ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to humbly express our heartfelt gratitude to the people who have helped us in the
successful competition of the first phase of our project. We thank God Almighty for giving us the
strength, health and blessings for the successful completion of this work. Also, we would like to
acknowledge the invaluable support and guidance, given by our project guide as well as project
coordinator Dr. Amal Azad Sahib whose help, suggestions and expertise have helped us to reach
this stage in our project work. We would also like to express our gratitude towards Dr. T.A.
Shahul Hameed, the principal of TKM College of Engineering and Dr. Anu V Thomas, Head of
the department of Civil Engineering for providing us with all the resources required for our project
work. We also would like to thank all the other faculties of the Civil Engineering department
including the non teaching staff for their expertise, help and guidance they have provided us with
as and when required. We also would like to acknowledge all the authors of the various journals
and literatures we have referred for our project work.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE

ABSTRACT vi

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES viii

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Preamble 1

1.2 Preloading 1

1.3 Vertical Consolidation 2

1.4 Radial Consolidation 3

1.5 Soil Modeling 4

1.6 Objectives and scope of the study 4

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 6

2.1 Introduction 6

2.2 Preloading of four-legged jack-ups in clay: Geotechnical time 6

effects and fulfilment of preloading criteria (Sonnema et al., 2023)

2.3 Analysis of Consolidation by Vertical Drain with Vacuum 7

Preloading Based on Axisymmetric Biot’s Consolidation Theory (Pan
et al., 2023)
 8
2.4 Analysis of ground deformation development and settlement
prediction by air-boosted vacuum preloading (Feng et al., 2022)

8
2.5 Non‑uniform Consolidation of Soil and Influence of Corresponding
Clogging Effect During Vacuum Preloading (Wang et.al., 2022)

9
2.6 Radial consolidation of prefabricated vertical drain-reinforced soft
clays under cyclic loading (Ni et al., 2019)

10
2.7 Effect of FeCl3-conditioning on consolidation property of sewage
sludge and vacuum preloading test with integrated PVDs at the
Changan landfill, China (Lin et al., 2014)

10
2.8 Effect of preloading on post – construction consolidation settlement
of soft clay subjected to repeated loading (Fujiwara et al., 2012)

11
2.9 Effectiveness of Preloading on the Time Dependent Settlement
Behaviour of an Embankment (Islam et al., 1998)

3.0 METHODOLOGY 12

3.1 Defining Soil Parameters 12

3.2 Numerical Modeling 13

3.3 Data Analysis 15

4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 16

 4.1 Red Earth Soil 16

4.2 Brown Soil 18

4.3 Black Cotton Soil 20

4.4 Chicago Soil 21

4.5 Illite Clay 23

4.6 Bentonite Clay 25

4.7 Effective Stress Vs Settlement 26

5.0 CONCLUSION 28

REFERENCES 29

vi
 ABSTRACT

Soil behavior plays a crucial role in various geotechnical engineering applications. Understanding
soil response to preloading is essential for ensuring the stability and performance of any
infrastructure. The project focuses on developing a comprehensive soil modeling and preloading
analysis framework using MATLAB. The project mainly reviews the fundamental soil mechanics
principles and concepts. Utilizing MATLAB, various numerical methods are implemented to
simulate soil behavior under different loading conditions. Key aspects such as soil consolidation
and stress distribution are analyzed. The developed MATLAB code aided in the simulation and
optimization of preloading strategies based on site-specific soil properties and project
requirements. Validation of the MATLAB-based soil modeling approach is conducted through
comparison with analytical solutions and empirical data. The research mainly attributes in
detecting the influence of vertical and radial consolidation on settlement under six different types
of soil types. By simulating preloading scenarios and incorporating consolidation phenomena, the
project aims to provide insights into how different types of soil, including sands and clays, respond
to preloading-induced settlement. The project also seeks to validate Terzaghi's primary
consolidation theory by plotting effective stress against settlement, thus affirming foundational
principles in geotechnical engineering. Through one-dimensional preloading analysis, the
settlement characteristics of each soil type are thoroughly examined, contributing valuable data
and understanding to the field of soil mechanics and geotechnical design. The outcomes of this
project contribute to the advancement of geotechnical engineering practices by providing a
versatile tool for soil modeling and preloading analysis.

vii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No.

Table 3.1 Coefficient of consolidation values of different types of soil 13

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page No.

Figure 1.1 Primary Consolidation using Surcharge Loading 2

Figure 1.2 Radial Consolidation 3

Figure 3.1 Flowchart of algorithm of MATLAB model 14

Figure 3.2 Triangular layout of vertical drain 14

Figure 4.1 Settlement versus Time plot for Red Earth Soil 16

Figure 4.2 Degree of vertical consolidation versus time of Red Earth Soil 17

Figure 4.3 Degree of radial consolidation versus time of Red Earth Soil 17

Figure 4.4 Settlement versus Time plot for Brown Soil 18

Figure 4.5 Degree of vertical consolidation versus time of Brown soil 19

Figure 4.6 Degree of radial consolidation versus time of Brown soil 19

Figure 4.7 Settlement versus Time plot for Black Cotton soil 20

Figure 4.8 Degree of vertical consolidation versus time of Black cotton 21

soil

Figure 4.9 Degree of radial consolidation versus time of Black cotton soil 21

Figure 4.10 Settlement versus Time plot for Chicago Clay 22

Figure 4.11 Degree of vertical consolidation versus time of chicago clay 22

Figure 4.12 Degree of radial consolidation versus time of Chicago clay 23

Figure 4.13 Settlement versus Time plot for Illite Clay 23

Figure 4.14 Degree of vertical consolidation versus time of Illite clay 24

Figure 4.15 Degree of radial consolidation versus time of Illite clay 24

Figure 4.16 Settlement versus Time plot for Bentonite Clay 25

Figure 4.17 Degree of vertical consolidation versus time of Bentonite Clay 25

Figure 4.18 Degree of radial consolidation versus time of Bentonite Clay 26

Figure 4.19 Effective Stress Vs Settlement 26