﻄﺎر؟‬
B. Abha ‫ اﺑﻬﺎ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What is the rainiest city? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻤﺪن أﻣﻄﺎرا؟‬:٢‫س‬

D. Abha ‫ أﺑﻬﺎ‬.‫د‬

Q3: Cities with no visibility from dust storms? ‫ ﻣﺪن ﺑﺪون رؤﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺒﺎب؟‬:٣‫س‬
B. Central and East ‫ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ واﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: Under certain conditions, which causes ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي‬،‫ ﻣﺘﻰ وﻓﻲ ﻇﻞ ﻇﺮوف ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬:٤‫س‬
blocking of vision in one of the following ‫ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻧﺴﺪاد اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ؟‬
areas?
B. dust in Qassim ‫ اﻟﺘﺮاب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﻢ‬.‫ب‬

Q5: Mention a city which has the hottest ‫ اذﻛﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ او ﻣﻜﺎن ﻃﻘﺴﻬﺎ ﺣﺎر؟‬:٥‫س‬
weather?
A. Makkah ‫ ﻣﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺮﻣﺔ‬.‫أ‬

222
 ⚽ ‫أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Playing is usually felt to be a universal activity and children are often portrayed as having
an (Q1) inherent desire and capacity to play.
ً ‫ ُﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻋﺎدة ﻧﺸﺎ‬- 1
‫ﻃﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻤًﻴﺎ وﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﻢ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ رﻏﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﺄﺻﻠﺔ وﻗﺪرة‬
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ‬

2- Play allows children to use their creativity while developing their imagination along with
physical, cognitive, and emotional strength. (Q2) Playing is important to healthy brain
development. It supports the use of abstract thought and symbols, communication and oral
language skills.
‫ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام إﺑﺪاﻋﺎﺗﻬﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬-٢
‫ وﻣﻬﺎرات اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬،‫ وﻫﻮ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻔﻜﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺮد واﻟﺮﻣﻮز‬.‫ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬.‫واﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ‬
.‫ واﻟﻘﺮاءة واﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت‬،‫ واﻟﺨﻴﺎل واﻹﺑﺪاع‬،‫ واﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ‬،‫واﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺸﻔﻮﻳﺔ‬

3- Playing at a very early age (Q3) allows children to explore nature, interact with others and
take care of themselves. Unstructured play develops children’s social skills. When play is
allowed to be child-driven, they ultimately engage fully in the passions they wish to pursue.
.‫ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ واﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ واﻻﻋﺘﻨﺎء ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‬-3
،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ُﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺪﻓﻮًﻋﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬.‫اﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﻳﻄﻮر ﻣﻬﺎرات اﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻳﻨﺨﺮﻃﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺮﻏﺒﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬

4- In fact, encouraging unstructured play may be an exceptional way to increase physical (Q5)
activity levels in children who are already active, which is one important strategy in the
resolution of the obesity epidemic.
‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﺒﺪﻧﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬-4
.‫ وﻫﻲ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ وﺑﺎء اﻟﺴﻤﻨﺔ‬،‫ﻟﺪى اﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻟﻨﺸﻄﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬

223
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why is playing important in childhood? ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ؟‬:1‫س‬
D. Playing discovers the desires and .‫ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ رﻏﺒﺎت اﻟﻄﻔﻞ وﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬.‫د‬
dispositions of the child.

Q2: The underlined pronoun, it '' refers to ______ ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬:2‫س‬
_____
B. playing. .‫ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: Why is early learning important for kids? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل؟‬:3‫س‬
A. Because they learn how to care about ‫ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻤﻮن ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎس‬.‫أ‬
people, themselves and nature. .‫ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ وﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬

Q4: What do you understand from the text? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺺ؟‬:4‫س‬
C. Children are very active. .‫ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﻧﺸﻴﻄﻮن ﺟﺪا‬.‫ج‬

Q5: Do games affect children's activity? ‫ ﻫﻞ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ اﻷﻟﻌﺎب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺸﺎط اﻷﻃﻔﺎل؟‬:5‫س‬
C. Playing increases activity. .‫ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط‬.‫ج‬

Q6: What is the title of this passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:6‫س‬

C. Playing is important in childhood. .‫ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬.‫ج‬

224
 🥥 ‫ﺷﺠﺮة ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
1- Coconut trees are known as the tree of life in some areas because (Q2) all its parts are
useful. The coconut tree (Q4) provides an endless supply of food, fuel, building material, and
cosmetics.
‫ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺷﺠﺮة ﺟﻮز‬.‫ وﺗﻌﺮف ﺑﺸﺠﺮة اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻷن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﺟﺰاﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﻴﺪة‬،‫ أﺷﺠﺎر ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ‬-1
.‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪ إﻣﺪادات ﻻ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺬاء واﻟﻮﻗﻮد وﻣﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء وﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻞ‬

2- If you were ever lost on a deserted island, (Q8) you can drink coconut water, eat its flesh
and build a house from its bark and leaves. You can also make building materials like a rope
from the coconut coir fibre. Once you’ve plucked coir fibre, twist it into short pieces.Twist
and roll until you have a rope. Secure it with a strong knot.
‫ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺷﺮب ﻣﺎء ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ وﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﻟﺤﻤﻬﺎ وﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﻨﺰل‬،‫ إذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻬﺖ ﻳﻮًﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة ﻣﻬﺠﻮرة‬-2
‫ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد ﻧﺘﻒ أﻟﻴﺎف ﺟﻮز‬.‫ﻀﺎ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻟﻴﺎف ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ أﻳ‬.‫ﻣﻦ ﻟﺤﺎءﻫﺎ وأوراﻗﻬﺎ‬
.‫ وﺛﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﻘﺪة ﻗﻮﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻠﻔﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة ﺛﻢ ﻟﻔﻬﺎ وﻟﻔﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺒﻞ‬،‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪ‬

3- Coconuts have a bowl within it. Inside this bowl, you will find the sweet, hydrating nut
water, which has more potassium than a banana.
‫ واﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ ﺳﺘﺠﺪ داﺧﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﻋﺎء ﻣﺎء ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻠﻮ واﻟﻤﺮﻃﺐ‬.‫ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﻟﻬﺎ وﻋﺎء ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬-3
.‫ﺑﻮﺗﺎﺳﻴﻮم أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮز‬

4- And from coconut milk comes coconut oil.(7) It’s an excellent moisturizer for lips, skin and
hair.
.‫ وﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻴﺐ ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ زﻳﺖ ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﻃﺐ ﻣﻤﺘﺎز ﻟﻠﺸﻔﺎه واﻟﺒﺸﺮة واﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬-٤

5- Don’t throw coconut shells away! The shells are a great composting material for high soil
regeneration, increasing mineral levels and water retention properties.
‫ وزﻳﺎدة‬،‫ﻻ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺸﻮر ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ! ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻷﺻﺪاف ﻣﺎدة ﺳﻤﺎد راﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬-٥
.‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬

6- (6) Coconut trees have a lot of uses. From the Flesh you can get food, milk, and flour. From
the water inside, you can make makeup and a healthy, refreshing drink. And the oil is used
for cooking, fuel ,skin, and hair.
‫ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻐﺬاء واﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ واﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ‬.‫ اﺷﺠﺎر ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﻟﻬﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﻛﺜﻴﺮة‬-٦
‫ واﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺒﺦ واﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬.‫اﻟﻤﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺪاﺧﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻜﻴﺎج وﻣﺸﺮوب ﺻﺤﻲ وﻣﻨﻌﺶ‬
.‫واﻟﺒﺸﺮة واﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬

225
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Choose a suitable title for the passage? ‫ اﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﻨﻮاﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
C. How a coconut tree can save your life ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺸﺠﺮة ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ أن ﺗﻨﻘﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Why is it thought that Coconut is ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة؟‬:2 ‫س‬
important for life?
B. Because each part of it serves us. .‫ ﻷن ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: What does “bowl” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "وﻋﺎء"؟‬:3 ‫س‬

A. container ‫ ﺣﺎوﻳﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What are the uses of the coconut tree ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻت ﺷﺠﺮة ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ‬:4 ‫س‬
that are not mentioned? ‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮد ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ؟‬
A. using fronds to make pillows ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺴﻌﻒ )اﻷوراق( ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﺪ‬.‫أ‬

Q5: The underlined pronoun, it, 2nd ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٥‫س‬
paragraph, refers to? ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬
A. coir ‫ ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: What is the point of last paragraph? ‫ اﻳﺶ اﻟﻬﺪف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷﺧﻴﺮة؟‬:6 ‫س‬
C. Uses of all parts of the coconut tree ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﺟﺰاء ﺷﺠﺮة ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ‬.‫ج‬

Q7: What are the benefits of the coconut tree ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﺷﺠﺮة ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة‬:٧‫س‬
that are mentioned in the 4th paragraph? ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ؟‬
A. using for Personal care ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q8: How can coconut save our life if we were ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺠﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ أن ﻳﻨﻘﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ إذا‬:8 ‫س‬
in an empty place? ‫ﻛﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻓﺎرغ؟‬
B. Drink coconut water, eat its flesh and build ‫ ﺷﺮب ﻣﺎء ﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ وأﻛﻞ ﻟﺤﻤﻪ وﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﻨﺰل‬.‫ب‬
a house from its bark and leaves. .‫ﻣﻦ ﻟﺤﺎﺋﻪ وأوراﻗﻪ‬

226
 🐝 ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Bees are insects known for their role in pollination and for producing honey. There are
many species of bees, some of which live socially in colonies.
‫ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬،‫ ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬.‫ اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﺣﺸﺮات ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺪورﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ وإﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‬-١
.‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋًﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮات‬

2- These (Q3) insects or bees are found on every continent. Their range in size varies from tiny
bee species, to the largest species of leafcutter bees.
‫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺸﺮات أو اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺎرة وﻳﺘﺮاوح ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ أﻛﺒﺮ‬-٢
.‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻟﻸوراق‬

3- One of the amazing facts about bees is that sniffer bees are insects that can be (Q6) trained
to perform a variety of tasks to detect substances.
‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺪﻫﺸﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﻞ أن اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺸﻤﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺸﺮات ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﻬﺎ ﻷداء ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬-3
.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﺎم ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﻮاد‬

4- Bees play an (Q2)important part in every aspect of ecosystem and its creatures. (Q1) Bees
produce necessary food, also support the growth of trees, flowers, and other plants, which
serve as food and shelter for large and small creatures.
،‫ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﻀﺮوري‬.‫ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ وﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗﻪ‬ً ‫ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻨﺤﻞ دوًرا ﻣﻬ‬-٤
.‫ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر واﻟﺰﻫﻮر واﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻐﺬاء وﻣﺄوى ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة واﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬

5- A new study compared the behavior of bees who received unexpected rewards to those
who did not, and found the bees that were rewarded became optimistic about new
challenges. While Bees who weren’t rewarded appeared to respond less enthusiastic.
،‫ دراﺳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻗﺎرﻧﺖ ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺂت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬-5
‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﺪا أن اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ‬.‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬
ً ‫ووﺟﺪت أن اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺄة أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺋ‬
.‫ﺳﺎ‬
ً ‫ُﻳﻜﺎﻓﺄ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ أﻗﻞ ﺣﻤﺎ‬

227
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the benefit of bees for the rest of ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت؟‬:١‫س‬
creatures?
A. necessary to produce food ‫ ﺿﺮوري ﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻐﺬاء‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What is the main idea of 4th paragraph? ‫؟‬٤ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:٢‫س‬
A. Bees are amazing insects that are important ‫ اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﺣﺸﺮات ﻣﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬.‫أ‬
not only to plants but to other creatures. .‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‬

Q3: The pronoun “Their” refers to: :"‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻢ‬:٣‫س‬
A. insects. .‫ اﻟﺤﺸﺮات‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What does the word “optimistic” means? ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ؟‬:٤‫س‬
A. They are not afraid. .‫ اﻧﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺨﺎﻓﻮن‬.‫أ‬

Q5: What does the word “creatures” means? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت؟‬:5 ‫س‬
B. living things ‫ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q6: Which paragraph talks about bee training? ‫ أي ﻓﻘﺮة ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻨﺤﻞ؟‬:٦ ‫س‬
B. Paragraph 3 ٣ ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬.‫ب‬

228
 🌉 ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1 Before the introduction of postage stamps in the 1800s, mail in the United Kingdom (Q2) was
paid by the recipient. It was hard to use because (Q3) the costs of delivering mail were not
recoverable by the postal service. And senders had no incentive to restrict (Q4) the number,
size, or weight of items sent.
.‫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬،‫ ﻗﺒﻞ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻊ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‬-١
‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺪم إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﺮداد ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
.‫ وﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﻴﻦ أي ﺣﺎﻓﺰ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﺔ أو ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ أو وزﻧﻬﺎ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬

2- The postage stamp afforded convenience for both the mailer and postal officials Their use
resulted in greatly increased mailings during the 19th and 20th centuries as (Q5) most of the
countries all over the world adopted the postal system.
‫ وﻗﺪ أدى اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ إﻟﻰ‬،‫ أﺗﺎح اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪي اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ واﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻳﻴﻦ‬-٢
‫زﻳﺎدة ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮاﺳﻼت ﺧﻼل اﻟﻘﺮﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ واﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
.‫أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺘﻜﻴﻴﻒ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪي‬

3-It is well documented that stamps were first introduced in (Q7) the United Kingdom of Great
Britain in 1840 as a part of postal reforms promoted by Sir Rowland Hill. With its
introduction, (Q8) the postage fee was paid by the sender and not the recipient.
1840 ‫ﺪا أﻧﻪ ﺗﻢ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻊ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬ً ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺛﻖ ﺟﻴ‬-٣
‫ ﺗﻢ دﻓﻊ رﺳﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬،‫ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ روج ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻴﺮ روﻻﻧﺪ ﻫﻴﻞ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ وﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻢ‬

229
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the title of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:1‫س‬
D. Mailing History ‫ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺳﻼت‬.‫د‬

Q2: When would someone get their mail in the ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻳﺪه ﻓﻲ‬:2‫س‬
old days? ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ؟‬
A. When receivers paid to receive a message. ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻤﻮن ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What was the hardship of sending messages ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ إرﺳﺎل اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن‬:٣‫س‬
in the 1800s. ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ؟‬
D. the delivery costs ‫ رﺳﻮم اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬.‫د‬

Q4: Based on what does sending messages cost ‫ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ إرﺳﺎل اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ؟‬:٤‫س‬
money?
D. the number, weight and size of the message ‫ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ووزﻧﻬﺎ وﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ‬.‫د‬

Q5: Did people accept the idea of postage? ‫ ﻫﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻊ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻳﺔ؟‬:٥‫س‬
A. Yes, the system was applied in most countries. .‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‬.‫ ﻧﻌﻢ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: The meaning of the word "adopted"? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ"؟‬:٦‫س‬

B. accepted ‫ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q7: What is the first country to apply a Postage ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أول دوﻟﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺮﻳﺪي؟‬:٧‫س‬
stamp?
B. the UK ‫ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬.‫ب‬

Q8: What did Hill suggest the government ‫ ﻣﺎذا اﻗﺘﺮح ﻫﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ أن‬:٨‫س‬
employee do? ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮا؟‬
D. to try to find a better way of sending mail ‫ ﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻟﺔ إﻳﺠﺎد ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬.‫د‬

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 🔠 ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ وﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The Ktunaxa people have existed for more than 10,000 years .The Kutenai language is the
native language of the Kutenai people. Currently, it is in danger of becoming extinct (Q1)
because it is only spoken by the elders of the community.
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬.Kutenai ‫ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻷم ﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬Kutenai ‫ ﻋﺎم وﻟﻐﺔ‬10000 ‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻨﺬ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬Ktunaxa ‫ ﺷﻌﺐ‬-1
.‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﻴﻮخ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬،‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻬﺪدة ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﺮاض‬

2- The Ktunaxa people have now taken the initiative to combine the existing knowledge and
pass it down from their elders using modern technology in an attempt to preserve the
language and ensure that it survives.
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺧﺬ ﺷﻌﺐ ﻛﺘﻮﻧﺎﻛﺴﺎ اﻵن زﻣﺎم اﻟﻤﺒﺎدرة ﻟﺪﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة وﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬-2
.‫اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ وﺿﻤﺎن ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬

3- As of November 2017, the Ktunaxa webpage has been very Q2) supportive and the Tribal
councils from the separate communities of the Ktunaxa nation have contributed with a
selection of different (Q4) material which is available online. It includes (Q5) audio recordings,
words, phrases and even games for younger generations. The webpage is (Q6) opened for the
public for free.
‫ داﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬Ktunaxa ‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬،2017 ‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺎًرا ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ‬-3
‫ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬.‫ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬Ktunaxa ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻷﻣﺔ‬
‫ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮر‬.‫اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼت اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ واﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت واﻟﻌﺒﺎرات وﺣﺘﻰ اﻷﻟﻌﺎب ﻟﻸﺟﻴﺎل اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺠﺎًﻧﺎ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why isn’t it too late to record the ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﻔﺖ اﻷوان ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ؟‬:1‫س‬
Kutenai language?
D. Because it is spoken by the elderly. .‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﻬﺎ ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﻦ‬.‫د‬

Q2: What is the author’s opinion about ‫ ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻛﺘﻮﻧﺎﻛﺴﺎ؟‬:٢‫س‬
Kutenai language website?
D. supportive ‫ داﻋﻢ ﻟﻪ‬.‫د‬

Q3: What does the word "preserve" mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﺤﻔﻆ"؟‬:٣‫س‬
B. protect ‫ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: The pronoun "it" in refers to _____ ______ ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﻮد ﻋﻠﻲ‬:٤‫س‬
D. material ‫ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬.‫د‬

Q5: How is it available online? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ؟‬:٥‫س‬

B: as recordings, games for children, written ‫ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬،‫ أﻟﻌﺎب ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل‬،‫ ﻛﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼت‬.‫ب‬
language

Q6: The materials that will be published and ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاد واﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ‬:٦‫س‬
the recordings will be available for _____ ____ ‫ﺳﺘﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻟـ‬
A. anyone who wishes to use it. .‫ أي ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‬.‫أ‬

232
 🐜 ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Did you know that there are about 8000 species of ants? They basically live in organized
groups called (Q2) colonies.
ً ‫ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ؟ إﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن أﺳﺎ‬٨٠٠٠ ‫ ﻫﻞ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ أن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬-١
‫ﺳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮات‬

2- Social lives of some members of the insect kingdom are sufficiently complex to suggest
more than a hint of intelligence. Among these, we exhibit the world of ants. Many types of
ants prey on the eggs and larvae of other (Q3) annoying household insects such as flies and
help to keep the house clean.
‫ وﻣﻦ‬.‫ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ أﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﺤﺸﺮات ﻣﻌﻘﺪة ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﻮﺣﻲ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺮد ذﻛﺎء‬-٢
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻐﺬى أﻧﻮاع ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺾ وﻳﺮﻗﺎت اﻟﺤﺸﺮات اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻧﻌﺮض ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺆﻻء‬
.‫اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﻤﺰﻋﺠﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺬﺑﺎب وﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﻧﻈﻴًﻔﺎ‬

3- Ants communicate with each other using pheromones, sounds, and touch. This helps them
to (Q5) get food by smell. Ants also (Q6) recognize each other and different ants through their
ability to smell.
‫ ﻫﺬا ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ ﻳﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت واﻷﺻﻮات واﻟﻠﻤﺲ‬-٣
‫ﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ وﻧﻤﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬ً ‫ ﻳﺘﻌﺮف اﻟﻨﻤﻞ أﻳ‬.‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ‬
.‫ﻗﺪرﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻢ‬

4- All ants have different characteristics. Ants have compound eyes consisting of many
smaller eyes. Ants use three pairs of joined legs to move. Ants are usually yellow, brown, red
or black in colour. Red ants can (Q7) live up 25 to 30 days. There is a type of nocturnal ants that
is less active during the day. This species lives in houses, palms, caves and wells. There is
another type of ants called (Q10) meat ants. It (Q8) protects the nest.
‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أزواج ﻣﻦ‬.‫ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻴﻮن ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻮن ﻛﺜﻴﺮة‬.‫ ﻟﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬-٤
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻌﻴﺶ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬.‫ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن أﺻﻔﺮ أو ﺑﻨﻲ أو أﺣﻤﺮ أو أﺳﻮد اﻟﻠﻮن‬.‫اﻷرﺟﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺮك‬
‫ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع‬.‫ﻃﺎ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬
ً ‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ اﻟﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻳﻜﻮن أﻗﻞ ﻧﺸﺎ‬.‫ ﻳﻮًﻣﺎ‬٣٠ ‫ إﻟﻰ‬٢٥ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
.‫ ﻳﺤﻤﻲ اﻟﻌﺶ‬.‫ وﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻮع آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻧﻤﻞ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل واﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ واﻟﻜﻬﻮف واﻵﺑﺎر‬

5- The queen is the (Q14) only female in the colony which can lay eggs. The other females are
(Q15) worker ants which build the nest and collect food.

‫ اﻹﻧﺎث اﻷﺧﺮﻳﺎت ﻫﻢ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬.‫ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻧﺜﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬-٥
.‫ وﻳﺠﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬،‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺒﻨﻮن اﻟﻌﺶ‬

233
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the best title? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان؟‬:1 ‫س‬
D. Ant mirror human activity ‫ ﻣﺮآة اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‬.‫د‬

Q2: How do ants live? ‫ أﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ؟‬٢‫س‬

C. in colonies ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮات‬.‫ج‬

Q3: Why are ants useful? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ؟‬:٣‫س‬

D. They eat insects and clean houses. .‫ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮن اﻟﺤﺸﺮات وﻳﻨﻈﻔﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﻮت‬.‫د‬

Q4: What does the word “exhibit”? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﻌﺮض"؟‬.٤‫س‬
A. display ‫ اﻟﻌﺮض‬.‫أ‬
Q5: How do ants get food? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ؟‬:٥‫س‬
A. by smell ‫ اﻟﺸﻢ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: How do ants know each other? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ؟‬:٦‫س‬
B. smell ‫ اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q7: Do red ants live long? ‫ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻃﻮﻳﻼ؟‬:٧‫س‬

C. No, maybe 25 to 30 days ‫ ﻳﻮًﻣﺎ‬30 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬25 ‫ رﺑﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ ﻻ‬.‫ج‬

Q8: Meat ant _____ _____ (‫ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ )ﻧﻤﻞ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ‬:٨‫س‬
B. protect their nest. .‫ ﻳﺤﻤﻮن اﻟﻌﺶ‬.‫ب‬

Q9: What is not mentioned in the ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:٩‫س‬

passage?
B. body ‫ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬.‫ب‬

Q10: The pronoun it (it) refers to _____ _____ ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬:1٠‫س‬
A. meat ant ‫ ﻧﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ‬.‫أ‬

Q11: Paragraph (4) was talks about the ‫( ﻛﺎن ﻳﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﺧﻮاص اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬3) ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:1١‫س‬
properties of ants except __ _____ ‫إﻻ‬
B. body composition. .‫ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬.‫ب‬

Q12: What is the meaning of ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ )اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ(؟‬:1٢‫س‬

(compound)?
D. complex ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ‬.‫د‬

Q13: What is the meaning of ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ )اﻟﻠﻴﻞ(؟‬:1٣‫س‬

(nocturnal)?
C. active at night ‫ ﻧﺸﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬.‫ج‬

Q14: Do all ants lay eggs? ‫ ﻫﻞ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻳﺒﻴﺾ؟‬:١٤‫س‬

B. No, just the queen. .‫ ﻓﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬،‫ ﻻ‬.‫ب‬

234
‫?‪Q15: Who helps the queen to get food‬‬ ‫س‪ :١٥‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم؟‬
‫‪A. working ants‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﻨﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪235‬‬
 🥊 ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻼي‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Muhammad Ali’s real name was Cassius Marcellus Clay. He travelled to the (1) 1960 Rome
Games to compete .Despite being only 18, he won all four of his fights easily. In the final (2) he
defeated his opponent in three- tournaments to win the gold medal as (3) an amateur boxer.
1960 ‫ وﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ إﻟﻰ دورة أﻟﻌﺎب روﻣﺎ ﻋﺎم‬،‫ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﻤﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﺳﻴﻮس ﻣﺎرﺳﻴﻠﻮس ﻛﻼي‬-١
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﺰم‬.‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﺎز ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﺎرﻛﻪ اﻷرﺑﻊ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬،‫ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ‬18 ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬
.‫ ﻟﻠﻔﻮز ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﻼﻛﻢ ﻫﺎٍو‬.‫ﺧﺼﻤﻪ ﺛﻼث ﺑﻄﻮﻻت‬

2- And then claimed his first championship by (5) defeating Sonny Liston in 1964 at (4/6) age 22,
and then joined the nation of Islam and converted his name to Muhammad Ali. A person who
wanted to use another name could simply assume the new one.
‫ ﺛﻢ اﻧﻀﻢ إﻟﻰ أﻣﺔ اﻹﺳﻼم‬،‫ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‬٢٢ ‫ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ‬١٩٦٤ ‫ ﺛﻢ ادﻋﻰ أول ﺑﻄﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻔﻮزه ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻮن ﻋﺎم‬-٢
‫ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﺳﻢ آﺧﺮ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ أن ﻳﺘﺨﺬ اﻻﺳﻢ‬.‫وﺗﺤﻮل اﺳﻤﻪ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
.‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬

3- On (9) September 15, 1978, boxer Muhammad Ali defeated(10) Leon Spinks to win the
world heavyweight boxing title for the third time in his career (12) at age 36. He won his
popularity after that victory.
‫ اﻧﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﻼﻛﻢ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻴﻮن ﺳﺒﻴﻨﻜﺲ ﻟﻴﻔﻮز ﺑﻠﻘﺐ اﻟﻤﻼﻛﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮزن‬،1978 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-3
.‫ وﻧﺎل ﺷﻌﺒﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﻮز‬،‫اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺗﻪ وﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻦ اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ واﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﻦ‬

4- He refused to join the military during the Vietnam War. He was sentenced to five years in
prison, but (11) the Supreme Court reversed it. Ali suffered Parkinson’s disease during his
retirement. (13) And he died on June 3, 2016.
‫ رﻓﺾ اﻻﻟﺘﺤﺎق ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻴﺶ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺣﺮب ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎم وﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻦ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺳﻨﻮات ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬-4
.2016 ‫ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬3 ‫ وﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ ﻋﺎﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮض ﺑﺎرﻛﻨﺴﻮن أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻘﺎﻋﺪه‬.‫ﻧﻘﻀﺖ ذﻟﻚ‬

236
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Where Clay got his first gold medal: ‫ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻛﻼي ﻋﻠﻰ اول ﻣﻴﺪاﻟﻴﺔ ذﻫﺒﻴﺔ؟‬:١‫س‬
B. Rome ‫ روﻣﺎ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: How many competitions did he take part ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت اﻟﻠﻲ ﺷﺎرك ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ اﺧﺬ اول‬:2‫س‬
until he got the medal in Rome: ‫ﻣﻴﺪاﻟﻴﺔ؟‬
A. 3 tournaments ‫ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت‬.‫أ‬

Q3: He was a/an _____ when he got his first .‫ ﻛﺎن _____ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اول ﻣﻴﺪاﻟﻴﺔ ذﻫﺒﻴﺔ‬:3‫س‬
gold medal
C. amateur boxer ‫ ﻣﻼﻛﻢ ﻫﺎوي‬.‫ج‬

Q4: He won his first champion when he was? ‫ ﻓﺎز ﺑﺄول ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮه؟‬:٤‫س‬
C. 22 years old ‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬٢٢ .‫ج‬

Q5: When Clay change his name? ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﻼي اﺳﻤﻪ؟‬:٥‫س‬
A. after Beating Sony Liston ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮزه ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻮن‬.‫أ‬

Q6: He converted to Islam when he was? ‫ اﻋﺘﻨﻖ اﻹﺳﻼم ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮه؟‬:6‫س‬
C. 22 years old ‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬٢٢ .‫ج‬

Q7: What is the meaning of the word “Convert”? ‫ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺣﻮل"؟‬:٧‫س‬
D. change ‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬.‫د‬

Q8: What is the meaning of the word ‫ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﻔﺘﺮض"؟‬:٨‫س‬

“assumed”?
C. took ‫ اﺧﺬ‬.‫ج‬

Q9: He won his third gold medal in? ‫ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ؟‬:٩‫س‬
C. 1978 ١٩٧٨ .‫ج‬

Q10: He became famous after beating? ‫ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻐﻠﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ؟‬:١٠‫س‬
A. Leon ‫ ﻟﻴﻮن‬.‫أ‬

Q11: Who supports his rejection of Vietnam ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي دﻋﻢ رﻓﻀﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺮب ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎم؟‬:١١‫س‬
War?
B. Supreme court ‫ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬.‫ب‬

Q12: He won his third gold medal when he was? ‫ ﻓﺎز ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮه؟‬:١٢‫س‬
A. 36 years old ‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬٣٦ .‫أ‬

Q13: He died on ‫ ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ؟‬:١٣‫س‬

A. June 3, 2016 ٢٠١٦ ‫ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬٣ .‫أ‬

237
 🪔 ‫اﻟﻌﻮد‬
92
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
1- Oud (agarwood or agar) (Q1) comes from trees found in India, Cambodia, Yemen, Thailand
and Ethiopia. (Q3) Oud is a fungal infection that comes from Aquilaria trees, which are
harvested and reaperd (Q4) from 4 or 5 types of trees.
‫ اﻟﻌﻮد‬.‫ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻌﻮد )اﻟﻌﻮد أو اﻷﺟﺎر( ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻨﺪ وﻛﻤﺒﻮدﻳﺎ واﻟﻴﻤﻦ وﺗﺎﻳﻼﻧﺪ وإﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ‬-1
.‫ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر‬5 ‫ أو‬4 ‫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺼﺎدﻫﺎ وﺟﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬Aquilaria ‫ﻋﺪوى ﻓﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ أﺷﺠﺎر‬

2- Oud has a very strong and unique smell that is available in (Q5) chips, which are lit and
burned. The scented smoke is (Q7) called Bakhoor. Oud is also available in an oil form. Once
the Oud oil has gone through the (Q8) distillation process, the Oud oil is kept in open sunlight
to (Q9) evaporate the excess moisture within the Oud oil. This ensures that the Oud oil is as
pure as possible to be used in perfumes and Dehan. Oud in its oil form (dehan) is a
considerable investment. It is sold and measured in 12-milliliter bottles called tola. Prices for
one tola range anywhere from SR300 to SR8,000.
‫ اﻟﺪﺧﺎن‬.‫ ﻟﻠﻌﻮد راﺋﺤﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺟﺪا وﻓﺮﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ وﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻴﺒﺲ ﺗﺸﻌﻞ وﺗﺤﺘﺮق‬-٢
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ‬،‫ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن ﻳﻤﺮ زﻳﺖ اﻟﻌﻮد ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻴﺮ‬.‫ﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺖ‬ ً ‫ اﻟﻌﻮد ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ أﻳ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄﺮ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺨﻮر‬
‫ ﻫﺬا ﻳﻀﻤﻦ أن‬.‫اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﻌﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺿﻮء اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮح ﻟﺘﺒﺨﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة داﺧﻞ زﻳﺖ اﻟﻌﻮد‬
‫ اﻟﻌﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ اﻟﺰﻳﺘﻲ )دﻳﻬﺎن( ﻫﻮ اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬.‫زﻳﺖ اﻟﻌﻮد ﻧﻘﻲ ﻗﺪر اﻹﻣﻜﺎن ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻄﻮر ودﻫﺎن‬
٣٠٠ ‫ ﺗﺘﺮاوح أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﺘﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺗﻮﻻ‬١٢ ‫ ﻳﺒﺎع وﻳﻘﺎس ﻓﻲ ﻋﺒﻮات ﺳﻌﺔ‬.‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬
.‫ رﻳﺎل ﺳﻌﻮدي‬٨٠٠٠ ‫رﻳﺎل ﺳﻌﻮدي إﻟﻰ‬

3- (Q10) Europe used Oud scent with rose oil and sandals. And a lot of international perfume is
embracing Oud for its distinctive long-lasting scent.
‫ واﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻄﻮر اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻀﻦ اﻟﻌﻮد‬.‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ أوروﺑﺎ راﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﻮد ﻣﻊ زﻳﺖ اﻟﻮرد واﻟﺼﻨﺎدل‬-٣
.‫ﻼ‬
ً ‫ﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺘﻪ اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪوم ﻃﻮﻳ‬

238
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Where does oud come from? ‫ ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻌﻮد؟‬:١‫س‬
D. all of the above ‫ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ورد أﻋﻼه‬.‫د‬

Q2: We can't use Oud in _____ ______ ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻮد ﻓﻲ‬:٢‫س‬
B. cleaning ‫ اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: How is Oud produced from the Oud's tree? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻌﻮد ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺮة اﻟﻌﻮد؟‬:٣‫س‬

A. infected fungus .‫ ﻋﺪوى ﻓﻄﺮﻳﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Oud is taken from: :‫ اﻟﻌﻮد ﻣﺄﺧﻮذ ﻣﻦ‬:٤‫س‬

D. 4, 5 types of trees ‫ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر‬5 ،4 .‫د‬

Q5: The Oud used in incense is in the form of ‫ اﻟﻌﻮد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺨﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ‬:٥‫س‬
_____ _____ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
C. chips ‫ رﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬.‫ج‬

Q6: What do “harvested” and ‘’reaperd” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺣﺼﺎد" و "ﺟﻤﻊ"؟‬:٦‫س‬

C. collected ‫ ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬.‫ج‬

Q7: What are the two uses in Oud? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻮد؟‬:٧‫س‬
A. oil and Bakhoor ‫ زﻳﺖ وﺑﺨﻮر‬.‫أ‬

Q8: What process changes Oud to perfume? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ ﻋﻄﺮ؟‬:٨‫س‬
D. distillation .‫ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻴﺮ‬.‫د‬

Q9: How do they make the little bottles called in ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺼﻨﻌﻮن اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ‬:٩‫س‬
Arabic Tola? ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﻻ؟‬
B. they evaporate it ‫ ﻳﺒﺨﺮوﻧﻬﺎ‬.‫ب‬

Q10: What kind of perfume do the Europeans use ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻌﻄﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ اﻷوروﺑﻴﻮن ﻣﻊ‬:١٠‫س‬
with Oud? ‫اﻟﻌﻮد؟‬
D. rose and sandals ‫ روز واﻟﺼﻨﺎدل‬.‫د‬

239
 🩺 ‫اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Ibn Sina or Avicenna, both names are correct, (2) the name just changes from one language
to another. (3) Ibn Sina began a study of medicine for 3 years and became one of the best
physicians that other distinguished physicians read the science of medicine under him. He
was (4)working hard all the day with his patients. He was really proficient.
‫ ﺑﺪأ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ دراﺳﺔ‬،‫ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ أو اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﻛﻼ اﻻﺳﻤﻴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎن اﻻﺳﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻐﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺧﺮى‬-١
‫ ﻛﺎن‬.‫ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻄﺐ ﺗﺤﺘﻪ‬.‫ ﺳﻨﻮات وأﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻷﻃﺒﺎء وﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ أﻃﺒﺎء ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰون ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬٣ ‫اﻟﻄﺐ ﻟﻤﺪة‬
.‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﻫًﺮا ﺣًﻘﺎ‬.‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺠﺪ ﻃﻮال اﻟﻴﻮم ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺿﺎه‬

2-Ibn Sina also (6) wrote 5 books in law. (7) All his book were translated into many languages.
His philosophical and medical work and his political involvement continued until his (8) death
at the age of 56 years.
‫ اﺳﺘﻤﺮت أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬.‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻟﻒ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺖ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ إﻟﻰ ﻟﻐﺎت ﻋﺪﻳﺪة‬-٢
.‫ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ‬٥٦ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ واﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ وﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻪ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ وﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻨﺎﻫﺰ‬

240
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Physicians in Paragraph one most ‫ اﻷﻃﺒﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﺟﺢ‬:1‫س‬
probably means _____ _____
A. doctors. .‫ اﻷﻃﺒﺎء‬.‫أ‬

Q2: Why did they call him Avicenna? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧﻮ ﻳﻠﻘﺒﻮﻧﻪ ﺑـﺎﭬﻴﺴﻴﻨﺎ؟‬:2‫س‬
C. His name changes from one language to .‫ ﻻن اﺳﻤﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬.‫ج‬
another.

Q3: After a study for many years, he became _____ ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ دراﺳﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻄﺐ ﻟﻌﺪة أﻋﻮام أﺻﺒﺢ‬:3‫س‬
a _____
B. physician. .‫ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: According to the passage, Ibn Sina was ‫ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﻤﻞ؟‬:4‫س‬
working _____
D. hard with his patients. .‫ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻘﻮة ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺿﺎه‬.‫د‬

Q5: What is the meaning of the word ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﺎرع؟‬:5‫س‬

“proficient”?
A. skilled. .‫ ﻣﻬﺎرة‬.‫أ‬

Q6: Ibn Sina wrote _____ books in law. ‫ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ _____ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن؟‬:٦‫س‬
B. 5 ٥ .‫ب‬

Q7: What happened to Ibn Sina’s books ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺣﺪث ﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ؟‬:٧‫س‬
A. They were translated to many languages. .‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬.‫أ‬

Q8: Ibn Sina dead when he was _____ _____ ‫ ﺗﻮﻓﻲ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮه‬:٨‫س‬
B. 56 years old. .‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬56 .‫ب‬

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 🏡 ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Couchsurfing is usually a cheap form of living used mainly by college students, where one
stays on (Q1) friends’ couches.
‫ﺼﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻃﻼب اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ً ‫ ﺷﻜ‬Couchsurfing ‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن‬-١
ً ‫ﻼ رﺧﻴ‬
.‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺮء ﻋﻠﻰ أراﺋﻚ اﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء‬،‫أﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬

2- Couchsurfing began in 2004 by a (Q2) group of students in Iceland who started the idea that
people anywhere would want to share their homes with strangers.
‫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻼب ﻓﻲ أﻳﺴﻠﻨﺪا اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﺪأوا ﻓﻜﺮة أن اﻟﻨﺎس‬2004 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬Couchsurfing ‫ ﺑﺪأت‬-2
.‫ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻜﺎن ﻳﺮﻏﺒﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻣﻨﺎزﻟﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎء‬

3- Couchsurfing is a global community of 14 million people in more than 200,000 cities

(Q3)who share their experiences, home, life, world, and their journey. Couchsurfing connects
travelers with a global network of people
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﺸﺎرﻛﻮن ﺗﺠﺎرﺑﻬﻢ وﺑﻴﺘﻬﻢ‬200000 ‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬14 ‫ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻳﻀﻢ‬-3
.‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬Couchsurfing ‫ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ‬.‫وﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ وﻋﺎﻟﻤﻬﻢ ورﺣﻠﺘﻬﻢ‬

4- Connection makes us happier; we need more of it. Connecting and accepting the kindness
of strangers strengthen our faith in each other and helps us all become better people.
‫ إن اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎء وﻗﺒﻮﻟﻬﻢ ﻟﻄﻔﻬﻢ‬.‫ ﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ‬.‫ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻌﺎدة‬-4
.‫ﺻﺎ أﻓﻀﻞ‬ً ‫ﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻧﺼﺒﺢ أﺷﺨﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻳﻘﻮي إﻳﻤﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻨﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ وﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﺟﻤﻴ‬

5- (Q4) Tolerance, respect and appreciation for differences are embodied in kindness. We
appreciate and share a desire to learn about one another.
‫ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻘﺪر وﻧﺸﺎرك اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺢ واﻻﺣﺘﺮام واﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻳﺘﺠﺴﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻄﻒ‬-٥
.‫ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬

242
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: If you are couchsurfing, you can stay _____‫ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء‬،Couchsurfing ‫ إذا ﻛﻨﺖ‬:1‫س‬
_____
B. with a friend. .‫ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺪﻳﻖ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: The idea of couchsurfing was born in ____2004 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬Couchsurfing ‫ وﻟﺪت ﻓﻜﺮة‬:2‫س‬
2004 ____
D. in Iceland. .‫ ﻓﻲ اﻳﺴﻠﻨﺪا‬.‫د‬

Q3: The main idea of paragraph 3 is _____ _____‫ ﻫﻲ‬3 ‫ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:3‫س‬
A. how people all over the world share their ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﺎرك اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻨﺎزﻟﻬﻢ‬.‫أ‬
home, experience, life and world happily ‫وﺧﺒﺮاﺗﻬﻢ وﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ وﻋﺎﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﻌﺎدة‬

Q4: According to paragraph 5, kindness _____‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻠﻄﻒ ﻳﺠﺴﺪ ﻗﻴﻢ‬،5 ‫ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:4‫س‬
embodies the values of _____
D. (A+B+C) (‫ ج‬+ ‫ ب‬+ ‫ )أ‬.‫د‬

243
 🏰 ‫ﻣﺪاﺋﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Madan Saleh is an important site. In 2008 UNESCO announced (Q3) it as a site of cultural
heritage, becoming Saudi Arabia's first World Heritage site. It was chosen for its well-
preserved remains from late antiquity, especially the 131 rock-cut huge tombs of the
Nabatean kingdom.
‫ ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ أول‬،‫ أﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺴﻜﻮ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺮاث اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬،2008 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ ﻣﺪان ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻬﻢ‬-1
‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻫﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬.‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺮاث اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺒﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺨﺮ واﻟﺘﻲ‬131 ‫ وﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪدﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮة‬
ً ‫ﺟﻴ‬
.‫ﺗﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎط‬

2- It is the largest conserved site of the civilization of the Nabataeans south of Petra in
Jordan. (Q4) Petra was known as the capital of the Nabataeans state.
‫ ُﻋﺮﻓﺖ اﻟﺒﺘﺮاء ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ وﻻﻳﺔ‬.‫ وﻫﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ ﻟﺤﻀﺎرة اﻷﻧﺒﺎط ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺒﺘﺮاء ﻓﻲ اﻷردن‬-2
.‫اﻷﻧﺒﺎط‬

3- Prophet Saleh was sent to the Thamud. The people of the city were remorseful, but their
crime could not be undone, (Q5) Saleh and his believers left the city to escape from the
destroy.
‫ ﻓﻐﺎدر ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬،‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﻘﺾ‬،‫ وﻛﺎن أﻫﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﺎدﻣﻮن‬.‫ أرﺳﻞ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ إﻟﻰ ﺛﻤﻮد‬-3
.‫وﻣﺆﻣﻨﻮه اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺮًﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬

4- Nabateans (Q6) didn't give decorations a high interest in Madinah. Some places would be
lack any decorations on the processional way.
‫ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ‬.‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ اﻷﻧﺒﺎط ﻳﻌﻄﻮن اﻟﺰﺧﺎرف أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻮرة‬-٤
.‫ ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺮ إﻟﻰ أي زﺧﺎرف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺻﺨﺮة ﻣﺴﺎوﻣﺔ‬

244
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the meaning of the word ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻜﺎن؟‬:1‫س‬
“site”?
A. place. .‫ ﻣﻜﺎن‬.‫أ‬

Q2: The pronoun “its” refer to ______ ‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻰ؟‬:2‫س‬

A. Madain Saleh. .‫ ﻣﺪاﺋﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: Why is Madain Saleh Important place? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻣﺪاﺋﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻬﻢ؟‬:3‫س‬
A. its great historical cultural site. .‫ ﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻲ وﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ راﺋﻊ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: The author describes the Petra as ____ ‫ وﺻﻒ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﺒﺘﺮاء ﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎ؟‬:٤‫س‬
C. the capital of the Nabatean state .‫ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻄﻴﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q5: Why did prophet Saleh leave his ‫ ﻏﺎدر اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ؟‬/‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﺮك‬:٥‫س‬
people?
C. He prevented believers from .‫ ﻟﻴﺤﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻼك‬.‫ج‬
destruction.
‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ اﻟﻨﺒﻄﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﻲ؟‬:٦‫س‬
Q6: Which of the following didn’t the
Nabataeans do? .‫ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬.‫د‬
D. decorations in Madinah.

245
 🌴 ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Dates, one of the oldest cultivated crops, grow on palm trees. Dates (Q3) grow in large
bunches at the top the palm trees, which thrive in hot climates. The fruits range in color from
pale yellow to a dark red brown. Dates harvested at the yellow stage(Q4) require further
ripening before they can be properly preserved. Fully ripe, dark-colored dates are ready for
preservation as soon as they are harvested.
‫ ﻳﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة أﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻗﺪم اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺰروﻋﺔ وﻳﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺠﺮة ﻧﺨﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺮ‬-1
.‫ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻟﻮن اﻟﺜﻤﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻷﺻﻔﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﻫﺖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﻲ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ اﻟﺪاﻛﻦ‬.‫أﺷﺠﺎر اﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰدﻫﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﺎت اﻟﺤﺎرة‬
.‫ﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻀﺞ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ً ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺘﻤﻮر اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺼﺎدﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﻣﺰﻳ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﻤﻮر اﻟﻨﺎﺿﺠﺔ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ وذات اﻷﻟﻮان اﻟﺪاﻛﻨﺔ ﺟﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺤﻔﻆ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد ﺣﺼﺎدﻫﺎ‬

2- (Q2)There are many advantages of dates. It is important for dates to be an essential part of
one’s diet. Dates are composed of various fats, sugar, vitamins, and minerals, which our body
requires and during pregnancy, dates strengthen the muscles of the uterus. Dates also
strengthen a weak heart Dates are rich in fibres and one can easily digest them. Researchers
showed that dates can also be helpful in curing certain abdominal diseases including
abdominal cancer. Dates treat constipation, prevent night blindness and improve the health
of eyes.
‫ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﺟﺰًءا أﺳﺎﺳًﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺮد‬.‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻮر ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻳﺪة‬
.‫دﻫﻮن وﺳﻜﺮ وﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﺎت وﻣﻌﺎدن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﺟﺴﻤﻨﺎ وأﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻳﻘﻮي اﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻀﻼت اﻟﺮﺣﻢ‬
‫ أﻇﻬﺮ‬.‫ﻛﻤﺎ أن اﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻳﻘﻮي اﻟﻘﻠﺐ اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺮء أن ﻳﻬﻀﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬
.‫ﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج ﺑﻌﺾ أﻣﺮاض اﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺒﻄﻦ‬ ً ‫ﺪا أﻳ‬
ً ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن أن اﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﻴ‬
.‫ﻳﻌﺎﻟﺞ اﻟﺘﻤﺮ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك وﻳﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻰ اﻟﻠﻴﻠﻲ وﻳﺤﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The passage is mainly talking about ____ ‫ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ رﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻋﻦ ــــــــــــ‬:1‫س‬
A. the advantages of dates ‫ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﻤﺮ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: One of the following is NOT an ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺮ‬:2‫س‬
advantage of dates.
B. Dates increase constipation. ‫ اﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك‬.‫ب‬

Q3: The underlined word “thrive’ in ‫ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﺰدﻫﺮ" اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ‬:3‫س‬
Paragraph 1 probably means _____ ‫ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬١ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. grow ‫ ﺗﻨﻤﻮ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Yellow dates and dark-colored dates ___ ‫ اﻟﺘﻤﺮ اﻷﺻﻔﺮ واﻟﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺪاﻛﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن ـــــــــ‬:٤‫س‬
B. are preserved differently after harvested. ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺼﺎده ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬.‫ب‬

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 🥀 ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻮث‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Outdoor air pollution is emissions caused by combustion. (Q1) Although it is dangerous, the
internal pollution is more dangerous because (2) we spend 90% of our time inside homes not
outside.
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮرة اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ إﻻ أﻧﻪ‬.‫ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬-١
.‫ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺘﻨﺎ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﻮت وﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺎرج‬٪٩٠ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻄﻮرة ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﻀﻲ‬

2- (Q18) Air pollutants have many reasons and causes .(Q3) Black carbon is a pollution that from
kerosene. The (Q4) diesel is also considered a big source of external air pollution.
‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﺼﺪًرا‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪﻳﺰل أﻳ‬.‫ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻷﺳﻮد ﻫﻮ ﺗﻠﻮث ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻴﺮوﺳﻴﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻟﻪ أﺳﺒﺎب ﻋﺪﻳﺪة‬-2
.‫ﻛﺒﻴًﺮا ﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬

3- (Q10) Contamination and Indoor air pollutants could be harmful to breathe in. Because
there is (Q5) no fresh air, as a result, this poor indoor air quality has been linked to lung
diseases like asthma, and (Q7) cancer.
‫ وﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬،‫ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﻮاء ﻧﻘﻲ‬.‫ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث وﻣﻠﻮﺛﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺿﺎرة ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق‬-3
.‫ﺟﻮدة اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ارﺗﺒﻄﺖ ﺑﺄﻣﺮاض اﻟﺮﺋﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻮ واﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن‬

4- Moreover, office devices can release VOCs. Mixtures of organic pollutants are (Q13) emitted
by seven office devices, i.e., computers, printers, etc.
‫ ﺗﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻸﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮة‬،‫ ﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬-4
.‫ أي أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ واﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺎت وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ أﺟﻬﺰة ﻣﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ‬

5- (Q8) Air is made up of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. (Q9) There
are around 856 kinds of chemicals that cause air pollution.
‫ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬.‫ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮوﺟﻴﻦ واﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ واﻷرﺟﻮن وﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن وﺑﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺎء‬-5
.‫ ﻧﻮًﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء‬856

6- (Q11) India is the third-most polluted country in the world. Because they use a lot of
synthetic material.
.‫ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﻫﻲ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ أﻛﺜﺮ دول اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﻠﻮًﺛﺎ‬-6

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7- We can reduce air pollution (Q19) by using wood and natural furniture which is essential for
our health. We can also preserve the environment (Q20) by using washable dishes and cups .
‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أﻳ‬.‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺨﺸﺐ واﻷﺛﺎث اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻟﻀﺮوري ﻟﺼﺤﺘﻨﺎ‬-7
.‫اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻃﺒﺎق وأﻛﻮاب ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺴﻞ‬

248
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why is internal pollution more dangerous ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ أﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
than external pollution?
A. Because people stay most of their time ‫ ﻷﻧﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﺠﻠﺴﻮا ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اوﻗﺎﺗﻬﻢ داﺧﻞ‬.‫أ‬
inside. .‫ﻣﻨﺎزﻟﻬﻢ‬

Q2: How much time do we spend inside our ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻘﻀﻴﻪ داﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﺎزﻟﻨﺎ؟‬.2 ‫س‬
houses?
B. 90% of our time. .‫ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺘﻨﺎ‬٪٩٠ .‫ب‬

Q3: What is the name of pollutant from ‫ ﻣﺎ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻠﻮث ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻴﺮوﺳﻴﻦ؟‬:3 ‫س‬
kerosene?
D. black carbon ‫ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻷﺳﻮد‬.‫د‬

Q4: What is the big source of aerial clutter/ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻻﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ؟‬:4 ‫س‬
external pollution?
A. diesel ‫ اﻟﺪﻳﺰل‬.‫أ‬

Q5: The main reason for lung disease is? ‫ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﺮﺋﺔ ﻫﻮ؟‬:5 ‫س‬
C. lack of fresh air ‫ ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻨﻘﻲ‬.‫ج‬

Q6: What is the meaning of word “essential”? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺟﻮﻫﺮي"؟‬:6 ‫س‬
A. important ‫ ﻫﺎم‬.‫أ‬

Q7: What is the disease that is caused by ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺮض اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺒﺒﻪ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث؟‬:7 ‫س‬
pollution?
A. cancer ‫ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن‬.‫أ‬

Q8: The air consists of? ‫ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻦ؟‬:8 ‫س‬

B. nitrogen, oxygen and water vapour ‫ اﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮوﺟﻴﻦ واﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ وﺑﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺎء‬.‫ب‬

Q9: How many chemicals cause air pollution? ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎوﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻠﻮث‬:9 ‫س‬
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء؟‬
B. 856 85٦ .‫ب‬

Q10: What doesn’t contamination cause? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﻳﺴﺒﺒﻪ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث؟‬:10 ‫س‬

A. allergy ‫ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

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Q11: What is the third polluted country? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ دوﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث؟‬:11 ‫س‬
B. India ‫ اﻟﻬﻨﺪ‬.‫ب‬

Q12: Which paragraph talks about diseases? ‫ أي ﻓﻘﺮة ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻻﻣﺮاض؟‬:12 ‫س‬
C. paragraph 3 3 ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬.‫ج‬

Q13: What is the source of VOCs? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮة؟‬:13 ‫س‬
A. printers and computers ‫ اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺎت وأﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬.‫أ‬

Q14: What is the meaning of “synthetic ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ "اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ؟‬:14 ‫س‬
materials”?
B. artificial ‫ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬.‫ب‬

Q15: What is the opposite of “synthetic”? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻜﺲ " اﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ"؟‬:15 ‫س‬

C. natural ‫ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬.‫ج‬

Q16: What do you understand from the first ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ؟‬:16 ‫س‬
paragraph?
A. Indoor pollution is dangerous than outdoor .‫ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ اﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬.‫أ‬
pollution.

Q17: What is the best title for the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:17 ‫س‬
A. Pollution ‫ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث‬.‫أ‬

Q18: Which paragraph talks about Air ‫ أي ﻓﻘﺮة ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاء؟‬:18 ‫س‬
pollutants?
B. paragraph 2 2 ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬.‫ب‬

Q19: How we can reduce pollution? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث؟‬:19 ‫س‬
A. Use wood and natural things. .‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺨﺸﺐ واﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q20: How we can preserve the environment? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ؟‬:20 ‫س‬
A. Use washable dish and cups. .‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻃﺒﻖ وأﻛﻮاب ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺴﻞ‬.‫أ‬

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 🍦 ‫اﻻﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- In New York City there is an almost antique (Q1) ice cream car driven by (Q2) the best driver
who makes the best ice cream ever. He is (Q4) a happy man who never complains about
anything.
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺳﻴﺎرة آﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ ﻳﻘﻮدﻫﺎ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﻳﺼﻨﻊ أﻓﻀﻞ آﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك‬-1
.‫ﺪا ﻣﻦ أي ﺷﻲء‬ً ‫ إﻧﻪ رﺟﻞ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﻜﻲ أﺑ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﻼق‬

2- The explorer Marco Polo saw ice cream during his expedition to China. It is said that the
first person to discover and (Q7) invent ice cream was Smithson. During the world War, there
(Q8) wasn't much sugar so the ice cream industry was affected negatively.

‫ وﻳﻘﺎل إن أول ﺷﺨﺺ‬،‫ رأى اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﻣﺎرﻛﻮ ﺑﻮﻟﻮ اﻵﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﺧﻼل رﺣﻠﺘﻪ اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ‬-2
‫ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻛﺘﺸﻒ واﺧﺘﺮع اﻵﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﺎن ﺳﻤﻴﺜﺴﻮن‬
.‫ﺗﺄﺛﺮت ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻵﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﺳﻠًﺒﺎ‬

3- (Q9) Fruit was added to ice cream in Asia. Ice cream has a lot of flavours, and now (Q10)
frozen dessert contains 60% ice cream.
‫ واﻵن ﺗﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﺤﻠﻮى اﻟﻤﺠﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ وﻟﻪ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻜﻬﺎت‬،‫ أﺿﻴﻔﺖ اﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻵﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﻓﻲ آﺳﻴﺎ‬-3
.‫ آﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ‬٪60

251
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the car's name? What is the ‫ ﻣﺎ اﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة؟ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة؟‬:١‫س‬
type of car?
B. ice cream car ‫ ﺳﻴﺎرة اﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Who is the best car driver? ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﺳﻴﺎرة؟‬:٢‫س‬

A. the driver of an ice cream car ‫ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﺳﻴﺎرة اﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What is the main idea of paragraph (1)? :‫( ﺗﻔﻬﻢ أﻧﻪ‬1) ‫ ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٣‫س‬
D. A good driver ‫ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﺟﻴﺪ‬.‫د‬

Q4: What is right about the ice cream's car ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺠﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﺳﻴﺎرة اﻵﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ؟‬:4‫س‬
driver?
A. He is happy and does not complain. .‫ إﻧﻪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ وﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﻜﻲ‬.‫أ‬

Q5: What is the best title of this passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:5‫س‬
C. Ice cream history ‫ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻵﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ‬.‫ج‬

Q6: What does " expedition " mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ "اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ"؟‬:6‫س‬
B. journey ‫ رﺣﻠﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q7: Who discovers ice cream? ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻵﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ؟‬:٧‫س‬

D. Smithson ‫ ﺳﻤﻴﺜﺴﻮن‬.‫د‬

Q8: What happened to the ice-cream ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺣﺪث ﻟﻶﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ اﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ؟‬:٨‫س‬
during the World War?
A. didn’t have enough sugar. .‫ اﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻛﺎن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﺎف‬.‫أ‬

Q9: Who added fruits to ice cream? ‫ ﻣﻦ أﺿﺎف اﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻵﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ؟‬:9‫س‬
C. Asia ‫ آﺳﻴﺎ‬.‫ج‬

Q10: The frozen desert includes 60% of ? ‫ ﻣﻦ؟‬٪60 ‫ اﻟﺤﻠﻮى اﻟﻤﺠﻤﺪة ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ‬:10‫س‬
C. Ice cream ‫ اﻵﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ‬.‫ج‬

252
 ✨ ‫اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The sun may appear to be the largest star in the sky but that's just because it's the closest.
The largest known star in the universe is UY Scuti, (Q1) a hypergiant with a radius around 1,700
times larger than the sun.
‫ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻓﻲ‬.‫ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﺪو اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء وﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﻟﻤﺠﺮد أﻧﻬﺎ اﻷﻗﺮب‬-1
.‫ ﻣﺮة أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬1700 ‫ وﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻼق ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻄﺮه ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬،UY Scuti ‫اﻟﻜﻮن ﻫﻮ‬

2- Without the atmosphere in the way, NASA can take some of the most precise pictures
available from space by using earth-bound camera. It is used to shoot an extended area.(Q5)
That helps scientists to study everything about the stars. The time we need for shooting a
star in daylight is different than at night; it will take (Q6) thirty seconds at night to take one
photo.
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط ﺑﻌﺾ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺼﻮر دﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء‬،‫ ﺑﺪون اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬-2
‫ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻤﺘﺪة‬.‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض‬
‫ وﺳﻮف‬،‫ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎر ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬.‫دراﺳﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم‬
.‫ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮق اﻷﻣﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎط ﺻﻮرة واﺣﺪة‬

3- But this isn’t sufficient for the scientists. They believe there are some things in the sky that
we will unlikely see.
.‫ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪون أن ﻫﻨﺎك أﺷﻴﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻟﻦ ﻧﺮاﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﺟﺢ‬،‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﴼ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬-3

4- We can (Q3) classify stars according to their colours and size. Stars can be blue , white or
red. After all, our sun is a star. Year after year we see the sun up in the sky, thinking it is
brighter than ever, giving us heat and light.
‫ ﺑﻌﺪ‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم زرﻗﺎء أو ﺑﻴﻀﺎء أو ﺣﻤﺮاء‬.‫ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺣﺴﺐ أﻟﻮاﻧﻬﺎ وﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ‬-4
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻳﻦ أﻧﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ إﺷﺮاًﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ ﻧﺮى اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺗﺸﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء‬،‫ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ‬.‫ ﺷﻤﺴﻨﺎ ﻧﺠﻤﺔ‬،‫ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‬
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﺤﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﻀﻮء‬،‫أي وﻗﺖ ﻣﻀﻰ‬

253
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the biggest star size? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻧﺠﻢ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
A. It’s 1,700 times bigger than the sun. .‫ ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬1700 ‫ ﻫﻮ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺑـ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What is the colour is not mentioned in ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:2 ‫س‬
the passage?
D. green ‫ أﺧﻀﺮ‬.‫د‬

Q3: What is the best title of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:3 ‫س‬
A. Classifying stars according to colours ‫ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺣﺴﺐ اﻷﻟﻮان واﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬.‫أ‬
and size

Q4: What does the pronoun “it” refers to? ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻮ"؟‬:4 ‫س‬
C. camera ‫ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮا‬.‫ج‬

Q5: Why are scientists shooting stars? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺼﻮر اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﺠﻮم؟‬:5‫س‬
B. to study them ‫ ﻟﺪراﺳﺘﻬﻢ‬.‫ب‬

Q6: The time we need to shoot a star at _____ ‫ﻼ ﻫﻮ‬

ً ‫ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻟﻴ‬:6‫س‬
night is _____
C. thirty seconds. .‫ ﺛﻼﺛﻮن ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q7: What the author did not use in ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬:7 ‫س‬
comparing starts? ‫اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺎت؟‬
D. brightness ‫ اﻟﺴﻄﻮع‬.‫د‬

Q8: What does the word “sufficient” ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻛﺎف"؟‬:8 ‫س‬
means?
A. enough ‫ ﻛﻔﻰ‬.‫أ‬

Q9: What does the word “brighter” ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ أﻓﺘﺢ؟‬:9 ‫س‬
means?
A. shinier ‫ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻟﻤﻌﺎن‬.‫أ‬

Q10: What is the nearest meaning for the ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ"؟‬:10 ‫س‬
word “unlikely”?
D. improbable ‫ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬.‫د‬

254
 🍕 ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Pizza is a common love for (Q3) Italians and people all around the world. It originated in
Italy. You will find there a different pizza in each city. Then it was (Q1) adopted by the different
cultures and many other cultures have adapted pizza to their own liking. Even now you will
find the (Q2) frozen pizza sold at supermarkets not only at the restaurants. This is to meet the
increased demand.
‫ ﺳﺘﺠﺪ ﻫﻨﺎك‬.‫ ﻧﺸﺄت ﻓﻲ إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬.‫ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا ﻫﻲ ﺣﺐ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻟﻺﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ واﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬-1
‫ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺒﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ واﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى ﻗﺎﻣﺖ‬.‫ﺑﻴﺘﺰا ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن ﺳﺘﺠﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا اﻟﻤﺠﻤﺪة ُﺗﺒﺎع ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻼت اﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮ ﻣﺎرﻛﺖ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬.‫ﺑﺘﻜﻴﻴﻒ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا ﺣﺴﺐ رﻏﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬
.‫ ﻫﺬا ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﺰاﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻋﻢ‬

2- (Q6) Shakey’s pizza is the first franchise pizza chain in the United States. It was founded in
Sacramento, California on April 30, 1954.
،‫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻛﺮاﻣﻨﺘﻮ‬، ‫ ﺑﻴﺘﺰا ﺷﻜﻲ ﻫﻲ أول ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﺘﺰا اﻣﺘﻴﺎز ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬-2
.1954 ‫ أﺑﺮﻳﻞ‬30 ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬

3- Pizza is considered to be an unhealthy food although it contains many vitamins because it

(Q5) contains high calories .

‫ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا ﻣﻦ اﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﺣﺘﻮاﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﺎت ﻻﺣﺘﻮاﺋﻬﺎ‬-3
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻌﺮات ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

255
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why pizza is a popular dish? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﻌﺒﻲ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
A. adapted to different cultures. .‫ اﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: Why pizza sold at supermarkets? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﺒﺎع اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮ ﻣﺎرﻛﺖ؟‬:2‫س‬
B. to meet the increasing demand ‫ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﺰاﻳﺪ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: The pronoun “there” refers to? ‫ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻨﺎك" ﻳﺸﻴﺮ؟‬:3‫س‬

A. Italy. .‫ اﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What is the best title of this passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:4‫س‬
D. Popularity of pizza ‫ ﺷﻬﺮة اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا‬.‫د‬

Q5: Why pizza is not healthy? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ؟‬:5‫س‬

A. contains a lot of high calories. .‫ ﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻌﺮات اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: Shaky pizza opened in _____ _____ ‫ ﺑﻴﺘﺰا ﺷﻴﻜﻲ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻓﻲ‬:6‫س‬
D. California, 1954. .1954 ‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ‬.‫د‬

256
 🏆 ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The King Faisal Foundation was set up by the sons of King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. (Q1)
And now the King’s sons’ role is to serve as the chairman of the foundation. (Q2)The Board of
Trustees of the Foundation suggests the prize.
‫ واﻵن دور أﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻠﻚ‬.‫ أﻧﺸﺄت ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ أﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ آل ﺳﻌﻮد‬-١
.‫ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ أﻣﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻳﻘﺘﺮح ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة‬.‫ﻫﻮ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬

2- (Q3) King Faisal International Prize is an annual award sponsored by King Faisal Foundation
presented to dedicated men and women whose contributions make a positive difference in
the following categories: (Q4) Islamic studies, Arabic Language, Arabic Literature, Science, and
Medicine.
‫ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﺮﻋﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ وﺗﻘﺪم ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎل واﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬-٢
،‫ واﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻓﺮًﻗﺎ إﻳﺠﺎﺑًﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺌﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
.‫ واﻟﻄﺐ‬،‫ واﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬،‫واﻷدب اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬

3- (Q5) The first King Faisal International Prize was awarded to Sayyid Abul A'ala Maududi in
1979 for his service to Islam. In 1981, King Khalid received the same award. In 1984, King
Fahd was the recipient of the award.
‫ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ ﻟﺨﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻟﻺﺳﻼم‬١٩٧٩ ‫ ُﻣﻨﺤﺖ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ أﺑﻮ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮدودي ﻋﺎم‬-٣
.‫ ﺣﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة‬،١٩٨٤ ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ ﺣﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة‬،١٩٨١ ‫ﻋﺎم‬

4- (Q6) Islamic institutions, universities and previous winners of the King Faisal International
Prize can nominate a person for the award.
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت واﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﺠﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ‬-٤
.‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﺋﺰة‬

5-The responsible party for nominating the winners is (Q7) the secretariat of the award.
.‫ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰﻳﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺳﻜﺮﺗﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة‬-٥

6- The prize in each of the five categories consists of:

(Q8) 1. A handwritten certificate.
2. A commemorative gold medal.
3. A cash endowment
:‫ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺌﺎت اﻟﺨﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ‬-٦
.‫ ﺷﻬﺎدة ﺑﺨﻂ اﻟﻴﺪ‬.١
.‫ ﻣﻴﺪاﻟﻴﺔ ذﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﺬﻛﺎرﻳﺔ‬.٢
. ‫ وﻗﻒ ﻧﻘﺪي‬.٣

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What do the sons of King Faisal role to ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻔﻌﻞ أﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة؟‬:1‫س‬
the prize?
B. They serve as the chairman of king Faisal .‫ ﻳﺸﻐﻠﻮن ﻣﻨﺼﺐ رﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‬.‫ب‬
Foundation.

Q2: Who Suggested the prize? ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻗﺘﺮح اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة؟‬:2‫س‬

B. the Board of Trustees of the Foundation .‫ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ أﻣﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: How often do they give the prize? ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺮة ﻳﻤﻨﺤﻮن اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة؟‬:3‫س‬
C. once a year ‫ ﻣﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q4: In how many fields is the King Faisal ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻨﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ‬:٤‫س‬
International Prize granted? ‫ﻓﻴﺼﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ؟‬
A. 5 ٥ .‫أ‬

Q5: When was the first prize? ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة اﻷوﻟﻰ؟‬:5‫س‬
A. in 1979 1979 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫أ‬

Q6: Who can nominate a person for the King ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‬:٦‫س‬
Faisal International Prize? ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ؟‬
C. islamic institutions, universities and ‫ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت واﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰون اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻮن‬.‫ج‬
previous winners

Q7: Who is the responsible party for ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰﻳﻦ؟‬:7 ‫س‬
nominating the winners?
A. the Secretariat of the award .‫ أﻣﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة‬.‫أ‬

Q8: What does the prize consist of? ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة؟‬:٨‫س‬
B. cash money, a gold medal and a certificate ‫ اﻟﻨﻘﻮد وﻣﻴﺪاﻟﻴﺔ ذﻫﺒﻴﺔ وﺷﻬﺎدة‬.‫ب‬

Q9: Paragraph 3 mainly talks about _____ _____ ‫ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺣﻮل‬2 ‫ ﺗﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٩‫س‬
B. the winners of the prize. .‫ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰون ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة‬.‫ب‬

258
 🕊 ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Pigeons are incredibly complex and intelligent birds and they are highly sociable animals.
They are often seen in flocks of 20-30 birds.
‫ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ‬.‫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ذﻛﻴﺔ وﻣﻌﻘﺪة ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺪق اﻟﻄﻴﻮر وﻫﻲ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬-1
.‫ ﻃﺎﺋًﺮا‬30-20 ‫رؤﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎن ﻣﻦ‬

2- (Q5) Pigeons build their nests at any place. One day, there was a pigeon building its nest on
my balcony. After a few days, the nest created a (Q4) very bad smell like waste and because of
it, I couldn't take my breath. (Q3) Pigeons are like rats; they eat the fallen food on the ground
and make noises when they eat. Pigeons aren’t able to see at night that well, which differs
from the nocturnal birds such as owls.
‫ ﺑﻌﺪ أﻳﺎم‬.‫ ذات ﻳﻮم ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﻤﺎم ﻳﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻓﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﻳﺒﻨﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم أﻋﺸﺎﺷﻪ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻜﺎن‬-2
‫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻣﺜﻞ‬.‫ وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ أﺳﺘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬،‫ﺪا ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻔﻀﻼت‬ ً ‫ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﻌﺶ راﺋﺤﺔ ﻛﺮﻳﻬﺔ ﺟ‬،‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم أن ﻳﺮى‬.‫ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮن اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض وﻳﺼﺪرون أﺻﻮاًﺗﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮن‬،‫اﻟﻔﺌﺮان‬
.‫ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﻴﻮر اﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺒﻮم‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ‬

3- Pigeons were used to carry essential messages during natural disasters. They can survive
(7) hard circumstances. Their ability to fly in adverse weather conditions is thought to have
saved many human lives.
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬.‫ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻜﻮارث اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬-3
‫ ُﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن ﻗﺪرﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻴﺮان ﻓﻲ ﻇﺮوف ﺟﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ ﻗﺪ أﻧﻘﺬت اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷرواح‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬

4- Pigeons are amazing creatures, but (6) we aren't used to having them as pets.
.‫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت راﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻟﺴﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﺎدﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻣﺘﻼﻛﻬﺎ ﻛﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت أﻟﻴﻔﺔ‬-4

259
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does paragraph one talk about? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺪﺛﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻻوﻟﻲ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
B. Pigeons ‫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم‬.‫ب‬

Q2: The word “nocturnal” probably means? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ؟‬:٢‫س‬

A. active at night ‫ ﻧﺸﻴﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: Why does the writer say that pigeons are ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻗﺎل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ان اﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻳﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﻔﺌﺮان؟‬:٣‫س‬
similar to rats?
B. They feed on the fallen food. .‫ ﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: Why did the writer can’t breathe? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ؟‬:٤‫س‬
C. Pigeons smell like trash. .‫ ﻻﻧﻪ راﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻛﺎﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q5: Where do the pigeons build nests? ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻳﺒﻨﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم اﻻﻋﺸﺎش؟‬:٥‫س‬
A. in any place ‫ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻜﺎن‬.‫أ‬

Q6: What is not true about pigeons from the ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ؟‬:٦‫س‬
following?
A. They are pets. .‫ اﻧﻬﻢ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻴﻒ‬.‫أ‬

Q7: Paragraph 3 mainly talks about _____ ‫ ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﻦ؟‬:٧‫س‬
A. the ability to live in all circumstances or ‫ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻈﺮوف أو‬.‫أ‬
conditions. .‫اﻟﻈﺮوف‬

260
 ⚔ ‫اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- World War II occurred (Q1) (Q2) during the years 1939 - 1945. It was a war that involved
virtually every part of the world and cost the most deaths ever. (Q3) More than 25 million of
the dead were from the military. What made (Q4) World War II different than other wars was
that it caused more destruction. And (Q5) it was costly too; the cost of World War II was more
than three wars before.
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺮًﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﻠﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬.1945 - 1939 ‫ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻷﻋﻮام‬-1
‫ ﻣﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﻴﻦ‬25 ‫ وﻛﺎن أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ وﻛﻠﻔﺖ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﻼق‬
‫ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬.‫ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺮوب اﻷﺧﺮى ﻫﻮ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻣﺎر‬
.‫ﻀﺎ؛ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث ﺣﺮوب ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬
ً ‫ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ أﻳ‬

2- The threat of the vast combined German army, navy and air force, also enabled Hitler to
occupy Austria and Czechoslovakia without any blood-bath. (Q6) They used advanced weapons
that enabled them to shatter the whole city easily. Almost 80 years ago, the weather
stopped the Nazi war, (Q7) because the temperature was about -40 degree.
‫ ﻣﻜﻦ ﻫﺘﻠﺮ ﻣﻦ اﺣﺘﻼل اﻟﻨﻤﺴﺎ‬،‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أن اﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸﻜﻠﻪ اﻟﺠﻴﺶ اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﺒﺤﺮي واﻟﺠﻮي اﻟﻀﺨﻢ‬-2
‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮا أﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻮرة ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬.‫وﺗﺸﻴﻜﻮﺳﻠﻮﻓﺎﻛﻴﺎ دون أي ﺣﻤﺎم دم‬
.‫ درﺟﺔ‬40- ‫ ﻷن درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬،‫ أوﻗﻒ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻨﺎزﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ‬80 ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ‬.‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬

3- (Q8) After the war, people were busy with problems. (Q9) The first necessary reform was
providing people with food. This time while all the world was thinking how of they can build
the country again; (Q10) it was a very good chance for committing crime and breaking the law.
‫ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬.‫ ﻛﺎن أول إﺻﻼح ﺿﺮوري ﻫﻮ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﻨﺎس‬.‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻧﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬-3
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى؛ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻻرﺗﻜﺎب ﺟﺮﻳﻤﺔ‬
.‫وﺧﺮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬

261
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How long did World War II last? ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﺳﺘﻤﺮت اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬:1 ‫س‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬
B. 6 years ‫ ﺳﻨﻮات‬٦ .‫ب‬

Q2: When did the World War II begin? ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪأت اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬:2‫س‬
A. In 1939 ١٩٣٩ ‫ ﻓﻲ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: How many militaries were killed in World ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﻴﻦ؟‬:٣‫س‬
War II?
C. 25 million ‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن‬٢٥ .‫ج‬

Q4: World War II differs from other wars ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬:٤‫س‬
because? ‫ﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺤﺮوب؟‬
A. more destruction happened .‫ ﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﺒﺖ دﻣﺎر أﻛﺒﺮ‬.‫أ‬

Q5: What is the cost of World War II? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬:٥‫س‬
B. more than three wars before ‫ ﻛﻠﻔﺖ اﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث ﺣﺮوب‬.‫ب‬

Q6: Why were weapons more destructive? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ دﻣﺎر أﻛﺒﺮ؟‬:٦ ‫س‬
D. Because they used advanced weapons. .‫ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮ أﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻮرة‬.‫د‬

Q7: Why did World War II end in the winter? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻧﺘﻬﺖ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬:٧‫س‬
‫اﻟﺸﺘﺎء؟‬
B. Because it was cold. .‫ ﻻن اﻟﺠﻮ ﻛﺎن ﺑﺎرد‬.‫ب‬

Q8: After the war, people were? ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﺎس؟‬:8‫س‬
A. busy with problems ‫ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬.‫أ‬

Q9: What was the first reform after the end of ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻛﺎن اول اﺻﻼح ﺻﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﺮب؟‬:9‫س‬
war?
D. provide food for people. .‫ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻐﺬاء ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺐ‬.‫د‬

Q10: After the end of the war, which of the ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ارﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﻟﺤﺮب؟‬:10‫س‬
following increase?
D. crime and breaking the law ‫ اﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ وﺧﺮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬.‫د‬

Q11: What the word “occur” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﺤﺪث؟‬:11‫س‬

A. happen ‫ ﻳﺤﺪث‬.‫أ‬

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 🌊 ‫ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The idea of (Q1) connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea is as old as the pharaohs.
About 150 years ago, Great Britain had a growing trade with India, (Q2) The canal, helped the
europeans and the British ships in order to trade with India. A canal through the Isthmus of
Suez would cut the journey from Great Britain to India by 6,000 miles.
‫ ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪى‬،‫ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ‬150 ‫ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬.‫ ﻓﻜﺮة رﺑﻂ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻔﺮاﻋﻨﺔ‬-1
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﺗﺠﺎرة ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪت اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻷوروﺑﻴﻴﻦ واﻟﺴﻔﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻣﻊ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻞ‬6000 ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄن ﻗﻨﺎة ﻋﺒﺮ ﺑﺮزخ اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ أن ﺗﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬.‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪ‬

2- (Q3) A French company led by Ferdinand de Lesseps made a deal with Egypt to build the
Suez Canal in Port Saeed, (Q4) which is called man-made harbour. The Egyptian ruler, Ismail,
celebrated the opening of the Suez Canal by building a huge palace in Cairo. If we compared
this new building with Suez Canal, (Q5) we will find it extremely inexpensive. Ismail invited
royalty from around the world to a celebrate in honour of the new canal.
‫ أﺑﺮﻣﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﺎدة ﻓﺮدﻳﻨﺎﻧﺪ دﻳﻠﻴﺴﺒﺲ ﺻﻔﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ ﺑﺒﻮرﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬-2
‫ اﺣﺘﻔﻞ اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي إﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺘﺎح ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ ﺑﺒﻨﺎء‬.‫واﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﺄ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ دﻋﺎ‬.‫ ﻓﺴﻨﺠﺪه ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬،‫ إذا ﻗﺎرﻧﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ‬.‫ﻗﺼﺮ ﺿﺨﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‬
.‫إﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮك ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻔﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮف اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬

263
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Suez Canal connects between _____ _____ ‫ ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ‬:١‫س‬
A. two seas. .‫ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: To whom was the opening of the Suez Canal ‫ ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻤﻴﻦ؟‬:٢‫س‬
important?
B. Europeans ‫ اﻷوروﺑﻴﻴﻦ‬.‫ب‬

Q3: What is the nationality of the project ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع؟‬:٣‫س‬

manager?
B. French ‫ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻲ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: Port Saeed is _____ _____ ‫ ﺑﻮرﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن‬:4‫س‬

A. Man-made harbour. .‫ ﻣﺮﻓﺄ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻻﻧﺴﺎن‬.‫أ‬

Q5: If we compared the new palace with Suez ‫ اذا ﻗﺎرﻧﺎ اﻟﻘﺼﺮ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ ﻓﺎن‬:5‫س‬
Canal then the palace is ______ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﺮ ـــــــــ‬
B. extremely inexpensive. .‫ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬.‫ب‬

264
 💉 ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Hijaamah is the profession of cupping in which a cup is used to collect the blood and a
lancet is used by the cupper to make a (Q1) surface wound. And this instrument must be (Q2)
clean and sanitized.
‫ اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﻮب ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺪم واﻟﻤﺒﺮط ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﺎب ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬-1
.‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه اﻷداة ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ وﻣﻌﻘﻤﺔ‬.‫ﺟﺮح ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬

2- Cupping has been known since ancient times. It helps to treat some diseases and (Q3)
energize the body. Cupping is recommended (Q6) to be done once a year or more.
‫ ﻳﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺮة ﻓﻲ‬.‫ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺮاض وﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬.‫ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﻘﺪم‬-2
.‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ أو أﻛﺜﺮ‬

3- The first documented uses are found in the teachings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
(Q4) According to Muhammad al-Bukhari, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon
him) approved of the Hijaamah (cupping) treatment. We use it to remove the toxin from our
body as (Q5) toxin is the main cause of headache.
‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ‬،‫ ووﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‬.‫ أول اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﻮﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬- 3
‫ واﻟﺴﻢ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬،‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎه ﻹزاﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻤﻮم ﻣﻦ أﺟﺴﺎﻣﻨﺎ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ واﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻼج ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﺪاع‬

265
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What type of injury is needed for ‫ أي ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺮوح ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
cupping?
A. surface wound ‫ اﻟﺠﺮوح اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬
Q2: According to paragraph one, which of ‫ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة اﻻوﻟﻲ أي ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷدوات ﻣﻄﻠﻮب؟‬:٢‫س‬
this thing is needed?
D. clean instruments ‫ أدوات ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q3: What are the benefits of cupping? .‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ‬:٣‫س‬

A. energize our body. .‫ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Is it recommended to have cupping? :‫ ﻫﻞ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ؟‬:٤‫س‬

A. Yes, it’ s recommended by prophet ‫ اوﺻﻰ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ‬،‫ ﻧﻌﻢ‬.‫أ‬
Muhammad. .‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬

Q5: What is the reason of headache? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﺼﺪاع؟‬:٥‫س‬

C. toxin ‫ اﻟﺴﻤﻮم‬.‫ج‬

Q6: When is it recommended to do cupping? ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ؟‬:٦‫س‬

B. once a year or more ‫ ﻣﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ او اﻛﺘﺮ‬.‫ب‬

266
 🩸 ‫اﻧﻮاع اﻟﺪم‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- There are four basic blood types in the ABO typing system:
- Type A blood and Type B blood have antigens and make antibodies to fight each other.
- Type AB blood .
- (Q1) Type O blood doesn't have either type of antigen.
:ABO ‫ ﻫﻨﺎك أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻧﻮاع أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬-1
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻀﺪات وﻳﺼﻨﻌﺎن أﺟﺴﺎًﻣﺎ ﻣﻀﺎدة ﻟﻤﺤﺎرﺑﺔ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬B ‫ واﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع‬A ‫ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع‬-
.‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
.AB ‫ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺪم‬-
.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻀﺪات‬O ‫ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع‬-

2- Blood type is inherited. It is passed genetically (Q2) from your parents. And to donate your
blood, all other donors and recipients must be safely compatible.
‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺮﻋﻴﻦ‬،‫ وﻟﻠﺘﺒﺮع ﺑﺪﻣﻚ‬،‫ إﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ وراﺛًﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ واﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬.‫ ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺪم ﻣﻮروﺛﺔ‬-2
.‫واﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻴﻦ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﺄﻣﺎن‬

3- Donating or receiving blood is complicated. (Q3) Type O blood, since it doesn't have
antibodies or antigens for either type, can be donated to recipients with all four types of
blood. Type AB, on the other hand, does not create antibodies for either antigen, (Q4) can
receive blood from all four types, but can but can only donate to other AB recipients.
‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﺴﺎم‬O ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺒﺮع ﺑﺎﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع‬،‫ﺪا‬ ً ‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﺮع ﺑﺎﻟﺪم أو ﺗﻠﻘﻴﻪ أﻣًﺮا ﻣﻌﻘ‬-3
‫ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‬.‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﻠﻘﻴﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺪم اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ‬،‫ﻣﻀﺎدة أو ﻣﺴﺘﻀﺪات ﻷي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ‬
‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ‬،‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ‬،‫ أﺟﺴﺎًﻣﺎ ﻣﻀﺎدة ﻷي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻀﺪات‬AB ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬
.‫ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬AB ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺮع ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ‬

267
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Blood group _______ has no antigens. .‫ ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺪم _______ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻀﺪات‬:1 ‫س‬
B. (O) (O) .‫ب‬

Q2: The underlined word “inherited” in ‫ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﻤﻮروﺛﺔ" اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻓﻲ‬:2‫س‬
paragraph 2 probably means _____ _____2 ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
D. taken from parents. .‫ ﻣﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬.‫د‬

Q3: Type (O) blood can be donated to ‫( ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻠﻘﻴﻦ ﻣﻊ‬O) ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺒﺮع ﺑﺎﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع‬:3‫س‬
recipients with all four types of blood _______ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺪم اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
because it _______
A. doesn’t have antibodies or antigens for ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﺴﺎم ﻣﻀﺎدة أو ﻣﺴﺘﻀﺪات ﻷي ﻣﻦ‬.‫أ‬
either type. .‫اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ‬

Q4: The blood type that can receive blood ‫ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ‬:4 ‫س‬
from all four types, but can only donate to AB ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺒﺮع ﺑﻬﺎ‬،‫اﻟﺪم ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ‬
recipients is called _____ ________ AB ‫إﻻ ﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ‬
D. (AB) (AB) .‫د‬

Q5: What does the word “compatible” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻖ؟‬:5 ‫س‬
B. match .‫ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬.‫ب‬

Q6: What is not mentioned in the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ؟‬:6 ‫س‬
A. talk about the ABO blood type. .ABO ‫ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪم‬.‫أ‬

268
 ⛵ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن ﺑﻴﺮي راﻳﺲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Ahmed Mohiuddin Perry, better known as Perry Reese, was an Ottoman admiral, (Q1)
navigator, geographer and (Q2) mapmaker.
ً ‫ أﻣﻴﺮاًﻟﺎ وﻣﻼ‬،‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺮي رﻳﺲ‬،‫ ﻛﺎن أﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺮي‬-. 1
.‫ﺣﺎ وﺟﻐﺮاﻓًﻴﺎ ورﺳﺎم ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧًﻴﺎ‬

2- Perry Reese is primarily known for his maps and charts collected in (Q3) his Kitab Albahriah
(The book of Navigation), a book that contains detailed information on navigation which will
help (Q4) ships sea travel. (Q5) He gave this book to Sultan Selim I in 1525.
،"‫ ﻳﺸﺘﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﺮي رﻳﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎم اﻷول ﺑﺨﺮاﺋﻄﻪ وﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ "ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬-2
‫ أﻋﻄﻰ‬.‫وﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺤﺮﴽ‬
.1525 ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎن ﺳﻠﻴﻢ اﻷول ﻋﺎم‬

3- He gained fame as a cartographer when a small part of his first world map (prepared in
1513) was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul.
(1513 ‫ اﻛﺘﺴﺐ ﺷﻬﺮة ﻛﺮﺳﺎم ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺟﺰء ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ أول ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻢ )أﻋﺪت ﻋﺎم‬-3
.‫ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺗﻮﺑﻜﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ اﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل‬1929 ‫ﻋﺎم‬

269
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What fields did Perry Reese contribute in? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺮي رﻳﺲ؟‬:١‫س‬
C. geography and navigation ‫ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎ واﻟﻤﻼﺣﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What was the scientist’s job? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬:٢‫س‬
A. map maker ‫ ﺻﺎﻧﻊ ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: The author of The Book of Navigation is ______ ‫ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﻼﺣﺔ‬:3 ‫س‬
______
B. Perry Reese. .‫ ﺑﻴﺮي راﻳﺲ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: What does the book talk about? ‫ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎذا ﻛﺎن ﻳﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﻜﺘﺎب؟‬:4 ‫س‬
D. Ships Sea travel ‫ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻔﺮ اﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﺑﺤﺮا‬.‫د‬

Q5: When did he give Kitab Albahriah to the ‫ ﻣﺘﻰ اﻋﻄﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎن؟‬:5 ‫س‬
Sultan?
B. in 1525 ١٥٢٥ ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ب‬

Q6: What does the word "cartographer" mean? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ رﺳﺎم ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ؟‬:٦ ‫س‬
A. mapmaker ‫ ﺻﺎﻧﻊ ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ‬.‫أ‬

Q7: What is the nearest meaning of the word ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ رﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ؟‬:٧ ‫س‬
“chart”?
A. map ‫ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ‬.‫أ‬

270
 🧂 ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- According to a 700-year-old (Q1) epic, while fighting the giants, a great princess dropped
her ring into a salt mine at the battlefield at Marmaros in Hungary. After victory, on her way
back home, she stopped at Weiliczka and told her servants to dig a well. Instead of water, salt
was discovered and in the first lump of salt, which was taken out, princess’ ring was found.
‫ أﺳﻘﻄﺖ أﻣﻴﺮة ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻠﺢ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻗﺘﺎل اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ‬،‫ ﻋﺎم‬٧٠٠ ‫ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ‬-١
‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻮدﺗﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎر‬.‫ﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻣﺎروس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺮ‬
،‫ وﻓﻲ أول ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻠﺢ ﺗﻢ إزاﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﻠﺢ‬،‫ وﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء‬.‫ وﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺑﺌﺮ‬Weiliczka
.‫ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺗﻢ اﻷﻣﻴﺮة‬

2- The story was mentioned in different cultures in different ways. Although the legend is a
story but it is true that for over seven centuries, salt has been mined from the rock below the
town of Weiliczka.
‫ إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻷﺳﻄﻮرة ﻫﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ‬.‫ وردت اﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﻄﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬-2
.Weiliczka ‫ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻤﻠﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر أﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ أﻧﻪ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﺮون‬

3- The constant danger made the miners deeply religious and chapels were constructed
underground where church services were held. (Q7) After a chapel was destroyed by fire in
1960, miners were not allowed to take wooden statues into the mine, so they began to carve
sculpture from rock salt.
‫ وﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﺼﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض ﺣﻴﺚ‬،‫ أدى اﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻣﺘﺪﻳﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺸﺪة‬-3
‫ ﻟﻢ ُﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﺑﺄﺧﺬ‬،1960 ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﺑﻨﻴﺮان ﻋﺎم‬.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﺎم اﻟﺼﻠﻮات اﻟﻜﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬
.‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺪأوا ﻓﻲ ﻧﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻮﺗﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﺢ اﻟﺼﺨﺮي‬،‫ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻴﻞ ﺧﺸﺒﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺠﻢ‬

4- Nowadays (Q8) visitors are shown how salt was mined long ago .They can also see pretty
green lakes, and chapels with beautiful carvings.
‫ﻀﺎ رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﻴﺮات‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻠﺰوار ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻤﻠﺢ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ أﻳ‬-٤
.‫اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ واﻟﻤﺼﻠﻴﺎت ذات اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻮﺗﺎت اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ‬

271
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the type of the first paragraph? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ؟‬:1‫س‬
A. epic ‫ اﺳﻄﻮري‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What kind of the story is section 2? ‫؟‬٢ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٢‫س‬
A. realistic ‫ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: Why did the princess ask the servants to ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻃﻠﺒﺖ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺣﻔﺮ اﻟﺒﺌﺮ؟‬:٣‫س‬
dig the well?
C. to bring her some water ‫ ﻟﻴﺤﻀﺮوا ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه‬.‫ج‬

Q4: The best title of the passage could be __ __‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﻮ‬:٤‫س‬
B. The Story of the Discovery of Salt. ‫ ﻗﺼﺔ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﻠﺢ‬.‫ب‬

Q5: Where did they find the princess’s ring? ‫ أﻳﻦ وﺟﺪوا ﺧﺎﺗﻢ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ؟‬:٥‫س‬
B. in a heap of salt ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﺢ‬.‫ب‬

Q6: What does the word “legend” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﺳﻄﻮرة"؟‬:٦‫س‬
C. a tale ‫ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q7: Miners began to carve sculptures from ‫ ﺑﺪأ ﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻮﺗﺎت ﻣﻦ‬:٧‫س‬
rock salt because they were ___ ______ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺢ اﻟﺼﺨﺮي ﻷن‬
B. safer than wood. ‫ أﻛﺜﺮ أﻣﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬.‫ب‬

Q8: The underline pronoun “They” in ‫ إﻟﻰ‬4 ‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺴﻄﻴﺮ "ﻫﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٨‫س‬
paragraph 4 refers to _____ ______
D. visitors. .‫ اﻟﺰوار‬.‫د‬

272
 🥢 ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك‬
١٠٩
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Miswak is a teeth cleaning twig made from a twig of the Salvadora persica tree (known as
(Q1) arak in Arabic), a traditional alternative to the modern toothbrush.

‫ اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك ﻫﻮ ﻏﺼﻴﻦ ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ﻏﺼﻴﻦ ﺷﺠﺮة ﺳﻠﻔﺎدورا ﺑﻴﺮﺳﻴﻜﺎ )اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬-1
.‫ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪي ﻟﻔﺮﺷﺎة اﻷﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬.(‫ﺑﺎﻷراك‬

2- (Q2) It has then been proved by more than 200 studies that miswak is better than
toothbrushes. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of the miswak.
‫ أوﺻﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬.‫ دراﺳﺔ أن اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك ﻻ ﻳﺰال أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮش اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬200 ‫ ﺛﻢ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬-2
.‫( ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك‬WHO) ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬

3- Dr. Rami Mohammed Diabi discussed the (Q3) effects of miswak on health, and especially its
anti-addiction effects on smokers . Miswak also is contributing to the fight against
desertification thereby affecting our environment and the global climate.
.‫ راﻣﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ دﻳﺎﺑﻲ آﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ آﺛﺎره اﻟﻤﻀﺎدة ﻟﻺدﻣﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻨﻴﻦ‬.‫ ﻧﺎﻗﺶ د‬-3
.‫ﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻨﺎ وﻣﻨﺎﺧﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬
ً ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك أﻳ‬

4- The use of the miswak is frequently advocated in the hadith by Prophet Mohamed. (Q4) The
situations where using miswak is recommended are before religious practice, on Fridays,
before sleeping and after waking up.
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ‬،‫ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﴽ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺎدى اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬-4
.‫ وﻳﻮم اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﻮم وﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻘﺎظ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬

5- There is also a toothpaste made from miswak. However, (Q6) it is not a true alternate
practice of using miswak in its original shape and in the masnoon way.
‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك‬،‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﻌﺠﻮن أﺳﻨﺎن ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ أﻳ‬-5
.‫ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ وﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻮن‬

273
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: We bring Miswak from _____ _____ ‫ ﻧﺤﻀﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك ﻣﻦ‬:1 ‫س‬
B. Arak tree. .‫ ﺷﺠﺮة اﻻراك‬.‫ب‬

Q2: The results of more than 200 studies on ‫ دراﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك‬200 ‫ أﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬:٢ ‫س‬
miswak and ordinary toothbrushes proved _______ ‫وﻓﺮش اﻷﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﺑﺄن‬
that _______
B. miswak is much better than toothbrushes ‫ اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك أﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮش اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬.‫ب‬

Q3: The main idea of paragraph 3 is _______ _______‫ ﻫﻲ‬3 ‫ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:٣ ‫س‬
B. the effects of miswak on health and ‫ آﺛﺮ اﻟﺴﻮاك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬.‫ب‬
environment

Q4: Paragraph 4 talks about _______ _______‫ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ‬4 ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٤ ‫س‬
A. where and when miswak is recommended ‫ أﻳﻦ وﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺴﻮاك‬.‫أ‬
to be used

Q5: Who suggested using Miswak? ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي أوﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك؟‬:٥ ‫س‬
A. Prophet Mohamed ‫ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: The last paragraph mentions that the ‫ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷﺧﻴﺮة إﻟﻰ أن ﻣﻌﺠﻮن اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬:٦ ‫س‬
toothpaste made from miswak extract _______‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك‬
_______
B. is not a true alternate practice of using ‫ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺴﻮاك‬.‫ب‬
miswak in its original shape ‫ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬

274
 💡 ‫ادﻳﺴﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Edison ended three months of official schooling. Edison recalled later, My mother was the
making of me. She was so true, so sure of me; and I felt I am blessed.
.‫ أن واﻟﺪﺗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﻨﻲ‬،‫ ﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮ إدﻳﺴﻮن ﻻﺣًﻘﺎ‬.‫ أﻧﻬﻰ إدﻳﺴﻮن ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬-١
.‫ واﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﻲ؛ وﺷﻌﺮت أﻧﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺎرك‬،‫ﺪا‬
ً ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﺎدﻗﺔ ﺟ‬

2- Edison developed hearing problems at an early age. The cause of it was attributed to a
short time of scarlet fever during childhood and recurring untreated middle ear infections.
But Edison believed that (Q2) was a feature advantage. (Q3) Because of the deafness he became
fascinated with technology and science. One night, while he was working, (Q4) he started
fire.The next morning Edison was fired.
‫ ُﻳﻌﺰى ﺳﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻗﺼﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﻰ‬.‫ أﺻﻴﺐ إدﻳﺴﻮن ﺑﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺳﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة‬-٢
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ إدﻳﺴﻮن ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن ﻫﺬه ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬.‫اﻟﻘﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ وﺗﻜﺮار اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﺎت اﻷذن اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
،‫ أﺷﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎر‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻠﻴﺎﻟﻲ‬.‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺼﻤﻢ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻔﺘﻮًﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ واﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬.‫ﻣﻴﺰة‬
.‫وﻓﻲ ﺻﺒﺎح اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻃﺮد ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬

3- Thomas Edison’s (Q5) most important invention was the electric light bulb. He is often
credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.
‫ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ُﻳﻨﺴﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء أول‬.‫أﻫﻢ اﺧﺘﺮاع ﺗﻮﻣﺎس إدﻳﺴﻮن ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬- 3
.‫ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﻟﻸﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

4- After Edison's demonstration of the telegraph, Edison was not sure that his original plan to
sell it for $4,000 was right, so he asked Western Union to make a bid. He was surprised to
hear them offer $10,000 which he gratefully accepted.
‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬،‫ دوﻻر‬٤٠٠٠ ‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ إدﻳﺴﻮن ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪﴽ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺘﻪ اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺮض إدﻳﺴﻮن ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻐﺮاف‬-٤
.‫ دوﻻر وﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎن‬١٠٠٠٠ ‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺟﺄ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺳﻤﻌﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﺮﺿﻮن‬.‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ وﻳﺴﺘﺮن ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮن ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻋﺮض‬

275
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the best title for this passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:1‫س‬
C. Edison the great inventor ‫ إدﻳﺴﻮن اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺮع اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What was his opinion of his infection? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن رأي ادﻳﺴﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪوﺗﻪ؟‬:2‫س‬
A. a feature advantage ‫ ﻣﻴﺰة إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What is the main reason that made him ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ اﻟﺬي ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ؟‬:3‫س‬
a scientist?
B. deafness ‫ اﻟﺼﻤﻢ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: Why was he fired from his work? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻃﺮد ادﻳﺴﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ؟‬:٤‫س‬
B. Because he started a fire. .‫ ﻻﻧﻪ أﺷﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﻴﺮان‬.‫ب‬

Q5: What is the invention that made him ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻻﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﺬي ﺟﻌﻠﻪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻬﺮة؟‬:٥‫س‬
famous most?
A. the light bulb ‫ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: What does the pronoun “it” refer to? ‫ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي؟‬:٦‫س‬
D. his deafness ‫ ﺻﻤﻤﻪ‬.‫د‬

Q7: What does the word “bless” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺒﺎرك؟‬:٧‫س‬
A. grateful ‫ ﻣﻤﺘﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q8: What does the word “bid” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ؟‬:٨‫س‬
A. offer ‫ ﻋﺮض‬.‫أ‬

276
 🎎 ‫اﻻم اﻟﻜﻮرﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Immigrants have many problems between the first generation and the second generation
because they don’t have the same native language. (Q2) The second generation is losing their
identity. Especially in America, there are many immigrants who suffer in lots of areas such as
getting a job and trying to speak English, that’s why they want their children to speak English
all the time.
.‫ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮون ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﻴﻞ اﻷول واﻟﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮن ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻷم‬-1
‫ ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬.‫اﻟﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻔﻘﺪ ﻫﻮﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ وﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻳﺮﻳﺪون ﻷﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﻢ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ وﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ وﻗﺖ‬

2- For example, my aunt, who has been living in Chicago for fifteen years, has three children
and they were all born in the States. (Q4) The eighteen-year-old daughter speaks English as a
native speaker and she speaks Korean very well, too. (Q5) The second daughter is fourteen
years old, and she doesn’t want to speak Korean. My aunt often gets upset with her (Q6)
because she is very Americanized and they cannot understand each other. While the younger
child has a problem communicating with his parents. My cousin told me they felt different
from other Koreans because they wore different clothes and walked differently.
‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻃﻔﺎل‬،‫ ﻋﻤﺘﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﻏﻮ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬-2
‫ اﻻﺑﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬.‫وﺟﻤﻴﻌﻬﻢ وﻟﺪوا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
‫ اﻻﺑﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬.‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫ﺪا أﻳ‬
ً ‫ﻛﻠﻐﺔ أم وﻫﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﻜﻮرﻳﺔ ﺟﻴ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬،‫ﺪا وﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﺎن ﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ً ‫ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺰﻋﺞ ﻋﻤﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺟ‬.‫اﻟﻜﻮرﻳﺔ‬
‫ أﺧﺒﺮﻧﻲ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻲ أﻧﻬﻢ ﺷﻌﺮوا ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻜﻮرﻳﻴﻦ‬.‫اﻟﻄﻔﻞ اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ واﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬
.‫اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﺮﺗﺪون ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻳﻤﺸﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

3- I think most immigrants are trying to preserve their native language in their new country.
My aunt is trying to teach her children Korean not only (Q9) to help them establish a Korean
identity but also to live in harmony with the family.
‫ ﺗﺤﺎول ﻋﻤﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬.‫ أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﺤﺎوﻟﻮن اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻐﺘﻬﻢ اﻷم ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪﻫﻢ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬-3
‫ﻀﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ وﺋﺎم‬ً ‫أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻜﻮرﻳﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﻮرﻳﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ أﻳ‬
.‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬

277
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the best title for the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:1‫س‬
B. Language and its effect on the identity of ‫ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ وأﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ب‬
immigrants

Q2: What is NOT true according to the first ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ؟‬:2‫س‬
paragraph?
C. The second-generation immigrants are ‫ اﻟﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻳﺼﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬.‫ج‬
eager to learn their parents’ native .‫ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻷم‬
language.

Q3: What is the meaning of the word ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻢ(؟‬:٣‫س‬

“suffer” in the text?
C. have Problems. . ‫ ﻳﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت‬.‫ج‬

Q4: How many languages can the 18-year- ‫ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ‬18 ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺎة اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬:٤‫س‬
old girl speak? ‫أن ﺗﺘﺤﺪﺛﻬﺎ؟‬
A. two, English and Korean ‫ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ واﻟﻜﻮرﻳﺔ‬،‫ اﺛﻨﺘﺎن‬.‫أ‬

Q5: What does the pronoun “they” refer ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻢ"؟‬:٥‫س‬
to?
B. mother and her young daughter ‫ اﻷم واﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬.‫ب‬

Q6: What is NOT a reason of 14 years old in ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﺖ ذات الـ‬:٦‫س‬
problems with her mother? ‫ ﻣﻊ اﻷم؟‬١٤
A. She does not love her mother. .‫ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺐ اﻷم‬.‫أ‬

Q7: Which of the following is NOT in the ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:٧‫س‬
passage?
B. American friends will not see them as ‫ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺮاﻫﻢ اﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﻢ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن‬.‫ب‬
Korean American. .‫ﻛﻮرﻳﻮن‬

Q8: What does the word Americanized ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮون أﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن؟‬:٨‫س‬
immigrants mean?
A. People who speak and act like American. ‫ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮن وﻳﺘﺼﺮﻓﻮن ﻣﺜﻞ‬.‫أ‬
.‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻴﻦ‬

Q9: Why did the aunt try to teach her kids ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺣﺎوﻟﺖ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث‬:٩‫س‬
to speak Korean? ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻜﻮرﻳﺔ؟‬
A. to help them establish a Korean identity ‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﻮرﻳﺔ‬.‫أ‬

278
 🐬 ‫اﻟﺪﻻﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Welcome to the dolphin’s park. Today we will have fun together and will know everything
about dolphins.
.‫ﻌﺎ وﺳﻨﻌﺮف ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪﻻﻓﻴﻦ‬
ً ‫ اﻟﻴﻮم ﺳﻨﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻣ‬،‫ ﻣﺮﺣًﺒﺎ ﺑﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺪﻻﻓﻴﻦ‬-١

2- Known for their playful behaviour, (Q1) they are as smart, and the evolution of their larger
brains is surprisingly similar to humans. That’s why they avoid eating animals. Dolphins are
part of the family of whales. They are very social, living in groups.
،‫ وﺗﻄﻮر أدﻣﻐﺘﻬﻢ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺪﻫﺶ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎن‬،‫ ﻓﻬﻢ أذﻛﻴﺎء‬،‫ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﻮن ﺑﺴﻠﻮﻛﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﺮح‬-2
‫ إﻧﻬﻢ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﻮن ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬.‫ اﻟﺪﻻﻓﻴﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﺘﺎن‬.‫وﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻳﺘﺠﻨﺒﻮن أﻛﻞ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬
‫وﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which of the following is true for dolphins? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪﻻﻓﻴﻦ؟‬:1‫س‬
C. They are smart.
.‫ اﻧﻬﻢ اذﻛﻴﺎء‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Why dolphins avoid eating animals? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﺪﻻﻓﻴﻦ اﻛﻞ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت؟‬:2‫س‬
A. Because they are very smart. .‫ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ اذﻛﻴﺎء‬.‫أ‬

Q3: The welcome phrase in the first paragraph ‫ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺣﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ‬:3‫س‬
is directed to _____ _____ ‫اﻟﻰ‬
A. visitors watching dolphins. .‫ اﻟﺰوار اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪون اﻟﺪﻻﻓﻴﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What are they explaining? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸﺮﺣﻮن ﻋﻨﻪ؟‬:4‫س‬

B. explaining dolphins’ city. .‫ ﻳﺸﺮﺣﻮ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﺪﻻﻓﻴﻦ‬.‫ب‬

279
 ⛩ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The King Fahd Causeway is a series of bridges and causeways connecting Saudi Arabia and
Bahrain.
‫ ﺟﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر واﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬-1
.‫واﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‬

2- The idea of building a bridge linking the Kingdom of Bahrain to the Eastern region of the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Q1) was born out of King Saud's wish in 1954.
‫ وﻟﺪت ﻓﻜﺮة ﺑﻨﺎء ﺟﺴﺮ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ رﻏﺒﺔ‬-2
.1954 ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺳﻌﻮد ﻋﺎم‬

3- In 1965, the desire to construct the causeway began to take form officially when Sheikh
Khalifah Ibn Salman Al Khalifah, the Prime Minister of Bahrain visited (Q2) King Faisal the king
of Saudi Arabia.
‫ ﺑﺪأت اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺗﺘﺒﻠﻮر رﺳﻤﻴﴼ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺎم اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺎن آل‬1965 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-3
.‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ رﺋﻴﺲ وزراء اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺰﻳﺎرة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ ﻣﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬

4-. (Q6) The four-lane road is 25 km (16 miles) long and approximately 23 m wide, and was
built using 350,000 m3 of concrete along with 47,000 metric tons of reinforced steel.
‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎؤه‬، ‫ ﻣﺘﺮﴽ‬23 ‫ﻼ( وﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬ً ‫ ﻣﻴ‬16) ‫ ﻛﻢ‬25 ‫ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﺣﺎرات‬-4
.‫ ﻃﻦ ﻣﺘﺮي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﻘﻮى‬47000 ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬3‫ م‬350.000 ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

5- (Q3) On 8 July 1981 The agreement wassigned to start construction on the maritime
causeway.
.‫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺪء ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي‬1981/7/8 ‫ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬-5

6- (Q4) On 26 November 1986, the causeway was officially inaugurated, King Fahd Bin Abdul
Aziz of Saudi Arabia and , Emir of the State of Bahrain (Q5) Shaikh Isa Bin Salman Al Khalifah,
with the latter consenting to naming the bridge King Fahd Causeway.
‫ ﺗﻢ اﻓﺘﺘﺎح اﻟﺠﺴﺮ رﺳﻤﻴﴼ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬، 1986 ‫ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ‬26 ‫ ﻓﻲ‬-6
.‫ ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺟﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ‬.‫وأﻣﻴﺮ دوﻟﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺎن آل ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮ‬

280
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Paragraph 2 is mainly talking about ____ ____ ‫ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﺸﻜﻞ رﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻋﻦ‬2 ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة رﻗﻢ‬:١‫س‬
C. how the idea of building the bridge was .‫ م‬1954 ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ وﻟﺪت ﻓﻜﺮة ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ج‬
born in 1954.

Q2: Who was the King of Saudi Arabia in ‫؟‬1965 ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﻋﺎم‬:٢‫س‬
1965?
C. King Faisal ‫ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: The agreement to start construction on _____ ‫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي‬:٣‫س‬
the maritime causeway was signed in _____
D. 1981. 1981 .‫د‬

Q4: The causeway was officially inaugurated _____ ‫ ﺗﻢ اﻓﺘﺘﺎح اﻟﺠﺴﺮ رﺳﻤﻴﴼ ﻓﻲ‬:٤‫س‬
in ____
D. 1986. 1986 .‫د‬

Q5: The word “latter” in paragraph 6 refers ‫ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬6 ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻷﺧﻴﺮ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة رﻗﻢ‬:5 ‫س‬
to _______ _______
C. Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifah. .‫ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺎن آل ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q6: The four-lane road is _____ _____ ‫ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ذو اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﺣﺎرات‬:٦‫س‬

A. 16 miles long and approximately 23 .‫ ﻣﺘﺮﴽ‬23 ‫ﻼ وﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬ ً ‫ ﻣﻴ‬16 ‫ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ‬.‫أ‬
meters wide.

281
 🐍 ‫ﻧﻮم اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Animals have many different ways of sleeping. Some animals sleep in groups for warmth.
(Q1) Lions, monkeys and penguins are a few animals that sleep in groups.

‫ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺗﻨﺎم اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ‬.‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮق اﻟﻨﻮم اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬-١
.‫ اﻻﺳﻮد واﻟﻘﺮود وﻃﻴﻮر اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬.‫اﻟﺪفء‬

2- Snakes (Q6) don’t really sleep. They can’t close their eyes and they can’t even blink.
Moreover, (Q7) horses and cows sleep with their eyes open, as well as they don’t have any
other choice.
‫ ﻋﻼوة‬.‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أن اﻟﺜﻌﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ أن ﺗﺮﻣﺶ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ أن ﺗﻐﻤﺾ أﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬.‫ اﻟﺜﻌﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺎم ﺣﻘﺎ‬-2
.‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﺗﻨﺎم اﻟﺨﻴﻮل واﻷﺑﻘﺎر وأﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ أﻳ‬، ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬

3- Elephant’s sleep in groups. The young elephants get inside the circle and lie down and
sleep. (Q2) But the larger elephants sleep standing up. Horses, also,sleep standing as well as
Flamingoes which sleep standing on just one of their two legs.
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻷﻓﻴﺎل اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﺗﻨﺎم‬.‫ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة داﺧﻞ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة وﺗﺴﺘﻠﻘﻲ وﺗﻨﺎم‬.‫ ﻳﻨﺎم اﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬-3
.‫ ﺗﻨﺎم اﻟﺨﻴﻮل واﻗﻔﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻃﻴﻮر اﻟﻨﺤﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺎم واﻗﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎق واﺣﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ‬،‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫ أﻳ‬.‫واﻗﻔﺔ‬

4- Most animals sleep at night, but (Q4) some nocturnal animals like bats sleep during the day.
.‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﺎم ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺨﻔﺎﻓﻴﺶ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬،‫ﻼ‬
ً ‫ ﺗﻨﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻟﻴ‬-4

282
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Examples of animals that sleep in ‫ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬:1‫س‬
groups to get warm are ____ _____‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﻓﺌﺔ‬
A. lions, penguins and monkeys. .‫ اﻷﺳﻮد وﻃﻴﻮر اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﻖ واﻟﻘﺮود‬.‫أ‬

Q2: Examples of animals that sleep ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺎم واﻗﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ‬:2‫س‬
standing are ______ ______
D. horses and large elephants. .‫ اﻟﺨﻴﻮل واﻟﻔﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة‬.‫د‬

Q3: Paragraph 3 mainly talks about the ‫ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬3 ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:3‫س‬
animals that sleep ____ ____‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺎم‬
C. for protection. .‫ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q4: The word “nocturnal” probably ‫ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﻴﻠﻴﺔ؟‬:4‫س‬

means?
A. active at night. .‫ ﻧﺸﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬.‫أ‬

Q5: The best title for the passage is _____ ‫ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﻮ؟‬:5‫س‬
B. how and where animals sleep. .‫ ﻛﻴﻒ وأﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﺎم اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬.‫ب‬

Q6: Which sentence about snakes is right? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺜﻌﺎﺑﻴﻦ؟‬:٦‫س‬

A. They don’t really sleep. .‫ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﻣﻮن ﺣﻘﺎ‬.‫أ‬

Q7: How do cows and horses sleep? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ اﻻﺑﻘﺎر واﻻﺣﺼﻨﺔ ﻳﻨﺎﻣﻮن؟‬:٧‫س‬
C. usually open their eyes. .‫ ﻋﺎدة ﺑﻔﺘﺤﻮ اﻋﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬.‫ج‬

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 ☔ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺖ واﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- A little girl had been (Q1) shopping with her mom in Wal-Mart. She must have been 6 years
old, this beautiful red-haired, freckle-faced image of innocence. (Q2) It was raining heavily
outside.
‫ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة‬،‫ ﺳﻨﻮات‬٦ ‫ ﻻ ﺑﺪ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬.‫ ﻃﻔﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺘﺴﻮق ﻣﻊ واﻟﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ وول ﻣﺎرت‬-١
.‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺗﻤﻄﺮ ﺑﻐﺰارة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬.‫اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮاءة ذات اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ واﻟﻨﻤﺶ‬

2- The little girl asked her mom to run under the rain but her mom said no. Because the mom
(Q2) was afraid that her girl would get soaked.Then the girl said "Don't you remember? When
you were talking to Daddy about his illness, you said, 'If God can get us through this, he can
get us through anything!’”
‫ ﻷن اﻷم ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺨﺸﻰ ﺗﺒﺘﻞ‬.‫ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ اﻟﻔﺘﺎة اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ واﻟﺪﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺮﻛﺾ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻄﺮ ﻟﻜﻦ واﻟﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻻ‬-2
‫" إن اﺳﺘﻄﺎع اﷲ ﺗﺠﺎوز‬، ‫ ﻗﻠﺖ‬، ‫ ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ اﻟﻔﺘﺎة "أﻻ ﺗﺘﺬﻛﺮ؟ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﺪﺛﻲ إﻟﻰ أﺑﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ‬.‫اﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬
! "‫ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ أن ﻳﻤﺮ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺄي ﺷﻲء‬،‫ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ‬

3- Then (Q4) the mom took the girl and went out under the rain.We all stood watching, smiling
and laughing as they darted past the cars and through the puddles. They got soaked. But (Q5)
they were followed by a few people who screamed and laughed like children all the way to
their cars.
‫ﻌﺎ ﻧﺮاﻗﺐ وﻧﺒﺘﺴﻢ وﻧﻀﺤﻚ وﻫﻢ ﻳﻨﺪﻓﻌﻮن ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ً ‫ وﻗﻔﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﻴ‬،‫ ﺛﻢ أﺧﺬت اﻷم اﻟﻔﺘﺎة وﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻄﺮ‬-٣
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺻﺮﺧﻮا وﺿﺤﻜﻮا ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬.‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻏﺎرﻗﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات وﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺒﺮك‬
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ إﻟﻰ ﺳﻴﺎراﺗﻬﻢ‬

284
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What were the people doing in the ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮل؟‬:1‫س‬
mall?
A. shopping ‫ اﻟﺘﺴﻮق‬.‫أ‬

Q2: Why didn’t the mother go out with her ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻟﻢ ﺗﺨﺮج اﻻم ﻣﻊ اﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ؟‬:٢‫س‬
daughter?
B. There was heavy rain outside. .‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك أﻣﻄﺎر ﻏﺰﻳﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬.‫ب‬

Q3: Why did the mom prevent her little girl ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻣﻨﻌﺖ اﻻم اﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻌﺐ‬.3‫س‬
from playing in the rain at the beginning? ‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻄﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ؟‬
D. (B + C) (‫ ج‬+ ‫ )ب‬.‫د‬

Q4: The pronoun "they" in the last ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷﺧﻴﺮة ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬.4‫س‬
paragraph refers to _____ _____
A. the mother and her little girl. .‫ اﻷم واﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬.‫أ‬

Q5: After the mother and the little girl ran ،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ أن رﻛﻀﺖ اﻷم واﻟﻔﺘﺎة ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻄﺮ‬.5‫س‬
through the rain, ______ people followed ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻬﻤﺎ ______ اﻟﻨﺎس‬
them.
C. a small number of. .‫ ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ج‬

285
 🥵🥶 A&B ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Type A and Type B are two types of personalities. Type A tends to compete with other
people more than work individually. Also, (Q1) they don’t sleep for enough hours and this may
cause sudden death. So, type A personalities need to calm down.
‫ اﻟﻨﻮع )أ( ﻳﻤﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻣﻊ أﺷﺨﺎص آﺧﺮﻳﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬.‫ اﻟﻨﻮع أ واﻟﻨﻮع ب ﻧﻮﻋﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت‬-1
‫ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎت‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﻣﻮن ﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ وﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮت اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺊ‬.‫اﻟﻔﺮدي‬
.‫اﻟﻨﻮع أ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻬﺪوء‬

2- There are some major differences between type A and B personalities. Type B personality
people are always chilled out while type A personalities (Q4) tend to rush in doing things. Type
B people are equally hardworking as type A personalities, but they do not mind losing. Type A
tends to get destructive while type B tends to get productive. (Q2) And most people come in
the middle between A & B.
‫ﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ب‬ ً ‫ داﺋ‬.(‫ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﺮوق اﻟﺠﻮﻫﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع )أ( و )ب‬-٢
‫ إﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﺑﺠﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻬﺪوء ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع أ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﺮع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬
‫ اﻟﻨﻮع )أ( ﻳﻤﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﻨﻮع )ب( ﻳﻤﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ‬.‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻤﺎﻧﻌﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺴﺎرة‬،‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎت اﻟﻨﻮع أ‬
.(‫ وﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﻴﻦ )أ( و )ب‬.‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬

3- (Q5) It’s important to remind ourselves that our goal in life is to balance between work and
leisure.
.‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ أن ﻧﺬﻛﺮ أﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﺑﺄن ﻫﺪﻓﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻫﻮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﻮازن ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ‬-٣

286
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Reducing sleep can cause? ‫ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻮم ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ؟‬:1‫س‬
C. sudden death ‫ اﻟﻤﻮت اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺊ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Where is most people between A & B? ‫؟‬A&B ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﻴﻦ‬:2‫س‬
C. in the middle ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: The underlined word “Individually” most ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﺮدﻳﺎ؟‬:3‫س‬

probably means?
A. separated ‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﻴﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Type A is different from type B in ______ ‫ ﻓﻲ؟‬B ‫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع‬A ‫ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻨﻮع‬:4‫س‬
A. rushing in doing things. .‫ اﻻﻧﺪﻓﺎع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻲء‬.‫أ‬

Q5: What is our goal in life? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻫﺪﻓﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة؟‬:5‫س‬

D. balance between work and leisure. .‫ اﻟﺘﻮازن ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﺮاﺣﺔ‬.‫د‬

287
 🌋 ‫ﺑﺮﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﺰوف‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Vesuvius ("Vesuvio" in Italian) is probably the most famous and dangerous volcano on
Earth. (Q1) The first eyewitness of a volcanic eruption that has been preserved has come to us
from Vesuvius, and that was why it was named like this. In 79AD, (Q3) after a century long
slumber, the volcano woke up with a terrifying power in an eruption that buried several
Roman towns under several metres of ash. That’s why it’s known to be the strongest volcano.
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﺎء إﻟﻴﻨﺎ‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ( أﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺮﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻷرض وأﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺧﻄﻮرة‬Vesuvio) ‫ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻓﻴﺰوف‬-1
79 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ وﻟﻬﺬا ﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻻﺳﻢ‬،‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻌﻴﺎن اﻷول ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻮران ﺑﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﺰوف‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻴﻘﻆ اﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎن ﺑﻘﻮة ﻣﺮﻋﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻮران ﺑﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ أدى إﻟﻰ دﻓﻦ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮم اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد‬
‫ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف أﻧﻪ أﻗﻮى‬.‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪات اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﺪة أﻣﺘﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬
.‫ﺑﺮﻛﺎن‬

2- (Q4) The main cause of eruption is that the collision of tectonic plates led to the rush of
molten rock and hot water to flow.
‫ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺜﻮران ﻫﻮ أن اﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ أدى إﻟﻰ اﻧﺪﻓﺎع اﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺮة وﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬-2
.‫اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Vesuvius volcano was called so ____ ____‫ ﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﺰوف ﺑﻬﺬا اﻻﺳﻢ‬:1‫س‬
D. by the name of Vesuvius who was the first ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻓﻴﺰوف اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن أول ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﻴﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫د‬
eyewitness of the volcano. .‫اﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎن‬

Q2: The passage says that Vesuvius volcano ‫ ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ أن ﺑﺮﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﺰوف ﺛﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻧﺎم‬:2‫س‬
erupted after it slept for? ‫ﻟﻤﺪة؟‬
C. 100 years. .‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬١٠٠ .‫ج‬

Q3: Why it was the strongest volcano? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎن اﻗﻮى ﺑﺮﻛﺎن؟‬:3‫س‬
A. It’s erupted after long period. .‫ ﻻﻧﻪ ﺛﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻤﻮل‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What is the cause of the volcano ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺛﻮران اﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎن؟‬:4‫س‬

eruption?
A. collision of tectonic plates. .‫ أدى اﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

288
 📑 ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻮرق‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The paper we use today is made by machine. In the past (Q1) fibres were the most
important component necessary for making both paper and papyrus
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻠﻴﻒ ﻫﻮ أﻫﻢ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺿﺮوري ﻟﺼﻨﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ اﻟﻮرق اﻟﺬي ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﺑﺎﻵﻟﺔ‬-1
.‫اﻟﻮرق واﻟﺒﺮدي‬

2- The first man-made material was not paper.The ancient Egyptians took the fibrous (Q2)
stems of the (Q3) papyrus plants, flattened them, and when dried. This made a piece of
papyrus that could be written on.
،‫ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻮن اﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎء اﻟﺴﻴﻘﺎن اﻟﻠﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺒﺮدي‬.‫ أول ﻣﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮرق‬-2
.‫ وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺠﻔﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﻮا ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ورق اﻟﺒﺮدي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬،‫وﻗﺎﻣﻮا ﺑﺘﺴﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬

3- Paper was (Q4) first made in China by a man called Ts’ailun. He found a way to make paper
from the stringy (tough) inner bark of the mulberry tree. (Q5) The bark was pounded in water to
separate the fibers.
‫ وﺟﺪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﻮرق ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﺤﺎء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬.‫ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﻮرق ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ رﺟﻞ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﺗﺴﻴﻠﻮن‬-3
.‫ ﺗﻢ ﻗﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﺤﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬.‫اﻟﺨﻴﻄﻲ )اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻲ( ﻟﺸﺠﺮة اﻟﺘﻮت‬

4- Chinese traders travelled around Asia as far as Samarkand. There, they met with (Q6) Arab
merchants who learned the secret of making paper and took it to Spain. Afterwards, the art
of papermaking spread throughout the rest of Europe.
‫ وﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﺘﻘﻮا ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﺮب اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮا ﺳﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬.‫ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ اﻟﺘﺠﺎر اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮن ﺣﻮل آﺳﻴﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺳﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪ‬-4
.‫ اﻧﺘﺸﺮ ﻓﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻮرق ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء أوروﺑﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﻮرق وأﺧﺬوه إﻟﻰ إﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬

289
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: According to the text, which component is ‫ ﻟﺼﻨﻊ‬،‫ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻨﺺ‬،‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻜﻮن اﻟﻀﺮوري‬:١‫س‬
necessary for making both paper and papyrus? ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮرق واﻟﺒﺮدي؟‬
D. fibrous material ‫ ﻣﺎدة ﻟﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q2: The word "them" in paragraph 2 refers to? ‫ إﻟﻰ؟‬2 ‫ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻫﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٢‫س‬
C. papyrus stems ‫ ﻳﻨﺒﻊ ورق اﻟﺒﺮدي‬.‫ج‬

Q3: According to paragraph 2 what did the early ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻮن‬،2 ‫ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:٣‫س‬
Egyptians use to make their writing material? ‫اﻷواﺋﻞ ﻟﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﻢ؟‬
D. papyrus ‫ ﺑﺮدﻳﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q4: According to the text, the first real paper ‫ ﺗﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ أول ورﻗﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺺ‬:٤‫س‬
was made in ______ ______
A. China. .‫ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q5: Which sentence in paragraph 3 contains a ‫ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬3 ‫ أي ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٥‫س‬
word meaning “to strike repeatedly, especially ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻲ "اﻟﻀﺮب اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮر وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ أو ﺑﺄداة"؟‬
with a hand or a tool”?
B. sentence No.3 .3 ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ رﻗﻢ‬.‫ب‬

Q6: According to the text, who introduced the ‫ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺪم ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻮرق‬،‫ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺺ‬:٦‫س‬
paper-making process to Europe are _____ _____‫إﻟﻰ أوروﺑﺎ ﻫﻮ‬
B. the Arabs. .‫ اﻟﻌﺮب‬.‫ب‬

290
 💦 ‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The damage you described in your letter on 7 July has now been inspected.
.‫ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‬7 ‫ ﺗﻢ اﻵن ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻀﺮر اﻟﺬي وﺻﻔﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ رﺳﺎﻟﺘﻚ اﻟﻤﺆرﺧﺔ‬-١

2- Faults in the wiring appear to have been caused by (Q2) dripping water from the floor
above.
.‫ ﻳﺒﺪو أن اﻷﻋﻄﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻼك ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ أﻋﻼه‬-2

3- I am quite willing to arrange for the surface to be replaced, but we will have to charge you
for the materials and work involved. If I may, (Q3) I would like to suggest that you instruct your
(Q4) staff to use trolleys when shifting heavy containers.

‫أﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﺗﺎم ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺳﻴﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺮض رﺳﻮم ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬-3
‫ أود أن أﻗﺘﺮح ﻋﻠﻴﻚ إرﺷﺎد ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻚ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﺎوﻳﺎت‬،‫ إذا ﺳﻤﺤﺖ ﻟﻲ‬.‫واﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
.‫اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ‬

4- I am sorry about the (Q5) inconvenience you have experienced and will tell the fitters to
repair the damage as soon as I have your confirmation that they can begin work.
‫ أﻧﺎ آﺳﻒ ﻟﻺزﻋﺎج اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎﻧﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ وﺳﺄﺧﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﻮن ﺑﺈﺻﻼح اﻟﻀﺮر ﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن أﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪك‬-4
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮن ﺑﺪء اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

291
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The above passage is _____ _____ ‫ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ أﻋﻼه ﻫﻮ‬:1 ‫س‬
A. reply to a complaint. ‫ اﻟﺮد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻮى‬.‫أ‬

Q2: According to paragraph 2, the problems ‫ ﻓﺈن ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻻﺳﻼك ﻧﺘﺠﺖ‬،2 ‫ ووﻓﻘﴼ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:2 ‫س‬
with wiring were caused by _____ _____ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
B. leaking water. .‫ ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬.‫ب‬

Q3: According to paragraph 3 which of the ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ؟‬،3 ‫ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:٣‫س‬
following is true?
C. Staff needs to be instructed about how to ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ إرﺷﺎد اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ ﺣﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ‬.‫ج‬
treat the floor. .‫اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬

Q4: According to paragraph 3 the floor ‫ ﻧﺘﺠﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬،3 ‫ ووﻓﻘﴼ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:٤‫س‬
problems were caused by _____ _____ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
D. the employees working in that area. .‫ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻮن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q5: The word “inconvenience” in the ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "إزﻋﺎج" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب‬:5‫س‬
passage is closest in meaning to _____ _____ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬
D. trouble. .‫ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬.‫د‬

292
 🧶 ‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎﻛﺔ واﻟﻜﺮوﺷﻴﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- For thousands of years, people around the world made textiles by hand. (Q1)Handmade
fabrics go way back. knitting, weaving, embroidery, crocheting all of these hand made crafts
can be done by hand, or by a device called a knitting machine that mechanizes the function
of pulling threads through loops to create stitches.
‫ ﺗﻌﻮد اﻷﻗﻤﺸﺔ‬.‫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﺼﻨﻌﻮن اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮﺟﺎت ﻳﺪوًﻳﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﻨﺬ آﻻف اﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ‬-١
‫ اﻟﺤﻴﺎﻛﺔ واﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ واﻟﺘﻄﺮﻳﺰ واﻟﻜﺮوﺷﻴﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺮف‬.‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻳﺪوًﻳﺎ إﻟﻰ زﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ أو ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺟﻬﺎز ﻳﺴﻤﻰ آﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﺎﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﻤﻴﻜﻨﺔ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﺨﻴﻮط ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬،‫اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ ﻳﺪوًﻳﺎ‬
.‫اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻏﺮز‬

2- Some of us enjoy knitting, while others prefer crocheting. Knitting requires specialized
tools number of stitches. (Q3) The techniques and tools are different from one to another, but
both of them require practice in order to excel in skill.
‫ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺤﻴﺎﻛﺔ ﻋﺪًدا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮز اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬.‫ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﺎﻛﺔ واﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﻜﺮوﺷﻴﻪ‬-٢
‫ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت‬.‫ ﺟﻤﺎل ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺣًﻘﺎ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻴﻮط واﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻷدوات‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺪرﻳًﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﻮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻬﺎرة‬،‫واﻷدوات ﻣﻦ واﺣﺪة إﻟﻰ أﺧﺮى‬

3- (Q4) Machine sewing gives you more production by less effort, but hand sewing makes You
can choose exactly where the stitches go, the length of the stitches, and exactly how you
want to attach fabric. (Q6) It takes a lot of effort and skills to produce handmade textile, that's
why the handmade things more valuable.
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺨﻴﺎﻃﺔ اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻜﺎن‬،‫ﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﺑﺠﻬﺪ أﻗﻞ‬ ً ‫ ﺗﻤﻨﺤﻚ اﻟﺨﻴﺎﻃﺔ اﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺰﻳ‬-٣
‫ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬.‫اﻟﻐﺮز ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻃﻮل اﻟﻐﺮز واﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ إرﻓﺎق اﻟﻘﻤﺎش ﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
‫ وﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻳﺪوًﻳﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬، ‫واﻟﻤﻬﺎرات ﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻳﺪوًﻳﺎ‬

293
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the best title of passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:1‫س‬
B. The history of handmade fabric ‫ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ اﻟﻴﺪوي‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What is not mentioned about knitting? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻴﺎﻛﺔ؟‬:2‫س‬

A. History of crochet ‫ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﺮوﺷﻴﻪ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What is the difference between ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻜﺮوﺷﻴﻪ واﻟﺤﻴﺎﻛﺔ؟‬:٣‫س‬

crochet and knitting?
B. method ‫ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: What is the difference between hand ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﺎﻛﺔ اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﺎﻛﻴﻨﺔ؟‬:٤‫س‬
sewing and machine?
B. Sewing machine produced more. .‫ اﻟﺤﻴﺎﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﻛﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ أﻛﺜﺮ‬.‫ب‬

Q5: What is the meaning of word ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ؟‬:٥‫س‬

“function”?
A. process. .‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: Why do people prefer handicrafts or ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ؟‬:٦‫س‬
handmade?
D. Because they see the efforts being .‫ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﻮﻓﻮ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﺒﺬول ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ‬.‫د‬
made in front of them.

294
 🪴 ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- It is certain that agriculture has changed throughout history.
.‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ أن اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﺮت ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬-1

2- In the past, (Q1) farmers would have to do fieldwork by hand or with horse drawn equipment.
This work would take a long time to be completed, which meant that farms were smaller.
Horses were not very fast, and since they were animals, they would get tired and need rest to
recover from their hard work.
.‫ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ أو ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﺪات ﺗﺠﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺨﻴﻮل‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬-٢
،‫ﺪا‬
ً ‫ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ اﻟﺨﻴﻮل ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺟ‬.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن اﻟﻤﺰارع ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﺻﻐﺮ‬،‫ﻼ ﻟﻴﻜﺘﻤﻞ‬ ً ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﻗًﺘﺎ ﻃﻮﻳ‬
.‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻮف ﺗﺘﻌﺐ وﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺎق‬،‫وﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬

3- Nowadays, farmers use (Q3) technology to make advances in producing more food for a
growing world.Better technology has allowed farmers to feed more people.
‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻮن اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻹﺣﺮاز ﺗﻘﺪم ﻓﻲ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺬاء ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬-٣
.‫ وﻗﺪ ﺳﻤﺤﺖ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ ﺑﺈﻃﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس‬،‫م‬ ٍ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎ‬

4- Today, most farmers use tractors and other motorized equipment to help with field work.
These machines still need to be taken care of because they can break down .
‫ ﻻ‬.‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺮارات واﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻵﻟﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻲ‬،‫ اﻟﻴﻮم‬-٤
.‫ﺗﺰال ﻫﺬه اﻵﻻت ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﻌﻄﻞ‬

295
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Farms were smaller because ______ _____ ‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺰارع أﺻﻐﺮ ﻷن‬:1‫س‬
D. all of the above are correct. .‫ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬.‫د‬

Q2: The underlined pronoun "they" in ‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ "ﻫﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:2‫س‬
Paragraph No. 2 refers to _____ _____ ‫ إﻟﻰ‬2 ‫رﻗﻢ‬
B. horses. .‫ اﻟﺨﻴﻮل‬.‫ب‬

Q3: The main idea of Paragraph 3 is _____ _____ ‫ ﻫﻲ‬3 ‫ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:3‫س‬
B. how technology contributed to the .‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ زﻳﺎدة إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻐﺬاء‬.‫ب‬
increase of food production.

Q4: The underlined verb "break down" in ‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ "ﺗﻌﻄﻞ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:4‫س‬
the last paragraph probably means _____ _____ ‫اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
A. stop working. .‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬.‫أ‬

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 ‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ 📱‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Percentage of Watching Social Media Programs‬‬
‫‪Social Media‬‬ ‫‪Men‬‬ ‫‪Women‬‬ ‫‪Total‬‬
‫‪Linkedin‬‬ ‫‪20%‬‬ ‫‪6%‬‬ ‫‪26%‬‬
‫‪(Q1) Twitter‬‬ ‫‪44%‬‬ ‫‪3%‬‬ ‫‪47%‬‬
‫‪(Q2) Instagram‬‬ ‫‪60%‬‬ ‫‪18%‬‬ ‫‪78%‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺷﻴﺎل ﻣﻴﺪﻳﺎ‬ ‫رﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﻟﻴﻨﻜﻴﺪ ان‬ ‫‪20%‬‬ ‫‪6%‬‬ ‫‪26%‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻳﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪44%‬‬ ‫‪3%‬‬ ‫‪47%‬‬
‫اﻧﺴﺘﺠﺮام‬ ‫‪60%‬‬ ‫‪18%‬‬ ‫‪78%‬‬

‫‪Social Media‬‬ ‫‪Men‬‬ ‫‪Women‬‬

‫‪(Q3) Linkedin‬‬ ‫‪1 – 3 hours‬‬ ‫‪1 – 3 hours‬‬
‫‪Twitter‬‬ ‫‪1 – 2 hours‬‬ ‫‪1 – 4 hours‬‬
‫‪(Q4) Instagram‬‬ ‫‪1 – 2 hours‬‬ ‫‪1 – 5 hours‬‬

‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫رﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎء‬

‫ﻟﻴﻨﻜﻴﺪ ان‬ ‫‪ ٣ - ١‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪ ٣ - ١‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻳﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪ ٢ - ١‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪ ٤ - ١‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻧﺴﺘﺠﺮام‬ ‫‪ ٢ - ١‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪ ٥ - ١‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: Which program do women use the‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻻﻗﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء؟‬
‫?‪least‬‬
‫‪A. twitter‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﻳﺘﺮ‬

‫‪Q2: Which program do people use the‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫?)‪most? (men and women‬‬ ‫)رﺟﺎل وﻧﺴﺎء(؟‬
‫‪A. Instagram‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬إﻧﺴﺘﻐﺮام‬

‫‪Q3: How long do most men use social‬‬ ‫س‪ :3‬ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫?‪media‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ؟‬
‫‪B. 1 – 3 hours.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‪.‬‬

‫‪Q4: How long do most women use social‬‬ ‫س‪ :٤‬ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫?‪media‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ؟‬
‫‪D. 1 – 5 hours.‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‪.‬‬

‫‪298‬‬
 ☄ ‫ﺣﻘﻞ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Shaybah oil field in Saudi Arabia, (Q1) is located approximately 40 kilometres from the
northern edge of the Rub' Al-Khali Desert.
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘًﺮا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬40 ‫ وﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺣﻘﻞ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻄﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬-1
.‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ‬

2- Shaybah was developed for the purpose of exploiting the Shaybah oilfield. It was
established by Saudi Aramco. All materials were transported the (Q3) 800 kilometres from
Dhahran to Shaybah by road.
‫ ﺗﻢ‬.‫ ﺗﺄﺳﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ أراﻣﻜﻮ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬.‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ ﻟﻐﺮض اﺳﺘﻐﻼل ﺣﻘﻞ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻄﻲ‬-2
.‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﻬﺮان إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﺮﴽ‬800 ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬

3- However (Q5) the Ghawar oil field is the largest oil field in the world, holding over 70 billion
barrels. Ghawar is able to produce 5 million barrels of oil per day.
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﺎر‬70 ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﺣﻘﻞ اﻟﻐﻮار اﻟﻨﻔﻄﻲ ﻫﻮ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻧﻔﻄﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬-3
.‫ ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ‬5 ‫ اﻟﻐﻮار ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺘﺎج‬.‫ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻞ‬

4- When established, the Shaybah oil field had estimated reserves of over 14 billion barrels of
crude oil and 25 trillion cubic feet of gas.
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم و‬14 ‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎت ﺗﻘﺪر ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪ إﻧﺸﺎء ﺣﻘﻞ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻄﻲ‬-4
.‫ ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻴﻮن ﻗﺪم ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز‬25

5- As of January 2007, Saudi Arabia's proven reserves were estimated at 259.9 billion barrels,
comprising about (Q4) 24% of the world total. 85% of Saudi oil fields found have not produced
oil yet.
‫ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬،‫ ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻞ‬259.9 ‫ ﻗﺪرت اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ‬،2007 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬-5
.‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ‬٪85 .‫ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬٪24 ‫ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the main idea of the 1st ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ؟‬:1‫س‬
paragraph?
B. Where Shaybah oil field is located ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﻘﻞ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻄﻲ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: The underlined pronoun “it” in paragraph 2 ‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:2‫س‬
2 refers to _____ _____ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
A. Shaybah. .‫ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: How far is it from Dhahran to Shaybah oil ‫ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﻬﺮان إﻟﻰ ﺣﻘﻞ‬:3‫س‬
field? ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻄﻲ؟‬
A. 800 km ‫ ﻛﻢ‬800 .‫أ‬

Q4: According to paragraph 5, Saudi Arabia ‫ ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬، 5‫ وﻓﻘﴼ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:٤‫س‬
has about ____ of the world oil reserves. ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ____ ﻣﻦ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬
B. quarter .‫ اﻟﺮﺑﻊ‬.‫ب‬

Q5: If we compare the reserves of oil in the oil ‫ إذا ﻗﺎرﻧﺎ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻘﻠﻲ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ‬:٥‫س‬
fields of Shayba and Ghawar, we notice _____ ‫ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ واﻟﻐﻮار‬
That ___
C. Ghawar oil field has more reserves of oil ‫ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﺣﻘﻞ اﻟﻐﻮار ﻋﻠﻰ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎت ﻧﻔﻄﻴﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ‬.‫ج‬
than Shayba. .‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻞ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬

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 🏜 ‫ﺟﺰر اﻟﻬﺎواي‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Hawaii is made up entirely of a pile of islands. (Q2) The chain of islands or archipelago
formed one by one. Hawai’i island is the biggest and youngest island in the chain, built from
five volcanoes. The largest one is called Mauna Loa. It is the largest shield volcano on Earth.
The oldest member of the Hawaiian archipelago still above water, Kure Atoll, formed about
(Q2) 30 million years ago.

‫ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة‬.‫ وﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﺰر أو اﻷرﺧﺒﻴﻞ واﺣﺪة ﺗﻠﻮ اﻷﺧﺮى‬،‫ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻫﺎواي ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺰر‬-١
.‫ أﻛﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺎوﻧﺎ ﻟﻮا‬.‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎؤﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﺑﺮاﻛﻴﻦ‬،‫ﻫﺎواي ﻫﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ وأﺻﻐﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬
،‫ أﻗﺪم ﻋﻀﻮ ﻓﻲ أرﺧﺒﻴﻞ ﻫﺎواي ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﺎء‬،Kure Atoll ‫ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﺖ‬.‫إﻧﻪ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺑﺮﻛﺎن درﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻷرض‬
.‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ‬٣٠ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬

2- (Q3) If any new island formed, this would cause a volcanic eruption.
.‫ ﻓﺴﻴﺆدي ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ اﻧﺪﻻع ﺑﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ‬،‫ إذا ﺗﺸﻜﻠﺖ أي ﺟﺰﻳﺮة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬-٢

3- Tsunamis may also initiate in the Hawaiian Islands.(Q5) They are giant waves caused by
earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea.
‫ وﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺰﻻزل أو اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎرات اﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰر ﻫﺎواي‬
ً ‫ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺗﺴﻮﻧﺎﻣﻲ أﻳ‬-٣
.‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The author in paragraph one talks about _____ ‫ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻋﻦ‬:١‫س‬
_____
A. The volcanos of the island. .‫ ﺑﺮاﻛﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة‬.‫أ‬

Q2: How did the islands formed at the surface ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﺖ اﻟﺠﺰر ﻓﻮق ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺎء؟‬:٢‫س‬
of the water?
A. one by one less than 30 million years ‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ‬٣٠ ‫ واﺣﺪة ﺗﻠﻮ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What can cause a volcanic eruption? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ؟‬:٣‫س‬
C. forming new islands ‫ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺰر ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬.‫ج‬

Q4: The word “it” refers to _____ _____ ‫ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻰ‬:٤‫س‬
B. a volcanoe. .‫ ﺑﺮﻛﺎن‬.‫ب‬

Q5: The word “Tsunami” means _____ _____ ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺴﻮﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬:٥‫س‬
A. great waves. .‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: The word “piles” means _____ _____ ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻛﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬:٦‫س‬
C. a stack. .‫ ﻛﻮﻣﺔ‬.‫ج‬

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 ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ 🖋‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪1- (Q1) The term Classical Arabic (CA) refers to Fus’ha Arabic based on Quranic Arabic.Towards‬‬
‫‪the end of the Abbasid dynasty rule, deviations started to appear. Classic Arabic has‬‬
‫‪underwent some changes including (Q2) the addition of dots and supplementary diacritics‬‬
‫‪(tashkeel) by Abu al-Aswad al Du'ali, Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi, and other scholars.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ )‪ (CA‬إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻜﻢ اﻷﺳﺮة اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪأت اﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﻬﻮر )أﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮب اﺳﻢ "ﻻﻫﻦ"(‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﻮل دون اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ( ﻛﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻮق‪ ،‬وﻇﺎﻫﺮة ازدواج اﻟﻠﺴﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺷﻬﺪت‬
‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﻤﻠﺖ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﻘﺎط وﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﻤﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ( ﻷﺑﻲ اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﺪؤاﻟﻲ واﻟﺨﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ أﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻔﺮاﻫﻴﺪي وﻋﻠﻤﺎء آﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪2- Modern Standard Arabic (MSA): (Q3) Modern Standard Arabic is the form of Arabic used in‬‬
‫‪modern day media, including TV channels and prints.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ )‪ :(MSA‬اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋﻼم اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت‪.‬‬

‫‪3- (Q4) Classical Arabic can be easily found in Quran and Hadith (quotes from prophet‬‬
‫‪Mohamad).‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن واﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ )اﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪303‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫______ )‪Q1: Classical Arabic (CA‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ )‪_____ (CA‬‬
‫)‪D. (A+B+C‬‬ ‫د‪) .‬أ ‪ +‬ب ‪ +‬ج(‬

‫‪Q2: The changes that the Classical Arabic‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺮت ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫______ ‪(CA) underwent included‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ )‪ (CA‬ﺷﻤﻠﺖ ______‬
‫‪B. adding dots and tashkeel (diacritics).‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط واﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ )ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ(‪.‬‬

‫‪Q3: The form of Arabic used in modern day‬‬ ‫س‪ :3‬ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪media, including TV channels, and prints is‬‬ ‫اﻹﻋﻼم اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫______ ‪called‬‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ _____‬
‫‪D. Modern Standard Arabic.‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q4: Classical Arabic can be easily found‬‬ ‫س‪ :٤‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫______‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ _____‬
‫‪A. in Quran and Hadith.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن واﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q5: The best title for this passage could be‬‬ ‫س‪ :٥‬أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫______‬ ‫______‬
‫‪B. Differences between Classical Arabic and‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻟﻔﺮوق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ واﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Modern Standard Arabic.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪.‬‬

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 📸 ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1-.(Q1) In 1694, a philosopher named Wilhelm Homberg discovered that light darkened certain
chemicals. That discovery helped others to begin creating photographs.
‫ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮف ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻠﻬﻠﻢ ﻫﻤﺒﻮرغ أن اﻟﻀﻮء ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬1694 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-١
.‫ وﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﺼﻮر‬.‫ﺳﻮداء‬

2- In 1826, the first photograph was taken using a polished metal plate and an oil called
bitumen, which reacts to light. (Q2) Photographic technology then advanced quickly, and ways
of taking and developing pictures became cheaper and easier. Photography studios began to
pop up in urban areas.
‫ اﻟﺬي‬،‫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻻوﻟﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﻘﻮﻟﺔ وزﻳﺖ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻘﺎر‬،1826 ‫ وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-٢
‫ وأﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻃﺮق أﺧﺬ وﺗﺤﻤﻴﺾ اﻟﺼﻮر أرﺧﺺ‬،‫ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬.‫ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻀﻮء‬
.‫ ﺑﺪأت اﺳﺘﻮدﻳﻮﻫﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ‬.‫وأﺳﻬﻞ‬

3- In 1900, George Eastman invented the Brownie camera, (Q3) a small portable camera which
was easy to use. Though colour photography was invented in the late 1800, (Q4) color film
didn't take off until the 1950s.
‫ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ‬،‫ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮا ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬.‫ اﺧﺘﺮع ﺟﻮرج اﻳﺴﺘﻤﺎن ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮا ﺑﺮاوﻧﻲ‬،١٩٠٠ ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬-٣
‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﺘﺸﺮ اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ‬،١٨٠٠ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ أواﺧﺮ ﻋﺎم‬.‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
. ١٩٥٠ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻮن اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Wilhelm Homberg lived in the ____ ____.‫ ﻋﺎش ﻓﻴﻠﻬﻠﻢ ﻫﻮﻣﺒﺮج ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن‬:1 ‫س‬
century.
C. 17th 17 .‫ج‬

Q2: The main idea of paragraph 2 is that__ _____‫ ﻫﻲ أن‬2 ‫ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:2‫س‬
B. How photography developed and advanced .‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ وأﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ‬.‫ب‬
quickly and became a profession.

Q3: The Brownie camera was ____ ____‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮا ﺑﺮاوﻧﻲ‬:٣‫س‬
A. easy to use and to carry. .‫ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام واﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: If somebody lived in 1956, he _____ _____‫ ﻓﻬﻮ‬،1956 ‫ إذا ﻋﺎش ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺎم‬:4‫س‬
D. could have had colored photos. .‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻣﻠﻮﻧﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q5: The main idea of the passage is? ____‫ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﻲ‬:5‫س‬
A. How photography developed from the past ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬.‫أ‬
until now. .‫ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن‬

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 🐙 ‫اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- (Q1) A creature is considered poisonous if it contains toxins stored in them that cause harm
when eaten. A creature is considered venomous if there are specialized mechanisms to
physically deliver the toxins. For example, (Q2) a pufferfish is poisonous when eaten.
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮق ﺳﺎًﻣﺎ‬.‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮق ﺳﺎًﻣﺎ إذا اﺣﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻤﻮم ﻣﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﺮًرا ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻪ‬-1
‫ اﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻔﺨﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك آﻟﻴﺎت ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﻤﻮم ﺟﺴﺪًﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻬﺎ‬

2- (Q3) In Animal Planet's (Most Extreme: Venom) program, marine creatures made up half the
list of the top ten most venomous creatures. These include the box jellyfish, stonefish, blue-
ringed octopus, cone shells and sea snakes. All of these, (Q4) other than the box jellyfish, can
be found in Malaysian waters.
‫ ﺷﻜﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺸﺮة‬،(‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت )اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻄﺮﻓﺎ ﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬-٢
،‫ واﻟﺴﻤﻚ اﻟﺤﺠﺮي‬،‫ وﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻗﻨﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻲ‬،(‫اﻷواﺋﻞ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻤﻴﺔ )ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺬف اﻟﺴﻢ‬
،‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬.‫ وﺛﻌﺎﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬،‫ واﻷﺻﺪاف اﻟﻤﺨﺮوﻃﻴﺔ‬،‫واﻷﺧﻄﺒﻮط ذو اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻗﻨﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻲ‬

3- These creatures are not naturally aggressive toward humans. It is only when our presence
and behaviour threaten and provoke them (Q5) that they act in self-defense.
‫ إﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ‬،‫ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺪواﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺒﺸﺮ وﻻ ﺗﺤﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﻤﺘﻨﺎ‬-٣
.‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﺘﺼﺮﻓﻮن دﻓﺎﻋﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬،‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻬﺪدﻫﻢ وﺟﻮدﻧﺎ وﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺗﻨﺎ وﻳﺴﺘﻔﺰﻫﻢ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The first paragraph explains the ____ ____‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺗﺸﺮح‬:1 ‫س‬
C. difference between venomous ‫ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت‬.‫ج‬
creatures and poisonous ones. .‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬

Q2: You probably get poisoned if you eat ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﺗﺴﻤﻢ إذا أﻛﻠﺖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ‬:٢‫س‬
this kind of fish _____ _____ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎك‬
D. pufferfish. ‫ اﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﺨﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q3: The top most marine venomous _____.‫ أﻫﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ أﻧﻮاع‬:٣‫س‬
creatures are _____ kinds.
C. 5 5 .‫ج‬

Q4: One of these marine venomous ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬:4 ‫س‬
creatures can’t be found in the Malaysian _____‫اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
Waters _____
A. the box jellyfish. .‫ ﻗﻨﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ‬.‫أ‬

Q5: Marine venomous creatures? _____‫ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬:5 ‫س‬

B. attack humans if threatened and they ‫ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ إذا ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻮا ﻟﻠﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ وﻳﺘﺼﺮﻓﻮن‬.‫ب‬
act in self-defense. .‫دﻓﺎﻋﴼ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬

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 📿 ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮان‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Translating the Quran has always been problematic and difficult. (Q1) The Quranic text
cannot be translated into another language or form. Furthermore, an Arabic word may have
many meanings depending on the context, making an accurate translation even more
difficult.
‫ ﻋﻼوة‬.‫ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﺺ اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻟﻐﺔ أو ﺷﻜﻞ آﺧﺮ‬.‫ ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآن إﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬-١
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ‬،‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮة اﻋﺘﻤﺎًدا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻴﺎق‬، ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬
.‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬

2- The Samanid king, Mansur ordered a group of scholars from Khorasan to translate the
Tafsir Al-Tabari, originally in Arabic, into Persian. In 1936, (Q2)translations in 102 languages of
the Quran were known. In 2010, the Quran was presented in 112 languages.
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
ً ‫ أﺻ‬،‫ أﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺑﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﺮي‬-٢
‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬،٢٠١٠ ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻐﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآن‬١٠٢ ‫ ُﻋﺮﻓﺖ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎت ﺑـ‬،١٩٣٦ ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻴﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
.‫ ﻟﻐﺔ‬١١٢ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن ﺑـ‬

3- Alexander Ross offered the (Q3) first English version in 1649 based on the French
translation. There have been numerous translations by Muslims.
‫ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬1649 ‫ ﻗﺪم أﻟﻜﺴﻨﺪر روس اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻋﺎم‬-3
.‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ‬

4- The English translators have sometimes favoured archaic English words and constructions
over their conventional equivalents; for example: using thou which means You.
‫ ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺟﻤﻮن اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ أﺣﻴﺎًﻧﺎ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت واﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ؛‬-٤
.‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﺖ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﺖ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬

309
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: It was thought that it was difficult to ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬:1 ‫س‬
translate the Quran into another language _____‫إﻟﻰ ﻟﻐﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻷن‬
because __
D. (B+C) (‫ ج‬+ ‫د )ب‬

Q2: Paragraph 2 is mainly talking about ‫ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬2 ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:2‫س‬
translating the Quran ____ ______‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
A. into many languages. .‫ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬.‫أ‬

Q3: The first translation of the Quran into ‫ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻘﺮآن إﻟﻰ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬:3‫س‬
English was from _____ _______.‫ﻣﻦ‬
B. French. .‫ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: If you are reading an English translation ‫ ورأﻳﺖ‬،‫ إذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻘﺮأ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ إﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮآن‬:4‫س‬
for the Quran, and you see the word "thou", _______‫ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺗﻔﻬﻢ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬،"‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﻧﺖ‬
you understand that it means _____
D. you. .‫ أﻧﺖ‬.‫د‬

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 🐼 ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻧﺪا ﻣﻲ ﻻن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Mei Lan is a male giant panda. He was born at Zoo Atlanta in Atlanta, Georgia. Originally
identified by zoo staffers as female, (Q1) Mei Lan was determined to be male by staff in China
at the Chengdu Research Base of Panda Breeding. Mei Lan was relocated to Chengdu, (Q2)
China according to the contract in 2010.
‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻻن ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻﻞ‬.‫ ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﺎ‬،‫ وﻟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﻴﻮان أﺗﻼﻧﺘﺎ ﻓﻲ أﺗﻼﻧﺘﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﻲ ﻻن ﻫﻮ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﺎﻧﺪا ﻋﻤﻼق‬-1
‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻻن ﻟﻴﻜﻮن ذﻛًﺮا ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ‬،‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮان ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ أﻧﺜﻰ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻦ وﻓًﻘﺎ‬Chengdu ‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬Mei Lan ‫ ﺗﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة أﺑﺤﺎث ﺗﺸﻨﻐﺪو ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻧﺪا‬
.2010 ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬

2- The Chinese started teaching it languages, (Q3) to help Mei Lan adapt more quickly to his
new life, (Q4) by recruiting a language teacher via the Internet. Now Mei Lan (Q5) lives at a zoo
in Atlanta, Georgia.
‫ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﻲ ﻻن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺮع ﻣﻊ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬،‫ ﺑﺪأ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮن ﺑﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬-٢
.‫ ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻻن اﻵن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ أﺗﻼﻧﺘﺎ‬.‫ﺧﻼل ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻣﺪرس ﻟﻐﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬

311
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The giant panda Mei Lan was _____ _____ ‫ اﻟﺒﺎﻧﺪا اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﻲ ﻻن ﺗﻢ‬:١‫س‬
D. determined to be male by staff in China. ‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﻨﺴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫د‬
.‫أﻧﻬﺎ ذﻛﺮ‬

Q2: Mei Lan was born in the USA, but ،‫ وﻟﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻻن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬:٢‫س‬
according to the contract, he belongs _______ ‫ ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ‬،‫وﻟﻜﻦ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪ‬
to______
C. China. .‫ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: Why did the Chinese teach the panda ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﻧﺪا؟‬:٣‫س‬
the language?
A. to feel like they are at home ‫ ﻟﻴﺸﻌﺮوه اﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Who taught them the language? ‫ ﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ؟‬:٤ ‫س‬
B. a teacher ‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‬.‫ب‬

Q5: Where does Mei Lan live? ‫ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ اﻟﺒﺎﻧﺪا ﻣﻲ ﻻن؟‬:٥ ‫س‬
A. in Georgia ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﺎ‬.‫أ‬

312
 🚧 ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- My name is Betrom Thomas and (Q1) I travelled with a group of scientists on a Saudi
Aramco run trip to Shaybah on 4th October.
‫ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﺘﺮوم ﺗﻮﻣﺎس وﺳﺎﻓﺮت ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ رﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺪﻳﺮﻫﺎ أراﻣﻜﻮ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬-١
.‫ أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬٤ ‫ﻓﻲ‬

2-(Q2) The Rub' al Khali we visited located in in the middle of Rub’ al-Khali desert, Q3) was quite
amazing for us to see such a number of birds live there.
‫ﻼ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا‬
ً ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺬﻫ‬،‫ اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺬي زرﻧﺎه ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺻﺤﺮاء اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ‬-٢
.‫اﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻴﻮر ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﻫﻨﺎك‬

3. The region has a hot desert climate typical of the larger Arabian Desert. Daily
maximum temperatures can reach as high as 51 °C, but temperature dropping to (Q4) zero
degrees Celsius on winter nights.Ir’s known that (Q5) Ghawar, the largest oil field in the world,
extends southward into the northern parts of the Empty Quarter.
‫ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺼﻞ درﺟﺎت‬.‫ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﻨﺎخ ﺻﺤﺮاوي ﺣﺎر ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ‬-٣
،‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة إﻟﻰ ﺻﻔﺮ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء‬،‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬٥١ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻘﺼﻮى إﻟﻰ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﺟﻨﻮًﺑﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺑﻊ‬،‫ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻧﻔﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬،‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف أن ﺣﻘﻞ اﻟﻐﻮار‬
.‫اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ‬

313
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What did Betrom Thomas do? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﻣﺎس؟‬:1 ‫س‬
B. visit Shaybah Oil field. .‫ زار ﺣﻘﻞ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Where is the location of Shaybah Oil field? ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻂ؟‬:٢‫س‬
A. in the center of Rub’ al-Khali desert ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺻﺤﺮاء اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: Why were the scientists amazed when ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻨﺪﻫﺸﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ زارو ﺣﻘﻞ‬:٣‫س‬
they visit Shaybah Oil field? ‫ﺷﻴﺒﺔ؟‬
A. How birds live there ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ اﻟﻄﻴﻮر ﻫﻨﺎك‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What is the temperature at night? ‫ ﻣﺎ درﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء؟‬:٤ ‫س‬

C. 0C. .‫ ﺻﻔﺮ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q5: Which is bigger field? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻂ؟‬:٥‫س‬

A. Ghawar ‫ اﻟﻐﻮار‬.‫أ‬

314
 🎢 ‫ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻼﻫﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- 600 years ago, roller coaster pioneers never would have never imagined the
advancements that have been made to create the roller coasters of today. Roller coasters
have a long, fascinating history. The direct ancestors of roller coasters were monumental ice
slides. (Q2) A roller coaster was built based on physics’ fundamental principles.
ً ‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ رواد ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻼﻫﻲ ﻳﺘﺨﻴﻠﻮن أﺑ‬،‫ ﻋﺎم‬٦٠٠ ‫ ﻣﻨﺬ‬-١
‫ﺪا اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاؤﻫﺎ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ا ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻼﻫﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء‬.‫ ﻛﺎن أول ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻼﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮاﺋﺢ ﺟﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ‬.‫ ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻼﻫﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ وراﺋﻊ‬.‫اﻟﻴﻮم‬
.‫ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻼﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء‬

2- Roller coasters were popular in Russia in the 16th and 17th centuries. (Q3) But it didn’t work
in France because the warmer climate of France tended to melt the ice. Since 1817, (Q4)there
has been a great development of the roller coaster industry. The Russians made the first
roller coaster where the train was attached to the track. The French continued to expand on
this idea, coming up with more complex tracks.
‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ ﻛﺎن ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻼﻫﻲ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ روﺳﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻋﺸﺮ واﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‬-٢
‫ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺗﻄﻮر ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ‬١٨١٧ ‫ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻷن اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ دﻓًﺌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻤﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ إذاﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ‬
‫ واﺻﻞ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﻮن‬.‫ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﺮوس أول ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻼﻫﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻢ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻘﻄﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎر‬.‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻼﻫﻲ‬
.‫ﺪا‬
ً ‫ وﺧﺮﺟﻮا ﺑﻤﺴﺎر أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴ‬،‫اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﻜﺮة‬

315
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does (ancestors) mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ )اﻷﺟﺪاد(؟‬:1 ‫س‬
A. predecessors .‫ أﺳﻼﻓﻪ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What's the relation between roller coasters ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻼﻫﻲ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ؟‬:2 ‫س‬
and physic?
B. They are built based on physics’ fundamental ‫ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬
principles. .‫ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء‬

Q3: Why didn’t the French use ice and used ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﻮن اﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬:3 ‫س‬
wax, instead? ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮ اﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ؟‬
A. Because France is warmer than Russia. .‫ ﻷن ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ دﻓﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ روﺳﻴﺎ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:4 ‫س‬
D. It talks about the development of the roller .‫ ﻳﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻮت‬.‫د‬
coaster industry.

316
 💷 ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻼت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
1- People named their coins after many things like their weight. For example The English
pound is derived from (Q3) the Latin pondo meaning pound. So is the Spanish (Q4) peso which
means (Q5) light weight.
‫ ُﻳﺸﺘﻖ اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻪ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰي ﻣﻦ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫ أﻃﻠﻖ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻼﺗﻬﻢ أﺳﻤﺎء ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﻣﺜﻞ وزﻧﻬﻢ‬-١
.‫ وأﻳﻀﴼ اﻟﺒﻴﺰو اﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺧﻔﺔ اﻟﻮزن‬.‫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻪ‬pondo ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

2- Another way of naming coins was the metals of which they were composed. Thus, the
nickel is (Q6) made of nickel.
‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻨﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﺼﻨﻮع‬،‫ وﻫﻜﺬا‬.‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼت اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬-٢
.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻴﻜﻞ‬

3- Location sometimes plays an important role in the naming of some coins. The word (Q7)
thal means valley in (Q8) German. Then by 1600, the spelling was changed into dollar.
‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻮادي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬thal ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬.‫ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻤﻼت اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ ً ‫ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ أﺣﻴﺎًﻧﺎ دوًرا ﻣﻬ‬-٣
.‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻬﺠﺌﺔ إﻟﻰ دوﻻر‬،١٦٠٠ ‫ ﺛﻢ ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺎم‬.‫اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

4- Most of the coins have their names from Latin such as the word riyal. Its (Q9) Latin word is
regalis, meaning royal.
،Regalis ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‬.‫ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ أﺳﻤﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ رﻳﺎل‬-4
.‫وﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ‬

5- (Q10) The Kuwaiti dinar is the most expensive with an exchange rate of 3.32 dollars for one
dinar.
.‫ دوﻻر ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻨﺎر اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬3.32 ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺳﻌﺮ اﻟﺼﺮف‬،‫ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎر اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺘﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻷﻏﻠﻰ ﺳﻌﺮﴽ‬-5

317
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which of the following was not used to ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎق اﺳﻢ‬:1 ‫س‬
derive the name of the coin? ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ؟‬
D. names of kings ‫ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻠﻮك‬.‫د‬

Q2: What does the word “derived” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺸﺘﻖ"؟‬:٢‫س‬
A. originated ‫ ﻧﺸﺄت‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What is the origin of the word “peso”? ‫ ﻣﺎ أﺻﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻴﺰو؟‬:٣‫س‬
C. Latin ‫ اﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q4: What does the underlined pronoun which, ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻓﻲ‬:٤‫س‬
paragraph 1, refer to ‫؟‬1 ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
D. peso ‫ ﺑﻴﺰو‬.‫د‬

Q5: What is the meaning of peso? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺰو؟‬:٥‫س‬

A. light weight ‫ وزن ﺧﻔﻴﻒ‬.‫أ‬

Q6: What is Nickle’s name derived from? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﺳﻢ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻖ؟‬:٦‫س‬

C. its material ‫ ﻣﺎدﺗﻬﺎ‬.‫ج‬

Q7: Which of the following is a German word? ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬:٧‫س‬
B. thal ‫ ﺛﺎل‬.‫ب‬

Q8: What is the origin of the word “Dollar”? ‫ ﻣﺎ أﺻﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "دوﻻر"؟‬:٨‫س‬
A. Germany ‫ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬.‫أ‬

Q9: What is the origin of riyal? ‫ ﻣﺎ أﺻﻞ اﻟﺮﻳﺎل؟‬:٩‫س‬

B. Latin – regalis ‫ رﻳﺠﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ‬- ‫ اﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q10: What is the most expensive currency? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻏﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﺔ؟‬:١٠‫س‬

D. Kuwaiti Dinar ‫ دﻳﻨﺎر ﻛﻮﻳﺘﻲ‬.‫د‬

318
 ⛴ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
1- Lateen sails were developed by the Arabs, then adopted in the Eastern Mediterranean. (Q1)
Lateen sails played an important role in the history of navigation as links. They were the
transitional phase between square sails and fore-and-aft sails.
‫ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺒﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮق اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻌﺒﺖ‬،‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻷﺷﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب‬-1
‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺷﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺔ‬.‫ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻛﺮواﺑﻂ‬
ً ‫اﻷﺷﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮة دوًرا ﻣﻬ‬
.‫واﻷﺷﺮﻋﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬

2- A lateen sail is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast, and
running in a fore-and-aft direction.
‫ وﻳﺴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬،‫ اﻟﺸﺮاع اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺮاع ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﺑﺰاوﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺎري‬-2
.‫اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ واﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‬

3- Its effective use of (Q2) Latin sails by Arabs caused its rapid spread throughout the
Mediterranean, contributing significantly to the revival of medieval commerce. This
improvement, proves the important role Arabs played in the European civilization.
‫ أدى اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﻟﻸﺷﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺮب إﻟﻰ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرﻫﺎ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬-3
‫ وﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ إﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬،‫اﻷﺑﻴﺾ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
.‫اﻟﺪور اﻟﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻌﺒﻪ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does the pronoun, "they", the ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:‫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻢ‬:١‫س‬
first paragraph, refer to? ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ؟‬
A. lateen sails ‫ اﻟﺸﺮاع اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What is the purpose of this passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:٢‫س‬

C. description ‫ اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: "This improvement" refers to _____ _____ ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ " اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ" ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬:٣‫س‬
D. Arab Latin sails. .‫ اﻷﺷﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬.‫د‬

319
 ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻮق اﻻوﻧﻼﻳﻦ 🛒‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Look at the graph below and answer the questions based on what you see.‬‬
‫اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮاه‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: How many Mexican Internet users‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻜﺴﻴﻜﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫?‪purchased an online product last month‬‬ ‫ﺠﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﻬﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ؟‬
‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ اﺷﺘﺮوا ﻣﻨﺘ ً‬
‫‪C. 62%‬‬ ‫ج‪٪62 .‬‬

‫‪Q2: Which country made the highest‬‬ ‫س ‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
‫?‪percentage of online purchases last month‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮاء ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﻬﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ؟‬
‫‪A. China‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﺼﻴﻦ‬

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 ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺋﺮ اﻻﻋﺎﺻﻴﺮ 🌪‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Look at the graph below and answer the questions based on what you see.‬‬
‫اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮاه‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What was the cost of hurricane damage‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬اﺿﺮار اﻷﻋﺎﺻﻴﺮ ﻋﺎم ‪١٩٢٨‬؟‬
‫?‪in 1928‬‬
‫‪B. $97.7 billion‬‬ ‫ب‪ 97.7 .‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎر دوﻻر‬

‫‪Q2: In which year was the cost of hurricane‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ أﺿﺮار اﻹﻋﺼﺎر اﻷﻋﻠﻰ؟‬
‫?‪damage the highest‬‬
‫‪A. 2017‬‬ ‫أ‪2017 .‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ 📈‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The (Q2) population levels started to increase very quickly in 1700s. From that time, it‬‬
‫)‪continued to increase till today. In 1800s, Paris was over populated and because of that, (Q3‬‬
‫‪Georges Haussmann rebuilt parts of Paris. Then the (Q1) American architect Louis Sullivan built‬‬
‫‪the White City.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪأت ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﻤﺮت ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻴﻮم‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ ﻣﻜﺘﻈﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﺎن وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬أﻋﺎد ﺟﻮرج‬
‫ﻫﻮﺳﻤﺎن ﺑﻨﺎء أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﺑﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻮﻳﺲ ﺳﻮﻟﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What is the nationality of Louis Sullivan‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﻳﺲ ﺳﻮﻟﻴﻔﺎن؟‬
‫‪C. American‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬أﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Q2: When did population levels begin to‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪأت ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‬
‫?‪increase very quickly‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة؟‬
‫‪B. 1700s‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻟﻘﺮن ‪17‬‬

‫?‪Q3: Who rebuilt parts of Paris in the 1800s‬‬ ‫س‪ :3‬ﻣﻦ أﻋﺎد ﺑﻨﺎء أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ؟‬
‫‪B. Georges Haussmann‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﺟﻮرج ﻫﻮﺳﻤﺎن‬

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 👅 ‫اﻟﺸﻢ واﻟﺘﺬوق‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A- The sense of smell is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. (Q1) It
uses the receptor cells to detect other smells. (Q2) The receptor cells are more involved in
smell than taste as it also plays role in perception of taste.
‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮواﺋﺢ‬.‫ ﺣﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺸﻢ ﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﺳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ُﺗﺪرك ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺮواﺋﺢ‬-‫أ‬
.‫ﻀﺎ دوًرا ﻓﻲ إدراك اﻟﺘﺬوق‬
ً ‫ ﺗﺸﺎرك ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻢ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬوق ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ أﻳ‬.‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬

B- The sense of taste is the sensory system that is partially responsible for the perception of
taste (flavor). (Q1) It uses the receptor cells to detect some flavor. When you enjoy food, (Q3)
both taste and smell sense interact to create delicious flavors.
‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬.(‫ ﺣﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺬوق ﻫﻲ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺤﺴﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﺟﺰﺋﻴﴼ ﻋﻦ إدراك اﻟﺬوق )اﻟﻨﻜﻬﺔ‬-‫ب‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺬوق واﻟﺸﻢ ﻟﺨﻠﻖ ﻧﻜﻬﺎت‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬.‫ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﻜﻬﺔ‬
.‫ﻟﺬﻳﺬة‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What can we understand from Passages A (‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ )أ( و )ب‬:1 ‫س‬
and B about both taste and smell? ‫ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻌﻢ واﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ؟‬
C. They both involve the use of receptor cells .‫ ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻄﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What do the passages say about the ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮات ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬:2 ‫س‬
receptor cells involved in taste and smell? ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬوق واﻟﺸﻢ؟‬
B. The receptor cells involved in smell are a lot ‫ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺸﻢ‬.‫ب‬
more than those involved in taste. .‫ﻫﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺬوق‬

Q3: According to the passages, why are taste ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺬوق واﻟﺸﻢ‬،‫ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﻘﺮات‬:3 ‫س‬
and smell important for us to enjoy food? ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎع ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎم؟‬
B. Both senses interact to create flavors. .‫ ﻛﻼ اﻟﺤﻮاس ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻟﺨﻠﻖ اﻟﻨﻜﻬﺎت‬.‫ب‬

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 ‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ 🌏‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪The world economy has been growing these days. (Q1) Canada has become America’s leading‬‬
‫)‪export partner. But (Q3) in 2007, worldwide economic recession began. The percentage of (Q2‬‬
‫‪decline in Europe’s economy in 2009 was 3.9%. However, China increase (Q4) its total world‬‬
‫‪trade share from 6% in 2003 to 15% now.‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﻤﻮ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻳﺎم‪ .‬أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺪا اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ ﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪،2007‬‬
‫ﺑﺪأ اﻟﺮﻛﻮد اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻷوروﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ .٪3,9 2009‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫زادت اﻟﺼﻴﻦ ﺣﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٪6‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ 2003‬إﻟﻰ ‪ ٪15‬اﻵن‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: Who is America's leading export‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ؟‬
‫?‪partner‬‬
‫‪A. Canada‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻛﻨﺪا‬

‫‪Q2: What was the percentage of the‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬
‫?‪Europe economy decline in 2009‬‬ ‫اﻷوروﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪2009‬؟‬
‫‪C. 3.9 percent‬‬ ‫ج‪ 3,9 .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ‬

‫‪Q3: When did the worldwide recession‬‬ ‫س‪ :3‬ﻣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪأ اﻟﺮﻛﻮد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ؟‬
‫?‪begin‬‬
‫‪B. In 2007‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪2007‬‬

‫‪Q4: What was China's total world trade‬‬ ‫س‪ :4‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬
‫?‪share in 2003‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪2003‬؟‬
‫‪D. 6 percent‬‬ ‫د‪ 6 .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ‬

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 ⚖️ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
legal systems in countries generally fall into two categories: common law and civil law. (Q1)
The civil law is more common than the common law. The difference is that (Q2) civil law is
based on written constitutions and codes whereas common law is based on judicial opinions.
‫ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ‬.‫ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺎم واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ‬:‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان ﻋﻤﻮًﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻓﺌﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻫﻮ أن اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ إﻟﻰ دﺳﺎﺗﻴﺮ وﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬.‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮًﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺎم‬
.‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ آراء ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is one important idea that the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬:1 ‫س‬
writer mentions? ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
B. Civil law is more common than common .‫ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮًﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺎم‬.‫ب‬
law.

Q2: What is one important idea that the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬:2 ‫س‬
writer mentions? ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
C. Civil law is based on written constitutions ‫ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ دﺳﺎﺗﻴﺮ وﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬.‫ج‬
and codes. .‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬

325
 🛩 ‫ﺣﻮادث ﻃﺎﺋﺮات‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Plane Crash is one of the rare but most dangerous accidents. (Q4) They usually happen during
takeoff and landing. (Q5) The risk of crashing is biggest for frequent, long distance flights, so
airlines carefully (Q2) calculate every action and (Q1) evaluate the risk beforehand. It was (Q2)
determined that the plane crash risk is dependent on environmental reasons, but (Q3) I think it
depends on national plane crash averages. People should (Q1) consider the risk of the crash
before riding the plane.
‫ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺧﻄﺮ‬.‫ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻋﺎدة أﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻗﻼع واﻟﻬﺒﻮط‬.‫ﺗﺤﻄﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺤﻮادث ﻧﺪرة وﻟﻜﻦ أﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺤﺴﺐ ﺷﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻄﻴﺮان ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﻞ إﺟﺮاء‬،‫اﻻﺻﻄﺪام أﻛﺒﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺣﻼت اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ واﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮرة‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻨﻲ أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أن ذﻟﻚ‬،‫ ﺗﻘﺮر أن ﺧﻄﺮ ﺗﺤﻄﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺒﺎب ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬.‫وﺗﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﺴﺒًﻘﺎ‬
‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام ﻗﺒﻞ‬.‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎت ﺗﺤﻄﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬
.‫رﻛﻮب اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What are two words the writer uses to ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﺎن ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬:1 ‫س‬
mean “judge”? ‫"ﻗﺎﺿﻲ"؟‬
C. evaluate / consider ‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬/ ‫ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What are two words that the writer ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﺎن ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬:2 ‫س‬
uses to mean, “Find out”? ‫"اﻛﺘﺸﻒ"؟‬
C. determine / calculate ‫ ﺣﺴﺎب‬/ ‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: How is the writer's view about plane ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻮل ﺧﻄﺮ‬:3 ‫س‬
crash risk different from the general belief? ‫ﺗﺤﻄﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة ﻋﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد اﻟﻌﺎم؟‬
B. It depends on national averages ‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎت اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: According to the passage, which of the ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻦ‬، ‫ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬:4 ‫س‬
following is a fact about most plane ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺣﻮادث ﺗﺤﻄﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات؟‬
crashes?
B. They happen during takeoff and landing. .‫ ﺗﺤﺪث أﺛﻨﺎء اﻹﻗﻼع واﻟﻬﺒﻮط‬.‫ب‬

Q5: What can we understand from the ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻦ‬:5 ‫س‬
passage about airplane crashes? ‫ﺣﻮادث اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات؟‬
C. The risk of crashing is biggest for ‫ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺧﻄﺮ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام أﻛﺒﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺣﻼت‬.‫ج‬
frequent, long distance flights. .‫اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ وﻣﺘﻜﺮرة‬

326
 🏢 ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Corporation is an organization with a group of people like (Q2) shareholders and directors who
meet at least once a year to discuss business and profits. (Q1) Two main types of corporations
are Non-profit corporation and Business (profit based) corporation.
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﻀﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﻴﻦ واﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺠﺘﻤﻌﻮن‬
‫ ﻧﻮﻋﺎن رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ‬.‫ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﺳﻨﻮًﻳﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل واﻷرﺑﺎح‬
.(‫اﻟﺮﺑﺤﻴﺔ واﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت )اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺑﺢ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What are the two main types of ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﺎن اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت؟‬:1 ‫س‬
corporations?
C. non-profit and business corporations ‫ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﺑﺤﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Which people must meet at least once a ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺠﺘﻤﻌﻮا ﻣﺮة‬:2 ‫س‬
year? ‫واﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ؟‬
C. shareholders and directors ‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﻴﻦ واﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ج‬

327
 🫀 ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Human Anatomy is the study of human body. It was first introduced and researched by (Q1)
Galen but he made mistakes in his writing because he had little information about human
anatomy, so it wasn’t accurate. Later on, (Q2) Vesalius continued his research by getting dead
bodies after his friends in the local government allowed him. (Q3) In 1600s, Leeuwenhoek
invented a better microscope which made new discoveries possible.
‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻪ وﺑﺤﺜﻪ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺟﺎﻟﻴﻨﻮس ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ارﺗﻜﺐ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ اﻟﺒﺸﺮي ﻫﻮ دراﺳﺔ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬
.‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ دﻗﻴًﻘﺎ‬،‫أﺧﻄﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺗﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻪ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‬
‫ واﺻﻞ ﻓﻴﺴﺎﻟﻴﻮس ﺑﺤﺜﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺚ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻪ أﺻﺪﻗﺎؤه ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻻﺣﻖ‬
‫ اﺧﺘﺮع ﻟﻴﻮﻳﻨﻬﻮك ﻣﺠﻬًﺮا أﻓﻀﻞ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‬.‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What was the main reason Galen made ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ وراء أﺧﻄﺎء ﺟﺎﻟﻴﻨﻮس‬:1 ‫س‬
mistakes in his writing? ‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ؟‬
C. He had little information about human ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻪ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل ﻋﻠﻢ‬.‫ج‬
anatomy. .‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‬

Q2: How was Vesalius able get dead bodies ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ اﺳﺘﻄﺎع ﻓﻴﺴﺎﻟﻴﻮس اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺚ‬:2 ‫س‬
for his research? ‫ﻷﺑﺤﺎﺛﻪ؟‬
B. His friends in local government allowed ‫ ﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻪ أﺻﺪﻗﺎؤه ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬.‫ب‬
him.

Q3: What is one reason new discoveries were ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﻌﺪ‬:3 ‫س‬
possible after the 1600s? ‫اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ؟‬
B. Leeuwenhoek developed a better .‫ ﻟﻴﻮﻳﻨﻬﻮك ﻃﻮر ﻣﺠﻬًﺮا أﻓﻀﻞ‬.‫ب‬
microscope.

Q4: What is the closest meaning to the word ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "دﻗﻴﻖ"؟‬:4 ‫س‬
“accurate”?
B. correct ‫ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬.‫ب‬

Q5: What is the closest meaning to the word ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﺮض؟‬:5 ‫س‬
“introduced”?
C. began ‫ ﺑﺪأ‬.‫ج‬

Q6: What is the closest meaning to the word ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ )اﺧﺘﺮع(؟‬:6 ‫س‬
“invented”?
B. made ‫ ﺻﻨﻊ‬.‫ب‬

328
 🔋 ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﺪرة‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Every system has Loss of energy (Wasted energy). Even friction, which is (Q1) moving one
surface against another, causes wasted energy.
،‫ اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ آﺧﺮ‬،‫ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك‬.(‫ﻛﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﻘﺪان ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ )ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻬﺪرة‬
.‫ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ إﻫﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is one important point that the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬:1‫س‬
writer mentions?
C. Moving one surface against another causes ‫ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ آﺧﺮ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ إﻫﺪار‬.‫ج‬
wasted energy. .‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

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 ☘ ‫اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Agriculture has been human’s main source of food over the years. The (Q2) green revolution
started in 1950s by using new seeds and fertilizers to improve agriculture which (Q4) helped
end the hunger in many countries. Fertilizers helped plants grow but (Q5) over fertilization can
destroy plants. (Q1) Artificial fertilizers are effective and popular while natural fertilizers are
less effective and costly. Some countries has become (Q3) exporters of food because they used
enhanced farming techniques and crop yields.
‫ ﺑﺪأت اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻨﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ‬.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ اﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺬور وأﺳﻤﺪة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻮع ﻓﻲ‬
.‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺪت اﻷﺳﻤﺪة اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻹﻓﺮاط ﻓﻲ اﻹﺧﺼﺎب ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺪﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‬
‫ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‬.‫اﻷﺳﻤﺪة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ وﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻷﺳﻤﺪة اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
.‫ُﻣﺼﺪرة ﻟﻸﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻨﺔ وﻋﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Why does the writer use the "while" ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬:1 ‫س‬
conjunction “while” in the paragraph? ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة؟‬
C. to show that artificial fertilizers are more ‫ ﻹﺛﺒﺎت أن اﻷﺳﻤﺪة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮًﻋﺎ‬.‫ج‬
popular

Q2: What does paragraph say about the ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء؟‬:2 ‫س‬
green revolution?
A. It started with new seeds and fertilizers. .‫ ﺑﺪأت ﺑﺒﺬور وأﺳﻤﺪة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬.‫أ‬

Q3: How did some countries become ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺪول ﻣﺼﺪرة ﻟﻠﻐﺬاء؟‬:3 ‫س‬
exporters of food?
B. They used enhanced farming techniques ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮا ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻨﺔ وﻏﻼت‬.‫ب‬
and crop yields. .‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬

Q4: Why was the green revolution ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء ﻣﻬﻤﺔ؟‬:4 ‫س‬
important?
A. It helped end hunger in many countries. ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺪت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻮع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬.‫أ‬
.‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‬

Q5: How does over fertilization affect ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ اﻹﺧﺼﺎب اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت؟‬:5 ‫س‬
plants?
C. It can destroy plants. ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺪﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬.‫ج‬

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 ‫ﻓﻼﺳﻔﺔ اﻻﻏﺮﻳﻖ 📜‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC. Aristotle, (Q1) Plato and Democritus‬‬
‫‪were Greek Philosophers. They developed free will and nature theories about human‬‬
‫‪knowledge.‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺄت اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد‪ .‬ﻛﺎن أرﺳﻄﻮ وأﻓﻼﻃﻮن ودﻳﻤﻮﻗﺮﻳﻄﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻼﺳﻔﺔ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻃﻮروا ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻹرادة اﻟﺤﺮة و اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What two theories about human‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺘﺎن ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪knowledge did Plato and Democritus‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮرﻫﻤﺎ أﻓﻼﻃﻮن ودﻳﻤﻮﻗﺮﻳﻄﺲ؟‬
‫?‪develop‬‬
‫‪A. free will and nature‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﻳﺔ اﻹرادة واﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬

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 🛖 ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- In the natural world, some animals are intelligent as (Q1) they can match humans in creating
structures.
.‫ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ذﻛﻴﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻀﺎﻫﻲ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬-1

2- (Q2) Animals learn to build by different ways like observing others or some follow their
group.
.‫ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺑﻄﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ أو ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻬﻢ‬-2

3- (Q3) Structures build by animals (animal constructions) have many purposes like creating
protected habitats or building traps for prey.
‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﻨﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت )اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ( ﻟﻬﺎ أﻏﺮاض ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﺜﻞ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻮاﺋﻞ ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ أو‬-3
.‫ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺪ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻳﺴﺔ‬
4- Animal architecture is structures built by animals without intervention from humans.
.‫ اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت دون ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬-4

5- (Q4) Complex builds are often undertaken as a group, which helps speed up construction
time. For example, (Q5) ants build their cities in groups as it is a complex structure.
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ وﻗﺖ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬،‫ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪة ﻛﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬-5
.‫ ﻳﺒﻨﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻣﺪﻧﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة‬،‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬

332
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does the passage say about the natural ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
world?
C. Animals can match humans in creating ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت أن ﺗﻀﺎﻫﻲ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء‬.‫ج‬
structures. ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ‬

Q2: Which of the following statements about ‫ أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬:2 ‫س‬
building behavior does paragraph 2 support? ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻪ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة؟‬
C. There are different ways animals learn to .‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻃﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬.‫ج‬
build.

Q3: What does paragraph reveal about animal ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬:3 ‫س‬
constructions? ‫اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ؟‬
A. The constructions have many purposes. .‫ اﻻﻧﺸﺎءات ﻟﻬﺎ أﻏﺮاض ﻛﺜﻴﺮة‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Which sentence gives the main idea of ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬:4 ‫س‬
paragraph 5? ‫؟‬5 ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬
B. Complex builds are often undertaken as a ‫ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻹﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪة‬.‫ب‬
group ‫ﻛﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬

Q5: Which statement about animal architecture ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة‬:5 ‫س‬
in paragraph 5 is correct? ‫؟‬5 ‫اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. Ants build their cities in groups. .‫ ﻳﺒﻨﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻣﺪﻧﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬.‫أ‬

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 🤓 ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ اﻻﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Affirmative Action is a program of positive action to overcome the present effects of past
practices to equal employment opportunity.
‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ اﺗﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﺮص ﻋﻤﻞ اﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت‬-1
.‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ ﻓﺮص اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

2- (Q4) Even though affirmative action program has good results, there are (Q1) two problems
companies needs to deal with. The first is quotas and not having sufficient programs for all
employees.
‫ إﻻ أن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺟﻴﺪة‬-2
.‫ اﻷول ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺼﺺ وﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ‬.‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻤﺎ‬

3- The other is discrimination; (Q2) some companies still act in a negative way towards
minority group of employees. That’s why affirmative action program is implemented.
.‫ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﺗﺘﺼﺮف ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﺠﺎه ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷﻗﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ‬.‫ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬-3
.‫ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ‬

4- A significant part of this program are (Q3) women as they need to take legal action if
needed to work without discrimination.
‫ ﺟﺰء ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻷﻧﻬﻦ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ إذا ﻟﺰم اﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬-4
.‫دون ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬

334
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is one important idea that the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬:1‫س‬
writer mentions about quotas in paragraph ‫؟‬2 ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺤﺼﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
2?
C. They are one of two problems companies ‫ إﻧﻬﻤﺎ إﺣﺪى ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ‬.‫ج‬
deal with. .‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺘﺎن‬

Q2: What is one important idea the writer ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬:2‫س‬
mentions about affirmative action programs ‫؟‬3 ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻮل ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
in paragraph 3?
B. Some companies still act in a negative ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﺗﺘﺼﺮف ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬
way towards minority employees. .‫ﺗﺠﺎه ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ اﻷﻗﻠﻴﺎت‬

Q3: What is one important idea that the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬:3‫س‬
writer mentions about women in paragraph ‫؟‬4 ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
4?
C. They had to take legal action. .‫ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q4: Why does the writer mention that ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أن ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ‬:4‫س‬
affirmative action programs had two ‫ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻴﻦ؟‬
problems?
B. to show that these programs have had ‫ إﺛﺒﺎت أن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻗﺪ أﺳﻔﺮت ﻋﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬.‫ب‬
both good and bad results ‫ﺟﻴﺪة وﺳﻴﺌﺔ‬

Q5: What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ؟‬:5‫س‬
B. The effect of affirmative action programs ‫ أﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ‬.‫ب‬

335
 📚 ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ اوروﺑﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Education in Europe has developed throughout the years. (Q1) The first collage for women
opened in England/Britain. (Q2) In 1879, Physics was added as a major and students started
enrolling in it. (Q3) University of Hull is one of the universities in England which did many
researches.
،1879 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬/ ‫ اﻓﺘﺘﺎح أول ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا‬.‫ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ اﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻫﺎل ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ﻓﻲ إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫أﺿﻴﻔﺖ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﻛﺘﺨﺼﺺ وﺑﺪأ اﻟﻄﻼب ﻓﻲ اﻻﻟﺘﺤﺎق ﺑﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺑﺤﺎث‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Where was the first college opened for ‫ أﻳﻦ ﺗﻢ اﻓﺘﺘﺎح أول ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎت؟‬:1‫س‬
women?
C. England/Britain ‫ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬/ ‫ اﻧﻜﻠﺘﺮا‬.‫ج‬

Q2: In 1879, which major did the students ‫ م ﻓﻲ أي ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﺪأ اﻟﻄﻼب ﻓﻲ‬1879 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬:2‫س‬
started enrolling in? ‫اﻻﻟﺘﺤﺎق ﺑﻪ؟‬
B. physics ‫ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء‬.‫ب‬

Q3: Where is University of Hull located? ‫ أﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻫﺎل؟‬:3‫س‬

A. England ‫ اﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا‬.‫أ‬

336
 💡 ‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮة وﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
The theory of Darwin was wrong because he couldn’t express it with clear evidence.
.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻜﺮة داروﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ واﺿﺢ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the closest meaning to the word ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ"؟‬:1 ‫س‬
“theory”?
C. idea ‫ ﻓﻜﺮة‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What is the closest meaning to the word ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "َﻋﺒﺮ"؟‬:2 ‫س‬
“express”?
A. explain ‫ ﺷﺮح‬.‫أ‬

337
 🦑 ‫اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك واﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
There is an animal that with slight friction can cause amplification of its size.
.‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﻴﻮان ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻀﺨﻢ ﺣﺠﻤﻪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﺣﺘﻜﺎك )ﻧﻼﻣﺲ( ﻃﻔﻴﻒ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the closest meaning to the ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "اﺣﺘﻜﺎك"؟‬:1 ‫س‬
word “friction”?
D. contact ‫ ﺗﻼﻣﺲ‬.‫د‬

Q2: What is the closest meaning to the ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﻀﺨﻴﻢ؟‬:2 ‫س‬
word “amplification”?
B. expansion ‫ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ‬.‫ب‬

338
 🔫 ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Technology has become a potential threat for jobs to the scope that people became jobless.
But it is also one of many criteria for any job.
‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫ وﻟﻜﻨﻪ أﻳ‬.‫ﻼ ﻟﻠﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن اﻟﻨﺎس أﺻﺒﺤﻮا ﻋﺎﻃﻠﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
ً ‫ﺪا ﻣﺤﺘﻤ‬
ً ‫أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺗﻬﺪﻳ‬
.‫أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪة ﻷي وﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the closest meaning to the word ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ"؟‬:1‫س‬
“potential”?
A. possible ‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What is the closest meaning to the word ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻄﺎق"؟‬:2‫س‬
“scope”?
B. extent ‫ ﻣﺪى‬.‫ب‬

Q3: What is the closest meaning to the word ‫ ﻣﺎ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ"؟‬:3‫س‬
“criteria”?
D. standards ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬.‫د‬

339
 ‫ﺗﻘﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ 📚‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Education has progressed through out the years. (Q1) In 1879, France started giving training to‬‬
‫‪teachers in schools. (Q2) Mount Holyoke College was also one of the leading educational‬‬
‫‪institution in the US. What proved the growth of education is that, (Q3) by the late 1800s,‬‬
‫‪Chemistry was added as a university course.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ اﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،1879‬ﺑﺪأت ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪارس‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻀﺎ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺮاﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‪ .‬ﻣﺎ أﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﻤﻮ وﺗﻄﻮر‬
‫ﻣﺎوﻧﺖ ﻫﻮﻟﻴﻮك أﻳ ً‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻫﻮ أﻧﻪ ﺑﺤﻠﻮل أواﺧﺮ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬أﺿﻴﻔﺖ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء ﻛﺪورة ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: In 1879 where did schools start to train‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ 1879‬أﻳﻦ ﺑﺪأت اﻟﻤﺪارس ﺑﺘﺪرﻳﺐ‬
‫?‪teachers‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻦ؟‬
‫‪B. France‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬

‫?‪Q2: Where is Mount College located‬‬ ‫س ‪ :2‬أﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺎوﻧﺖ؟‬

‫‪C. US‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬

‫‪Q3: What university course was added by‬‬ ‫س ‪ :3‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺿﻴﻔﺖ ﻓﻲ أواﺧﺮ‬
‫?‪the late 1800’s‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ؟‬
‫‪A. Chemistry‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء‬

‫‪340‬‬
 ⚖️ ‫اﻷﺻﻮل اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Laws have been developed over the history. It started from just the rulers judging people,
then it was delegated to courts where you have judges. (Q1) Different courts of law play
different roles in setting and building civil and common law systems.
‫ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﻀﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ‬، ‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺪأ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺮد ﺣﻜﺎم ﻳﺤﻜﻤﻮن اﻟﻨﺎس‬.‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬
‫ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ أدواًرا ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ وﺑﻨﺎء أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻗﻀﺎة‬
.‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺎم‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the writer’s main purpose? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
B. to explain ‫ ﻟﻠﺸﺮح‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What is an important idea the writer ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬:2 ‫س‬
mentions?
B. Different courts play different roles in ‫ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ أدواًرا ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ب‬
civil and common law systems. .‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺎم‬

341
 ⚙ ‫ﺛﻮرة ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- In mid 1800s, a great industrial revolution started which affected many countries
especially Britain. (Q1) Britain’s Industrial Revolution brought a lot of wealth and power that
made it the world's superpower. (Q3) It especially made England the strongest country.
2- With this British revolution, (Q2) workers fought for improved working and living conditions.
3- As the revolution grew, (Q4) it increased business opportunities in Britain’s industry as they
had a lot of labor and new technology.

‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ اﻧﺪﻟﻌﺖ ﺛﻮرة ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة أﺛﺮت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪول وﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬-1
‫ ﺟﻠﺒﺖ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﺮوة واﻟﻘﻮة ﻣﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
.‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﻌﻞ إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص أﻗﻮى دوﻟﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
.‫ ﻗﺎوم اﻟﻌﻤﺎل واﻟﻤﻮﺿﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬-2
‫ زادت ﻓﺮص اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻟﺜﻮرة‬-3
.‫واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which sentence gives the main idea of ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬:1 ‫س‬
paragraph 1? ‫؟‬1 ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. Britain’s Industrial Revolution brought ‫ ﺟﻠﺒﺖ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه‬.‫أ‬
such wealth and power that Britain became ‫اﻟﺜﺮوة واﻟﻘﻮة إﻟﻰ درﺟﺔ أن ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
the world's superpower. .‫اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬

Q2: What does paragraph 2 say about ‫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺜﻮرة‬2 ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:2 ‫س‬
workers during the British industrial ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬
revolution?
D. They fought for improved working and ‫ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻮا ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬.‫د‬
living conditions. .‫واﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬

Q3: What does paragraph 1 say about the ‫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬1 ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:3 ‫س‬
British industrial revolution? ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬
A. It made England the strongest. .‫ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا اﻷﻗﻮى‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What does paragraph 3 say about the ‫ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮص اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ‬3 ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:4 ‫س‬
business opportunities in Britain’s Industry? ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬
D. It increased because of many people and .‫ زادت ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻛﺜﺮة اﻟﻨﺎس واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬.‫د‬
new technology.

Q5: What was the main idea? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ؟‬:5 ‫س‬

A. The industrial revolution changed the ‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻏﻴﺮت اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﺒﻼد‬.‫أ‬
country’s economy and global position. .‫وﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬

342
 ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ 🌡‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪1- Hot and Cold are 2 states of anything, liquids, solids, etc. One of the old theories regarding‬‬
‫‪this is (Q3) the caloric theory. It says that heat is ana invisible fluid that flows from hotter‬‬
‫‪bodies to colder bodies. When (Q4) hot things expand, this fluid is absorbed in the body, and‬‬
‫‪that’s how caloric theory works.‬‬
‫‪2- However, the new theory explains heat in form of kinetic energy; the (Q2) hotter the object‬‬
‫‪is the greater the kinetic energy.‬‬

‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺤﺎر واﻟﺒﺎرد ﻫﻤﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﺎن ﻷي ﺷﻲء ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮاﺋﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮاد ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬إﻟﺦ‪ .‬إﺣﺪى اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻫﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﺮات اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻮل أن اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻳﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ أﺟﺴﺎم أﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺨﻮﻧﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺟﺴﺎم أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮودة‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﺪد اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﺘﺺ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﺮات اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﺗﺸﺮح اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮرة ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ زادت ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺠﺴﻢ زادت اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What is the main topic‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ؟‬
‫‪D. two theories about hot and cold‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺘﺎن ﺣﻮل اﻟﺴﺨﻮﻧﺔ واﻟﺒﺎردة‬

‫‪Q2: What is the important idea related to‬‬ ‫س ‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫?‪the new theory in paragraph 2‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪2‬؟‬
‫‪A. Hot Things have greater kinetic energy.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻟﻸﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q3: What is the caloric theory in‬‬ ‫س ‪ :3‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﺮات اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪1‬؟‬
‫?‪paragraph 1‬‬
‫‪C. Invisible fluid caused by heat.‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺮارة‪.‬‬

‫”‪Q4: Why was “hot things expand‬‬ ‫س ‪ :4‬ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﻢ ﺷﺮح "اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ" ﺗﺘﻮﺳﻊ؟‬
‫?‪explained‬‬
‫‪D. to show the caloric theory‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻹﻇﻬﺎر ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﺮات اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬

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 ☭ ‫ﺗﻌﺼﺮ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺘﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Stalin was the reason for modernization in Soviet Union (USSR) as he developed its industrial
situation and economy. The (Q1) amazing fact is that he was the one who built Moscow
Underground Railway. One of the issues (Q2) he faced is Siberia being far away. So, he built
new industrial centers there and connected it to the Railway which solved.
‫ﻛﺎن ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺘﻲ )اﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺎت اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻛﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺎﺗﻴﺔ( ﺣﻴﺚ ﻃﻮر‬
‫ إﺣﺪى‬.‫ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ أﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﻰ ﻗﻄﺎر اﻷﻧﻔﺎق ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ‬.‫وﺿﻌﻪ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ واﻗﺘﺼﺎده‬
‫ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻫﻨﺎك ورﺑﻄﻬﺎ‬، ‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ واﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ أن ﺳﻴﺒﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺣﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How does the writer feel about the ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺗﺠﺎه ﻗﻄﺎر ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
Moscow Underground Railway?
D. amazing ‫ ﻣﺪﻫﺶ‬.‫د‬

Q2: How did Stalin solve the issue of Siberia ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﻞ ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ُﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻴﺒﻴﺮﻳﺎ؟‬:2 ‫س‬
being far away?
B. He built new industrial centers in it. .‫ ﺑﻨﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬.‫ب‬

Q3: What word can replace "so"? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ "ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬:3‫س‬
‫ﻟﺬاﻟﻚ"؟‬
B. therefore ‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: What does the passage say about Stalin? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ﻋﻦ ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ؟‬:4 ‫س‬
D. modernized the Soviet Economy. .‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬.‫د‬

344
 ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ 🧪‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪1- Chemical reactions can’t be performed in theory as theories only express a part of the‬‬
‫‪process.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ أن اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What does the word “theory” in‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪1‬؟‬
‫?‪paragraph 1 mean‬‬
‫‪A. idea‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﺮة‬

‫?‪Q2: What does the word “express”mean‬‬ ‫س ‪ :2‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ " ﻳﺸﺮح "؟‬
‫‪D. explains‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻳﺸﺮح‬

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 🌱 ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Photosynthesis is a process which plants produce food. Huber was one of the scientists who
researched it and (Q4) he failed in many experiments as he didn’t realize all what was needed.
Today’s (Q1) main theory is different from Huber’s theory as it says that energy is produced
due to water, minerals, CO2, sunlight. So, we can say that the (Q2) fuel of plants is (Q3) due to
three sources which are water, minerals, and CO2.
‫ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻮﺑﺮ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﺟﺮوا ﺑﺤًﺜﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ وﻓﺸﻞ‬.‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﻐﺬاء‬
‫ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻫﻮﺑﺮ‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺪرك ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب‬
‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬.‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﻮل إن اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن وﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن وأﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬
.‫اﻟﻘﻮل أن وﻗﻮد اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺼﺎدر وﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن وﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How is the main theory different from ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬:1 ‫س‬
Huber’s theory? ‫ﻫﻮﺑﺮ؟‬
C. It says energy is produced due to water, ‫ ﻳﻘﻮل إن اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن وﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬.‫ج‬
minerals, CO2, sunlight. ‫أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن وأﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬

Q2: What word other than “food” is used? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ "اﻟﻐﺬاء" اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ؟‬:2 ‫س‬
C. fuel ‫ وﻗﻮد‬.‫ج‬

Q3: What are the sources of food for plants? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻏﺬاء اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت؟‬:3 ‫س‬
A. three different sources ‫ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Why was did Huber failed in his ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻓﺸﻞ ﻫﻮﺑﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺘﻪ؟‬:4 ‫س‬
experiment?
A. He didn’t realize all what was needed. .‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺪرك ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب‬.‫أ‬

346
 🚞 ‫اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
(Q4) Friction
is the force resisting the motion when 2 objects are rubbed together. It increases
with roughness of the surface. So, when you push a stationary object on the ground it
produces friction but (Q3) when add extra force it results in motion.
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ ﻳﺰداد ﻣﻊ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬.‫ﻌﺎ‬
ً ‫اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺎوم اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺮك ﺟﺴﻤﻴﻦ ﻣ‬
.‫ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬، ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﻮة إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬، ‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ اﺣﺘﻜﺎك‬، ‫ﻤﺎ ﺛﺎﺑًﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض‬
ً ‫ﺟﺴ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which word is most similar in meaning ‫ﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬
ً ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺸﺎﺑ‬:1 ‫س‬
to “produce”? ‫"إﻧﺘﺎج"؟‬
C. make ‫ ﺟﻌﻞ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Which word is most similar in meaning ‫ﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬

ً ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺸﺎﺑ‬:2 ‫س‬
to “increase”? ‫"اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة"؟‬
A. grow ‫ ﺗﻨﻤﻮ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What is the result of extra force on a ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ؟‬:3 ‫س‬
stationary object?
A. motion ‫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What happens when 2 surfaces are ‫ﻌﺎ؟‬

ً ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﻚ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﻦ ﻣ‬:4 ‫س‬
rubbed together?
B. friction ‫ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك‬.‫ب‬

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 ✈ ‫أﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
A survey was conducted for why people travels and their purposes. Here is the result of the
survey. Look at the graph and answer the questions.
‫ اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ وأﺟﺐ‬.‫ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬.‫ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاء ﻣﺴﺢ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺳﻔﺮ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص وأﻏﺮاﺿﻬﻢ‬
.‫ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How many people travelled for leisure? ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻓﺮوا ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
A. 30% ٪30 .‫أ‬

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 💧 ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Simple Distillation is a process where materials based on their boiling point. It is conducted in
labs where scientists isolate the mixture in a container.
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاؤه ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮم‬.‫اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻏﻠﻴﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﻌﺰل اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻂ ﻓﻲ وﻋﺎء‬
‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does the word “isolate” mean? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻋﺰل"؟‬:1 ‫س‬
B. separate (‫ ﻓﺼﻞ )ﻋﺰل‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What does the word “conducted” ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﺟﺮى"؟‬:2 ‫س‬
mean?
B. performed (‫ أدى )أﺟﺮى‬.‫ب‬

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 🍊 ‫اﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﺎت و اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The two substances every human body needs to function properly are vitamins and
minerals. Using them properly, our bodies would be maintained strong and healthy. All
vitamins and minerals have specific functions and can be found in a wide variety of food
products such as vegetables, fruits, meats, fish, and more. (Q1) Vitamin K, for example, is a
group of vitamins that the body needs for blood clotting, helping wounds to heal.
2- One should be careful, though, not to take too much of a vitamin or a mineral. (Q2) Using
too much sodium may lead to high blood pressure.
3- So, it is extremely important to take the quantities of vitamins and minerals that are
sufficient to our needs and exceed the limit as it might have negative and sometimes, serious
consequences on our bodies.
.‫ اﻟﻤﺎدﺗﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻬﻤﺎ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻟﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﺎت واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن‬-١
‫ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﺎت واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن ﻟﻬﺎ‬.‫ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﺴﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ وﺻﺤﻴﺔ‬، ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻣﺤﺪدة وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺨﻀﺮوات واﻟﻔﻮاﻛﻪ‬
‫ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬،‫ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ك‬.‫واﻟﻠﺤﻮم واﻷﺳﻤﺎك وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺌﺎم اﻟﺠﺮوح‬،‫ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻟﺘﺨﺜﺮ اﻟﺪم‬
‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي‬.‫ﺼﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ أو ﻣﻌﺪن‬
ً ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮء أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﺮﻳ‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬-٢
.‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮدﻳﻮم إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺪم‬
‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﺎول ﻛﻤﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﺎت واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻔﻲ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺗﻨﺎ وﺗﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﺤﺪ‬-٣
.‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ وأﺣﻴﺎﻧﴼ ﺧﻄﻴﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﺴﺎﻣﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How is vitamin K vital to our bodies? ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ك ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺎ ﻷﺟﺴﺎﻣﻨﺎ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
B. to help cuts stop bleeding ‫ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ وﻗﻒ اﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: What negative effect would consuming ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻴﻪ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك‬:2 ‫س‬
too much sodium lead to? ‫اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮدﻳﻮم؟‬
A. High blood pressure ‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺪم‬.‫أ‬

Q3: Which word is closest in meaning to ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬:٣‫س‬

the word, maintain, in paragraph 1? ‫؟‬1 ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬،‫ ﻳﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
C. keep ‫ ﻳﺤﻔﻆ‬.‫ج‬

Q4: Which word is closest in meaning to ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬:٤‫س‬

the word, sufficient, in paragraph 3? ‫؟‬3 ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬،‫ واف‬،‫ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
C. enough ‫ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬.‫ج‬

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 🏛 ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Laws begin as ideas. (Q1) First, any representative of the Congress can introduce a bill. The bill
is then assigned to a committee for study. If released by the committee, the bill is put on a
calendar to be voted on, debated or amended. If the bill passes by simple majority (218 of
435), the bill moves to the Senate. In the Senate, the bill is assigned to another committee
and, if released, debated and voted on. Again, a simple majority (51 of 100) passes the bill.
(Q2) A bill may therefore be sent back and forth between the two chambers several times until
both chambers approve it.
After being approved by both chambers, the bill moves on to the President. (Q3) The President
then has ten days to either sign the bill into law or veto the bill. The President can also
choose to neither sign the bill nor veto it. In that case the bill will still become law even
without the president’s signature after the 10 days. If the President chooses to veto the bill it
will be sent back to Congress. In Congress, the processing of the bill will then start over.
‫ ﺛﻢ ُﻳﺤﺎل ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷي ﻣﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﺮس ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬،‫ أوًﻻ‬.‫ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻛﺄﻓﻜﺎر‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ إﺻﺪاره ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ‬.‫إﻟﻰ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﺸﺮوع‬،(435 ‫ ﻣﻦ‬218) ‫ إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﺎﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬.‫أو ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ أو ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻪ‬
‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬،‫ ُﻳﺴﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن إﻟﻰ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ أﺧﺮى‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺸﻴﻮخ‬.‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺸﻴﻮخ‬
‫ ﻳﺠﻮز‬.‫( ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬100 ‫ ﻣﻦ‬51) ‫ ﺗﻤﺮر أﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‬.‫ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ واﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫إﺻﺪاره‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ إرﺳﺎل ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ذﻫﺎًﺑﺎ وإﻳﺎًﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺴﻴﻦ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻮاﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺴﻴﻦ‬
‫ أﻣﺎم اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﻋﺸﺮة أﻳﺎم إﻣﺎ‬.‫ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬،‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻀﺎ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺮﺋﻴﺲ أﻳ‬.‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺎﻧﻮًﻧﺎ أو اﻻﻋﺘﺮاض ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻈﻞ ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻗﺎﻧﻮًﻧﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن أو اﻻﻋﺘﺮاض ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ ﻓﺴﻴﺘﻢ إﻋﺎدﺗﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﺮس‬،‫ إذا اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﻖ اﻟﻨﻘﺾ ﺿﺪ ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬.‫ أﻳﺎم‬10 ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
.‫ ﺳﺘﺒﺪأ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬،‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺠﺮس‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who has the power to introduce a bill? ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ؟‬:1 ‫س‬
C. Any member of Congress ‫ أي ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺠﺮس‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Who must approve a bill before being ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻮاﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬:2 ‫س‬
sent to the president for approval? ‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ؟‬
D. Both houses ‫ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺴﻴﻦ‬.‫د‬

Q3: Who has the right to veto a bill? ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ اﻟﺤﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻋﺘﺮاض ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬:٣‫س‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ؟‬
B. The president ‫ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬.‫ب‬

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 💻 ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Data mining is a process used by companies to turn raw data into useful information. By
using software to look for patterns in large batches of data, businesses can learn more about
their customers to develop more effective marketing strategies, increase sales and decrease
costs. Data mining depends on effective data collection, warehousing, and computer
processing. (Q2) Data mining involves exploring and analyzing large blocks of information to
glean meaningful patterns and trends. The problem with data mining is that it does not
respect our privacy. We feel exposed to all these companies due to the internet and digital
technologies.
2- Research suggests that CRISP-DM (The CRoss Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) is
the most commonly used approach for data science projects. (Q3) Since its introduction, data
mining has become more effective and productive.
3- People use their credit cards when they buy things all over the world. (Q4) This allows data
mining to get all the important information about who is buying what, when they are buying
it, and at what price. After analyzing the data, stores, for example, can use this data to offer
customers coupons targeted to their buying habits and decide when to put items on sale or
when to sell them at full price.
.‫ اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺎم إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻔﻴﺪة‬-١
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ أﻧﻤﺎط ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ‬.‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻼﺋﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻖ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ وزﻳﺎدة اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت وﺧﻔﺾ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬
.‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف وﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻻﺳﺘﺨﻼص أﻧﻤﺎط واﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت ذات ﻣﻐﺰى‬
‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت( ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺞ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬CRISP-DM) ‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻷﺑﺤﺎث إﻟﻰ أن‬- ٢
.‫ أﺻﺒﺢ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ وإﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻪ‬.‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاًﻣﺎ ﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎن اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺷﺮاء أﺷﻴﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬-٣
،‫ وﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺸﺘﺮوﻧﻪ‬،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻘﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻳﺸﺘﺮي ﻣﺎذا‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﺘﺰوﻳﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬،‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺎﺟﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬.‫وﺑﺄي ﺳﻌﺮ‬
.‫ﺑﻘﺴﺎﺋﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺪف ﻋﺎداﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﺸﺮاﺋﻴﺔ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ وﻗﺖ ﻃﺮح اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻊ أو وﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬

352
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة؟‬:1 ‫س‬
A. The development and uses of data ‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ و اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ‬.‫أ‬
mining

Q2: What does the writer try to tell us ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺤﺎول اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أن ﻳﺨﺒﺮﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ‬:2 ‫س‬
about data mining in paragraph 1? ‫؟‬1 ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
D. Data mining helps companies serve ‫ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬.‫د‬
customers, but goes into their privacy. .‫ﻋﻤﻼﺋﻬﻢ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺨﺘﺮق ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺘﻬﻢ‬

Q3: What important idea about data ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ‬:٣‫س‬
mining the writer mentions in paragraph 2? ‫؟‬2 ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
C. Data mining became more effective after ‫ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل‬.‫ج‬
introducing CRISP-DM. CRISP-DM

Q4: The writer gives the example of buying ‫ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻣﺜﺎل اﻟﺸﺮاء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬:٤‫س‬
using a credit card to support an idea. ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ؟‬.‫اﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎن ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻣﺎ‬
What is it?
B. The creation of data ‫ اﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬.‫ب‬

353
 ✈ ‫اﻟﻬﺠﺮة‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Migration is a way to move from one place to another in order to live and work.
Movement of people from their home to another city, state or country for a job, shelter or
some other reasons is called migration.
2- Migration can have positive as well as negative effects on the life of the migrants. Some of
the positive effects are the reduction of unemployment. (Q1) People get better job
opportunities with higher salaries. Therefore, Migration helps in improving the quality of life
of people.
3- On the other hand, there are many disadvantages of migration. (Q2) When one migrates to
a country with large population, this puts too much pressure on natural resources, amenities
and services and people would even suffer from shortage of housing. This also stops the
government from providing assistance for these new migrants because of the huge number
of migrants along with the population itself.
4- Nowadays, many people decide to migrate to have a better life. Employment opportunities
are the most common reason due to which people migrate. Other reasons include lack of
opportunities, better education, & natural disaster.
‫ ُﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬.‫ اﻟﻬﺠﺮة ﻫﻲ وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎن إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﻴﺶ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬-١
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎزﻟﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ أو وﻻﻳﺔ أو دوﻟﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ أو ﻣﺄوى أو ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻷﺧﺮى اﺳﻢ‬
.‫اﻟﻬﺠﺮة‬
‫ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺤﺪ‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺮة آﺛﺎر إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‬-٢
‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻬﺠﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ ﻳﺤﺼﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮص ﻋﻤﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﺮواﺗﺐ أﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬
.‫ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫ ﻓﺈن‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻬﺎﺟﺮ اﻟﻤﺮء إﻟﻰ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪد ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬.‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﻴﻮب ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺮة‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‬-٣
.‫ ﺑﻞ ﺳﻴﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﺴﻜﻦ‬،‫ﻄﺎ ﻛﺒﻴًﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬ ً ‫ﻫﺬا ﻳﻀﻊ ﺿﻐ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻟﻬﺆﻻء اﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺠﺪد ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ً ‫وﻫﺬا ﻳﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ أﻳ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن أﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‬
‫ ﻓﺮص اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬.‫ ﻳﻘﺮر اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﻬﺠﺮة ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎة أﻓﻀﻞ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬-٤
‫ واﻟﻜﻮارث‬،‫ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬،‫ وﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻷﺧﺮى ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮص‬.‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮًﻋﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺠﺮة اﻟﻨﺎس‬
.‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬

354
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How can migration positively affect ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆﺛﺮ اﻟﻬﺠﺮة إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬:1 ‫س‬
migrants? ‫اﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ؟‬
D. higher salaries ‫ رواﺗﺐ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q2: What negative effect does migration ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻷﺛﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺮة؟‬:2 ‫س‬
have?
D. Housing shortages ‫ ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﺴﻜﻦ‬.‫د‬

Q3: In paragraph 3, The word assistance is ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة" أﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬،3 ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٣‫س‬
closest in meaning to _____ _____ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
B. Support ‫ دﻋﻢ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: The word in paragraph 4 that is closest ‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻮاردة اﻷﻗﺮب إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻓﻲ‬:٤‫س‬
to meaning to employment is ______ _____ ‫ ﻫﻲ‬4 ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
B. Work ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ‬.‫ب‬

355
 ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﺟﻬﺰة 🖥‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Look at the graph below and answer the questions based on what you see.‬‬
‫اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮاه‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: The device that everyone has used at‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺬي اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫_____ ‪least once is‬‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻞ ﻫﻮ _____‬
‫‪B. Desktop computer‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﺣﺎﺳﻮب ﻣﻜﺘﺒﻲ‬

‫‪Q2: The percentage of people who used‬‬ ‫س ‪ :2‬اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮا‬
‫_____ ‪their smart watch in the last day is‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻬﻢ اﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻫﻲ _____‬
‫‪D. 58%‬‬ ‫د‪%58 .‬‬

‫‪356‬‬
 🏳 ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- (Q1) The Democratic Republic of the Congo or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially
Zaire, is a country in Central Africa. With a population of around 108 million, the Democratic
Republic of the Congo is the most populous officially Francophone country in the world.
2- DRC was first inhabited by Central African foragers around 90,000 years ago. (Q2) There
were many important states throughout its history, the most important of which are the
kingdoms of Congo, Azande, Luba and Lunda ruling from the 15th to the 17th centuries.
3- In the 1870s, The Republic of Congo was considered the private property of King Leopold II
of Belgium, naming it the Congo Free State. His period was a period of torture and
exploitation. When he wanted to punish a man for not working well, he would cut the limbs
of his children. (Q3) After Britain heard of the news, it carried out an investigation and it was
proved that Leopold II did many crimes such as burning villages and cutting the limbs of
children.
4- Congo achieved independence from Belgium on 30 June 1960 under the name Republic of
the Congo.
.‫ ﻫﻲ دوﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬،‫ وزاﺋﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺑًﻘﺎ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ اﻟﺪﻳﻤﻮﻗﺮاﻃﻴﺔ أو اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ‬-١
‫ وﻫﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ دوﻟﺔ ﻓﺮﻧﻜﻮﻓﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‬108 ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ اﻟﺪﻳﻤﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬
.‫رﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬

‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ اﻟﺪﻳﻤﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ ﻣﺄﻫﻮﻟﺔ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻓﻲ أﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬-٢
‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻬﺎ وأﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ وأزاﻧﺪي‬.‫ أﻟﻒ ﻋﺎم‬90 ‫ﻣﻨﺬ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬
.‫وﻟﻮﺑﺎ وﻟﻮﻧﺪا اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‬

‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺑﻠﺠﻴﻜﺎ ﻟﻴﻮﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‬-٣
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أراد ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺘﺮﺗﻪ ﻓﺘﺮة ﺗﻌﺬﻳﺐ واﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬.‫ وأﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ دوﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ اﻟﺤﺮة‬،‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ أﺟﺮت ﺗﺤﻘﻴًﻘﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺒﺮ‬.‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻘﻄﻊ أﻃﺮاف أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻪ‬،‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻌﺪم ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.‫وﺛﺒﺖ أن ﻟﻴﻮﺑﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ارﺗﻜﺐ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺮق اﻟﻘﺮى وﻗﻄﻊ أﻃﺮاف اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬

.‫ ﺗﺤﺖ اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ‬١٩٦٠ ‫ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬٣٠ ‫ ﻧﺎﻟﺖ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ اﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻠﺠﻴﻜﺎ ﻓﻲ‬-٤

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which two names did Democratic ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻻﺳﻤﺎن اﻟﻠﺬان اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ‬:1 ‫س‬
Republic of Congo use after independence ‫؟‬1960 ‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ اﻟﺪﻳﻤﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﻋﺎم‬
in 1960?
B. Zaire and the Republic of Congo ‫ زاﺋﻴﺮ وﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Which important state systems existed ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ‬:2 ‫س‬
from the 15th to the 17th centuries? ‫اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ؟‬
B. Congo and Luba Lunda ‫ ﻛﻮﻧﻐﻮ و ﻟﻮﺑﺎ ﻟﻮﻧﺪا‬.‫ب‬

Q3: What crimes did King Leopold commit ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ارﺗﻜﺒﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻟﻴﻮﺑﻮﻟﺪ؟‬:٣‫س‬
against Congo?
C. They burned villages and cut off ‫ ﻗﺎﻣﻮا ﺑﺎﺷﻌﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮى وﻗﻄﻊ اﻳﺪي‬.‫ج‬
children's hands. ‫اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬

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 🔋 ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Unlike conventional
fossil fuels, nuclear power does not produce greenhouse gas emissions like methane and
CO2. It produces roughly the same or less emissions as renewable sources so it could be
considered a great alternative for the fossil fuel.
2- On the other hand, nuclear power can have significant negative effects. Despite all the
safety measures, different factors caused nuclear plants to go into meltdown, which was
devastating for the environment and for local inhabitants who had to flee the affected areas.
Another side effect of nuclear power is the amount of nuclear waste it introduces. It has
been estimated that the world produces some 34,000m3 of nuclear waste each year, waste
that takes years to degrade.
‫ ﻻ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي‬.‫ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬-١
‫ إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ‬.‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت ﻏﺎزات اﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎس اﻟﺤﺮاري ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎن وﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬
.‫ﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري‬ً ‫ﻼ راﺋ‬
ً ‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت أو أﻗﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻳ‬
،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ آﺛﺎر ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‬-٢
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ واﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬،‫ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻧﺪﻻع اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ‬.‫اﺿﻄﺮوا إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺮار ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرة‬
،‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم‬34000 ‫ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮات إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬
.‫وﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﺎﻳﺎت ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﺳﻨﻮات ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﺤﻠﻞ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The word closest in meaning to ،"‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ "اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬:1 ‫س‬
"Conventional", paragraph 1, is _____ ______ ‫ ﻫﻲ‬،1 ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. Traditional ‫ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪي‬.‫أ‬

Q2: The word that is closest in meaning to ‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ "اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻞ" ﻓﻲ‬:2 ‫س‬
"Alternatives", paragraph 1, is ______ ______ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻲ ﻫﻲ‬
C. Options ‫ ﺧﻴﺎرات‬.‫ج‬

Q3: The word "Introduces," paragraph 2, ‫ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬،2 ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬،"‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﻘﺪم‬:٣‫س‬
has nearly the same meaning as _____ ______ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ ﻛـ‬
C. Creates ‫ ﻳﻨﺸﻰء‬.‫ج‬

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 🦠 ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to
other parts of the body. It can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of
trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and multiply to form new cells as the body needs
them.
2- When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place.
Sometimes this orderly process breaks down, and abnormal or damaged cells grow and
multiply when they shouldn’t. Therefore, these cells may form tumors, which are lumps of
tissue. Tumors can be cancerous or not cancerous.
‫ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن ﻣﺮض ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎرج ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة وﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ إﻟﻰ أﺟﺰاء أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ‬-١
،‫ ﻋﺎدة‬.‫ واﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻴﻮﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ‬،‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬.‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬
.‫ﺗﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ وﺗﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن‬.‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﻮت وﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻘﺪم اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ أو ﺗﺘﻀﺮر‬-٢
.‫ وﺗﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﺔ وﺗﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ذﻟﻚ‬،‫ﺗﺘﻌﻄﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷورام ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ أو‬.‫ وﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻛﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬،‫ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ أوراًﻣﺎ‬،‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
.‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The word therefore in paragraph 2 is ‫ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬2 ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:1 ‫س‬
closest to meaning to _____ _____ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
B. as a result ‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ب‬

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 ⚙ ‫اﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎر اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The city of Rome is known for many things such as its military conquests, its history, its
civic architecture, temples, museums, roads, and emperors. Water is the element that made
this all possible. Throughout the history of man, water is life, and without distributing it
effectively, there would have been no great Roman civilization. Even until relatively modern
times, Roman techniques to collect, store, and channel water over huge distances remained
the best, i.e, unsurpassed.
2- This technology was not, certainly, invented from the scratch by the Romans, and many
earlier Mediterranean peoples had poured their resources and expertise into water
management. (Q1) On the island of Crete, the Minoans developed very sophisticated rain-
harvesting and filtering systems as early as the middle of the third millennium B.C. Cretan
water management techniques were adopted all over the Greek-speaking world, and
examples abound of tunnels, drainage systems, and cisterns of considerable size.
3- Although the tradition of water management that Rome inherited was rich and extensive,
no previous system came close to the sophistication, efficiency and reach of the Roman
aqueduct which strode and covered landscapes from Spain to Syria. These creative, awe-
inspiring structures not only carried life and livelihood but also proclaimed and clearly
announced the greatness of Rome throughout centuries.
4- Aqueducts were costly, and not all the Roman cities necessarily required them. Some cities
had their needs of water met by wells or cisterns both public and private that were dug
beneath houses. Some cisterns could reach a colossal size, such as the Marcus Cistern in Italy
and the Lucia in Napoli which was built to provide drinking water to the population such as
Rome’s, which was thought to have reached a million people in the first century A.D. the
population needed an entire system of aqueducts not only for drinking water but also for
supplying ornamental public fountains, baths and homes.
5- (Q2) Rome was supplied by aqueducts which were 315 miles long in total, 269 miles of
which ran underground and 46 total miles above ground. However, only about 36 miles
consisted of arched structures, just under 12 percent in all. -brought life to the areas, and
made Rome a great empire. Aqueducts were used for drinking, baths and public fountains.
6 -Rome had as many as 11 aqueduct systems, the most ancient of which was the mile-long
Aqua Julian, first operational and working in about 310 B.C. It was named for its sponsor
Julius Augustus, who was better known for another great pioneering structure of ancient
Rome: The Julian Way, which is one of the first major Roman roads.

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‫‪7 -There were three more aqueducts that were built in the third and second centuries B.C.:‬‬
‫‪Aqua Claudian, Aqua Marian, and Aqua Antonian. Helped and aided by his son-in-law Mark‬‬
‫‪Vista, Emperor Augustus was particularly active in improving the capital’s water supply,‬‬
‫‪repairing and fixing old systems and building new ones. The Augustan-era Aqua Virgo, which‬‬
‫‪was named, according to legend, for the young girl who directed thirsty soldiers to the‬‬
‫‪springs that fed it, has been used uninterrupted ever since its construction. During his reign,‬‬
‫‪Caligula began building two aqueducts that were finished by Emperor Claudius: the Aqua‬‬
‫‪Claudia and Aqua Anio Novus. (Q3) Trajan built the Aqua Traiana, which is 37 miles long, in A.D‬‬
‫‪109.‬‬
‫‪8 -Rome’s last aqueducts was the 14-mile long Aqua Alexa, which was built by Alex Claudius‬‬
‫‪in A.D. 226. Some have calculated that, when completed, Rome’s aqueducts delivered about‬‬
‫‪1.5 million cubic yards of water per day - about 200 gallons per person. Its water network‬‬
‫‪supplied the 900 or so public baths, 11 grand-scale baths, as well, and almost 1,400‬‬
‫‪monumental fountains and private swimming pools. A crucial later stage in the conveying and‬‬
‫‪delivery of water was, of course, its disposal. Rome’s Cloca Maxima sewer, which flowed into‬‬
‫‪the Tiber River became the model for urban sanitation.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺸﺘﻬﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ روﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ وﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻬﺎ واﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﺑﺪ واﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﻒ واﻟﻄﺮق واﻷﺑﺎﻃﺮة‪ .‬اﻟﻤﺎء ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺟﻌﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻤﻜًﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻃﻮال ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺎء ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‪ ،‬وﺑﺪون ﺗﻮزﻳﻌﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﻀﺎرة روﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻧﺴﺒًﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﺖ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه وﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ وﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺷﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻫﻲ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬أي ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺨﺘﺮﻋﻬﺎ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺳﻜﺐ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﻮب اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻮاردﻫﻢ وﺧﺒﺮاﺗﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ إدارة اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة ﻛﺮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮر اﻟﻤﻴﻨﻮﻳﻮن أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻮرة‬
‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﺤﺼﺎد اﻟﻤﻄﺮ واﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت‬
‫إدارة اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة ﻛﺮﻳﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﺜﺮ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻧﻔﺎق وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف واﻟﺼﻬﺎرﻳﺞ ذات اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ إدارة اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺬي ورﺛﺘﻪ روﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﺛﺮًﻳﺎ وواﺳﻊ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﻘﺘﺮب أي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر واﻟﻜﻔﺎءة واﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻟﻠﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻣﺘﺪت وﻏﻄﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ إﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻀﺎ وأﻋﻠﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻹﺑﺪاﻋﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺬﻫﻠﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة واﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ أﻋﻠﻨﺖ أﻳ ً‬
‫ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﻋﻈﻤﺔ روﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ اﻟﻘﺮون‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺪن ﺗﻠﺒﻲ‬
‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻵﺑﺎر أو اﻟﺼﻬﺎرﻳﺞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺣﻔﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬
‫ﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﻬﺎرﻳﺞ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺧﺰان ﻣﺎرﻛﻮس ﻓﻲ إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ وﺻﻬﺮﻳﺞ ﻟﻮﺳﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﻟﻲ اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎؤه ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺸﺮب ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺎن ﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﻬﺎرﻳﺞ روﻣﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻬﺎ وﺻﻠﺖ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن‬
‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻷول ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد‪ .‬ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺸﺮب وﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻟﺘﺰوﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﻮاﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻣﺎت واﻟﻤﻨﺎزل ﻟﻠﺰﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض و‪46‬‬ ‫ﻼ إﺟﻤﺎﻻ‪ 269 ،‬ﻣﻴ ً‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ روﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ ‪ 315‬ﻣﻴ ً‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﻮﺳﺔ‪ ،‬أﻗﻞ ﺑﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪12‬‬ ‫ﻼ إﺟﻤﺎًﻻ ﻓﻮق اﻷرض‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 36‬ﻣﻴ ً‬
‫ﻣﻴ ً‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‪ - .‬ﺟﻠﺐ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪ ،‬وﺟﻌﻠﺖ روﻣﺎ إﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻨﻮات‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻟﻠﺸﺮب واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻣﺎت واﻟﻨﻮاﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ إﻣﺪاد روﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻨﻮات ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ ‪ 315‬ﻣﻴ ً‬

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 ‫ﻼ‪ ،‬وﺗﻢ‬
‫‪ -٦‬روﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ‪ 11‬ﻗﻨﺎة ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬أﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﺎن أﻛﻮا ﺟﻮﻟﻴﺎن اﻟﺬي ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻴ ً‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 310‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد‪ .‬ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ راﻋﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮس أوﻏﺴﻄﺲ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي اﺷﺘﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻬﻴﻜﻞ راﺋﺪ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ آﺧﺮ ﻟﺮوﻣﺎ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺟﻮﻟﻴﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺛﻼث ﻗﻨﻮات أﺧﺮى ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎؤﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد‪ :‬أﻛﻮا ﻛﻠﻮدﻳﺎن وأﻛﻮا‬
‫ﻄﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎرﻳﺎن وأﻛﻮا أﻧﻄﻮﻧﻴﺎن‪ .‬ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة وﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﺻﻬﺮه ﻣﺎرك ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن اﻹﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮر أوﻏﺴﻄﺲ ﻧﺸ ً‬
‫ﺧﺎص ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ إﻣﺪادات اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ وإﺻﻼح اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ وﺑﻨﺎء أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﻨﺎة‬
‫ﻓﻴﺮﻏﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺮ أوﻏﺴﻄﺲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﻮرة‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻔﺘﺎة اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ وﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻨﻮد اﻟﻌﻄﺸﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬دون اﻧﻘﻄﺎع ﻣﻨﺬ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺧﻼل ﻓﺘﺮة ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪأ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺠﻮﻻ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎء ﻗﻨﺎﺗﻴﻦ ﺗﻢ اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ِﻗﺒﻞ اﻹﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻮدﻳﻮس‪ :‬أﻛﻮا ﻛﻠﻮدﻳﺎ وأﻛﻮا أﻧﻴﻮ ﻧﻮﻓﻮس‪ .‬ﺑﻨﻰ ﺗﺮاﺟﺎن‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ 109‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد‪.‬‬
‫أﻛﻮا ﺗﺮاﻳﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ ‪ 37‬ﻣﻴ ً‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ أﻟﻴﻜﺲ ﻛﻠﻮدﻳﻮس ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ آﺧﺮ ﻗﻨﻮات اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻓﻲ روﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻛﻮا أﻟﻴﻜﺴﺎ ذات اﻟـ‪ 14‬ﻣﻴ ً‬
‫ﻋﺎم ‪ .226‬وﻗﺪ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ أﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻛﺘﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻨﻮات روﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 1.5‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻳﺎردة ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻳﻮﻣًﻴﺎ ‪ -‬ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 200‬ﺟﺎﻟﻮن ﻟﻠﻔﺮد‪ .‬زودت ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ‪ 900‬ﺣﻤﺎم ﻋﺎم أو ﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬و‪ 11‬ﺣﻤﺎﻣًﺎ‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ‪ 1400‬ﻧﺎﻓﻮرة ﺿﺨﻤﺔ وﺣﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﺳﺒﺎﺣﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺜﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻤﺜﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴًﺮا أﻳ ً‬
‫اﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه وإﻳﺼﺎﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻛﻠﻮﻛﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ روﻣﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻓﻘﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺮ اﻟﺘﻴﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮذ ً‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: Which nations developed rain‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻣﻢ واﻟﺪول اﻟﺘﻲ ﻃﻮرت ﺣﺼﺎد اﻷﻣﻄﺎر‬
‫?‪harvesting in the third Millennium B.C.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد؟‬
‫‪A. Minoans‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﻴﻨﻮﻳﻮن‬

‫‪Q2: What distance did Rome's aqueducts‬‬ ‫س ‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﻨﻮات اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻓﻲ‬
‫?‪cover in total‬‬ ‫روﻣﺎ إﺟﻤﺎًﻻ؟‬
‫‪C. 315 miles‬‬ ‫ج‪ 315 .‬ﻣﻴﻼ‬

‫?‪Q3: When was the Aqua Tariana built‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻣﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء أﻛﻮا ﺗﺎرﻳﺎﻧﺎ؟‬
‫‪A. 109 A.D‬‬ ‫أ‪ 109 .‬م‪.‬‬

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 🍕 ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاء‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Nutritionists and dieticians often suggest keeping a food diary to track your meals, avoid
mindless overeating and keep tabs on nutrients like salt, fat and vitamins. However, it is very
annoying to write down everything you eat, consequently, many people abandon their
efforts of tracking their meals just after a few days or weeks.
2- In the future, it may be possible for you to track your food intake with a sticker-placed on
your tooth. Researchers at Tufts University have developed a tooth sensor that can track and
measure glucose and salt and wirelessly send the information to a device.
3- Scientists have already developed wearables for monitoring food intake. Most of these
have been in the form of mouth guards. To check glucose, American and Brazilian scientists
created a wearable which contained biosensors and wireless communication modules. (Q1)
But the problem is that it requires wearing a mouth guard, which can be uncomfortable.
4- Diabetics could theoretically use the newly-developed tooth-mounted sensor in order to
monitor their sugar intake and then broadcast the information to their doctors. It could help
the people with other medical conditions whose food-intake needs to be monitored, for
example, high-blood patients who need to limit their salt intake.
5- (Q2,3) However, Dr. Ben, a professor of bioengineering at Imperial College London, says,
there will be “significant hurdles” and obstacles before the technology is ready for day-to-day
use as a food diary substitute. “For instance, to be able to continuously monitor food intake,
the sensors will need to be robust enough to withstand abrasion while chewing. In addition,
foods are complex mixtures of compounds including salts, sugars and proteins, and the
relative amounts of each that enter into saliva will depend on factors such as the nature of
the food.
‫ وﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﻹﻓﺮاط ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﺎول‬،‫ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﺮح أﺧﺼﺎﺋﻴﻮ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﻤﺬﻛﺮات ﻃﻌﺎم ﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ وﺟﺒﺎﺗﻚ‬-١
‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺰﻋﺞ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ وﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﺢ واﻟﺪﻫﻮن واﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﺎت‬،‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻦ ﺟﻬﻮدﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ وﺟﺒﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ أﻳﺎم أو أﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ‬،‫ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻪ‬
.‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻚ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻨﺎوﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل وﺿﻊ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬-٢
‫ ﻃﻮر ﺑﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﺎﻓﺘﺲ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌًﺮا ﻟﻸﺳﻨﺎن ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ وﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮز‬.‫ﻣﻠﺼﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﻨﺎﻧﻚ‬
.‫واﻟﻤﻠﺢ وإرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻻﺳﻠﻜًﻴﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﺎز‬
‫ وﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻫﺆﻻء ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ‬.‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻃﻮر اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ أﺟﻬﺰة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ارﺗﺪاؤﻫﺎ ﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬-٣
‫ اﺑﺘﻜﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن واﻟﺒﺮازﻳﻠﻴﻮن ﺟﻬﺎًزا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ارﺗﺪاؤه ﻳﺤﺘﻮي‬،‫ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮز‬.‫واﻗﻴﺎت اﻟﻔﻢ‬
‫ وﻫﻮ‬،‫ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ارﺗﺪاء واﻗﻲ اﻟﻔﻢ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﻬﺰة اﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎر ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ووﺣﺪات اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
.‫أﻣﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﻳﺢ‬
‫ﻮر ﺣﺪﻳًﺜﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ‬‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ اﻟﺴﻜﺮي ﻧﻈﺮًﻳﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬﺎز اﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎر اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻤﻄ ﱠ‬-٤
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻت‬.‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﺛﻢ ﺑﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت إﻟﻰ أﻃﺒﺎﺋﻬﻢ‬
‫ ﻣﺮﺿﻰ اﻟﺪم اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬،‫ﻃﺒﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى واﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻄﻌﺎم إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬
.‫ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮن إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻤﻠﺢ‬

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 ‫‪ -٥‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮل دﻛﺘﻮر ﺑﻦ‪ ،‬أﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻣﺒﺮﻳﺎل ﻛﻮﻟﻴﺪج ﻟﻨﺪن‪ ،‬إﻧﻪ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك‬
‫"ﻋﻘﺒﺎت ﻛﺒﻴﺮة" ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺟﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮات اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‪" .‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻟﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮات ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺂﻛﻞ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻀﻎ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻷﻣﻼح واﻟﺴﻜﺮﻳﺎت واﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت‪ ،‬وﺳﺘﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻌﺎب ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: How does the writer describe of the‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺼﻒ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ "ﺣﺮاس" اﻟﻔﻢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ؟‬
‫?‪old mouth guards‬‬
‫‪C. He believes they were not practical.‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q2: What is the writer's opinion on the‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة؟‬
‫?‪new food-control technique‬‬
‫‪A. It is not yet ready to replace older‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻫﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺟﺎﻫﺰة ﺑﻌﺪ ﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪methods.‬‬

‫‪Q3: Why has the new food-control‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ‬
‫?‪technique been developed‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة؟‬
‫‪B. to avoid the need to keep a daily food‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﻤﺬﻛﺮات ﻃﻌﺎم‬
‫‪diary‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Q4: In paragraph 5, the word which can‬‬ ‫س‪ :٤‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ ،5‬اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫______ ‪replace the phrase, in addition, is‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ______‬
‫‪B. Besides‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬

‫‪Q5: Why is the phrase, for instance, in‬‬ ‫س‪ :٥‬ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪،‬‬
‫?‪paragraph 5, used‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪5‬؟‬
‫‪D. to explain one difficulty in using the new‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻟﺸﺮح إﺣﺪى اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎت ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪technique‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬

‫‪365‬‬
 🤓 ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Humans are social creatures. (Q1) People have always grouped together into communities
to survive. Living together makes people form common habits and behaviors-from specific
methods of raising children to preferred techniques for obtaining food. In modern-day Paris,
many people shop daily at outdoor markets to pick up the things they need for their evening
meal, such as cheese, meat, and vegetables from different specialty stalls. In the United
States, the majority of people shop only once a week at supermarkets, filling large carts to
the brim. How would a Parisian perceive U.S. shopping behaviors that Americans take for
granted?
2- Almost every human behavior is learned whether it is shopping, marriage or expressing
one’s feelings. In the United States, people tend to view marriage as a choice between two
people, based on mutual feelings of love. In other nations and in other times, marriages have
arranged through an intricate and complicated process of interviews and negotiations
between entire families.
3- To someone who is raised in New York City, the marriage customs of a family from Nigeria
may seem strange, or even wrong. Conversely, someone from a traditional Kolkata family
might be perplexed unable to understand the idea of romantic love as the foundation for
lifelong commitment. (Q2) In other words, the way in which people view marriage depends
largely on what they have been taught.
4- Behavior based on learned customs and traditions is not a bad thing. Being familiar with
unwritten rules helps people feel secured and “normal.” Most people want to live their daily
lives confident that their behaviors will not be challenged or disrupted. But even an action as
seemingly simple as commuting to work evidences a great deal of cultural propriety.
‫ اﻟﻌﻴﺶ‬.‫ﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬ ً ‫ﻤﺎ ﻣ‬
ً ‫ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس داﺋ‬.‫ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬-١
‫ ﺑﺪًءا ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل إﻟﻰ‬- ‫ﻌﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﺸﻜﻠﻮن ﻋﺎدات وﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬ ً ‫ﻣ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﺴﻮق اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﻮﻣًﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬.‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺠﺒﻦ واﻟﻠﺤﻮم واﻟﺨﻀﺮوات‬،‫اﻷﺳﻮاق اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺮاء اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﺴﻮق ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬.‫ﻣﻦ اﻷﻛﺸﺎك اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮى اﻟﺒﺎرﻳﺴﻲ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت‬.‫ وﻳﻤﻠﺆون ﻋﺮﺑﺎت ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬،‫اﻷﺳﺒﻮع ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻼت اﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮ ﻣﺎرﻛﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﻮق اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮﻫﺎ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن أﻣﺮا ﻣﻔﺮوﻏﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ؟‬
‫ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻠﻮك ﺑﺸﺮي ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن اﻟﺘﺴﻮق أو اﻟﺰواج أو اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻤﺮء‬-٢
‫ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﺤﺐ‬،‫ ﻳﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺰواج ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﻦ‬،‫اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﺰﻳﺠﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻼت‬،‫ ﻓﻲ دول أﺧﺮى وﻓﻲ أوﻗﺎت أﺧﺮى‬.‫اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ‬
.‫واﻟﻤﻔﺎوﺿﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﻼت ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ أو ﺣﺘﻰ‬،‫ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﺪو ﻋﺎدات اﻟﺰواج ﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺠﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺄ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك‬-٣
‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻛﻮﻟﻜﺎﺗﺎ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﺮة وﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة أﺧﺮى‬.‫ﻓﻬﻢ ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﺤﺐ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻛﺄﺳﺎس ﻟﻼﻟﺘﺰام ﻣﺪى اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬
.‫اﻟﻨﺎس إﻟﻰ اﻟﺰواج إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮه‬

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 ‫‪ -٤‬اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎدات واﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺴﻴﺊ‪ .‬إن اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺎن وﺑﺄﻧﻬﻢ "ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﻮن"‪ .‬ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس أن ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮا ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻄﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫واﺛﻘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ أن ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪي أو اﻟﺘﻌﻄﻴﻞ‪ .‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺒﺪو ﺑﺴﻴ ً‬
‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪر ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻴﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: Mention the main reason for people's‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬اذﻛﺮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﺬى ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫?‪constant living in social groups‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن داﺋﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺌﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪D. survival‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﺒﻘﺎء‬

‫‪Q2: What affects people's ideas about‬‬ ‫س ‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻨﺎس ﺣﻮل اﻟﺰواج‬
‫?‪marriage today the most‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮم؟‬
‫‪D. what they have learned from their own‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮه ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻬﻢ‬
‫‪community‬‬

‫‪Q3: The word that is closest in meaning to‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﺤﺼﻮل"‬
‫_____ ‪"obtaining" is‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ___‬
‫‪A. Getting‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫‪Q4: Which word in the passage is closest in‬‬ ‫س‪ :٤‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ‬
‫?"‪meaning to the word "negotiations‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ »ﻣﻔﺎوﺿﺎت«؟‬
‫‪B. Discussions‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎت‬

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 🍎 ‫اﻟﻐﺬاء واﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Food is primarily made of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals,
vitamins and water. To sustain ourselves, we need to regularly ingest food.
2- Living creatures do not follow the decay pattern seen in the rest of the natural world.
Unlike non-living things (such as rocks), living things maintain themselves. New cells, tissues
and organs are built in the process of development. Once mature, organisms can sustain
existing biological structures by cellular division, also called mitosis. (Q1) It allows cells to use
molecules such as water, amino acids (building blocks of proteins), carbohydrates and lipids
to create new cells. For the process to complete, energy needs to be transferred among
chemical bonds.
3- (Q2) Our cells are regularly replaced and recycled which requires a regular influx of energy
and matter. We obtain energy in the form of food calories: new matter in the form of
molecules contained in our food. Not all these molecules are digestible by all animals. These
unneeded molecules may be eaten along with more desirable molecules. This is part of the
reason why animals must have and opening in their digestive system.
4- A person’s balanced diet includes several servings of cereals, breads, vegetables and fruits
every day. Smaller servings of milk, dairy, meat and eggs is also essential. Oils, fats and
sweets should not make up more than a very small portion of this balanced diet.
5- Human beings eat several hundred pounds of food every year. From this food we obtain all
the molecules we need to help our bodies operate, grow and replace the cells lost to wear,
old age, or damage.
6- Animals, such as humans, have evolved sophisticated strategies and tactics of intercellular
communication like feedback, feed-forward, and inhibition which allow us to keep and keep
steady-state, or homeostasis. When we want to eat, we feel hungry. (Q3) This seemingly
simple cause and effect relationship is the result of the empty stomach secreting the peptide
hormone ghrelin into the bloodstream. When the hypothalamus receives this hormone, it
stimulates and releases growth hormones, which makes us want to eat. After eating to
satiation, the release of the peptide hormone leptin causes the hypothalamus to inhibit and
prevent hunger sensations. Leptin is released by a variety of tissues including adipose (fat
cells), stomach, bone, pituitary, and the liver.
Metabolism
7- The word metabolism is of Greek origin and comes from the Greek root “change.” It
involves the building up or breaking down of molecules so that the body can use them. These
molecules will be used for cell growth, fuel and other processes. If the process involves
breaking down molecules into simpler ones, usually to release energy, it is called catabolic. If,
however, it involves building up complex molecules for structures or energy storage, it is
called anabolic.

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8- The need of energy calorie depends on how developed and active the bodies are.
Developed and less active bodies do not need as many energy calories as developing and
active bodies. Developing bodies are adding cells at a rapid rate, and this requires infusion of
both new material (molecules) and energy. Active bodies, likewise, need more calories to
sustain the energetic demands of more motion.
Proteins
9- Protein’s molecules are made of nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and sometimes
sulfur. These molecules are found in animal tissue such as meat (including fish), eggs, cheese
and legumes, and many other plant foods, as well.
10- Proteins, which are large molecules, are assembled from smaller units called amino acids
and serve many important roles in living things. Amino acids are linked by covalent bonds
called peptide bonds. Proteins can serve as complex physical features. Proteins comprise
most of what makes up an organism such as teeth, bone, muscle, tendon, cartilage, skin.
11- As enzymes, proteins facilitate chemical reactions that would not otherwise happen in
the short time, or lower temperatures required by living things. As hormones, such as the
appetite-inhibitor leptin , protein messengers deliver information around the body.
Carbohydrates
12- Carbohydrates consist of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon that combine to form
monosaccharides. These simple sugars are made of five (pentose) or six (hexose) carbon rings
which with the help of additional hydrogen and oxygen atoms form disaccharides (“two
sugars”) such as sucrose and lactose or polysaccharides (“many sugars”) such as starch.
13- Sugars are essential to living things as they provide a way to store chemical energy to
operate living things. They are also the structural backbone to the information storage
molecules: DNA and RNA, as well as many of the other essential molecules in living things.
Sugars are transported through the blood stream in the form of the simple sugar glucose.
They have 4 calories of energy per gram.
‫ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻐﺬاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎم اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪرات واﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت واﻟﺪﻫﻮن واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن‬-١
.‫ ﻧﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم‬،‫ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ‬.‫واﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﺎت واﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ‬.‫ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻧﻤﻂ اﻻﺿﻤﺤﻼل واﻻﻧﺤﻼل اﻟﺬي ﺷﻮﻫﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬-٢
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺧﻼﻳﺎ وأﻧﺴﺠﺔ وأﻋﻀﺎء‬.‫ ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬،(‫اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻴﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ أن ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن ﺗﻨﻀﺞ‬.‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر‬
‫ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ‬mitosis. ‫ﻀﺎ‬ً ‫ واﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﻤﻰ أﻳ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎم اﻟﺨﻠﻮي‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻲ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺎء واﻷﺣﻤﺎض اﻷﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ )اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت( واﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪرات واﻟﺪﻫﻮن ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬
.‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺗﻜﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ واﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ً ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﺧﻼﻳﺎﻧﺎ وإﻋﺎدة ﺗﺪوﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺪﻓًﻘﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻈ‬-٣
‫ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه‬.‫ ﻣﺎدة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻨﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻌﺮات ﻏﺬاﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬.‫اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻀﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬
.‫ ﻫﺬا ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ وﺟﻮب وﺟﻮد ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازن ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﺪة ﺣﺼﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺒﻮب واﻟﺨﺒﺰ واﻟﺨﻀﺮوات واﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ ﻛﻞ‬-٤
‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫ﻀﺎ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺼﺺ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ وﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻷﻟﺒﺎن واﻟﻠﺤﻮم واﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬ ً ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري أﻳ‬.‫ﻳﻮم‬
.‫ﺪا ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازن‬
ً ‫أﻻ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت واﻟﺪﻫﻮن واﻟﺤﻠﻮﻳﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰء ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﺟ‬

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‫‪ -٥‬ﻳﺄﻛﻞ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺌﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻴﻬﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة أﺟﺴﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﻨﻤﻮ واﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدة ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺂﻛﻞ أو‬
‫اﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ أو اﻟﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻃﻮرت اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت وﺗﻜﺘﻴﻜﺎت ﻣﺘﻄﻮرة ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﺎم‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺮة أو اﻻﺗﺰان واﻟﺤﻔﺎظ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ أن ﻧﺄﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮع‪ .‬ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪو ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ واﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ إﻓﺮاز اﻟﻤﻌﺪة اﻟﻔﺎرﻏﺔ ﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮن اﻟﺒﺒﺘﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﺪم‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻠﻘﻰ اﻟﻮﻃﺎء ﻫﺬا اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮن‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﻔﺰ وﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺆدي إﻓﺮاز ﻫﺮﻣﻮن اﻟﺒﺒﺘﻴﺪ اﻟﻠﺒﺘﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﺎم ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻬﺎد ﺑﺘﺜﺒﻴﻂ وﻣﻨﻊ اﻹﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮع‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫إﻓﺮاز اﻟﻠﺒﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺪﻫﻮن )اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺪﻫﻨﻴﺔ( واﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬
‫واﻟﻌﻈﺎم واﻟﻐﺪة اﻟﻨﺨﺎﻣﻴﺔ واﻟﻜﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻷﻳﺾ‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻷﻳﺾ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ أﺻﻞ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ وﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ ""اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ""‪ .‬إﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻄﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎء أو ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ واﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
‫واﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‪ .‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻄﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻄﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت إﻟﻰ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت أﺑﺴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎدًة ﻹﻃﻼق اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻀﻲ‪ .‬وﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻳﻨﻄﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻣﻌﻘﺪة ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ أو ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻻﺑﺘﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺎ ﻻ‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى ﺗﻄﻮر وﻧﺸﺎط اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ .‬اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻮرة واﻷﻗﻞ ﻧﺸﺎ ً‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻌﺮات اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻮم اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺿﺦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة )اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت( واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺘﺎج‬
‫اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻌﺮات اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮوﺟﻴﻦ واﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن واﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ واﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻦ وأﺣﻴﺎًﻧﺎ اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻠﺤﻮم )ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻷﺳﻤﺎك( واﻟﺒﻴﺾ واﻟﺠﺒﻦ واﻟﺒﻘﻮﻟﻴﺎت‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى أﻳ ً‬
‫‪ -١٠‬اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ وﺣﺪات أﺻﻐﺮ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻷﺣﻤﺎض اﻷﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ وﺗﺆدي‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷدوار اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‪ .‬اﻷﺣﻤﺎض اﻷﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺮواﺑﻂ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ رواﺑﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺒﺘﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺳﻤﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ اﻟﺤﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن واﻟﻌﻈﺎم واﻟﻌﻀﻼت واﻷوﺗﺎر واﻟﻐﻀﺎرﻳﻒ واﻟﺠﻠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١١‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻫﺎ إﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎت‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻟﻮﻻ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ‬
‫وﻗﺖ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‪ ،‬أو ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻠﻴﺒﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﺸﻬﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻦ ُر ُ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪرات‬
‫‪ -١٢‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪرات ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻦ واﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ واﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﺪ ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺮﻳﺎت اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻜﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻤﺲ )ﺑﻨﺘﻮز( أو ﺳﺖ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﻛﺮﺑﻮن )ﺳﺪاﺳﻴﺔ( واﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ذرات‬
‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻦ واﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻜﺮﻳﺎت ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ )""ﺳﻜﺮﻳﺘﺎن""( ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺮوز واﻟﻼﻛﺘﻮز أو‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮﻳﺎت )""اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﺮﻳﺎت""( ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺸﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣‬اﻟﺴﻜﺮﻳﺎت ﺿﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت‬
‫ﻀﺎ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻔﻘﺮي اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‪ DNA :‬و ‪ ،RNA‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬‫اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‪ .‬إﻧﻬﺎ أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺮﻳﺎت ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﻠﻮﻛﻮز‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪ .‬ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ‪ 4‬ﺳﻌﺮات ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﺮام‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What do cells use for mitosis? Mention‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﻟﻼﻧﻘﺴﺎم؟ اذﻛﺮ ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪2 things.‬‬
‫‪C. amino acids and lipids‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬اﻷﺣﻤﺎض اﻷﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﺪﻫﻮن‬

‫‪Q2: Name the two processes that happen‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﺛﺎن ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻳﺎ‬
‫‪to the cells in our body.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ أﺟﺴﺎﻣﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪B. They are replaced and recycled.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺒﺪاﻟﻬﺎ وإﻋﺎدة ﺗﺪوﻳﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q3: Which two hormones make people feel‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎن اﻟﻠﺬان ﻳﺠﻌﻼن اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫?‪hungry‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮون ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮع؟‬
‫‪A. Ghrelin and growth hormones‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﻳﻠﻴﻦ وﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬

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 ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ 👷‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Look at the graph below and answer the questions based on what you see.‬‬
‫اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮاه‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: How many British CEOs were educated‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺮؤﺳﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫?‪private schools in 2015‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﻮا ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪارس اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
‫‪2015‬؟‬
‫‪A. around 38%‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪٪38‬‬

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 📰 ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Defences of Advertising
1- (Q1) Defenders of advertising claim that it is good for the society. How else would we know
about available products and services? Some adverts promote the public interest by
informing consumers about health and safety issues. An example is Volvos. They were among
the first vehicles to provide side-door air bags which is definitely a safety advantage.
Defenders of advertising also argue that advertisements allow “free” television and internet
content by giving media the financial backing it requires. (Q2) The survival and profitability of
many media outlets, such as social media, television and radio stations and YouTube channels
depend on advertising revenue. Finally, (Q1) advocates of advertising claim that it stimulates
competition and fuels our mass-consumption to buy, because mass production requires mass
consumption, and mass consumption of a product cannot take place if consumers do not
know that the product exists or where it can be bought. (Q3) So, advertising is required if we
are to take advantage of the benefits of large-scale production.
Criticisms to advertising
2 -There have been numerous criticisms against advertising. First, some critics argue,
advertising interferes with almost everything we do (studying, reading, driving, watching
YouTube, browsing the internet). (Q4) Second, critics say, advertising makes citizens
materialistic. All they are about is possessing more and more. Of course, there is nothing
wrong with improving your standard of living, but they say advertising encourages consumers
to measure their worth only by what they have, rather than by who they are. And so
advertising weakens social bonds and contributes to a shallow, materialistic culture. Third,
advertising exploits children by targeting dubious messages (sugary cereals are good, cool
kids wear brand-name clothing) at an audience that is too young to be able to evaluate their
content. (Q5) Young people, including college students, generally claim that advertising does
not influence them, but ad makers know better. They say that a well-designed ad campaign
can greatly increase a product’s sales-even to young people and college students.
‫دﻓﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ وإﻻ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻌﺮف ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬.‫ﻳﺪﻋﻲ اﻟﻤﺪاﻓﻌﻮن ﻋﻦ اﻹﻋﻼن أﻧﻪ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬- ١
.‫اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ؟ ﺗﺮوج ﺑﻌﺾ اﻹﻋﻼﻧﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل إﻋﻼم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻴﻦ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ أوﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ وﺳﺎﺋﺪ ﻫﻮاﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺑﻮاب اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻮﻟﻔﻮ‬
"‫ﻀﺎ ﺑﺄن اﻹﻋﻼﻧﺎت ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن "اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻲ‬ً ‫ ﻳﺠﺎدل اﻟﻤﺪاﻓﻌﻮن ﻋﻦ اﻹﻋﻼن أﻳ‬.‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﺰة أﻣﺎن‬
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﻘﺎء ورﺑﺤﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬.‫وﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻨﺢ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋﻼم اﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬YouTube ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ وﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن واﻹذاﻋﺔ وﻗﻨﻮات‬،‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋﻼم‬
،‫ ﻳﺰﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﺪاﻓﻌﻮن ﻋﻦ اﻹﻋﻼن أﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﻔﺰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ وﻳﻐﺬي اﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﺸﺮاء‬،‫ أﺧﻴًﺮا‬.‫ﻋﺎﺋﺪات اﻹﻋﻼﻧﺎت‬
‫ وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺤﺪث اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ إذا ﻛﺎن‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻛﺎ ﺿﺨ‬
ً ‫ﻷن اﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﺳﺘﻬﻼ‬
‫ ﻓﺈن اﻹﻋﻼن ﻣﻄﻠﻮب إذا أردﻧﺎ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة‬،‫ ﻟﺬا‬. ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻮن ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮن أن اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد أو أﻳﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺷﺮاؤه‬
.‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ‬

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 ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎدات ﻟﻺﻋﻼن‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك اﻧﺘﻘﺎدات ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﺿﺪ اﻹﻋﻼن‪ .‬أوًﻻ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺎدل ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﻘﺎد ﺑﺄن اﻹﻋﻼن ﻳﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ )اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﺮاءة‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‪ ،‬وﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة ‪ ،YouTube‬وﺗﺼﻔﺢ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ(‪ .‬ﺛﺎﻧًﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﻘﺎد إن اﻹﻋﻼن‬
‫ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﻃﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺎدﻳﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ اﻣﺘﻼك اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ واﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺣﺮج ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺸﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن إن اﻹﻋﻼن ﻳﺸﺠﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن اﻹﻋﻼن ﻳﻀﻌﻒ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺎدﻳﺔ ﺿﺤﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﺛﺎﻟًﺜﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻞ‬
‫اﻹﻋﻼن اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﺳﺘﻬﺪاف اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻮﻫﺔ )اﻟﺤﺒﻮب اﻟﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة‪ ،‬واﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻟﺮاﺋﻌﻮن ﻳﺮﺗﺪون‬
‫ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺔ( ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮر أﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﺪﻋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﺎب‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻃﻼب اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت‪ ،‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم أن اﻹﻋﻼن ﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺻﻨﺎع اﻹﻋﻼﻧﺎت ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮن‬
‫ﺪا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ زﻳﺎدة ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن إن اﻟﺤﻤﻠﺔ اﻹﻋﻼﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺟﻴ ً‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﺎب وﻃﻼب اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: Name the two words, in paragraph 1,‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬اذﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ 1‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫?‪that the writer uses for supporter‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻴﺼﻒ داﻋﻤﻲ اﻹﻋﻼﻧﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪D. advocate and defender‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﻤﺆﻳﺪ واﻟﻤﺪاﻓﻊ‬

‫‪Q2: What information is given about‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﻮﺗﻴﻮب‬
‫?‪YouTube from the passage‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺺ؟‬
‫‪A. People use it to make money.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺢ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q3: What does the passage say about‬‬ ‫س‪ :3‬ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺺ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻋﻼن؟‬
‫?‪advertising‬‬
‫‪C. It is a very important and powerful‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬إﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ وﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪industry.‬‬

‫?‪Q4: Which statement is an opinion‬‬ ‫س ‪ :4‬أي ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻫﻲ رأي؟‬

‫‪C. Advertising makes people want more‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬اﻹﻋﻼن ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﺮﻳﺪون اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪possessions.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت‪.‬‬

‫‪Q5: How are college students’ views about‬‬ ‫س‪ :5‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ آراء ﻃﻼب اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻹﻋﻼن‬
‫’‪advertising different from the advertisers‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻨﻴﻦ؟‬
‫?‪view‬‬
‫‪A. College students think advertising to‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻃﻼب اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت أن اﻹﻋﻼن ﻟﻠﺸﺒﺎب ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫‪young people is ineffective.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‪.‬‬

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 ⚖ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺎﻻت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1 -In the US legal systems, when enough evidence is collected to establish probable cause,
only then arrests are made. Arrests can be made with or without a warrant, but there must
always be probable cause to arrest. A criminal defendant is usually searched at the time of
the arrest. The defendant is ‘booked’ at the police station. Finger printing and photographing
the defendant are part of the booking process. Background information on the defendant
such as name, address, phone number, and so forth is also collected.
2 -The defendant is searched again before being placed in a jail cell. Bailing depends on the
type of offense a defendant commits. If the defendant’s offense is minor, he or she may be
allowed to post bail and appear before the judge at a later date. When the offense is not
minor, the defendant is held until the initial appearance when the judge sets the bail amount.
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ أدﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻹﺛﺒﺎت ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬-١
‫ﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬ً ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك داﺋ‬،‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺟﺮاء اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﻻت ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ أو ﺑﺪوﻧﻪ‬.‫اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﻻت‬
.‫ ُﻳﺤﺠﺰ اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬.‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﻲ وﻗﺖ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬.‫ﻟﻼﻋﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ً ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ أﻳ‬.‫ﻳﻌﺪ أﺧﺬ اﻹﺻﺒﻊ وﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺰًءا ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺠﺰ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ واﻟﻌﻨﻮان ورﻗﻢ اﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى ﻗﺒﻞ إﻳﺪاﻋﻪ ﻓﻲ زﻧﺰاﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺠﻦ‬-٢
‫ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﻤﺜﻮل‬/ ‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ُﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻪ‬،‫ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬.‫ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺣﺘﺠﺎز اﻟﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﻮل اﻷول ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬.‫أﻣﺎم اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻻﺣﻖ‬
.‫ﻳﺤﺪد اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The word that is closest in meaning to ‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬:1 ‫س‬
"probable" is _____ _____ ‫»ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ« ﻫﻲ‬
C. Reasonable ‫ ﻣﻌﻘﻮل‬.‫ج‬

Q2: The word in the passage is closest in ‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬:2 ‫س‬
meaning to "booked" is _____ _____ ‫إﻟﻰ" ﻣﺤﺠﻮز "ﻫﻲ‬
B. Registered ‫ ﻣﺴﺠﻞ‬.‫ب‬

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 ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﻠﺐ 🚗‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫‪Look at the graph below and answer the questions based on what you see.‬‬
‫اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮاه‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: The percentage of steel that the‬‬ ‫س‪ :1‬اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫_____ ‪automotive industry uses is‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات _____‬
‫‪C. 13%‬‬ ‫ج‪% 13 .‬‬

‫‪Q2: How much steel is used by the‬‬ ‫س‪ :2‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة‬
‫?‪domestic appliances industry‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪D. 2%‬‬ ‫د‪٪2 .‬‬

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 ☀ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Passage A
Solar Energy
1- The energy coming to Earth from the Sun is mostly in the form of light. The light that falls
in one hour equals the total energy used worldwide in a year. (Q1) Unfortunately, due to its
low energy density and varying availability, large collecting devices are needed. Its greatest
potential use is as an energy source for low-temperature water heating. This uses solar
panels as the energy transfer devices, which convert light into heat energy. They are used
increasingly to produce domestic hot water at about 70◦C and to heat swimming pools.
2- The energy taken from the sun can also be used to produce high-temperature heating; up
to 3000◦C or so, if a huge curved mirror, used as a solar furnace, focuses the Sun’s rays on to
a small area. The solar energy can then be used to turn water to steam for driving the turbine
of an electric generator in a power station.
3- Solar cells, which are made from semiconducting materials, directly convert sunlight into
electricity. A number of cells can be connected together to supply electricity to homes and to
the electronic equipment in communication and other satellites. They are also used for
generating power on a small scale in remote areas of developing countries where there is no
electricity supply. Recent developments have made large-scale generation more cost
effective and there is now a large solar power plant in California. There are many designs for
prototype light vehicles run on solar power.
Wind energy
4- Wind turbines which are giant windmills with two or three blades each up to 30cm long
drive electrical generators. (Q2) ‘Wind farms’ of 20 to 100 turbines spaced and spread out
about 400m apart, supply about 400MW which can provide electricity for 25,000 homes in
the UK and provide a useful ‘top-up’ to the National Grid. Wind turbines can be noisy and
may be considered unsightly. Therefore, there is some environmental objection to wind
farms, especially as the best sites are usually in coastal or upland areas known for their great
natural beauty.
Passage B
Wave energy
5- The rise and fall of sea waves have to be transferred by the use of some kind of wave-
energy converter into the rotary motion needed to drive a generator. It is a difficult problem
and production of electricity on a large scale by this means is unlikely in the near future, but
small systems are being developed to supply island communities with power.
Tidal and hydroelectric energy
6- The flow of water from a higher level to a lower one from behind a tidal barrage – barrier-
or the dam of a hydroelectric scheme is used to drive a water turbine -water wheel-
connected to a generator.

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‫‪7- La Grande I project in Canada is one of the largest working tidal schemes. Feasibility‬‬
‫‪studies and research have shown that a 10-mile-long barrage across the River Severn Estuary‬‬
‫‪could produce about 7% of today’s consumption of electrical energy in England and Wales.‬‬
‫‪However, such schemes have serious and significant implications for the environment, as‬‬
‫‪they may destroy wildlife habitats of water birds for example, and also for shipping routes.‬‬
‫‪8- (Q2) In the UK, about 2% of the electricity supply is generated in the hydroelectric power‬‬
‫‪stations. Most are located in Scotland and Wales because the average rainfall is higher than‬‬
‫‪in other areas. With good management, hydroelectric energy can be a reliable energy source,‬‬
‫‪but still, there are risks connected with the construction and building of dams, and a variety‬‬
‫‪of problems may result from the impact of a dam on the environment. For example, land‬‬
‫‪previously used for forestry or farming may have to be flooded.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ أ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺷﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷرض ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺿﻮء‪ .‬اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻳﺴﺎوي إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‪ .‬ﻟﺴﻮء اﻟﺤﻆ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈًﺮا ﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ واﻟﺘﻮاﻓﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوت‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‪ .‬أﻛﺒﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﺄﺟﻬﺰة ﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻮل اﻟﻀﻮء إﻟﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺰاﻳﺪ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ ٧٠‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ وﻟﺘﺪﻓﺌﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ؛ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ‪٣٠٠٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﻳ ً‬
‫درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ أو ﻧﺤﻮ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺮآة اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﻔﺮن ﺷﻤﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﺰ أﺷﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﺎء إﻟﻰ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
‫ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺗﻮرﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺿﻮء اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة إﻟﻰ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺎ ﻟﺘﺰوﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء واﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت واﻷﻗﻤﺎر‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﻣ ً‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ إﻣﺪادات اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‪ .‬ﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات اﻷﺧﻴﺮة اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ وﻫﻨﺎك اﻵن ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ وﻻﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت ﻟﻠﻨﻤﺎذج اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬
‫‪- ٤‬ﺗﻮرﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺮﻳﺎح وﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻃﻮاﺣﻴﻦ ﻫﻮاء ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ ذات رﻳﺸﺘﻴﻦ أو ﺛﻼث رﻳﺶ ﻳﺼﻞ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺳﻢ‪"" .‬ﻣﺰارع اﻟﺮﻳﺎح"" اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٢٠‬إﻟﻰ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺗﻮرﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪة وﻣﻮزﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ٤٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ‪،‬‬
‫وﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ ٤٠٠‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎوات ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﻟـ ‪ ٢٥٠٠٠‬ﻣﻨﺰل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة وﺗﻮﻓﺮ ""زﻳﺎدة"" ﻣﻔﻴﺪة‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺗﻮرﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﺻﺎﺧﺒﺔ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻴﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫اﻻﻋﺘﺮاﺿﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰارع اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ وأن أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ أو‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺠﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻟﺮاﺋﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ب‬
‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﻣﻮاج‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺻﻌﻮد وﻫﺒﻮط أﻣﻮاج اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﻮل ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﻣﻮاج إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪوراﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‪ .‬إﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ وإﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺠﺮي ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻟﺘﺰوﻳﺪ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﺠﺰر ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺪ واﻟﺠﺰر واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى أﻋﻠﻰ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى أدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻤﺪ واﻟﺠﺰر ‪ -‬اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ ‪ -‬أو‬
‫ﺳﺪ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻮرﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ‪ -‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻣﺸﺮوع )ﻻ ﺟﺮاﻧﺪا( ﻓﻲ ﻛﻨﺪا ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎت اﻟﻤﺪ واﻟﺠﺰر اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ .‬أﻇﻬﺮت دراﺳﺎت اﻟﺠﺪوى واﻷﺑﺤﺎث‬
‫أن واﺑًﻠﺎ ﺑﻄﻮل ‪ ١٠‬أﻣﻴﺎل ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺼﺐ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺳﻴﻔﻴﺮن ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ ٪٧‬ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻴﻮم ﻓﻲ إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا ووﻳﻠﺰ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت ﻟﻬﺎ آﺛﺎر ﺧﻄﻴﺮة وﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻣﺮ ﻣﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻴﻮر اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺸﺤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ ٪٢‬ﻣﻦ إﻣﺪادات اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﺳﻜﺘﻠﻨﺪا ووﻳﻠﺰ ﻷن ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻄﻮل اﻷﻣﻄﺎر أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻷﺧﺮى‪ .‬ﻣﻊ اﻹدارة اﻟﺠﻴﺪة‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺪًرا ﻣﻮﺛﻮًﻗﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
‫وﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﺪود‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺮ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺳﺎﺑًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺑﺎت أو اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎه‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ُﺗﻐ َ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: According to both passages, why is it‬‬ ‫س ‪ :1‬وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻜﻼ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺼﻌﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫?‪difficult to collect solar energy‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪C. large collecting devices are required and‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺟﻬﺰة ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة وﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ‬
‫‪it's difficult to get permission from‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ إذن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪governments.‬‬

‫‪Q2: The UK is mentioned in the passages to‬‬ ‫س ‪ :2‬ذﻛﺮت اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ ﻟﺘﻘﻮل أن‬
‫_____ ‪say that‬‬ ‫_____‬
‫‪C. Wind turbines supply electricity to some‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﺗﻮرﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل‬
‫‪homes and hydroelectricity powers 2‬‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻟـ ‪ %2‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل‬
‫‪percent of homes in the UK.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬

‫‪Q3: Renewable energy from both passages‬‬ ‫س ‪ :3‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ‬
‫_____ ‪can be summarized as‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ _____‬
‫‪B. renewable energy resources make up a‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮارد اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة ﺟﺰءا ﺻﻐﻴﺮا ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪small portion of the energy supply.‬‬ ‫إﻣﺪادات اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬

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 🌏 ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻐﻼدﻳﺶ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Bangladesh is a country in South Asia. (Q1) It is the eighth-most populous country in the
world, with a population exceeding 163 million people, 80% of which live in rural areas. (Q2) It
is so dense that 1,062 people live in a square kilometre.
2- (Q3) It is one of the poorest countries in the world but the World bank noticed the huge
percentage of poor people and was among the first development partners to support
Bangladesh. It has committed $35 billion in grants, interest-free, and concessional credits to
the country since its Independence. With the aid of the World Bank, Bangladesh has been
fighting poverty. Consequently, poverty declined from 43.5 percent in 1991 to 14.3 percent
in 2016, based on the international poverty line of $1.90 a day.
3 -On April 19, 2022, the Government of Bangladesh and the World Bank signed a $250
million financing agreement to support the country’s reform efforts to sustain growth after
the COVID-19 pandemic and to enhance resilience to future shocks, including climate change.
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﻋﺪد‬،‫ إﻧﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﻣﻦ دوﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬.‫ ﺑﻨﻐﻼدﻳﺶ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب آﺳﻴﺎ‬-١
1062 ‫ إﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن‬.‫ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‬٪80 .‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‬163 ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﺼﺎ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ً ‫ﺷﺨ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮاء وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺎء‬،‫ إﻧﻬﺎ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻓﻘﺮ دول اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬-٢
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﺎر دوﻻر ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺢ واﺋﺘﻤﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻴﺴﺮة‬35 ‫ وﻗﺪ ﺧﺼﺼﺖ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻷواﺋﻞ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ دﻋﻤﻮا ﺑﻨﻐﻼدﻳﺶ‬
‫ اﻧﺨﻔﺾ‬،‫ وﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ ﺗﺤﺎرب ﺑﻨﻐﻼدﻳﺶ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺪون ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﻼد ﻣﻨﺬ اﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ دوﻻًرا ﻓﻲ‬1.90 ‫ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬،2016 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬٪14.3 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬1991 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬٪43.5 ‫ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫اﻟﻴﻮم‬
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن دوﻻر‬250 ‫ وﻗﻌﺖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻨﻐﻼدﻳﺶ واﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬،2022 ‫ أﺑﺮﻳﻞ‬19 ‫ ﻓﻲ‬-٣
‫ وﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬١٩ – ‫ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺟﻬﻮد اﻹﺻﻼح ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﺎﺋﺤﺔ ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬،‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What percentage of the population ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﻓﻲ‬:١‫س‬
lives in the countryside? ‫اﻟﺮﻳﻒ؟‬
C. four-fifths ‫أﺧﻤﺎس‬-‫ أرﺑﻌﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: What is the population density of ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻐﻼدﻳﺶ؟‬:٢‫س‬

Bangladesh?
A. 1,062 per km2 ‫ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬1,062 .‫أ‬

Q3: Name the organization that noted the ‫ اذﻛﺮ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻﺣﻈﺖ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء‬:٣‫س‬
number of poor people in Bangladesh? ‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻐﻼدﻳﺶ؟‬
B. The World Bank ‫ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬.‫ب‬

380
 📈 ‫ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷداء اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Interest is the amount of money a lender or financial institution receives for lending out
money. It can be with a low rate or a high rate. A low-interest-rate environment is intended
to stimulate economic growth so that it is cheaper to borrow money. This is beneficial for
those who are shopping for new homes, simply because it lowers their monthly payment and
means cheaper costs. However, low-interest rates aren't always ideal. A high-interest rate
typically tells us that the economy is strong and doing well. In a low-interest-rate
environment, there are lower returns on investments and in savings accounts, and of course,
an increase in debt which could mean more of a chance of default when rates go back up.
2- (Q1) Today, interest rates can be applied to various financial products including house
mortgages, credit cards, car loans, and personal loans. Interest rates started to fall in 2019
and were brought to near zero in 2020.
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن‬.‫ﻤﻘﺮض أو اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻹﻗﺮاض اﻷﻣﻮال‬ ُ ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة ﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻷﻣﻮال اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ اﻟ‬-١
‫ﺗﻬﺪف ﺑﻴﺌﺔ أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬. ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ أو ﻣﻌﺪل ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬
‫ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ‬،‫ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻷوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﺴﻮﻗﻮن ﻟﺸﺮاء ﻣﻨﺎزل ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬.‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﻗﺘﺮاض اﻷﻣﻮال أرﺧﺺ‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﻓﺈن أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ داﺋ‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻋﺎﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ وﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ أرﺧﺺ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة‬.‫ ﻳﺨﺒﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﺎدة أن اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻗﻮي وﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ‬.‫ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻫﻨﺎك زﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻳﻮن ﻗﺪ‬،‫ وﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬،‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﻮاﺋﺪ أﻗﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرات وﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬
.‫ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮص اﻟﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺪاد ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻮد اﻷﺳﻌﺎر إﻟﻰ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺮﻫﻮن اﻟﻌﻘﺎرﻳﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﻴﻮم‬-٢
2019 ‫ ﺑﺪأت أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬.‫وﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎن وﻗﺮوض اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات واﻟﻘﺮوض اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
.2020 ‫وﻗﺮﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What products and services require ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس‬:1‫س‬
people to pay interest? ‫دﻓﻊ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة؟‬
B. homes and automobiles ‫ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل واﻟﺴﻴﺎرات‬.‫ب‬

381
 ⛽ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Fossil fuels, like coal, oil, and gas are our main source of energy. This kind of fuel is
considered as nonrenewable because it takes millions of years before new fuels can replace
the ones we have used. So, if someday we have consumed all of the deposits, it cannot be
replaced. (Q1) The problem is that the consumption rate of fossil fuel keeps increasing as the
population of the world is also increasing. This results in the increase of industrial activities,
transportation, power plants, and even simpler uses like lighting up our fireplaces most of
which require fossil fuels to operate. (Q2) Due to the huge consumption of oil, scientists have
predicted that the deposit of fossil oil will run out at year 2052, gas will end by 2060, and coal
will last till 2090.
2- Most environmental problems are the direct cause of surging carbon emissions caused by
fossil fuels. Ozone layer depletion and rising levels of carbon dioxide leading to bad air quality
which have damaging effects on health are some of the disadvantages of using crude oil and
petrol.
3- Another, unknown, yet dangerous effect of fossil fuels is the emission of sulfur dioxide
(SO2), a colorless, bad-smelling, toxic gas. It is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels — coal,
oil, and diesel —in power plants, through metals processing and smelting facilities, and
vehicles. Diesel vehicles and equipment have long been a major source of sulfur dioxide. SO2
emissions leads to the formation of other sulfur oxides which can react with other
compounds in the atmosphere to form small particles which may penetrate deeply into the
lungs and in sufficient quantity can contribute to health problems. (Q3) Although most of the
sulfur is already removed from fuels during refining through a remarkable chemical process
called hydrodesulfurization, the process is very costly and hazardous.
4- (Q4) To sum up, the fossil fuels we heavily depend on in every aspect of our lives is the main
reason for the most serious environmental problems such as pollution and global warming,
just to name a few. So, we’d better find and use cleaner renewable resources soon.
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬.‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻔﺤﻢ واﻟﻨﻔﻂ واﻟﻐﺎز ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺪرﻧﺎ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري‬-١
،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﺪد ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﺤﻞ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﺬي اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎه‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ أن ﻣﻌﺪل اﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬.‫ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺒﺪاﻟﻬﺎ‬،‫إذا ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﻳﻮًﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺰون‬
‫ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا زﻳﺎدة اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬.‫اﻷﺣﻔﻮري آﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻزدﻳﺎد ﻣﻊ ﺗﺰاﻳﺪ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫وﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ وﺣﺘﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت أﺑﺴﻂ ﻣﺜﻞ إﺿﺎءة اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري‬
،2052 ‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء أن ﺗﻨﻔﺪ رواﺳﺐ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻷﺣﻔﻮري ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺎم‬،‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻂ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬
. 2090 ‫ وﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻔﺤﻢ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﺎم‬،2060 ‫ﺳﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ اﻟﻐﺎز ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺎم‬
.‫ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري‬-٢
‫ﻳﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﻨﻔﺎد ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻷوزون وارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺟﻮدة اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ‬
. ‫واﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ آﺛﺎر ﺿﺎرة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻴﻮب اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم واﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‬

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 ‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف واﻟﺨﻄﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري ﻫﻮ اﻧﺒﻌﺎث ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ)‪ ، (SO2‬وﻫﻮ ﻏﺎز‬
‫ﺳﺎم ﻋﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻠﻮن وراﺋﺤﺔ ﻛﺮﻳﻬﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮق اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري ‪ -‬اﻟﻔﺤﻢ واﻟﻨﻔﻂ واﻟﺪﻳﺰل ‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن وﺻﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‪ .‬ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت وﻣﻌﺪات اﻟﺪﻳﺰل‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪًرا رﺋﻴﺴًﻴﺎ ﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺆدي اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ أﻛﺎﺳﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻐﻠﻐﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻤﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺋﺘﻴﻦ وﺑﻜﻤﻴﺎت ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪوث ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺖ إزاﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻧﺰع‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻦ‪ ،‬إﻻ أن اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﺧﻄﻴﺮة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ،‬اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري اﻟﺬي ﻧﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺸﺪة ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻷﺧﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث واﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎس اﻟﺤﺮاري‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻻ اﻟﺤﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ أن‬
‫ﻧﺠﺪ وﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺘﺠﺪدة أﻧﻈﻒ ﻗﺮﻳًﺒﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: The writer mentions the increasing‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺗﺰاﻳﺪ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫?‪world population in the future. Why‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ ..‬ﻟﻤﺎذا؟‬
‫‪B. to show how it will affect the amount of‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻹﻇﻬﺎر ﻛﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري‬
‫‪fossil fuels we use.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q2: Mention one fact about fossil fuels in‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬أذﻛﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري ﻓﻲ‬
‫?‪Paragraph 1‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪1‬؟‬
‫‪A. Some of them will decrease faster than‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪others.‬‬

‫‪Q3: What does the third paragraph tell us‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺨﺒﺮﻧﺎ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫?‪about sulfur dioxide‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ؟‬
‫‪D. It is dangerous and expensive to remove‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺮ واﻟﻤﻜﻠﻒ إزاﻟﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪from fuel.‬‬

‫?‪Q4: What is the main idea of the passage‬‬ ‫س‪ :٤‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻨﺺ؟‬
‫‪A. The fossil fuels that we rely on are‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻷﺣﻔﻮري اﻟﺬي ﻧﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺪﻣﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪destroying the planet.‬‬

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 💵 ‫اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Personal finance is all about how we, as individuals or families manage our money, save,
and invest. In other words, it is the financial management each person performs in order to
spend, budget, save, and plan for retirement and other future events.
2- Spending is the money you pay for goods or services: paying bills, rent, shopping, filling our
cars, buying presents, and making donations to charity. Credit cards and tax payments also
come under the term spending.
3- People either spend in cash or with borrowed money, i.e., credit. Spending represents a
major percentage of most people’s income. Most people do emotional spending when they
buy just to feel happy. Some are even shopaholic where they buy just to buy and not because
they need it. (Q1) Unfortunately, most of them regret it after just a short time due to spending
their savings and even falling in debt.
4- (Q2) To pay our debts, we need to be careful. The best strategy is the 50/30/20 budgeting
method. Fifty percent of our living essentials, such as rent, utilities, groceries, and transport.
Thirty percent is designed to discretionary expenses, such as dining out and shopping for
clothes. Giving to charity can go here as well. Twenty percent goes toward the future—
paying down debt and saving for retirement and emergencies.
5- In a recent survey, it has been found out that most Americans cannot pay for any expected
emergency in cash. (Q3) Most of them use their credit and only a few pay from their savings.
‫ إﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ آﺧﺮ‬.‫ ﻛﺄﻓﺮاد أو ﻋﺎﺋﻼت‬،‫ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ إدارة أﻣﻮاﻟﻨﺎ وﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ واﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬-١
‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺆدﻳﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻹﻧﻔﺎق واﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ واﻻدﺧﺎر واﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ واﻷﺣﺪاث‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
‫ وﻣﻞء‬،‫ واﻟﺘﺴﻮق‬،‫ واﻹﻳﺠﺎر‬،‫ دﻓﻊ اﻟﻔﻮاﺗﻴﺮ‬:‫ اﻹﻧﻔﺎق ﻫﻮ اﻷﻣﻮال اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺴﻠﻊ أو اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬-٢
‫ﻀﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
ً ‫ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎن وﻣﺪﻓﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ أﻳ‬.‫ واﻟﺘﺒﺮﻋﺎت ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﻴﺮﻳﺔ‬،‫ وﺷﺮاء اﻟﻬﺪاﻳﺎ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺎراﺗﻨﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻹﻧﻔﺎق‬
‫ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻹﻧﻔﺎق ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ دﺧﻞ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬.‫ أي اﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎن‬،‫ﺪا أو ﺑﺄﻣﻮال ﻣﻘﺘﺮﺿﺔ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻧﻘ‬-٣
‫ ﺣﺘﻰ أن اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﺪﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﻨﻔﻘﻮن ﻋﺎﻃﻔًﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺘﺮون ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻴﺸﻌﺮوا ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻌﺎدة‬.‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫ ﻳﻨﺪم ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ‬،‫ ﻟﺴﻮء اﻟﺤﻆ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺴﻮق ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺸﺘﺮون ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺸﺮاء وﻟﻴﺲ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻴﻪ‬
.‫وﻗﺖ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ إﻧﻔﺎق ﻣﺪﺧﺮاﺗﻬﻢ وﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﻮع ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻳﻮن‬
‫ ﺧﻤﺴﻮن‬.20/30/50 ‫ أﻓﻀﻞ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ‬.‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻧﻜﻮن ﺣﺬرﻳﻦ‬،‫ ﻟﺘﺴﺪﻳﺪ دﻳﻮﻧﻨﺎ‬-٤
‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ‬.‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻹﻳﺠﺎر واﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ وﻣﺤﻼت اﻟﺒﻘﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮورﻳﺎﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻌﻄﺎء‬.‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺎرج واﻟﺘﺴﻮق ﻟﺸﺮاء اﻟﻤﻼﺑﺲ‬،‫ﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ ﻟﺴﺪاد اﻟﺪﻳﻮن واﻻدﺧﺎر ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ‬- ‫ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﺸﺮون ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬.‫ﻀﺎ‬ً ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎت اﻟﺨﻴﺮﻳﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ أﻳ‬
.‫وﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﻄﻮارئ‬
‫ ﺗﺒﻴﻦ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻴﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮن اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ أي ﻃﺎرئ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬، ‫ ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺔ اﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬-٥
.‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﻢ اﺋﺘﻤﺎﻧﺎﺗﻬﻢ وﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺧﺮاﺗﻬﻢ‬.‫ﺪا‬ ً ‫ﻧﻘ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the writer's opinion on ‫ ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺴﻮق ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﺮوري؟‬:١‫س‬
unnecessary shopping?
A. He believes it has a negative effect. .‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴًﺮا ﺳﻠﺒًﻴﺎ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What is the writer's advicesay about ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺼﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺑﺸﺄن اﻟﺪﻳﻮن اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬:٢‫س‬
personal debts in paragraph 4? ‫؟‬4 ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
D. They should be dealt with carefully. .‫ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q3: How do most Americans deal with ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬:٣‫س‬
unexpected costs? ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ؟‬
A. They use credit or saving. .‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻷﺋﺘﻤﺎن او اﻟﻤﺪﺧﺮات‬.‫أ‬

Q4: To replace the expression "due to" in ‫ اﻟﺨﻴﺎر‬،3 ‫ ﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ "ﺑﺴﺒﺐ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٤‫س‬
Paragraph 3, the best option is _____ _____ ‫اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻫﻮ‬
B. because of ‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬.‫ب‬

Q5: What is the function of the word "also" ‫؟‬٢ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ" "أﻳﻀﺎ" "ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٥‫س‬
in Paragraph 2?
D. To give more information about the ‫ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬.‫د‬
survey results. .‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

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 📑 ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
٦ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Accounting is one of the key functions of almost any business. It is the process of recording
financial transactions pertaining to a business. (Q1) The accounting process includes
summarizing, analyzing, and reporting these transactions to oversight agencies, regulators,
and tax collection entities. The financial statements used in accounting are a concise
summary of financial transactions over an accounting period, summarizing a company's
operations, financial position, and cash flows.
2- Accounting may be handled by a bookkeeper or an accountant at a small firm, or by sizable
finance departments with dozens of employees at larger companies. That is why, when hiring
accountants for large companies, they choose only those who have spent years of study and
rigorous examinations combined with a minimum number of years of practical accounting
experience.
3- What is a cash flow statement? A cash flow statement is one of the most important tools
used to manage finances. It tracks the cash flow for an organization: where its money comes
from, and how money is being spent. It helps its creditors determine how much cash is
available for the company to fund its operating expenses and pay down its debts. Investors
are also interested in the cash flow statement because it tells them whether a company is on
solid financial ground. As such, they can use the statement to make better, more informed
decisions about their investments.
‫ إﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬.‫ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻷي ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ‬-١
‫ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت وﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ واﻹﺑﻼغ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻت‬.‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻫﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ وﻛﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ‬
‫ وﺗﻠﺨﺺ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ واﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت‬،‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻣﻮﺟﺰ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻴﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ أو ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ إدارات ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺐ أو ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة‬-٢
،‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻴﻦ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬،‫ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬.‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻊ ﻋﺸﺮات اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﺮى‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺨﺘﺎرون ﻓﻘﻂ أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﻣﻀﻮا ﺳﻨﻮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ واﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺼﺎرﻣﺔ ﺟﻨًﺒﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﺪ‬
.‫اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﻮات اﻟﺨﺒﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻨﻘﺪي؟ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻨﻘﺪي أﺣﺪ أﻫﻢ اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻹدارة اﻟﺸﺆون‬-٣
‫ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ داﺋﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ أﻣﻮاﻟﻬﺎ وﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﻔﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬:‫ ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻨﻘﺪي ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻬﺘﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮون أﻳ‬.‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻨﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺎح ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻧﻔﻘﺎت ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ وﺳﺪاد دﻳﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬.‫ﺑﺒﻴﺎن اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻨﻘﺪي ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺨﺒﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﻮي‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﻴﺎن ﻻﺗﺨﺎذ ﻗﺮارات أﻓﻀﻞ وأﻛﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﻨﺎرة ﺑﺸﺄن اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎراﺗﻬﻢ‬

386
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the writer trying to tell his ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺤﺎول اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أن ﻳﻘﻮل ﻟﻘﺮاﺋﻪ؟‬:1‫س‬
readers?
B. Cash flow statements are different from .‫ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻨﻘﺪي ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬.‫ب‬
accounting.

Q2: The writer’s main purpose is _____ _____ ‫ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻫﻮ‬:٢‫س‬
D. to inform ‫ اﻻﺑﻼغ‬.‫د‬

387
 🏢 ‫أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Evidence is growing all over the world that green buildings bring multiple benefits. They
provide some of the most effective means to achieving a range of global goals, such as
addressing climate change, creating sustainable and thriving communities, and driving
economic growth. The benefits of green buildings can be grouped within three categories:
environmental and social.
2- Green buildings can not only reduce or eliminate negative impacts on the environment, by
using less water, energy or natural resources, but they can - in many cases - have a positive
impact on the environment by generating their own energy or increasing biodiversity working
as a constraint that would stop global temperature’s rise to 2°C. This can be done through
the principle of Energy efficiency. It provides guidelines for energy efficient design strategies,
site adaptive design, thermal efficiency and storage, building envelope design, passive solar
heating, passive solar cooling, daylighting, outdoor lighting, materials, and renewable energy
sources.
3- Green building benefits go beyond economics and the environment, and have been shown
to bring positive social impacts too. Many of these benefits are around the health and
wellbeing of people who work in green offices or live in green homes. Research has found
out that workers in green, well-ventilated offices record a 101 per cent increase in cognitive
scores and they have better and longer sleep at night.
‫ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻛﺜﺮ‬.‫ ﺗﺘﺰاﻳﺪ اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء ﺗﺠﻠﺐ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬-١
‫ وﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬،‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬،‫اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻫﺪاف اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬:‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء ﺿﻤﻦ ﺛﻼث ﻓﺌﺎت‬.‫ ودﻓﻊ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬،‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪاﻣﺔ وﻣﺰدﻫﺮة‬
.‫واﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬،‫ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء أن ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ أو ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬-٢
‫ أن‬- ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬- ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬،‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻤﻴﺎت أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه أو اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ أو اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ أو زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم‬.‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬2 ‫ اﻟﻘﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ أن ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ‬.‫ﻛﻤﺼﺪر ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬،‫ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ إرﺷﺎدات ﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻓﺮة ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬.‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺒﺪأ ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
،‫ واﻟﺘﺪﻓﺌﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬،‫ وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻏﻼف اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬،‫ واﻟﻜﻔﺎءة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ واﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬،‫اﻟﺘﻜﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
.‫ وﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة‬،‫ واﻟﻤﻮاد‬،‫ واﻹﺿﺎءة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬،‫ وﺿﻮء اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬،‫واﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫ وﻗﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺪث آﺛﺎًرا اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ أﻳ‬،‫ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬-٣
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ ورﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء أو ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﻓﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ اﻷﺑﺤﺎث إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء ﺟﻴﺪة اﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻳﺴﺠﻠﻮن زﻳﺎدة‬.‫اﻟﺒﻴﻮت اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء‬
.‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ وأﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻨﺎﻣﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ وأﻃﻮل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬101 ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

388
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The word in the passage that is closest ‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬:1‫س‬
in meaning to "multiple" is_____ _____ ‫"ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة" ﻫﻲ‬
A. many ‫ ﻛﺜﻴﺮا ﻣﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: The word in the passage that is closest ‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬:٢‫س‬
in meaning to "constraint" is _____ _____ ‫إﻟﻰ"اﻟﻘﻴﺪ"ﻫﻲ‬
C. limit ‫ ﺣﺪ‬.‫ج‬

Q3: The word in the passage that is closest ‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬:٣‫س‬
in meaning to "guidelines" is _____ _____ ‫إﻟﻰ"إرﺷﺎدات"ﻫﻲ‬
B. instructions ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬.‫ب‬

389
 ✈ ‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮات ﺑﻮﻳﻨﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Boeing has been the premier manufacturer of commercial jetliners for decades. Today, the
company manufactures the 737, 747, 767, 777 and 787 families of airplanes and the Boeing
Business Jet range. New product development efforts include the Boeing 787-10 Dreamliner,
the 737 MAX, and the 777X. More than 10,000 Boeing-built commercial jetliners are in
service worldwide, which is almost half the world fleet .
2 -Buying your own Boeing plane does not come cheap. Their prices range from $89 million
to about $442 million. In reality, aircraft are usually acquired at less than the listed price, with
discounts ranging anywhere from 20% up to 60%. Boeing lists these prices as averages.
3- There are numerous factors that determine discounts and every deal has its unique
circumstances. Sometimes airlines and planemakers have long-term relationships which help
to offer more favorable discounts. Other influencing factors include order size, and airline
size. When bought at home, their prices are (Q1) modest, (Q2) but this does not apply to
international orders. (Q3) One thing doesn’t influence Boeing prices, though, the market
conditions.
‫ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﺎﺋﻼت‬،‫ اﻟﻴﻮم‬.‫ ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻮﻳﻨﺞ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺋﺮات اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﻘﻮد‬-١
‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺟﻬﻮد ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬.‫ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻮﻳﻨﺞ ﺑﻴﺰﻧﺲ ﺟﺖ‬787 ‫ و‬777 ‫ و‬767 ‫ و‬747 ‫ و‬737 ‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮات‬
‫ ﻃﺎﺋﺮة ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬10000 ‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬. X 777‫ و‬MAX 737‫ و‬Boeing 787-10 Dreamliner ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻃﺎﺋﺮات‬
.‫ أي ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ أﺳﻄﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬،‫ﻃﺮاز ﺑﻮﻳﻨﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
442 ‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن دوﻻر إﻟﻰ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬89 ‫ وﺗﺘﺮاوح أﺳﻌﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﺷﺮاء ﻃﺎﺋﺮة ﺑﻮﻳﻨﺞ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﺜﻤﻦ ﺑﺨﺲ‬-٢
‫ ﻣﻊ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺎت ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻓﻲ‬،‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺷﺮاء اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات ﺑﺴﻌﺮ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻌﺮ اﻟﻤﺪرج‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬.‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮن دوﻻر‬
.‫ ﺗﺴﺮد ﺑﻮﻳﻨﻎ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ﻛﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎت‬.٪60 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬٪20 ‫أي ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻦ‬
،‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن‬.‫ ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﺨﺼﻮﻣﺎت وﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻔﻘﺔ ﻇﺮوﻓﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬-٣
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻄﻴﺮان وﺷﺮﻛﺎت ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات ﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ اﻷﻣﺪ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺸﺮاء ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة اﻷؤ إرﻳﻚ درﻳﻜﺴﻠﺮﺧﺮى ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ وﺣﺠﻢ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻄﻴﺮان‬.‫ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ‬
‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺷﻲء واﺣﺪ ﻻ‬.‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺗﻜﻮن أﺳﻌﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻮاﺿﻌﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬
.‫ وﻫﻮ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺴﻮق‬،‫ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﻌﺎر ﺑﻮﻳﻨﺞ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What word does the writer use to talk ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬:1‫س‬
about the jetlines' prices at home? ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ أﺳﻌﺎر ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻴﺮان ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل؟‬
A. modest ‫ ﻣﺘﻮاﺿﻊ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: Which statement is a fact? ‫ أي ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬:٢‫س‬

D. It costs more to sell internationally. .‫ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻳﻜﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫د‬

Q3: What does Paragraph (3) tell us about ‫( ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﺋﺮات ﺑﻮﻳﻨﺞ‬3) ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺨﺒﺮﻧﺎ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٣‫س‬
Boeing jetliners? ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺔ؟‬
C. Their prices are independent of local .‫ أﺳﻌﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬.‫ج‬
market conditions.

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 🤓 ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ واﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Passage A
1- When a company has a vacancy, it has two options to fill it; internal or external
recruitment. The internal recruitment refers to promoting employees from within the same
organization to higher positions rather than bringing in new talent.
2- One of the most notable advantages of internal recruitment is more stability, safer
transition and lower costs. By promoting your pre-existing employees, you save all the money
and time attached to searching, interviewing, and selecting suitable new candidates.
3- (Q1) More importantly, if you adopt a policy of promoting your employees based on their
performance, they will be eager to work hard to win the promotion. This will increase the
levels of motivation amongst your employees. (Q2) Thus, you will keep your best employees,
and they will never venture to leave the company.
4- On the other hand, your current employees might be very experienced in their current
jobs. (Q3) However, if you are planning to promote them, they will need further training to
obtain the needed skills for their new tasks.
Passage B
5- External recruitment refers to an organization seeking to fill an open position with
someone who does not work at the company. Recruiters or hiring managers use external
sources to find available candidates. When you look outside your own company, you can
explore a much larger pool of candidates for your position. This can increase your chances of
finding a qualified, successful applicant. Having more potential hires can allow you to be
more selective and find candidates with the right education and experience for the job. It
also gives access to new fresh minds that will bring about innovative ideas from outside the
organization.
6- Despite its advantages, external recruiting can be costly as organizations may pay for a
recruiting service, memberships for job search sites and travel for long-distance candidates.
(Q4) It also involves background checks, interviewing, etc. the final step involves determining
successful applicants and job offers. All of these steps require allocating a significant amount
of the company’s resources, money, and time. (Q4) Moreover, looking externally for senior
positions can disincentivize top performers who feel they should be next in line and might
cause them to find another job elsewhere.
7- (Q3) External recruiting requires more training than internal recruiting which costs the
company additional time and money.

391
 ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ أ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺪى اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺷﺎﻏﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﺎران ﻟﻤﻠﺌﻪ؛ اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ أو اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺸﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ داﺧﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ أﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﻮاﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻦ أﺑﺮز ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار واﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻷﻛﺜﺮ أﻣﺎًﻧﺎ واﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬
‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻚ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺒًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺎل واﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ وإﺟﺮاء اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻼت‬
‫واﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺤﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺪد اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻷﻫﻢ‪ ،‬إذا ﺗﺒﻨﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻚ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ أداﺋﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮن ﺣﺮﻳﺼﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺎد‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻮز ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺆدي ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻚ‪ .‬وﻫﻜﺬا‪ ،‬ﺳﻮف ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻚ‪ ،‬وﻟﻦ ﻳﺠﺮؤوا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮك اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻚ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ ذوي ﺧﺒﺮة ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ وﻇﺎﺋﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬إذا‬
‫ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻮف ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮن إﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ ﻻﻛﺘﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﻬﺎرات اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﻬﺎﻣﻬﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ب‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﻣﻨﺼﺐ ﺷﺎﻏﺮ ﺑﺸﺨﺺ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻮ اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ أو ﻣﺪﻳﺮو اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺤﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻚ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺤﻴﻦ ﻟﻤﻨﺼﺒﻚ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬
‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪم ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺆﻫﻞ وﻧﺎﺟﺢ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻚ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ أن ﺗﻜﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ وأن ﺗﺠﺪ ﻣﺮﺷﺤﻴﻦ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ واﻟﺨﺒﺮة اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﻋﻘﻮل ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻬﺎ أن ﺗﺠﻠﺐ أﻓﻜﺎًرا ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬إﻻ أن اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻜﻠًﻔﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ وﻋﻀﻮﻳﺎت ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ واﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻟﻤﺮﺷﺤﻴﻦ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ وإﺟﺮاء اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻼت وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻷﺧﻴﺮة ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﻴﻦ‬
‫وﻋﺮوض اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺨﻄﻮات ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻗﺪر ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮارد اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ وأﻣﻮاﻟﻬﺎ ووﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻼوة‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺧﺎرﺟًﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺜﺒﻂ أﺻﺤﺎب اﻷداء اﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺰ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺸﻌﺮون ﺑﺄﻧﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﻗﺪ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن آﺧﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﴼ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻠﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ وﻗﺘﴼ وﻣﺎًﻻ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﻴﻦ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: According to Passage A, what facilitates ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ‬:١‫س‬
the internal recruitment process in some ‫ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ )أ(؟‬،‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت‬
companies?
C. Companies set policies for hiring their .‫ ﺗﻀﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ‬.‫ج‬
own employees.

Q2: According to Passages A and B, one of ‫ ﻓﺈن إﺣﺪى ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‬،B ‫ و‬A ‫ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ‬:٢‫س‬
the advantages of internal recruiting is ______ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻫﻲ‬
______
D. It helps companies retain the best ‫ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻞ‬.‫د‬
employees. .‫اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ‬

Q3: What can be understood from both ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ ﺣﻮل‬:٣‫س‬
passages about internal and external ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻨﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ؟‬
recruiting?
A. They both involve training employees. .‫ ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: Based on Passages A and B, what can ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬،‫ اﺳﺘﻨﺎًدا إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ أ و ب‬:٤‫س‬
we infer about recruiting? ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﺑﺸﺄن اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ؟‬
B. Recruiting good employees is a long .‫ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ ﺟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬.‫ب‬
process.

393
 💼 ‫ﺗﻜﺴﺎس‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Compensating differential is a term used in labour economics to investigate the relation
between the pay rate and the unpleasantness, risk, or other undesirable features of a
particular job. It is defined as the additional amount of income that a given worker must be
offered in order to motivate them to accept a given undesirable job. (Q1) It is an important
feature of choosing a career among other choices. For example, Oil workers stand to make an
impressive paycheck, even in entry-level positions. Salaries for an entry-level oil rig position,
such as a maintenance roustabout, average around $47,000 per year, with management
positions making well over $100,000 per year. Part of the reason for the high pay is to
difficult working conditions and risks associated with the job. Apart from their hard manual
labor, night shifts on the 24-hour operation, and the two weeks at sea, many of them might
be killed on the job. In 2008 alone, 120 workers in the oil and gas industry were killed on the
job. Alaska is a big oil producer. But Texas is still a much larger producer of oil and gas and
has far greater reserves. (Q2) Therefore, it’s much easier to be hired in Houston, Texas than in
Alaska, (Q3) but the salaries are not as high. Oil workers stand to make an impressive
paycheck.
2- In sports, compensating differentials explain the high salary of basketball players. This does
not depend on the unpleasantness or danger of the job but on the skills and talents of the
player. The better the player, the higher the salary. (Q4) What makes this work is the scarcity
of special basketball players.
3- Geographical compensating differentials are the difference in wages based on where you
work. (Q5) Many people are moving to California because of its clean air. It has been working
on cleaning its air since 2009. This means that more skilled workers will look for jobs in
California, and thus competition will be higher. The average salary in California is $111,622.
(Q6) Although the air is cleaner in Rochester, New York, the average salary is $67 thousand,
depending on many factors.
4- To sum up, a 'compensation differential' can be explained by many factors, such as
differences in the skills of the workers in those jobs, the country or geographical area in
which those jobs are performed, or the characteristics of the jobs themselves. (Q7) Thus, it
affects people’s choices in different areas.

394
 ‫‪ -١‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻷﺟﻮر‬
‫وﻋﺪم اﻟﺮﺿﺎ أو اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮة أو ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮب ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻪ ﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻮل وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻏﻮب ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬إﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻤﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻬﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻴﺎرات أﺧﺮى‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﻂ أن ﻳﺤﺼﻠﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ راﺗﺐ ﻣﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﻺﻋﺠﺎب‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‪ .‬رواﺗﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺤﻔﺎر اﻟﻨﻔﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺪﺋﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻬﺎ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 47000‬دوﻻر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ إدارﻳﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ أﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 100000‬دوﻻر ﺳﻨﻮًﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻷﺟﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ واﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺼﺮف اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ اﻟﻴﺪوي اﻟﺸﺎق‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻨﺎوﺑﺎت اﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮق ‪ 24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ُﻳﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ 2008‬وﺣﺪه‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﻲ ‪ 120‬ﻋﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﺠﺎ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﻨﻔﻂ واﻟﻐﺎز ﻣﺼﺮﻋﻬﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬اﻻﺳﻜﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻧﻔﻂ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻜﺴﺎس ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﻣﻨﺘ ً‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻂ واﻟﻐﺎز وﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺎت أﻛﺒﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ أن ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﺴﺎس ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ أﻻﺳﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺮواﺗﺐ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﻜﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺴﺮ اﻟﻔﺮوق اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﻀﻴﺔ اﻟﺮاﺗﺐ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻟﻼﻋﺒﻲ ﻛﺮة اﻟﺴﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫أو ﺧﻄﻮرة اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺎرات وﻣﻮاﻫﺐ اﻟﻼﻋﺐ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻼﻋﺐ أﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن اﻟﺮاﺗﺐ أﻋﻠﻰ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮاﺗﺐ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺪرة ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﻛﺮة اﻟﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰﻳﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻓﺮوق اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻲ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻷﺟﻮر ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﻚ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﻮاءﻫﺎ اﻟﻨﻈﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺎم ‪ .2009‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻬﺮة ﺳﻴﺒﺤﺜﻮن ﻋﻦ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ أﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺮاﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ ﻫﻮ ‪ 111.622‬دوﻻر‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻬﻮاء أﻧﻈﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ روﺗﺸﺴﺘﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك‪ ،‬إﻻ أن ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺮاﺗﺐ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 67‬أﻟﻒ دوﻻر‪ ،‬اﻋﺘﻤﺎًدا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪة ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ "ﻓﺮق اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ" ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﺎرات اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺒﻠﺪ أو اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗﺆدى ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‪ ،‬أو ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت‪.‬‬

‫‪395‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which statment gives the main idea of ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬:١‫س‬
paragraph A? ‫أ؟‬
C. Compensating differential is a feature of ‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺳﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻤﺎت اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎرات‬.‫ج‬
other choices as well as career choices. .‫اﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻴﺎرات اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬

Q2: What information does the first ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ‬:٢‫س‬
paragraph give about Houston, Texas? ‫ ﺗﻜﺴﺎس؟‬،‫ﻋﻦ ﻫﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ‬
A. It is easier to work there than in Alaska. .‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﻨﺎك أﺳﻬﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ أﻻﺳﻜﺎ‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What is true about oil field workers in ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺸﺄن ﻋﻤﺎل ﺣﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻓﻲ‬:٣‫س‬
Alaska? ‫أﻻﺳﻜﺎ؟‬
C. They have better salaries than Houston .‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ رواﺗﺐ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺎل ﻫﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ‬.‫ج‬
workers.

Q4: Why do basketball players have high ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﻻﻋﺒﻮ ﻛﺮة اﻟﺴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ رواﺗﺐ‬:٤‫س‬
salaries? ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ؟‬
B. There are few excellent players. .‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻼﻋﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺎزﻳﻦ‬.‫ب‬

Q5: What does the third paragraph tell us ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺨﺒﺮﻧﺎ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ؟‬:٥‫س‬
about California?
B. It has good air quality. .‫ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺟﻮدة ﻫﻮاء ﺟﻴﺪة‬.‫ب‬

Q6: What does Paragraph (3) say about ‫( ﻋﻦ روﺗﺸﺴﺘﺮ؟‬3) ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٦‫س‬
Rochester?
D. There is less air pollution there than in ‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺗﻠﻮث ﻫﻮاء أﻗﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬.‫د‬
California. .‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ‬

Q7: What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:٧‫س‬
A. Compensating differentials have an ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺮوق ﻟﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻴﺎرات ﺣﻴﺎة‬.‫أ‬
effect on people’s life choices. .‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬

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 🔬 ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Geckos are reptiles that inhabit temperate and tropical regions. There are over 1,000
different species of geckos. They can be a variety of colors. Geckos are omnivorous, feeding
on a variety of foods, including insects and worms. Most gecko species can climb walls and
other surfaces.
2- Geckos have one of the most unique climbing adaptations of any animal, and scientists are
examining the source of this ability to see if human technology could one day achieve
something similar.
3- Geckos are able to cling to almost any surface, no matter how smooth or rough it is. They
are also able to detach quickly and easily from these surfaces as they climb. This climbing
ability is due to tiny hairs, called setae, on the bottoms of their feet that can only be seen
with a microscope. Each hair branches off into even smaller fibers. (Q1) Each gecko has about
two million setae under each toe! When the gecko places its foot on a surface such as glass,
these hairs cling to the surface and (Q2) form intermolecular bonds, called Van der Waals
bonds, with the molecules of that surface. These bonds are strong enough to hold the gecko
in place even if it walks upside down on glass, but can be broken easily when the gecko lifts
up its foot.
4- Researchers have developed a nanotech superglue modeled on the minute structures on
gecko feet that allow the lizards to scamper up sheer surfaces. They say the new glue is three
times stronger than previous gecko-inspired glues, and ten times stickier than the lizards
themselves.
5- The term "nanotechnology" was coined during the eighties and nineties (Q3) when Eric
Drexler, started using the term “nano.”
‫ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ‬1000 ‫ ﻫﻨﺎك أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺺ ﻫﻲ زواﺣﻒ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ واﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‬-١
‫ أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت أﻛﻼت اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻮان‬.‫ﺣﻴﻮان أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺺ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ‬.‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﺸﺮات واﻟﺪﻳﺪان‬، ‫ وﺗﺘﻐﺬى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ‬،‫واﻟﻠﺤﻮم‬
.‫أﻧﻮاع أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺺ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ اﻟﺠﺪران واﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
‫ وﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻫﺬه‬،‫ ﻟﺪى أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺺ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻜﻴﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻖ ﺗﻤﻴًﺰا ﻋﻦ أي ﺣﻴﻮان‬-٢
.‫ﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻷﻳﺎم‬
ً ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺷﻴًﺌﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑ‬
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪى ﺳﻼﺳﺘﻪ أو ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺘﻪ‬،‫ اﻷﺑﺮاص ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻟﺘﺼﺎق ﺑﺄي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ‬-٣
‫ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻖ إﻟﻰ‬.‫ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎل ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ وﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺳﻄﺢ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺻﻌﻮدﻫﺎ‬
.‫ ﺗﺘﻔﺮع ﻛﻞ ﺷﻌﺮة إﻟﻰ أﻟﻴﺎف أﺻﻐﺮ‬.‫وﺟﻮد ﺷﻌﻴﺮات ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎع أﻗﺪاﻣﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳﺘﻬﺎ إﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻞ أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺺ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻞ إﺻﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ أﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ! ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻀﻊ أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺺ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ رواﺑﻂ‬،‫ ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺸﻌﻴﺮات ﺗﺘﺸﺒﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻄﺢ وﺗﺸﻜﻞ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺰﺟﺎج‬
‫ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ‬.‫ ﻣﻊ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬،‫ﻓﺎن دﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﻟﺲ‬
.‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻛﺴﺮ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺺ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ‬،‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰﺟﺎج‬
‫ ﻃﻮر اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻏﺮاًء ﻓﺎﺋًﻘﺎ ﺑﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮار اﻟﺸﻌﻴﺮات اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻗﺪام أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺺ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬-٤
‫ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮن إن اﻟﺼﻤﻎ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ أﻗﻮى ﺑﺜﻼث ﻣﺮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮاء اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬.‫ﻟﻠﺴﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬
.‫ وأﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺸﺮ ﻣﺮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﺣﻰ ﻣﻦ أﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺺ‬

397
 ‫‪ -٥‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ "ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ" ﺧﻼل اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﻴﺎت واﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮان اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎن إرﻳﻚ درﻳﻜﺴﻠﺮ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي ﺑﺪأ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ "اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: How many hairs does a gecko have at‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺸﻌﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ أﺳﻔﻞ ﻛﻞ إﺻﺒﻊ؟‬
‫?‪the bottom of each toe‬‬
‫‪B. around two million‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫‪Q2: What are the forces that allow geckos‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻸﺑﺮاص ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻠﻖ‬
‫?‪to climb upside down on glass called‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰﺟﺎج؟‬ ‫رأ ً‬
‫‪D. Van der Waals forces‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻗﻮات ﻓﺎن دﻳﺮ ﻓﺎل‬

‫‪Q3: Who started using the popular phrase‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺸﺄن ﻋﻤﺎل ﺣﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻓﻲ‬
‫?"‪"nano‬‬ ‫أﻻﺳﻜﺎ؟‬
‫‪A. Eric Drexler‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬إرﻳﻚ درﻳﻜﺴﻠﺮ‬

‫‪398‬‬
 ⚡ ‫اﻷﻣﺎزون‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Tiny particles fuel powerful storms and influence weather much more than has been
appreciated, according to a study in the Jan. 26 issue of the journal Science.
2- The research focuses on the power of minute airborne particles known as aerosols, which
can come from urban and industrial air pollution, wildfires and other sources. While scientists
have known that aerosols may play an important role in shaping weather and climate, the
new study shows that the smallest of particles have an outsize effect. (Q1) Particles smaller
than one-thousandth the width of a human hair can cause storms to intensify, clouds to grow
and more rain to fall.
3- (Q2) "We showed that the presence of these particles is one reason why some storms
become so strong and produce so much rain. In a warm and humid area where atmospheric
conditions are otherwise very clean, the intrusion of very small particles can make quite an
impact," said Jiwen Fan of the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,
who is lead author of the paper in Science. Fan led 21 authors from 15 institutions around
the world to do the study.
4- The study capitalized on data from an area of the Amazon that is pristine except for the
region around (Q3) Manaus, the largest city in the Amazon, with a population of more than 2
million people and (Q4) one of the most polluted cities. The setting gave scientists the rare
opportunity to look at the impact of pollution on atmospheric processes in a largely pre-
industrial environment and pinpoint the effects of the particles apart from other factors such
as temperature and humidity.
5- In this study, scientists studied the role of ultrafine particles less than 50 nanometers wide
in the development of thunderstorms. Similar but larger particles are known to play a role in
feeding powerful, fast-moving updrafts of air from the land surface to the atmosphere,
creating the clouds that play a central role in the formation of water droplets that fall as rain.
6- Through detailed computer simulations, the scientists showed how the smaller particles
have a powerful impact on storm clouds.
7- It turns out that when larger particles aren't present high in a warm and humid
environment, it spells opportunity for the smaller particles to act and form cloud droplets.
The low concentration of large particles contributes to high levels of excessive water vapor,
with relative humidity that can go well beyond 100 percent. That's a key condition spurring
ultrafine particles to transform into cloud droplets.
8- While the particles are small in size, they are large in number, and they can form many
small droplets on which the excess water vapor condenses. That enhanced condensation
releases more heat, and that heat makes the updrafts much more powerful: More warm air
is pulled into the clouds, pulling more droplets aloft and producing more ice and snow
pellets, lightning, and rain.
9- The result: "Invigorated convection," as Fan says -- and stronger storms.

399
‫‪10- “We've shown that under clean and humid conditions, like those that exist over the‬‬
‫‪ocean and some land in the tropics, tiny aerosols have a big impact on weather and climate‬‬
‫‪and can intensify storms a great deal," said Fan, an expert on the effects of pollution on‬‬
‫‪storms and weather. "More broadly, the results suggest that from pre-industrial to the‬‬
‫‪present day, human activity possibly may have changed storms in these regions in powerful‬‬
‫‪ways".‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ اﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ وﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪد ‪ 26‬ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء واﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻬﺒﺎء اﻟﺠﻮي‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ واﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﺣﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ واﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‪ ،‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء أن اﻟﻬﺒﺎء اﻟﺠﻮي ﻗﺪ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ دوًرا ﻣﻬ ً‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة أن أﺻﻐﺮ اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮة اﻹﻧﺴﺎن أن ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﺷﺘﺪاد اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ وﺗﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻐﻴﻮم وﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻄﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﺪا وﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫‪" -٣‬ﻟﻘﺪ أﻇﻬﺮﻧﺎ أن وﺟﻮد ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺟ ً‬
‫ﺪا‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻄﺎر‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ داﻓﺌﺔ ورﻃﺒﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﺟ ً‬
‫ﺪا ﺗﺄﺛﻴًﺮا ﻛﺒﻴًﺮا‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل ﺟﻴﻮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﻬﺎدئ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة ﺟ ً‬
‫ﻟﻮزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎدت اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻧﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﺎزون ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺎوس‪ ،‬أﻛﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﺎزون‪ ،‬وﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﻧﺴﻤﺔ وﻫﻲ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻠﻮًﺛﺎ‪ .‬أﻋﻄﻰ‬
‫اﻹﻋﺪاد اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻧﺎدرة ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت ﺑﺼﺮف اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﺜﻞ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‪ ،‬درس اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء دور اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ‪ 50‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘًﺮا ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ دوًرا ﻓﻲ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ اﻟﺮﻋﺪﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف أن اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﺣﺠ ً‬
‫ﻗﻮى ﺻﺎﻋﺪة ﻗﻮﻳﺔ وﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض إﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﻠﻖ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ دوًرا رﺋﻴﺴًﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﺮات اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬أﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴًﺮا ﻗﻮًﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﻮم اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬اﺗﻀﺢ أﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ داﻓﺌﺔ ورﻃﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت‬
‫اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ وﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻗﻄﺮات اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ رﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز ‪ 100‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﺮط اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﻳﺤﻔﺰ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻮل إﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﺮات ﺳﺤﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أن اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت ﺻﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‪ ،‬إﻻ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة اﻟﻌﺪد‪ ،‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺮات‬
‫ﺴﻦ إﻟﻰ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮارة‪،‬‬‫اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻜﺜﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺆدي ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻜﺜﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺤ ّ‬
‫وﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﻓﺊ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺮات ﻋﺎﻟﻴﴼ وإﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ واﻟﺜﻠﺞ واﻟﺒﺮق واﻟﻤﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‪" :‬ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺮاري" ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮل ﻓﺎن ‪ -‬وﻋﻮاﺻﻒ أﻗﻮى‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺨﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﺎن‪" ،‬ﻟﻘﺪ أﻇﻬﺮﻧﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻇﻞ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ واﻟﺮﻃﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫وﺑﻌﺾ اﻷراﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻬﺒﺎء اﻟﺠﻮي اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ واﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬
‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﻒ اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة"‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ آﺛﺎر اﻟﺘﻠﻮث ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ واﻟﻄﻘﺲ‪" .‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻄﺎق أوﺳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ إﻟﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا‪ ،‬رﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﺒﺸﺮي ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻄﺮق ﻗﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬:١‫س‬
C. effects of aerosol use on weather in the ‫ آﺛﺎر اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻬﺒﺎء اﻟﺠﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ج‬
Amazon ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻷﻣﺎزون‬

Q2: What is one important idea related to ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬:٢‫س‬
ultrafine particles that the writer mentions ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
in Paragraph (3)? ‫(؟‬3) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
D. They help produce bigger storms in the ‫ إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪاث ﻋﻮاﺻﻒ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬.‫د‬
Amazon. .‫اﻷﻣﺎزون‬

Q3: What important information about the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬:٣‫س‬
research study does the writer mention in ‫(؟‬4) ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
paragraphs (4)?
A. Manaus is in the Amazon. .‫ ﻣﺎﻧﺎوس ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﺎزون‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What is Manaus an example of? ‫ إن ﻣﺎﻧﺎوس ﻣﺜﺎﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ؟‬:٤‫س‬

B. an area with high pollution ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث‬.‫ب‬

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 🤓 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﻮدة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- ISO is an independent, non-governmental international organization with a membership of
167 national standards bodies. The quest to define international standards is closely linked to
the growth in international trade that occurred in the 20th and 21st centuries. When
products are made according to different standards there is a risk that a product that meets
the standard in one country won’t meet the standard in another. This raises the risk of buying
goods from suppliers around the world, hence hindering trade. Therefore, (Q1) ISO standards
were created and developed to set global standards for quality.
2- Standardization is a framework of (Q2) agreements between governments and businesses.
These agreements state that all companies must adhere to the set standards to ensure that
all processes associated with the creation of a good or performance of a service are
performed within set guidelines. They ensure that all products of the same category are
created to the same specifications between different facilities or companies.
3- For example, the wood products industry participates in international standards to
maintain consistency of like products. This can include references to acceptable product
sizing, water-solubility, grading, and composite properties. These standards ensure that when
a person goes to a retail store to purchase an item, such as a two-by-four, the sizing is
consistent regardless of the store visited or the product manufacturer.
4- (Q3) In fact, standardization also helps in ensuring the safety, interoperability, and
compatibility of goods produced. They give world-class specifications for products, services
and systems to ensure quality, safety and efficiency. (Q4) Although they provide many benefits
to the general public, they are very beneficial to businesses, as well.
5- Isabelle Ledoux, BDC Consultant, advises entrepreneurs on getting ISO and other standards
because they promote best practices, help a business become more productive, keep the
customers happy and (Q5) improve revenues (money an organization gets from its business).
‫ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﻟﺴﻌﻲ‬.‫ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ وﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬167 ‫ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ دوﻟﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬ISO -1
‫ﻃﺎ وﺛﻴًﻘﺎ ﺑﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺬي ﺣﺪث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ واﻟﺤﺎدي‬
ً ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ارﺗﺒﺎ‬
‫ ﻓﻬﻨﺎك ﺧﻄﺮ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ أن اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺬي‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﻫﺬا ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺷﺮاء اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮردﻳﻦ‬.‫ﻳﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻠﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪ آﺧﺮ‬
‫ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ISO ‫ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎء وﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﻌﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﺠﻮدة‬
‫ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻫﺬه اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫ اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻮ إﻃﺎر ﻟﻼﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت واﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت‬-2
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء ﺳﻠﻌﺔ أو‬
‫ إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ أن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬.‫أداء ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ إرﺷﺎدات ﻣﺤﺪدة‬
.‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت أو اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﺸﺎرك ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺗﺴﺎق‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬-3
‫ وﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺬوﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ‬،‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ إﺷﺎرات إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ أﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﺠﺮ ﺑﻴﻊ‬.‫ واﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬،‫ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬
‫ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑًﺘﺎ ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻤﺖ زﻳﺎرﺗﻪ أو‬،‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ أرﺑﻌﺔ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ ﻟﺸﺮاء ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬
.‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬

402
‫ﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻤﺎن ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ وﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ أﻳ ً‬
‫وﺗﻮاﻓﻘﻬﺎ‪ .‬أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن اﻟﺠﻮدة واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻟﻜﻔﺎءة‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺪا ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎت أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس‪ ،‬إﻻ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﻴﺪة ﺟ ً‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺗﻨﺼﺢ إﻳﺰاﺑﻴﻞ ﻟﻴﺪوﻛﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎرة ‪ ،BDC‬رواد اﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ISO‬وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ أﺧﺮى ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺮوج‬
‫ﻷﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت‪ ،‬وﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ أﻛﺜﺮ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﺳﻌﺪاء وﺗﺤﺴﻦ اﻹﻳﺮادات‬
‫)اﻷﻣﻮال اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: How was the problem of different‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻢ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻮرات اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫?‪perceptions of quality solved‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻮدة؟‬
‫‪A. People created ISO and developed‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬أﻧﺸﺄ اﻟﻨﺎس ‪ ISO‬وﻃﻮروا ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﻮدة‪.‬‬
‫‪standards of quality.‬‬

‫‪Q2: What does Paragraph (2) say about‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪ (2‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺲ؟‬
‫?‪standardization‬‬
‫‪D. It is a result of agreements between‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬إﻧﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت واﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪business and governments.‬‬

‫‪Q3: Why does the writer use the phrase in‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫?)‪fact in Paragraph (4‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪(4‬؟‬
‫‪C. to give more information about the‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻹﻋﻄﺎء ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
‫‪importance of the international ISO‬‬ ‫‪ ISO‬اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪standards‬‬

‫‪Q4: Which word can replace the word‬‬ ‫س‪ :٤‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫?)‪(Although) in Paragraph (4‬‬ ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪(4‬؟‬
‫‪B. However‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬

‫‪Q5: What does the writer think is an added‬‬ ‫س‪ :٥‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﺰة إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫?‪advantage of ISO certification‬‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻬﺎدة ‪ISO‬؟‬
‫‪A. He thinks the process of certification‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫‪helps companies save money by improving‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬
‫‪their processes.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪403‬‬
 📑 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP are the standardized set of principles
that public companies in the U.S. must follow. Thorough investment research requires an
assessment of both GAAP and adjusted results (non-GAAP), but investors should carefully
consider the validity of non-GAAP exclusions on a case-by-case basis. The reason is to avoid
misleading (Q1) reported figures.
2- However, non-standard accounting practices have been gaining in popularity among
Canadian publicly traded companies. Issuers that rely solely on standard accounting metrics
now make up a small minority of the companies.
3- Many issuers believe that non-standard measures are a better reflection of performance
than Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) as they give the companies the right
(Q2) to choose which results to show. Yet there are growing concerns that non-GAAP
measures are being used (Q3) to inflate earnings and present a more positive picture of
financial performance.
4- The most (Q4) generally noted concern with non-GAAP measures is that they may appear to
inflate earnings artificially. For some Canadian issuers, the result is a large gap between
adjusted and non-adjusted earnings. An additional concern is that because these measures
are non-standard, it may be difficult for investors to understand how they are calculated. This
means they may also vary from company to company, rendering comparisons difficult.
‫ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻮﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت‬GAAP ‫ أو‬،‫ ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻮًﻣﺎ‬-١
‫ﻤﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎري اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻘﻴﻴ‬.‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬،(‫اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﴼ واﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ )ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﴼ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎءات ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﴼ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس‬
.‫ واﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﻷرﻗﺎم اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪة‬
‫ ﻓﻘﺪ اﻛﺘﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻜﻨﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺪاوﻟﺔ‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬-٢
‫ﻤﺼﺪرون اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪون ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻳﺸﻜﻠﻮن اﻵن أﻗﻠﻴﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ‬ ُ ‫ اﻟ‬.‫ﻋﻠًﻨﺎ‬
.‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت‬
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪرﻳﻦ أن اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻧﻌﻜﺎس أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻸداء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﺎدئ‬-٣
‫ وﻣﻊ‬.‫( ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﻨﺢ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ‬GAAP) ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻮًﻣﺎ‬
‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﺨﺎوف ﻣﺘﺰاﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺪاﺑﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﴼ‬،‫ذﻟﻚ‬
.‫ﻟﺘﻀﺨﻴﻢ اﻷرﺑﺎح وﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺻﻮرة أﻛﺜﺮ إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻸداء اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮًﻋﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺮاءات ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﴼ‬-٤
‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺼﺪرﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻨﺪﻳﻴﻦ‬.‫ﻓﻲ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﺪو وﻛﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻀﺨﻢ اﻷرﺑﺎح ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺼﻄﻨﻊ‬
‫ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻗﻠﻖ إﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻫﻮ أﻧﻪ ﻧﻈًﺮا ﻷن ﻫﺬه‬.‫ﻫﻲ وﺟﻮد ﻓﺠﻮة ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷرﺑﺎح اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬
‫ ﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﻬﺎ‬.‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺎت ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬،‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺧﺮى‬ ً ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ أﻳ‬

404
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The word reported in Paragraph (1) is ‫( ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب‬1) ‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ وﺿﺢ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:١‫س‬
closest in meaning to _____ _____ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬
B. explained ‫ ﺷﺮح‬.‫ب‬

Q2: According to the text, what is one ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬،‫ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺺ‬:٢‫س‬
important effect of non-standard ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ؟‬
accounting?
D. It allows companies to choose the .‫ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬.‫د‬
results they show.

Q3: What is the reason for companies ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ إﺧﻔﺎء اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬:٣‫س‬
hiding some business costs? ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ؟‬
A. It makes them seem more successful. ً ‫ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺒﺪون أﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺠﺎ‬.‫أ‬
.‫ﺣﺎ‬

Q4: The word generally in Paragraph (4) is ‫( ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ‬4) ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‬:٤‫س‬
closest in meaning to _____ _____ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬
C. usually. .‫ ﻋﺎدة‬.‫ج‬

405
 💿 ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Software licensing helps protect the software company and the end-user. Using unlicensed
software is illegal and can cost you time and money. Most software is licensed, not sold,
meaning there are terms the end-user must follow. The terms and conditions are often
described in the Software License Agreement and usually include rules and restrictions on
using the software: how long you can use the software (e.g., 12 months), how many
computers you can install it on, and what types of uses are permitted (e.g., educational vs.
commercial use). It also includes restrictions on reverse engineering, selling, or transferring
the software.
2- If an end-user violates the terms of the software agreement, they could lose the right to
use the software or be forced to pay a fine. Individuals and organizations should read and
fully understand the terms of the software license and ensure compliance.
3- (Q1) Software licensing is very beneficial for the customers. (Q2) First and foremost, it
protects companies against piracy. Using unlicensed software is considered software piracy.
Software piracy refers to the unauthorized use, duplication, or distribution of copyrighted
software. The copyright owners can take legal action against you, and the government can
force you to pay damages. Some people think they won't get caught using unlicensed
software. Unfortunately, they are mistaken.
4- Companies have a financial incentive to fight against software violations. (Q2) According to
the Business Software Alliance ("BSA"), software companies lose about $46 billion per year
due to unlicensed software. There are tools and services that identify unlicensed software
users and help companies recover revenue.
5- Licensed software decreases the risk of cybersecurity incidents. Reports have shown that
people and organizations who use unlicensed PC software generally encounter more
malware than those who don't. Because cybercriminals can pre-install or embed malware in
the software and use it to gain unauthorized access to your information, (Q3) a lot of people
who buy software prefer licensed software. In fact, a survey conducted by BSA revealed that
users rated malware among the top three reasons to avoid unlicensed software.
6- Licensed software can save money and increase efficiency. According to the BSA, fixing
problems with malware from unlicensed software can cost more than $10,000 per infected
computer.
‫ ﻳﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ‬.‫ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬-١
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺮﺧﺼﺔ أﻣًﺮا ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻠﻔﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﻟﻤﺎل‬
‫ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ وﺻﻒ اﻟﺒﻨﻮد واﻟﺸﺮوط ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻃﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ اﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺷﺮو‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬:‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ وﻋﺎدًة ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ وﻗﻴﻮًدا ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
،‫ وﻋﺪد أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬،(‫ ﺷﻬًﺮا‬12 ،‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
.(‫ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺠﺎري‬،‫وأﻧﻮاع اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
.‫ﻀﺎ ﻗﻴﻮًدا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺒﻴﻊ أو ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
ً ‫وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ أﻳ‬

406
‫‪ -٢‬إذا اﻧﺘﻬﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺷﺮوط اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ أو ﻳﻀﻄﺮ‬
‫إﻟﻰ دﻓﻊ ﻏﺮاﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻓﺮاد واﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﻗﺮاءة ﺷﺮوط ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ وﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ وﺿﻤﺎن‬
‫اﻻﻣﺘﺜﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﺪا ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻼء‪ .‬أوًﻻ وﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‪ ،‬إﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﻤﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬‫ﺪا ﺟ ً‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﻔﻴ ً‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﻗﺮﺻﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺻﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ إﻟﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﺮح ﺑﻪ أو‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺦ أو اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﺮح ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻄﺒﻊ واﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬
‫واﻟﻨﺸﺮ اﺗﺨﺎذ إﺟﺮاءات ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺿﺪك‪ ،‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ أن ﺗﺠﺒﺮك ﻋﻠﻰ دﻓﻊ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻀﺎت‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫أﻧﻬﻢ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺴﻮء اﻟﺤﻆ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﻣﺨﻄﺌﻮن‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻓﺰ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﺤﺎرﺑﺔ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻛﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت‪ .‬وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟـ)"‪، Business Software Alliance ("BSA‬‬
‫ﺗﺨﺴﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 46‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎر دوﻻر ﺳﻨﻮًﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺧﺼﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎك أدوات وﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪد ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺧﺼﻴﻦ وﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺮداد اﻹﻳﺮادات‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﻘﻠﻞ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺣﻮادث اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‪ .‬أﻇﻬﺮت اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ أن اﻷﺷﺨﺎص واﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﻳﻮاﺟﻬﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺿﺎرة أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪ .‬ﻧﻈًﺮا ﻷن ﻣﺠﺮﻣﻲ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺿﺎرة ﻣﺴﺒًﻘﺎ أو ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ وﺻﻮل ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺮح ﺑﻪ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺸﺘﺮون اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺮﺧﺼﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﻔﺖ دراﺳﺔ اﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ أﺟﺮﺗﻬﺎ ‪ BSA‬أن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﺻّﻨﻔﻮا اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻀﺎرة ﺿﻤﻦ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺧﺼﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺎل وزﻳﺎدة اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة‪ .‬وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟـ ‪ ،BSA‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻠﻒ إﺻﻼح ﻣﺸﻜﻼت‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻀﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺧﺼﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 10000‬دوﻻر ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺼﺎب‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: Which of the following is the writer's‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
‫?‪opinion‬‬
‫‪C. Software licensing brings many‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻳﺠﻠﺐ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺰاﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪advantages to the customer.‬‬

‫‪Q2: What can we understand from the‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺺ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫?‪passage about software piracy‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ؟‬
‫‪B. It is the main reason software companies‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺎت‬
‫‪prefer licensing.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت ﺗﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺧﻴﺺ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q3: What can we understand from the‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻦ‬
‫‪passage about a lot of people who‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺸﺘﺮون اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ؟‬
‫?‪purchase software‬‬
‫‪D. They like having a software license‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬إﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺤﺒﻮن اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬
‫‪agreement.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬‬

‫‪407‬‬
 🧪 ‫ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺤﻔﺎز اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- In Chemistry, catalysts are defined as those substances which alter the rate of reaction by
changing the path of reaction. Most of the time a catalyst is used to help a reaction (Q1)
undergo an increase in its speed or in its rate. However, if we go to a deeper level, catalysts
are used to break or rebuild the chemical bonds between the atoms which are present in the
molecules of different elements or compounds. In essence, catalysts encourage molecules to
react and make the whole reaction process easier and efficient.
2- The reaction which involves a catalyst in their system is known as a catalytic reaction. In
other words, catalytic action is a chemical reaction between the catalyst and a reactant. This
results in the formation of chemical intermediates that can further react quite readily with
each other or with another reactant to form a product. However, when the reaction between
the chemical intermediates and the reactants occurs or takes place the catalyst is
regenerated.
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺎدة إﻟﻰ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ وﺳﻮف ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪوث زﻳﺎدة ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬-١
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰات ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ وﻣﻊ‬.‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺤﻔﺰ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ أو ﻣﻌﺪﻟﻪ‬.‫ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰات ﻟﻜﺴﺮ أو إﻋﺎدة ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬،‫ إذا اﻧﺘﻘﻠﻨﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى أﻋﻤﻖ‬،‫ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﺗﺸﺠﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰات اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎس‬.‫اﻟﺬرات اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ أو اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ وﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ أﺳﻬﻞ وأﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻔﺎءة‬
‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬،‫ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ آﺧﺮ‬.‫ ُﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻔﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰي‬-٢
‫ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد وﺳﻴﻄﺔ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬.‫اﻟﺤﻔﺎز ﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰ واﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ أو ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ‬
.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰ‬،‫ﻳﺤﺪث اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻄﺔ واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ أو ﻳﺤﺪث‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The word undergo is closest in _____ ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺑـ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬:١‫س‬
meaning to _____
B. experience ‫ ﻳﺠﺮب‬.‫ب‬

408
 📃 ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة أو دﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Evidence is information or materials relevant to proving the facts of your case to the court.
This may include information that doesn’t support your case – information that may end up
helping the other side.
2- If you start a civil claim you have to prove the facts that form the basis of your claim unless
your opponent agrees with (or admits) some or all of them. You do this by collecting and
providing the court with relevant information. This information is called evidence.
3- It isn’t enough for you to say you know or believe something is true. If you want the court
to decide in your favour you need evidence to support what you say happened, why it’s the
defendant’s (Q1) liability, the loss the defendant has caused you, and the costs and expenses
you have had to pay.
4- Evidence gives the court a reason for believing that: something did or did not happen. It
clearly proves whether someone other than the defendant caused the problem, you have
suffered the losses or expenses you claim or whether the defendant should compensate the
defendant for their loss.
‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻻ‬.‫ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت أو ﻣﻮاد ذات ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺈﺛﺒﺎت وﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﻗﻀﻴﺘﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬-١
.‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻄﺮف اﻵﺧﺮ‬- ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻚ‬
‫ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻚ إﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎس دﻋﻮاك ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻮاﻓﻖ ﺧﺼﻤﻚ )أو‬،‫ إذا ﺑﺪأت دﻋﻮى ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬-٢
.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ وﺗﺰوﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬.‫ﻳﻌﺘﺮف( ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ أو ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻷدﻟﺔ‬
،‫ إذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ أن ﺗﻘﺮر ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻚ‬.‫ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ أن ﺗﻘﻮل إﻧﻚ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ أو ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن ﺷﻴًﺌﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬-٣
‫ واﻟﺨﺴﺎرة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﺒﻬﺎ‬،‫ وﻟﻤﺎذا ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮل أﻧﻪ ﺣﺪث‬
.‫ واﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ واﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻴﻚ دﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬،‫ﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ إﻧﻪ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن‬.‫ ﺣﺪث ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ أو ﻟﻢ ﻳﺤﺪث‬:‫ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺳﺒًﺒﺎ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﺄن‬-٤
‫ أو أﻧﻚ ﺗﻜﺒﺪت اﻟﺨﺴﺎﺋﺮ أو اﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻬﺎ أو‬،‫ﺷﺨﺺ آﺧﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺴﺎرﺗﻪ‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The word liability in Paragraph (3) is ‫( ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬3) ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:١‫س‬
closest in meaning to _____ _____ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬
A. fault. ‫ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬.‫أ‬

409
 🦅 ‫اﻟﻄﻴﻮر اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- (Q1) Giant birds of the past have names that speak for themselves. (Q2) The elephant bird, a
native of Madagascar and the largest known giant bird, stood at over nine feet tall and
weighed in at a whopping 1,000 pounds or more, until it went extinct about 1,000 years ago.
Australia’s mihirung, nicknamed “thunder bird,” which disappeared nearly 50,000 years ago,
is thought to have been nearly seven feet tall and weighed between 500 and 1,000 pounds.
But until now, no one had ever found evidence of these (Q1) towering avians in Europe.
2- A team of paleontologists dug up the fossil—(Q3) an unusually large femur—in Taurida
Cave, located on the Crimean Peninsula in the northern Black Sea. The cave was only
discovered last June when the construction of a new highway revealed its entrance. Initial
expeditions last summer led to exciting finds, including the bones and teeth of extinct
mammoth relatives. Of course, the team didn’t expect to find large birds, since there had
never been evidence of their existence in Europe.
3- “When these bones reached me, I felt like I was holding something belonging to elephant
birds from Madagascar,” paleontologist Nikita Zelenkov of the Borissiak Paleontological
Institute, who lead the study, says in an email. “This was the most surprising [part] for me,
such an incredible size. We did not expect [that]”.
4- Based on the femur’s dimensions, the team calculated that the bird would have weighed
around 992 pounds—as much as an adult polar bear—making it the third largest bird ever
recorded.
5- (Q4) Although the bone was similar in size to an elephant bird’s femur, it was more slender
and elongated, like a larger version of the modern ostrich (Struthio camelus). “The main
difference from Struthio is the notable robustness. There are also some less visible details,
like the shape or orientation of particular surfaces, which indicate a different morphology
from ostriches,” Zelenkov says.
6- The femur’s shape also gives us clues about what the world was like when Pachystruthio
was alive. Its similarities to the bones of a modern ostrich suggest that enormous bird was a
good runner, which could imply that it lived among large carnivorous mammals like the giant
cheetah or saber-toothed cats. This idea is supported by the earlier findings of nearby bones
and fossils.
7- Perhaps most notably, the team hypothesizes that Pachystruthio was present when Homo
erectus arrived in Europe during the Early Pleistocene and possibly arrived via the same
route. Knowing that the two ancient species could have coexisted introduces a world of new
questions for scientists.
8- “The thought that some of the largest birds to have ever existed were not found in Europe
until so recently is revelatory,” (Q5) Daniel Field, a paleontologist at the University of
Cambridge who was not involved in the new research, says in an email. “[It] raises exciting
questions about the factors that gave rise to these giant birds, and the factors that drove
them to extinction”.

410
 ‫‪ -١‬ﻃﻴﻮر اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ أﺳﻤﺎء ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻃﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺪﻏﺸﻘﺮ وأﻛﺒﺮ ﻃﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻼق ﻣﻌﺮوف‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ أﻗﺪام ووزﻧﻪ ‪ 1000‬رﻃﻞ أو أﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ اﻧﻘﺮض ﻣﻨﺬ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪1000‬‬
‫ﻋﺎم‪ُ .‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن ‪ mihirung‬اﻷﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﻠﻘﺐ ﺑـ "ﻃﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺮﻋﺪ"‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي اﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ‪ 50000‬ﻋﺎم‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ أﻗﺪام ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ وﻳﺰن ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 500‬و‪ 1000‬رﻃﻞ‪ .‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺜﺮ أﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ أي دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫وﺟﻮد ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﻴﻮر اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻗﺎم ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﺣﺎﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﺤﻔﺮ اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺔ ‪ -‬ﻋﻈﻢ ﻓﺨﺬ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدي ‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﻬﻒ ﺗﻮرﻳﺪا‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻘﺮم ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺳﻮد‪ .‬ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻜﻬﻒ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪﺧﻠﻪ‪ .‬أدت اﻟﺮﺣﻼت اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ إﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺜﻴﺮة‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻈﺎم وأﺳﻨﺎن أﻗﺎرب اﻟﻤﺎﻣﻮث اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺮﺿﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻴﻮر ﻛﺒﻴﺮة اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮدﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﻘﻮل ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺘﺎ زﻳﻠﻴﻨﻜﻮف ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻮرﻳﺴﻴﺎك ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻷﺣﺎﻓﻴﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻗﺎد اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‪" :‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻠﺘﻨﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‪ ،‬ﺷﻌﺮت وﻛﺄﻧﻨﻲ أﺣﻤﻞ ﺷﻴًﺌﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻃﻴﻮر‬
‫اﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻏﺸﻘﺮ‪ .‬ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷﻛﺜﺮ إﺛﺎرة ﻟﻠﺪﻫﺸﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺬﻫﻞ‪ .‬ﻟﻢ ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪".‬‬
‫ﻼ ‪ -‬ﺑﻘﺪر‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ أﺑﻌﺎد ﻋﻈﻢ اﻟﻔﺨﺬ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أن اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺰن ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 992‬رﻃ ً‬
‫وزن اﻟﺪب اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻲ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ‪ -‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻃﺎﺋﺮ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﻼق‪.‬‬
‫ﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻟﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻔﺨﺬ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﻴﻞ‪ ،‬إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن أﻛﺜﺮ رﺷﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪- ٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺸﺎﺑ ً‬
‫واﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ" ‪ (Struthio camelus).‬اﻟﻔﺎرق اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻋﻦ ‪ Struthio‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ أو اﺗﺠﺎه أﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻷﻗﻞ وﺿﻮ ً‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎك أﻳ ً‬
‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻨﻌﺎم" ﻳﻘﻮل زﻳﻠﻴﻨﻜﻮف‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ أدﻟﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﺑﺎﺗﺸﻴﺴﺘﺮوﺛﻴﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻈﻢ اﻟﻔﺨﺬ أﻳ ً‬
‫ﺪا‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ أوﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻈﺎم اﻟﻨﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺪاًءا ﺟﻴ ً‬
‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة آﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﻮم ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻔﻬﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻼق أو اﻟﻘﻄﻂ ذات أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﻜﺮة ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻈﺎم واﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬وﻟﻌﻞ اﻷﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ أن اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻔﺘﺮض أن ‪ Pachystruthio‬ﻛﺎن ﺣﺎﺿًﺮا ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻞ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن إﻟﻰ‬
‫أوروﺑﺎ ﺧﻼل أواﺋﻞ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪي ورﺑﻤﺎ وﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬إن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻳﺶ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺪاﻣﻰ ﻳﻘﺪم ﻋﺎﻟﻤﴼ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻳﻘﻮل داﻧﻴﺎل ﻓﻴﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﺒﺮﻳﺪج‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺸﺎرك ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺜﻴﺮ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻣﺜﻴﺮة ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ أدت إﻟﻰ ﻇﻬﻮر ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﻴﻮر اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ دﻓﻌﺘﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻻﻧﻘﺮاض‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What two phrases does the writer use ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرﺗﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻴﻘﻮل‬:١‫س‬
to say that the birds were very large? ‫ﺪا؟‬
ً ‫إن اﻟﻄﻴﻮر ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺟ‬
C. giant bird and towering avian ‫ ﻃﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﻤﻼق وﻃﻴﻮر ﺷﺎﻫﻘﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Which of the following does the writer ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ إﻧﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬:٢‫س‬
say is a fact?
A. The Elephant bird was over nine feet tall. .‫ ﻛﺎن ﻃﻮل ﻃﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﻴﻞ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ أﻗﺪام‬.‫أ‬

Q3: What can we understand about the ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻘﺮم اﻟﻌﻤﻼق‬:٣‫س‬
giant bird of Crimea from Paragraph (2)? ‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
B. Researchers did not find all the bones. .‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺠﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬.‫ب‬

Q4: How are researchers' views since the ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ اﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ آراء اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف‬:٤‫س‬
new discovery different from the views ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ؟‬
held before?
D. They now know what the birds looked ‫ إﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮن اﻵن ﻛﻴﻒ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻄﻴﻮر اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬.‫د‬
like. .‫ﺗﺒﺪو‬

Q5: What can be understood about Daniel ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ داﻧﻴﺎل ﻓﻴﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ‬:٥‫س‬
Field from paragraph (8)? ‫(؟‬8) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. He studies fossils. .‫ إﻧﻪ ﻳﺪرس اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت‬.‫أ‬

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‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- When starting a business, one of the first things to be decided is the legal structure. It can
either be a sole trader, partnership or limited company, and each has its advantages and
disadvantages.
2- (Q1) A sole trader can only be one individual. If two or more individuals agree to join
together in business, then they shall form a partnership. (Q1) There is no upper limited on the
number of partners, but you must have a minimum of two. There is no upper limited on the
number of shareholders in a limited company, either, but you must have a minimum of one.
3- (Q2) When it comes to both partnerships and limited companies, raising funds is much
easier than sole traders because there are several partners which means greater earning
power and credit.
4 -In terms of decision making and business strategies, (Q3) the owner of a sole trader is the
only one responsible for all decision making and business strategies. In partnerships, partners
share responsibility for making decisions and usually agree on the business plan which is why
they originally join their efforts in a partnership. In limited companies, however, decisions are
subject to the company’s constitution. The directors are responsible for the day-to-day
running of the company and only certain decisions will require shareholders’ approval.
5 -There is little distinction between the business owner and the business in both sole traders
and partnerships. (Q4) Any business debts become the owner’s or the partners’ debts and your
personal assets, including one’s house, are not protected.
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن إﻣﺎ‬.‫ ﻓﺈن أﺣﺪ أول اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺠﺎري‬-١
. ‫ وﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎﻫﺎ وﻋﻴﻮﺑﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺗﺎﺟًﺮا ﻣﻨﻔﺮًدا أو ﺷﺮاﻛﺔ أو ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة‬
،‫ﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
ً ‫ إذا واﻓﻖ ﺷﺨﺼﺎن أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻣ‬.‫ﺪا ﻓﻘﻂ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻓﺮًدا واﺣ‬-٢
.‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻚ اﺛﻨﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ‬،‫ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﺪ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎء‬.‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻛﺔ‬
. ‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻚ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ‬،‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫ أﻳ‬،‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﺪ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة‬
‫ ﻓﺈن ﺟﻤﻊ اﻷﻣﻮال أﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺎر‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮاﻛﺎت واﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة‬-٣
‫ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘﺮار‬.‫اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﻴﻦ ﻷن ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎء ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ زﻳﺎدة ﻗﻮة اﻟﻜﺴﺐ واﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎن‬
،‫واﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮاﻛﺎت‬.‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘﺮارات واﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬-٤
‫ﻳﺘﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘﺮارات وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻔﻘﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻀﻊ اﻟﻘﺮارات‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻧﻀﻤﺎﻣﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﻮدﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮاﻛﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮون ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻮن ﻋﻦ اﻹدارة اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺔ وﺳﺘﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻗﺮارات ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬.‫ﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
. ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ أي‬.‫ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺮق ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺎر اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﻴﻦ واﻟﺸﺮاﻛﺎت‬-٥
.‫ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﺰل اﻟﻔﺮد‬،‫دﻳﻮن ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺔ دﻳﻮن اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ أو اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎء وأﺻﻮﻟﻚ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How is a partnership different from a ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﺸﺮاﻛﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺪاول اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬:١‫س‬
Sole trader and a private limited company? ‫وﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة ﺧﺎﺻﺔ؟‬
A. It has to have multiple owners. .‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﻦ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: What is one advantage partnerships ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺰة اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻬﺎ‬:٢‫س‬
and private limited companies have over ‫اﻟﺸﺮاﻛﺎت واﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺠﺎر‬
sole traders? ‫اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﻳﻦ؟‬
B. It is easier to find money to grow the ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻬﻞ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬.‫ب‬
business. .‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‬

Q3: What is one advantage sole traders ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺰة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺠﺎر اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪون‬:٣‫س‬
and partnerships have over private limited ‫واﻟﺸﺮاﻛﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة؟‬
companies?
D. It is easier to agree on a business .‫ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻬﻞ اﻻﺗﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ‬.‫د‬
strategy.

Q4: In which business do the owners have ‫ ﻓﻲ أي ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬:٤‫س‬
to use their personal money if the business ‫أﻣﻮاﻟﻬﻢ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬
fails?
B. Partnerships and sole traders ‫ اﻟﺸﺮاﻛﺎت واﻟﺘﺠﺎر اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪون‬.‫ب‬

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 😬 ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ واﻟﺴﻤﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- (Q1) All stress begins with a thought. It isn’t what’s happening “out there” that initiates the
stress response. It’s how we interpret what’s happening “out there” that causes us to
become stressed or not. We call this a perception of a threat. If we think this situation will
lead to some kind of emotional, mental, spiritual, or physical pain, we turn on the stress
response automatically to prepare for the potential pain.
2- In short doses, our bodies are well prepared to handle stress, but when that stress
becomes long-term or chronic, it can have major consequences on your muscles.
3- When we’re under a lot of stress, our brain sends a signal to our nerves telling them to go
into “protective mode,” (Q2) which causes our muscles to contract and tone up. When
muscles are strained, circulation is reduced, resulting in a buildup of lactic acid in the
muscles. This can cause discomfort, which can be comparable to the stiffness you get the day
after a hard workout like weightlifting.
4- While a direct link between stress and heart disease has not been determined, people who
are stressed on a daily basis often act in ways that increase their risk for developing heart
disease. Moreover, the unhealthy lifestyle choices people often make when stressed could
impact their overall health and well-being. (Q3) Many stressed-out people do not enough
exercise, eat too much junk food, don’t get enough sleep, smoke, and some even drink too
much alcohol.
5- Some people think any type of stress is bad, but this isn’t the case. Although you should do
whatever it takes to avoid this type of relentless mental abuse, you should welcome
moderate doses of stress with open arms. Humans have a flight-or-fight response, which is
an inborn physiological reaction that occurs when they’re under attack. Your body is wired to
handle every day, normal stressors, and when your natural defenses kick in, your well-being
improves. So, before you coin stress as the “bad guy,” consider some of these surprising
health benefits.
6- It improves cognitive function. This is because moderate stress strengthens the connection
between neurons in your brain, improving memory and attention span, (Q4) and helping you
become more alert and productive.
7- Although chronic stress can negatively affect pregnancy, the good news is that moderate
levels of normal stress during pregnancy won’t harm a baby. A study found that babies born
to women who experienced mild to moderate stress during pregnancy had more advanced
early developmental skills by the age of 2 than babies born to unstressed mothers.
‫ إﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﺮ‬،‫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث "ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺎرج" ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬،‫ ﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺑﻔﻜﺮة‬-١
‫ إذا اﻋﺘﻘﺪﻧﺎ أن‬،‫ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﻤﻲ ﻫﺬا ﺗﺼﻮر وﺟﻮد ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث "ﻫﻨﺎك" ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ أو ﻻ‬
‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬،‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ﺳﻴﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ أو اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ أو اﻟﺮوﺣﻲ أو اﻟﺠﺴﺪي‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋًﻴﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻟﻸﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬
‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻫﺬا‬،‫ﺪا ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
ً ‫ ﺗﻜﻮن أﺟﺴﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪة ﺟﻴ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮة‬-٢
.‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ وﺧﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻀﻼﺗﻚ‬،‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻷﻣﺪ أو ﻣﺰﻣًﻨﺎ‬

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‫‪ -٣‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﻮن ﺗﺤﺖ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺳﻞ دﻣﺎﻏﻨﺎ إﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ أﻋﺼﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﺗﺨﺒﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺎب إﻟﻰ "اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻲ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﺺ ﻋﻀﻼﺗﻨﺎ وﺗﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻌﻀﻼت‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻞ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﻼﻛﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻀﻼت‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﻌﺪم اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺑﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ رﻓﻊ اﻷﺛﻘﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ وأﻣﺮاض اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬إﻻ أن اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺿﻮن‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺼﺮﻓﻮن ﺑﻄﺮق ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺄﻣﺮاض اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ .‬ﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎرات ﻧﻤﻂ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﻫﺎ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺘﻬﻢ‬
‫ف‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﺤﺼﻠﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ورﻓﺎﻫﻬﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم‪ .‬ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻤﺎرﺳﻮن اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎ ٍ‬
‫ف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮم‪ ،‬وﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮن اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﺪﺧﻨﻮن‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ وﻳﺸﺮب ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻂ ﻛﺎ ٍ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺤﻮل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس أن أي ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﻮ أﻣﺮ ﺳﻲء‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺰم ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻹﺳﺎءة اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻫﻮادة ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺮﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺠﺮﻋﺎت ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﺄذرع ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺪى اﻟﺒﺸﺮ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻬﺮوب أو اﻟﻘﺘﺎل‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ رد ﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻄﺮي ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺿﻮن ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻮم‪ .‬ﺟﺴﻤﻚ ُﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم‪،‬‬
‫وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﺪأ دﻓﺎﻋﺎﺗﻚ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﺘﻚ‪ .‬ﻟﺬا‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ""ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺊ"‪ ،‬ﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻫﺸﺔ‪.‬‬‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎرك ﺑﻌ ً‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻳﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬا ﻷن اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪل ﻳﻘﻮي اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ دﻣﺎﻏﻚ‪،‬‬
‫وﻳﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة وﻣﺪى اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه‪ ،‬وﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪك ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻳﻘﻈﺔ وإﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻤﺰﻣﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﻠًﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‪ ،‬إﻻ أن اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﺴﺎر ﻫﻮ أن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺆذي اﻟﻄﻔﻞ‪ .‬وﺟﺪت دراﺳﺔ أن اﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﻟﻮدﻳﻦ ﻷﻣﻬﺎت‬
‫ﻋﺎﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ إﺟﻬﺎد ﺧﻔﻴﻒ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮن ﺑﻤﻬﺎرات ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻘﺪًﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﻟﻮدﻳﻦ ﻷﻣﻬﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺗﺮة‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: Where can stress come from‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ؟‬
‫‪C. our thoughts‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬أﻓﻜﺎرﻧﺎ‬

‫‪Q2: What can cause bodily aches and‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻵﻻم اﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ؟‬
‫?‪pains‬‬
‫‪C. muscle tension‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﻌﻀﻠﻲ‬

‫‪Q3: According to the passage, what‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدات اﻟﻀﺎرة اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪harmful habits may people adopt under‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ؟‬
‫?‪pressure‬‬
‫‪D. smoking‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻴﻦ‬

‫?‪Q4: What positive effects can stress have‬‬ ‫س‪ :٤‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮ؟‬
‫‪B. staying alert‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺄﻫﺐ‬

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 🏢 ‫ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬X ‫اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺴﻮق‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1 -What Is A Product Approach Example?
Business orientation refers to how a company or organization approaches its strategies for
success. As a business, being successful means outlining a strategy and following it to achieve
its goals. There are different business orientations such as product-orientation, sales
orientation, and market orientation, just to name some.
2 -A product approach to business is (Q1) when a company focuses on what it can produce
well and better than others. It is important to focus on the end-product when developing a
product approach. A product approach is a business’s focus on its output rather than its
customers’ needs, wants, and values in marketing. During the late 19th & early 20th century
the focus was to concentrate on the product itself. As a result, top quality, competitive
products with lots of features were produced. Quality has always been a priority for
customers (Q2) but the weakness found in this orientation was that the products weren’t
necessarily satisfying what customers really wanted and needed.
3 -This approach is used by many companies today. Fast-food chains such as Burger King and
McDonald’s, for example, produce a large amount of fast food at the lowest price possible,
which is a hallmark of their business model. Sony is another example of product-orientation
business. In order to succeed, they focus on the innovative products they can produce, rather
than what their customers desire. The second indicator of product orientation is the quality
of their luxury products.
4 -Salespeople also use a product approach to approach prospects by demonstrating the
features and benefits of the product as they walk up to them.
Market orientation definition
5 -This approach prioritizes identifying consumers’ needs and delivering products and
services to satisfy them. The primary focus marketing orientation is to promote products to
attract new customers. A market-oriented business is outward-looking. It focuses on fulfilling
its target markets’ wants and needs to achieve success. Resultantly, any customer demand
shifts must be addressed and might reflect changes in product or service offerings
6 -Customers’ needs and wants must be considered when designing products. As a result,
companies like Gillette, Coca-Cola, and Travis Perkins are able to conduct market research
into what consumers want by closely aligning their product orientation with their market. (Q3)
The result is their success due to their ability to connect both the customers’ needs with
high-quality products. In other words, they do not prefer one orientation to the other. (Q4)
They have linked product orientation to market orientation.
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ؟‬
،‫ ﻛﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺠﺎري‬.‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل إﻟﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﺎح‬-١
‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎت ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ‬.‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻨﺠﺎح ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ إﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ وﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ أﻫﺪاﻓﻬﺎ‬
.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻻ اﻟﺤﺼﺮ‬،‫ وﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺴﻮق‬،‫ وﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت‬،‫ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬

417
 ‫ﺪا وأﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻨﺘﺠﻪ ﺟﻴ ً‬
‫اﻟﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﺘﺠﺎري ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﻪ ﺑﺪًﻻ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت ﻋﻤﻼﺋﻪ ورﻏﺒﺎﺗﻬﻢ وﻗﻴﻤﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﺧﻼل أواﺧﺮ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ وأواﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺮن‬
‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ إﻧﺘﺎج ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻮدة وﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺰات‪ .‬ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻮدة ﻣﻦ أوﻟﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻼء‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻀﻌﻒ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻻﺗﺠﺎه ﻛﺎن أن‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة ﺗﺮﺿﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪه اﻟﻌﻤﻼء وﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮﻧﻪ ﺣًﻘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻬﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻴﻮم‪ .‬ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺳﻼﺳﻞ اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫‪Burger King‬و ‪ ،McDonald’s‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﺳﻌﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‪،‬‬
‫وﻫﻲ ﺳﻤﺔ ﻣﻤﻴﺰة ﻟﻨﻤﻮذج أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺜﺎل آﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺠﺎح‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﻛﺰون ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻤﺒﺘﻜﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻼؤﻫﻢ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻫﻮ ﺟﻮدة ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﺧﺮة‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻟﻠﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل إﻇﻬﺎر ﻣﻴﺰات‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻨﺪوﺑﻮ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت أﻳ ً‬
‫وﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﻢ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺴﻮق‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻬﺞ اﻷوﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻴﻦ وﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻘﻲ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮوﻳﺞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﻟﺠﺬب ﻋﻤﻼء ﺟﺪد‪ .‬اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺴﻮق ﺗﺘﻄﻠﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج‪ .‬ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ رﻏﺒﺎت واﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﻷﺳﻮاق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺠﺎح‪ .‬وﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ أي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮوض‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت أو اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻼء ورﻏﺒﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪ .‬وﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﺷﺮﻛﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫‪ Gillette‬و ‪ Coca-Cola‬و ‪ Travis Perkins‬ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ إﺟﺮاء أﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺴﻮق ﺣﻮل ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪه اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼل ﻣﻮاءﻣﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ وﺛﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ أﺳﻮاﻗﻬﻢ‪ .‬واﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﺪرﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ رﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ واﺣ ً‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﺑﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻮدة‪ .‬ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ آﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻔﻀﻠﻮن اﺗﺠﺎ ً‬
‫رﺑﻄﻮا ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺑﺘﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺴﻮق‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What important idea connected to ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت‬:١‫س‬
product-oriented firms does the writer ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
mention in Paragraph (1)? ‫(؟‬1)
C. They pay more attention to what they ‫ إﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻮﻟﻮن اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻮﻧﻪ‬.‫ج‬
make and services that help it. .‫واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪه‬

Q2: What important idea connected to ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن‬:٢‫س‬
20th-century firms does the writer mention ‫(؟‬2) ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
in Paragraph (2)?
A. They did not understand what their .‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻮا ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻼؤﻫﻢ‬.‫أ‬
customers looked for.

Q3: What ideas connected to successful ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ‬:٣‫س‬

companies does the writer mention? ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
C. They meet their customers' needs and ‫ إﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻠﺒﻮن اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت ﻋﻤﻼﺋﻬﻢ وﻳﺼﻨﻌﻮن أﻳﻀًﺎ‬.‫ج‬
also make a quality product. .‫ﺠﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺠﻮدة‬
ً ‫ﻣﻨﺘ‬

Q4: What does the writer want to show ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أن ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﺑﺄﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺟﻴﻠﻴﺖ وﻛﻮﻛﺎ‬:٤‫س‬
with the examples of Gillette, Coca-Cola, ‫ﻛﻮﻻ وﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺲ ﺑﻴﺮﻛﻨﺰ؟‬
and Travis Perkins?
B. That market and product orientation are .‫ﺤﺎ‬
ً ‫ﻃﺎ واﺿ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺴﻮق ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ارﺗﺒﺎ‬.‫ب‬
clearly connected.

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 📊 ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Look at the graph below and answer the questions based on what you see.
.‫اﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ أدﻧﺎه وأﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮاه‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What percentage of spending was on ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬:١‫س‬
food in 1929? ‫؟‬1929
D. 27% ٪27 .‫د‬

Q2: In which year was the percentage of ‫ ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻫﻲ‬:٢‫س‬
spending on transportation highest? ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ؟‬
B. 1965 1965 .‫ب‬

420
 🧠 ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- The protection of (Q1) Intellectual Property Rights guarantee, secure the individuals’
intellect by protecting their Intellectual Property Rights through awareness as well as
enforcement of laws. The law makers have divided Intellectual Property Rights into four
major categories, including but not limited to Copyright, Patent, Trademarks and Industrial
design.
2- Copyright law protects the rights of creators in their works in fine arts, publishing,
entertainment, and computer software. The laws protect the owner of the work if others
copy, present, or display the owners work without permission. (Q2) In other words, people
must consider both art and science to be legitimate professions.
3- Trademark law protects a word, phrase, symbol or design that is used by an entity to
identify its product or service. Examples are Dunkin Donuts orange and pink sausage style
lettering, Apple’s apple logo, and Adidas’ three stripes. Trademark owners can prevent others
from using their marks, or marks which are confusingly similar so that consumers would not
be able to identify the source. Firms can (Q3) obtain rights in trademarks by being the first to
use a trademark in commerce or being the first to register the mark with the United States
Patent and Trademark Office.
4- Patent law grants protection for new inventions which can be products, processes or
designs and provides a mechanism for protection of the invention. The patent law (Q4)
promotes the sharing of new developments with others to foster innovation. The patent
owner has the right to protect others from producing, using, distributing or importing the
protected item. Essentially the patent is a property right that can be licensed, sold,
mortgaged or assigned.
5- Trade secrets are business practices, formulas, designs or processes used in a business,
designed specifically to provide a competitive advantage to a business. These trade secrets
would not be otherwise known to an “outsider” of the business. An example of this is the
formula for Coca Cola. Trade secrets are protected without registration and appropriate
steps should be taken by the owner to maintain confidentiality.
‫ وﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ذﻛﺎء اﻷﻓﺮاد ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬-١
‫ﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﺮﻋﻮن ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ أرﺑﻊ‬ّ ‫ ﻗ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻮﻋﻲ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ إﻧﻔﺎذ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻻ اﻟﺤﺼﺮ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻄﺒﻊ واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﺑﺮاءات اﻻﺧﺘﺮاع واﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬،‫ﻓﺌﺎت رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ وﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬،‫ واﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ‬،‫ واﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬،‫ ﻳﺤﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﺒﺪﻋﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻨﻮن اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ‬-٢
.‫ ﺗﺤﻤﻲ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ إذا ﻗﺎم اﻵﺧﺮون ﺑﻨﺴﺦ أو ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ أو ﻋﺮض أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ دون إذن‬.‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬
.‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻦ واﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻬﻦ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺔ‬،‫ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة أﺧﺮى‬

421
 ‫ﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻛﻴﺎن ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻪ أو‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﺤﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ أو ﻋﺒﺎرة أو رﻣًﺰا أو ﺗﺼﻤﻴ ً‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﺮوف ‪ Dunkin Donuts‬ذات اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﻮردي ﺑﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﺴﺠﻖ‪،‬‬
‫وﺷﻌﺎر‪ ،Apple‬وﺧﻄﻮط ‪ Adidas‬اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﻬﻢ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻛﻮﻧﻬﺎ أول ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة أو أن ﺗﻜﻮن أول ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺪى ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻟﻠﺒﺮاءات واﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻳﻤﻨﺢ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﺮاءات اﻻﺧﺘﺮاع اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت أو ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت أو‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت وﻳﻮﻓﺮ آﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺮاع‪ .‬ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﺮاءات اﻻﺧﺘﺮاع ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺒﺎدل اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻊ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎر‪ .‬ﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﺒﺮاءة اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ إﻧﺘﺎج أو اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أو ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ أو اﺳﺘﻴﺮاد اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﺑﺮاءة اﻻﺧﺘﺮاع ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎس ﺣﻖ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺼﻪ أو ﺑﻴﻌﻪ أو رﻫﻨﻪ أو اﻟﺘﻨﺎزل ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬اﻷﺳﺮار اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺎت أو ﺻﻴﻎ أو ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت أو ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺰة ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎل‪ .‬ﻫﺬه اﻷﺳﺮار اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻟﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻟـ "اﻟﺨﺎرج" ﻋﻦ‬
‫وﻫﻲ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺧﺼﻴ ً‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪ .Coca Cola‬ﺗﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﺮار اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ دون ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ وﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫)‪Q1: The word intellectual in Paragraph (1‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ذﻫﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪ (1‬ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬
‫_____ ‪is closest in meaning to‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ إﻟﻰ _____‬
‫‪A. thinking.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q2: According to the passage, what made‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺟﻌﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫‪intellectual property law grow and‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻳﻨﻤﻮ وﻳﺘﻄﻮر؟‬
‫?‪develop‬‬
‫‪D. an effort to make science and arts more‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم واﻟﻔﻨﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ اﺣﺘﺮاًﻓﺎ‬
‫‪professional‬‬
‫س‪ :٣‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﺴﺐ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪ (3‬ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب‬
‫‪Q3: The word obtaining in Paragraph (3) is‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ _____‬
‫_____ ‪closest in meaning to‬‬
‫‪D. get.‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q4: The word promote in Paragraph (4) is‬‬ ‫س‪ :٤‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﻌﺰز ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪ (4‬ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫_____ ‪closest in meaning to‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ _____‬
‫‪A. help.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ⚖ ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ ﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- A paralegal is a person, qualified by education, training or work experience, who is
employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency, or other
entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is
responsible.
2- Paralegals are not licensed as attorneys are. They can be delegated any task normally
performed by a lawyer, as long as the lawyer supervises the work, except those proscribed by
law. For example, paralegals can review and organize client files, conduct factual and legal
research, prepare documents for legal transactions, draft pleadings and discovery notices,
interview clients and witnesses, and assist at closings and trials.
3- (Q1) Only licensed attorneys may give legal advice to consumers of legal services, and
paralegals are prohibited from doing so. The work product of the paralegal becomes the
attorney’s work product. Paralegals also are prohibited from accepting a case, setting a fee,
or (Q1) representing a client in court (unless authorized by the court).
4- Many people who earn their degree in legal studies, such as an online Master of Legal
Studies, may seek a career as paralegal. While passing an exam or certification is not required
to become a paralegal, there are voluntary certifications available to demonstrate knowledge
and expertise in the field.
5- National certification, which is offered by the national professional paralegal associations,
is earned through a combination of education, work experience and successful completion of
a national exam. Once passing the exam, a paralegal becomes a certified paralegal. Currently
there are four exams from which to choose:
• The PACE offered by the National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA)
• The PCC also offered by National Federation of Paralegal Associations (Q2) (NFPA)
• The CLA/CP offered by the National Association of Legal Assistants (Q2) (NALA)
• The PP offered by the Association for Legal Professionals (NALS)

‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻔﻪ أو‬،‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺆﻫﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ أو اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ أو اﻟﺨﺒﺮة اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬-١
‫اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺤﺎم أو ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﺤﺎﻣﺎة أو ﺷﺮﻛﺔ أو وﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ أو ﻛﻴﺎن آﺧﺮ وﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻔﻮض ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺴﺆوًﻻ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺾ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ ﻷي ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻳﺆدﻳﻬﺎ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺤﺎم‬.‫ ﻫﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬-٢
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﻈﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬،‫ ﻃﺎﻟﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ ﻳﺸﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬،‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ وإﺟﺮاء اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻌﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ وﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻼء‬،‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬،‫ وﻣﺴﻮدة اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻌﺎت وإﺧﻄﺎرات اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف‬،‫ وإﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪات ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬،‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬
.‫ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺘﺎﻣﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺎت‬،‫اﻟﻌﻤﻼء واﻟﺸﻬﻮد‬
‫ وﻳﺤﻈﺮ‬،‫ ﻳﺠﻮز ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺧﺼﻴﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﻮرة اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻲ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬-٣
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ‬.‫ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺘﺎج ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ُﻳﺤﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻗﻀﻴﺔ أو ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ رﺳﻮم أو ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ )ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺄذن‬
.(‫ﻟﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬

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 ‫‪ -٤‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺣﺼﻠﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰم‬
‫اﺟﺘﻴﺎز اﺧﺘﺒﺎر أو ﺷﻬﺎدة ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎك ﺷﻬﺎدات ﻃﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻹﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ واﻟﺨﺒﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺎت ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪي اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼل ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ واﻟﺨﺒﺮة اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ واﻹﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺢ ﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن وﻃﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﺑﻤﺠﺮد اﺟﺘﻴﺎز اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن‪ ،‬ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﺎﻟًﻴﺎ أرﺑﻌﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ PACE‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ )‪(NFPA‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ُﻳﻘﺪم ‪ PCC‬أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ )‪(NFPA‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ CLA / CP‬اﻟﻤﻘﺪم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﺑﻄﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ )‪(NALA‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ PP‬اﻟﺬي ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﺮﻓﻴﻦ )‪(NALS‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What two things are paralegals unable‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻣﺎ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪون‬
‫?‪to do‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻮن اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻬﻤﺎ؟‬
‫‪C. appear in court and give legal advice‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬اﻟﻤﺜﻮل أﻣﺎم اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ وإﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﺸﻮرة اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Q2: Which two organizations established‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬أي ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺘﻴﻦ أﻧﺸﺄﺗﺎ ﺷﻬﺎدة ﻃﻮﻋﻴﺔ؟‬
‫?‪voluntary certification‬‬
‫‪A. NALA and NFPA‬‬ ‫أ‪ NALA .‬و ‪NFPA‬‬

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 🧪 ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Oxygen is the most abundant element on this planet. The earth's crust is 46.6% oxygen by
weight, the oceans are 86% oxygen by weight, and the atmosphere is 21% oxygen by volume.
The name oxygen comes from the Greek stems oxys, "acid," and gennan, "to form or
generate." Thus, oxygen literally means "acid former." This name was introduced by
Lavoisier, who noticed that compounds rich in oxygen, such as SO2 and P4O10, dissolve in
water to give acids.
2- The O2 molecule is not the only elemental form of oxygen. In the presence of lightning or
another source of a spark, O2 molecules dissociate to form oxygen atoms. These O atoms can
react with O2 molecules to form ozone, O3.
3- Oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are examples of allotropes (from the Greek meaning "in
another manner"). By definition, allotropes are different forms of an element. Because they
have different structures, allotropes have different chemical and physical properties. Even
the length of the (Q1) bonds is different as they are longer in (O3).
4- Ozone is an unstable compound with a sharp, pungent odor that slowly decomposes to
oxygen. At low concentrations, ozone can be relatively pleasant. Exposure to O3 at higher
concentrations leads to coughing, rapid beating of the heart, chest pain, and general body
pain. At concentrations above 1 ppm, ozone is toxic.
5- One of the characteristic properties of ozone is its ability to absorb radiation in the
ultraviolet portion of the spectrum ( > 300 nm), thereby providing a filter that (Q2) shields us
from exposure to high-energy ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun. We can understand
the importance of this filter if we think about what happens when radiation from the sun is
absorbed by our skin.
6- In 1974 Molina and Rowland pointed out that chlorofluorocarbons, such as CFCl3 and
CF2Cl2, which had been used as refrigerants and as propellants in aerosol cans, were
beginning to (Q3) accumulate in the atmosphere. In the stratosphere, at altitudes of 10 to 50
km above the earth's surface, chlorofluorocarbons decompose to form Cl atoms and chlorine
oxides such as ClO when they absorb sunlight. Cl atoms and ClO molecules have an odd
number of electrons. As a result, these substances are unusually reactive. In the atmosphere,
they react with ozone or with the oxygen atoms that are needed to form ozone.
7- Molina and Rowland postulated that these substances would eventually deplete the ozone
shield in the stratosphere, with dangerous implications for biological systems that would be
exposed to increased levels of high-energy ultraviolet radiation.
،‫ أﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻮزن‬٪46.6 ‫ ﻗﺸﺮة اﻷرض ﻫﻲ‬.‫ اﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ وﻓﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ‬-١
‫ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ اﺳﻢ اﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬.‫ أﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬٪21 ‫ واﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي‬،‫ أﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻮزن‬٪86 ‫واﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺎت‬
‫ ﻓﺈن اﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﴼ "اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬،‫ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬."‫ "ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ أو ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬،gennan‫ "ﺣﻤﺾ" و‬،oxys ‫اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
SO2 ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ اﻟﺬي ﻻﺣﻆ أن اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﻐﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ‬، Lavoisier‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻻﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬."‫اﻟﺤﻤﻀﻲ‬
.‫ ﺗﺬوب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻹﻋﻄﺎء اﻷﺣﻤﺎض‬،P4O10‫و‬

425
 ‫‪ -٢‬ﺟﺰيء ‪ O2‬ﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻷوﻟﻲ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻟﻸﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﻲ وﺟﻮد اﻟﺒﺮق أو أي ﻣﺼﺪر آﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﺮارة‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ‪ O2‬ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ ذرات اﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ذرات ‪ O‬ﻣﻊ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ‪ O2‬ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻷوزون‪O3. ،‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ )‪ (O2‬واﻷوزون )‪ (O3‬أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺂﺻﻼت )ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ "ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﺧﺮى"(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺘﺂﺻﻼت ﻫﻲ أﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﻧﻈًﺮا ﻷن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﺘﺂﺻﻼت‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ ﺧﻮاص ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ أﻃﻮل ﻓﻲ)‪. (O3‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬اﻷوزون ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ذو راﺋﺤﺔ ﺣﺎدة ﻧﻔﺎذة ﺗﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺑﺒﻂء إﻟﻰ أﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰات اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻷوزون ﻟﻄﻴًﻔﺎ ﻧﺴﺒًﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺆدي اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟـ ‪ O3‬ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰات أﻋﻠﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻌﺎل وﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺿﺮﺑﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠﺐ وأﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺪر وآﻻم ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰات أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1‬ﺟﺰء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮن‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن اﻷوزون‬
‫ﺳﺎًﻣﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ إﺣﺪى اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰة ﻟﻸوزون ﻓﻲ ﻗﺪرﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻹﺷﻌﺎع ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻴﻒ‬
‫)< ‪ 300‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ( ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﻳﺤﻤﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮ إذا ﻓﻜﺮﻧﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻤﺘﺺ ﺑﺸﺮﺗﻨﺎ‬
‫إﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،1974‬أﺷﺎرت ﻣﻮﻟﻴﻨﺎ وروﻻﻧﺪ إﻟﻰ أن ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﻜﻠﻮرﻳﺔ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ CFCl3‬و‪،CF2Cl‬‬
‫واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺒﺮدات وﻛﻮﻗﻮد دﻓﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﺐ اﻟﻬﺒﺎء اﻟﺠﻮي‪ ،‬ﺑﺪأت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺘﺮاﺗﻮﺳﻔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ ‪ 10‬إﻟﻰ ‪ 50‬ﻛﻢ ﻓﻮق ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻮرﻳﺔ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ذرات اﻟﻜﻠﻮر وأﻛﺎﺳﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻮر ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ ClO‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻤﺘﺺ ﺿﻮء اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬
‫ذرات ‪ Cl‬وﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ‪ ClO‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻓﺮدي ﻣﻦ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﺎت‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻮاد ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺎدي‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻷوزون أو ﻣﻊ ذرات اﻷﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻷوزون‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬اﻓﺘﺮض ﻣﻮﻟﻴﻨﺎ وروﻻﻧﺪ أن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻮاد ﺳﺘﺆدي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ اﺳﺘﻨﻔﺎد درع اﻷوزون ﻓﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺘﺮاﺗﻮﺳﻔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﺪاﻋﻴﺎت ﺧﻄﻴﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻣﺘﺰاﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: The word bonds in Paragraph (3) is‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "رواﺑﻂ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪ (3‬ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬
‫_____ ‪closest in meaning to‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ _____‬
‫‪D. connections.‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬رواﺑﻂ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q2: The word shields in Paragraph (5) is‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪ (5‬ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬
‫_____ ‪closest in meaning to‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ _____‬
‫‪C. protects.‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻳﺤﻤﻲ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Q3: The word accumulate in Paragraph (6‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪ (6‬ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬
‫_____ ‪is closest in meaning to‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ _____‬
‫‪A. collect.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﻤﻊ‪.‬‬

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 🔮 ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- People are always asking me for stock tips, and then they want to know how my
predictions have turned out. Their requests reveal the common but fundamentally erroneous
perception that forecasters make predictions. We don’t, of course: Prediction is possible only
in a world in which events are preordained and no amount of action in the present can
influence future outcomes. That world is the stuff of myth and superstition. The one we
inhabit is quite different—little is certain, nothing is preordained, and what we do in the
present affects how events unfold, often in significant, unexpected ways.
2- The role of the forecaster in the real world is quite different from that of the mythical seer.
Prediction is concerned with future certainty; forecasting looks at how hidden currents in the
present signal possible changes in direction for companies, societies, or the world at large.
Thus, the primary goal of forecasting is to identify the full range of possibilities, not a limited
set of illusory certainties. Whether a specific forecast actually turns out to be accurate is only
part of the picture—even a broken clock is right twice a day. Above all, the forecaster’s task is
to map uncertainty, for in a world where our actions in the present influence the future,
uncertainty is opportunity.
3- Unlike a prediction, a forecast must have a logic to it. That’s what lifts forecasting out of
the dark realm of superstition. The forecaster must be able to articulate and defend that
logic. Moreover, the consumer of the forecast must understand enough of the forecast
process and logic to make an independent assessment of its quality—and to properly account
for the opportunities and risks it presents. The wise consumer of a forecast is not a trusting
bystander but a participant and, above all, a critic.
4- Even after you have sorted out your forecasters from the seers and prophets, you still face
the task of distinguishing good forecasts from bad, and that’s where this article comes in. In
the following pages, I try to demythologize the forecasting process so that you can become a
more (Q1) sophisticated and participative consumer of forecasts, rather than a passive
absorber.
5- As a decision maker, you ultimately have to rely on your (Q2) intuition and judgment.
There’s no getting around that in a world of uncertainty. But effective forecasting provides
essential context that informs your intuition. It broadens your understanding by revealing
overlooked possibilities and exposing unexamined assumptions regarding hoped-for
outcomes. At the same time, it narrows the decision space within which you must exercise
your intuition.
6- Change rarely unfolds in a straight line. The most important developments typically follow
the S-curve shape of a power law: Change starts slowly and incrementally, putters along
quietly, and then suddenly explodes, eventually tapering off and even dropping back down.

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‫‪7- Once an inflection point arrives, people commonly underestimate the speed with which‬‬
‫‪change will occur. The fact is, we are all by nature linear thinkers, and (Q3) phenomena‬‬
‫‪governed by the sudden, exponential growth of power laws catch us by surprise again and‬‬
‫‪again. Even if we notice the beginning of a change, we instinctively draw a straight line‬‬
‫‪diagonally through the S curve, and although we eventually arrive in the same spot, we miss‬‬
‫‪both the lag at the start and the explosive growth in the middle. Timing, of course, is‬‬
‫‪everything, and Silicon Valley is littered with the corpses of companies who mistook a clear‬‬
‫‪view for a short distance and others who misjudged the magnitude of the S curve they‬‬
‫‪happened upon.‬‬
‫‪8- Also expect the opportunities to be very different from those the majority predicts, for‬‬
‫‪even the most expected futures tend to arrive in utterly unexpected ways.‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﺣﻮل اﻷﺳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﺮﻳﺪون ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻇﻬﻮر ﺗﻨﺒﺆاﺗﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻨﻲ اﻟﻨﺎس داﺋ ً‬
‫ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﻮر اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺊ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺒﺌﻴﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆات‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻪ اﻷﺣﺪاث ﻣﻘﺪرة وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷي ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاءات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ أن ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎدة اﻷﺳﻄﻮرة واﻟﺨﺮاﻓﺎت‪ .‬إن اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﻧﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ ‪ -‬اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﻛﺪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺷﻲء ُﻣﻘﺪر ﻣﺴﺒًﻘﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻷﺣﺪاث‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﺑﻄﺮق ﻣﻬﻤﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬إن دور اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺒﺊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ دور اﻟﺮاﺋﻲ اﻷﺳﻄﻮري‪ .‬ﻳﻬﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ؛ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ إﺷﺎرة اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات اﻟﺨﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت أو اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت أو اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺄﺳﺮه‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻬﺪف اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﻮﻫﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة ‪ -‬ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺴﻮرة ﺗﻜﻮن ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم‪ .‬ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺒﺊ ﻓﻲ رﺳﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻟﻌﺪم اﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻓﻌﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻋﺪم اﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺧﺎص ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺨﺮاﻓﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺒﺊ ﻗﺎدًرا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ واﻟﺪﻓﺎع ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن‬
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ واﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ ﻹﺟﺮاء ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻟﺠﻮدﺗﻪ‪ -‬وﻟﺤﺴﺎب‬
‫ﺟﺎ ﻳﺜﻖ ﺑﻪ‬‫اﻟﻔﺮص واﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ اﻟﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎت ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺘﻔﺮ ً‬
‫وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرك وﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻧﺎﻗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻚ ﺑﻔﺮز اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺒﺌﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﻦ ﺑﻚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺮاﻓﻴﻦ واﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎء‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ زﻟﺖ ﺗﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆات اﻟﺠﻴﺪة واﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ دور ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬أﺣﺎول إزاﻟﺔ اﻷﺳﻄﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻜﺎ ﺳﻠﺒًﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻄﻮرﴽ وﺗﺸﺎرﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆات‪ ،‬ﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠ ً‬
‫ﻣﻦ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠ ً‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻚ ﺻﺎﻧﻊ ﻗﺮار‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺳﻚ وﺣﻜﻤﻚ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎف ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم اﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺳﻴﺎًﻗﺎ أﺳﺎﺳًﻴﺎ ُﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺣﺪﺳﻚ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺳﻊ ﻓﻬﻤﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬
‫اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ وﻛﺸﻒ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺪروﺳﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻮة‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻀﻴﻖ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺮار اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻤﺎرس ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺪﺳﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻧﺎدرا ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻋﺎدًة ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ أﻫﻢ اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ‪ S‬ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﺒﻂء وﺗﺪرﻳﺠًﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﻨﻔﺠﺮ ﺑﻬﺪوء‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﻨﻔﺠﺮ ﻓﺠﺄة‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺑﻞ وﻳﺘﺮاﺟﻊ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -٧‬ﺑﻤﺠﺮد وﺻﻮل ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻻﻧﻌﻄﺎف‪ ،‬ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻒ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺤﺪث ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ .‬اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻌﺎ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺘﻨﺎ ﻣﻔﻜﺮون ﺧﻄﻴﻮن‪ ،‬واﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺊ ﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫ﻫﻲ أﻧﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﻴ ً‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻗﻄﺮًﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ‪،S‬‬
‫ﻄﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴ ً‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺟﺌﻨﺎ ﻣﺮاًرا وﺗﻜﺮاًرا‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﺳﻢ ﻏﺮﻳﺰًﻳﺎ ﺧ ً‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ وﺻﻮﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ واﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‪ .‬اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‪ ،‬ووادي اﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﻠﻲء ﺑﺠﺜﺚ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ أﺧﻄﺄت ﻓﻲ‬
‫رؤﻳﺔ واﺿﺤﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة وﺷﺮﻛﺎت أﺧﺮى أﺧﻄﺄت ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ‪ S‬اﻟﺬي وﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﺮص ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ اﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ أن أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻌﻘﻮد اﻵﺟﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺗﻮﻗﻊ أﻳ ً‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﺗﻤﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﺑﻄﺮق ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: The word sophisticated in Paragraph‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪ (4‬ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬
‫_____ ‪(4) is closest in meaning to‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ _____‬
‫‪C. complicated.‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻘﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q2: The word intuition in Paragraph (5) is‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﺪس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪ (2‬ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬
‫_____ ‪closest in meaning to‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ _____‬
‫‪B. feeling.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‪.‬‬

‫)‪Q3: The word phenomena in Paragraph (7‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻇﻮاﻫﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )‪ (7‬ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬
‫_____ ‪is closest in meaning to‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ _____‬
‫‪D. events.‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬أﺣﺪاث‪.‬‬

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 👥 ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﺒﻨﺎؤون اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Take a moment and imagine you are traveling in a country you’ve never been to before.
Everything—the sights, the smells, the sounds—seems strange. People are speaking a
language you don’t understand and wearing clothes unlike yours. But they greet you with a
smile and you sense that, despite the differences you observe, deep down inside these
people have the same feelings as you. But is this true? Do people from (Q1) opposite ends of
the world really feel the same emotions? (Q2) While most scholars agree that members of
different cultures may vary in the foods they eat, the languages they speak, and the holidays
they celebrate, there is disagreement about the extent to which culture shapes people’s
emotions and feelings—including what people feel, what they express, and what they do
during an emotional event. Understanding how culture shapes people’s emotional lives and
what impact emotion has on psychological health and well-being in different cultures will not
only advance the study of human behavior but will also benefit multicultural societies. Across
a variety of settings—academic, business, medical—people worldwide are coming into more
contact with people from foreign cultures. In order to communicate and function effectively
in such situations, we must understand the ways cultural ideas and practices shape our
emotions.
2- In the 1950s and 1960s, social scientists tended to fall into either one of two camps. The
universalist camp claimed that, despite cultural differences in customs and traditions, at a
fundamental level all humans feel similarly. These universalists believed that emotions
evolved as a response to the environments of our primordial ancestors, (Q3) so they are the
same across all cultures. Indeed, people often describe their emotions as “automatic,”
“natural,” “physiological,” and “instinctual,” supporting the view that emotions are hard-
wired and universal. Universalists point to our prehistoric ancestors as the source of
emotions that all humans share.
3- The social constructivist camp, however, claimed that despite a common evolutionary
heritage, different groups of humans evolved to adapt to their distinctive environments. And
because human environments vary so widely, (Q4) people’s emotions are also culturally
variable. For instance, (Q5) Catherine Lutz, argued that emotional experience is not pre-
cultural but pre-eminently cultural. Social constructivists contended that because cultural
ideas and practices are all-encompassing, people are often unaware of how their feelings are
shaped by their culture. (Q6) Therefore, emotions can feel automatic, natural, physiological,
and instinctual, and yet still be primarily culturally shaped.

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 ‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ وﺗﺨﻴﻞ أﻧﻚ ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺰره ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ .‬ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‪ -‬اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﺮواﺋﺢ‪ ،‬اﻷﺻﻮات‪ -‬ﻳﺒﺪو‬
‫ﻏﺮﻳًﺒﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﻨﺎس ﻟﻐﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ وﻳﺮﺗﺪون ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻚ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﺤﻴﻮﻧﻚ ﺑﺎﺑﺘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫وﺗﺸﻌﺮ أﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻼﺣﻈﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎق ﻫﺆﻻء اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﻚ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻞ ﻫﺬا ﺻﺤﻴﺢ؟ ﻫﻞ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻴﺾ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺣًﻘﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ؟ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ أن أﻓﺮاد اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻔﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻨﺎوﻟﻮﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮن ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﻷﻋﻴﺎد اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻠﻮن ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎك ﺧﻼف ﺣﻮل ﻣﺪى ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻨﺎس ‪-‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس وﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺒﺮون ﻋﻨﻪ وﻣﺎذا ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮن ﺧﻼل ﺣﺪث ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ‪ .‬إن ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ واﻟﺮﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت‬
‫ﻀﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺆدي ﻓﻘﻂ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺳﻴﻔﻴﺪ أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ‪ -‬اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ واﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪ -‬أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﺗﺼﺎل أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺄﺷﺨﺎص ﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺎت أﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر واﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻨﻴﺎت واﻟﺴﺘﻴﻨﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻳﻤﻴﻠﻮن إﻟﻰ اﻻﻧﺨﺮاط ﻓﻲ أﺣﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﻦ‪ .‬ادﻋﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺴﻜﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ أﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدات واﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ‪ .‬اﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﻫﺆﻻء اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﻮن أن اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﺗﻄﻮرت ﻛﺎﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎت أﺳﻼﻓﻨﺎ اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬا ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻒ اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻃﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ "ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ" و "ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ" و "ﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ" و "ﻏﺮﻳﺰﻳﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﺮأي اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮاﺑﻄﺔ وﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻮن إﻟﻰ أﺳﻼﻓﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﻮر ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﻢ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺘﺮك ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ادﻋﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺴﻜﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ أﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮاث اﻟﺘﻄﻮري اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك‪ ،‬ﺗﻄﻮرت‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴﺌﺎﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰة‪ .‬وﻧﻈًﺮا ﻻﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮة ﺛﻘﺎﻓًﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﺟﺎدﻟﺖ ﻛﺎﺛﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﺗﺰ ﺑﺄن اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫واﺳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻨﺎس أﻳ ً‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎرز‪ .‬أﻛﺪ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﻮن اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﻮن أﻧﻪ ﻧﻈًﺮا ﻷن اﻷﻓﻜﺎر‬
‫واﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺪرﻛﻴﻦ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬
‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺘﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ وﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ وﻏﺮﻳﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺗﺰال‬
‫ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺛﻘﺎﻓًﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎم اﻷول‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What idea does the expression ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺮرﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻴﺾ‬:١‫س‬
"opposite ends of the world" in Paragraph ‫(؟‬1) ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
(1) repeat?
C. different cultures ‫ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Which of the following does the writer ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ إﻧﻪ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ؟‬:٢‫س‬
say are facts?
A. People eat different foods and speak ‫ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس أﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮن ﻟﻐﺎت‬.‫أ‬
different languages. .‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

Q3: How is the Universalists' view of ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻈﺮة اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻋﻦ‬:٣‫س‬
emotions different from the social ‫وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬
constructivists' view?
B. Universalists believe emotions are ‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﻮن أن اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬.‫ب‬
common between cultures. .‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت‬

Q4: What can we understand about the ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﺣﻮل وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ‬:٤‫س‬
social constructivists' view of emotions ‫(؟‬3) ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
from Paragraph (3)?
C. They found differences between .‫ وﺟﺪوا اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت‬.‫ج‬
cultures.

Q5: What can we understand about Lutz's ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻟﻮﺗﺰ‬:٥‫س‬
view of emotions from Paragraph (3)? ‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. Lutz believes emotions are shaped by ‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻟﻮﺗﺰ أن اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬.‫أ‬
cultures. .‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت‬

‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻈﺮة اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬:٦‫س‬

Q6: How is the social constructivists' view
‫اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺮة اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ؟‬
of automatic feelings different from that of
universalists?
.‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﻮن أﻧﻨﺎ وﻟﺪﻧﺎ ﺑﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬
B. Constructivists believe we are born with
automatic feelings.

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 🛢 ‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮول‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Passage 1
1- (Q1) Pipelines, marine carriers, tank trucks, rail tank cars and so forth are used to transport
crude oils, compressed and liquefied hydrocarbon gases, (Q2) liquid petroleum products and
other chemicals across countries: from their point of origin to pipeline terminals, refineries,
distributors and consumers. Crude oils and liquid petroleum products are transported,
handled and stored in their natural liquid state
2- An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment,
especially the marine ecosystems. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is
released into the oceans or coastal waters. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from
tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum
products (such as gasoline, diesel) and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships
such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse or waste oil.
3- Oil spills can be caused by human error, natural disasters, technical failures or deliberate
releases. It is estimated that 30-50% of all oil spills are directly or indirectly caused by human
error, (Q3) with approximately 20-40% of oil spills being attributed to equipment failure or
malfunction (Q4) resulting in serious damage to coastal ecosystems, wildlife habitats and local
communities due to their contamination.
Passage 2
1- (Q1) Petroleum products are transported via rail cars, trucks, tanker vessels, and pipeline
networks. The method used to move the petroleum products depends on the volume that is
being moved and its destination. The biggest problems with moving petroleum products are
pollution related and the chance of spillage. Petroleum oil is very hard to clean up and is very
toxic to living animals and their surroundings.
2- Pipelines are used to transport oil from wells to refineries and storage facilities, and are
viewed as the most cost efficient way to move oil on land. Pipelines have also been found to
be the safest mode of transport for oil.
3- Oil can also be transported over water. Oil has been shipped over water since the late
1800s. (Q2) Marine Vessels and barges can transport this petroleum all around the world.
Because these vessels can carry a lot of fuel, the amount it costs per barrel to move this oil is
very cheap. These tankers are also the only practical way to move crude oil across the
oceans. Usually, the larger tankers are used to transport this fuel on a global scale, taking fuel
from one continent to the other.
4- Tank cars are another way to move crude oil across a landmass. The oil is loaded into the
tank cars, and are moved by a diesel train across the rails to the refinery or the train’s
planned destination. Trains can carry a massive amount of this oil by using of multiple tank
cars. Tank trucks are used more like rail cars are, but they will usually transport refined fuel to
a fuel station, like a gas station. Trucks are usually used to carry smaller capacities of oil short
distances.

433
‫‪5- Accidental tank vessel spills account for approximately 8-13% of all oil spilled into the‬‬
‫‪oceans. (Q3) The main causes of oil tank vessel spills are collision, grounding, mishandling and‬‬
‫‪sinking, faulty equipment and systems, among others.‬‬
‫‪If the oil is spilled while it is in a ship, tank truck, pipeline or rail car, it can result in fire,‬‬
‫‪poisoning of plants, injuries and fatalities of the crew and citizens. It can destroy marine life‬‬
‫‪as well as make (Q4) the coasts uninhabited due to pollution.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ‪1‬‬
‫‪ُ -1‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ واﻟﻨﺎﻗﻼت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ وﺷﺎﺣﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﻬﺎرﻳﺞ وﻋﺮﺑﺎت ﺻﻬﺎرﻳﺞ اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ وﻣﺎ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت اﻟﺨﺎم واﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻟﺔ وﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺒﺘﺮول اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻨﺸﺄﻫﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ واﻟﻤﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻮزﻋﻴﻦ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت اﻟﺨﺎم واﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺒﺘﺮوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ وﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺘﺴﺮب اﻟﻨﻔﻄﻲ ﻫﻮ إﻃﻼق ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻮن ﺑﺘﺮوﻟﻲ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬وﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ُﻳﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻋﺎدًة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺴﻜﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺎت أو اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻻﻧﺴﻜﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﻄﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻼت واﻟﻤﻨﺼﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ اﻧﺴﻜﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺒﺘﺮوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺮرة )ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ واﻟﺪﻳﺰل( وﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫وﻣﻨﺼﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻵﺑﺎر‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ً‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ اﻟﺴﻔﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة‪ ،‬أو اﻧﺴﻜﺎب أي ﻧﻔﺎﻳﺎت زﻳﺘﻴﺔ أو ﻧﻔﺎﻳﺎت زﻳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺳﺒﺐ اﻧﺴﻜﺎب اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﺧﻄﺄ ﺑﺸﺮي أو ﻛﻮارث ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ أو أﻋﻄﺎل ﻓﻨﻴﺔ أو ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت إﻃﻼق‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪة‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮات إﻟﻰ أن ‪ ٪50 - 30‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻻﻧﺴﻜﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﻄﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ أو ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻄﺄ ﺑﺸﺮي‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ‪ ٪40 - 20‬ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺴﻜﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﻄﻴﺔ ُﺗﻌﺰى إﻟﻰ ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات أو‬
‫ﻋﻄﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ أﺿﺮار ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ وﻣﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻠﻮﺛﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ‪2‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺒﺘﺮوﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻋﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت وﺳﻔﻦ اﻟﺼﻬﺎرﻳﺞ وﺷﺒﻜﺎت‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺒﺘﺮوﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ‬
‫ووﺟﻬﺘﻪ‪ .‬أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺒﺘﺮوﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث وﻓﺮﺻﺔ اﻻﻧﺴﻜﺎب‪ .‬ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮوﻟﻲ وﻫﻮ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ وﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -٢‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻵﺑﺎر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻓﻲ وﻣﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وُﻳﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻄﺮق ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض‪ .‬وﻗﺪ وﺟﺪ أن ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ أﻛﺜﺮ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ أﻣﺎًﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﺎء‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺷﺤﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﻨﺬ أواﺧﺮ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻔﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ واﻟﺼﻨﺎدل أن ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺘﺮول ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ .‬ﻧﻈًﺮا ﻷن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬
‫ﺪا‪ .‬ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻼت ﻫﻲ أﻳﻀًﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻔﻂ رﺧﻴﺼﺔ ﺟ ً‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺎت‪ .‬ﻋﺎدة‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻼت اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﺣﺠ ً‬
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎرة إﻟﻰ أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﺼﻬﺮﻳﺞ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺑﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺼﻬﺮﻳﺞ‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻗﻄﺎر دﻳﺰل ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﺎة أو اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎرات ﺣﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺪة ﻋﺮﺑﺎت ﺻﻬﺮﻳﺠﻴﺔ‪ُ .‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺼﻬﺎرﻳﺞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺎدًة ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﻤﻜﺮر إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ وﻗﻮد‪ .‬ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺳﻌﺎت أﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻗﺼﻴﺮة‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻻﻧﺴﻜﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺰان ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ‪ ٪ 13 - 8‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺎت‪.‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻻﻧﺴﻜﺎﺑﺎت ﺻﻬﺎرﻳﺞ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻫﻲ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺄرﻳﺾ ‪ ،‬وﺳﻮء اﻟﻤﻨﺎوﻟﺔ واﻟﻐﺮق ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
‫واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ أﻣﻮر أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫إذا اﻧﺴﻜﺐ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ أﺛﻨﺎء وﺟﻮده ﻓﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ أو ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺔ ﺻﻬﺮﻳﺠﻴﺔ أو ﺧﻂ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ أو ﻋﺮﺑﺔ ﻗﻄﺎر‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺆدي ذﻟﻚ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﻧﺸﻮب ﺣﺮﻳﻖ وﺗﺴﻤﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ وإﺻﺎﺑﺎت ووﻓﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ أﻓﺮاد اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻢ واﻟﻤﻮاﻃﻨﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺪﻣﺮ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺴﻮاﺣﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺄﻫﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: According to Passages A and B, how‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و‬
‫?‪can oil be transported‬‬ ‫"ب"؟‬
‫‪C. by carriers and trains‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻼت واﻟﻘﻄﺎرات‬

‫‪Q2: What do Passages A and B say about‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﺎن "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول‬
‫?‪liquid petroleum‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ؟‬
‫‪C. It can be transported across countries.‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‪.‬‬

‫‪Q3: According to Passages A and B how can‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ أ‪ ،‬ب ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﻃﻼق اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
‫?‪oil be released into the environment‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ؟‬
‫‪D. through damaged equipment and‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻌﺪات واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬
‫‪systems‬‬

‫‪Q4: According to Passages A and B what‬‬ ‫س‪ :٤‬إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺆدي ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﻨﻔﻂ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ أ‬
‫?‪have oil releases led to‬‬ ‫و ب؟‬
‫‪A. polluted coasts‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﺴﻮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺔ‬

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 📚 ‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎت ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- A copyright is meant to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for
limited Times to (Q1) Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings
and Discoveries.
2- Copyright ownership gives the holder of the copyright in an original work of authorship (Q2)
six exclusive rights:
• The right to reproduce and make copies of an original work;
• The right to prepare derivative works based on the original work;
• The right to distribute copies to the public by sale or another form of transfer, such as rental
or lending;
• The right to publicly perform the work;
• The right to publicly display the work, and
• The right to perform sound recordings publicly through digital audio transmission.

3- The categories of things that count as an original work of authorship include literature,
computer programs, dramatic scripts, choreographed or pantomimed work, motion pictures,
video art, graphics, sculptures, and architectural plans. Each of these categories is broadly
construed. When any of these rights are infringed with regard to an original work of
authorship, the holder of the rights may bring a copyright lawsuit to enforce those rights.
4- (Q3) The FBI has added a warning to all the videos, even those created for web use, to
inform viewer that the video is copyrighted, and cannot be legally copied without your
permission. You can see this warning at the beginning of every DVD.
‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﻖ اﻟﺤﺼﺮي ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺪف ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻨﺸﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﻌﻠﻮم واﻟﻔﻨﻮن اﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪة‬-1
.‫واﻟﻤﺨﺘﺮﻋﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺗﻬﻢ واﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻟﻔﺘﺮات ﻣﺤﺪودة‬
:‫ ﺗﻤﻨﺢ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ أﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬-٢
.‫اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎخ ﻋﻤﻞ أﺻﻠﻲ وﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ •
.‫اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ إﻋﺪاد ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎت ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻒ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬ •
.‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﺄﺟﻴﺮ أو اﻹﻋﺎرة‬،‫اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮر ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ أو أي ﺷﻜﻞ آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ •
.‫اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ أداء اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻼﻧﻴﺔ‬ •
‫اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮر‬ •
.‫اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼت اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮر ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺼﻮت اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ‬ •

،‫ واﻟﻨﺼﻮص اﻟﺪراﻣﻴﺔ‬،‫ وﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬،‫ﻼ أﺻﻠًﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ اﻷدب‬

ً ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻓﺌﺎت اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻋﻤ‬-٣
،‫ واﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬،‫ وﻓﻦ اﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬،‫ واﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬،‫واﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﺺ أو اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﺎﻧﺘﻮﻣﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺪي‬.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﺌﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ‬.‫ واﻟﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ‬،‫واﻟﻤﻨﺤﻮﺗﺎت‬
‫ ﻳﺠﻮز ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق رﻓﻊ دﻋﻮى ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ أﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ‬
.‫واﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻹﻧﻔﺎذ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق‬
‫ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤﻫﺎ‬،‫( ﺗﺤﺬﻳًﺮا إﻟﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬FBI) ‫ أﺿﺎف ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻔﻴﺪراﻟﻲ‬-٤
‫ وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬،‫ ﻹﺑﻼغ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻣﺤﻤﻲ ﺑﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻄﺒﻊ واﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬،‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬
.DVD ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ رؤﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺮص‬.‫دون إذﻧﻚ‬

436
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is a copyright? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺣﻖ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ؟‬:١‫س‬
A. the right given to authors and inventors ‫ ﺣﻖ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ واﻟﻤﺨﺘﺮﻋﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬.‫أ‬
for their writings and discoveries ‫واﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬

Q2: How many basic rights does a copyright ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬:٢‫س‬
owner have? ‫ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻄﺒﻊ واﻟﻨﺸﺮ؟‬
B. 6 ٦ .‫ب‬

Q3: What do most Americans see at the ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺮى ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ أﻗﺮاص‬:٣‫س‬
start of DVDs? ‫؟‬DVD
A. an FBI warning ‫ ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻔﺪراﻟﻲ‬.‫أ‬

437
 🏜 ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Hot deserts are an important ecosystem with distinct characteristics and adaptations. They
provide opportunities for development but also cause challenges such as desertification. The
Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world.
2- Hot deserts have an extreme climate and challenging environment. There is very little
biodiversity in hot deserts because of the harsh climate. (Q2) Few species are specialised
enough to survive there. Plants and animals which do survive there have adapted to difficult
conditions. The biotic or living components and the abiotic or non-living components of the
hot desert rely on one another - a change in one will lead to a change in the other.
3- The deserts are some of the hottest spots on earth and have high temperatures
throughout the year. There is no cold season in the hot deserts and the average summer
temperature is around 30°C (86°F). The highest shade temperature recorded is 57°C (136°F).
Hot deserts have two distinct seasons: (Q3) summer when the temperature ranges between
35-40°C and winter when the temperature ranges between 20-30°C.
4- (Q3) Even during the day, there is an obvious change in temperature. For the most part, hot
and dry deserts have high temperatures during the day and low temperatures during the
evening. Some of the world's hot and dry deserts have temperatures reaching 49 degrees
Celsius (120 degrees Fahrenheit) during the day. Often the desert temperature can fall to as
low as negative 18 degrees Celsius (zero degrees Fahrenheit) in the middle of the night.
5- The dryness of the air in hot deserts helps explain (Q3) the wide daily temperature swings.
Water vapor is an important absorber of heat, but, with low amounts of it in the desert
atmosphere, temperatures here are more directly controlled by sunlight: Intense solar
radiation heats things up during the day, but once the sun goes down temperatures quickly
drop.
‫ﺻﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
ً ‫ إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﺮ‬.‫ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ وﺗﻜﻴﻔﺎت ﻣﻤﻴﺰة‬ً ‫ ﺗﺒﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﻧﻈﺎًﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﺌًﻴﺎ ﻣﻬ‬-١
.‫ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء ﻫﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺻﺤﺮاء ﺣﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬.‫ﻀﺎ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﺮ‬ ً ‫وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ أﻳ‬
‫ﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ً ‫ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺟ‬.‫ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﺤﺎرة ﺑﻤﻨﺎخ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ وﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎت‬-٢
‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬.‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ أو‬.‫ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت واﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺗﻜﻴﻔﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ‬.‫ﻫﻨﺎك‬
‫ أي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ‬- ‫اﻟﺤﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻼأﺣﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ أو ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
.‫أﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻵﺧﺮ‬
‫ ﻻ‬.‫ ﺗﻌﺪ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺨﻮﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻷرض وﻟﻬﺎ درﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪار اﻟﻌﺎم‬-٣
86) ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬30 ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺑﺎرد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﺤﺎرة وﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري‬.(‫ درﺟﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬136) ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬57 ‫ أﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻇﻞ ﻣﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ‬.(‫درﺟﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ واﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺮاوح‬40-35 ‫ اﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺮاوح درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﻴﻦ‬:‫اﻟﺤﺎرة ﺑﻤﻮﺳﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰﻳﻦ‬
.‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬30-20 ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﺤﺎرة‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰء اﻷﻛﺒﺮ‬.‫ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺗﻐﻴﺮ واﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬،‫ ﺣﺘﻰ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬-٤
‫ ﺗﺼﻞ درﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة ﺑﻌﺾ‬.‫واﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺪرﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻬﺎر ودرﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﺎء‬
‫ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ درﺟﺔ‬.‫ درﺟﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺧﻼل اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬120) ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬49 ‫ﺻﺤﺎري اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﺎرة واﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
.‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ )ﺻﻔﺮ درﺟﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬18 ‫ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء إﻟﻰ ﺳﺎﻟﺐ‬

438
 ‫‪ -٥‬ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺟﻔﺎف اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﻛﻤﻴﺎت ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوي‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ﻣﻬ ً‬
‫ﻳﻌﺪ ﺑﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﺎ ً‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ أﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻤﻞ اﻹﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﺧﻼل اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What is the writer's main purpose‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
‫‪C. to inform‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬اﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬

‫‪Q2: What is one important point that the‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻛﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫?‪writer mentions‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
‫‪D. The climate and environment of hot‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬إن ﻣﻨﺎخ وﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪deserts are difficult for life.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‪.‬‬

‫‪Q3: What is one important point that the‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
‫?‪writer mentions‬‬
‫‪D. Temperatures change a lot during the‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻛﺜﻴًﺮا ﺧﻼل اﻟﻨﻬﺎر واﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪day and year in hot deserts.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﺤﺎرة‪.‬‬

‫‪439‬‬
 ⚙ ‫ﺧﻄﻂ ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- (Q1) The Five-Year Plan was a road map for Stalin's great goals of industrialization. The
industrial output of the Soviet Union increased by 50 percent in five years; the annual rate of
growth during the first Five-Year Plan was between 15 and 22 percent. There were entirely
new industries built in entirely new cities. Cities such as Moscow and Leningrad doubled in
size in the early 1930s. Stalin attempted a Moscow-White Sea canal connecting Moscow to
the seaports of the north.
2- Yet, this is not to say that this was totally executed without some defects. This
industrialization came at enormous human cost. Large-scale projects in the timber and
mining industries used prison labor. The labor camp system actually became a central
component of the Stalinist economic system. People were arrested and sent to camps on a
very wide variety of charges, including simply having the ill luck of being born to bourgeois or
kulak parents.
3- This camp system held around 3.6 million people by the end of the decade. A man-made
canal, Belomor Canal, connecting Moscow to the seaports of the north was dug by hand, with
human labor used for every part of its construction. Its significance lies in the fact that it was
the first time the labor force was exclusively prisoners. (Q2) It was built using slave labor and
thousands died during its construction. Conditions were horrendous and the NKVD guards
were brutal psychopaths. People were deliberately worked to death in a calculated way of
getting rid of ""class enemies"" who posed a threat to the new Soviet regime. This project
formed the model for the use of prisoner labor that developed into the Gulag system that the
USSR depended upon until its collapse in 1989. And after all the needless deaths, the canal
ended up not being deep enough to take large ships that it was designed for.
4- Every factory had large display boards erected that showed the output of workers. (Q1)
Workers worked very hard to achieve the stated goals. Those that failed to reach the
required targets were publicity criticized and humiliated. Some workers could not cope with
this pressure and absenteeism increased. This led to even more repressive measures being
introduced. Records were kept of workers' lateness, absenteeism and bad workmanship. If
the worker's record was poor, he was accused of trying to sabotage the Five Year Plan and if
found guilty could be shot.
5- Stakhanov was a miner in Donbass, a coal-producing region in Soviet Ukraine. Under the
communist system, all mines were run by the state and had monthly production targets. If
they missed the targets, local managers and Communist Party officials were in trouble. The
mine where Stakhanov worked was one of the worst-performing in the region.
6- Stakhanov He was incredibly competitive. (Q3) He kept thinking how to increase the
productivity of his mine - and eventually he came up with a brilliant solution. So, he came up
with the idea of having one miner constantly picking coal, while another loaded the coal on
the cart, a third miner propped the roof with pit props, and a fourth led the pony in and out.
And instead of the traditional pick, Stakhanov was keen to use a mining drill, which was a
novelty and required specialist training. Drills were extremely heavy, weighing more than
15kg.

440
‫‪7- The manager of the mine had serious doubts about Stakhanov's initiative. However,‬‬
‫‪Stakhanov persuaded his team leader and the local party boss to give it a go. On 30 August‬‬
‫‪1935, at 22:00, Alexei Stakhanov and three colleagues entered the mine, accompanied by the‬‬
‫‪party boss and a local journalist. Six hours later they emerged, triumphant, having produced‬‬
‫‪102 tonnes of coal - more than 14 times the target.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺧﺎرﻃﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻷﻫﺪاف ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‪ .‬زاد اﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ %50‬ﻓﻲ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺳﻨﻮات؛ ﺗﺮاوح ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺴﻨﻮي ﺧﻼل اﻟﺨﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 15‬و‪ 22‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎت ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎؤﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪن ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺪن ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ وﻟﻴﻨﻴﻨﻐﺮاد ﻓﻲ أواﺋﻞ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﻨﻴﺎت‪ .‬ﺣﺎول ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻗﻨﺎة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ ورﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاﻧﺊ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن ﻫﺬا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬه ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ دون ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻴﻮب‪ .‬ﺟﺎء ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺑﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪ .‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻷﺧﺸﺎب واﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﺠﻮن‪ .‬أﺻﺒﺢ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻣﻜﻮًﻧﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰًﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻟﺴﺘﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ إﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص وإرﺳﺎﻟﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺠﺮد ﺳﻮء اﻟﺤﻆ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻬﻢ‬
‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺴﻜﺮات ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﺟ ً‬
‫ﻳﻮﻟﺪون ﻷﺑﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺟﻮازﻳﻴﻦ أو ﻛﻮﻻك‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﺳﺘﻮﻋﺐ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺨﻴﻢ ﻫﺬا ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 3.6‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻗﻨﺎة ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪ ،‬ﻗﻨﺎة ﺑﻴﻠﻮﻣﻮر‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاﻧﺊ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﻤﻦ أﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺳﺠﻨﺎء ﺣﺼﺮًﻳﺎ‪ُ .‬ﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺨﺮة وﻣﺎت اﻵﻻف ﺧﻼل ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻈﺮوف ﻣﺮوﻋﺔ وﻛﺎن ﺣﺮاس ‪NKVD‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻴﻦ ﻋﻘﻠًﻴﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺣﺸﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻤﺪا ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻤﻮت ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ "أﻋﺪاء‬
‫ﺟﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ" اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻠﻮا ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪا ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺘﻲ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻧﻤﻮذ ً‬
‫اﻟﺴﺠﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﻮرت إﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻏﻮﻻغ اﻟﺬي اﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻧﻬﻴﺎره ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪.1989‬‬
‫وﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ داﻋﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻨﺎة إﻟﻰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻷﺧﺬ ﺳﻔﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺗﻢ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻟﻮﺣﺎت ﻋﺮض ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ﺑﺠﺪ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻷﻫﺪاف‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻨﺔ‪ .‬أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﻠﻮا ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻷﻫﺪاف اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻮا ﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎدات إﻋﻼﻣﻴﺔ وإﻫﺎﻧﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﻐﻂ وزاد اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ أدى ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاءات‬
‫اﻟﻘﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﺴﺠﻼت ﻋﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل وﺗﻐﻴﺒﻬﻢ وﺳﻮء ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻬﻢ‪ .‬إذا ﻛﺎن ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺿﻌﻴًﻔﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ اُﺗﻬﻢ ﺑﻤﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﺔ وإذا ﺛﺒﺘﺖ إداﻧﺘﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻨﺎر ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻛﺎن ﺳﺘﺎﺧﺎﻧﻮف ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﻲ دوﻧﺒﺎس‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺤﻢ ﻓﻲ أوﻛﺮاﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺘﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻇﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﺗﺪﻳﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ وﻛﺎن ﻟﻬﺎ أﻫﺪاف إﻧﺘﺎج ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬إذا أﺧﻄﺄوا‬
‫اﻷﻫﺪاف‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﻴﻦ وﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﺸﻴﻮﻋﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻓﻲ ﻣﺄزق‪ .‬ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎﺧﺎﻧﻮف ﻣﻦ أﺳﻮأ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ أداًء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺪق‪ .‬ﻇﻞ ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ زﻳﺎدة إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﻪ ‪ -‬وﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﺳﺘﺎﺧﺎﻧﻮف ﻣﻨﺎﻓ ً‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺣﻞ راﺋﻊ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻓﻜﺮة أن ﻳﻘﻮم أﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﺑﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻔﺤﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮم‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺠﻢ آﺧﺮ ﺑﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺤﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺑﺪﻋﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮة‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﻮد راﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺼﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺜﻘﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻬﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ واﻟﺨﺎرج‪ .‬وﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﺳﺘﺎﺧﺎﻧﻮف ﺣﺮﻳ ً‬
‫ﺼﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺒﺎت ﺛﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن وزﻧﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪15‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﺣﺪﻳًﺜﺎ وﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺪرﻳًﺒﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼ ً‬
‫ﻛﺠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪى ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺠﻢ ﺷﻜﻮك ﺟﺪﻳﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺒﺎدرة ﺳﺘﺎﺧﺎﻧﻮف‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬أﻗﻨﻊ ﺳﺘﺎﺧﺎﻧﻮف ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬
‫ورﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﺠﺮﺑﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ‪ 30‬أﻏﺴﻄﺲ ‪ ،1935‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،22:00‬دﺧﻞ أﻟﻴﻜﺴﻲ ﺳﺘﺎﺧﺎﻧﻮف وﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ زﻣﻼﺋﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﺮﻓﻘﺔ رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﺤﺰب وﺻﺤﻔﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﻇﻬﺮوا ﻣﻨﺘﺼﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﺘﺠﻮا ‪102‬‬
‫ﻃﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺤﻢ ‪ -‬أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 14‬ﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﻬﺪف‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is one important idea related to ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬:١‫س‬
the workers that the writer mentions in ‫(؟‬4) ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ واﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
paragraph (4)?
D. They were hard working. .‫ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﺑﺠﺪ‬.‫د‬

Q2: Why does the writer mention the ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻣﺜﺎل ﺑﻨﺎء ﻗﻨﺎة ﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎر؟‬:٢‫س‬
example of the construction of the Belomar
Canal?
D. to show the difficulty of living under ‫ ﻹﻇﻬﺎر ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﺶ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ‬.‫د‬
Stalin

Q3: What is one important idea mentioned ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﻋﻦ‬:٣‫س‬
about Alexei Stakhanov in Paragraph (6)? ‫(؟‬6) ‫أﻟﻴﻜﺴﻲ ﺳﺘﺎﺧﺎﻧﻮف ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. He was an example of a good worker. .‫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺜﺎًﻻ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻴﺪ‬.‫أ‬

Q4: What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺔ؟‬:٤‫س‬
B. Stalin's successful 5-year plan ‫ ﺳﻨﻮات‬5 ‫ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ وﻣﺪﺗﻬﺎ‬.‫ب‬

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 🧠 ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Some experts may define memory as how the mind interprets, stores, and retrieves
information. Memories develop when a person processes an event, causing neurons to send
signals to each other, creating a network of connections of various strengths. (Q1) So, memory
is the reactivation of a specific neuronal pathway, which forms from the changes in the
strength and patterns of connections.
2- All of us desire to possess an excellent memory system that is robust and dependable.
Who, after all, (Q2) likes to face situations of memory failures that lead to so much of anxiety
and embarrassment? After learning about various memory related processes, you certainly
would like to know how your memory can be improved. There are a number of strategies for
improving memory. People with excellent memories and memory championship winners are
not too different from you. They just use a combination of techniques to enable their minds
to memorize things. But if you follow the right techniques, you can remember almost
anything you want.
3- The first technique is called the Memory Palace Technique where every piece of
information that you wish to remember is associated with parts of a location that you are
very familiar with such as your home. Mind Palaces can be used to remember names, faces,
languages, lists, academic material, and pretty much anything under the sun.
4- Another technique is spaced repetition. It’s easier to remember something that you read
yesterday than a paragraph you have read a year back. Hermann Ebbinghaus referred to this
as the forgetting curve. His research into the psychology of memory observed that we forget
most newly acquired information within a few hours or at the most a couple of days.
However, if you reinforce what you learn at regular intervals, it’s easier to retain that piece of
information from the long-term storage areas of your brain. The spaced repetition method is
all about practicing remembering at the right time.
5- (Q3) A useful hack to remember things that you read is to summarize a page or a paragraph
in the margin of the book as you read along. This reinforces absorption into your memory, as
well as helps you quickly remember the contents of the page when you look it up in the
future.
6- (Q4) The idea behind these strategies keeping your mind active is the best way to
strengthen memory. However, (Q5) they would be relatively effective if not accompanies with
exercise, healthy diets and enough sleep.

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 ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌّﺮف ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ واﺳﺘﺮدادﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻄﻮر‬
‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﺎت ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﻟﺞ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺣﺪًﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ إرﺳﺎل اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ إﺷﺎرات إﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ إﻧﺸﺎء ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت ذات ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬إذا‪ ،‬اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﻫﻲ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﻣﺴﺎر‬
‫ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮة وأﻧﻤﺎط اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻣﺘﻼك ﻧﻈﺎم ذاﻛﺮة ﻣﻤﺘﺎز ﻗﻮي وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‪ ،‬ﻳﺤﺐ أن‬
‫ﻳﻮاﺟﻪ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻗﺼﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ واﻹﺣﺮاج؟ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ أﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ذاﻛﺮﺗﻚ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‪ .‬اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ذوو اﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺮاﺋﻌﺔ واﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰون ﺑﺒﻄﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﻻ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻔﻮن‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴًﺮا ﻋﻨﻚ‪ .‬إﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﻟﺘﻤﻜﻴﻦ ﻋﻘﻮﻟﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‪ .‬وﻟﻜﻦ إذا اﺗﺒﻌﺖ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ أي ﺷﻲء ﺗﺮﻳﺪه ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﺮ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺄﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺪا ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام "ﻗﺼﻮر اﻟﻌﻘﻞ" ﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء واﻟﻮﺟﻮه واﻟﻠﻐﺎت واﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ واﻟﻤﻮاد‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻴ ً‬
‫اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ وأي ﺷﻲء ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﺳﻠﻮب آﺧﺮ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﻜﺮار اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻬﻞ أن ﺗﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﺷﻴًﺌﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺮأﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﺮة ﻗﺮأﺗﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎم‪ .‬أﺷﺎر ﻫﻴﺮﻣﺎن إﺑﻨﻐﻬﺎوس إﻟﻰ ﻫﺬا ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎن‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺑﺤﺜﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة أﻧﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻨﺴﻰ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﺣﺪﻳًﺜﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻀﻮن ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ أو ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﻦ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬إذا‬
‫ﻋﺰزت ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﺮات ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ اﻷﺳﻬﻞ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪى ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﻠﻚ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺮار اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪة ﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺮأﻫﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ أو ﻓﻘﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب أﺛﻨﺎء‬
‫ﻗﺮاءﺗﻚ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺰز ﻫﺬا اﻣﺘﺼﺎص ذاﻛﺮﺗﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪك ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻄﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬‫‪ -٦‬اﻟﻔﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ وراء ﻫﺬه اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت ﻫﻲ إﺑﻘﺎء ﻋﻘﻠﻚ ﻧﺸﻴ ً‬
‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺴﺒًﻴﺎ إذا ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺼﺤﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ واﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﻮم اﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which word or words can we use to ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ أو اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬:١‫س‬
replace the word so in Paragraph (1)? ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ‬
‫(؟‬1) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. in the same way ‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬.‫أ‬

Q2: How does the writer feel about ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎن؟‬:٢‫س‬
forgetfulness?
D. It could be embarrassing. .‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﺮﺟﺎ‬.‫د‬

Q3: What is one way to help remember ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻄﺮق ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬:٣‫س‬
things? ‫اﻷﺷﻴﺎء؟‬
B. summarizing ‫ اﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: What does the passage say about ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة؟‬:٤‫س‬
memory?
D. You need to work actively for it. .‫ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﺸﺎط ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫د‬

Q5: Why does the writer use the word ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻧﺴﺒًﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬:٥‫س‬
relatively in Paragraph (6)? ‫(؟‬6) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. to show it is slightly effective ‫ ﻹﺛﺒﺎت أﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ‬.‫أ‬

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 🪱 ‫دودة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻔﻴﺮوﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- A computer worm is a form of software that can (Q 1) replicate and spread itself on a
network, accessing other computers and devices connected to the (Q2) infected host. Worms
can be malware, often used by hackers to eat up bandwidth or manipulate files or programs
on the system.
2- A worm is different from a virus in that it does not require the host system in order to
replicate. Like a parasitic worm, it can act independently. It can replicate and spread without
the need for human intervention, such as a shared file.
3- Worms can (Q3) modify and delete files, and they can even inject additional malicious
software onto a computer. Sometimes a computer worm’s purpose is only to make copies of
itself over and over — depleting system resources, such as hard drive space or bandwidth, by
overloading a shared network. In addition to wreaking havoc on a computer’s resources,
worms can also steal data, install a backdoor, and allow a hacker to gain control over a
computer and its system settings.
4- Some worms, on the other hand, can be helpful in gauging network sizes and tracking
vulnerabilities. The Welchia worm, for example, infected computers with a certain end-of-life
Windows vulnerability and automatically downloaded security patches for that vulnerability,
deleting itself after a certain period of time.
‫ واﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬،‫ دودة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﺮار وﻧﺸﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬-١
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﻴﺮوﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ‬.‫إﻟﻰ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ واﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻀﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺼﺎب‬
‫ وﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻠﻠﻮن ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﺮددي أو اﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت أو اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬،‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺿﺎرة‬
.‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺪودة‬.‫ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﺪودة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻴﺮوﺳﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻀﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ‬-٢
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ اﻟﺘﻜﺮار واﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎر دون اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺸﺮي‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬،‫اﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﻠﻒ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬
.‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺿﺎرة إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬،‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﺪان ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت وﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ‬-٣
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي‬- ‫ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ دودة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻣﺮاًرا وﺗﻜﺮاًرا‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن‬
‫ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬،‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺤﺮك اﻷﻗﺮاص اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ أو اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﺮددي‬،‫إﻟﻰ اﺳﺘﻨﻔﺎد ﻣﻮارد اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﺪان أﻳ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ إﺣﺪاث ﻓﻮﺿﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮارد اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬.‫اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬
.‫ واﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﻟﻠﻘﺮاﺻﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ وإﻋﺪادات ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻪ‬،‫ وﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺎب ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬،‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬
.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺪﻳﺪان ﻣﻔﻴﺪة ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎس أﺣﺠﺎم اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت وﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‬-٤
‫ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﺜﻐﺮة أﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم‬Welchia ‫ أﺻﺎب اﻟﻔﻴﺮوس اﻟﻤﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ وﺣﺬف‬،‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ وﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎت اﻷﻣﺎن ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋًﻴﺎ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﺜﻐﺮة اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬Windows ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
.‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬

446
 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The word replicate in the passage is ‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﻜﺮار" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬:١‫س‬
closest in meaning to _____ _____ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬
B. copy. .‫ ﻳﻨﺴﺦ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: The word infected in the passage is ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬:٢‫س‬
closest in meaning to _____ _____ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
D. damaged. .‫ ﻳﺘﻠﻒ‬.‫د‬

Q3: The word modify in the passage is ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﻌﺪل" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺺ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬:٣‫س‬
closest in meaning to _____ _____ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬
C. change. .‫ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬.‫ج‬

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 💻 ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Before moving on to the more pragmatic elements of teaching in a digital age, it is
necessary to address the question of whether the development of digital technologies has
actually changed the nature of knowledge, because if that is the case, then this will influence
strongly what needs to be taught as well as how it will be taught.
2- Connectivists such as Siemens and Downes argues that the Internet has changed the
nature of knowledge. They argue that ‘important’ or ‘valid’ knowledge now is different from
prior forms of knowledge, particularly academic knowledge. Downes (2007) has argued that
(Q1) new technologies allow for the de-institutionalization of learning. (Q2) Chris Anderson, the
editor of Wired Magazine and now Curator of Ted Talks, has argued (2008) that massive
meta-data correlations can replace ‘traditional’ scientific approaches to creating new
knowledge:
3- This is a world where massive amounts of data and applied mathematics replace every
other tool that might be brought to bear. Out with every theory of human behavior, from
linguistics to sociology. Forget taxonomy, ontology, and psychology. Who knows why people
do what they do? The point is they do it, and we can track and measure it with
unprecedented fidelity. With enough data, the numbers speak for themselves.
4- Back in the 1960s Marshall McLuhan (1964) argued that (Q3) the medium is the message;
the way information is represented and transmitted is changed and so is our focus and
understanding as information moves between and within different media. If information and
knowledge are now represented and more significantly now flow differently, how does that
affect educational processes such as teaching and learning?
5- One way knowledge is certainly changing is in the way it is represented. It should be
remembered that Socrates (according to Plato) criticized writing because it could not lead to
‘true’ knowledge which came only from verbal dialogue and oratory. (Q4) Writing however is
important because it provides a permanent record of knowledge. (Q5) The printing press was
important because it enabled the written word to spread to many more people. As a
consequence, scholars could challenge and better interpret, through reflection, what others
had written, and more accurately and carefully argue their own positions. Many scholars
believe that one consequence of the development of mass printing was the Renaissance and
the age of enlightenment, and modern academia consequently came to depend very heavily
on the print medium.
6- Now we have other ways to record and transmit knowledge that can be studied and
reflected upon, such as video, audio, animations, and graphics, and the Internet does expand
enormously the speed and range by which these representations of knowledge can be
transmitted.

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 ‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل إﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺲ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ واﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ إذا‬
‫ﻛﺎن ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻏﻴﺮت ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺆﺛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﻮة‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺪرﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﺠﺎدل اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﻨﺰ وداوﻧﺰ ﺑﺄن اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺎدﻟﻮن ﺑﺄن‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ "اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ" أو "اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ" ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻵن ﻋﻦ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺎدل داوﻧﺰ )‪) (2007‬س ‪ (4‬ﺑﺄن اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺈﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﺟﺎدل ﻛﺮﻳﺲ‬
‫أﻧﺪرﺳﻮن‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺮر ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ‪ ،Wired‬واﻵن أﻣﻴﻦ ‪(2008) ،Ted Talks‬أن ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬
‫ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ "اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ" ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻫﺬا ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺎت ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﻞ أداة أﺧﺮى ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع‪ .‬ﻧﻨﺴﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ وﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد وﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺮف ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮﻧﻪ؟ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ أﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮن‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻪ وﻗﻴﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻷرﻗﺎم ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺘﻴﻨﻴﺎت‪ ،‬ﺟﺎدل ﻣﺎرﺷﺎل ﻣﺎﻛﻠﻮﻫﺎن )‪ (1964‬ﺑﺄن اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ؛ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻧﺎ وﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ وداﺧﻞ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬إذا ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻵن‪ ،‬واﻷﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻵن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺲ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ؟‬
‫‪ -٥‬إﺣﺪى اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻧﺘﺬﻛﺮ أن‬
‫ﺳﻘﺮاط )وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻷﻓﻼﻃﻮن( اﻧﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ "ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ" واﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎءت ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻼ داﺋ ً‬
‫اﻟﺤﻮار اﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ واﻟﺨﻄﺎﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺳﺠ ً‬
‫ﻣﻜﻨﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺗﺤﺪي ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‬
‫اﻵﺧﺮون وﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮه ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ‪ ،‬وﺑﺪﻗﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ وﺣﺮص ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻣﻮاﻗﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء أن إﺣﺪى ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺼﺮ اﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ وﻋﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﺮ‪،‬‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻷوﺳﺎط اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺳﺎﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬اﻵن ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻃﺮق أﺧﺮى ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ وﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ دراﺳﺘﻬﺎ واﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬
‫واﻟﺼﻮت واﻟﺮﺳﻮم اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ واﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‪ ،‬وﻳﻮﺳﻊ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ واﻟﻤﺪى اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻼت اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻫﺬه‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What can we understand about new ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ‬:١‫س‬
technologies from Paragraph (2)? ‫(؟‬2) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
B. They present various risks to the society. .‫ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Which of the following does the writer ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ إﻧﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬:٢‫س‬
say is a fact?
A. Chris Anderson is TED Talks CEO. ‫ ﻛﺮﻳﺲ أﻧﺪرﺳﻮن ﻫﻮ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬي ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬.‫أ‬
.TED Talks

Q3: What word does the expression "the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺮرﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬:٣‫س‬
way information is represented and ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ"؟‬
transmitted" repeat?
B. medium ‫ وﺳﻴﻂ‬.‫ب‬

Q4: How is the writer's view of writing as a ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬:٤‫س‬
medium of knowledge different from ‫ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻘﺮاط؟‬
Socrates' view?
C. He believes it is an effective record of .‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻪ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬.‫ج‬
knowledge.

Q5: What can we understand about the ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬:٥‫س‬
printing press from Paragraph (4)? ‫(؟‬4) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
C. That it spread quickly in various .‫ أﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺸﺮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ دول ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫ج‬
countries.

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 ⚙ ‫اﻷﺛﺮ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
1- The Industrial Revolution brought great riches to most of the entrepreneurs who helped
set it in motion. For the millions of workers who crowded into the new factories, however,
the industrial age brought poverty and harsh living conditions.
2- In time, reforms would curb many of the worst abuses of the early industrial age in Europe
and the Americas. As standards of living increased, people at all levels of society would
benefit from industrialization. Until then, working people would suffer with dangerous
working conditions; unsafe, unsanitary, and over- crowded housing; and unrelenting poverty.
A. People Move to New Industrial Cities
3- The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the movement of people to cities.
Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand for workers
led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Almost overnight, small towns around
coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities. Other cities grew up around the factories that
entrepreneurs built in once-quiet market towns.
4- The British market town of Manchester numbered 17,000 people in the 1750s. Within a
few years, it exploded into a center of the textile industry. Its population soared to 40,000 by
1780 and (Q1) 70,000 by 1801. Visitors described the "cloud of coal vapor" that polluted.
B. New Social Classes Emerge
5- The Industrial Revolution created a new middle class along with the working class. Those in
(Q2) the middle class owned and operated the new factories, mines, and railroads, among
other industries. Their lifestyle was much more comfortable than that of the industrial
working class.
6- When farm families moved to the new industrial cities, they became workers in mines or
factories. Many felt lost and bewildered. They faced tough working conditions in
uncomfortable environments. In time, though, factory and mine workers developed their
own sense of community despite the terrible working conditions.
C. The Industrial Middle Class
7- (Q3) Those who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution were the entrepreneurs who
set it in motion. The Industrial Revolution created this new middle class, or bourgeoisie,
whose members came from a variety of backgrounds. Some were merchants who invested
their growing profits in factories. Others were inventors or skilled artisans who developed
new technologies. Some rose from "rags to riches," a pattern that the age greatly admired.

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‫‪8- Middle-class families lived in well-furnished, spacious homes on paved streets and had a‬‬
‫‪ready supply of water. They wore fancy clothing and ate well. The new middle class took‬‬
‫‪pride in their hard work and their determination to "get ahead." Only a few had sympathy for‬‬
‫‪the poor. Women of the middle class did not leave the home to work but instead focused‬‬
‫‪their energy on raising their children. This contrasted with the wealthy, who had‬‬
‫‪maidservants to look after their children, and the working class, whose children were a part‬‬
‫‪of the workforce.‬‬
‫‪١‬اﻷﺛﺮ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪- ١‬ﺟﻠﺒﺖ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺛﺮوات ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ رواد اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪوا ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻜﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻼﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﺬﻳﻦ اﺣﺘﺸﺪوا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ واﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪- ٢‬ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻜﺒﺢ اﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ أﺳﻮأ اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﻛﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ‬
‫واﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺘﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻣﻊ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻇﺮوف ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﺮة؛ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻵﻣﻨﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺰدﺣﻤﺔ؛ واﻟﻔﻘﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﻳﻠﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻠﻮن إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬
‫‪- ٣‬ﺟﻠﺒﺖ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻀﺮ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ أو ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪن‪ .‬أدت اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺰاﻳﺪ‪ ،‬واﻟﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﺰاﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‪ ،‬إﻟﻰ ﻫﺠﺮة اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺰارع إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪن‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺸﻴﺔ وﺿﺤﺎﻫﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ‪ ،‬اﻧﺘﺸﺮت اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة ﺣﻮل ﻣﻨﺎﺟﻢ اﻟﻔﺤﻢ أو اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن‪ .‬ﻧﺸﺄت ﻣﺪن أﺧﺮى‬
‫ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ رﺟﺎل اﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪات اﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎدﺋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻷﻳﺎم‪.‬‬
‫‪- ٤‬ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﺸﺴﺘﺮ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ 17000‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻤﺴﻴﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻀﻮن ﺳﻨﻮات ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬اﻧﻔﺠﺮت ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺮﻛًﺰا ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‪ .‬ارﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ‪ 40.000‬ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺎم ‪1780‬‬
‫و ‪ 70000‬ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺎم ‪ .1801‬وﺻﻔﻬﺎ اﻟﺰوار "ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺨﺎر اﻟﻔﺤﻢ" اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ .‬ﻇﻬﻮر ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬
‫‪- ٥‬ﺧﻠﻘﺖ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ وﺳﻄﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ .‬أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدون ﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻜﻮن وﻳﺪﻳﺮون اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫أﺧﺮى‪ .‬ﻛﺎن أﺳﻠﻮب ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ أﻛﺜﺮ راﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺳﻠﻮب ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪- ٦‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﻼت اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‪ ،‬أﺻﺒﺤﻮا ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ أو اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻴﺎع واﻟﺤﻴﺮة‪ ،‬وواﺟﻬﻮا ﻇﺮوف ﻋﻤﻞ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﻳﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮر‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ وﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ إﺣﺴﺎﺳﻬﻢ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺮﻫﻴﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ج‪ .‬اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪- ٧‬أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدوا أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﻢ رواد اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﻃﻠﻘﻮﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺧﻠﻘﺖ اﻟﺜﻮرة‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺒﺮﺟﻮازﻳﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎء أﻋﻀﺎؤﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺗﺠﺎرﴽ اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺮوا أرﺑﺎﺣﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺰاﻳﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ‪ .‬ﻛﺎن آﺧﺮون ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺮﻋﻴﻦ أو اﻟﺤﺮﻓﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﺮة‬
‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻃﻮروا ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‪ .‬ارﺗﻘﻰ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ "اﻟﺨﺮق إﻟﻰ اﻟﺜﺮاء"‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻧﻤﻂ أﻋﺠﺐ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻛﺜﻴًﺮا‪.‬‬
‫ﺪا ﻓﻲ ﺷﻮارع ﻣﺮﺻﻮﻓﺔ وﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ إﻣﺪادات‬ ‫‪ -٨‬ﻋﺎﺷﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﻼت اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎزل واﺳﻌﺔ وﻣﻔﺮوﺷﺔ ﺟﻴ ً‬
‫ﺟﺎﻫﺰة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﺮﺗﺪون ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﻓﺎﺧﺮة وﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮن ﺟﻴﺪا‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻓﺨﻮرة‬
‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻬﻢ اﻟﺠﺎد وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ "اﻟﻤﻀﻲ ﻗﺪًﻣﺎ"‪ .‬اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻔﻮا ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء‪ .‬ﻟﻢ ﺗﻐﺎدر ﻧﺴﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ رﻛﺰن ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻬﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﻦ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻷﺛﺮﻳﺎء‪ ،‬اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺧﺎدﻣﺎت ﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺟﺰًءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮى‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: By 1801, what was the population of ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن ﻣﺎﻧﺸﺴﺘﺮ؟‬،1801 ‫ ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺎم‬:١‫س‬
Manchester?
B. 70,000 70000 .‫ب‬

Q2: Who owned the new factories, mines, ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي اﻣﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ واﻟﺴﻜﻚ‬:٢‫س‬
and railroads? ‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة؟‬
D. the middle class ‫ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬.‫د‬

Q3: Which group of people benefited most ‫ أي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس اﺳﺘﻔﺎدت أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬:٣‫س‬
from the Industrial Revolution? ‫اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬
A. entrepreneurs ‫ رﺟﺎل اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬.‫أ‬

453
 🐪 ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻷﺣﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Deserts are some of the most widespread yet (Q1) unexplored biomes. They cover about
1/3 of the earth’s surface and are found in 60 of the world’s nations. The largest hot desert
biome (the subtropical Sahara) stretches over 3.5 million square miles or 9 million square
kilometers. However, the Antarctica, which is a polar desert, is the largest desert overall.
Many people assume that deserts cannot support any form of life, (Q2) but they actually
harbor about 4,000 different plants and animal species. Since desert biomes receive little
precipitation per year, the conditions are very hostile for plants and animals as (Q3) they have
to survive with little water.
The desert biomes of the world are located in six biogeographic domains including:
The Australian deserts
2- The Australian deserts consist of a collection of lowlands arid eco-regions in the heartland
of Australia. They are hardly inhabited, and their average population density is lower than
one person per square kilometer. Of all the deserts in the world, Australian deserts have the
lowest human population, by far.
Afrotropic deserts
3- These desert biomes are located in Sub-Saharan Africa, including the southern fringe of
the Arabian Peninsula. The biome receives a lot of pressure from humans, particularly in
Madagascar and the horn of Africa.
The Indo-Malay region
4- The Indo-Malay region consists of 2 hot lowlands including the Indus Valley and the Thar.
These deserts top the world deserts regarding human footprint.
The Neotropic deserts
5- Those located in South America cover an area of about 684, 000 million square miles.
However, only 6 percent of this total area is protected.
The Nearctic deserts
6- These deserts cover an estimated area of 1.04 million square miles in North America. Due
to the expansion of urban corporations like Phoenix in the U.S., (Q4) their average population
is relatively high.
Palearctic domain
7- This domain concentrates the largest range of desserts in the entire world, covering an
area of a staggering 9.9 million square miles. That’s, essentially, 63% of all deserts in the
world. These deserts are famous for their extreme dryness and sheer inaccessibility. The
Sahara desert in Africa covers an area of about 9.9 square miles or approximately 10% of the
African continent. On the flip side, the deserts located in the Central area are characterized
by folded mountains, high landscape heterogeneity, as well as enclosed basins.

454
 ‫‪ -١‬اﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﻫﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻷﺣﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻜﺸﻔﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺘﺸﺎًرا‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‬
‫وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ‪ 60‬دوﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ دول اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺘﺪ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﺻﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ ﺳﺎﺧﻨﺔ )اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء ﺷﺒﻪ اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ(‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ‪ 3.5‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ أو ‪ 9‬ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻘﺎرة اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وﻫﻲ ﺻﺤﺮاء ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺻﺤﺮاء ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم‪ .‬ﻳﻔﺘﺮض اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس أن اﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫أي ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﺗﺆوي ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 4000‬ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت واﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺪا ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬
‫ﻧﻈًﺮا ﻷن اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻷﺣﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﻠﻘﻰ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻄﺎر ﺳﻨﻮًﻳﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻈﺮوف ﻣﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﺟ ً‬
‫واﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻷﺣﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎرى اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺼﺤﺎرى اﻷﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ‬
‫أﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎد ﻣﺄﻫﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﺎن‪ ،‬وﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺘﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ واﺣﺪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﻢ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻷﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪ ،‬إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎرى اﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﻘﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻷﺣﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺒﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻠﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻷﺣﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻏﺸﻘﺮ واﻟﻘﺮن‬
‫اﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻻوﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺘﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﻨﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ وادي اﻟﺴﻨﺪ وﺛﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﺤﺎرى ﺗﺘﺼﺪر ﺻﺤﺎرى اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺪم اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎرى ﻧﻴﻮﺗﺮوﺑﻴﻚ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 684‬أﻟﻒ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن ‪ 6‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﺎرى ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﻘﺪر ﺑـ ‪ 1.04‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻓﻲ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﻈًﺮا ﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ Phoenix‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻧﺴﺒًﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎل ‪Palearctic‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎرى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺄﺳﺮه‪ ،‬وﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ‪9.9‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎس‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ‪ ٪63‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﺘﻬﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﺤﺎري‬
‫ﺑﺠﻔﺎﻓﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ وﻋﺪم إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء اﻟﻜﺒﺮى ﻓﻲ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 9.9‬ﻣﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ أو ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ‪ ٪ 10‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎرة اﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺣﻮاض اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺒﺎل اﻟﻤﻄﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﺪم ﺗﺠﺎﻧﺲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ً‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What two phrases does the writer use‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرﺗﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻴﻘﻮل‬
‫?‪to say that deserts have few people‬‬ ‫إن اﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﺑﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس؟‬
‫‪C. unexplored; hardly inhabited‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻜﺸﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎد ﻳﺴﻜﻨﻬﺎ أﺣﺪ‪.‬‬

‫?‪Q2: Which of the following is a fact‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬
‫‪D. Deserts are large and support a variety‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﻛﺒﻴﺮة وﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪of species.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻮاع‪.‬‬

‫‪Q3: What can we understand about desert‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت‬
‫?‪species‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ؟‬
‫‪A. They can survive with little water.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‪.‬‬

‫‪Q4: What can we understand about the‬‬ ‫س‪ :٤‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري‬
‫?‪Australian and the Nearctic deserts‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﻘﻄﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪B. The Nearctic deserts have more people.‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬اﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس‪.‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ 🌱‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: Which two fields extract and use the‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬أي ﺣﻘﻼن ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺎن وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ‬
‫?‪most water‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه؟‬
‫‪D. Agriculture and Domestic use.‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ واﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q2: Which year will have the highest‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫?‪consumption of water for industry use‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ؟‬
‫‪A. 2025‬‬ ‫أ‪2025 .‬‬

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 ❄ ‫اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎرات اﻟﺜﻠﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Backcountry winter activities such as skiing and snowmobiling are exhilarating adventures,
but can also have serious risks. This winter, avalanches in the United States have claimed the
lives of seventeen people, including four this past weekend.
2- A product of weather and topography, avalanches depend on the steepness of a terrain. A
slope between 25° and 60° is considered most favorable for a dangerous slide. A steeper
gradient will cause more frequent, but smaller events. Snow, the other key ingredient,
accumulates on mountain slopes in layers, forming a snow-pack over time. Each layer is
different in texture and weight, depending on the moisture content of the snow. Once on the
ground, the snow remains subject to atmospheric conditions. As temperatures rise and fall,
the process of melting and re-freezing can form seams of instability in the snow-pack.
Eventually, something will trigger an (Q1) unstable (Q2) slab to overcome the delicate friction
holding it in place.
3- Triggers can be natural or man-made. Some natural triggers include the weight of
additional snow, sudden changes in temperature, and falling trees. People can set off
avalanches when their activities traverse an unstable snow slab. Once a slab breaks away, it
will cascade down the mountain engulfing anything in its path. So, if you are heading out to
the back woods, it is vital to heed the avalanche warnings in your area.
‫ وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ‬،‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻣﺮات ﻣﺒﻬﺠﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﺰﻟﺞ واﻟﺘﺰﻟﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺸﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﻳﻒ‬-١
‫ أودت اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎرات اﻟﺜﻠﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﺑﺤﻴﺎة ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬،‫ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﺘﺎء‬.‫ﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺔ‬ً ‫ﺗﻨﻄﻮي أﻳ‬
.‫ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬،‫ﺼﺎ‬
ً ‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﺷﺨ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺪة اﻧﺤﺪار اﻟﺘﻀﺎرﻳﺲ‬،‫ وﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻄﻘﺲ واﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎرات اﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬-٢
‫ ﺳﻴﺆدي اﻟﺘﺪرج اﻟﺤﺎد إﻟﻰ أﺣﺪاث أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻜﺮارا‬.‫ درﺟﺔ ﻫﻮ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺮ‬60‫ درﺟﺔ و‬25 ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺪر ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﻜﻮًﻧﺎ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺛﻠﺠﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺪرات اﻟﺠﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت‬،‫ اﻟﻤﻜﻮن اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ اﻵﺧﺮ‬،‫ ﻳﺘﺮاﻛﻢ اﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬.‫وﻟﻜﻦ أﺻﻐﺮ‬
‫ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد‬.‫ اﻋﺘﻤﺎًدا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬،‫ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻤﺲ واﻟﻮزن‬.‫ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬،‫ ﻣﻊ ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻈﺮوف اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬ً ‫ ﻳﻈﻞ اﻟﺜﻠﺞ ﺧﺎﺿ‬،‫وﺻﻮﻟﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻷرض‬
‫ ﺳﻴﺆدي ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬.‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺬوﺑﺎن وإﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻓﻲ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬
.‫إﻟﻰ إﻃﻼق ﻟﻮح ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰات اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ زﻳﺎدة وزن‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰات ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ أو ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬-٣
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس إﻃﻼق اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎرات اﻟﺜﻠﺠﻴﺔ‬.‫ وﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر‬،‫ واﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬،‫اﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬
‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺪﺣﺮج أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺠﺒﻞ وﻳﺒﺘﻠﻊ‬،‫ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن ﻳﻨﻜﺴﺮ اﻟﻠﻮح‬.‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﺘﺎز أﻧﺸﻄﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻮح ﺛﻠﺠﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬
‫ ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه إﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮات اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎر‬،‫ إذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺘﺠﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻟﺬا‬.‫أي ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬
.‫اﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪي ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﻚ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: The word unstable in the passage is ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬:١‫س‬
closest in meaning to _____ _____ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬
C. loose. .‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺨﻲ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: The word slab in the passage is closest ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ‬:٢‫س‬
in meaning to _____ _____ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬
A. chunk. .‫ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬.‫أ‬

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 🥺 ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- According to functionalist theories of emotion, emotions help people manage important
tasks. Fear, for example, mobilizes the body to fight or flee; happiness rewards achieving
goals and builds attachments to other people. What do knowledge emotions do? They
motivate learning, viewed in its broadest sense, during times that the environment is puzzling
or erratic. Sometimes the learning is on a short time scale. Surprise, for example, makes
people stop what they are doing, pay attention to the surprising thing, and evaluate whether
it is dangerous. After a couple seconds, people have learned what they needed to know and
get back to what they were doing. But sometimes the learning takes place over the lifespan.
Interest, for example, motivates people to learn about things over days, weeks, and years.
Finding something interesting motivates “for its own sake” learning and is probably the major
engine of human competence.
2- What causes emotions to happen in the first place? Although it usually feels like something
in the world—(Q1) a good hug, a snake slithering across the driveway, a hot-air balloon shaped
like a question mark—causes an emotion directly, (Q1) emotion theories contend that
emotions come from how we think about what is happening in the world, not what is literally
happening. After all, if things in the world directly caused emotions, everyone would always
have the same emotion in response to something. Appraisal theories propose that each
emotion is caused by a group of appraisals, which are evaluations and judgments of what
events in the world mean for our goals and well-being: Is this relevant to me? Does it further
or hinder my goals? Can I deal with it or do something about it? Did someone do it on
purpose? Different emotions come from different answers to these appraisal questions.
3- With that as a background, in the following sections we’ll consider the nature, causes, and
effects of each knowledge emotion. Afterward, we will consider some of their practical
implications.
4- Nothing gets people’s attention like something startling. Surprise, a simple emotion,
hijacks a person’s mind and body and focuses them on a source of possible danger. When
there’s a loud, unexpected crash, people stop, freeze, and orient to the source of the noise.
Their minds are wiped clean—after something startling, people usually can’t remember what
they had been talking about—and attention is focused on what just happened. By focusing all
the body’s resources on the unexpected event, surprise helps people respond quickly.
5- Surprise has only one appraisal: A single “expectedness check” seems to be involved.
When an event is “high contrast”—it sticks out against the background of what people
expected to perceive or experience—people become surprised.

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‫‪6- Learning about the knowledge emotions expands our ideas about what emotions are and‬‬
‫‪what they do. (Q2) Emotions clearly play important roles in everyday challenges such as‬‬
‫‪responding to threats and building (Q3) relationships. But emotions also aid in other, more‬‬
‫‪intellectual challenges for humans. Compared with other animals, we are born with little‬‬
‫‪knowledge but have the potential for enormous intelligence. Emotions such as surprise,‬‬
‫‪interest, confusion, and awe first signal that something awry has happened that deserves our‬‬
‫‪attention. (Q4) They then motivate us to engage with the new things that strain our‬‬
‫‪understanding of the world and how it works. (Q5) Emotions surely aid fighting and fleeing, but‬‬
‫‪for most of the hours of most of our days, they mostly aid in learning, exploring, and‬‬
‫‪reflecting.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻓﻲ إدارة اﻟﻤﻬﺎم اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺨﻮف ﻣﺜﻼ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺸﺪ اﻟﺠﺴﺪ ﻟﻠﻘﺘﺎل أو اﻟﻔﺮار‪ .‬ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ اﻟﺴﻌﺎدة ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻷﻫﺪاف وﺗﺒﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ؟ إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﻔﺰ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ أوﺳﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ اﻷوﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺤﻴﺮة أو ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق زﻣﻨﻲ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺄة‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫ن‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻔﻮن ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳﻨﺘﺒﻬﻮن إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺊ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﻴﻤﻮن ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﺧﻄﻴًﺮا‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻀﻊ ﺛﻮا ٍ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮن إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ واﻟﻌﻮدة إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن ﻳﺤﺪث اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺪى اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ .‬اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﺤﻔﺰ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪار اﻷﻳﺎم واﻷﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫واﻟﺴﻨﻮات‪ .‬إن اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻳﺤﻔﺰ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ "ﻟﺬاﺗﻪ" ورﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﺮك اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﻔﺎءة‬
‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎم اﻷول؟ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻪ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪو وﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ‪ -‬ﻋﻨﺎق ﺟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻌﺒﺎن ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻖ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﺎد اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ‪ -‬ﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‪ ،‬ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ أن اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺪث ﺣﺮﻓًﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‪ ،‬إذا ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﻜﻮن ﻟﺪى‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑًﺔ ﻟﺸﻲء ﻣﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﺘﺮح ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ أن ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ داﺋ ً‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻤﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﺎت وأﺣﻜﺎم ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻨﻴﻪ اﻷﺣﺪاث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻷﻫﺪاﻓﻨﺎ ورﻓﺎﻫﻴﺘﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻲ؟ ﻫﻞ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ أو ﻳﻌﻴﻖ أﻫﺪاﻓﻲ؟ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ أو اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺸﻲء ﺣﻴﺎل ذﻟﻚ؟ ﻫﻞ ﻗﺎم أﺣﺪﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ؟ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ذﻟﻚ ﻛﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ وأﺳﺒﺎب وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ آﺛﺎرﻫﺎ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻻ ﺷﻲء ﻳﺠﺬب اﻧﺘﺒﺎه اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺬﻫﻞ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺄة‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺘﻄﻒ ﻋﻘﻞ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫وﺟﺴﺪه وﺗﺮﻛﺰه ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك اﺻﻄﺪام ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ وﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫وﻳﺘﺠﻤﺪون وﻳﺘﻮﺟﻬﻮن إﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﻣﺴﺢ ﻋﻘﻮﻟﻬﻢ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ ‪ -‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺬﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﺎدًة ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮن ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ -‬وﻳﺘﺮﻛﺰ اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪث ﻟﻠﺘﻮ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻮارد‬
‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪث ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺄة اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺄة ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪو أن ﻫﻨﺎك "ﻓﺤﺺ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ" واﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﺪث ﻣﺎ "ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ" ‪ -‬ﻳﺒﺮز ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس إدراﻛﻪ أو ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺘﻪ ‪ -‬ﻳﺼﺎب اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻫﺸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻳﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ أﻓﻜﺎرﻧﺎ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ وﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ أن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ أدواًرا ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎت اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪات وﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎت ﻓﻜﺮﻳﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺄة واﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم‬
‫واﻻرﺗﺒﺎك واﻟﺮﻫﺒﺔ أوًﻻ إﻟﻰ أن ﺷﻴًﺌﺎ ﻏﺮﻳًﺒﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪث وﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﺤﻔﺰوﻧﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺨﺮاط ﻓﻲ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻫﻖ ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ أن اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل واﻟﻔﺮار‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻌﻈﻢ أﻳﺎﻣﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ واﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف واﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What can we understand from ‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎق‬2) ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:١‫س‬
Paragraph (2) about a good hug? ‫اﻟﺠﻴﺪ؟‬
C. It may cause different feelings in .‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻨﺎس‬.‫ج‬
different people.

Q2: How are functionalist theories of ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻋﻦ‬:٢‫س‬
emotions different from appraisal ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ؟‬
theories?
B. According to functionalist theories, ‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬
emotions help us build relationships or .‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت أو اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪات‬
respond to threats.

Q3: What idea does the word ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺮرﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻋﻼﻗﺎت" ﻓﻲ‬:٣‫س‬
"relationships" in Paragraph (6) repeat? ‫(؟‬4) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
C. attachments to other people ‫ ﻣﺮﻓﻘﺎت ﻷﺷﺨﺎص آﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ج‬

Q4: What can we understand from the ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ؟‬:٤‫س‬
passage about emotions?
B. Emotions make us want to know more ‫ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬.‫ب‬
about the world around us. .‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻨﺎ‬

Q5: Which of the following is the writer's ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬:٥‫س‬
opinion?
D. Emotions help us learn, explore, and ‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ واﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف‬.‫د‬
reflect. .‫واﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ‬

462
 📈 ‫اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Hyperinflation is used to describe situations where the prices of all goods and services rise
uncontrollably over a defined time period. In other words, hyperinflation is extremely rapid
inflation. Often, some external event occurs, such as war, uprising, or a global pandemic. A
government prints and injects more money into the domestic economy or to cover budget
deficits. When more money is put into circulation, the real value of the currency decreases
and prices rise which prompts consumers to panic-buy anything that will hold value and thus
create massive shortages. Governments print more money to try and counter the effects,
and it all becomes a vicious cycle.
2- What constitutes hyperinflation is subjective, but economists tend to favor Phillip Cagan’s
definition of a monthly price increase of at least 50%. In fact, there have been some instances
that far surpassed that figure. In Zimbabwe during 2007-2008, prices doubled in about a day,
according to the Cato Institute.
3- In an attempt to avoid paying for higher prices tomorrow due to hyperinflation, individuals
typically begin investing in durable goods such as equipment, machinery, jewelry, etc. In
situations of prolonged hyperinflation, individuals will begin to accumulate perishable goods.
4- However, that practice causes a vicious cycle – (Q1) as prices rise, people keep buying goods
more and more, creating higher demand for goods and further increasing prices, especially
for goods that become unavailable. If hyperinflation continues unabated, it nearly always
causes a major economic collapse.
5- When hyperinflation hits, (Q2) you are incentivized to spend your devaluing currency into
anything that is a better store of value. In extreme cases where prices are doubling in a
matter of days, almost anything non-perishable becomes a store of value. For example, it’s
probably better to buy a couch and store your value in it than in the currency.
6- Zimbabwe is a country that experienced significant hyperinflation in the past. (Q3) In 2007,
the government declared inflation illegal. Anyone who raised the prices for goods and
services was subject to arrest. This amounted to a price freeze, which is usually ineffective in
halting inflation. Officials arrested numerous corporate executives for changing their prices.
Prices in shops and restaurants were still quoted in Zimbabwean dollars, (Q2) but were
adjusted several times a day. Any Zimbabwean who acquired their local currency needed to
exchange it for foreign currency so as not to suffer a significant loss of value. (Q3) Transactors
could evade the price freezes and the mandate to use Zimbabwean dollars through the black
market which served the demand for daily goods such as soap and bread. At one point, a loaf
of bread was Z$550,000,000 in the regular market, when bread was even available; apart
from a trip to another country, the black market was the only option for almost all goods.

463
 ‫‪ -١‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط ﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أﺳﻌﺎر ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺴﻠﻊ واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻼل ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط ﻫﻮ ﺗﻀﺨﻢ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺪث ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺮب أو اﻧﺘﻔﺎﺿﺔ أو وﺑﺎء ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻮم اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮال وﺿﺨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ أو ﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﺠﺰ اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺪاول اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮال‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﺔ وﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺬﻋﺮ ﻟﺸﺮاء أي‬
‫ﺷﻲء ﻟﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻫﺎﺋﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﻄﺒﻊ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮال ﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻵﺛﺎر‪،‬‬
‫وﻳﺼﺒﺢ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻔﺮﻏﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻣﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﻴﻠﻮن إﻟﻰ ﺗﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬إن ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻀﺨ ً‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻣﻔﺮ ً‬
‫ﻛﺎﺟﺎن ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ .٪50‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎوزت ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ زﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮي ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ‪ ،2008-2007‬ﺗﻀﺎﻋﻔﺖ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻳﻮم واﺣﺪ‪ ،‬وﻓًﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ ﻛﺎﺗﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺪا ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻷﻓﺮاد ﻋﺎدًة ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ دﻓﻊ أﺳﻌﺎر أﻋﻠﻰ ﻏ ً‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺮة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات واﻵﻻت واﻟﻤﺠﻮﻫﺮات وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط ﻟﻔﺘﺮات ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺒﺪأ اﻷﻓﺮاد ﻓﻲ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺴﻠﻊ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻔﺮﻏﺔ ‪ -‬ﻣﻊ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻷﺳﻌﺎر‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮاء اﻟﺴﻠﻊ‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻊ وزﻳﺎدة اﻷﺳﻌﺎر‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﻧﻬﻴﺎر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮة‪ .‬إذا اﺳﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط ﺑﻼ ﻫﻮادة‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ داﺋ ً‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻀﺮب اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰك ﻋﻠﻰ إﻧﻔﺎق ﻋﻤﻠﺘﻚ اﻟﻤﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﺷﻲء ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﺨﺰًﻧﺎ‬
‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻏﻀﻮن أﻳﺎم‪ ،‬ﻳﺼﺒﺢ أي ﺷﻲء ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ ﻣﺨﺰًﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺷﺮاء أرﻳﻜﺔ وﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬زﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮي ﺑﻠﺪ ﻋﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻀﺨﻢ ﻣﻔﺮط ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ 2007‬أﻋﻠﻨﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ أن اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺮﻓﻊ أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﺴﻠﻊ واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻛﺎن ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻗﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﺪ ﻟﻸﺳﻌﺎر‪،‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﻋﺎدة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻲ وﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ‪ .‬اﻋﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻮن اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎت‬
‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ أﺳﻌﺎرﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻻ ﺗﺰال اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻼت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﻄﺎﻋﻢ ُﺗﺴﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺪوﻻر اﻟﺰﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮي‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﻮم‪ .‬أي ﻣﻮاﻃﻦ زﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮي ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﺘﻪ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ اﺳﺘﺒﺪاﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺴﺎرة ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻬﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﺪ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر‬
‫واﻟﺘﻔﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام دوﻻرات زﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮي ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﺴﻮداء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺪم اﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻊ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮن واﻟﺨﺒﺰ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻗﺎت‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﺳﻌﺮ رﻏﻴﻒ اﻟﺨﺒﺰ ﻫﻮ ‪ 550.000.000‬دوﻻر زﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻮق‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎن اﻟﺨﺒﺰ ﻣﺘﻮﻓًﺮا؛ ﺑﺼﺮف اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ رﺣﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻠﺪ آﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻫﻮ اﻟﺨﻴﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What two things happen when the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﺎن اﻟﻠﺬان ﻳﺤﺪﺛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬:١‫س‬
price of a good goes up? ‫ﺳﻌﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ؟‬
D. Consumers will spend more money on ‫ ﺳﻴﻨﻔﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫د‬
the good because they will not change ،‫اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻐﻴﺮوا ﻋﺎداﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﺸﺮاﺋﻴﺔ‬
their buying habits and goods with falling .‫وﺳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺴﻠﻊ ذات اﻷﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬
prices will be important.

Q2: What are two things that happen when ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﺎن ﻳﺤﺪﺛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك‬:٢‫س‬
there is hyperinflation? ‫ﺗﻀﺨﻢ ﻣﻔﺮط؟‬
D. The government adjusts prices several ‫ ﺗﻘﻮم اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم‬.‫د‬
times each day and people get rid of cash. .‫وﻳﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻮد‬

Q3: What two things did the Zimbabwean ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﺎن اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ زﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮي‬:٣‫س‬
government do that increased ‫ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط؟‬
hyperinflation?
D. Enacted price controls resulting in black ‫ ﺳﻦ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﻮاق اﻟﺴﻮداء‬.‫د‬
markets and allowed the people to use .‫واﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﻟﻠﻨﺎس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻤﻼت اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬
foreign currency.

465
 🩺 ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Team Rubicon is an international non-government organization (NGO) specializing in
disaster response. (Q1) Its headquarters are in Los Angeles, USA. Team Rubicon formed in
January 2010 following the Haiti earthquake, when William McNulty and Jacob "Jake" Wood
led a medical team into Port-au-Prince three days after the earthquake. The first Team
Rubicon was an initial team of eight. (Q2) They gathered funds and medical supplies from
friends and family and flew into the Dominican Republic. They rented a truck, loaded their
gear, and headed west to Haiti. The team treated thousands of patients, traveling to camps
deemed “too dangerous” by other aid organizations. They ventured outside the traditional
scale of disaster response, focusing on those who would be overlooked, untreated.
2- That experience was the beginning of Team Rubicon. Team Rubicon wanted to solve two
problems: (1) Inadequate disaster response which is often slow to respond, has an
antiquated infrastructure, and is not using the best technological solutions or well-trained
members and (2) inadequate veteran reintegration into civilian life. Military veterans'
training, skills, and experience make them well suited to disaster response while helping
others can promote healing and community to alleviate some of the reintegration issues that
drive a high suicide rate among veterans.
3- Since the Haiti earthquake, Team Rubicon has deployed on over 500 operations including
international operations in Pakistan (2010 Pakistan floods), Chile (2010 Chile tsunami), Burma
(2010 Thai-Burma border conflict), Sudan, Ecuador, Nepal, Greece, and Turkey and Hurricane
Dorian in the Bahamas.
4- Domestically, Team Rubicon has responded to large scale disasters such as Hurricane
Matthew, Hurricane Irene, Hurricane Sandy, the tornado destruction of Moore, Oklahoma,
just to name a few.
5- In 2016, Team Rubicon was able to launch a record number of responses. (Q3) They
responded to about 46 disasters. Rubicon believe that an efficient response starts long
before the bat signal goes up. In 2016, they expanded into recovery and mitigation
operations. By pinpointing locations that are at risk for future disasters, they began planning
operations to assist these vulnerable communities while simultaneously providing Team
Rubicon members valuable training in response-like scenarios.

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 ‫‪ -١‬ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ دوﻟﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ )‪ (NGO‬ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮارث‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮس أﻧﺠﻠﻮس‪ ،‬اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ‪ 2010‬ﻓﻲ أﻋﻘﺎب زﻟﺰال ﻫﺎﻳﺘﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺎد وﻳﻠﻴﺎم ﻣﺎﻛﻨﻮﻟﺘﻲ وﺟﺎﻛﻮب "ﺟﻴﻚ" وود ﻓﺮﻳًﻘﺎ ﻃﺒًﻴﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻮرت أو ﺑﺮﻧﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻳﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻟﺰال‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎن أول ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ أوﻟﻲ ﻣﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ أﻓﺮاد‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻌﻮا اﻷﻣﻮال واﻹﻣﺪادات اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء واﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ وﺳﺎﻓﺮوا إﻟﻰ ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺪوﻣﻴﻨﻴﻜﺎن‪ .‬اﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮوا ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺔ وﺣﻤﻠﻮا ﻣﻌﺪاﺗﻬﻢ واﺗﺠﻬﻮا ﻏﺮًﺑﺎ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﻫﺎﻳﺘﻲ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﻟﺞ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ آﻻف اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ‪ ،‬وﺳﺎﻓﺮوا إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮات اﻋﺘﺒﺮﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎت إﻏﺎﺛﺔ أﺧﺮى "ﺧﻄﻴﺮة‬
‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ"‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻏﺎﻣﺮوا ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮارث‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎﻫﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬دون ﻋﻼج ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن‪ .‬أراد ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻴﻦ‪ (1) :‬اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﻮارث واﻟﺘﻲ ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬وذات ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺤﻠﻮل‬
‫ﺪا و )‪ (2‬ﻋﺪم ﺗﺄﻗﻠﻢ أو دﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺤﺎرﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺨﻀﺮﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬‫اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ أو ﺣﺘﻰ أﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﺪرﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻴ ً‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬إن ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ وﻗﺪاﻣﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎرﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﻴﻦ وﻣﻬﺎراﺗﻬﻢ وﺧﺒﺮاﺗﻬﻢ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮارث ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺸﻔﺎء واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت إﻋﺎدة‬
‫اﻹدﻣﺎج اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻌﺪل اﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎر ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺪاﻣﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎرﺑﻴﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﻨﺬ زﻟﺰال ﻫﺎﻳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬اﺷﺘﺮك ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 500‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن )ﻓﻴﻀﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن ‪ ،(2010‬وﺗﺸﻴﻠﻲ )ﺗﺴﻮﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺸﻴﻠﻲ ‪ ،(2010‬وﺑﻮرﻣﺎ )اﻟﺼﺮاع اﻟﺤﺪودي ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺎﻳﻼﻧﺪ‬
‫وﺑﻮرﻣﺎ ‪ ،(2010‬واﻟﺴﻮدان‪ ،‬واﻹﻛﻮادور‪ ،‬وﻧﻴﺒﺎل‪ ،‬واﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎن‪ ،‬وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ وإﻋﺼﺎر دورﻳﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰر اﻟﺒﺎﻫﺎﻣﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬أﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﻠًﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﺠﺎب ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن ﻟﻜﻮارث واﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻣﺜﻞ إﻋﺼﺎر ﻣﺎﺛﻴﻮ‪ ،‬وإﻋﺼﺎر إﻳﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وإﻋﺼﺎر‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪي‪ ،‬وﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ إﻋﺼﺎر ﻣﻮر‪ ،‬أوﻛﻼﻫﻮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻻ اﻟﺤﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،2016‬ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬
‫إﻃﻼق ﻋﺪد ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮدود‪ .‬اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﻮا ﻟﺤﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 46‬ﻛﺎرﺛﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن أن اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫وﻗﺖ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع إﺷﺎرة اﻟﺨﻄﺮ )إﺷﺎرة اﻟﺨﻔﺎﻓﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺗﻤﺎن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،2016‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺖ ﻟﺘﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻓﻲ واﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﺨﻄﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮارث اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪأوا ﻓﻲ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻢ ﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎت ﺗﺸﺒﻪ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: Where is Rubicon's head office‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬أﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ؟‬
‫‪D. Los Angeles‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻟﻮس أﻧﺠﻠﻮس‬

‫‪Q2: From what country did team Rubicon‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻣﻦ أي ﺑﻠﺪ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن إﻟﻰ ﻫﺎﻳﺘﻲ؟‬
‫?‪cross into Haiti‬‬
‫‪A. Dominican Republic‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺪوﻣﻴﻨﻴﻜﺎن‬

‫‪Q3: In 2016, how many disasters did‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،2016‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻜﻮارث اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫?‪Rubicon respond to‬‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن؟‬
‫‪C. 46‬‬ ‫د‪46 .‬‬

‫‪467‬‬
 👥 ‫اﻟﻤﻐﻮل واﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- (Q1) The rise of Genghis Khan and the huge Mongol Empire in the early 13th Century may
have been helped by good weather, scientists suggest. (Q2) American researchers studying the
rings of ancient trees in central Mongolia have discovered that Khan’s rise coincided with the
mildest, wettest weather in more than 1,000 years. Grass grew at a rapid rate, providing
fodder for his war horses. Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes to invade and rule a vast
area. It covered modern-day Korea, China, Russia, eastern Europe, India and south-east Asia.
2- Charismatic leader
The research shows that the years before Genghis Khan's rule were characterised by severe
drought from 1180 to 1190, the study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences said.
3- Present-day Mongolians regard Genghis Khan as the founding father of their country. But
as the empire expanded from 1211 to 1225, Mongolia saw (Q3) an unusual spell of regular
rainfall and mild temperatures. "The transition from extreme drought to extreme moisture
right then strongly suggests that climate played a role in human events," study co-author and
West Virginia University tree-ring scientist Amy Hessl told the AFP news agency.
4- "It wasn't the only thing, but it must have created the ideal conditions for a charismatic
leader to emerge out of the chaos, develop an army and concentrate power. "Where it's arid,
unusual moisture creates unusual plant productivity, and that translates into horsepower.
Genghis was literally able to ride that wave." Allied to the good weather, Genghis Khan was
able to unite disparate tribes into an efficient military unit that rapidly conquered its
neighbours.
5- (Q4) For the oldest samples, Ms Hessl and lead author Neil Pederson, a tree-ring scientist at
Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, concentrated on an unusual group
of stunted Siberian pines found while researching wildfires in Mongolia. The trees were
growing from cracks in an old solid-rock lava flow in the Khangai Mountains, according to a
statement from Columbia. Trees living in such conditions grow more slowly and are
particularly sensitive to weather changes - and as a result provide an abundance of data to
study, scientists say. Some of the trees had lived for more than 1,100 years. the experts say,
and one piece of wood they found had rings going back to about 650 BC.
‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺮح اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء أن ﻇﻬﻮر ﺟﻨﻜﻴﺰ ﺧﺎن واﻹﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻮﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ أواﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻗﺪ‬-١
‫ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﺑﺎﺣﺜﻮن أﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن ﻳﺪرﺳﻮن ﺣﻠﻘﺎت اﻷﺷﺠﺎر اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﻣﻨﻐﻮﻟﻴﺎ أن‬.‫ﺳﺎﻋﺪه اﻟﻄﻘﺲ اﻟﺠﻴﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ وﻓﺮ‬،‫ ﻧﻤﺎ اﻟﻌﺸﺐ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬.‫ ﻋﺎم‬1000 ‫ﺻﻌﻮد ﺧﺎن ﺗﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻃﻘﺲ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل وﻣﻤﻄﺮ ﻣﻨﺬ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﻏﻄﺖ ﻛﻮرﻳﺎ‬.‫ وﺣﺪ ﺟﻨﻜﻴﺰ ﺧﺎن اﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻐﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺰو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺷﺎﺳﻌﺔ وﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ ﻟﺨﻴﻮل اﻟﺤﺮب‬
.‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ واﻟﺼﻴﻦ وروﺳﻴﺎ وأوروﺑﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ واﻟﻬﻨﺪ وﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮق آﺳﻴﺎ‬
‫ زﻋﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮي‬-٢
،1190 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬1180 ‫أﻇﻬﺮت اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ أن اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺟﻨﻜﻴﺰ ﺧﺎن اﺗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻔﺎف اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُﻧﺸﺮت ﻓﻲ وﻗﺎﺋﻊ اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم‬

468
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻐﻮﻟﻴﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﺟﻨﻜﻴﺰ ﺧﺎن اﻷب اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺲ ﻟﺒﻼدﻫﻢ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ اﻹﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 1211‬إﻟﻰ ‪ ،1225‬ﺷﻬﺪت ﻣﻨﻐﻮﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ودرﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫آﻣﻲ ﻫﻴﺴﻞ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وﻋﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ وﻳﺴﺖ ﻓﻴﺮﺟﻴﻨﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪" :‬إن اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻔﺎف اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺑﻘﻮة إﻟﻰ أن‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ ﻟﻌﺐ دوًرا ﻓﻲ اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪".‬‬
‫‪" -٤‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﺑﺪ أﻧﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺨﺮوج ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﻛﺎرﻳﺰﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ‪ ،‬وﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺟﻴﺶ وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻟﻘﻮة‪" .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﺗﺨﻠﻖ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎت‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻘﻮى ﺧﻴﻮل‪ .‬ﻛﺎن ﺟﻨﻜﻴﺰ ﻗﺎدرﴽ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﴼ ﻋﻠﻰ رﻛﻮب ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ"‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺤﺎﻟًﻔﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ اﻟﺠﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﺟﻨﻜﻴﺰ ﺧﺎن‬
‫ﻗﺎدًرا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪة ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻐﺰو ﺟﻴﺮاﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻗﺪم اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‪ ،‬رﻛﺰت اﻟﺴﻴﺪة ﻫﻴﺴﻞ واﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺪرﺳﻮن‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت اﻷﺷﺠﺎر‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻻﻣﻮﻧﺖ دوﻫﺮﺗﻲ ﻟﻸرض ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺷﺠﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﻮﺑﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺒﻴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻐﻮﻟﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر‬
‫ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻘﻮق ﻓﻲ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺣﻤﻢ ﺻﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺒﺎل ﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎي‪ ،‬وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﺒﻴﺎن ﺻﺎدر ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء إن اﻷﺷﺠﺎر اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻈﺮوف ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺑﻄﺄ وﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺎص ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ‪ -‬وﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ وﻓﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪1100‬‬
‫ﻋﺎم‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء‪ ،‬وﻗﻄﻌﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ وﺟﺪوا ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﺗﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 650‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: What is the main topic of the passage‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬
‫‪D. the success of the Mongol empire due to‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻧﺠﺎح إﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻮل ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪weather conditions‬‬

‫‪Q2: What is one idea related to the‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻐﻮل اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪Mongols that the writer mentions in‬‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪1‬؟‬
‫?‪paragraph 1‬‬
‫‪D. Tree ring scientists study Mongol‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻳﺪرس ﻋﻠﻤﺎء ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺠﺮة ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻤﻐﻮل‪.‬‬
‫‪history.‬‬

‫‪Q3: What is one important idea related to‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻷﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺮة‬
‫‪the period between 1211- 1225 that the‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 1225-1211‬اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪3‬؟‬
‫?‪writer mentions in paragraph 3‬‬
‫‪A. The weather was unusual.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻛﺎن اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدي‪.‬‬

‫‪Q4: Why does the writer mention Siberian‬‬ ‫س‪ :٤‬ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﺼﻨﻮﺑﺮ اﻟﺴﻴﺒﻴﺮي؟‬
‫?‪Pines‬‬
‫‪A. Their tree rings were used in the study.‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﺷﺠﺮﺗﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪469‬‬
 🏬 ‫ادارة اﻟﻤﺨﺰون‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Inventory management refers to the process of ordering, storing, using, and selling a
company's inventory. This includes the management of raw materials, components, and
finished products, as well as warehousing and processing of such items. A company's
inventory is, (Q1) thus, one of its most valuable assets. In retail, manufacturing, food services,
and other inventory-intensive sectors, a company's inputs and finished products are the core
of its business. A shortage of inventory when and where it's needed can be extremely
detrimental.
2- At the same time, inventory can be thought of as a liability. A large inventory carries the
risk of spoilage, theft, damage, or shifts in demand. Inventory must be insured, and if it is not
sold in time it may have to be disposed of at clearance prices—or simply destroyed. The just-
in-time (JIT) inventory system, (Q2) however, is a management strategy that comes as a
solution to these problems. It aligns raw-material orders from suppliers directly with
production schedules. Companies employ this inventory strategy to increase efficiency and
decrease waste by receiving goods only as they need them for the production process. This
method requires producers to forecast demand accurately.
3- The just-in-time (JIT) inventory system minimizes inventory and increases efficiency. JIT
production systems cut inventory costs because manufacturers receive materials and parts as
needed for production and do not have to pay storage costs. Manufacturers are also not left
with unwanted inventory if an order is canceled or not fulfilled.
4- JIT is attributed to the Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation. Executives at
Toyota in the 1970s reasoned that the company could adapt more quickly and efficiently to
changes in trends or demands for model changes if it did not keep any more inventory in-
store than was immediately needed. Consequently, the manufacturer orders the parts
required to assemble the vehicles only after an order is received in an attempt to (Q3) balance
the cost against the sales and profits.
5-JIT inventory systems have several advantages over traditional models. Production runs are
short, which means that manufacturers can quickly move from one product to another. Also,
(Q4) this method reduces costs by minimizing warehouse needs and increasing their profit.
Companies also spend less money on raw materials because they buy just enough resources
to make the ordered products and no more.
6- The disadvantages of JIT inventory systems involve potential disruptions in the supply
chain. If a raw-materials supplier has a breakdown and cannot deliver the goods promptly,
this could conceivably stall the entire production line. A sudden unexpected order for goods
may delay the delivery of finished products to end clients.
7- Successful companies will embrace the challenges of inventory management in the 21st
century by using the technology that is being offered through the Fourth Industrial
Revolution. (Q5) This will definitely add to the expenses, their benefits are much more
important for the business. Companies will look at inventory as a strategic asset, that when
properly deployed will deliver increased value and competitive advantage.

470
 ‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إدارة اﻟﻤﺨﺰون إﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺨﺰون اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ وﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻪ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ وﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ .‬وﻳﺸﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ إدارة‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺨﺎم واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت واﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ً‬
‫ﻣﺨﺰون اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ أﺻﻮﻟﻬﺎ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ واﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫اﻷﺧﺮى ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰون‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﺪﺧﻼت اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻘﺺ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺰون ﻣﺘﻰ وأﻳﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﺿﺎًرا ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﺨﺰون ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ اﻟﺘﺰام‪ .‬ﻳﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺰون اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﺘﻠﻒ أو اﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ‬
‫أو اﻟﺘﻠﻒ أو اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺨﺰون‪ ،‬وإذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﺘﺨﻠﻴﺺ ‪ -‬أو ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ إﺗﻼﻓﻪ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺨﺰون ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫)‪ ،(JIT‬ﻫﻮ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ إدارة ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻛﺤﻞ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻤﻮاءﻣﺔ ﻃﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺨﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮردﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻊ ﺟﺪاول اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‪ .‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰون ﻫﺬه ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة وﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼل اﺳﺘﻼم اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮن إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺨﺰون ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ )‪ (JIT‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺨﺰون وﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ إﻧﺘﺎج ‪JIT‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻔﺾ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺨﺰون ﻷن اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﺗﺘﻠﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد واﻷﺟﺰاء ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎج وﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺨﺰون ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﻏﻮب ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻄﻠﺐ أو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ دﻓﻊ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻻ ُﻳﺘﺮك اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﻮن أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻋﺪم اﻟﻮﻓﺎء ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -٤‬ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ‪ JIT‬إﻟﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ Toyota Motor Corporation‬اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬رأى اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻮن اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﻮن ﻓﻲ ‪Toyota‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎت أن اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ وﻛﻔﺎءة أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت أو ﻃﻠﺒﺎت‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﻄﺮاز إذا ﻟﻢ ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺄي ﻣﺨﺰون ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻮر‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﻼم أﻣﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﻮازﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت واﻷرﺑﺎح‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺟﺮد ‪ JIT‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺰاﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻗﺼﻴﺮة‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻨﻌﻴﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ‪ .‬أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻀﺎ أﻣﻮاًﻟﺎ أﻗﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺨﺎم‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮدﻋﺎت وزﻳﺎدة أرﺑﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻔﻖ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﺘﺮي ﻣﻮارد ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ وﻟﻴﺲ أﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻴﻮب أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺟﺮد ‪ JIT‬اﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻮرﻳﺪ‪ .‬إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻮرد اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺨﺎم ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻄﻞ وﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻮر‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺆدي ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي‬
‫اﻟﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺊ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻼء اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺳﺘﻮاﺟﻪ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎت إدارة اﻟﻤﺨﺰون ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻬﺎ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻀﻴﻒ ﻫﺬا ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎت‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪﻫﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺨﺰون ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ أﺻﻞ إﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﺸﺮه ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻮﻓﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺘﺰاﻳﺪة وﻣﻴﺰة ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Which word can we use to replace thus ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻞ‬:١‫س‬
in paragraph 1? ‫؟‬1 ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﻜﺬا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
C. Therefore ‫ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Why does the writer use the word ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٢‫س‬
however in paragraph 2? ‫؟‬2
A. to show that just in time systems are .‫ ﻹﻇﻬﺎر أن اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻔﻴﺪة ﺣًﻘﺎ‬.‫أ‬
actually useful

Q3: What do firms do to avoid keeping ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ‬:٣‫س‬
higher than necessary inventories? ‫ﺑﻤﺨﺰوﻧﺎت أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم؟‬
A. They balance the cost against the sales .‫ ﻳﻮازﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت واﻷرﺑﺎح‬.‫أ‬
and profits.

Q4: What does paragraph 4 say about ‫ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ اﻟﺠﺮد؟‬4 ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:٤‫س‬
inventories?
A. They help firms reduce costs and ‫ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻔﺾ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ وزﻳﺎدة‬.‫أ‬
increase profits. .‫اﻷرﺑﺎح‬

Q5: How does the writer feel about the ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺗﺠﺎه ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ‬:٥‫س‬
future of inventories? ‫اﻟﺠﺮد؟‬
A. He believes future inventories will cost .‫ إﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن اﻟﻤﺨﺰوﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﻜﻠﻒ أﻛﺜﺮ‬.‫أ‬
more.

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 🔥 ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Jet streams are bands of strong wind that generally blow from west to east all across the
globe. They impact weather, air travel and many other things that take place in our
atmosphere. Earth has four primary jet streams: two polar jet streams, near the north and
south poles, and two subtropical jet streams closer to the equator. Jet streams form when
warm air masses meet cold air masses in the atmosphere.
2- So when Earth’s warmer air masses meet cooler air masses, the warmer air rises up higher
in the atmosphere while cooler air sinks down to replace the warm air. This movement
creates an air current, or wind. A jet stream is a type of air current that forms high in the
atmosphere.
3- Jet streams are stronger in winter in the northern and southern hemispheres, because
that's when air temperature differences that drive them tend to be most pronounced. (Q1) So,
when the polar air meets the tropical air, their winds blow from west to east at speeds that
range from 80 to 140 miles per hour (129 to 225 kilometers per hour), but they can reach
more than 275 miles per hour (443 kilometers per hour).
4- An ‘urban heat island (UHI)’ is an urban area that is significantly warmer than its rural
surroundings due to artificial infrastructure and human activities. Whilst urban areas have a
higher proportion of paved ground, rural areas are covered in grass, crops, shrubs or forest.
This vegetation helps to cool the air whereas asphalt and concrete absorb heat, causing
temperatures to rise. Furthermore, buildings and narrow streets trap heat by reducing air
flow. Human activities such as warming buildings and driving cars also add heat to
surroundings. This explains why larger cities tend to experience stronger heat waves; the
centres of London and Paris, for example, regularly record temperatures of around 4°C
higher than rural surroundings at night. Both of these cities, and many others around Europe
and the world, experience heat waves that leads to public health issues.
5- All these factors contribute to (Q2) the urban heat island effect, which is most pronounced
during the night, when temperatures in urban areas can be up to 10°C higher than in rural
areas. This is due to retained heat in structures such as buildings and roads being released
during the night.
6- A team of researchers from Arizona State University has found that releasing (Q2) excess
heat from air conditioners running during the night resulted in higher outside temperatures,
worsening the urban heat island effect and increasing cooling demands.
7- After the horrific heat wave of 2003, which saw up to 15,000 premature deaths across
France, 500 of which were in Paris itself, Paris is taking steps to mitigate the worst effects.
The first step is trying to keep the streets cool—or at least some of them. In addition to its
1,200 permanent public fountains, the city is using 35 fire hydrants that have been fitted with
special drinking devices to provide both cooling and cold drinking water. (Q3) Parks also play a
key role in the plans. Eighteen of them stay open 24/7, with five of those having their hours
extended.

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‫‪8- The city is in the middle of a campaign to manage heat by “demineralising,” softening its‬‬
‫‪surfaces with more porous road and sidewalk coverings, (Q3) planting green roofs, and adding‬‬
‫‪trees wherever possible.to planting green roofs, and adding trees wherever possible.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺐ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮب إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﺮق ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ .‬إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ واﻟﺴﻔﺮ اﻟﺠﻮي واﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻼﻓﻨﺎ اﻟﺠﻮي‪ .‬وﺗﺤﺘﻮي اﻷرض ﻋﻠﻰ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﺗﻴﺎرات ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ أوﻟﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻴﺎران ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺎن ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺎن‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬واﺛﻨﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺔ ﺷﺒﻪ اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺧﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﻮاء‪ .‬ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﻓﺊ ﺑﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺒﺎردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ دﻓًﺌﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷرض ﺑﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮودة‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫دﻓًﺌﺎ إﻟﻰ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮودة ﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻟﻴﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﻓﺊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ‪ .‬اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﻔﺎث ﻫﻮ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ ﺗﻴﺎر اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻳﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﴼ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي‪.‬‬‫ﺗﺨﻠﻖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﻴﺎًرا ﻫﻮاﺋًﻴﺎ أو رﻳ ً‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺔ أﻗﻮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻧﺼﻔﻲ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻓﻌﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ وﺿﻮ ً‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ )‪129‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻮاء اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺐ رﻳﺎﺣﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮب إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﺮق ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺎت ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ ‪ 80‬إﻟﻰ ‪ 140‬ﻣﻴ ً‬
‫إﻟﻰ ‪ 225‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘًﺮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 275‬ﻣﻴًﻠﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ )‪443‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘًﺮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪" -٤‬ﺟﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ")‪ (UHI‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﻀﺮﻳﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ دﻓًﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ واﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أن اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻷراﺿﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺻﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻐﻄﺎة ﺑﺎﻷﻋﺸﺎب أو اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ أو اﻟﺸﺠﻴﺮات أو اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﺘﺺ اﻷﺳﻔﻠﺖ واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‪ .‬ﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺒﺲ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﺸﻮارع اﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻬﻮاء‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻴﻒ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺪﻓﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وﻗﻴﺎدة اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات اﻟﺤﺮارة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﻔﺴﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﻜﺒﺮى إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة أﻗﻮى؛ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻟﻨﺪن وﺑﺎرﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺠﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم درﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة أﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺤﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 4‬درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺘﻴﻦ‪،‬‬
‫واﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء أوروﺑﺎ واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ﺣﺮ ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﺰر اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻳﻜﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ وﺿﻮ ً‬
‫ﺗﺼﻞ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ‪ 10‬درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﻳﺮﺟﻊ ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ‬
‫اﺣﺘﺒﺎس اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬وﺟﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ وﻻﻳﺔ أرﻳﺰوﻧﺎ أن إﻃﻼق اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﻴﻔﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻠﻴﻞ أدى إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ ﺗﻔﺎﻗﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﺰر اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ وزﻳﺎدة‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎرة اﻟﻤﺮوﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،2003‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﻬﺪت ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ‪ 15000‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﻓﺎة ﻣﺒﻜﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫أﻧﺤﺎء ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‪ 500 ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺨﺬ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ ﺧﻄﻮات ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ أﺳﻮأ اﻵﺛﺎر‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮودة اﻟﺸﻮارع ‪ -‬أو ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ‪ 1200‬ﻧﺎﻓﻮرة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ داﺋﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ 35‬ﺻﻨﺒﻮًرا ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺰودة ﺑﺄﺟﻬﺰة ﺷﺮب ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺸﺮب اﻟﺒﺎردة واﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬
‫ﻀﺎ دوًرا رﺋﻴﺴًﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻄﻂ‪ .‬ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻈﻠﻮن ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪار اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻃﻮال أﻳﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ أﻳ ً‬
‫اﻷﺳﺒﻮع‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ﻹدارة اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل "إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن"‪ ،‬وﺗﻨﻌﻴﻢ أﺳﻄﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ اﺧﺘﺮاﻗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮق واﻷرﺻﻔﺔ‪ ،‬زراﻋﺔ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء‪ ،‬وإﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن‬
‫ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻤﻜًﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﺰراﻋﺔ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء‪ ،‬وإﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﺎع‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Q1: What two things are needed to have‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﻔﺎث؟‬
‫?‪jet stream winds‬‬
‫‪C. icy arctic air and hot air from the tropics‬‬ ‫ج‪ .‬ﻫﻮاء اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪي واﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺪارﻳﺔ‬

‫‪Q2: What two things could increase heat‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﺎن اﻟﻠﺬان ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺰﻳﺪا ﻣﻦ‬
‫?‪waves in European cities‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪D. The urban heat island effect and more‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫‪usage of air conditioning‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬

‫‪Q3: What are two ways Paris is fighting the‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﺗﻘﺎوم ﺑﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ‬
‫?‪heat wave‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮ؟‬
‫‪D. using plants to make more greenspace‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻹﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت‬
‫‪and keeping public parks open all night‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء وإﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻃﻮال اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬

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 🤼♂‫ﺳﻠﻮك ﻋﺪواﻧﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- "Some aggression is normal, experts say; parents can respond with redirection or
distraction rather than by punishing the child with anger, yelling or spanking.
2- Behavior problems in children, especially aggression and defiance, don’t get a great deal of
sympathy, said Dave Anderson, a psychologist who is senior director of national programs at
the Child Mind Institute in New York City. “For a child to get better requires just as much
empathy and scaffolding as for a child who might be depressed, but behavioral issues inspire
nowhere near as much empathy.”
3- (Q1) There is a persistent belief that these behaviors reflect poor parenting, he said, but in
fact, there is often a strong biological component to behavioral issues, and the responses
which come naturally to most parents faced with these behaviors may not have the desired
results.
4- In a study published last year in the Journal of Pediatrics, Dr. Lorber and his colleagues
looked at 477 children from 6 to 24 months of age, the findings were that hitting or smacking
someone were very common. The prevalence of the behaviors tended to increase over time,
with hitting peaking at 18 months, and kicking and pushing, as well as throwing objects at
people, peaking at 20 months. “Eight of 10 kids were hitting and smacking at 18 months,” Dr.
Lorber said. “The terrible twos started before 2.”
5- On the other hand, hair-pulling decreased with age, as did scratching, and the researchers
speculated that the increased incidence of those behaviors among the younger children may
reflect the close contact they have, since they are usually being held.
6- The researchers suggested that these behaviors are normal in small children, but also
guide parents, right from the beginning, in setting limits and responding in ways that may
help — redirecting or distracting a child — rather than by punishing the child with anger,
yelling or spanking.
7- Though these behaviors are seen in almost all children, those toddlers who continue to (Q2)
act out more frequently and consistently may need more help — and so may their parents
because those problems persist as the children grow, he said. said.
8- Parents should not tolerate physical or verbal abuse masquerading as play. Many parents
have good instincts when it comes to recognizing the difference between normal
roughhousing and physical aggression. These parents can also recognize the difference
between playful teasing and verbal abuse. (Q3) For these parents, my advice is simple: trust
your instincts. If it doesn’t feel right to you, don’t let them do it.
9- If a child is having significant behavior problems, parents should be ready to ignore minor
misbehavior, he said, such as verbal disrespect or whining. So pick your battles, and don’t
give in to the idea that a big punishment is the way to go. “With aggression, lots of parents
have a ‘go big or go home’ approach: My child picked a fight, so no play dates, no TV,”
privileges rescinded indefinitely, Dr. Anderson said. “The reality is that big punishments do
not translate to better behavior.”

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‫‪10- Instead, punishments should be immediate, consistent and used in small doses; parents‬‬
‫‪should look for ways to remove a privilege for a short time, and establish clear expectations‬‬
‫‪for better behavior. Thus, if a child picks a fight with another child at school, a parent might‬‬
‫‪impose a specific consequence (such as no screens for two days), offer a clear discussion of‬‬
‫‪keeping your hands to yourself, and go over some alternative strategies for moments of‬‬
‫‪frustration: take a break, tell a teacher, interact with another peer. And then, having defined‬‬
‫‪the good behaviors, the parents — and perhaps the teacher as well — need to look for‬‬
‫"‪occasions to draw attention to those behaviors.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء إن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﺪوان أﻣﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ؛ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ أو اﻹﻟﻬﺎء ﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻀﺐ أو اﻟﺼﺮاخ أو اﻟﻀﺮب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻗﺎل دﻳﻒ أﻧﺪرﺳﻮن‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ واﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ اﻷول ﻟﻠﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺗﺸﺎﻳﻠﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك‪ ،‬إن ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك ﻟﺪى اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‪ ،‬وﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻌﺪواﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﺪي‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﺤﻈﻰ ﺑﻘﺪر ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻘﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻔﻞ اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺼﺎًﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎب"‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻫﻨﺎك اﻋﺘﻘﺎد راﺳﺦ ﺑﺄن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺳﻮء ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻵﺑﺎء‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﻜﻮن ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻗﻮي ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ اﻵﺑﺎء اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻮاﺟﻬﻮن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻮة‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﺘﺮاوح‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺔ ُﻧﺸﺮت اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻃﺐ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻟﻮرﺑﺮ وزﻣﻼؤه إﻟﻰ ‪ 477‬ﻃﻔ ً‬
‫ﺪا‪ .‬ازداد اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬
‫أﻋﻤﺎرﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 6‬و ‪ 24‬ﺷﻬًﺮا‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ أن ﺿﺮب أو ﺻﻔﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ أﻣﺮ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﺟ ً‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ذروﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻮغ ‪ 18‬ﺷﻬًﺮا‪ ،‬وﺑﻠﻎ ذروة اﻟﺮﻛﻞ واﻟﺪﻓﻊ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ رﻣﻲ‬
‫اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 20‬ﺷﻬًﺮا‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻟﻮرﺑﺮ‪" :‬ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮة أﻃﻔﺎل ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﻀﺮﺑﻮن وﻳﻀﺮﺑﻮن‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ 18‬ﺷﻬًﺮا"‪" .‬ﺑﺪأ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺮﻫﻴﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪."2‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬اﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻧﺘﻒ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻣﻊ اﻟﺨﺪش‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻬﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺑﺄن‬
‫زﻳﺎدة ﺣﺪوث ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﺳًﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺣﻤﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﺎدًة‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻵﺑﺎء‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬اﻗﺘﺮح اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن أن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻟﺼﻐﺎر‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ﺣﺪود واﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻄﺮق ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ‪ -‬إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻄﻔﻞ أو ﺗﺸﺘﻴﺖ اﻧﺘﺒﺎﻫﻪ ‪ -‬ﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻀﺐ أو اﻟﺼﺮاخ أو اﻟﻀﺮب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﺗﻘﺮﻳًﺒﺎ‪ ،‬إﻻ أن اﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻟﺼﻐﺎر اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﺳﺎءوا‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮف ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻜﺮر وﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮن إﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ‪ -‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج آﺑﺎؤﻫﻢ ﻷن ﻫﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺑﺎء أﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﻣﺤﻮا ﻣﻊ اﻹﺳﺎءة اﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ أو اﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻨﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻟﻌﺐ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻵﺑﺎء ﺑﻐﺮاﺋﺰ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﻒ اﻟﺨﺸﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ واﻟﻌﺪوان‬
‫ﻀﺎ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﺔ واﻹﺳﺎءة اﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺴﺪي‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻬﺆﻻء اﻵﺑﺎء أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻟﻬﺆﻻء اﻵﺑﺎء‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻴﺤﺘﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‪ :‬ﺛﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺮاﺋﺰك‪ .‬إذا ﻛﻨﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺗﺠﺎﻫﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺪﻋﻬﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮن ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﻗﺎل إﻧﻪ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻮاﻟﺪان ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﺳﻮء اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺪم اﻻﺣﺘﺮام اﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ أو اﻷﻧﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻟﺬا اﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﺎرﻛﻚ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻜﺮة أن اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻫﻲ اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺎب‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر أﻧﺪرﺳﻮن‪" :‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺪواﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻵﺑﺎء ﻧﻬﺞ" اذﻫﺐ ﻛﺒﻴًﺮا أو اذﻫﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل "‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ اﺧﺘﺎر ﻃﻔﻠﻲ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻮاﻋﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﺐ‪ ،‬وﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن"‪" .‬اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﻲ أن اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻻ ﺗﺘﺮﺟﻢ إﻟﻰ ﺳﻠﻮك أﻓﻀﻞ"‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -١٠‬وﺑﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت ﻓﻮرﻳﺔ وﻣﺘﺴﻘﺔ وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺠﺮﻋﺎت ﺻﻐﻴﺮة؛ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺑﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮق ﻹزاﻟﺔ اﻻﻣﺘﻴﺎز ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻗﺼﻴﺮة‪ ،‬ووﺿﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت واﺿﺤﺔ ﻟﺴﻠﻮك أﻓﻀﻞ‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬إذا اﺧﺘﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻄﻔﻞ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل ﻣﻊ ﻃﻔﻞ آﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻔﺮض أﺣﺪ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺷﺎﺷﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة ﻳﻮﻣﻴﻦ(‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﺪم ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ واﺿﺤﺔ ﺣﻮل إﺑﻘﺎء ﻳﺪﻳﻚ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻚ‪ ،‬وﺗﻨﺎول ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻄﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ‪ ،‬أﺧﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ زﻣﻴﻞ آﺧﺮ‪ .‬وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻈﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻹﺣﺒﺎط‪ :‬ﺧﺬ ﻗﺴ ً‬
‫ﻀﺎ ‪ -‬إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﻔﺖ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه إﻟﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﻴﺪة‪ ،‬ﻳﺤﺘﺎج اﻵﺑﺎء ‪ -‬ورﺑﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ أﻳ ً‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫?‪Q1: Which of the following is a fact‬‬ ‫س‪ :١‬أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬
‫‪A. Poor parenting is the cause of children's‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬اﻷﺑﻮة واﻷﻣﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺳﻮء ﺳﻠﻮك‬
‫‪misbehavior.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‪.‬‬

‫‪Q2: What word other than misbehave does‬‬ ‫س‪ :٢‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
‫?‪the writer use for aggressive behavior‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻌﺪواﻧﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻮء اﻟﺘﺼﺮف؟‬
‫‪A. Act out‬‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﻲء اﻟﺘﺼﺮف‬

‫‪Q3: How is the writer's view about‬‬ ‫س‪ :٣‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻮك‬
‫‪children's bad behavior different from the‬‬ ‫اﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﺊ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ؟‬
‫?‪parent's view‬‬
‫‪B. The writer believes that parents should‬‬ ‫ب‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺑﺎء اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫‪use their instincts to deal with bad‬‬ ‫ﻏﺮاﺋﺰﻫﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﺴﻴﺊ‪.‬‬
‫‪behavior.‬‬

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 🫀 ‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ووﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
Passage A
1- Human anatomy is the scientific study of the body’s structures. (Q1) Some of these
structures are very small and can only be observed and analyzed with the assistance of a
microscope. Other larger structures can readily be seen, manipulated, measured, and
weighed. (Q2) The word “anatomy” comes from a Greek root that means “to cut apart.” (Q3)
Human anatomy was first studied by observing the exterior of the body and observing the
wounds of soldiers and other injuries. Later, physicians were allowed to dissect bodies of the
dead to augment their knowledge. When a body is dissected, its structures are cut apart in
order to observe their physical attributes and their relationships to one another. Dissection is
still used in medical schools, anatomy courses, and in pathology labs. In order to observe
structures in living people, however, a number of imaging techniques have been developed.
These techniques allow clinicians to visualize structures inside the living body such as a
cancerous tumor or a fractured bone.
2- Anatomists take two general approaches to the study of the body’s structures: regional
and systemic. Regional anatomy is the study of the interrelationships of all of the structures
in a specific body region, such as the abdomen. Studying regional anatomy helps us
appreciate the interrelationships of body structures, such as how muscles, nerves, blood
vessels, and other structures work together to serve a particular body region. In contrast,
systemic anatomy is the study of the structures that make up a discrete body system—that is,
a group of structures that work together to perform a unique body function. For example, a
systemic anatomical study of the muscular system would consider all of the skeletal muscles
of the body.
3- Knowledge of anatomical structure of the body is basic to understanding musculoskeletal
function and how both structure and function are (Q4) modified by exercise or disease.
Passage B
1- Whereas anatomy is about structure, physiology is about function. It refers to the physical,
mechanical, and biochemical function of humans. It studies the structures of the body and
the ways in which they work together to support the functions of life. This connects health,
medicine, and science in a way that studies how the human body acquaints itself to physical
activity, stress, and diseases. Much of the study of physiology centers on the body’s tendency
toward homeostasis. Homeostasis is the state of steady internal conditions maintained by
living things. (Q1) The study of physiology certainly includes observation, both with the naked
eye and with microscopes, as well as manipulations and measurements. However, current
advances in (Q2) physiology usually depend on carefully designed laboratory experiments that
reveal the functions of the many structures and chemical compounds that make up the
human body.
2- (Q3) 1838 signals the true beginning of physiology. It was the year when the cell theory of
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann arrived on the scene, theorizing that the body was
made up of tiny individual cells. From here on in, the field of physiology opened up, and
progress was made quickly.

479
‫‪3- (Q4) It provides a thorough understanding of normal body function, enabling more effective‬‬
‫‪treatment of abnormal or disease states.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ أ‬
‫ﺪا وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ اﻟﺒﺸﺮي ﻫﻮ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﺟ ً‬
‫ﻤﺎ واﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﻬﺎ وﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ إﻻ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺠﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﺣﺠ ً‬
‫وﻗﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ ووزﻧﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ" ﻣﻦ أﺻﻞ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﻗﻄﻊ‪ ".‬ﺗﻢ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‬
‫ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ وﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﺟﺮوح اﻟﺠﻨﻮد واﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‪ .‬ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻻﺣﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻸﻃﺒﺎء ﺑﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺟﺜﺚ اﻟﻤﻮﺗﻰ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﻊ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫أﺟﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺳﻤﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ وﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻪ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﺰال اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪًﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻄﺐ‬
‫ودورات اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ وﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮات ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﻣﺮاض‪ .‬ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻷﺣﻴﺎء‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻋﺪد‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﻟﻸﻃﺒﺎء ﺑﺘﺼﻮر اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﺤﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻮرم‬
‫اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻲ أو اﻟﻌﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻜﺴﻮرة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻧﻬﺠﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ :‬اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬
‫اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻫﻮ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻌﺎ ﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻼت واﻷﻋﺼﺎب واﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﻣ ً‬
‫ﻼ ‪ -‬أي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ اﻟﺠﻬﺎزي ﻫﻮ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎًﻣﺎ ﺟﺴﺪًﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﺼ ً‬
‫ﻌﺎ ﻷداء وﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻓﺮﻳﺪة‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣ ً‬
‫اﻟﻌﻀﻠﻲ ﺳﺘﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻀﻼت اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ أﻣًﺮا أﺳﺎﺳًﻴﺎ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﻀﻠﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ واﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ أو اﻟﻤﺮض‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ب‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أن ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮل اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ واﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﺪرس ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻌﺎ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‪ .‬ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﻫﺬا ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ واﻟﻄﺐ واﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺪرس ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣ ً‬
‫ﺟﺴﻢ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﺒﺪﻧﻲ واﻹﺟﻬﺎد واﻷﻣﺮاض‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ دراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻻﺳﺘﺘﺒﺎب‪ .‬اﻻﺳﺘﺘﺒﺎب ﻫﻮ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ أن دراﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮاء ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺮدة أو ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺮ‪،‬‬
‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ واﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ واﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﺎم ‪ 1838‬ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‪ .‬ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺬي وﺻﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺎﺗﻴﺎس ﺷﻼﻳﺪن وﺛﻴﻮدور ﺷﻮان إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﻬﺪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻧﻈﺮا أن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﻓﺮدﻳﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة‪.‬‬
‫ﺪا‪ ،‬اﻧﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‪ ،‬وﺗﻢ إﺣﺮاز ﺗﻘﺪم ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﺼﺎﻋ ً‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻻت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ أو‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻬﻤﴼ ﺷﺎﻣ ً‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What do passages A and B say about ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﺎن أ و ب ﻋﻦ دراﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ‬:١‫س‬
the study of anatomy and Physiology? ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ وﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء؟‬
B. Both involve the use of microscopes. .‫ ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻫﺮ‬.‫ب‬

Q2: Which of the following best summarize ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻠﺨﺺ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻢ‬:٢‫س‬
anatomy and Physiology from passage A ‫؟‬B ‫ و‬A ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ووﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬
and B?
A. Anatomy involves cutting open bodies ‫ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬.‫أ‬
while Physiology uses lab experiments. ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب‬
.‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬

Q3: What can be understood from the ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ واﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬:٣‫س‬
passage about the early period of anatomy ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ وﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬
and Physiology? ‫اﻷﻋﻀﺎء؟‬
C. Physiology began over 200 years ago ‫ ﻋﺎم‬200 ‫ ﺑﺪأ ﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﻨﺬ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ج‬
while anatomy began with observing .‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﺪأ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮد اﻟﺠﺮﺣﻰ‬
wounded soldiers.

Q4: According to passage A and B. it's ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ‬،‫ وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ أ و ب‬:٤‫س‬
important to know about anatomy and _____ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ وﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬
Physiology ______
C. To know how organs work and to treat ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء وﻋﻼج اﻷﻣﺮاض‬.‫ج‬
disease

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 💧 ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺪﺑﺎدتة‬
‫ﺠﻻﺟﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺎﺘن ا‬
‫ﺔ واﻣﻟﻜ‬
‫ﻠﺟﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺘﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺪا اﻟ‬
1- The next time you open a can of soft drink, consider where the water inside it came from.
The H20 in an Indian can of Coca-Cola includes treated rainwater, while the contents in the
Maldives may once have been seawater. The water needs to come from such different
sources for a reason – it’s because there is a global freshwater crisis.
2- Given that 70% of the Earth’s surface is water, and that volume remains constant (at
1,386,000,000 cubic kilometres), how is a water shortage even possible? Well, 97.5% is
seawater unfit for human consumption. And both populations and temperatures are ever-
rising, meaning that the freshwater we do have is under severe pressure.
3- Water demand globally is projected to increase by 55% between 2000 and 2050. Much of
the demand is driven by agriculture, which accounts for 70% of global freshwater use, and
food production will need to grow by 69% by 2035 to feed the growing population. Water
withdrawal for energy, used for cooling power stations, is also expected to increase by over
20%. In other words, the near future presents one big freshwater drain after the next.
4- What’s more? Right now, according to a Nasa-led study, many of the world’s freshwater
sources are being drained faster than they are being replenished.
5- For example, Syria has relatively little overall freshwater in proportion to demands, like the
region as a whole, and experiences high natural hydrologic variability. Over the past century,
there were six significant droughts in Syria, where the average monthly level of winter
precipitation—the major rainfall season—dropped to around one-third of normal. Five of
these droughts lasted only one season; the sixth lasted two. Starting in 2006, however, and
lasting into 2011, Syria experienced a multi-season, multiyear period of extreme drought that
contributed to agricultural failures, economic dislocations, and population displacement. This
dry period has continued and is now being described as the “worst long-term drought and
most severe set of crop failures since agricultural civilizations began in the Fertile Crescent
many millennia ago,” says Gary Nabhan. (Q1) Syria’s freshwater levels decreased by 800 cubic
meters in 44 years only: from 1967 to 2011.
6- On the contrary, some countries have made tremendous efforts to mobilize additional
water resources by building dams desalinating sea water. Morocco, for instance, could boast
of its achievement in dams’ construction and its water strategy that started in absolute
priority since in (Q2) 1967, the year when the freshwater level was the highest. Algeria, the
other large country of the Maghreb region facing this problem, is currently investing in
alternative water resources through a program of construction of desalination plants of sea
water.

482
 ‫‪ -١‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮة اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﺸﺮوب ﻏﺎزي‪ ،‬ﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرك ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻤﺎء ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ‬
‫‪ H20‬اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﺒﺔ ‪ Coca-Cola‬اﻟﻬﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻷﻣﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أن اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰر اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺪﻳﻒ رﺑﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻷﻳﺎم ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ‪ -‬ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ وﺟﻮد أزﻣﺔ ﻣﻴﺎه ﻋﺬﺑﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ أن ‪ ٪70‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎء‪ ،‬وﻳﻈﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑًﺘﺎ )ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 1،386،000،000‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻤﻜًﻨﺎ؟ ﺣﺴًﻨﺎ‪ ٪97.5 ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﺰاﻳﺪ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ودرﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﻳﺰداد اﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٪55‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻲ ‪ 2000‬و‪.2050‬‬
‫وُﻳﻌﺰى ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ‪ ٪70‬ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﺳﻴﺤﺘﺎج إﻧﺘﺎج‬
‫ﻀﺎ أن ﻳﺰداد ﺳﺤﺐ‬‫اﻟﻐﺬاء إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٪69‬ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺎم ‪ 2035‬ﻹﻃﻌﺎم ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‪ .‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ أﻳ ً‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪ .٪20‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاًﻓﺎ ﻛﺒﻴًﺮا ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ ﺗﻠﻮ اﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﺎذا ﺑﻌﺪ؟ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ أﺟﺮﺗﻬﺎ وﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
‫اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺮع ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪه‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺴﺒًﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻌﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻛﻜﻞ‪ ،‬وﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺗﻘﻠًﺒﺎ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻮﺟًﻴﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌًﻴﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﻔ ً‬
‫ﺳﺖ ﺣﺎﻻت ﺟﻔﺎف ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ اﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺸﻬﺮي ﻟﻬﻄﻮل اﻷﻣﻄﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء ‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﻫﻄﻮل اﻷﻣﻄﺎر اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ‪ -‬إﻟﻰ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﺛﻠﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺠﻔﺎف ﻫﺬه‬
‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮت ﻟﻤﻮﺳﻢ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬اﻟﺴﺎدس دام اﺛﻨﻴﻦ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪًءا ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،2006‬واﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﺎم ‪،2011‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺪت ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل واﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻔﺎف اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺳﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‬
‫واﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ وﻧﺰوح اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‪ .‬اﺳﺘﻤﺮت ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺠﻔﺎف ﻫﺬه وﺗﻮﺻﻒ اﻵن ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ "أﺳﻮأ ﺟﻔﺎف ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺪ وأﺷﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﺬ أن ﺑﺪأت اﻟﺤﻀﺎرات اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻼل اﻟﺨﺼﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫آﻻف اﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮل ﻏﺎري ﻧﺒﻬﺎن‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ اﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 800‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ‪ 44‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ‪ 1967‬إﻟﻰ ‪.2011‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺬﻟﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان ﺟﻬﻮًدا ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺑﻨﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺴﺪود ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻐﺮب‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬أن ﻳﺘﺒﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺈﻧﺠﺎزاﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﺪود‬
‫واﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺘﻪ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺪأت ﻓﻲ اﻷوﻟﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ‪ ،1967‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
‫اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ ﻫﻮ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪ .‬اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ‪ ،‬اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﺮب اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﺣﺎﻟًﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮارد اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺤﻄﺎت ﺗﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: How much did the freshwater levels ‫ ﻛﻢ اﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ‬:١‫س‬
decrease in Syria between 1967 and 2011? ‫؟‬2011 ‫ و‬1967 ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻲ‬
C. about 800 cubic meters ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬800 ‫ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: In which year was the freshwater level ‫ ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ ﻫﻮ‬:٢‫س‬
the highest in Morocco? ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻐﺮب؟‬
A. 1967 1967 .‫أ‬

484
 🦠 ‫ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻤﺪن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬
1- Outdoor air pollution is one of the world’s largest health and environmental problems –
one that tends to worsen for countries as they industralize and transition from low to middle
incomes. The Global Burden of Disease study estimates that 4506193 deaths were attributed
to outdoor air pollution in the latest year. To be able to reduce air pollution, (Q1) we need to
be aware of its causes.
2- Air pollution consists of chemicals or particles in the air that can harm the health of
humans, animals, and plants. It also damages buildings. There are two main types of air
pollution – indoor air pollution, and outdoor air pollution. Outdoor air pollution is the release
of harmful substances into the outdoor air. Some of the major air pollutants are PM10 and
PM2.5, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, and Sulphur Dioxide.
3- Outdoor air pollutants can form in different ways. Most air pollution is created by people,
taking the form of emissions from factories, cars, planes, or aerosol cans. (Q2) In addition,
some types of air pollution, such as smoke from wildfires or ash from volcanoes, occur
naturally. These are called natural sources.
4- Air pollution is most common in large cities where emissions from many different sources
are concentrated. This air pollution often appears as a cloud making the air murky. It is
called smog. The word "smog" comes from combining the words "smoke" and "fog." Large
cities in poor and developing nations tend to have more air pollution than cities in developed
nations. (Q3) For example, Karachi, Pakistan; New Delhi, India; Beijing, China; Lima, Peru; and
Cairo, Egypt are some of the worlds’ most polluted cities. However, many developed nations
also have air pollution problems. Los Angeles, California, is nicknamed Smog City.
5- We’re always at risk for exposure to airborne pollutants from both indoor and outdoor
sources. To reduce the exposure to both outdoor and indoor air pollutants, we are advised to
reduce the use of personal vehicles in favor of more efficient transport, and lower footprint
transport. (Q4) For example, public transport, bicycles and walking can have a lower pollution
footprint than private passenger vehicles. Encourage the use of bikes and car sharing may be
other strategies. Recycling is an important solution because using plastics once means more
manufacture which leads to more pollution. Every individual, along with governments should
plant trees and support local parks and green spaces. When buying household appliances,
choose energy savers appliances and lightbulbs and unplug items when not in use.

485
 ‫‪ -١‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻄﻠﻖ أﺣﺪ أﻛﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ واﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ‪ -‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺗﻤﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻗﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ وﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ذوي اﻟﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﺪر‬
‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﺐء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮض أن ‪ 4506193‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﻓﺎة ُﺗﻌﺰى إﻟﻰ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻷﺧﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ أن ﻧﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ دراﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪- ٢‬ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ أو ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻀﺮ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن واﻟﺤﻴﻮان‬
‫واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﺎن رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء ‪ -‬ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬وﺗﻠﻮث‬
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻫﻮ إﻃﻼق ﻣﻮاد ﺿﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪ PM10‬و ‪ PM2.5‬واﻷوزون وﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮوﺟﻴﻦ وأول أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن وﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪- ٣‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﻄﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎس‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات‪ ،‬أو ﻋﻠﺐ اﻟﻬﺒﺎء اﻟﺠﻮي‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺪث ﺑﻌﺾ أﻧﻮاع ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺪﺧﺎن اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت أو اﻟﺮﻣﺎد ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻛﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬه ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪- ٤‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء أﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮًﻋﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺮﻛﺰ اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻫﺬا ﻛﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺿﺒﺎﺑًﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻀﺒﺎب اﻟﺪﺧﺎﻧﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﻀﺒﺎب اﻟﺪﺧﺎﻧﻲ" ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻲ "دﺧﺎن" و "ﺿﺒﺎب"‪ .‬ﺗﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪول‬
‫اﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮة واﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺮاﺗﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن؛ ﻧﻴﻮدﻟﻬﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﻬﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﻜﻴﻦ‪ ،‬اﻟﺼﻴﻦ؛ ﻟﻴﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺮو؛ واﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺪن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﻠﻮًﺛﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء‪ .‬ﻟﻮس أﻧﺠﻠﻮس‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ أﻳ ً‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻀﺒﺎب اﻟﺪﺧﺎﻧﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﻮن ﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻮﺛﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺟﻮﴽ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر داﺧﻠﻴﺔ وﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻧﺤﻦ داﺋ ً‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ واﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻧﻘﻞ‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻔﺎءة‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﺎم واﻟﺪراﺟﺎت واﻟﻤﺸﻲ أﺛﺮ ﺗﻠﻮث أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﺮﻛﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺪراﺟﺎت واﻟﺴﻴﺎرات ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻷن اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣﻬ ً‬
‫إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺪوﻳﺮ ﺣ ً‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮد‪ ،‬ﺟﻨًﺒﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت‪ ،‬زراﻋﺔ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ودﻋﻢ اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء‪ .‬وﻋﻨﺪ ﺷﺮاء اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﺧﺘﺮ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة واﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﻮﻓﺮة ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ واﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻞ اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What does Paragraph (1) say about air ‫( ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء؟‬1) ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬:١‫س‬
pollution?
C. We need to understand its causes. .‫ ﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ أﺳﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬.‫ج‬

Q2: Why does the writer use the words "In ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ" ﻓﻲ‬:٢‫س‬
addition" in Paragraph (3)? ‫(؟‬3) ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. to give more information about air .‫ ﻹﻋﻄﺎء ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء‬.‫أ‬
pollution.

Q3: Which word can we use to replace the ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬:٣‫س‬
words "for example" in Paragraph (4)? ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت "ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
‫(؟‬4)
D. For instance ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫د‬

Q4: How can we reduce outdoor air ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ؟‬:٤‫س‬
pollution?
B. riding bicycles ‫ رﻛﻮب اﻟﺪراﺟﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‬.‫ب‬

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